Security Council resolution 2449 (2018) [on humanitarian situation in the Syrian Arab Republic and renewal of authorization of relief delivery and monitoring mechanism until 10 Jan. 2020]
Symbol: S/RES/2449 (2018)
Date: 2018-12-13
Meeting record: S/PV.8423
Subjects: UN. Monitoring Mechanism Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 2165 (2014)|HUMAN RIGHTS IN ARMED CONFLICTS|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|RELIEF CORRIDORS|SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC
Notes: Issued in: Resolutions and decisions of the Security Council, 2018 - S/INF/73 - (SCOR, 73rd year).

United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2449 (2018)
               Security Council                                                  Distr.: General
                                                                                 13 December 2018




               Resolution 2449 (2018)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 8423rd meeting, on
               13 December 2018

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolutions 2042 (2012), 2043 (2012), 2118 (2013), 2139 (2014),
               2165 (2014), 2175 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2209 (2015), 2235 (2015), 2254 (2015), 2258
               (2015), 2268 (2016), 2286 (2016), 2332 (2016), 2336 (2016), 2393 (2017) and 2401
               (2018) and its Presidential Statements of 3 August 2011 (S/PRST/2011/16), 21 March
               2012 (S/PRST/2012/6), 5 April 2012 (S/PRST/2012/10), 2 October 2013
               (S/PRST/2013/15), 24 April 2015 (S/PRST/2015/10) and 17 August 2015
               (S/PRST/2015/15),
                      Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and
               territorial integrity of Syria and to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the
               United Nations,
                     Expressing outrage at the unacceptable level of violence and the killing of
               hundreds of thousands of people, including tens of thousands of child casualties, as a
               result of the Syrian conflict,
                     Reiterating its grave distress at the continued devastating humanitarian situation
               in Syria and at the fact that urgent humanitarian assistance, including medical
               assistance, is required by more than 13 million people in Syria, of whom 6.2 million
               are internally displaced, including Palestine refugees, and more than 1 million people
               are still living in hard-to-reach areas,
                     Gravely concerned at the insufficient implementation of its resolutions 2139
               (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) and 2401
               (2018) and recalling in this regard the legal obligations of all parties under
               international humanitarian law and international human rights law, as well as all the
               relevant decisions of the Security Council, including by ceasing all attacks against
               civilians and civilian objects, including those involving attacks on schools and
               medical facilities, the indiscriminate use of weapons, including artillery, barrel bombs
               and air strikes, indiscriminate shelling by mortars, car bombs, suicide attacks and
               tunnel bombs, as well as the widespread use of torture, ill -treatment, arbitrary
               executions, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, sexual and gender -based
               violence, as well as all grave violations and abuses committed against children,
                     Noting the progress made in taking back areas of Syria from the Islamic State
               in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Daesh) and Al -Nusrah Front (ANF) but




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               expressing its grave concern that areas remain under their control and about the
               negative impact of their presence, violent extremist ideology and actions on stability
               in Syria and the region, including the devastating humanitarian impact on the civilian
               populations which has led to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of people and
               the unlawful destruction of cultural heritage, reaffirming its resolve to address all
               aspects of the threat posed by ISIL (also known as Daesh), ANF and all other
               individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with Al -Qaida and other
               terrorist groups, as determined by the United Nations Security Council and as may
               further be agreed by the International Syria Support Group (ISSG) and endorsed by
               the UN Security Council and calling for the full implementation of Security Council
               resolutions 2170 (2014), 2178 (2014), 2199 (2015), 2249 (2015), 2253 (2015), 2347
               (2017), 2354 (2017), 2368 (2017) and 2370 (2017),
                     Expressing grave concern also at the movement of foreign terrorist fighters and
               other terrorists and terrorist groups into and out of Syria and reiterating its call on all
               States to take steps, consistent with international law, to prevent and suppress the flow
               of foreign terrorist fighters to ISIL, ANF and all other individuals, groups,
               undertakings and entities associated with ISIL or Al-Qaida and other terrorist groups,
               as determined by the United Nations Security Council, and as may further be agreed
               by the International Syria Support Group (ISSG) and endorsed by the UN Security
               Council,
                     Reaffirming that Member States must ensure that any measures taken to combat
               terrorism comply with all their obligations under international law, in particular
               international human rights law, international refugee law and international
               humanitarian law,
                     Reaffirming the primary responsibility of the Syrian authorities to protect the
               population in Syria and reiterating that parties to armed conflict must take all feasible
               steps to protect civilians and recalling in this regard its demand that all parties to
               armed conflict comply fully with the obligations applicable to them under
               international law related to the protection of civilians in armed conflict, including
               journalists, media professionals and associated personnel,
                     Reiterating its strong condemnation of all forms of violence and intimidation to
               which those participating in humanitarian operations are continue to be expo sed, as
               well as attacks on humanitarian convoys and acts of destruction and looting of their
               assets and its urging of all parties involved in an armed conflict to promote the safety,
               security and freedom of movement of humanitarian personnel, including med ical
               personnel and humanitarian personnel exclusively engaged in medical duties and
               United Nations and its associated personnel and their assets, expressing its ongoing
               admiration at the dedication and commitment of the Syrian Red Crescent volunteers
               and other humanitarian workers operating in deeply challenging conditions and
               urging all parties to take all appropriate steps to ensure the safety and security of
               United Nations and associated personnel, those of its specialised agencies and all
               other personnel engaged in humanitarian relief activities,
                     Noting that the United Nations and their implementing partners reached on
               average 5.4 million people with humanitarian aid each month in 2018 and that life -
               saving assistance delivered across borders represented a vital part of this, including
               the delivery of food assistance for on average 1 million people every month in 2018;
               and since the start of operations in 2014, non-food items for 6 million people; health
               assistance through 25 million treatments and water and sanitation supplies for over 5
               million people,
                     Reiterating its grave concern at all instances of hindrances to the effective
               delivery of humanitarian assistance, noting that ISIL (also known as Daesh), ANF and
               all other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with Al-Qaida, are

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           hindering the effective delivery of humanitarian assistance and are responsible for
           preventing aid delivery through deliberate interference and obstruction,
                Reiterating further its grave concern at the continuing impediments to the
           delivery of sustained, needs-based humanitarian assistance across the country through
           the most direct routes, including to hard-to-reach areas and across conflict lines,
                 Expressing grave concern that access to medical care continues to be severely
           restricted and reiterating the need to respect the principle of medical neutrality,
           facilitate free passage to all areas for medical personnel, equipment, transport and
           supplies, including surgical items,
                 Reaffirming the need to support the United Nations and their implementing
           partners in their efforts to expand the delivery of humanitarian assistance to reach all
           people in need in Syria and further reaffirming its decision in resolution 2165 (2014)
           that all Syrian parties to the conflict shall enable the immediate and unhindered
           delivery of humanitarian assistance directly to people throughout Syria, by the United
           Nations and their implementing partners, on the basis of United Nations ass essments
           of need and devoid of any political prejudices and aims, including by immediately
           removing all impediments to the provision of humanitarian assistance,
                 Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General of 19 June 2018 (S/2018/617)
           on the Review of the United Nations Cross-Border Operations and further taking note
           of ongoing efforts to implement the recommendations contained therein, and stressing
           the need to ensure that the delivery of humanitarian aid and services, including at the
           stage of distribution, is impartial, non-discriminatory and needs-based and that those
           most in need are beneficiaries of such aid and services, without misappropriation,
                Expressing its appreciation for the work of the United Nations monitoring
           mechanism in monitoring shipments and confirming their humanitarian nature, in
           accordance with resolutions 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016) and
           2393 (2017) and commending the mechanism’s efforts in facilitating cross-border
           delivery of humanitarian aid by the United Nations and their implementing partners,
           emphasising the importance to further robust monitoring of the humanitarian nature
           of UN relief consignments and their delivery inside Syria and encouraging the United
           Nations and their implementing partners to continue to take steps to scale up
           humanitarian deliveries throughout the country, notably into hard -to-reach areas,
                 Reiterating the need for all parties to respect and uphold the relevant provisions
           of international humanitarian law and the United Nations guiding principles of
           humanitarian emergency assistance, emphasising the importance of upholding the
           principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence, in the provision of
           humanitarian assistance and recalling also the importance of humanitarian deliveries
           reaching their intended beneficiaries,
                 Noting the role that ceasefire agreements which are consistent with
           humanitarian principles and international humanitarian law can play in facilit ating
           the delivery of humanitarian assistance in order to help save civilian lives, reiterating
           its call upon all parties to respect and fulfil their commitments to existing ceasefire
           agreements, as well as the full implementation of resolution 2268 (2016) and 2401
           (2018), as a step towards a comprehensive nation-wide ceasefire and emphasising that
           humanitarian access must be part of these efforts in acco rdance with international
           humanitarian law,
                Expressing grave concern at the more than 5.6 million refugees, including more
           than 4.2 million women and children, who have fled Syria as a result of ongoing
           violence,



