Security Council resolution 688 (1991) [on repression of the Iraqi civilian population, including Kurds in Iraq]
Symbol: S/RES/688(1991)
Date: 1991-04-05
Meeting record: S/PV.2982
Subjects: CIVILIAN PERSONS|KURDS|HUMAN RIGHTS|CIVIL AND POLITICAL RIGHTS|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|IRAQ|INTERNATIONAL SECURITY|REFUGEE ASSISTANCE
Notes: Concerns repression of the Iraqi civilian population, including the Kurds in Iraq.
Summary: Condemns the repression of the Iraqi civilian population in many parts of Iraq, including most recently in Kurdish populated areas, the consequences of which threaten international peace and security in the region; demands that Iraq, as a contribution to removing the threat to international peace and security in the region, immediately end this repression and expresses the hope in the same context that an open dialogue will take place to ensure that the human and political rights of all Iraqi citizens are respected; insists that Iraq allow immediate access by international humanitarian organizations to all those in need of assistance in all parts of Iraq and to make available all necessary facilities for their operations; requests the Secretary-General to pursue his humanitarian efforts in Iraq and to report forthwith, if appropriate on the basis of a further mission to the region, on the plight of the Iraqi civilian population, and in particular the Kurdish population, suffering from the repression in all its forms inflicted by the Iraqi authorities; requests further the Secretary-General to use all the resources at his disposal, including those of the relevant UN agencies, to address urgently the critical needs of the refugees and displaced Iraqi population.

Resolution 688 (1991)
of 5 April 1991

The Security Council,
Mindful of its duties and its responsibilities under the

Charter of the United Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security,

Recalling the provisions of Article 2, paragraph 7, of the
Charter,

Gravely concerned by the repression of the Iraqi civilian
population in many parts of Iraq, including most recently in
Kurdish-populated areas, which led to a massive flow of
refugees towards and across international frontiers and to crossborder incursions which threaten international peace and
security in the region,

Deeply disturbed by the magnitude of the human suffering
involved,

Taking note of the letters dated 2 and 4 April 1991,
respectively, from the representatives of Turkey and France to
the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security
Council, 123

Taking note also of the letters dated 3 and 4 April 1991
from the Permanent Representative of the Islamic Republic of
Iran to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General, 124

Reaffirming the commitment of all Member States to
respect the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political
independence of Iraq and of all States in the region,
Bearing in mind the report transmitted by the Secretary-General on 20 March 1991,°

1. Condemns the repression of the Iraqi civilian population in many parts of Iraq, including most recently in Kurdish-populated areas, the consequences of which threaten international peace and security in the region;

2. Demands that Iraq, as a contribution to removing the
threat to international peace and security in the region,
immediately end this repression, and in the same context
expresses the hope that an open dialogue will take place to
ensure that the human and political rights of all Iraqi citizens
are respected;

3. Insists that Iraq allow immediate access by international humanitarian organizations to all those in need of
assistance in all parts of Iraq and make available all necessary
facilities for their operations;

4. Requests the Secretary-General to pursue his humanitarian efforts in Iraq and to report forthwith, if appropriate on
the basis of a further mission to the region, on the plight of the
Iraqi civilian population, and in particular the Kurdish population, suffering from the repression in all its forms inflicted by
the Iraqi authorities;

5. Also requests the Secretary-General to use all the
resources at his disposal, including those of the relevant United
Nations agencies, to address urgently the critical needs of the
refugees and displaced Iraqi population;

6. Appeals to all Member States and to ail humanitarian
organizations to contribute to these humanitarian relief efforts,

7. Demands that Iraq cooperate with the Secretary-General to these ends;
8. Decides to remain seized of the matter.

Adopted at the 2982nd meeting by 10
votes to 3 (Cuba, Yemen, Zimbabwe),
with 2 abstentions (China, India).

Texto español (official Spanish version): CARTA, DE FECHA 2 DE ABRIL DE 1991, DIRIGIDA AL PRESIDENTE DEL
CONSEJO DE SEGURIDAD POR EL REPRESENTANTE PERMANENTE DE TURQUIA
ANTE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS

CARTA, DE FECHA 4 DE ABRIL. DE 1991, DIRIGIDA AL PRESIDENTE DEL
CONSEJO DE SEGURIDAD POR EL ENCARGADO DE NEGOCIOS INTERINO DE
1LA MISION PERMANENTE DE FRANCIA ANTE LAS NACIONES UNIDAS

Decisión

En su 298?" sesión, celebrada ei 5 de abril de 1991, el
Consejo decidió invitar a los representantes de Alemania, el
Canadá, Dinamarca, España, Grecia, el irag, Irlanda, Italia,
Luxemburgo, Noruega, los Países Bajos, el Pakistán, Portugal,
la República Islámica del Irán, Suecia y Turquía 2 participar,
sin derecho de voto, en el examen del tema titulado:

"Carta, de fecha 2 de abril de 1991, dirigida al Presidente
del Consejo de Seguridad por el Representanie Permanente de Turquía ante las Naciones Unidas ($/22435”;

"Carta, de fecha 4 de abril de 1991, dirigida al Presidente
del Consejo de Seguridad por el Encargado de Negocios
interino de la Misión Permanente de Francia ante las
Naciones Unidas (S/2244?”)."

Resolución 688 (1991)
de * de abril de 1991

El Consejo de Seguridad,

Consciente de las obligaciones y responsabilidades que le
incumben en virtud de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas en lo
que respecta al mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad
internacionales,

Recordando lo dispuesto en el párrafo 7 del Artículo 2 de
la Carta,

Sernamente preocupado por los actos de represión perpetrados contra la población civil iraquí en muchas zonas del Irag,
incluidos los perpetrados recientemente en zonas pobladas
kurdas, que han generado una corriente masiva de refugiados
hacia las fronteras internacionales y a través de ellas, así como
incursiones transfronterizas, que ponen en peligro la paz y la
seguridad internacionales en la región,

Profundamente afectado por la magnitud de ios sufrimientos humanos ocasionados,

Tomando nota de las cartas de 2 y 4 de abril de 1991,
respectivamente, dirigidas al Presidente del Consejo de
Seguridad por los representantes de Turquía y Francia ante las
Naciones Unidas'*,

Tomando nota también de las cartas de 3 y 4 de abril de
1991 dirigidas ai Secretario General por el Representante
Permanente de la República Islámica del Irán ante las Naciones
Unidas”,

Reafirmando el apoyo de todos los Estados Miembros al
respeto de la soberanía, la integridad territorial y la independencia política del Iraq y de todos los Estados de la región,

Teniendo presente el informe transmitido por el Secretario
General el 20 de marzo de 1991%,

1. Condenalos actos de represión perpetrados contra la
población civil iraquí en muchas zonas del Iraq, incluidos los
perpetrados recientemente en zonas pobladas kurdas, cuyas
consecuencias ponen en peligro la paz y la seguridad internacionales en la región;

2. Exige al Iraq que, a fin de contribuir a eliminar la
amenaza a la paz y la seguridad internacionales en la región,
ponga fin inmediatamente a esos actos de represión, y expresa
la esperanza en el mismo contexto de que se entable un diálogo
abierto con miras a garantizar que se respeten los derechos
humanos y políticos de todos los ciudadanos iraquíes;

3. Insiste en que el Iraq conceda a las organizaciones
humanitarias internacionales acceso inmediato a todos los que
necesiten asistencia en todo el territorio del Iraq, y que ponga
a su disposición todos los medios necesarios a tal fin;

4. Pide al Secretario General que siga adelante con sus
esfuerzos humanitarios en el Iraq e informe sin demora, si
fuese necesario sobre la base de una nueva misión a la región,
acerca de la difícil situación por la que atraviesa la población
civil iraquí y, en particular, la población kurda, que es objeto de
toda clase de actos de represión por parte de las autoridades
iraquíes:

5. Pide también al Secretario General que utilice todos
los recursos a su disposición, incluidos los de los organismos
especializados pertinentes de las Naciones Unidas, para atender
urgentemente a las necesidades críticas de los refugiados y de
la población iraquí desplazada;

6. Hace un llamamiento a todos los Estados Miembros y
a todas las organizaciones humanitarias para que contribuyan
a esas actividades humanitarias de socorro;

7. Exige al Iraq que coopere con el Secretario General
para la consecución de tales fines;

8. Decide seguir examinando la cuestión.

Aprobada en la 298? sesión por 10
votos contra 3 (Cuba, Yemen, Zimbabwe) y 2 abstenciones (China, India).

CENTROAMERICA: ESFUERZOS EN PRO DE LA PAZ'*

Decisiones

En una carta de fecha 22 de abril de 1991'%, el Secretario
General informó al Consejo de Seguridad de que el General de
Brigada Lewis Mackenzie, quien se desempeñaba como Jefe
interino de observadores militares desde el 18 de diciembre de
1990, dejaría de ejercer sus funciones el 13 de mayo de 1991.
Tras las consultas habituales con las partes interesadas, se
proponía nombrar al General de Brigada Víctor Suanzes Pardo
(España) para que ocupara el puesto de Jefe de Observadores
Militares del Grupo de Observadores de las Naciones Unidas
en Centroamérica a partir del 13 de mayo de 1991, siempre y
cuando se prorrogase el mandato del Grupo. El Gobierno de
España le había comunicado que, a tal fin, no tenía inconveniente en poner a disposición de las Naciones Unidas los
servicios del General de Brigada Suanzes.

En una carta de fecha 22 de abril de 19917”, el Presidente
del Consejo de Seguridad informó al Secretario General de lc
siguiente:

"Tengo el honor de informarle de que su carta de
fecha 22 de abril de 1991'%, en que comunicó su intención
de nombrar al General de Brigada Víctor Suanzes Pardo
(España) Jefe de Observadores Militares del Grupo de
Observadores de las Naciones Unidas en Centroamérica,
se ha señalado a la atención de los miembros del Consejo
de Seguridad, quienes han dado su anuencia a esa propuesta."

En su 2986" sesión, celebrada el 6 de mayo de 1991, el
Consejo examinó el tema titulado "Centroamérica: esfuerzos en
pro de la paz - informe del Secretario General (S/22543."

38

Reslución 691 (1991)
de 6 de mayo de 1991

El Consejo de Seguridad,

Recordando sus resoluciones 637 (1989), de 27 de julio de
1989, 644 (1989), de 7 de noviembre de 1989, y 675 (1990), de
5 de noviembre de 1990, así como la declaración formulada en
nombre del Consejo de Seguridad por su Presidente, el 7 de
noviembre ce 1989'**,

1. Aprueba el informe del Secretario General, de 29 de
abril de 1991;

2. Decide prorrogar, bajo su autoridad, el mandato del
Grupo de Observadores de las Naciones Unidas en Centroamé-
rica, tal como se define en la resolución 644 (1989), por un
nuevo período de seis meses, es decir, hasta el 7 de noviembre
de 1991, teniendo en cuenta el informe del Secretario General
y la necesidad de seguir vigilando cuidadosamente los gastos en
este período de crecientes demandas sobre los recursos para las
operaciones de mantenimiento de la paz;

3. Pide al Secretario General que mantenga plenamente
informado al Consejo de Seguridad sobre los acontecimientos
que se produzcan y le presente un informe sobre todos los
aspectos de las operaciones del Grupo antes de la expiración
del nuevo mandato.

Aprobada por unanimidad en la 2980"
sesión.

Texte français (official French version): LETTRE, EN DATE DU 2 AVRIL 1991, ADRESSÉE AU PRÉSIDENT DU CONSEIL DE SÉCURITE PAR LE
REPRÉSENTANT PERMANENT DE LA TURQUIE AUPRÈS DE L’ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES

LETTRE, EN DATE DU 4 AVRIL 1991, ADRESSÉE AU PRÉSIDENT DU CONSEIL DE SÉCURITÉ PAR LE
CHARGÉ D'AFFAIRES PAR INTÉRIM DE LA MISSION PERMANENTE DE LA FRANCE AUPRÈS DE
L'ORGANISATION DES NATIONS UNIES

Décision

A sa 2982° séance, le 5 avril 1991, le Conseil a décidé
d'inviter les représentants de l’Allemagne, du Canada, du
Danemark, de l’Espagne, de la Grèce, de la République
islamique d'Iran, de l’Irag, de l’Irlande, de l’Italie, du Luxembourg, de la Norvège, du Pakistan, des Pays-Bas, du Portugal,
de la Suède et de la Turquie à participer, sans droit de vote, à
la discussion de la question intitulée:

"Lettre, en date du 2 avril 1991, adressée au Président du
Conseil de sécurité par le Représentant permanent de la
Turquie auprès de l’Organisation des Nations Unies
(S/22435");

"Lettre, en date du 4 avril 1991, adressée au Président du
Conseil de sécurité par le Chargé d’affaires par intérim de
la Mission permanente de la France auprès de l’Organisation des Nations Unies (S/22442")"

Résolution 688 (1991)
du 5 avril 1991

Le Conseil de sécurité,

Conscient de ses devoirs et de ses responsabilités en vertu
de la Charte des Nations Unies en ce qui conceme le maintien
de la paix et la sécurité internationales,

Rappelant les dispositions du paragraphe 7 de l’Article 2 de
la Charte,

Profondément préoccupé par la répression des populations
civiles traquiennes dans de nombreuses parties de l’Iraq, y
compris très récemment dans les zones de peuplement kurde,
laquelle a conduit à un flux massif de réfugiés vers des frontiè-
res internationales et à travers celles-ci et à des violations de
frontière, qui menacent la paix et la sécurité intemationales
dans la région,

Profondément ému par l’ampleur des souffrances de la
population,

Prenant acte des lettres, en date respectivement des 2 et 4
avril 1991, adressées au Secrétaire général par les Représentants de la Turquie et de la France auprès de l’Organisation des
Nations Unies!®,

33

Prenant acte également des lettres, en date respectivement
des 3 et 4 avril 1991, adressées au Secrétaire général par le
Représentant permanent de la République islamique d'iran
auprès de l’Organisation des Nations Unies",

Réaffirmant l’engagement pris par tous les Etats Membres
de respecter la souveraineté, l’intégrité territoriale et l’indépendance politique de l’Iraq et de tous les Etats de la région,

Ayant à l’esprit le rapport communiqué par le Secrétaire
général le 20 mars 1991”,

1. Condamne la répression des populations civiles
iraquiennes dans de nombreuses parties de l’Iraq, y compris
très récemment dans les zones de peuplement kurde, qui a
pour conséquence de menacer la paix et la sécurité intemationales dans la région;

2.  Exige que l’Iraq, pour contribuer à éliminer la menace
à la paix et à la sécurité internationales dans la région, mette
fin sans délai à cette répression et, dans ce contexte, exprime
l’espoir qu’un large dialogue s’instaurera en vue d’assurer le
respect des droits de l’homme et des droits politiques de tous
les citoyens iraquiens;

3. Insiste pour que l’Iraq permette un accès immédiat des
organisations humanitaires internationales à tous ceux qui ont
besoin d’assistance dans toutes les parties de l’Iraq et qu’il
mette à leur disposition tous les moyens nécessaires à leur
action;

4. Prie le Secrétaire général de poursuivre ses efforts
humanitaires en Iraq et de lui faire rapport d'urgence, éventuellement à l’issue d’une nouvelle mission dans la région, sur le
sort des populations civiles iraquiennes, et en particulier de la
population kurde, affectées par la répression multiforme
exercée par les autorités iraquiennes;

5.  Prie également le Secrétaire général d'utiliser tous les
moyens à sa disposition, y compris ceux des institutions
spécialisées pertinentes des Nations Unies, pour faire face
d'urgence aux besoins fondamentaux des réfugiés et des
populations iraquiennes déplacées;

6. Lance un appel à tous les Etats Membres et à toutes
les organisations humanitaires pour qu’ils participent à ces
efforts d'assistance humanitaire;
7.  Exige de l’Iraq qu’il coopère avec le Secrétaire général
à ces fins;

8.  Décide de rester saisi de la question.
Adoptée à la 2982* séance par 10 voix
contre 3 (Cuba, Yémen, Zimbabwe),

avec 2 abstentions (Chine, Inde).

AMÉRIQUE CENTRALE: EFFORTS DE PAIX!

Décisions

Dans une lettre, en date du 22 avril 1991", le Secrétaire
général a informé le Conseil de sécurité que le général de
brigade Lewis Mackenzie, qui depuis le 18 décembre 1990, était
chef par intérim des observateurs militaires, cesserait d’exercer
ses fonctions le 13 mai 1991 et que, à l’issue des consultations
habituelles avec les parties concernées, il avait l’intention de
nommer le général de brigade Victor Suanzes Pardo (Espagne)
au poste de chef des observateurs militaires du Groupe
d’observateurs des Nations Unies en Amérique centrale à partir
du 13 mai 1991, sous réserve de la prorogation du mandat du
Groupe. Ice Gouvernement espagnol avait fait savoir au
Secrétaire général qu’il était disposé à mettre à cette fin à la
disposition de l’Organisation des Mations Unies les services du
général de brigade Suanzes.

Dans une lettre, en date du 24 avril 1991, le Président du
Conseil de sécurité a informé le Secrétaire général de ce qui
suit!” :

"Jai l'honneur de porter à votre connaissance que
votre lettre du 22 avril 1991 concernant votre intention
de nommer le générai Victor Suanzes Pardo (Espagne) aux
fonctions de chef des observateurs militaires du Groupe
d’observateurs des Nations Unies en Amérique centrale
(ONUCA) a été portée à l’attention des membres du
Conseil de sécurité. Ils donnent leur agrément à la proposition figurant dans votre lettre.

A sa 2986° séance, le 6 mai 1991, le Conseil a examiné la
question intitulée "Amérique centrale: efforts de paix - rapport
du Secrétaire général (S/22543")".

Résolution 691 (1991)
du 6 mai 1991

Le Conseil de sécurité,

Rappelant ses résolutions 637 (1989) du 27 juillet 1989, 644
(1989) du 7 novembre 1989 et 675 (1990) du 5 novembre 1990,
ainsi que la déclaration faite en son nom par le Président du
Conseil le 7 novembre 1989".