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                     Reiterating its deep appreciation for the significant and admirable efforts that
               have been made by the countries of the region, notably Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, Iraq
               and Egypt, to accommodate Syrian refugees and mindful of the immense costs and
               social challenges incurred by these countries as a consequence of the crisis,
                     Recalling the need to create conditions throughout the country and facilitate the
               safe, voluntary and dignified return of refugees and internally displaced persons to
               their home areas in Syria, in accordance with international la w, including applicable
               provisions of the Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, taking
               into account the interests of those countries hosting refugees,
                     Calling upon the international community to increase their assistance to Syria
               by providing additional humanitarian aid, noting with concern that the international
               response to the Syrian and regional crisis continues to fall short of meeting the needs
               as assessed by host governments and the United Nations, therefore urging once again
               all Member States, based on burden-sharing principles, to support the United Nations
               and the countries of the region, including by adopting medium and long -term
               responses to alleviate the impact on communities, providing increased, flexible and
               predictable funding as well as increasing resettlement efforts and noting the second
               conference on supporting the future of Syria and the region held in Brussels in April
               2018, co-chaired by the European Union and the United Nations,
                    Calling for humanitarian mine action to be accelerated as a matter of urgency
               throughout Syria,
                     Strongly condemning the arbitrary detention and torture of individuals in Syria,
               notably in prisons and detention facilities, as well as the kidnappings, abductions,
               hostage-taking and forced disappearances and demanding the immediate end of these
               practices and the release of all arbitrarily detained persons starting with women and
               children, as well as sick, wounded, persons with disabilities and elderly persons and
               United Nations and humanitarian personnel and journalists,
                     Noting with grave concern that impunity in Syria contributes to widespread
               violations and abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitarian
               law, stressing the need to end impunity for these violations and ab uses and
               re-emphasising in this regard that those who have committed or are otherwise
               responsible for such violations and abuses in Syria must be brought to justice,
                     Emphasising that the humanitarian situation will continue to deteriorate further
               in the absence of a political solution to the Syrian conflict in line with resolution 2254
               (2015) and calling upon all parties to make progress in this regard and to undertake
               confidence-building measures and recognising the efforts by the Office of the
               UN Special Envoy and the international community, including within the Astana
               framework, to advance the early release of any arbitrarily detained persons,
               particularly women and children, and handover of the bodies as well as the
               identification of missing persons,
                    Determining that the devastating humanitarian situation in Syria continues to
               constitute a threat to peace and security in the region,
                     Underscoring that Member States are obligated under Article 25 of the Charter
               of the United Nations to accept and carry out the Council ’s decisions,
                   1.    Calls upon all parties to ensure principled, sustained and improved
               humanitarian assistance to Syria in 2019;
                     2.   Reiterates its demand that all parties, in particular the Syrian authorities,
               immediately comply with their obligations under international law, including
               international humanitarian law and international human rights law as applicable and
               further demands the full and immediate implementation of all provisions of all

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           relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165
           (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) and 2401 (2018) and
           recalls that some of the violations and abuses committed in Syria may amount to war
           crimes and crimes against humanity;
                 3.   Decides to renew the decisions in paragraphs 2 and 3 of Security Council
           resolution 2165 (2014) for a further period of twelve months, that is, until 10 January
           2020;
                4.    Further demands that all parties allow safe, unimpeded and sustained
           access for United Nations’ and their implementing partners’ humanitarian convoys,
           including medical and surgical supplies, to all requested areas and populations
           according to United Nations’ assessment of need in all parts of Syria;
                 5.   Reiterates that the situation will continue to deteriorate further in the
           absence of a political solution to the Syrian conflict and recalls its demand for the
           full and immediate implementation of resolution 2254 (2015) to facilitate a Syrianled and Syrian-owned political transition, in accordance with the Geneva
           Communiqué as set forth in the ISSG Statements, in order to end the conflict in Syria
           and stresses again that the Syrian people will decide the future of Syria;
                 6.   Requests the Secretary-General to brief the Council monthly and to
           provide a report on a regular basis, at least every 60 days, on the implementation of
           resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393
           (2017), 2401 (2018) and this resolution and on compliance by all relevant parties in
           Syria and further requests the Secretary-General to continue to include in his reports
           overall trends in UN cross-line and cross-border humanitarian access and detailed
           information on the humanitarian assistance delivered through UN humanitarian cross -
           border operations as authorised by resolution 2165 (2014), including on the number
           of beneficiaries, locations of aid deliveries at district-level and the volume and nature
           of items delivered;
                7.   Reaffirms that it will take further measures under the Charter of the United
           Nations in the event of non-compliance with this resolution or resolutions 2139
           (2014), 2165 (2014) and 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) and
           2401 (2018);
                8.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.




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Texto español (official Spanish version): Naciones Unidas                                                                    S/RES/2449 (2018)
               Consejo de Seguridad                                               Distr. general
                                                                                  13 de diciembre de 2018




               Resolución 2449 (2018)
               Aprobada por el Consejo de Seguridad en su 8423ª sesión,
               celebrada el 13 de diciembre de 2018

                    El Consejo de Seguridad,
                    Recordando sus resoluciones 2042 (2012), 2043 (2012), 2118 (2013), 2139
               (2014), 2165 (2014), 2175 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2209 (2015), 2235 (2015), 2254
               (2015), 2258 (2015), 2268 (2016), 2286 (2016), 2332 (2016), 2336 (2016), 2393
               (2017) y 2401 (2018), y las declaraciones de su Presidencia de 3 de agosto de 2011
               (S/PRST/2011/16), 21 de marzo de 2012 (S/PRST/2012/6), 5 de abril de 2012
               (S/PRST/2012/10), 2 de octubre de 2013 (S/PRST/2013/15), 24 de abril de 2015
               (S/PRST/2015/10) y 17 de agosto de 2015 (S/PRST/2015/15),
                     Reafirmando su enérgico compromiso con la soberanía, la independencia, la
               unidad y la integridad territorial de Siria, y con los propósitos y principios de la Carta
               de las Naciones Unidas,
                     Expresando indignación por el nivel inaceptable de violencia y por la muerte de
               cientos de miles de personas, entre ellas decenas de miles de niños, como resultado
               del conflicto sirio,
                     Reiterando su profunda aflicción porque la devastadora situación humanitaria
               de Siria continúa y por el hecho de que necesiten asistencia humanitaria urgente, en
               particular asistencia médica, más de 13 millones de personas en Siria, d e las que 6,2
               millones son desplazados internos, entre ellos refugiados palestinos, y más de 1
               millón de personas todavía viven en zonas de difícil acceso,
                     Muy preocupado por la aplicación insuficiente de sus resoluciones 2139 (2014),
               2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) y 2401 (2018), y
               recordando, a este respecto, las obligaciones jurídicas que incumben a todas las partes
               en virtud del derecho internacional humanitario y el derecho internacional de los
               derechos humanos, así como todas sus decisiones pertinentes, en particular la de
               poner fin a todos los ataques contra civiles y bienes de carácte r civil, incluidos los
               que entrañan ataques a centros de enseñanza e instalaciones médicas, el uso
               indiscriminado de armas, que incluye la artillería, las bombas de barril y los ataques
               aéreos, el fuego indiscriminado de mortero, los atentados con vehículo s bomba, los
               atentados suicidas y las bombas túnel, así como el uso generalizado de la tortura, los
               malos tratos, las ejecuciones arbitrarias, las ejecuciones extrajudiciales, las
               desapariciones forzadas, la violencia sexual y por razón de género, así como todas las
               infracciones graves y abusos cometidos contra niños,