34

1. Approuve le rapport du Secrétaire général en date du
29 avril 1991",

2.  Décide de proroger, sous sa propre autorité, le mandat
du Groupe d'observateurs des Nations Unies en Amérique
centrale, tel qu’il a été défini dans la résolution 644 (1989),
pour une nouvelle période de six mois, soit jusqu’au 7 novembre 1991, compte tenu du rapport du Secrétaire général et de
la nécessité de continuer à veiller de près aux dépenses en cette
période où les ressources destinées aux opérations de maintien
de la paix font l’objet de demandes de plus en plus nombreuses;

3. Prie le Secrétaire général de tenir le Conseil de
sécurité pleinement au courant de tous faits nouveaux et de lui
rendre compte des différents aspects des opérations du Groupe
avant l’expiration du nouveau mandat.

Adoptée à l'unanimité à la 2986°
séance.

Décision

A sa 2988° séance, le 20 mai 1991, le Conseil a examiné la
question intitulée "Amérique centrale: efforts de paix - rapports
du Secrétaire général (S/22031"*, S/22494 et Corr.1 et Add.1)".

Résolution 693 (1991)
du 20 mai 1991

Le Conseil de sécurité,

Rappelant sa résolution 637 (1989) du 27 juillet 1989, dans
laquelle il a apporté son soutien sans réserve au Secrétaire
général pour qu’il poursuive sa mission de bons offices en
Amérique centrale,

Rappelant également l’accord de Genève du 4 avril 1990!
et l’Ordre du jour de Caracas du 21 mai 1990! dont sont
convenus le Gouvernement d’EI Salvador et le Frente Farabundo Martf para la Liberaciôn Nacional,

Profondément préoccupé par la persistance et l’intensification du climat de violence en El Salvador, qui affecte gravement la population civile, et soulignant qu’il importe donc

Русский текст (official Russian version): и Турции приложить все свои усилия для
скорейшего достижения этой цели.

Члены Совета вновь подтвердили позицию
Совета, состоящую в том, что созыв между-
народной встречи на высоком уровне под
председательством Генерального секретаря, в
котором участвовали бы обе общины, а
также Греция и Турция, является эффектив-
ным механизмом для заключения всеобъемлю-
щего рамочного соглашения.

Члены Совета обратились
обеих общин, а также к

к лидерам
руководителям

Греции и Турции с просьбой в полной мере
сотрудничать с Генеральным секретарем в
деле безотлагательного завершения разработ-
ки комплекса идей, касающихся всеобъемлю-
щего рамочного соглашения.

Члены Совета просили — Генерального
секретаря представить Совету Безопасности
к апрелю 1992 года доклад о том, достигнут
ли достаточный прогресс в деле созыва
международной встречи на высоком уровне,
и при отсутствии надлежащих условий пред-
ставить Совету комплекс идей в том виде, в
каком он будет выработан к тому времени,
вместе с его оценкой положения".

ПИСЬМО ПОСТОЯННОГО ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЯ ТУРЦИИ ПРИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ОБЪЕДИНЕННЫХ
НАЦИЙ ОТ 2 АПРЕЛЯ 1991 ГОДА НА ИМЯ ПРЕДСЕДАТЕЛЯ СОВЕТА БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

ПИСЬМО ВРЕМЕННОГО ПОВЕРЕННОГО В ДЕЛАХ ПОСТОЯННОГО ПРЕДСТАВИТЕЛЬСТВА
ФРАНЦИИ ПРИ ОРГАНИЗАЦИИ ОБЪЕДИНЕННЫХ НАЦИЙ ОТ 4 АПРЕЛЯ 1991 ГОДА НА
ИМЯ ПРЕДСЕДАТЕЛЯ СОВЕТА БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ

Решение

На своем 2982-м заседании 5 апреля 1991
года Совет постановил пригласить представите-
лей Германии, Греции, Дании, Ирака, Исламской
Республики Иран, Ирландии, Испании, Италии,
Канады, Люксембурга, Нидерландов, Норвегии,
Пакистана, Португалии, Турции и Швеции для
участия без права голоса в обсуждении пункта,
озаглавленного:

"Письмо Постоянного представителя Турции
при Организации Объединенных Наций от 2

апреля 1991 года на имя Председателя
Совета Безопасности (5/22435)”;

"Письмо Временного Поверенного в делах
Постоянного представительства Франции при
Организации Объединенных Наций от 4
апреля 1991 года на имя Председателя
Совета Безопасности ($/22442)7".

44

Резолюция 688 (1991)
от 5 апреля 1991 года

Собет Безопасности,

сознавая свои обязанности и ответственность
в соответствии с Уставом Организации Объеди-
ненных Наций за поддержание международного
мира и безопасности,

напоминая о положениях пункта 7 статьи 2
Устава,

будучи серьезно озабочен репрессиями против
иракского гражданского населения во многих
частях Ирака, в том числе недавними в районах
проживания курдского населения, которые приве-
ли к массовому потоку беженцев к международ-
ным границам и через них и к нарушениям
границы, что создает угрозу международному
миру и безопасности в этом регионе,
будучи глубоко обеспокоен масштабами челове-
ческих страданий,

принимая к сведению письма представителей
Турции и Франции на имя Председателя Совета
Безопасности от 2 и 4 апреля 1991 года соот-
ветственно,

принимая к сбедению также письма Постоян-
ного представителя Исламской Республики Иран
при Организации Объединенных Наций на имя
Генерального секретаря от 3 и 4 апреля 1991
года! 24,

вновь подтверждая обязательство всех госу-
дарств-членов уважать суверенитет, территори-
альную целостность и политическую независи-
мость Ирака и всех государств этого региона,

‘учитывая доклад, переданный Генеральным

секретарём 20 марта 1991 года®3,

1. осуждает репрессии против иракского
гражданского населения во многих частях Ирака,
в том числе недавние в районах проживания
курдского населения, последствия — которых
создают угрозу международному миру и безопас-
ности в этом регионе;

2. требует, чтобы Ирак, в качестве вклада
в ликвидацию угрозы международному миру и
безопасности в этом регионе, немедленно прекра-
тил эти репрессии, и в том же контексте выра-
жает надежду на то, что состоится открытый
диалог, с тем чтобы обеспечить уважение прав
человека и политических прав всех иракских
граждан;

требует, чтобы — Ирак
незамедлительно — обеспечил — международным
гуманитарным организациям доступ ко всем
нуждающимся в помощи во всех частях Ирака и
предоставил все необходимые средства для их
деятельности;

З. настоятельно

4. просит Генерального секретаря продол-
жать его гуманитарные усилия в Ираке и безот-
лагательно представить доклад, при необходимос-
ти на основе еще одной миссии в этот регион,
о положении иракского гражданского населения,
и особенно курдского населения, страдающего от
репрессий в различных формах, которым подвер-
гают его иракские власти;

5. просит также Генерального секретаря
использовать все имеющиеся в его распоряжении
средства, включая средства соответствующих
учреждений Организации Объединенных Наций,
для незамедлительного удовлетворения насущных
потребностей беженцев и перемещенных лиц из
числа иракского населения;

6. призывает все государства-члены и все
гуманитарные организации принять участие в
этих усилиях по оказанию гуманитарной помощи;

7. требует, чтобы Ирак сотрудничал с
Генеральным секретарем в осуществлении этих
целей;

8. постановляет продолжать рассмотрение
этого вопроса.

Принята на 2982-м заседании 10
голосами против 3 (Зимбабве, Йемен и
Куба) при 2 боздержабшихся (Индия и
Китай}

ЦЕНТРАЛЬНАЯ АМЕРИКА: УСИЛИЯ В НАПРАВЛЕНИИ МИРА!2?5

Решения

В письме от 22 апреля 1991 года!?° Гене-
ральный секретарь информировал Совет Безопас-
ности о том, что бригадный генерал Льюис
Маккензи, который с 18 декабря 1990 года
исполнял обязанности Главного военного наблю-
дателя, сложит с себя эти обязанности 13 мая
1991 года и что по итогам проведенных им с

соответствующими сторонами обычных консуль-
таций он намерен назначить бригадного генерала
Виктора Суансеса Пардо (Испания) на должность
Главного военного наблюдателя Группы наблюда-
телей Организации Объединённых Наций в
Центральной Америке с 13 мая 1991 года, при
условии продления мандата Группы. Правитель-
ство Испании уведомило Генерального секретаря
о том, что оно готово для этой цели откоманди-

中文文本 (official Chinese version): 满意 地 注意 到 在 准备 一 套 想 法 作为 商定 一 个
关于 塞浦路斯 全 面 协议 大 岗 的 车 础 方面 取得 了 进
展 ，

关 切 地 注意 到 在 完成 这 一 工作 方面 遇 到 了 国
难 ，

表示 遗憾 无 法 召开 安全 理事 会 主席 1991 年 6
月 28 日 声明 中 设想 的 高 级 别 国际 会 议 ，

1. 赞扬 秘书 长 过 去 几 个 月 所 作 的 努力 ， 并
核 可 他 的 报告 和 意见 ;

2. 重申 其 关于 塞浦路斯 的 历次 决议

3. 又 重申 最 近 在 1990 年 3 月 12 日 第 649
(1990) 号 决议 中 表示 并 符合 塞浦路斯 各 方 1977
年 “和 1979 年 ” 高层 协议 的 安理会 关于 塞 浦 路
斯 问题 的 立场 , 即 : 塞浦路斯 解决 办 法 的 基本 原则
蚌 塞浦路斯 共和 国 的 主权 、 独 立 、 领 土 完整 和 不
结盟 地 位 ; 不 与 任何 其 他 国家 整体 地 或 部 分 地 合
并 ,不 以 任何 形式 分 治 或 分 离 ; 建立 一 个 塞浦路斯
的 新 宪法 安排 ， 以 保障 在 一 个 两 族 、 两 区 的 联邦
内 希 族 塞 人 和 土族 塞 人 的 福利 和 安全 ;

4. 重申 其 关于 解决 塞浦路斯 问题 的 立场 是
以 两 族 政治 地 位 平等 组 成 一 个 塞浦路斯 国家 为 基
础 ,这 是 秘书 长 在 1990 年 3 月 8 日 的 报告 “附件 一
第 十 一 段 中 靖 明 的 ;

5. 要 求 各 方 充分 遵守 这 些 原 则 ， 在 这 些 原
则 范围 内 谈判 ,不 提出 违反 这 些 原 则 的 观念 ;

6. 重申 秘书 长 幸 旋 任务 的 对 象 是 两 族 ， 由
两 族 以 平等 地 位 参加 这 一 过 程 ，

7。 赞同 秘书 长 的 意图 ， 由 他 在 11 月 初 同 塞
浦 路 斯 双方 、 希 腊 和 土耳其 恢复 讨论 ， 完 成 关于
全 面 协议 大 纲 的 一 蠢 想 法 ;

8. 认为 召开 一 个 由 秘书 长 担任 主席 、 并 由
两 族 以 及 希腊 和 土耳其 参加 的 高 级 别 国际 会 议 ，
是 拟定 一 项 关于 塞浦路斯 全 面 协 议 大 纲 的 有 效 办
法 ;

9. 请 两 族 以 及 希腊 和 土耳其 的 领导 人 同 秘
书 长 和 他 的 代表 充分 合作 ， 使 高 级 别 国际 会 议 得

”同上 ，《 第 四 十 五 年 ,1990 年 1 月 、2 月 和 3 月
份 补 编 》,S/21183 号 文件 。

以 在 今年 年 底 之 前 举行 ;

10. 请 秘书 长 在 1991 年 11 月 向 安全 理事 会 提
出 报告 ， 说 明 召 开 高 级 别 国际 会 议 是 否 已 取得 是
够 进展 ,如 果 条 件 尚 未 成 熟 , 则 向 安理会 提出 到 时
拟定 的 一 套 想 法 , 并 提出 他 对 局 势 的 评估 。

第 3013 次 会 议 一 至 通过。
决 定

1991 年 12 月 12 日 ， 安 全 理事 会 主席 同安 全 理
事 会 成 员 协 商 后 ， 代 表 安 理会 各 成 员 就 题 为 “ 塞
浦 路 斯 局 势 ” 的 项 目 向 新 闻 媒 介 发 表 声 明 如
下 aae

“根据 安全 理事 会 成 员 的 非 正式 协商 ，

所 得 结论 是 ， 安 理会 目前 没有 对 改变 联合 国

驻 塞 浦 路 斯 维持 和 平 部 队 筹 资方 式 的 决定 达

成 必要 协议 、 安 理会 成 员 同 意 继 续 紧 急 审查

这 个 问题 。”

1991 年 12 月 12 日 ， 安 理会 第 3022 次 会 议决 定
邀请 加 拿 大 、 塞 浦 路 斯 、 希 腊 和 土耳其 代表 参加
讨论 ， 但 无 表决 权 。 讨论 题目 为 : ”塞浦路斯 局
势 ， 秘 书 长 关于 联合 国 塞浦路斯 行动 的 报告 (S/
23263 和 Add.1) ”。”“

在 同 次 会 议 上 ， 安 理会 还 决定 按照 安理会 暂
行 议事 规则 第 39 条 ， 向 奥斯曼 。 埃 尔 图 格 先生 发
出 邀请 。

1991 年 12 月 12 日 第 723(1991) 号 决议
安全 理事 会 ，
注意 到 秘书 长 1991 年 IL 月 30 日 和 12 月 12 日 关

于 联合 国 塞浦路斯 行动 的 报告 120，
又 注意 到 秘书 长 建议 安全 理事 会 将 联合 国 驻

…”S/23284 。

”” 《安全 理事 会 正式 记录 ,第 四 十 六 年 ,1991 年
10 月 、11 月 和 12 月 份 补 编 》,S/23263 和 Add.1 号
文件 。

- 33 -
塞浦路斯 维持 和 平 部 队 的 驻 留 期 限 再 延长 六 个 月 ，

注意 到 塞浦路斯 政府 已 经 同意 ， 鉴 于 岛 上 的
现 况 ，1991 年 12 月 15 日 以 后 联 塞 部 队 仍 有 驻 留 塞
浦 路 斯 的 必要 ，

重申 1964 年 3 月 4 日 第 186(1964) 号 决议 和 其
他 有 关 决 议 的 各 项 规定 ，

1. 再 次 延长 根据 第 186(1964) 号 决议 成 立
的 联合 国 维持 和 平 部 队 在 塞浦路斯 的 驻 留 期 限 至
1992 年 6 月 15 日 止 ;

2. 请 秘书 长 继续 其 干 旅 任务 ， 随 时 将 所 获
进展 通知 安全 理事 会 ,并 于 1992 年 5 月 31 日 以 前 就
本 决议 的 执行 情况 提出 报告 ;

3. 呼吁 所 有 有 关 各 方 继续 同 联 塞 部 队 在 现
有 任务 的 基础 上 合作 。

第 3022 次 会 议 一 臻 通过 。
决 定

1991 年 12 月 23 日 ， 安 理会 第 3024 次 会 议 讨论
题 为 ”塞浦路斯 局 势 : 秘书 长 关于 其 塞浦路斯 干
旅 任务 的 报告 (CS/23300) ”的 项 目 “。

在 同 次 会 议 上 ， 安 理会 主席 代表 安理会 成 员
发 表 声 明 如 下 :

“安全 理事 会 成 员 审议 了 1991 年 12 月

19 日 秘书 长 关于 其 塞浦路斯 畔 旋 任 务 的 报

告 。

”” S/23316。
”公安 全 理事 会 正式 记录 ,第 四 十 六 年 ,1991 年
10 月 、11 月 和 12 月 份 补 编 》,S/23300 号 文件 。

“安全 理事 会 成 员 深切 感谢 秘书 长 作出
长 期 不 懈 的 努力 ， 为 塞浦路斯 问题 寻求 公
正 、 持久 的 解决 。 它 们 赞赏 地 注意 到 , 由 于
他 的 努力 ， 今 年 在 达成 全 面 框架 协定 方面 取
得 了 进展 。

“安全 理事 会 成 员 重 申 安理会 在 其 以 前
各 项 决议 ， 尤 其 是 在 1990 年 3 月 12 日 第 649
(1990) 号 和 1991 年 10 月 11 日 第 716(1991) 号
决议 内 所 表示 的 立场 。

“安全 理事 会 成 员 一 致 攀 同 秘书 长 的 报
告 和 意见 。 它 们 同 他 看 法 完全 一 致 ， 认 为 塞
浦 路 斯 问题 早 就 应 该 获得 解决 。 仅 仅 保 持 现
状 并 不 是 一 个 解决 办 法 ， 它 们 呼吁 两 族 的 领
导 人 和 希腊 及 土耳其 的 领导 人 竭尽 全 力 ， 及
旱 实 现 这 项 目标 。

“安全 理事 会 成 员 重 申 安理会 的 立场 ，
即 召开 一 次 由 秘书 长 担任 主席 并 由 两 族 和 希
腊 及 土耳其 参加 的 高 级 别 国际 会 议 是 缔结 全
面 框架 协定 的 有 效 办 法 。

“安理会 成 员 请 两 族 的 领导 人 和 希 冉 及
土耳其 的 领导 人 同 秘书 长 充分 合作 ， 紧 急 拟
妥 关 于 全 面 框架 协定 的 一 套 想 法 。

“安全 理事 会 成 员 请 秘书 长 在 1992 年 4
月 以 前 向 安全 理事 会 提出 报告 ， 说 明 召 开 高
级 别 国际 会 议 是 否 已 取得 足够 进展 ， 如 果 条
件 尚 未 成 熟 ， 则 向 安理会 提出 到 时 拟定 的 一
套 想 法 ,并 提出 他 对 局 势 的 评估 。”

1991 年 4 月 2 日 土耳其 常 驻 联合 国 代表 给 安全 理事 会 主席 的 信
1991 年 4 月 4 日 法 国 常 驻 联合 国 代 表 团 临 时 代办 给 安全 理事 会 主席 的 信

决 定

1991 年 4 月 5 日 ， 安 理会 第 2982 次 会 议决 定 六 ”请 加 拿 大 、 叉 麦 、 德 国 、 希 腊 、 伊 朗 伊斯兰 共和
请 加 拿 大 、 麦 、 德 国 、 希 腊 、 伊 朗 伊斯兰 共和 挪威 、 巴 莽 斯坦、 葡萄牙、 西班牙 、 瑞 典 和 土 耳

- 34 -
其 的 代表 ,参加 讨论 以 下 项 目 ,但 无 表决 权 :