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                      Observando los progresos realizados en la recuperación de zonas de Siria en
               poder del Estado Islámico en el Iraq y el Levante (EIIL, conocido también como
               Dáesh) y el Frente Al-Nusra (FAN), pero expresando su gran preocupación porque
               hay zonas que siguen bajo su control y por los efectos negativos de su presencia, su
               ideología extremista violenta y sus actos en la estabilidad de Siria y de la región,
               incluidas las devastadoras consecuencias humanitarias para la población civil, que
               han causado el desplazamiento de centenares de miles de personas y la destrucción
               ilícita del patrimonio cultural, reafirmando su determinación de hacer frente a todos
               los aspectos de la amenaza que plantean el EIIL (conocido también como Dáesh), el
               FAN y demás personas, grupos, empresas y entidades asociados con Al-Qaida, y otros
               grupos terroristas que haya determinado el Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones
               Unidas y los que convenga en determinar el Grupo Internacional de Apoyo a Siria y
               corrobore el Consejo de Seguridad, y pidiendo que se apliquen plenamente sus
               resoluciones 2170 (2014), 2178 (2014), 2199 (2015), 2249 (2015), 2253 (2015), 2347
               (2017), 2354 (2017), 2368 (2017) y 2370 (2017),
                    Expresando gran preocupación por la circulación de combatientes terroristas
               extranjeros y otros terroristas y grupos terroristas hacia y desde Siria y reiterando su
               llamamiento a todos los Estados para que adopten medidas compatibles con el
               derecho internacional para prevenir y reprimir el flujo de combatientes terroristas
               extranjeros para unirse al EIIL, el FAN y demás personas, grupos, empresas y
               entidades asociados con el EIIL o Al-Qaida, y otros grupos terroristas que haya
               determinado el Consejo de Seguridad de las Naciones Unidas y los que convenga en
               determinar el Grupo Internacional de Apoyo a Siria y corrobore el Consejo de
               Seguridad,
                     Reafirmando que los Estados Miembros deben cerciorarse de que todas las
               medidas que adopten para combatir el terrorismo se ajusten a todas las obl igaciones
               que les incumben en virtud del derecho internacional, en particular el derecho
               internacional de los derechos humanos, el derecho internacional de los refugiados y
               el derecho internacional humanitario,
                     Reafirmando que las autoridades sirias tienen la responsabilidad primordial de
               proteger a la población en Siria, reiterando que las partes en un conflicto armado
               deben adoptar todas las medidas posibles para proteger a los civiles, y recordando a
               este respecto su exigencia de que todas las partes en los conflictos armados cumplan
               plenamente sus obligaciones en virtud del derecho internacional relativas a la
               protección de los civiles en los conflictos armados, incluidos los periodistas, los
               profesionales de los medios de comunicación y el personal aso ciado,
                    Reiterando su enérgica condena de todas las formas de violencia e intimidación
               a que siguen estando expuestos quienes participan en operaciones humanitarias, así
               como de los ataques contra convoyes humanitarios y de los actos de destrucción y
               saqueo de sus bienes, y su llamamiento a todas las partes involucradas en un conflicto
               armado para que promuevan la seguridad y libertad de circulación del personal
               humanitario, incluidos el personal médico y personal humanitario dedicado
               exclusivamente a labores médicas y el personal de las Naciones Unidas y su personal
               asociado y sus bienes, expresando su continua admiración por la dedicación y el
               empeño de los voluntarios de la Media Luna Roja Siria y otros trabajadores
               humanitarios que actúan en condiciones extremadamente arriesgadas, e instando a
               todas las partes a que adopten todas las medidas necesarias para garantizar la
               seguridad del personal de las Naciones Unidas y el personal asociado, el personal de
               sus organismos especializados y demás personal que participa en actividades de
               socorro humanitario,
                    Observando que las Naciones Unidas y sus asociados en la ejecución prestaron
               ayuda humanitaria a una media de 5,4 millones de personas cada mes en 2018 y que


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           una parte esencial de esa ayuda fue la asistencia vital que suministraron a través de
           las fronteras, en particular la asistencia alimentaria para una media de 1 millón de
           personas al mes en 2018; artículos no alimentarios para 6 millones de personas desde
           el comienzo de las operaciones en 2014; asistencia sanitaria mediante 25 millones de
           tratamientos y suministros de agua y saneamiento para más de 5 millones de personas,
                 Reiterando su gran preocupación por todos los casos en que se ha obstaculizado
           la prestación efectiva de asistencia humanitaria, observando que el EIIL (conocido
           también como Dáesh), el FAN y demás personas, grupos, empresas y entidades
           asociados con Al-Qaida están obstaculizando la prestación efectiva de asistencia
           humanitaria y son responsables de actos para evitar la prestación de la ayuda mediante
           injerencias y obstrucciones deliberadas,
                 Reiterando también su gran preocupación por la persistencia de los obstáculos
           a la prestación de asistencia humanitaria sostenida y basada en las necesidades en
           todo el país por las rutas más directas, en particular a zonas de difícil acceso y a través
           de las líneas de fuego,
                 Expresando gran preocupación por el hecho de que el acceso a la atención
           médica sigue siendo muy limitado, y reiterando la necesidad de respetar el principio
           de la neutralidad médica y de franquear el paso a todas las zonas para el personal, el
           equipo, el transporte y los suministros médicos, incluido el material quirúrgico,
                 Reafirmando la necesidad de apoyar a las Naciones Unidas y sus asociados en
           la ejecución en su esfuerzo por ampliar el suministro de asistencia humanitaria para
           llegar a todas las personas necesitadas en Siria, y reafirmando también la decisión
           que adoptó en su resolución 2165 (2014) de que todas las partes sirias en el conflicto
           deben permitir que las Naciones Unidas y sus asociados en la ejecución presten de
           manera inmediata y sin trabas asistencia humanitaria directamente a la población en
           toda Siria, basándose en las evaluaciones de las necesidades hechas por las Naciones
           Unidas y sin prejuicio ni propósito político alguno, en particular eliminando
           inmediatamente todos los obstáculos que impidan la prestación de asistencia
           humanitaria,
                 Tomando nota del informe del Secretario General sobre el examen de las
           operaciones transfronterizas de las Naciones Unidas ( S/2018/617), de 19 de junio de
           2018, tomando nota también de los esfuerzos que se están realizando para aplicar las
           recomendaciones que figuran en él, y destacando la necesidad de procurar que la
           prestación de ayuda y servicios humanitarios, en particular en la etapa de distribución,
           sea imparcial, no discriminatoria y se base en las necesidades, y que los beneficiarios
           de esa ayuda y esos servicios sean las personas que más los necesiten, sin que haya
           casos de apropiación indebida,
                 Expresando su reconocimiento por la labor del mecanismo de vigilancia de las
           Naciones Unidas en el seguimiento de los envíos y la confirmación de su carácter
           humanitario, de conformidad con las resoluciones 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258
           (2015), 2332 (2016) y 2393 (2017), encomiando los esfuerzos del mecanismo por
           facilitar el suministro de asistencia humanitaria a través de las fronteras por las
           Naciones Unidas y sus asociados en la ejecución, poniendo de relieve la importancia
           de seguir robusteciendo la supervisión de la naturaleza humanitaria de los envíos de
           socorro de las Naciones Unidas y su entrega en el interior de Siria, y alentando a las
           Naciones Unidas y sus asociados en la ejecución a que sigan adoptando medidas para
           intensificar la entrega de suministros humanitarios en todo el país, sobre todo a zonas
           de difícil acceso,
                 Reiterando la necesidad de que todas las partes respeten y cumplan las
           disposiciones pertinentes del derecho internacional humanitario y los principios
           rectores de la asistencia humanitaria de emergencia de las Naciones Unidas, poniendo