“1991 年 4 月 2 土耳其 常 驻 联合 国 代表 给
安全 理事 会 主席 的 信 (S/22435)
“1991 年 4 月 4 日 法 国联 合 国 代表 团 临 时
代办 给 安全 理事 会 主席 的 信 (S/22442) ”。
1991 年 4 月 5 日 第 688(1991) 号 决议
安全 理 素 会 ，
铅 记 着 根据 《 联合 王国 宪章 》 负 有 维持 世界
和 平 与 安全 的 义务 和 责任 ，
回顾 《 宪章 》 第 二 条 第 七 项 规定 ，
严重 关切 对 伊拉克 境内 许多 地 方 平 民 的 镇 压 ，

包括 近 对 库尔德 人 地 区 的 镇 压 ， 导 致 大 量 难民 流
向 并 越过 国际 性 界 , 而 且 导 致 越界 事件 , 从 而 威 肤
该 区 域 的 国际 和 平 与 安全 ，

对 于 人 们 苦难 深重 深 感 不 安 ，

注意 到 土耳其 和 法 国 常 驻 联 合 国 代 表 分 别 于
1991 年 4 月 2 日 和 4 月 4 日 给 安全 理事 会 主席 的
信 ,zs

还 注意 到 伊朗 伊斯兰 共和 国 常 驻 联合 国 代表
于 1991 年 4 月 3 日 和 4 日 给 秘书 长 的 信 ，”

重申 所 有 会 员 国 承诺 尊重 伊拉克 及 该 地 区 所
有 国家 的 主权 、 领 土 完整 和 政治 独立 ，

”同上 ，《1991 年 4 月 、5 月 和 6 月 份 补 编 》,S/
22435 和 S/22442 也 文件 。
”同上 ,S/22436 和 S/22447 号 文件 。

铭记 着 秘书 长 1991 年 3 月 20 日 转交 的 报告 ，”

1, 谴责 对 伊拉克 境内 许多 地 区 伊拉克 平民
的 镇 压 , 包括 最 近 对 库尔德 人 地 区 的 镇 压 , 其 后 时
威胁 到 该 区 域 国 际 和 平 与 安全 ;

2. 要 求 伊拉克 ， 为 了 有 助 于 消除 对 该 区 域
国际 和 平 与 安全 的 威胁 ,立即 停止 此 种 镇 压 , 并 希
望 为 同样 目的 举行 分 开 对 话 ， 以 确保 伊拉克 所 有
公民 的 人 权 和 政治 权利 受到 尊重 ，

3. 坚持 伊拉克 立即 允许 国际 人 道 主义 组 织
与 伊拉克 境内 所 有 地 区 一 切 需要 援助 的 人 们 接触 ，
并 为 这 些 人 道 主 义 组 织 的 活动 提供 一 切 必要 便利 ;

4. 请 秘书 长 在 伊拉克 尽 其 人 道 主 义 努 力 ，
并 苦 酌 情况 根据 派 去 该 区 域 其 他 特派 团 的 报告 ，
立即 就 伊拉克 平民 ,特别 是 库尔德 族人 ,在 伊拉克
当局 所 施加 的 一 切 形式 镇 还 下 的 苦难 情况 提出 报
告 ;

5. 又 请 秘书 长 运用 他 所 掌握 的 一 切 资源 ，
包括 联合 国 各 有 关机 构 的 资源 ， 紧 急 处 理 难民 以
及 流离 失 所 的 伊拉克 人 民 的 迫切 需要 ;

6.， 呼吁 所 有 会 员 国 及 一 切 人 道 主义 组 织 为
此 人 道 主义 救济 工作 作出 贡献 ;

7. 要 求 伊拉克 为 这 些 目的 与 秘书 长 合作 ，

8. 决定 继续 处 理 此 案 。

第 2982 次 会 议 以 10 票 对 3 票 (十 已 、
也 门 、 津 巴 布 书 ) 、 两 票 弃权 (中国 、
印度 ) 通 过 。

中 美洲 ， 谋 求 各 平 的 努力 ”

决 定

秘书 长 在 1991 年 4 月 22 日 的 信 “中 通知 安全
理事 会 ， 自 1990 年 12 月 18 日 起 临时 担任 军事 观察

“” 安理会 在 1989 年 和 1990 年 也 曾 通过 关于 这 个
问题 的 决议 或 决定 。
“”S/22527。

团团 长 的 刘易斯 。 麦 肯 齐 准将 , 将 于 1991 年 5 月 13
日 任期 届满 。 他 按照 惯例 与 有 关 各 方 协商 后 , 打
算是 提名 维克托 。 苏 安 塞 斯 。 帕 尔 多 准将 〈 西 班
牙 ) 担任 中 美洲 观察 团 军事 观察 团团 长 ， 任 期 自
1991 年 5 月 13 日 开始 , 但 以 延长 中 美洲 观察 团 任务
期 限 为 条 件 。 西班牙 政府 已 通知 秘书 长 ,准备 派

- 35 -

النص العربي (official Arabic version): طاء
‎٠"‏ - يعلن أنه بعد تقديم العراق
إخطارا رسميا إلى الآمين العام وإلى مجلس الآمن
بقبوله الأحكام الواردة أعلاه. يسري وقف رسمي
لإطلاق النار بين العراق والكويت والدول الاعضاء
المتعاونة مع الكويت و فقا للقرار 8م17 (0١)؛‏

؛ - يقرر أن يبقي المسألة قيد النظر
وأن يتخذ ما قد يلزم من خطوات أخرى لتنفيذ
هذا القرار وضمان السلم والأمن في المنطقة.

اتخذ في الجلسة 1981 بأغلبية ‎١١‏ صوتا
مقابل صوت واحد كوبا) وامتناع
عضوين عن التصويت (اكوادور واليمن).

القرار 1848 ‎)٠9841(‏ المؤرخ
ه نيسان/أبريل ‎١١4١‏

إن مجلس الأمن.

إذ يضع في اعتباره واجباته ومسؤولياته.
بموجب ميثاق الأمم المتحدة. بالنسبة لصون السلم
والأمن الدوليين؛

وإذ يشير الى أحكام الفقرة 7 من المادة
من الميثاق.

وإذ يساوره شديد القلق إزاء القمع الذي
يتعرض له السكان المدنيون العراقيون في أجزاء
كثيرة من العراق والذي شمل مؤخّرا المناطق
السكانية الكردية وأدى الى تدفق اللاجئين على
نطاق واسع عبر الحدود الدولية والى حدوث

93-5

29-

غارات عبر الحدود بما يهدد السلم والآمن
الدوليين في المنطقة,

وإذ يشعر بانزعاج بالغ لما ينطوي عليه
ذلك من آلام مبرحة يعاني متها البشر هتاك.

وإذ يحيط_ علما بالرسالتين الموجهتين
الى رئيس مجلس الأمن من الممثلين الدائمين
لتركيا وفرنسا لدى الأمم المتحدة والمؤرختين
و 4 نيسان/أبريل ‎41١‏ على التوالي”'",

وإذ يحيط علما أيضا بالرسالتين
الموجهتين الى الأمين العام من الممثل الدائم
لجمهورية ايران الإسلامية لدى الأمم المتحدة
والمؤرختين ‏ و 4 نيسان/أبريل 441 091,

وإذ يعيد تأكيد التزام جميع الدول
الأعضاء تجاه سيادة العراق وجميع دول المنطقة
وسلامتها الإقليمية واستقلالها السياسي.

وإذ يضع في اعتباره التقرير الذي أحاله
الأمين العام والمؤرخ ‎٠١‏ آذار/مارس ‎,""١4١‏

‎-١‏ يدين القمع الذي يتعرض له
السكان المدنيون العراقيون في أجزاء كثيرة من
العراق والذي شمل مؤخرا المناطق السكانية
الكردية. وتهدد نتائجه السلم والأمن الدوليين في
المنحطقة؛

‏"- يطالب بأن يقوم العراق على
الفخور. كإسهام منه في إزالة الخطر الذي يتهدد
السلم والأمن الدوليين في المنطقة؛ بوقف هذا
القمع. ويعرب عن الأمل. في السياق نفسه؛ في

إقامة حوار مفتوح لكفالة احترام حقوق الانسان
والحقوق السياسية لجميع المواطنين العراقيين؛

"- يصر على أن يسمح العراق
بوصول المنظمات الإنسانية الدولية على الفور
الى جميع من يحتاجون الى المساعدة في جميع
أنحاء العراق. ويوفر جميع التسهيلات اللازمة
لعملياتها؛

4 - | يطلب الى الآمين العام أن يواصل
بذل جهوده الإنسانية في العراق. وأن يقدم على
الفور. وإذا اقتضى الأمر على أساس إيفاد بعثة
أخرى الى المنطقة. تقريرا عن محنة السكان
المد نيين العراقيين. وخاصة السكان الأكراد, الذين
يعانون من جميع أشكال القمع الذي تمارسه
السلطات العراقية؛

8 - يطلب أيضا الى الأمين العام أن
يستخدم جميع الموارد الموجودة تحت تصرقه.
بما فيها موارد وكالات الأمم المتحدة ذات الصلة.
للقيام على نحو عاجل بتلبية الاحتياجات الملحة
للاجئين وللسكان العراقيين المشردين؛

3- يناشد جميع الدول الأعضاء
وجميع المنظمات الإنسانية أن تسهم في جهود
الإعَاثة الإنسانية هذه؛

"- يطالب العراق بأن يتعاون مع

الأمين العام من أجل تحقيق هذه الغايات؛

93-5

-30-

+- يقرر إبقاء هذه المسألة قيد

اتخذ في الجلسة 7489 بأغلبية ‎٠١‏
‏أصوات متابل ‎٠‏ أصوات (زمبابوي وكوبا
واليمن) وامتناع عضوين عن_التصويت
(الصين والهند).

مقرر

في الجلسة 9م95 المعقودة في ‎١٠‏
‏نيسان/ابريل ‎01494١‏ قرر المجلس دعوة ممثلي
العراق والكويت إلى الاشتراك. دون أن يكون لهما
حق التصويت. في مناقشة البند المعنون "الحالة
بين العراق والكويت: تقرير الآمين العام عن
تنفيذ الفقرة 8 من قرار مجلس الأمن 187 ‎)9١91(‏
‏(5/22454 و 00.1-3ه)"".

القرار 184 ‎)199١(‏ المؤرخ
4 نيسان/ابريل ‎١94١‏
‏إن مجلس الأمن.

إذ يشير إلى قراره 87م ‎)١9١(‏ المؤرخ
‎٠‏ نيسان/ابريل 8991

وإذ يتصرف بموجب الفصل السابع من
ميثاق الامم المتحد ة؛

‎-١‏ يوافق على تقرير الأآمين العام
المؤرخ 5# و 4 نيسان/ابريل ‎١94١١‏ عن تنفيذ
الفقرة 5 من قرار مجلس الأمن 187 (0)14561"؛

Draft resolution (S/22448):
UNITED S
NATIONS

Fela, Security Council Dists.
Ry # GENERAL
Nc 14
= S/22448
§ April 1991
ENGLISH

ORIGINAL: FRENCH

Belgium, France, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland and United States of America: draft resolution

=]

e Security Council,

Mindful of its duties and its responsibilities under the Charter of the United
Nations for the maintenance of international peace and security,

Recalling Article 2, paragraph 7, of the Charter of the United Nations,

parts of Iraq, including most recently in Kurdish populated areas which led to a
massive flow of refugees towards and across international frontiers and to cross
border incursi~ns, which threaten international peace and security in the region,

Deeply disturbed by the magnitude of the human suffering involved,

Taking note of the letters sent by the representatives of Turkey and France to
the United Nations dated 2 April 199) and 4 April 1991, respectively (S/22435 and
§/722442),

Taking note also of the letters sent by the Permanent Representative of the
Islamic Republic of Iran to the United Nations dated 3 and 4 April 1991,
respectively (8/22436 and S5/22447),

Reaffirming the commitment of all Member States to the sovereignty,
territorial integrity and political independence of Iraq and of all States in the
area,

Bearing in mind the Secretary-General's report of 20 March 1991 (S5/22366),

1. Condemns the repression of the Iragi civilian population in many parts of
Iraq, including most recently in Kurdish populated areas, the consequences of which
threaten international peace and security in the region;

2. Demands that Iraq, as a contribution tou removing the threat to
international peace and security in the region, immediately end this repression and

91-11128 3313Z (E) lees
S§/722448
English
Page 2

expresses the hope in the same context that an open dialogue will take place to
ensure that the human and political rights of all Iraqi citizens are respected;

3. Insists that Iraq allow immediate access by international humanitarian
organizations to all those in need of assistance in all parts of Iraq and to make
available all necessary facilities for their operations;

4, Requests the Secretary-General to pursue his humanitarian efforts in Iraq
and to report forthwith, it appropriate on the basis of a further misuion to the
region, on the plight of the Iraqi civilian population, and in particular the

Kurdish population, suffering from the repression in all its forms inflicted by the
Iraqi authorities;

5. Requests further the Secretary-General to use all the resources at his
disposal. including those of the relevant United Nations agencies, to address
urgently the critical needs of the refugees and displaced Iraqi population;

6. Appeals to all Member States and to all humanitarian organizations to
contribute to these humanitarian relief efforts;

7. Demands that Iraq cooperate with the Secretary-General to these ends;
8. Decides to remain seized of the matter.
REE
J ’ 3
rT i
mo t
-— 3
« a

Meeting record:
UNITED S 3

FIIXY Security Council

i V] PROVISIONAL
hE
po =—C4 5/PV,2982
5 April 1991
ENGLISH
PROVISIONAL VERBATIM RECOPD OF THE TWO THOUSAND NINE HUNDRED
AND EIGHTY~SECOND MEETING
Held at Headquarters, New York,
on Friday, 5 April 1991, at 5.20 p.m.
Presidents Mr. NOTERDAEME (Belgium)
Membersgs Austria Mr. HOHENFELLNER
China Mr. LI Daoyu
Cote A'Ivoire Mr. BECHIO
Cuba Mr. ALARCON de QUESADA
Ecuador Mr. AYALA LASSO
France Mr. ROCHEREAU DE LA SABLIERE
India Mr. GHAREKHAN
Romania Mr. MUNTEANU
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Mr. VORONTSOV
United Kingdom of Great Britain and
Northern Ireland Sir David HANNAY
United States of America Mr. PICKERING
Yemen Mr. AL-ASHTAL
Zaire Mr. KIBIDI NGOVUKA
Zimbabwe Mr. ZENENGA

This record contains the original text of speeches delivered in English and
interpretations of speeches in the other languages. The final text will be printed
in the Official) Records of the Security Council.

Corrections should be submitted to original speeches only. They should be
sent under the signature of a member of the delegation concerned, within one week,
to the Chief, Official Records Editing Section, Department of Conference Services,
room DC2-750, 2 United Nations Plaza, and incorporated in a copy of the record,

91-60511/A 4644V (E)
RM/3 S/PV.2982
2

The meeting wag called to order at 5.20 p.m.
ADOPTION OF THE AGENDA
Ihe agenda was adopted.

LETTER DATED 2 APRIL 1991 FROM THE PERMANENT REPRESENTATIVE OF TURKEY TO THE UNITED
NATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL (S/22435)

LETTER DATED 4 APRIL 1991 FROM THE CHARGE D'AFFAIRES a.i. OF THE PERMANENT MISSION
OF FRANCE TO THE UNITED NATIONS ADDRESSED TO THE PRESIDENT OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL
(S/22442)

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I should like to inform the
Council that I have received letters from the representatives of Demmark, Germany,
the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iraq, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands,
Pakistan, Spain, Sweden and Turkey in which they request to be invited to
participate in the discussion of the item on the Council's agenda. In conformity
with the usual practice, I propose, with the consent of the Council, to invite
those representatives to participate in the discussion without the right to vote,
in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Charter and rule 37 of the
Council's provisional rules of procedure.

There being no objection, it is so decided.
n he P iden r, Al-An i h

Denmark Mr, Rantz n K 23

208 FRESIPENT {iatsrprotaticn from French): The Ceruriey Council wild

now begin its consideration of the item on its agenda.
The Security Council is meeting in response to the requests contained in

letters dated 2 April 1991 from the Permanent Representative of Turkey to the
RM/3 S/PV.2982
3

(The President)
United Nations addressed to the President of the Securitv Council (S8/22435) and 4
April 1991 from the Chargé d'affaires ad interim of the Permanent Mission of France
to the United Nations addressed to the President of the Security Council (§/22442),
respectively.

Members of the Council have before them document $/22448, which contains the
text of a draft resolution submitted by Belgium and France. The United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of America have joined as
sponsors of the draft resolution.

I should also like to draw the Council's attention to the following
documents: £/22436 and S§/22447, letters dated 3 and 4 April 1991, respectively,
from the Permanent Representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran to the United
Nations addressed to the Secretary-General; S$/22440, letter dated 3 April 1991 from
the Permanent Representative of Iraq to the United Nations addressed to the
Secretary-General; and $/22443, letter dated 4 April 1991 from the Permanent
Representative of Luxembourg to the United Nations addressed to the
Socretary-General.

The first speaker inscribed on my list is the representative of Turkey. I
invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. AKSIN (Turkey): First, I should like to express my delegation's
great satisfaction at seeing you, Sir, the distinguished representative of a
friendly country, presiding over the Council during this month. We are confident
that your skill and experience will ensure the success of the Council's
Acliharationa. I ghould alms like to express our admiration for the able manner in
which Ambassador Hohenfellner of Austria conducted the work of the Council during
the course of the very eventful month of March. I wish to welcome
Ambassador Jean-Jacques Bechio, the new Permanent Representative of Cote d'Ivoire,

who takes his place in the Security Council.
RM/3 §/pPV.2982
4-5

(Mr. Aksin. Turkey)

Turkey has asked for this meeting of the Security Council in view of the grave
threat to the peace and security of the region posed by the tragic events taking
place in Irag. I would like to thank you, Mr, President, for convening this
meeting.

In their attempt to put down the various insurgencies in that country the
Iraqi armed forces have attacked cities and other localities with helicopters,
tanks and artillery. This indiscriminate use of deadly firepower has caused the
inhabitants of the localities under attack to flee for their safety. Whole cities
stand deserted as a consequence of these actions. The situation in the northern
part of the country adjacent to the borders of Turkey and Iran is especially

alarming,
EF/4 S/PV.2982
6

(Mr. Aksin, Turkey)

When we wrote our letter asking for this meeting, three days ago, there were
more than 200,000, and perhaps 300,000, people who had been driven to the
Iraqi-Turkish border. Of these, over 100,000 have trekked across the border, and
are now reported to be in Turkey. We have reports that perhaps 600,000 more people
are on the move, heading for the Turkish border.

This is a remote, mountainous area. The cold is intense at this time of the
year. These helpless people, who are exposed to the elements, are Kurds, Arabs and
Turkomans. These displaced people are Sunni and Shiite Moslems, and also
Christians, Many of them are women and children. All of them are in mortal
danger. The groups at the border have come under intense mortar fire. Many .f the
mortar shells have actually landed on the Turkish side of the border.

My Government has summoned the Iraqi Ambassador to issue a serious warning
against continuing these attacks on defenceless civilians, and to demand an
immediate halt to this callous use of firepower.

There is no way in which what is going on in northern Iraq can be justified as
an internal affair of that country. Given the scale of the human tragedy and its
international implications, this Council cannot allow itself to be relegated to the
role of a mere spectator as these calamitous events unfold.

The threat posed by these events to the security of the region needs no
elaboration. In the chaotic conditions prevailing in northern Iraq, it is
conceivable that a million people might be forced to move from that country to
Turkey. No country can cope with such a massive influx of destitute people fleeing
for their lives, Turkey will not allow its border provinces to be overwhelmed by

such a flood of displaced persons.
EF/4 S/PV.2982
7

(Mr. Aksin, Turkey)

We expect the Council to take urgent and forceful action to secure an
immediate cessation of the repression of the inhabitants of this area. The Council
must send a clear signal to Iraq demanding resper . for international borders and
respect for human rights. Only in this way can the terrible pressure of humanity
pressing against Iraq's borders be alleviated. At the same time, we are duty bound
to take whatever measures we deem necessary to prevent the anarchy and chaos
reigning on the Iraqi side of the border from spilling over into our country.

This does not mean that we are insensitive to the tragedy taking place in Iraq
next door. We have the greatest sympathy and compassion for the plight of the
victims of this man-made disaster. It will be recalled that in the summer of 1988,
Turkey admitted over 60,000 Iraqis in similar circumstances; however, the scale of
this calamity bears no comparison with what occurred in 1988. Our efforts to
render humanitarian assistance are being swamped by the magnitude of the needs of
these uprooted people. We have been providing truckloads of food as well as
medical services to the needy people at our border. Efforts are being made to
provide temporary shelter for those who have already crossed into Turkey.

But, clearly, this is an operation which requires the full backing and
generous support of the international community. The economic burden of caring for
these victima of civil war is too great for any country to bear alone. The
Secretary-Goneral should be requested to send a humanitarian mission, urgently, to
this region to assess the situation, to report on the magnitude of the requirements
in terms of humanitarian agsistance and to propose arrangements for distributing
this assistance to the displaced persons.

Before concluding, I would like to make it very clear that in calling for a
meeting of the Security Council it was not our intention to interfere in Iraq's

internal affairs. We recognize Article 2, paragraph 7 of the Charter, and believe
EF/4 S/pPV.2982
8

(Mr. _Aksin. Turkey)
that it should be scrupulously observed. The steps we have taken have been taken
because of the threat posed to the stability, security and peace of the region by
Iraq's methods of repression. We firmly support the independence, sovereignty and
integrity of Iraq. We feel that this independence, sovereigmy and integrity should
be protected without resort to methods that will directly affect the security of
Iraq's neighbours. We welcome the news that Iraq has declared an amnesty, and hope
that this will be backed by firm action which will inspire reconciliation and give
confidence to the displaced persons that they can return in safety to their homes
in Iraq.

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I thank the representative
of Turkey for his kind words addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of Pakistan. I invite him to take a
place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. MARKER (Pakistan): Allow me to extend the warm felicitations of my
delegation on your assumption of the presidency of the Security Council. We are
confident that your diplomatic skills, experience and profound knowledge of the
issues before us will guide the work of the Council to a most successful outcome.

I would also like to extend my delegation's appreciation of the excellent
manner in which your predecessor, Ambassador Peter Hohenfellner of Austria,
conducted the deliberations of the Council during the month of March.

Through you, I would also like to extend a warm welcome to Ambassador
Jean-Jacques Bechio, Permanent Represeatative of Cote d'Ivoire to the United
Nations. I am positive that his wisdom, experience and diplomatic expertise will

help the Council in the discharge of its duties.
EF/4 S/PV.2982
9

(Mr. Marker, Pakistan)

We have just witnessed an unfortunate, tragic and bloody war in the Persian
Gulf region. At a time when the region is still reeling under the effects of the
war, and at a time when the devastated and shattered people of Iraq and Kuwait are
struggling for existence under conditions where even the very basic amenities for
living do not exist, we are confronted with a situation in which a large segment of
the population of Iraq continues to suffer death and destruction.

My delegation would wish to emphasize, at the outset, that as a matter of
principle Pakistan is opposed to any form of interference in the internal affairs
of any country, and that this is especially so in the case of a brotherly, Muslim
country, whose territorial integrity must be fully respected. At the same time,
however, we cannot conceal our dismay at the infringement of human rights that is
now taking place in Iraq, and at the continuing death and destruction in that
devastated land.

At an earlier meeting of the Security Council during the recent conflict, my
delegation expressed the anguish and concern of the people of Pakistan at the
casualties suffered by immocent Iraqi civilians as a result of the bombing. The
same sentiments of concern for the safety and welfare of the Iraqi people compels
my delegation to appear once again before the Council and appeal for restraint.

Although the liberation of Kuwait is complete, peace has still not returned to
a large number of people in Iraq who, for the past few weeks, have been the target
of severe repression. The intensity of reprisals and military operations has
forced a large number of the victims, many of them women and children, to abandon
their homes and flee towards the borders of Iran and Turkey. Reportedly,
approximately 220,000 Iraqi refugees are on the Turkish border alone, and a

similarly massive number have sought refuge in Iran.
EF/4 S/PV.2982
10

(Mr, Marker, Pakistan)

For Pakistan, which has provided refuge to more than 3 million Afghans over
the past decade, the plight of Iraqis fleeing their own country is particularly
poignant and distressing. Pakistan has consistently opposed violations of human
rights in all parts of the world, and will continue to raise its voice against
violence in any form. My country is thus deeply concerned at the current violation
of the human rights of the Kurdish and other Iraqi citizens. We appeal for a stop
to the mil tary action and urge compassion and peaceful negotiation in the
settlement of issues.

My delegation will support the Security Council in any action it may take to

achieve these ends and prevent the further loss of precious, human lives.
JB/S S/PV.2982
11

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I thank the representative
of Pakistan for his kind words addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran. I
invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. KHARRAZI (Islamic Republic of Iran): Allow me to begin by expressing
my delegation's felicitations to you, Sir, on your assumption of the presidency of
the Security Council. I am confident that the Council will fully benefit from your
wisdom, experience and leadership in its important tasks during this month. Let me
also thank your predecessor, the Permanent Representative of Austria, who, with his
well-deserved reputation for integrity and professionalism, so ably conducted the
affhirs of the Council last month,

The Islamic Republic of Iran, sharing long borders as well as historical,
religious and culturel ties with Iraq, has witnessed with deep concern and sadness
the developments inside Iraq in the past few months. Throughout the crisis that
began with Irag's occupation of Kuwait, the Islamic Republic of Iran actively
endeavoured to mitigate the suffering of the Iraqi people in both the diplomatic
and the humanitarian fields. Our resolve to refrain from engagement in the
hostilities in spite of all difficulties; our commitment to the territorial
integrity and political independence of regional countries, including Kuwait and
Iraq; our objection to the long-term presence of foreign forces in the region; our
insistence on minimizing the hardship of the Kuwaiti and Iraqi peoples our attempts
to prevent and bring an early end to the bloodshed in the war between Iraq and
coalition forces; our strong objection to the bombardment of civilian quarters
inside Iraq; and our insistence on the necessity of maintaining the sanctity of
holy cities inside Iraq were the major characteristics of our policy vig-a-vig the

racent hostilities.
JB/S §/PV.2982
12

(Mr, Kharragi, Islamic Republic
of Iran)

The very same principles govern our approach to the horrifying developments
inside Iraq today. Again, in spite of all pressures and in the extremely difficult
circumstances resulting from the unprecedented brutality exercised in crushing the
uprising inside Iraq, we have refrained from interfering in the internal affairs of
Iraq. But, as a neighbouring country with very strong bonds of religion and
culture with the Iraqi people, the people and the Government of Iran cannot remain
indifferent to the untold suffering of the Iraqi people and the indiscriminate
measures taken by the Iraql armed forces against innocent civilians, just as we did
not remain silent when the suffering was inflicted by the allied forces.

Motivated by our strong desire to prevemt the unfolding tragedy inside Iraq,
the President of the Islamic Republic of Iran, in the very early stages of the
uprising, called on the Iraqi Government to come to terms with its people, to
submit to its will, and to adopt the approach of accommodation instead of
confrontation and repression. We regret that this call to reason went unheeded
inside the Iraqi leadership, as did our attempts in another context throughout the
tragic military confrontation.

My country has had the humanitarian duty of providing refuge, as of moon
yesterday, to more than 110,000 Iraqi civilians escaping their own Government's
armed forces. Many more have been struggling to cross the borders into Iranm.
According to the latest information, the number of refugees has now exceeded
180,000, including about 120,000 in the north. This shows that the pace of the
influx in the north is unbelievably rapid, while in the south it has subsided, but
continues at a slower pace. The most conservative estimates put the number of
Iraqi civilians who will take refuge in Iran within the next few days at half a

million.
JB/5 §/PV.2982
13-15

(Mc. Eharrazi. Islanic Republic

Other neighbouring countries are also faced with similar flows of civilians
escaping the Iraqi army. This has added another international dimension to the
crisis inside Iraq, threatening the security of the neighbouring countries and
presenting the potential to further destabilize inter-State relations in our
region. Furthermore, the magnitude of the problem of refugees in terms of numbers
and the rate and speed of the influx, and in terms of the severity of the injuries
and problems of some of the refugees, has made dealing effectively with this
humanitarian problem beyond the capability of any one country of the region. Thus,
there is a need for concerted international effort to deal both with the causes of
the crisis and with its immediate symptoms.

In addition to the heavy task of sheltering the innocent victims of this
tragedy, we have listened to gruesome details of horrifying accounts of the
repression narrated by its victims. These accounts, as well as the available
evidence, point towards the use of indiscriminate methods and unconventional
veapons by the Iragi armed forces against the people of the affected areas. These
victims, whose accounts are now corroborated by televised pcitures, talk also of
unprecedented desecration of holy shrines inside Iraq.

It is evident that the situation inside Iraq, due to its gravity and
implications for the neighbouring countries, has consequences that threaten
regional and international peace and security. We believe that it is incumbent
upon the Security Council to take immediate measures to put an early end to the
suffering of the Iragi people.

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I thank the representative
of the Islamic Republic of Iran for his kind words addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of Iraq, on whom I now call.
J8M/ck §/PV.2982
16

Mr. AL-ANBARI (Irag) (interpretation from Arabic): Iraq has suffered
since 6 August of last year - and continues to suffer - from an economic embargo by
land. sea and air. during which the Iragli people have been deprived of even food
and medicine. And as the Council is aware, beginning on 16 January of this year,
the United States and its allies waged round the clock air raids against all cities
and villages in Iraq, laying waste urban and rural areas and killing civilians and
military personnel alike.

The damages caused by such an unprecedented bombing campaign Lave been
summarized by the United Nations mission which recently visited Iraq as having
relegated it to a pre-industrial age, with its economy and basic infrastructure
completely devastated, and all necessary means of daily modern life support for
both civilians and military personnel destroyed.

That was the fruit of the aggression waged against Iraq, an aggression which
led to the well-known consequences. The suffering of the Iraqi people in many
cities and village: - whether because of starvation, the lack of any source of
drinking water or electricity - led many Iraqis, following the destruction of their
homes and their food sources, to seek food, shelter and medicine in the north.

Now we see the very perpetrators of these crimes, of this aggression agaiust
the Iraqi people, shedding crocodile tears for their plight and suffering.

I have had the opportunity, following instructions from my Government, to
present documents condemning the acts of foreign intervention by some adjoining
States - very regrettable acts - to try to sow dissent in the towns and villages of
iraq, in both the south and the north. We have firm evidence, either from those
vho have been imprisoned, or those who have confessed to acts of sabotage and

destruction in many towns and villages in all parts of Iraq - north, south and in
JSM/ck S/pv.2982
17

(Mr. Al-Apbari, Irag)
the middle of the country ~ proving the intervention of these neighbouring States
in the internal affairs of Iraq, and their attempt to destabilize Iraq and perhaps
aven to partition Iraq into many mini-States.

Despite this, we continue to hear that this unjust war was not being waged
against the Iraqi people. Nevertheless, we find, too, that all resolutions of the
Security Council stress respect for the sovereignty and territorial integrity of
Iraq and reject intervention in Iraq's internal affairs. But those very States
continue to attempt to partition Iraq and to annihilate its people; and they
continue t: attempt to intervene in our internal affairs.

This draft resolution itself is a flagrant, illegitimate intervention in
Iraq's internal affairs and a violation of Article 2 of the Charter of the United
Nations which prohibits intervention in the internal affairs of other States.

I believe that, instead of shedding tears, instead of appealing to
international humanitarian organizations to come to the assistance of the Iraqi
people, the Security Council should have undertaken one essential act to lessen the
pressure on and the plight of the Iraqi people: the lifting of the economic
embargo, thus allowing the Iraqi people to buy food, medicine, and all the
amenities to ensure a return to normal life in the country.

We have all seen on our television screens how some saboteurs who penetrated
through the borders have wreaked destruction on many towns and villages in Iraq and
how they have killed many innocent people. What reaction did the Security Council
expect from the Iraqi Government and from the Iragli army? Were we to let these
saboteurs carry out their evil deeds, or wera we to attempt to protect our
civilians and to ensure law and order in the country? This is indeed what took
place, God be thanked. Peace and stability have returned to all corners of our

cherished Iraq. Yes, the saboteurs escaped before facing the Iraqi army. They
JSM/elk §/pPV.2982
18-20

(Mr. Al-Anbari. Iraq)
went beyond the horders to safe haven, and through terror and intimidation on their
way, convinced many innocent citizens, particularly in northern Iraq, to leave and
go towards the northern and eastern international borders of the country.

We have declared that all Iraqi citizens may return at any time to their
cities and homes. Furthermore, the Iraqi Government yesterday declared a general
amnesty to all those who have coatravened the laws, with the exception of those who
have committed major crimes and murder, who will be prosecuted. All others have
been forgiven all crimes and contraventions committed before leaving the country.

On the other hand, this morning, following instructions from my Government, I
informed the President of the Security Council and the Secretary-General of the
Organization that the Iraqi Govermmert welcomes an international mission to be
formed by the Secretary-General or the Security Council in Iraq, with full
guarantees for free movement and communications, so that its members may ascertain
the facts and see things as they stand and then present their report to the Council
or to the Secretary-General.

I had expected that the Security Council would wait and find out the true
facts from such a mission before making haste - which has been its habit in the
past months - and producing a draft resolution which, with all due respect to its
sponsors, or those who would vote in its favour, offers no positive hope for the
Iraqi people, with the exception of its first paragraph. With the exception of
that paragraph, it seems to be a condemnation of the Iraqi Government. It does not
represent a condemnation of the victim alone but, rather, is am attempt to claim

innocence for the aggressois wa asinst Iraq. as well as

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for those States which have attempted to foment dissent in Iraq and sent saboteurs
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to destroy towns and villages in my country.
BCT/edd S/pV, 2982
21

(Mr. Al-Anbari. Iraq)

Rather than condemning those parties, the sponsors of this draft resolution
now call on the Security Council to condemn Iraq, instead of helping it.

I believe that it is the duty of everyone to assist Iraq in this critical
period to stand on its feet again after the destruction wrought upon it ~ to do so,
on the one hand, through lifting all economic sanctions and, on the other, through
waiting for the return of the mission that may be sent by the Secretary-General or
the Security Council to Iraq, in order to ascertain the real facts, without
exaggeration and without the selfish objectives that some may have in mind.

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I should like to inform
members of the Council that I have just received letters from the representatives
of Norway and Portugal in which they request to be invited to participate in the
discussion of the item on the Council's agenda. In conformity with the usual
practice, I propose, with the consent of the Council, to invite those
representatives to participate in the discussion without the right to vote, in
accordance with the relevant provisions of the Charter and rule 37 of the Council's
provisional rules of procedure.

There being no objection, it is so decided.

At the invitation of the President, Mr. Huslid (Norway) and

the Council Chamber.

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): It is my understanding that
the Council is ready to proceed to the vote on the draft resolution before it.
Unless T hear any obhiection. T shall take it that that §

There being no objection, it is so decided.
I shall first call on those members of the Council who wish to make statements

before the voting.
BCT/edd 8/PV.2982
22
Mr. MUNTEANU (Romania): My delegation wishes to make a statement before
the voting on the draft resolution in document §/22448.

At the very outset, my delegation would like to stress that the situation in
Iraq is very serious, indeed alarming. It is quite understandable that the
internationa: community should be deeply concerned by the inhuman armed repression
being carried out on a massive scale by the Iraqi authorities against their own
population. The actions undertaken by Iraq against its population are correctly
described as a violation of all norms of behaviour and of all Iraq's commitments
arising from international legal instruments to respect and protect the fundamental
human rights and freedoms of all its citizens.

As is emphasized in the draft resolution before the Council, this armed
repression has led to a massive flow of refugees across Iraq's international i
frontiers. Im fact, there is a mass exodus of a deeply disturbing magnitude. This
massive flow of refugees is a source of tremendous human suffering. Romania's
position on the gemeral substantive aspect of the draft resolution was recently
expressed by it through its participation in the General Assembly's adoption
without a vote on 18 December 1990 of resolution 45/153, entitled "Human rights and
mass oxoduses”.

Wo are indeed deeply disturbed by the continuing scale and magnitude of
exoduses of refugees and displacements of population in many regions of the world
and by the human suffering of millions of refugees and displaced persons. At the
same time, we are aware of the increasingly heavy burden being imposed.
particularly on poor neighbouring countries but also upon the international
community as a whole, by these sudden mass exoduses and displacements oi
population. Like other countries, we express our concern at the serious and

far-reaching consequences which the presence of massive numbers of refugees has on
BCT/edd §/PV.2982
23

(Mr. Munteanu. Romania)
the security and stability of the neighbouring countries, and the overall negative
impact on their basic infrastructure and social and economic development.