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               de relieve la importancia de respetar los principios de humanidad, neutralidad,
               imparcialidad e independencia en la prestación de asistencia humanitaria, y
               recordando también la importancia de que los suministros humanitarios lleguen a sus
               destinatarios,
                     Observando el papel que pueden desempeñar los acuerdos de alto el fuego que
               estén en consonancia con los principios humanitarios y el derecho internacional
               humanitario en la facilitación del suministro de asistencia humanitaria para ayudar a
               salvar vidas civiles, reiterando su exhortación a todas las partes a que respeten y
               cumplan sus compromisos de los acuerdos de alto el fuego existentes, y a que apliquen
               plenamente las resoluciones 2268 (2016) y 2401 (2018), como paso hacia un alto el
               fuego general en todo el país, y poniendo de relieve que, de conformidad con el
               derecho internacional humanitario, el acceso humanitario debe formar parte de esos
               esfuerzos,
                     Expresando gran preocupación por los más de 5,6 millones de refugiados, entre
               ellos más de 4,2 millones de mujeres y niños, que han huido de Siria como resultado
               de la violencia imperante,
                    Reiterando su profundo agradecimiento por los considerables y encomiables
               esfuerzos realizados por los países de la región, en particular el Líbano, Jordania,
               Turquía, el Iraq y Egipto, para acoger a los refugiados sirios, y consciente de los
               inmensos gastos y problemas sociales a que hacen frente esos países como
               consecuencia de la crisis,
                     Recordando la necesidad de crear condiciones en todo el país que faciliten el
               regreso seguro, voluntario y digno de los refugiados y desplazados internos a sus
               zonas de residencia en Siria, de conformidad con el derecho internacional, incluidas
               las disposiciones aplicables de la Convención y el Protocolo sobre el Estatuto de los
               Refugiados, teniendo en cuenta los intereses de los países que acogen a refugiados,
                     Exhortando a la comunidad internacional a que aumente la asistencia a Siria
               prestando más ayuda humanitaria, observando con preocupación que la respuesta
               internacional a la crisis siria y regional sigue siendo insuficiente para atender las
               necesidades evaluadas por los Gobiernos de los países de acogida y las Naciones
               Unidas, instando una vez más, por tanto, a todos los Estados Miembros a que, sobr e
               la base de los principios de reparto de la carga, presten apoyo a las Naciones Unidas
               y los países de la región, en particular ejecutando respuestas a mediano y largo plazo
               con el fin de aliviar los efectos en las comunidades, proporcionando mayor
               financiación, que sea flexible y previsible, y aumentando la labor de reasentamiento,
               y haciendo notar la celebración de la segunda Conferencia de Bruselas “Apoyar el
               Futuro de Siria y su Región” en abril de 2018, copresidida por la Unión Europea y las
               Naciones Unidas,
                    Pidiendo que se aceleren las actividades humanitarias relativas a las minas con
               carácter de urgencia en toda Siria,
                     Condenando enérgicamente la detención arbitraria y la tortura de personas en
               Siria, en especial en prisiones y centros de detenció n, así como los secuestros, los
               raptos, las tomas de rehenes y las desapariciones forzadas, y exigiendo el fin
               inmediato de esas prácticas y la liberación de todas las personas detenidas de forma
               arbitraria, empezando por las mujeres y los niños, así como los enfermos, los heridos,
               las personas con discapacidad y las personas de edad avanzada y el personal de las
               Naciones Unidas y humanitario y los periodistas,
                     Observando con gran preocupación que la impunidad existente en Siria
               contribuye a que se cometan vulneraciones y abusos de los derechos humanos e
               infracciones del derecho internacional humanitario generalizados, destacando la
               necesidad de que se ponga fin a la impunidad respecto de tales infracciones y abusos,

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           y poniendo de relieve nuevamente, a este respecto, la necesidad de que se obligue a
           comparecer ante la justicia a quienes hayan cometido esas infracciones y abusos en
           Siria o sean responsables de ellos,
                 Poniendo de relieve que la situación humanitaria seguirá empeorando si no se
           encuentra una solución política del conflicto sirio, de conformidad con la resolución
           2254 (2015), exhortando a todas las partes a avanzar en este sentido y a adoptar
           medidas de fomento de la confianza, y reconociendo las gestiones de la Oficina del
           Enviado Especial y de la comunidad internacional, entre otras las realizadas en el
           marco de Astaná, para lograr la pronta liberación de todas las personas detenidas
           arbitrariamente, especialmente las mujeres y los niños, así como la entrega de los
           cuerpos y la identificación de las personas desaparecidas,
                 Habiendo determinado que la situación humanitaria devastadora imperante en
           Siria sigue constituyendo una amenaza para la paz y la seguridad en la región,
                 Recalcando que los Estados Miembros están obligados en virtud del Artículo 25
           de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas a aceptar y cumplir las decisiones del Consejo,
                1.    Exhorta a todas las partes a que hagan lo posible por que en 2019 se preste
           una asistencia humanitaria basada en principios, sostenida y de mejor calidad en Siria;
                 2.    Reitera su exigencia de que todas las partes, en particular las autoridades
           sirias, cumplan de inmediato las obligaciones que les incumben en virtud del derecho
           internacional, en particular el derecho internacional humanitario y el derecho
           internacional de los derechos humanos, según proceda, exige también que se apliquen
           plena e inmediatamente todas las disposiciones de sus resoluciones sobre la cuestión,
           incluidas las resoluciones 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332
           (2016), 2393 (2017) y 2401 (2018), y recuerda que algunas de las infracciones y
           abusos cometidos en Siria pueden constituir crímenes de guerra y crímenes de lesa
           humanidad;
                 3.   Decide renovar las decisiones que figuran en los párrafos 2 y 3 de su
           resolución 2165 (2014) por un nuevo período de 12 meses, es decir, hasta el 10 de
           enero de 2020;
                 4.   Exige que todas las partes permitan a los convoyes de ayuda humanitaria,
           incluidos los suministros médicos y quirúrgicos, de las Naciones Unidas y sus
           asociados en la ejecución un acceso seguro, sin trabas y sostenido a todas las zonas y
           poblaciones solicitadas con arreglo a la evaluación de las necesidades realizada por
           las Naciones Unidas en todas las zonas de Siria;
                 5.   Reitera que la situación seguirá deteriorándose mientras no se alcance una
           solución política del conflicto en Siria, recuerda su exigencia de que se aplique plena
           e inmediatamente la resolución 2254 (2015) para facilitar una transición política
           dirigida por Siria y que Siria considere propia, de conformidad con el comunicado de
           Ginebra, según se establece en las Declaraciones del Grupo Internacional de Apoyo a
           Siria, con objeto de poner fin al conflicto en el país, y destaca nuevamente que el
           pueblo sirio decidirá el futuro de Siria;
                 6.   Solicita al Secretario General que lo informe cada mes y le presente un
           informe periódico, por lo menos cada 60 días, sobre la aplicación de las resoluciones
           2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017), 2401
           (2018) y de la presente resolución y sobre su cumplimiento por todas las partes
           pertinentes en Siria, y le solicita también que siga incluyendo en sus informes las
           tendencias generales respecto del acceso humanitario translineal y transfronterizo de
           las Naciones Unidas, e información detallada sobre la asistencia humanitaria prestada
           a través de las operaciones humanitarias transfronterizas de las Naciones Unidas
           autorizadas en la resolución 2165 (2014), en particular sobre el número de


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               beneficiarios, la ubicación de las entregas de ayuda en los distritos, y e l volumen y la
               naturaleza de los artículos suministrados;
                     7.    Reafirma que seguirá adoptando medidas en virtud de la Carta de las
               Naciones Unidas en caso de incumplimiento de lo dispuesto en la presente resolución
               o las resoluciones 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016),
               2393 (2017) y 2401 (2018);
                    8.    Decide seguir ocupándose activamente de la cuestión.




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Texte français (official French version): Nations Unies                                                                      S/RES/2449 (2018)
               Conseil de sécurité                                                Distr. générale
                                                                                  13 décembre 2018




               Résolution 2449 (2018)
               Adoptée par le Conseil de sécurité à sa 8423 e séance,
               le 13 décembre 2018

                    Le Conseil de sécurité,
                    Rappelant ses résolutions 2042 (2012), 2043 (2012), 2118 (2013), 2139 (2014),
               2165 (2014), 2175 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2209 (2015), 2235 (2015), 2254 (2015),
               2258 (2015), 2268 (2016), 2286 (2016), 2332 (2016), 2336 (2016), 2393 (2017) et
               2401 (2018), et les déclarations de sa présidence des 3 août 2011 ( S/PRST/2011/16),
               21 mars 2012 (S/PRST/2012/6), 5 avril 2012 (S/PRST/2012/10), 2 octobre 2013
               (S/PRST/2013/15), 24 avril 2015 (S/PRST/2015/10) et 17 août 2015
               (S/PRST/2015/15),
                      Réaffirmant son ferme attachement à la souveraineté, à l’indépendance, à l’unité
               et à l’intégrité territoriale de la Syrie, ainsi qu’aux buts et principes énoncés dans la
               Charte des Nations Unies,
                    Exprimant son indignation devant l’escalade de la violence, qui a atteint un
               niveau inacceptable, et devant la mort, dans le conflit syrien, de centaines de milliers
               de personnes, dont des dizaines de milliers d’enfants,
                    Se disant à nouveau profondément affligé par la persistance de la situation
               humanitaire effroyable que connaît la Syrie et le fait que le nombre de personnes y
               ayant besoin d’une aide humanitaire d’urgence, notamment d’une assistance
               médicale, dépasse 13 millions – dont 6,2 millions, y compris des réfugiés palestiniens,
               sont des déplacés, et plus d’un million vivent toujours dans des zones difficiles
               d’accès,
                     Exprimant sa grave préoccupation devant le fait que les dispositions de ses
               résolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016),
               2393 (2017) et 2401 (2018) ne sont toujours pas pleinement appliquées et rappelant
               à cet égard les obligations qui incombent à toutes les parties en vert u du droit
               international humanitaire et du droit international des droits de l ’homme, ainsi que de
               toutes ses décisions pertinentes, notamment celle de mettre fin aux attaques visant
               des civils et des installations civiles, en particulier les attaques cont re des écoles et
               des installations médicales, le recours sans discrimination à des moyens armés tels
               que l’artillerie, les barils d’explosifs et les frappes aériennes, les bombardements
               aveugles au mortier, les attentats à la voiture piégée, les attentats -suicides et la pose
               de bombes dans des tunnels, ainsi que le recours généralisé à la torture, aux mauvais
               traitements, aux exécutions arbitraires, aux exécutions extrajudiciaires, aux




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              disparitions forcées, à la violence sexuelle et sexiste, ainsi qu ’aux violations et
              exactions graves commises sur la personne d’enfants,
                    Notant les progrès accomplis, puisque des zones de la Syrie ont été reprises à
              l’État islamique d’Iraq et du Levant (EIIL, également connu sous le nom de Daech)
              et au Front el-Nosra, mais se déclarant vivement préoccupé par le fait que certaines
              zones demeurent sous leur contrôle et que leur présence, leur idéologie extrémiste
              violente et leurs agissements sont préjudiciables à la stabilité de la Syrie et de la
              région, et ont des conséquences dévastatrices, notamment sur le plan humanitaire, qui
              ont causé le déplacement de centaines de milliers de civils et la destruction illégale
              du patrimoine culturel, réaffirmant sa volonté de répondre à la menace, sous tous ses
              aspects, que constituent l’EIIL (également connu sous le nom de Daech), le Front el -
              Nosra et tous les autres individus, groupes, entreprises et entités associés à Al -Qaida,
              ainsi que les autres groupes terroristes qu’il a qualifiés comme tels ou qui pourraient
              par la suite être considérés comme tels par le Groupe international de soutien pour la
              Syrie et qualifiés comme tels par lui, et demandant que les dispositions de ses
              résolutions 2170 (2014), 2178 (2014), 2199 (2015), 2249 (2015), 2253 (2015),
              2347 (2017), 2354 (2017), 2368 (2017) et 2370 (2017) soient appliquées
              intégralement,
                    Se déclarant également gravement préoccupé par les mouvements de
              combattants terroristes étrangers et d’autres terroristes et groupes terroristes à
              destination et en provenance de la Syrie et demandant de nouveau à tous les États de
              prendre, en conformité avec le droit international, des mesures visant à prévenir et
              endiguer l’afflux de combattants terroristes étrangers qui rejoignent l ’EIIL, le Front
              el-Nosra et tous les autres individus, groupes, entreprises et entités qui sont associés
              à l’EIIL ou à Al-Qaida, ainsi que les autres groupes terroristes qu’il a qualifiés comme
              tels ou qui pourraient par la suite être considérés comme tels par le Groupe
              international de soutien pour la Syrie et qualifiés comme tels par lui,
                   Réaffirmant que les États Membres doivent veiller à ce que les mesures qu ’ils
              prennent pour lutter contre le terrorisme soient conformes aux obligations que leur
              impose le droit international, en particulier le droit international des droits de
              l’homme, le droit international des réfugiés et le droit international humanitaire,
                    Réaffirmant que c’est aux autorités syriennes qu’il incombe au premier chef de
              protéger la population en Syrie, déclarant de nouveau que les parties au conflit armé
              sont tenues de prendre toutes les mesures possibles pour protéger les civils et
              rappelant à cet égard qu’il exige que toutes les parties au conflit armé s’acquittent
              intégralement des obligations que leur impose le droit international pour ce qui est de
              la protection des civils en temps de conflit armé, y compris les journalistes, les
              professionnels des médias et le personnel associé,
                    Rappelant qu’il a fermement condamné toutes les formes de violence et
              d’intimidation auxquelles continuent d’être exposés ceux et celles qui participent à
              des opérations humanitaires, ainsi que les attaques contre les convois humanitaires et
              les actes de destruction et de pillage de leurs biens, et demandé instamment à toutes
              les parties impliquées dans un conflit armé de favoriser la sûreté, la sécurité et la libre
              circulation du personnel humanitaire, en particulier le personnel médical et les agents
              humanitaires dont l’activité est d’ordre exclusivement médical, et du personnel des
              Nations Unies et du personnel associé, ainsi que de leurs biens, exprimant son
              admiration pour le zèle et le dévouement des volontaires du Croissant -Rouge syrien
              et des autres agents humanitaires qui travaillent dans des conditions extrêmement
              difficiles, et exhortant toutes les parties à prendre toutes les mesures qui s’imposent
              pour garantir la sûreté et la sécurité du personnel des Nations Unies et du personnel
              associé, du personnel des institutions spécialisées du système et de toutes les autres
              personnes participant à des activités de secours humanitaires,