We expect Iraq to guarantee respect for international standards applicable
under international instruments in this field, Ian this regard, Iraq must put an
immediate end to the atrocities against its population, resulting in the uprooting
of a vast number of persons.

At the same time, the international community cannot remain passive in the
face of such tremendous human suffering. Indeed, the international community is
confronted with a great humanitarian problem, and the United Nations system should
do its best to address urgently the critical needs of all the refugees and the
displaced Iraqi population, -

From that point of view, the delegation of Romania commends the delegation of
France for its initiative in preparing the draft resolution before us, which deals
with a real humanitarian issue of dramatic, indeed tragic, proportions. We are
grateful also to you, Mr. President, for the great wisdom and patience you
displayed in the process of negotiating the draft resolution.

Questions pertaining to the situation of various segments or components of
populations from the ethnic, linguistic or religious points of view are matters of
the national jurisdiction of States. In this respect, no one can disregard the
imperative nature of Artinle 2, paragraph 7 of the Charter of the United Nations,
which provides that

“Nothing ccntained in the present Charter shall authorize the United

Nations to intervene in matters which are essentially within the domestic

jurisdiction of any State or shall require the Members to submit such matters

to settlement under the present Charter ...".
We are indeed very happy to see this fundamental provision of the Charter well

reflected in the draft resolution before us.
BCT/edd §/pPV.2982
24-25

(Mr. Munteanu. Romania)

If we agree - and that is the case - that we should deal with an important
humanitarian issue and a real threat to international peace and security, we have
to take into account the fact that the cooperation of all States is needed in order
to solve the issue. We welcome in this respect operative paragraph 6 of the draft
resolution, which contains an appeal addressed to all States and to all
humanitarian organizations to contribute to the humanitarian relief efforts. That
is a very positive element of the draft. Indeed, it is generally recognized in the
United Nations that humanitarian cooperation should make an effective and practical
contribution to the task of preventing mass and flagrant violations of human rights.

We all agree that the armed repression of the Iraqi population can be a
legitimate concern of the international community. Our action in this field should
ba guided by the principles of non-selectivity, by impartiality and objectivity.

By the draft resolution under consideration we should not create a precedent that
could be used - or, rather, misused - in the future for political purposea. If we
want to prove that we have an unbiased and fair approach to the issue under
consideration, we should emphasize its real humanitarian nature, addressing a
special case in the aftermath of the Gulf war, and we should, with a feeling of
responsibility, avoid any potential implications that could jeopardize the present

and future actions of the Security Council.
RM/8 S/PV.2982
26

(Mr, Munteanu. Romania)

Today, Romania is a democratic country carrying on the noble heritage of the
revolution of December 1989. We know well the value of our freedom, and we are
proud of it. We still have in our collective memory the true meaning of the
repression to which the Romanian people were subjected during the old régime.

We are sensitive to the human sufferings of other peoples, and, in the case
under consideration, we are aware of the alarming situation in Iraq and of the
necessity to adopt appropriate measures to put an end to the inhuman repression
being carried out on a massive scale against the Iraqi population. We fully
support such measures.

But we also know that on such an issue the solidarity of the members of the
Security Council is essential. As my delegation has stated on other occasions,
that solidarity is a guarantee of the success of our actions. Therefore, it should
be promoted and protected. No precedent which could erode such a solidarity should
be established; on the contrary, all efforts should be deployed to strengthen our
solidarity.

It is in this framework and in the light of these considerations that my
delegation will vote on the draft resolution in document 8/22448.

Mr. AL-ASHTAL (Yemen)(interpretation from Arabic): It is well known that
wars harm civilian populations first. Indeed, civilian populations are the first
victims of wars. Such is the case in Iraq today. The population of Iraq suffered
for 8 months from the embargo imposed upon Iraq; then the Iraqi people suffered
from the war. Now the Iraqi people are suffering from instability and turmoil and
irom the unrest inside the country.

From the outset the delegation of Yemen opposed tle war, and we have expressed
our support, sympathy and solidarity with the innocent civilian population of

Iraq. We stated that yesterday, and we do so today. We declare our support and
RM/8 8/pPV.2982
27

(Mr._Al-Ashtal. Yemen)
sympathy for the Iraqis who now find themselves prey to every form of suffering
throughout the country, and we call upon the international community to contribute
towards eiforts to alleviate the suffering and pain of the Iragi population. We
would like to take this opportunity to express our thanks to the Secretary-General,
who has mobilized all the energies of the United Nations system to reach out to the
civilian population. We also welcome the offers made by many countries to provide
aid to the Iragi people, whether refugees or otherwise.

We would have supported the present draft resolution had it been confined to
addressing humanitarian issues. There are many bodies within the United Nations
system that are competent to address them. However, the draft resolution now
before the Council, although dealing with the humanitarian issues that face the
Iragi people, focuses on only one area and one category of the Iragi population.

We object to the draft resolution because it attempts to politicize the
humanitarian issue. Indeed, that, in our view, is the thrust of the draft
resolution.

The draft resolution claims that there is a problem threatening international
peace and security. We do not share that view. There is mo conflict or war taking
place across the borders of Iraq with its neighbours. The draft resolution also
refers to political developments within Iraq, but according to Article 2 of the
United Nations Charter it is not within the Council's purview to address internal
issues in any country. Purther, the draft resolution calls for internal dialogue,
and that is obviously an attempt to intervene in the internal affairs of Iraq.

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certain provisions in its text but also on our objection to the fact that the whole
issue is not within the competence of the Security Council. The Security Council

is mandated only to safeguard international peace and security. In our view, the
RM/8 S/PV.2982
28-30

(Mr, _Al-Ashtal, Yemen)
draft resolution sets a dangerous precedent that could open the way to diverting
the Council away from its basic functions and responsibilities for safeguarding
international peace and security and towards addressing the internal affairs of
countries.

We wonder what State, big or small, has no internal problems; what State will
not at some point in time encounter internal difficulties and experience
transborder problems? In our opinion the text of the draft resolution is a first
departure from the rule of maintaining a strict focus on the Council's
responsibilities under the Charter. Over the past 40 years the Council has
consistentl; refrained from intervention in the internal affairs of States.

On Wodnesday of this week, when the Council voted on resolution 687 (1991), I
mentioned in my statement what we view as a growing tendency om the part of the
Security Council to circumvent the Charter of the United Nations. The draft
resolution now before us is yet another example of such circumvention,

We have been told that one of the pillars of the new world order is respect
for law and the rule of law. That statement has given us cause for hope. What we
are witnessing, however, is im point of fact a gradual retreat from law and the
rule of law and, in some cases, an attempt to circumvent the international rule of

law for political ends.
JP/ed 8/PV.2982
31

(Mr. Al-Aghtal, Yemen)

We find this new world order ominous. We see a lack of balance. Indeed,
there is an imbalance here. We see no firm application of law, and unless we are
extremely careful this may lead to a change of the rules that have contributed to
stability over the past four decades. It is indeed a strange world, and we may be
in for many surprises.

Mr, ZENENGA (Zimbabwe): The draft resolution we are about to vote on
addresses a very complex and delicate situation. 2imbabwe believes that a domestic
political conflict lies at the core of the situation in the areas of Iraq referred
to in the draft resolution.

We recognize that a serious humanitarian situation has arisen as a result of
these developments. Iowever, this is in our view essentially an internal matter,
as defined in paragraph 7 of Article 2 of the Charter. It is our view that
addressing this situation in the manner suggested by the draft resolution would be
inconsistent with the clear parameters of the Council's competence as provided for
in the Charter.

The draft resolution refers directly to the confrontation between the
Government of Iraq and its population. It prescribes specific measures which it
expects the Government of Iraq to take in reselving what is a domestic conflict.

In our view, this would be inconsistent with the Charter. It also contradicts what
the draft resolution states in its second preambular paragraph.

The humanitarian situation emanating from the pregent circumstances causes us
great concern. We have taken note of the concerns expressed by the Governments of
both Turkey and the Islamic Republic of Iran. However, we believe that the serious
humanitarian situation and the question of refugees can be adequately addressed by

the appropriate organs of the United Nations. The Secretary-Gemeral has on many
JP/ed S/PV.2982
32

(Mr, _2Zenenga, Zimbabwe)
occasions taken prompt and appropriate action to alleviate the suffering of
r2fucees through the specialized agencies when similar situations have arisen. The
rvesent situation should be treated no differently.

While we realize that the humanitarian dimensions affect neighbouring States,
we do not believe that this in any way makes the internal conflict in Iraq an issue
that the Council should be seized of. .

Mc. AYALA LASSO (Ecuador) (interpretation from Spanish): For several
days the press has been bringing us tragic news of events affecting the Iraqi
population. The tragedy that has been described to us is undoubtedly grave. It
has shocked the entire civilized community of nations. There is no country in
which comments have not been made about what has been happening in Iraq and in
which peoples have not expressed their rejection of the situation and their demand
that the international community act to remedy the situation. The acts of violence
and cruelty that have occurred do violence to the spirit of the civilized
community.

It is against this background that we are now considering the draft resolution
that France has submitted to the Council for its consideration in document §/22448.

In order to take a position on the subject, Ecuador has most carefully studied
two fundamental principles of the United Nations Charter. The first is that of
unrestricted respect for human rights. In the Charter's preamble we see that the
peoples of the United Nations are determined

“to reaffirm faith in fundamental human rights, in the dignity and worth of

the human person,”
and

“to save succeeding generations from the scourge of war".

We see that we are determined to make a world in which the human race can live.
JP/ed $/PV.2982
33-35

(Mr, Ayala Lasso, Ecuador)

Any society - civilian or political, national or international - must be
anthropocentric, in the sense that society is born for the human being and is for
the good of the human being. Therefore, respect for the essence of the human being
is a universal requirement which must be accepted and must be demanded.

Ecuador has accepted all commitments and subscribed to all agreements on human
rights, and our record in this respect has never been questioned. I cannot tell
the Council that there have been no shortcomings, because all human endeavours are
subject to shortcomings, but there is no doubt that my country has always followed
a policy of unconditional, unrestricted respect for human rights.

That is perhaps why over a decade ago Ecuador submitted an initiative to a
number of Latin American countries that led to the signing of a document entitled
“Charter of Conduct”, the third paragraph of which states:

"The Presidents of the countries subscribing to the document reiterate their

solemn commitment to the fact that respect for human, political, economic and

social rights constitutes a fundamental norm of the internal conduct of the

countries of the Andean Group, that their defence is an international

obligation to which States are committed, and that therefore joint action in

defence of those rights does not violate the principle of non-intervention.”
My country has regarded that doctrine as one of the pillars of its policy on human
rights.

The second principle is that of non-intervention in the internal affairs of
other States, The United Nations Charter considers that to be one of the main
pillars of the community of nations and the ability of nations to work together

effectively.
EF/10 S/pv.2982
36

(Mr. Ayala Lasso, Ecuador)
It is a principle which must be completely respected today, tomorrow and for ever.
It is a principle which admits of no question, and must be given our complete
support.

None the less, the application of this principle prompts us to think that the
international community cannot remain indifferent to what is happening in Iraq. It
might perhaps have been a question of internal jurisdiction in Iraq, if the
situation had not gone beyond the borders of the country. The phenomenon which we
are considering, in fact, has now reached the borders of neighbouring countries;
the use of forc2 has now been extended up to the borders of two of those
neighbouring countries; the human pressures that the displaced communities of over
1 million people are exerting on those borders constitute, my delegation believes,
a threat to international peace and security. In other words, this is a situation
that goes beyond the sphere of the internal affairs of a State; it is a situation
which is affecting international relations and may become a threat to peace. This
has been the understanding of those countries which have sent communications to the
Council condemning these events, communicating their concern and requesting action
to prevent their being directly and immediately affected.

It might be said that, even assuming that the measures I have just set out are
taken, the Security Council would not be the body competent to take them, given
that Chapter IX of the Charter says that it is the General Assembly or the Economic
and Social Council which would be the competent bodies in such situations.

This would be so - I repeat - if we were dealing solely with a case of
violation of human rights by a country within its own frontiers; however, once
again I say that this is a situation which affects international peace and
security, and I therefore believe that the Council is competent to take a stand and

to act by taking steps to put an end to this situation.
EF/10 S/PV.2982
37

(Mr. Ayala Lasso. Ecuador)

It is Ecuador's hope that Iraq will put an end to this persecution, that it
will put an end to this indiscriminate violence against communities which are part
of that nation, and that respect for the rights of those communities will be
re-established.

I read just a short time ago that one of those communities had complained
publicly of having had a shortage of friends throughout its history, and I think
we, all the peoples of the world, should shew that community that it does have
friends and that we are concerned about its present aad its future.

The statements we have just heard to the effect that the Government of Iraq
has extended an amnesty are commendable: of course, we are nct aware of the details
of this amnesty, which will certainly have conditions attached, but it is something
which may be a step in the right direction.

We also believe that it is encouraging that Iraq has expressed its readiness
to accept a fact-finding mission; the Secretary-Gemeral will certainly have taken
note of this offer, and will act under one of thc provisions of the draft
resolution now before us.

Taking into account that in the text of the resolution we see clear mention
made of paragraph 7 of Article 2 of the Charter and also because of the fact that
the situation under consideration is a threat to international peace and security,
requiring us all to do everything in our power to see to it that this world is a
better world for its inhabitants - the human beings whose future we are
considering - Ecuador will vote in accordance with the above principles.

Mr. EIBIDI NGOVURA (Zaire) (interpretation from French): Once again, the
delegation of Zaire would like to wish you, Sir, every success in your work as
President of the Security Council for the month of April.

I should like to avail myself of this opportunity to tell the Ambassador of

Austria how impressed we were with his many intellectual and diplomatic qualities,
EF/10 S/PV.2982
3s

(Mr. Kibidi Ngovuka, Zaire)
all of which enabled him to do an excellent job as President of the Council
throughout the month of March.

We are called upon to vote upon a draft resolution submitted by France.
Yesterday, in informal consultations, we stated clearly that the issue raised in
that resolution was strictly humanitarian, since the repression of the Kurds and
other Iraqis is forcing them to leave their homeland and seek refuge in
neighbouring countries, especially Turkey and Iran.

We believe that this situation has to do with the internal policy of Irag, but
that it could have consequences which might result in a threat to international
peace and security. In order to prevent any deterioration in the political and
economic situation in the countries of a region which has been hard hit by two
successive wars waged by Iraq against Iran and then by Iraq against Kuwait, my
country will vote in favour of this resolution.

Wo are aware that, while the United Nations Charter cannot be tampered with,
as to do 80 would weaken the Council's credibility, we must, however, in this
particular case be far-sighted indeed if we are to avoid the occurrence of the
worst in the Gulf region.

We are, therefore, pleased that the sponsors of the draft resolution have
agraed to the inclusion in its preamble of a reference to Article 2, paragraph 7 of
the Charter.

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I thank the reprosentative
of Zaire for his kind words addressed to me.

Mr. BECHIO (Cote 4°'YIvoire) (interpretation from French): The
Secretary-General, Mr. Perez de Cuellar, in his first report on the United Nations,
in 1982, elaborated on the idea of enhancing the authority of the United Nations,
stressing the fact that the United Nations might play a preventive role in helping

maintain the peace. He indicated that Governments can, in many ways, help
EF/10 S/PV. 2982
39-40

(Mk. Bechio, Cite d'Ivoire)
strengthen the system set forth in the Charter, and one of these ways is, he said,
to appesl to the Security Council, and not to walt until the last minute to do so,
If the Council were to monitor dangerous situations closely. and if it were to have
discussions with the parties involved before reaching a critical threshold in a
situation, perhaps we could often resolve disputes before they degenerated into
couflicts.

The recent war in the Gulf, and the consequences thereof, which we have
unceasingly deplored, shed new light on these wise words of the Secretary-General,
and encourages the Security Council towards the preventive action it should take as

part of its role in maintaining international peace and security.
JB/11 S/PV.2982
41

(Mr, Bechio, Cote d'Ivoire)

It {3 a secret to no one that the massive exodus of the Kurdish population
fleeing repression in Iraq threatens “he stability of the host States.
Furthermore, the countries concerned, and in particular Iraq's neighbours, have
brought the situation before the Security Council. They have expressed their
concern at this large influx of refugees and have also indicated that shots have
been fired across the borders. Can the Council turn a deaf ear to their cry for
help and take refuge behind the banner of non-interference in the internal affairs
of another State?

We have before us a draft resolution which, we must say, is far from
commanding the unanimous approval of the members. Reasoning has been put forward
on all sides that can be defended from different standpoints. But my delegation
feels that we should not focus on the points that divide us, but rather work in the
quest for a consensus on the basis of elements and facts that are known to
everyone, To this, we must add the pressing humanitarian problem posed by these
refugees. JIudeed, tons of thousands of men, women and children are subject to the
elements, to hunger, to bombing. Can the Security Council be indifferent to so
much human misery and suffering by invoking its incompetence to deal with
humanitarian issues such as these, as some maintain?

Someone said yesterday that we should not lose sight of the fact that the
longer we debate, the longer the list of victims will be. Neighbouring countries
have drawn our attention to the possibility of a breach of international peace and
security and to the danger that this massive exodus poses.

My delegation believes that if an end is not put to this brutal rapression. if
urgent humanitarian assistance is not deployed as soon as possible, wa can expect
developments that may come as a shocking surprise to us. The draft resolution

before us, we believe, meets these concerns.
JB/11 §/PV.2982
42

(Mc. Bechio, Cote d'Ivoire)

In any event, Cote d'Ivoire intends to support actions aimed at putting an end
to this painful situation. I cannot conclude without reaffirming my country's
respect for the principles of non-intervention in the internal affairs of other
States and of the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of
States. Indeed, Cote d'Ivoire remains convinced that only respect by all States
for those principles cherished by the United Nations and by the Non-Aligned
Movement can make it possible for the United Nations to achieve the goal of
universal peace and brotherhood.

Mr. ALARCON DE QUESADA (Cuba) (interpretation from Spanish): Throughout
the consultations that we had yesterday, and during this meeting as well, reference
has been made to the relationship that exists between the problem before us and
certain principles and norms contained in the Charter of the United Nations. I
believe that we all agree about the importance of Article 2, paragraph 7, of the
Charter, which has been recalled in the preamble of the draft resolution before
us.