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                Notant que les entités des Nations Unies et leurs partenaires d’exécution ont
           apporté une aide humanitaire à 5,4 millions de personnes en moyenne chaque mois
           en 2018, dont une partie vitale et salvatrice a été acheminée à travers les frontières,
           y compris la fourniture d’une aide alimentaire à un million de personnes en moyenne
           par mois, et qu’elles ont notamment distribué, depuis le début des opérations en 2014,
           des articles non alimentaires à 6 millions de personnes, apporté une aide médicale
           sous forme de 25 millions de traitements et approvisionné en eau et en matériel
           d’assainissement plus de 5 millions de personnes,
                  Redisant la grave préoccupation que lui inspirent les obstacles de toutes sortes
           qui gênent l’acheminement de l’aide humanitaire, notant que l’EIIL (également connu
           sous le nom de Daech), le Front el-Nosra et tous les autres individus, groupes,
           entreprises et entités associés à Al-Qaida entravent la fourniture de l’aide humanitaire
           et se livrent à des manœuvres visant à perturber et à bloquer l’acheminement de l’aide,
                Redisant également la grave préoccupation que lui inspirent les entraves
           continues à l’acheminement d’une aide humanitaire durable et adaptée aux besoins
           dans tout le pays par les voies les plus directes, notamment vers les zones difficiles
           d’accès, et à travers les lignes de front,
                 Se déclarant gravement préoccupé de ce que l’accès aux soins médicaux
           demeure très limité, et réaffirmant qu’il faut respecter le principe de la neutralité du
           corps médical, faciliter le libre passage, dans toutes les zones, du personnel médical,
           du matériel, des transports et des fournitures connexes, y compris des articles
           chirurgicaux,
                 Réaffirmant qu’il faut aider les entités des Nations Unies et leurs partenaires
           d’exécution à acheminer l’aide humanitaire auprès de toutes les personnes qui en ont
           besoin en Syrie, et rappelant également qu’il a décidé dans sa résolution 2165 (2014)
           que toutes les parties syriennes au conflit devaient laisser ces entités et leurs
           partenaires d’exécution acheminer l’aide humanitaire dans toute la Syrie, directement
           et sans entrave, sur la base des évaluations des besoins effectuées par les entités des
           Nations Unies, cette aide étant dénuée de tous préjugés ou motivations p olitiques, et
           notamment lever immédiatement tous les obstacles à la fourniture de l ’aide
           humanitaire,
                 Prenant note du rapport du Secrétaire général en date du 19 juin 2018
           (S/2018/617) sur l’examen des opérations transfrontières des Nations Unies et
           prenant note également de l’action menée pour mettre en œuvre les recommandations
           qui y sont formulées, et soulignant qu’il importe de veiller à ce que l’aide et les
           services humanitaires soient fournis de façon impartiale, non discriminatoire et en
           fonction des besoins, y compris au stade de la distribution, et à ce que ce soit les
           personnes en ayant le plus besoin qui en bénéficient effectivement, et à ce que cette
           aide et ces services ne soient pas détournés à d’autres fins,
                 Saluant le travail accompli par le mécanisme de surveillance qui, conformément
           aux résolutions 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016) et 2393 (2017),
           contrôle les chargements et confirme leur nature humanitaire, le remerciant de ce qu’il
           fait pour aider les entités des Nations Unies et leurs partenaires d ’exécution à faire
           passer l’aide humanitaire par les frontières, soulignant qu’il importe de contrôler plus
           rigoureusement la nature humanitaire des secours des entités des Nations Unies et
           leur livraison à l’intérieur de la Syrie, et encourageant ces entités et leurs partenaires
           d’exécution à continuer de prendre des mesures pour multiplier les livraisons d ’aide
           humanitaire dans tout le pays, notamment dans les zones difficiles d’accès,
                 Rappelant qu’il faut que toutes les parties respectent les dispositions du droit
           international humanitaire sur la question et les principes directeurs de l ’Organisation
           des Nations Unies relatifs à l’aide humanitaire d’urgence, soulignant qu’il importe,

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              dans le cadre de l’aide humanitaire, de défendre les principes d’humanité, de
              neutralité, d’impartialité et d’indépendance, et rappelant qu’il importe également que
              les convois humanitaires parviennent à leurs destinataires,
                    Notant que les accords de cessez-le-feu qui sont conformes aux principes
              humanitaires et aux dispositions du droit international humanitaire peuvent contribuer
              à faciliter l’acheminement de l’aide et, par conséquent, à sauver la vie de civils,
              demandant à nouveau à toutes les parties de respecter et d’honorer les engagements
              qu’elles ont pris au titre des accords de cessez-le-feu conclus antérieurement et
              d’appliquer intégralement les résolutions 2268 (2016) et 2401 (2018), ce qui
              constituerait un pas vers un cessez-le-feu global à l’échelle nationale, et soulignant
              que l’accès humanitaire doit faire partie de ces efforts, conformément au droit
              international humanitaire,
                   Se déclarant vivement préoccupé par le fait que plus de 5,6 millions de réfugiés,
              dont plus de 4,2 millions de femmes et d’enfants, ont fui la Syrie en raison de la
              poursuite des violences,
                    Réaffirmant qu’il apprécie sincèrement les efforts importants et admirables que
              font les pays de la région, notamment le Liban, la Jordanie, la Turquie, l ’Iraq et
              l’Égypte, pour accueillir les réfugiés syriens, et ayant conscience du coût très élevé
              que représente cette crise pour ces pays et des graves difficultés sociales qu ’elle leur
              pose,
                    Rappelant qu’il faut créer dans tout le pays les conditions facilitant le retour
              volontaire des réfugiés et des déplacés à leur domicile en Syrie, dans la sécurité et la
              dignité, conformément au droit international, y compris les dispositions applicables
              de la Convention et du Protocole relatifs au statut des réfugiés, tout en tenant compte
              des intérêts des pays accueillant des réfugiés,
                    Demandant à la communauté internationale de renforcer son assistance à la
              Syrie en accroissant l’aide humanitaire qu’elle lui apporte, notant avec préoccupation
              que l’intervention de la communauté internationale face à la crise qui touche la Syrie
              et la région ne permet toujours pas de répondre aux besoins qu’ont évalués les
              gouvernements des pays d’accueil et les entités des Nations Unies, engageant de
              nouveau vivement tous les États Membres à prêter leur concours à ces entités et aux
              pays de la région, en vertu des principes régissant le partage des charges, notamment
              en prenant des mesures à moyen et à long terme pour atténuer les conséquences de la
              crise pour la population, en assurant un financement plus important, modulable et
              prévisible et en intensifiant les mesures de réinstallation, et prenant note de la
              deuxième conférence sur l’aide à apporter pour l’avenir de la Syrie et des pays de la
              région, tenue à Bruxelles en avril 2018 et coprésidée par l ’Union européenne et
              l’Organisation des Nations Unies,
                  Demandant que soient accélérées de toute urgence les activités de déminage
              humanitaire menées sur tout le territoire syrien,
                    Condamnant fermement la détention arbitraire et la torture pratiquées en Syrie,
              notamment dans les prisons et autres lieux de détention, ainsi que les enlèvements,
              séquestrations, prises d’otages et disparitions forcées, et exigeant que ces pratiques
              cessent immédiatement et que toutes les personnes arbitrairement détenues, en
              premier lieu les femmes et les enfants, soient libérées, de même que les personnes
              malades, blessées, handicapées ou âgées, ainsi que le personnel des Nations Unies,
              les travailleurs humanitaires et les journalistes,
                    Notant avec une vive inquiétude que l’impunité qui règne en Syrie contribue à
              la généralisation des violations des droits de l’homme, des atteintes à ces droits et des
              infractions au droit international humanitaire, soulignant qu’il faut mettre fin à