In our view, the Security Council and all) of the United Nations are duty bound
to comply with that Article, whose text woe nevd not reread. But they also have the
duty to see to it that that fundamental principle is not violated.

We were struck by the fact that, thus far, no reference has been made in our
deliberations to certain information which is in the public domain and which
indicates how clearly at least ono permanent member of the Council for some time
now has been involved in activities that do intervene in Iraqi internal affairs and
that are closely related to the issues now before the Council. I am certain that
The New York Timeg is widely read among us and that some saw in yesterday's issue

the few paragraphs that I shall now read out,
JB/11 S/PV,.2982
43

(Mc. Alarcon de Quesada, Cuba)
(spoke in English)

"The Associated Press, quoting ’'intelligence sources,’ reported today
that in January, around the time he was publicly exhorting the Iragi people to
overthrow Saddam Hussein, Mr. Bush signed secret orders authorizing the C.I.A.
to aid rebel factions iuside Iraq.

“The orders were described as granting broad and gemeral authority for
clandestine activities to undermine Mr. Hussein and to support efforts by
opposition forces inside Iraq.

“The AP said it did not know to what extent the CIA authority might have
been used.

“Mr. Bush recently sidestepped reporters’ questions about any contacts
between the United States and Iraqi rebels. And, asked about such
collaboration at a congressional hearing two weeks ago, Defense Secretary Dick
Cheney said only, ‘That's a subject I can't get into in open session’'." (New
Xoxk Timeg, 4 April 1991. p. 10)

(continued ip Spanish)

Clearly, what Mr. Cheney could not discuss in public has quite a lot to do
with a situation that is in violation of the principle of non-intervention, a
principle with which the permanent members of the Security Council and the other
members of the internaticnal community must comply.

Thus, if we are really going to express concern about the conflict which, we
are informed, continues on Iraqi territory, we have no right to disregard the fact
that, in an open way ~ in a way that has been very difficult to conceal ~ it has
been revealed that a major Power is involved in efforts to overthrow the Government
of Iraq and to intervene in the internal struggle which, it is reported, is

occurring in that country.
JB/11 S/PV,.2982
41-435

(Mr. Alarcon de Quesada, Cuba)

This, in any event, 1s the issue on which, in accordance with the Charter, the
Security Council would have power to decide. But to speak of the internal
situation in Iraq, of the instability that may prevail throughout or in part of
that country, to disregard the fact that a major Power has beem overtly promoting
and organizing such activity, is to say the least inconsistent.

The text of the draft resolution submitted to us glosses over that political
aspect of the situation and in more than one paragraph refers to questions that are
clearly part of the internal jurisdiction of the State of Iraq, contradicting the
preambular paragraph in which the Council recalls paragraph 7 of Article 2 of the

Chaster.
JSM/ck S§/PV.2982
46

(Mr. Alarcon de Quesada. Cuba)

It has also been said that, in any event, there are humanitarian concerns over
the plight of civilians, of women, children and the elderly, to which the
international community should devote its attention. We believe these are
legitimate concerns but we feel that the members of the Council do not possess
divine powers but, rather, have obligations that have been entrusted to them by all
the Members of the United Nations and that are reflected in the Charter.

If it is felt that the international community should show concern for the
humanitarian aspects of a question, then the Security Council simply has no right
to do so in a way which the Charter specifically precludes. The Security Council
has every right in the world to fulfil its role and to exercise its powers. In
other words, it has every right in the world to act in accordance with Article 24,
paragraph 2, which states that

“the specific powers granted to the Security Council for the discharge of

{its] duties are laid down in Chapters VI, VII, VIII and XII".

Those are the four Chapters under which the Security Council has specific powers
granted to it by the entire membership of the United Nations. Those Chapters do
not include the questions of a humanitarian nature about which concern has been
expressed in this Chamber. The Charter devotes Chapter IX to those questions. The
drafters of the Charter clearly established in Article 60 of Chapter IX that

“Responsibility for the discharge of the functions of the Organization set

forth in this Chapter shall be vested in the General Asgembly".

The Security Council simply has no right to violate the principle of
uob-intesveniion. It has no right to intervene unduly in the internal affairs of
any State. It has no right to intervene unduly in matters within the competence of
other organs of the Organization. If the Security Council considers that a subject
is important and requires urgeat action, the Charter provides the channels for that

purpose,
JsM/ck §/PV,.2982
47

(Mr. Alarcon de Quesada, Cuba)

I wonder why it has not been possible to follow the procedure laid down in the
Charter in Article 20, which states:

“The General Assembly shall meet in regular annual sessions and in such
special sessions as occasion may require. Special sessions shall be convoked

by the Secretary-General at the request of the Security Council or of a

majority of the Members of the United Nations."

It would be extremely simple for the Council to combine the concern that has
been expressed at this situation with respect for this little blue book, which hes
increasingly become a clandestine document of our Organization.

The General Assembly could easily be convened tomorrow by the Security
Council, thereby enabling the item to be considered and decisions to be taken
rapidly. It would not be the first time the General Assembly has been convened on
an urgent basis. But what would the difference be? The Aifference would be that
we would be respecting the Charter and would not be taking a course that allows
this organ to assume powers that it does not possess, functions that no one has
given it; a course of action that makes us depart from the letter and spirit of the
Charter and that turns the Organisation into a system dominated by an oligarchical
group which attributes to itself powers that no one has given it and therefore
imposes its will on the entire Organization. |

I beliove that if it is important and legitimate and appropriate for us to be
concerned at the situation of the civilian population in Iraq and other parts of
the world, it is equally important, legitimate and appropriate - and even more
ent . for the Mamhers of the United Nations to show their concern about stemming
the tandency to manipulate the Security Council and the Organization into
conforming with the convenience and interests of just a few of the Members, because

this is something that affects the entire world, the civilian populations of all
JSM/ck S/PV.2982
48-50

(Mr. Alarcon de Ouesada, Cuba)
countries, whether or not they are members of the Security Council, and the most
cherished and legitimate interests of the entire international community,

It is also a bit surprising to see the Security Council dealing with
humanitarian aspects or consequences affecting the civilian population in Iraq
when, at the same time, the Council has been extremely reluctant to consider the
situation on the basis of specific, objective, impartial reports submitted to it at
its own request.

I have no doubt whatsoever that there are thousands of displaced persons in
Iraq, thousands of refugees, thousands of persons seeking refuge and shelter and
better living conditions. No one can have any doubt about that. We have received
a report from the Secretary-General, prepared on the basis of Mr. Ahtisaari's
mission. The Council expressed its satisfaction with the mission and indicated
that immediate action would be taken in connection with it.

In this report Mr. Ahtisaari described the situation before the beginning of
the bombing of Irag. He said:

“Sanctions decided upon by the Security Council had already adversely affected

the country's ability to feed its people. (§/22366, para. 11)

This was the case before the degtruction that we all know was launched against
the country and that Mr. Ahtisaari describes in his report.

The draft resolution would establish that Iraq must allow immediate access by
international humanitarian organizations to all those in need of assistance in all
parts of Iraq, and must “make available all necessary facilities for their
operations”, In voting on this phrase shall we be acting seriously? Has not
Mr, Ahtisaari told us on more than one occasion what the transportation situation
is in Iraq, what the situation is in Irag with regard to its destroyed

infrastructure?
BCT/edd 5/pV.2982

what

51

(Mc. Alarcon de Quesada, Cuba)
For oxample., Aid not Mr. Ahtissaari tell us the following in his report:
“Underlying each analysis is the inexorable reality that, as a result of war,
virtually all previously viable sources of fuel and power (apart from a
limited number of mobile generators) and modern means of communication are
now, essentially, defunct. The far-reaching implications of this energy and
communications vacuum as regards urgent humanitarian support are of crucial
significance for the nature and effectiveness of the international response"?
(822366. para, 9) .
Are we forgetting what Mr, Ahtissaari has said in his conclusions? This is
we read in the reports
"... it will be difficult, if not impossible, to remedy these immediate
humanitarian needs without dealing with the underlying need for energy, on an
equally urgent basis. The need for energy means, initially, emergency oil
imports aud the rapid patching up of a limited refining and electricity
production capacity, with essential supplies from other countries. Otherwise,
food that is imported cannot be preserved and distributed; water cannot be

purified; sewage cannot be pumped away and cleansed; crops cannot be

‘irrigated; medicements cannot be conveyed where they are required; ueeds

cannot even be effectively assessed". (ibid.. para, 37)

Mr. Ahtissaari recommended that the Security Council at least 1ift those

sanctions that have a basic offect on the ability to feed the civilian population

and to face the serious health situation in Iraq.

The very same Security Council that only recently decided to maintain strict

contrcl over Irag and to maintain the sanctions is now supposedly expressing

humanitarian concerns about the population of Iraq, while disregarding the

realities and the fact that the political problems existing in Iraq itself are
BCT/edd S/PV.2982
52

(Mr. Alarcon de Quesada, Cuba)
not unrelated to the actions of intervention by a major Power; what is worse, it is
disregarding the very clear obligations that the members of the Council had before
entering this Chamber, that they have during this meeting, that they will have at
the time of voting, and that they will have in the future - that is, the
obligations to act strictly in accordance with the functions granted to it by the
Organization and not to think that the gods have given them permission to deal with
various world problems in accordance with the interests of a transitory majority.

My delegation will vote on the draft resolution in accordance with those

considerations.
Ihe PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I shall now put the draft
resolution in document S$/22448 to the vote.

A vote was taken by show of hands.

In_favougs Austria, Belgium, CSte d'Ivoire, Ecuador, France, Romania, Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics, United Kingdom of Great Britain
and Northern Ireland, United State: of America, Zaire

Against: Cuba, Yemen, Zimbabwe

Abstaining: China, India

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from Premch): The result of the voting is
as follows: 10 votes in favour, 3 against and 2 abstentions. The draft resolution
has been sdopted as resolution 688 (1991).

i shall now call on those members of the Security Council who wish to make

statements following the voting.
BCT/edd §/PV.2982
53

Mr. BOCHEREAU DE LA SABLIERE (France) (interpretation from French): What
does the Charter of the United Nations tell us? It opens with the following words:
“We the peoples of the United Nations, determined to save succeeding
generations from the scourge of war, ... to reaffirm faith in fundamental
human rights, in the dignity and worth of the human person".
Those words announce an ambition. The League of Nations failed because it
reflected only a dream. Faced with the reality - that is, the determination of
certain States to exercise aggressive power - the dream was unable to resist the
upheavals of history.

The United Nations has shown its effectiveness by putting an end to the
aggression against one of its Members. The Security Council, which has adopted no
fewer than 14 resolutions designed to restore peace and security in the region,
would have been remiss in its task had it stood idly by, without reacting to the
massacre of entire populations, the extarmination of civilians, including women and
children,

The civilian populations, Rurds in particular, already so sorely tried in the
past, are once again the victims of armed violence. It is a matter of urgency that
an end be put to the brutal repression of the Iraqi population and that all Iraqis
be able to claim, within Iraq, respect for their rights and their identity.

Violations of human rights such as those now being observed become a matter of
international interest whem they take on such proportions that they assume the
dimension of a crime against humanity. That is indeed what is happening in Iraq.
The influx of refugees, the continued fighting in the border areas, the increasing
number of massacres ars arousing indignation and are threatening international
peace and security in the ragion.

That is why France took the initiative of putting before the Security Council

the text of the resolution we have just adopted. This text is at one and the same
BCT/edd S/PV.2982
54-58%

(Mz. Rochereauy de la Sabliere,
France)

time a condemnation of the repression against Iraqi civilian populations in many
parts of Iraq - particularly in the Kurdish area, but also in the South - an appeal
for respect for the human and political rights of all Iraqi citizens, without
discrimination, and a demand addressed to Iraq to allow immediate access by
international humanitarian organizations to all those who need assistance in all
parts of Iraq.

In our view, these demands are the minimum that the members of the
international community must make in order to live up to the commitments they
entered into when they adhered to the Charter of the United Nations, They are the
minimum reflection of the faith they have expressed in the equality of rights of
men and women in all nations; the most obvious expression of the guarantee they
have given that no uge will be made of the force of arms, except in the common
interest.

Therefore, France hopes that the end of a painful conflict will be, for all
those who have suffered from it on their own soil, the beginning of a genuine peace.

Mc. LI Daoyy (China) (interpretation from Chinese): We are concerned
with the situation in Iraq and the huge influx of refugees into Turkey and Iran, as
described in the letters from the Permanent Representatives of those two countries,
and we wish to express sympathy for the difficulties confronting Turkey and Iran as
a result of that influx. However, this is a question of great complexity, because

the internal affairs of a country are also involved.
JP/ed §/PV.2982
56

(Mec. Li Daoyu, China)

According to paragraph 7 of Article 2 of the Charter, the Security Council
should not consider or take action om questions concerning the internal affairs of
any State.

As for the international aspects involved in the question, we are of the view
that they should be settled through the appropriate channels.

We support the Secretary-Gemeral in rendering humanitarian assistance to the
refugees through the relevant organizations.

Based on the position I have just set out, we abstained in the vote on the
resolution.

Mr. HOHENFELLNER (Austria): When I addressed the Council only two days
ago, I expressed my country's grave concern about reports of heavy fighting and
bloodshed in Iraq, with disastrous consequences for the civilian population, in
particular in the area inhabited by Kurds and others. In the meantime, this
situation has taken on an even more alarming Aimension. Both Turkey and Iran have
brought to the Council's urgent attention massive flows of Iragi refugees towards
and across their borders. Turkey has informed us about the plight of some 220,000
Iragi citizens, many of them women and children, massed elong the Turkish border;
their number has since increased to some 500,000. Iran estimates that about an
equal number of refugees will try to cross the border into Iran within the next few
days. More than 110,000 Iraqi civilians have already dome so, fleeing from
repression by Iraqi Government forces.

This enormous flow of refugees constitutes an important factor of tension and
potential destabilization in the countries neighbouring Iraq, thus posing a serious
threat to peace and security in the region. With a view to safeguarding
appropriate conditions for providing the civilian population with the necessary

humanitarian assistance, Austria supported the Prench and Turkish iniviatives to
Jp/ed S/PV.2982
57

(Mr. Hohenfellner. Austria)
ensure that the Council fulfilled its duties and responsibilities under the Charter
for the maintenance of international peace and security and urgently pronounced
itself on this pressing issue.

The resolution just adopted addresses as a matter of urgency the issue of
humanitarian relief to the refugees and the displaced Iraqi population. My country
considers it of the utmost importance that immediate access to all Iraqi civilians
in all part of Iraq be given to the international humanitarian organizations and
that Irag make available, to the extent feasible, all necessary facilities for
their operation. The least the Council can do is to lend its full, strongest
possible support for a massive humanitarian effort by the Secretary-General and the
relevant United Nations agencies. Austria has alrsady taken the first steps to
provide humanitarian emergency ald to the refugee population concerned. In view of
the exceptionally grave situation, Austria has asked the Government of Turkey to
open its borders to the refugees.

Me. PICKERING (United States of America): The United States warmly
welcomes the adoption of resolution 688 (1991).

The United States is profoundly concerned about the plight of displaced
civilians in Iraq, who are suffering because of the brutality of the Iraqi regime.
This problem has tragic human consequences and presents serious implications for
regional peace and security. We are gratified that the Security Council has
addressed it on an urgent basis. This is, of course, a specific case which has
arisen in the aftermath of the Gulf crisis.

President Bush has condemned the Iraqi Government's continued attacks against
its own citizens - Kurds and Shiia and all the others, men, women and children,
seeking to flee repression. We have called on Iraq's leaders to halt these attacks

immediately and to allow international relief organizations to help these desperate
Jp/ed S/PV. 2982
58

(Mr, Pickering, United States)
people. We have demanded that Iraq facilitate the work of the appropriate
international organizations to ensure that vital humanitarian aid reaches those in
need throughout the country.

This resolution expresses the concern of the Council over the situation in
Iraq, and the Council's condemnation of the Iraqi Government's continued violence
towards its own people. The resolution insists that Iraq meet its humanitarian
responsibilities. It is not the roie or the intention of the Security Council to
interfere in the internal affairs of any country. However, it is the Council's
legitimate responsibility to respond to the concerns cf Turkey and the Islamic
Republic of Iran, concerns increasingly shared by other neighbours of Iraq, about
the massive numbers of people fleeing, or disposed to flee, from Iraq across
international frontiers because of the repression and brutality of Saddam Hussein.
The transboundary impact of Iraq's treatment of its civilian population theeatens
regional stability. That is what the Council has addressed tcday.

The United States fully supports the resolution, and it urges all States to
heed the Council's call to provide assistance to those in need. Throughout the
crisis created by Irag's invasion of Kuwait the United States has contributed
generously to the care and maintenance of those displaced by the inhumane policies
of the Iragi Government. We will respond similarly to this latest example of
inhumanity.

President Bush has just announced, this afternoon, his decision to undertake a
major new effort by the United States, in light of the current tragedy, to assist
Iragi refugees and displaced persons. Begining this Suzdsy, the United ftates adr
Force will drop into morthe:+ Iraq food, blankets, clothing, tents and other
relief-related items for suffering civilians. We expect the Government of Iraq to

permit this effort to take place without interference.
JP/ed S/pv.2982
59-60

(Mc. Pickering, United States)

We wil) also be consulting with the United Nations and coalition partners on
how best to assist these people over the longer term. President Bush will shortly
sign an order authorizing up to $10 million in additional aid for refugees in the
region; we have already provided some $35 million in aid to refugees since the
beginning of this crisis. Our military will continue to help displaced persons in
southern Iraq, and we are willing to send a military medical unit to the Turkish
border area to assist. We shall also be communicating to the Government of Iran
our willingness to encourage and to contribute to relief efforts for refugees
there. And we will be making additional contributions to the United Nations
Children's Fund and the International Committee of the Red Cross for inoculation
programmes to benefit children and civilians in Iraq.

President Bush has asked Secretary Baker to travel to Turkey, on his trip to
the Middle East, to meet with President Ozal and to visit the border area im order
to assess the situation personally and report back. It is our earnest hope that
the resolution we have adopted today will send a clear message to Iraq and generate
the desired response so that the suffering of its people can be alleviated and will
stop.

Mr, VORONTSOV (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) (interpretation from
Russian): The Soviet Union reacted with understanding and concern to the appeal
made to the Security Council by Turkey and Iran in connection with the extremely
alarming situation that has come about on the borders with Iraq and the threat it
has created to international peace and gecurity in the zegionm.

Hundreds of thousands of peaceful inhabitants. including wamen. the aldarly
and children, barefoot and hungry, are fleeing from Iraq along snow-covered

mountain paths under artillery fire and bombardments, trying to save their lives.
RM/15 §/PV.2982
61

(Mr. Vorontsov, USSR)
As we have seen from reports, the hostilities are already threatening to spill over
into neighbouring countries. Tho continued worsening of the situation in the
region, which is quite close to our own borders, cannot fail to arouse serious
concern in the Soviet Union, and the situation is viewed with concern in many other
countries. We agree with the view expressed by the Permanent Representative of
Iran to the United Nations to the effect that the consequences that these events
have for regional peace and security call for joint action by the Security Council
from both the political and the humanitarian standpoint.

In its approach to the problems that are brought before the United Nations the
Soviet Union firmly adheres to the principle of the inadmissibility of interference
in the internal affairs of sovereign States, as set forth in the relevant
provisions of the United Nations Charter. Wo therefore believe it important that
reference is made in the very beginning of the resolution to Article 2,
paragraph 7, of the Charter. Whatever conclusions are to be drawn from the Kuwait
venture, this is a matter for the Iraqi people to solve. The sovereignty,
territorial integrity and political independence of Iraq must be ensured. However,
it is the duty of the Security Council and of the world community as a whole to put
an end to the conditions that are forcing hundreds of thousands of peaceful
inhabitants to leave their homeland and seek refuge in neighbouring countries; this
is creating a destabilizing situation in the area and posing the threat of a new
international conflict.

It is for that reason that the Security Council has drawn attention to the
is the
hostilities and repression being visited upon broad sectors of Iraq's civilian

population. With other members of the Security Council, the Soviet Union cannot

remain indifferent to the new sufferings of the Iraqi people, who have already been
RM/15 §/pV,2982
62

(Mr. Vorontsov, USSR)
forced to bear an onerous burden and many privations. We therefore fully support
the noble efforts of the United Nations Secretary-Gemeral, including his dispatch
of a special mission to Iraq, as well as the efforts being made by the relevant
United-Nations specialized agencies and international and national humanitarian
organizations, to do everything possible to alleviate the situation of the refugees
and to solve the humanitarian problems of the entire Iragi people.

Based on the foregoing considerations, the Soviet Union voted in favour of the
draft resolution sponsored by the delegation of France and other countries, which
has now become Security Council resolution 688 (1991).

Mr. GHAREKHAN (India): Throughout this tragic crisis my delegation has
consistently made one point: its concern for the sufferings and loss of life of
innocent people. My delegation is fully aware of the extremely unsettled
conditions in Iraq and the horrendous toll they are taking on the people.

Only where such conditions, including indiscriminate use of force, result in a
clear threat to international peace nd security would it be within the competence
of the Security Council to address the issue. My delegation is seriously concerned
at the massive exodus of civilians from Iraq that has resulted from what is
happening in that unfortunate land. The international community should be
concerned enough to offer them sSuccour and to demand that conditions be created to
enable them to return to their homes in safety and in dignity. It should not
prescribe what should be done, for that would impinge on the internal affairs of
States.

In the situation as it pravaile in tha ragion

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all sides and expects them mot to do anything that might further aggravate it. In
our deliberations and decision-making within the Council, we should at all times

keep in mind the need to respect the sovereignty and territorial integrity of
RM/15 S/PV.2982
63

(Mr. Gharekhan. India)
States - including, in this case, of Iraq. This is a cardinal principle in
international relations that deserves to be reiterated ia the Council.

The Council, my delegation feels, should give serious consideration to the
statement of the Permanent Representative of Iraq today inviting the
Secretary-General or the Council to send a fact-finding mission to his country.

My delegation had the opportunity to consult closely with the sponsors of the
resolution just adopted. Our endeavour was to focus the attention of the Council
on the aspect of the threat or likely threat to peace and stability in the region
rather than on the factors that have created the present situation. We believe
that the Council should have concentrated on the aspect of peace and security,
which is its proper mandate under the Charter, and left the other aspects to other,
more appropriate organs of the United Natioms. It was in that spirit that we had
suggested to the sponsors some amendments to make the resolution more balanced and
appropriate for this body. The response we received was serious, and we appreciate
it. My delegation welcomes the inclusion of a reference to Article 2, paragraph 7,
of the Charter, which is an element that improves the resolution.

However, the sponsors did not £ind it possible to accept the basic thrust of
our amendments. This explains why we abstained in the voting.

Sir David HANNAY (United Kingdom): My delegation is delighted to see
this resolution adopted and to have cosponsored it. Our only regret is that it
should have taken so long for the Council to respond to the human tragedy which has
been unfolding before our eyes in the mountains of northern Iraq during recent
days. We have a way here of making even simple matters complicated, and I fear
that the Council‘'s recently acquired and well-justified reputation for decisiveness
has taken a bit of dent in the last day or two.

But now we are moving ahead again, and we have adopted a resolution which

accomplishes two crucial tasks. The first is, it sends a strong and clear message
RM/15 §/PV.2982
64-65

(Sir David Hannay, United Kingdom)
to the Government of Irag that it must stop the repression, the harrying and the
killing of innocent men, women and children which is at the root of this massive
exodus into Turkey and Iran.

Secondly, it gives firm backing to the Secretary-General, to the United
Nations specialized agencies and to all the governmental and non-governmental
organizations whose efforts are now so urgently needed if even more lives are not
to be lost. It has been argued in our debates that this action is in some way
outside the scope of the Security Council, that it is an entirely internal matter.
My delegation cannot accept that, and I am glad the resolution makes clear that it
is not so. For one thing, Article 2, paragraph 7, an essential part of the
Charter, does not apply to matters which, under the Charter, are not essentially
domestic, and we have often seen human rights - for example in South
Africa - defined in that category. In any case, the Turkish and Iranian letters to
the Council make it clear that there is a very real threat here to international

peace and security. The huge surge of refugees is destabilizing the whole region.
EF/16 S/PV.2982
66

(Sir David Hannay. United Kingdom)

Thirdly, there are Iraq's international obligations, under Article 3 of the
Geneva Conventions of 1949, to protect, in the case of internal armed conflicts,
all innocent civilians from violence of all kinds to life and person. Now, all
this fully justifies the action by the Security Council. The humanitarian problems
are horrendous, and we therefore warmly welcome the intention of the
Secretary-General to launch, on 8 April, an overall appeal for help, and we hope
that, in his appeal, he will cover the activities of all the various United Nations
specialized agencies. We noed a massive aid effort, but we also need a
well-focused and a well-coordinated one.

For our part, we have already announced that we will contribute £20 million,
bilaterally and multilaterally, to this appeal for the relief of the Kurdish people
and for other humanitarian needs of the Iraqi people. This is in addition to
£1 million announced yesterday for an airlift of blankets and tents to Turkey and
an earlier grant of £2.5 million to the International Committee of the Red Cross.

This huge international humanitarian effort is essential, but it must not
conceal the basic responsibility for this human tragedy. That lies fair and square
at the door of the Government of Iraq, whose brutality to its own population is
matched only by its aggressive actions towards its neighbours, and by its disregard
for international law and for all civilized standards of behaviour. Faced with a
Government which ruthlessly gassed numbers of its compatriots a couple of years
ago, no wonder the Kurds flee in terror in their hundreds and their thousands.

I said a few days ago that my Government found it bard to see how Iraq could
hope to rejoin the civilized community of nations while Saddam Hussein and his
acolytes remained in power. Nothing that has happened since then has encouraged us

to change our mind.
EF/16 §/9V,2982
67
The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I would now like to make a
statement iu my capacity as representative of Belgium.

My Government, at the very beginning of this week, expressed profound concern
at the policy of blind and systematic repression of which the Iraqi civilian
population has been the victim in some regions of Iraq, particularly in the Kurdish
regions. Belgium condemns these acts in the strongest possible terms.

The policy of repression in some regions of Iraj has caused major
displacements of populations towards the countries neighbouring Iraq. The scale of
these exoduses, the destitution of the refugees and the enormity of their needs of
all kinds have caused oxtromely critical situations to arise on the borders of
these States. Furthermore, this policy of repression has already caused serious
border incidents.

International peace and security are therefore threatened. The Council was
therefore duty bound to respond to the initiative of the authors of the resolution
which has just been put before it, which Belgium also sponsors. As far as Belgium
is concerned, such support is in this case justified by the very specific
considerations arising from an exceptionally serious situation which threatens
peace and security in the region.

In joining in condemning the repression in Iraq, in the Kurdish regions most
specifically, my country wishes, in addition, to ensure observance of the most
basic principles of humanitarian law and of human rights. The relevant provisions
of the Geneva Comventions, to which Iraq is party, oblige it, in the event of
internal armed conflict, to show consideration for the civilian population and to
treat it humanely. All the items of information we have in our possession prompt
ug to conclude that Iraq is deliberately refusing to comply with these essential,
international legal obligations, My country fully supports the Council in its

demand that Iraq put an immediate end to the current repression.
EF/16 §/PV.2982
68

(The President)

My delegation therefore reminds the Iraqi authorities of their international
obligations and their previous undertakings, according to which they must afford
the humanitarian organizations immediate, unrestricted access throughout Iraq to
the populations in ~istress.

Furthermore, the Belgian Government urges the Iragi leadership to establish
without delay a political dialogue with all the components of the Iraqi people,
especially the representatives of the Kurdish population of Iraq, with a view to
ensuring that the Iragi population in its entirety can exercise freely its civil
and political rights and that human rights are observed, while at the same time
reaffirming the principle of the territorial integrity of Iraq and of the other
States in the regiou.

My country associates itself with the international community's effort to come
to the aid of the victims of repression, and is taking the necessary steps to take
part im it actively.

I now resume my function as President of the Council.

Tho noxt speaker is the representative of Italy. I invite him to take a place
at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr, SCIALOJA (Italy): Lot me express our satisfaction at seeing you
preside over the Security Council during the month of April. We are confident that
your great skill and experience will allow you to conduct the proceedings of the
Council in the best interests of the United Nations and of the international
community as a whole.

Lél me eiiéad also our Lnanks to ihe Fermanent Kepresentative of Austria,
Ambassador Hohenfellner, who presided so excellently over the Council last month.

I also extend our warmest welcome to the Council to the Permanent

Representative of Cote d'Ivoire, Ambassador Bechio.
EF/16 §/pPV.2982
69-70

(Mr. Scialoja, Italy)

I am speaking to express the utmost concern of the Italian Government at the
cruelty of the repression by the Baghdad Government of the civilian population in
many parts of Irag, including the Kurdish areas, where hundreds of thousands of
refugees have gathered near the borders with Turkey and Iran. The European
Community and its Member States have strongly condemned the brutal repressiom,
which, by causing serious tensions along the borders, also threatens international
peace and security.

The Italian Government fervently hopes that the Iraqi Government will promptly
end this persecution and start a process of democratization by engaging in a
constructive dialogue, with all the components of the Iraqi population, leading to
the gstablishment of a just society based on full respect for human rights and
civil and political freedoms.

For these reasons, Italy fully shares the concern expressed by members of the
Security Council and other Members of the United Nations on the dreadful situation
of the Rurdish refugees, and expresses its appreciation of the resolution just
adopted by the Security Council. We expect that the Iraqi Goverament will
immediately abide by the provisions of the resolution by bringing its illegal
actions to an end. Moreover, we express our conviction that the Secretary-General
will be able to address the critical needs of the refugees,

The Italian Government has, on a bilateral basis, decided to offer
humanitarian assistance tc the displaced populations and to supply emergency aid to
help Turkey and Iran face the dramatic problems that would arise from the massive
# savaral hundred thousand rafungas inte thair countries. A technical

Steen

mission to assess these needs is on its way.
JB/17 §/PV,.2982
71

(Mr. Sclaloja. Italy)

We sincerely hope that concertad action on the part of the international
community will convince the Iraqi Government of the necessity of solving any
problem democratically, in order to eliminate tensions in a region of paramount
importance for international peace and security. In this context, the Italian
Government expresses its satisfaction at the decision of the Iraqi Government to
receive the mission provided for in cperative paragraph 4 of resolution 688 (1991).

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I thank the representative
of Italy for his kind words addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of Germany. I invite him to take a
place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. RANIZAU (Germany): As this is the first time that I have addressed
the Council under your presidency, Sir, I should like, as other colleagues have
done, to congratulate you on your assumption of the presidency of the Security
Council for the month of April. I, as all others, am confident that your
professional experience and personal outstanding qualities will fully benefit this
body in discharging its important responsibilities.

I should also like to thank the Parmanent Representative of Austria,
Ambassador Hohenfellner, for his outstanding stewardship of the Council during the
month of March.

Germany is following the most recent developments in Iraq with the greatest
concern. The brutal use of weapons and other agents of destruction against the
Kurdish minority and other parts of the Iragi population, and the mass exodus its
has precipitated, harbour the danger of genocide. After the horrible crimes of
1988, human rights are again being flagrantly violated. International peace and
security are in jeopardy. The United Nations, and in particular the Security

Council, are called upon to take appropriate steps immediately.
JB/117 §/PV.2982
72

(Mr. Rantzau. Germany)

In 1988, Germany cosponsored Security Council resolution 620 (1988), which
condemned the use of chemical and biological weapons in the war between Iraq and
Iran. It also requested the United Nations Secretary-General to launch an
immediate investigation whenever the deployment of such weapons is suspected, even
within a country's own borders. Already then, ny Government was deeply concerned
about the cruel treatment of the Kurdish minority in Iraq.

With resolution 687 (1991), the Security Council has set itself the goal of
restoring peace and security in the region. The efforts undertaken to this end by
the Security Council will only be successful if domestic peace in Iraq is also
ensured.

It is the legitimate right of the international community to call for respect
for human rights. This means that no ethnic or religious group may be persecuted
or discriminated against. When a national minority keeps finding itself im a
position where it is forced to fight for its rights, and when it therefore has to
endure great sacrifices and human suffering, it proves that its legitimate claim is
crudely violated by the leadership of the country. The repressive measures of the
Iraqi army are of indescribable cruelty: villages are levelled, human beings are
fired upon, and the civilian population is bombed.

The international community has to undertake all appropriate efforts to
prevail upon the Iraqi Government to enter into negotiations with the
reprogentatives of the Kurdish minority and to concede to this brave and proud
people a status commensurate with its hopes and aspirations. This should not
infringe upon or jeopardige the integrity of the Iraqi Btate. My Government
welcomes the fact that the Security Council has now followed up on its cease-fire
resolution 687 (1991) by urgently calling upon Irag to put an immediate end to the

persecution of the Kurdish minority and other parts of the population. My
JB/17 5/PV.2982
73

(Mr. Raptzau, Germany)
Government also feels that their return to their settlements under the supervision
of United Nations observers should be ensured.

The international community bears responsibility for ensuring that the human
rights of all Iragis, of all ethnic and religious communities, including the Kurds,
be observed. The persecution of c¢his ethnic group and the armed repression against
it must be stopped. It must not be subjected to any punishment. The Kurds must be
given the rights they were promised many years ago and that all Iraqis are entitled
to. It is in the interest of the Iragi Goverament, in the interest of stability
and security in the region, and espucially in the interest of those desperate human
beings, that peace be restored within Iraq.

Ihe PRESIDENT (interpretation from Freach): I thank the representative
of Germany for his kind words addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of Luxembourg. I invite him to take a
place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr, FEYDER (Luxembourg) (interpretation from French): As the
representative of a country bound to yours by many deep ties of friendship, I take
special pleasure in conveying to you, 8ir, my most earnest congratulations on your
assumption of the presidency of the Security Coumcil. I should also like to join
in the thanks you conveyed two days ago to Ambassador Hohenfellner of Austria.

The Government of Luxembourg is alarmed and deeply concerned by current events
in Iraq and on its borders. Hundreds of thousands of Iraqi citizens, especially
Shiites and Kurds, are fleeing a bloody and pitiless repression visited upon them
by the army of the Iragi Goverament. What is absolutely shocking and contrary to
the norms of international law is that soldiers are firing upon innocent and
defenceless civilians, destroying homes and hospitals, and harissing and killing

fleeing populations.
JB/17 §/PV.2982
74-75

(Mx, Feyder, Luxembourg)

We believe that this is flagrant violation of the principles of humanitarian
law as established by the Geneva Conventions. We are also witnessing massive and
tragic violations of the human rights of all those men, women and children who have
been forced to abandon their homes and flee towards an unknown fate.

The information we have been provided by the Governments concerned and by the
media also clearly demonstrates that this problem has become international. The
refugees, and especially the Kurds in the north of the country, wish to leave for
the neighbouring countries, Turkey and Iran, Some hava managed to do so, and
others are hastening to reach the border. An enormous problem faces the
Governments of those countries. An entire region is now threatened with
destabilization, which affects peace and security. We are all called upon to show
sensitivity towards and solidarity with those people now facing new

trials following upon those imposed on them by Iraq's invasion of Ruwait.
JSM/ck §/PV.2982
76

(Mr. Feyder, Luxembourg)

Together with its partners in the European Community, my Government condemned
the brutal repression against these civilian populations, especially the Kurds and
Shiites, which gave rise to the flow of refugees I have just described. The
Comnunity and its 12 member States call upon the Iraqi authorities to put an end
without delay to this repression which, in the past, already severely affected the
Rurdish population. They believe that only the path of dialogue with all the '!
parties concerned can lead to the restoration of a united and legitimate Iraqi
State committed to respect the populations of which it is comprised.

That is why it was absolutely necessary for the Security Council to act and to
take a clear-cut decision on the draft resolution submitted to it on the initiative
of the French delegation. My Government welcomes its adoption a few moments ago.
The Council thereby discharged its responsibilities in the face of the tragic
situation in which the population of Iraq finds itself and in the face of the
border problems which have arisen. I should like to thank all the delegations
which so kindly extended me their cooperation in recent days.

My Government hopes that all national and international recources will be
brought to bear in order to come to the assistance of the populations im distress.
Special importance in this regard goes to the activities conducted by our
Organization, its Secretary-General and specialized agencies. Emergency assistance
will be undertaken by the European Community in the coming days.