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           l’impunité de leurs auteurs et réaffirmant, à cet égard, que ceux qui en ont commis en
           Syrie ou en sont responsables de quelque autre manière doivent être traduits en
           justice,
                 Soulignant que la situation humanitaire continuera de se détériorer en l’absence
           d’un règlement politique du conflit syrien qui soit conforme aux dispositions de la
           résolution 2254 (2015), demandant à toutes les parties d’avancer dans ce sens et
           d’instaurer des mesures de confiance, et saluant l’action menée par le Bureau de
           l’Envoyé spécial de l’Organisation des Nations Unies et la communauté
           internationale, y compris dans le cadre du processus d ’Astana, pour obtenir la
           libération rapide de toute personne détenue arbitrairement, en particulier les femmes
           et les enfants, la restitution des corps et l’identification des personnes portées
           disparues,
                Considérant que la situation humanitaire catastrophique qui règne en Syrie
           continue de faire peser une menace sur la paix et la sécurité dans la région,
                 Soulignant que l’Article 25 de la Charte des Nations Unies fait obligation aux
           États Membres d’accepter et d’appliquer ses décisions,
                 1.   Exhorte toutes les parties à garantir qu’une aide humanitaire plus efficace
           et respectueuse des principes établis sera fournie durablement à la Syrie en 2019 ;
                 2.   Exige de nouveau que toutes les parties, en particulier les autorités
           syriennes, s’acquittent sans délai des obligations que leur impose le droit
           international, notamment, selon les cas, le droit international humanitaire et le droit
           international des droits de l’homme, exige également qu’elles appliquent sans délai
           l’ensemble des dispositions de ses résolutions pertinentes, notamment les résolutions
           2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015),2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) et
           2401 (2018), et réaffirme que certaines des exactions commises en Syrie pourraient
           constituer des crimes de guerre et des crimes contre l’humanité ;
                 3.    Décide de prolonger l’application des mesures prises aux paragraphes 2
           et 3 de sa résolution 2165 (2014) pour une nouvelle période de douze mois, à savoir
           jusqu’au 10 janvier 2020 ;
                 4.   Exige que toutes les parties accordent aux convois humanitaires des entités
           des Nations Unies et de leurs partenaires d’exécution, notamment ceux qui
           transportent des fournitures médicales et chirurgicales, un accès sûr, durable et sans
           entrave à toutes les zones et populations recensées dans le cadre de l ’évaluation des
           besoins réalisée par les entités des Nations Unies dans toutes les régions de la Syrie ;
                 5.   Déclare de nouveau qu’en l’absence de règlement politique du conflit
           syrien, la situation continuera de se détériorer et exige à nouveau que toutes les
           dispositions de la résolution 2254 (2015) soient appliquées sans délai pour faciliter
           une transition politique conduite par les Syriens et prise en main par eux,
           conformément au Communiqué de Genève et comme énoncé dans les Déclarations
           du Groupe international de soutien pour la Syrie, en vue de mettre un terme au conflit,
           et souligne une fois encore que c’est au peuple syrien qu’il appartient de décider de
           l’avenir de son pays ;
                 6.    Prie le Secrétaire général de lui faire chaque mois le point de la situation
           et de lui soumettre régulièrement, et au moins tous les 60 jours, un rapport sur
           l’application des résolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015),
           2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) et 2401 (2018) et celle de la présente résolution ainsi que
           sur le respect de leurs dispositions par toutes les parties concernées en Syrie, et le
           prie également de continuer de lui faire part, dans ses rapports, de l ’évolution
           d’ensemble de l’accès des agents humanitaires des Nations Unies à travers les
           frontières et les lignes de front, et de lui communiquer des informations plus détaillées

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S/RES/2449 (2018)


              sur l’aide humanitaire fournie dans le cadre des opérations humanitaires
              transfrontières des entités des Nations Unies, comme l’autorise la résolution
              2165 (2014), y compris le nombre de bénéficiaires, les lieux de livraison de l ’aide
              dans les districts et le volume et la nature des marchandises livrées ;
                    7.   Réaffirme qu’en cas de non-respect de la présente résolution ou des
              résolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016),
              2393 (2017) et 2401 (2018), il prendra d’autres mesures, en vertu de la Charte des
              Nations Unies,
                    8.   Décide de rester activement saisi de la question.




6/6                                                                                                  18-21839

Русский текст (official Russian version): Организация Объединенных Наций                                                            S/RES/2449 (2018)
               Совет Безопасности                                         Distr.: General
                                                                          13 December 2018




               Резолюция 2449 (2018),
               принятая Советом Безопасности на его 8423-м заседании
               13 декабря 2018 года

                    Совет Безопасности,
                    ссылаясь на свои резолюции 2042 (2012), 2043 (2012), 2118 (2013), 2139
               (2014), 2165 (2014), 2175 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2209 (2015), 2235 (2015), 2254
               (2015), 2258 (2015), 2268 (2016), 2286 (2016), 2332 (2016), 2336 (2016), 2393
               (2017) и 2401 (2018) и заявления своего Председателя от 3 августа 2011 года
               (S/PRST/2011/16), 21 марта 2012 года (S/PRST/2012/6), 5 апреля 2012 года
               (S/PRST/2012/10), 2 октября 2013 года (S/PRST/2013/15), 24 апреля 2015 года
               (S/PRST/2015/10) и 17 августа 2015 года (S/PRST/2015/15),
                   вновь подтверждая свою твердую приверженность суверенитету, незави-
               симости, единству и территориальной целостности Сирии, а также целям и
               принципам Устава Организации Объединенных Наций,
                    выражая негодование по поводу неприемлемого уровня насилия и гибели
               сотен тысяч людей, в том числе десятков тысяч детей, в результате конфликта в
               Сирии,
                    вновь выражая серьезную тревогу по поводу сохранения ужасающей гу-
               манитарной ситуации в Сирии, а также в связи с тем, что срочная гуманитарная
               помощь, и в том числе медицинская помощь, требуется более чем 13 миллионам
               человек в Сирии, из которых 6,2 миллиона человек, включая палестинских бе-
               женцев, находятся на положении внутренне перемещенных лиц и более 1 мил-
               лиона человек по-прежнему живут в труднодоступных районах,
                    будучи серьезно обеспокоен недостаточно эффективным выполнением
               своих резолюций 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016),
               2393 (2017) и 2401 (2018) и напоминая в этой связи о юридических обязанностях
               всех сторон по международному гуманитарному праву и международному праву
               прав человека, а также об их обязанностях, вытекающих из всех соответствую-
               щих решений Совета Безопасности, включая прекращение всех нападений на
               гражданских лиц и гражданские объекты, в том числе нападений на школы и
               медицинские учреждения, неизбирательного применения оружия, включая ар-
               тиллерию, «бочковые бомбы» и нанесение воздушных ударов, неизбирательных
               минометных обстрелов, использования начиненных взрывчаткой автомобилей,
               подрывов, совершаемых смертниками, и закладки взрывных устройств в тунне-
               лях, равно как и широкого применения пыток, жестокого обращения,




18-21839 (R)     141218   141218
*1821839*

S/RES/2449 (2018)