Whatever the future of Iraq, the Luxembourg Government believes that the
sovereignty, territorial integrity and political independence of Iraq and of all
the other States of the area must Le respected. We all agree, 0G, ia emphasizing
that it is up to the Iraqis alone to determine their future.

Last November some non-aligned members of the Council put before the Council a

draft resolution in which they expressed the hope that the Governments of the
JSM/ck S/PV.2982
17

(Mr. Feyder, Luxembourg)
region, especially that of Iraq, would take appropriate effective steps in order to
strengthen their democratic institutions and practices. More and more Iragis, both
inside and outside Iraq, are now speaking out for the establishment of a
pluralistic democratic system mindful of humun rights.

We should ask ourselves whether this is not now the path to follow in order to
enable the populations concerned to express their will, thus contributing to the
establishment of a genuine peace in Iraq.

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I thank the represeamtative
of Luxembourg for his kind words addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of Denmark. I invite him to take a
place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. MORTENSEN (Denmark): I shall be as brief as possible, Sir, but allow
me to join others in expressing my delegation's great pleasure in seeing you
presiding over the Council.

Today, the world is once again witnessing human rights and fundamental
freedoms being grossly violated.

The Danish Goverament has strongly condemned the brutal repression and
suffering that has been imposed upon the civilian population in Irag, notably the
Kurds and the Shiites.

Iraq must immediately put an end to these atrocities and engage in an open
dialogue to ensure that the human rights of all Iraqi citizens are fully
respected. In this connection, we note the desire of the Kurdish leaders to
unfolding in Iraq, as a consequence of the brutal and bloody actions against
civilians, has brought about a flow of refugees towards Iraq's neighbouring

countriasg.
JSM/ck §/PV.2982
78

(Mx. Moxtensen. Denmark)

The magnitude of the human suffering and the transboundary problems involved
makes it natural for the international community to deal with the matter and for
the Security Council to take the necessary measures. Deumark therefore welcomes
the adoption of resolution 688 (1991).

The international community must render assistance to alleviate the plight and
suffering of the Kurds and others fleeing the fighting and bloodshed in Iraq.

To that end, the Danish Government for its part has today decided to
contribute, as an immediate step, § million Danish kroner, corresponding
approximately to $1.5 million.

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I thank the representative
of Denmark for his kind words addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of Ireland. I invite him to take a
place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mz. BAYES (Ireland): Pirst I should like to congratulate you, Sir, on
your assumption of the presidency of the Security Council for the month of April.
Your skills and abilities are well known to me personally and I am certain that
your tenure of the presidency at this important time will be successful.

I should also 1ike to congratulate Ambassador Hohenfellmer of Austria on
having successfully led the Security Council in the month of March.

May I also join others in welcoming the new Permanent Representative of Cite
d'Ivoire, whom we are so pleased to see occupying the seat of his country in the
Council.

IralamA fulle aunnarta the rasolution just adopted by the Becurity Council,
The Government and the people of Ireland are deeply concerned at the situation of
the civilian population in Iraq, notably the Kurds and the Shiites, and they firmly

condemn the brutal repression being imposed om these population groups.
JSM/ck S/PV... 2
} 79-80

(Mr. Hayes, Ireland)

They call on the Iraqi authorities to put an end to this repression, which has
already in the past severely affected the Kurdish people. The flow of refugees to
neighbouring countries resulting from this repression is a cause of serious
humanitarian concern. Ireland is ready to join with the rest of the international
community to alleviate their plight. Iraq's neighbours must not be left to
shoulder this burden alone.

The repression of the Kurds and Shiites must be condemned in the strongest
terms. The Kurds have the right to live within Iraq, with full respect for their
culture and language. We call on the Govermment of Iraq to follow the path of
dialogue to ensure that the human and political rights of all Iraqi citizens are
respected.

Any attempt to interfere with Iraq‘'s sovereignty, terxitorial integrity, or
political independence, would be unacceptable as well as detrimental to the
prospects for peace and security in the region. The resolution just adopted makes
this clear. At the same time, respect for the territorial integrity of Iraq does
not take away from its obiigations to engage in dialogue to ensure that the human

and political rights of the Kurds and Shiites are respected within Iraq.
BCT/edd §/PV.2982
81

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I thank the representative
of Ireland for the kind words ho addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of Spain. I invite him to take a place
at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. VIOUEIRA (Spain) (interpretation from Spanish): May I first
associate myself with the congratulations expressed to you, Sir, by preceding
speakers on your assumption of the presidency of this important organ.

Upon instructions from my Government, I have the asked to be allowed to speak
in order to express before the Security Council Spain's complete support for
resolution 688 (1991), which has just been adopted.

My country has been following with deep concern the brutal repression
unleashed by the Iraqi authorities om its own civilian population, in particular
the Kurds and the Shiites, and it fears the repercussions this may have on peace
and security in the region.

In addition to the enormous magnitude of the sufforing and the loss of human
life, this repression has created a problem of displaced persons and refugees of
epic proportions, has deeply moved the public opinion of the world, and of Spain in
particular, and has inspired a number of States Members of the Organization to take
an initiative whose result is the resolution just adopted.

Spain joins the rest of the international community im firm condemnation of
the systematic violation of human rights committed by the Iraqi authorities against
their own civilian population, and also demands an immediate end to these inhuman
practices, as well as respect for the human and political rights of all Iraqi
citizens.

In conclusion, my Government is prepared to cooperate with the
Secretary-General and the United Nations in all efforts aimed at alleviating the

suffering of the Iraqi civilian population.
BCT/edd S/PV.2982
82
The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I thank the representative
of Spain for the kind words he addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of Sweden. I invite him to take a
place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. BLIASSON (Sweden): Let me begin by congratulating you, Sir, and the
Security Council on your assumption of the presidency of the Council, We have
great respect for your professional ability and for your country’s strong
attachment to the Charter.

We also commend our colleague and friend Ambassador Hoheafellmer for the wise
and skilful way in which he guided the Council's work in March.

1 would also join others in welcoming the new Permanent Representative of
Cote 4'Ivoire to this important body.

A great number of people in Sweden, many of them recent immigrants with their
origin in the Middle Bast, view with sorrow and apprehension developments now
unfolding in Iraq in the aftermath of the actions for the liberation of Kuwait.
The credibility of the United Nations demands that the Organization shoulder its
responsibility also for developments following measures authorized by the Security
Council, especially as these devolopments entail the suffering of large numbers of
innocent people.

The Iveqi leadership's violent suppression of opposition forces in various
parts of Irag - in the South and, most recently, in the Kurdish-populated areas -
has brutally affocted the civilian population. The desperate situation of
thousands and thousands of civilians trying to take refuge in neighbouring
countries is appalling. These people urgently nead help from the international
community as a whole.

The magnitude of the suffering of Iraqi refugees already has had international

consequences across the borders of Iraq. Events in Iraq have a direct impact on
BCT/edd S/PV.2982
83

(Mr. Eliasson, Sweden)
the future peace and stability of the region as a whole. That peace and stability
has been a stated objective of Security Council resolutions. Thus an international
reaction through the Security Council is indeed legitimate and timely from both a
political and a humanitarian perspective. This, in our view, in no way diminishes
the validity and the importance of Article 2, paragraph 7 of the Charter.

Lasting regional peace and stability demand respect for human rights and
decent treatment of minority groups. A solution to internal problems in Iraq can
be achieved only by dialogue and a political process. Violence against a
defenceless civilian population can never be excused. Instead of using what
remains of its military machine against the opposition, the Iraqi Government should
negotiate with the groups that oppose it,

The Eurds in Iraq must be put in a position of being able to enjoy their
inalienable rights as a minority group. They should be given the possibility to
express their identity freely vithin the State of Iraq and in accordance with their
own aspirations.

Concerted action is needed to give humanitarian aid to the suffering civilian
population iu the Rurdish-populated and other areas of Iraq. We commend the
Secretary-Genoral for his efforts to prepare a coordinated programme of emergency
relief for Irag. Such an emergency programme should be based on established
principles and criteria for humanitarian relief, designed to reach the affected
populations in all areas of need, including the areas of the Kurdish population.

We must also find ways of caring for the many displaced persons inside Iraq.

It is equally important for the United Nations to address the rapidly growing
refugee problem in the border areas between Iraq and Turkey and between Iraq and
Iran. The absorption capacity - long drawn upon - of those two neighbours of Irag

is obviously not adequate and must be strengthened by international assistance.
BCT/edd S/PV.2982
84-85

(Mk. Eliasson. Sweden)

In line with its traditions, Sweden is ready to continue to make its
contributions to the international efforts to alleviate the suffering of civilians
in Irag and the many refugees outside Iraj's borders.

Let me, in conclusion, say that we are today facing not only a pressing
humanitarian problem but also a challenge for the United Nations and its standing
as an organization that builds peace for the future and improves the condition of
man.

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I thank the representative
of Sweden for the kind words he addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of the Netherlands. I invite him to
take a place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. VAN SCHAIK (Netherlands): I am pleased to see you, Sir, as a Benelux
colleague ir the Chair. I am convinced that the presidency could not be in better
hands.

I wish also to join others in thanking my colleague Ambassador Hohenfellner
for the excellent way he presided over the Council last month.

I should like to welcome our colleague the new Ambassador of Cite d'Ivoire,

Mr. Jean-Jacques Bechio.
JP/ed S/PV.2982
86

(Mr. Van Schaik, Netherlands)

Like previous speakers, I wish to express my Government's grave concern about
the repression of the Iragi civilian population, including most recently in Kurdish
populated areas. The fact that I have asked to speak about this very serious
matter testifies to my Government's profound concern about the situation. The
people of the Netherlands are deeply disturbed, for obvious humanitarian reasons.
We are also preoccupied with the serious implications for international peace and
security in the region. We insist that Iraq observe its commitments arising from
international instruments to respect the fundamental rights and freedoms of its
civigens.

We fully support this initiative, and my Government endorses the resolution
that has just been adcpted. The public at large would not have understood the
dealings of this Council if after the 14 resolutions that have been adopted on the
situation in the region the Council had remained silent on this matter.

The representative of Luxembourg, Ambassador Peyder, referred to the statement
that the European Community and its member States have made, in which they have
expressed their very deep concern over the situation of the civilian population of
Iraq. We indeed firmly condemn the brutal repression being imposed upon these
population groups.

We also wish to draw attention to the implications of the massive flow of
refugees and displaced persons towards neighbouring countries. We look forward to
any action the Secretary-Gemeral takes to pursue his humanitarian efforts in favour
of the victims of repression. We trust that Member States will make a8 substantive
contribution to humanitarian organisations to alleviate the plight of Iraqi people
that £ind themselves in unbearable conditions as a result of these events. The
Netherlands is prepared to shoulder responsibility with the international community
in its humanitarian efforts to create conditions for a return to civilized life by

the Iraqi people.
JP/ed §/PV.2982
87

(Mx, Van Schajk, Netherlands)

We urge Irag to open a dialogue to ensure that the human and political rights
of its people are fully respected.

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I thank the representative
of the Netherlands for his kind words addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of Portugal. I invite him to take a
place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. DA COSTA PEREIRA (Portugal): May I first congratulate you, Sir, on
your accession to the presidency of the Security Council and extend to you our best
wishes for your work during the current month.

I should also like to aay how much we appreciate the work of
Ambassador Hohenfelluer in presiding over the Council last month and the ..y in
«hich he carried out his duties.

I wish also to welcome the new Permanent Rapresentative of Cote d'Ivoire.

Portugal follows with great concern the grave situation on the borders of Iraq
with Turkey and Iran, With the other members of the European Community, it firmly
condemns the repression ot the civilian population in many parts of Iraq, which
constitutes brutal disrespect for basic human rights.

We believe that only dialogue with all the parties concerned would allow the
shaping of a renewed Iraq, united and respectful of the legitimate rights and
aspirations of the population groups of that country.

The Portuguese Goverument fully supports the resolution that the Council has
just adopted and hopes that the current deterioration of the situation will soon
come to an end in order to avoid further loss of life of innocent human beings.

We deeply hope that the humanitarian assistance efforts to take place under
the auspices of the Secretary-General will alleviate the suffering and meet the

critical needs of the refugees and displaced Iragi population.
JP/ed §/PV.2982
8s

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I thank the representative
of Portugal for his kind words addressed to me.

The next speaker is the representative of Norway. I invite him to take a
place at the Council table and to make his statement.

Mr. HUSLID (Norway): Let me express the pleasure of my delegation, too,
at seeing you, Sir, presiding over the Security Council.

The behaviour and action of the Iragi authorities, not least against their own
population, have for an extended period of time giver cause for grave concern. In
this connection, we all remember with abhorrence the attack oan Iran, the purges in
Baghdad and in particular the shocking gassing of the civilian Kurdish population.
Recently there was the unprovoked invasion and occupation of peaceful Kuwait, which
the international community, under the Council's auspices, succeeded by a
considerable joint effort im bringing to an end only a few weeks ago.

However, barely was that war over thaw wo had to witness the destructive
attacks against the people and the cities of the Shiite communities in the south of
Iraq. Now the turn of the Kurds and other mino;ities in the East and the North has
come.

The world cannot sit in silence and allow this to continue. The Iraqi regime
must be brought to understand that its actions are totally unacceptable,
reprehensible and, indeed, immoral.

For these reasons the Norwegian Government condemns the actions perpetrated
against the Kurdish population and other groups, in contravention of
internationally accepted human rights standards and norms of behaviour. We call on

the Iraqi authorities to halt such actions immediately.
JP/ed S/PV. 2902
89-90

| (Mr. Huslid, Noxway)

We join others in calling for concerted international humanitarian aid to
Kurdish refugees and others suffering from the repression inflicted by the Iraqi
authorities.

Finally, we express the hope that. the international community as a whole will
take joint responsibility in all these respects. On behalf of the Norwegian
Government, I pledge our full support for all efforts to meet the needs of the
refugees. Norway has already supported the international humanitarian actions in
this respect, inter alia by a recent cash contribution of 10 million Norwegian
kroner - $1.5 million. We stand ready to offer further support in this hour of
need.

On behalf of Norway, I wish to give our support to the resolution the Council

has just adopted.
RM/21 §/PV.2982
91
The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I thank the representative
of Norway for the kind words he addressed to me.

I should like to iaform members of the Council that I have received letters
from the representatives of Canada and Greece in which they request to be invited
to participate in the discussion of the item on the Council's agenda. In
conformity with the usual practice, I propose, with the consent of the Council, to
invite those members to participate in the discussion, without the right to vote,
in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Charter and rule 37 of the
Council's provisional rules of procedure.

There being no objection, it is so decided.

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): The next speaker is the

representative of Canada. I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to
make his statement.

Mr. FORTIER (Canada) (interpretation from Fremch): It is getting late,
Mr. Presideat, you are hungry, and I shall be brief.

First, I should like to congratulate you on assuming the presidency of the
Security Council and to express our thanks to the Ambassador of Austria for his
presidency during the month of March. I should also like to bid a warm welcome to
the Ambassador of Cote d'Ivoire,

(continued in English)

Canada continues to be deeply disturbed by the suffering of the Iraqi people
as a result of the brutal repression by the Iraqi authorities of their civilian
population. The Government nf Canada has called upon Iraq to refrain from actions

that we 11d exacerbate the suffering of Iraqi civilians.
RM/21 S/PV.2982
92

(Mr. Fortier. Canada)

Regrettably, this suffering is continuing and growing. There has been a
massive movement of civilians away from the areas of fighting and towards and
across international borders. As the resolution just adopted by the Security
Council makes abundantly clear, these movements, along with cross-border
incursions, pose an undeniable threat to international peace and security in the
region. That is why, in the opinion of my Government, it was proper and within the
mandate of the Council to act as it has done on this matter.

Meanwhile, unfortunately, the suffering of the innocent civilians in Iraq
continues. Canada remains in constant touch with the international humanitarian
organizations such as the Red Cross and the United Nations Disaster Relief
Organization. This afternoon in Ottawa Canada announced an initial contribution of
$3.3 million to these and other organizations to help provide the basic needs of
the displaced citizens of Iraq, both inside Iraq and in neighbouring countries.

But money alone will not end the suffering, The only way to do that is for
Irag to give tho fullest cooperation to international humanitarian organizationms,
to facilitate their work and to respect fully the human and political rights of all
Iraqi citizens without further delay.

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I thank the representative
of Canada for the kind words he addressed to me.

The last speaker is the representative of Greece. 1 invite him to take a
place at the Council table and to make his statement,

Mr. EXARCHOS (Greece): Allow me at the outset to congratulate you, Sir,
on your assumpticn of your duties as President of the Council for the month of
April and to express my confidence in the success of your task in view of your
well-known professional skill and ability. I should also like to express my
appreciation for the skillful performance of your predecessor, the Permanent

Representative of Austria, during the month of March.
RM/21 S/PV. 2982
93

(Mr, Exarchos, Greece)

On 28 March 1991 my Government expressed its grave concern and deep regret
with regard to the recent developments in Iraq as well as the reported use of
violence against its Kurdish-populated areas. That stand is consistent with
Greece's firm opposition to the use of force, and particularly military methods,
aimed at solving domestic problems.

Furthermore, Greece, along with its European Community partners, has condemned
such practices and called upon the Iragi authorities to put an end to the
repression without delay and engage upon the path of dialogue. We firmly believe
that these problems can be solved only through dialogue in full respect of the
territorial integrity and unity of Iraq.

Pinally, in order to alleviate the plight of the afflicted populations of
Iraq. the Greek Government yesterday decided to dispatch immediately humanitarian
assistance to the afflicted populations through the Hellenic Red Cross.

The PRESIDENT (interpretation from French): I thank the representative
of Groece for the kind words he addressed to me.

There are no further names on the list of speakers. The Security Council has

thus concluded the present stage of its consideration of the item on its agenda.

The meoting rose at 8.25 p.m.

Voting Summary
Yes: 010 | No: 003 | Abstentions: 002 | Non-Voting: 000 | Total voting membership: 015
Y AUSTRIA
Y BELGIUM
A CHINA
Y CÔTE D'IVOIRE
N CUBA
Y ECUADOR
Y FRANCE
Y UNITED KINGDOM
A INDIA
Y ROMANIA
Y USSR
Y UNITED STATES
N YEMEN
Y ZAIRE
N ZIMBABWE