               произвольных и внесудебных казней, насильственных исчезновений, сексуаль-
               ного и гендерного насилия, а также всех грубых нарушений и противоправных
               действий, совершаемых в отношении детей,
                    отмечая достигнутый прогресс в деле освобождения отдельных районов
               Сирии из-под контроля Исламского государства Ирака и Леванта (ИГИЛ, извест-
               ного также как ДАИШ) и Фронта «Ан-Нусра» (ФАН), но выражая при этом се-
               рьезную озабоченность по поводу того, что некоторые районы до сих пор нахо-
               дятся под их контролем, и по поводу негативного влияния их присутствия, их
               идеологии воинствующего экстремизма и их действий на уровень стабильности
               в Сирии и в регионе в целом, включая катастрофические гуманитарные послед-
               ствия для гражданского населения, которые привели к вынужденному переме-
               щению сотен тысяч людей и противоправному уничтожению культурного насле-
               дия, подтверждая свою решимость противодействовать во всех аспектах
               угрозе, создаваемой ИГИЛ (известным также как ДАИШ), ФАН и всеми дру-
               гими лицами, группами, предприятиями и организациями, связанными с «Аль-
               Каидой» и прочими террористическими группами, которые были квалифициро-
               ваны в качестве таковых Советом Безопасности Организации Объединенных
               Наций и могут быть дополнительно согласованы Международной группой под-
               держки Сирии (МГПС) и одобрены Советом Безопасности Организации Объ-
               единенных Наций, и призывая к осуществлению в полном объеме резолюций
               Совета Безопасности 2170 (2014), 2178 (2014), 2199 (2015), 2249 (2015), 2253
               (2015), 2347 (2017), 2354 (2017), 2368 (2017) и 2370 (2017),
                    выражая серьезную озабоченность также по поводу перемещения ино-
               странных боевиков-террористов и других террористов и террористических
               групп в Сирию и из нее и вновь призывая все государства принять в соответствии
               с международным правом меры для предотвращения и пресечения потока ино-
               странных боевиков-террористов, поступающих в распоряжение ИГИЛ, ФАН и
               всех других лиц, групп, предприятий и организаций, связанных с ИГИЛ или
               «Аль-Каидой», а также прочими террористическими группами, которые были
               квалифицированы в качестве таковых Советом Безопасности Организации Объ-
               единенных Наций и могут быть дополнительно согласованы Международной
               группой поддержки Сирии (МГПС) и одобрены Советом Безопасности Органи-
               зации Объединенных Наций,
                    вновь подтверждая, что государства-члены должны обеспечивать, чтобы
               любые меры, принимаемые в целях борьбы с терроризмом, соответствовали
               всем их обязательствам по международному праву, в частности международ-
               ному праву прав человека, международному беженскому праву и международ-
               ному гуманитарному праву,
                    вновь подтверждая главную ответственность сирийских властей за обес-
               печение защиты населения Сирии, вновь заявляя, что стороны вооруженного
               конфликта должны принимать все возможные меры для обеспечения защиты
               гражданских лиц, и напоминая в этой связи о своем требовании о том, чтобы все
               стороны вооруженного конфликта полностью выполняли применимые к ним по
               международному праву обязательства, касающиеся защиты во время вооружен-
               ных конфликтов гражданских лиц, включая журналистов, работников средств
               массовой информации и смежный персонал,
                    вновь заявляя о своем решительном осуждении всех форм насилия и запу-
               гивания, которым продолжают подвергаться участники гуманитарных операций,
               а также нападения на гуманитарные конвои и акты уничтожения и разграбления
               их имущества и повторяя свой настоятельный призыв ко всем сторонам, вовле-
               ченным в вооруженный конфликт, содействовать охране, безопасности и сво-
               боде передвижения гуманитарного персонала, в том числе медицинского и

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                                                                                     S/RES/2449 (2018)


           гуманитарного персонала, выполняющего исключительно медицинские функ-
           ции, персонала Организации Объединенных Наций и связанного с ней персо-
           нала и его имущества, выражая неизбывное восхищение самоотверженностью
           и преданностью своему делу добровольцев Сирийского обще ства Красного По-
           лумесяца и других гуманитарных работников, действующих в исключительно
           сложных условиях, и настоятельно призывая все стороны предпринимать все
           надлежащие шаги для обеспечения охраны и безопасности персонала Организа-
           ции Объединенных Наций и связанного с ней персонала, персонала ее специа-
           лизированных учреждений и всего прочего персонала, участвующего в деятель-
           ности по оказанию чрезвычайной гуманитарной помощи,
                отмечая, что в 2018 году Организация Объединенных Наций и ее парт-
           неры-исполнители оказывали гуманитарную помощь в среднем 5,4 миллиона
           человек ежемесячно и что одним из важнейших элементов такой помощи явля-
           лась доставлявшаяся через границы жизненно необходимая помощь, включая
           оказание в 2018 году продовольственной помощи в среднем 1 миллиону человек
           ежемесячно и доставку с начала операций в 2014 году непродовольственной по-
           мощи для 6 миллионов человек, медико-санитарной помощи для проведения
           25 миллионов курсов лечения, а также воды и средств санитарии для более
           5 миллионов человек,
                вновь заявляя о своей серьезной озабоченности всеми случаями создания
           препятствий для эффективного оказания гуманитарной помощи, отмечая, что
           ИГИЛ (известное также как ДАИШ), ФАН и все другие лица, группы, предпри-
           ятия и организации, связанные с «Аль-Каидой», препятствуют эффективной до-
           ставке гуманитарной помощи и несут ответственность за воспрепятствование
           оказанию помощи посредством преднамеренного вмешательства и создания по-
           мех,
                вновь заявляя о своей серьезной озабоченности также продолжающимся
           созданием по всей стране препятствий для устойчивой доставки требуемой гу-
           манитарной помощи по наиболее прямым маршрутам, в том числе в труднодо-
           ступные районы и через линии противостояния,
                выражая серьезную обеспокоенность по поводу того, что доступ к меди-
           цинскому обслуживанию по-прежнему является крайне ограниченным, и вновь
           заявляя о необходимости соблюдения принципа нейтральности медиков и содей-
           ствия свободному пропуску во все районы медицинского персонала, оборудова-
           ния, транспорта и предметов медицинского назначения, включая хирургические
           принадлежности,
                 вновь подтверждая необходимость оказания Организации Объединенных
           Наций и ее партнерам-исполнителям поддержки в их усилиях по увеличению
           объема доставки гуманитарной помощи для охвата всех нуждающихся в Сирии
           и вновь подтверждая далее свое содержащееся в резолюции 2165 (2014) реше-
           ние, согласно которому все сирийские стороны конфликта должны обеспечивать
           возможность незамедлительной и беспрепятственной доставки гуманитарной
           помощи Организацией Объединенных Наций и ее партнерами-исполнителями
           непосредственно населению на всей территории Сирии на основе оценки по-
           требностей Организацией Объединенных Наций и без каких-либо политических
           пристрастий и целей, в том числе посредством незамедлительного устранения
           всех факторов, препятствующих оказанию гуманитарной помощи,
                принимая к сведению доклад Генерального секретаря от 19 июня 2018 года
           (S/2018/617) об обзоре трансграничных операций Организации Объединенных
           Наций и принимая к сведению также прилагаемые в настоящее время усилия в
           целях выполнения содержащихся в нем рекомендаций, а также подчеркивая


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               необходимость обеспечить, чтобы оказание гуманитарной помощи и услуг, в том
               числе на этапе распределения, было объективным, недискриминационным и ос-
               нованным на потребностях и чтобы — во избежание нецелевого использова-
               ния — такая помощь и услуги предоставлялись именно тем, кто больше всего в
               них нуждается,
                    выражая удовлетворение по поводу работы мониторингового механизма
               Организации Объединенных Наций для отслеживания поставок и подтвержде-
               ния их гуманитарного характера в соответствии с резолюциями 2165 (2014),
               2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016) и 2393 (2017), высоко оценивая работу ме-
               ханизма по оказанию содействия трансграничной доставке гуманитарной по-
               мощи Организацией Объединенных Наций и ее партнерами-исполнителями,
               подчеркивая важность дальнейшего осуществления эффективного мониторинга
               гуманитарного характера грузов чрезвычайной помощи, поставляемых Органи-
               зацией Объединенных Наций, и их доставки внутри Сирии и призывая Органи-
               зацию Объединенных Наций и ее партнеров-исполнителей и далее предприни-
               мать шаги в целях увеличения объема гуманитарных поставок во все районы
               страны, особенно в труднодоступные,
                    вновь заявляя о том, что всем сторонам необходимо уважать и соблюдать
               соответствующие нормы международного гуманитарного права и руководящие
               принципы Организации Объединенных Наций в отношении оказания чрезвы-
               чайной гуманитарной помощи, подчеркивая важность соблюдения принципов
               гуманности, нейтральности, беспристрастности и независимости при оказании
               гуманитарной помощи и напоминая также о важности того, чтобы гуманитарные
               грузы доходили до получателей, которым они предназначаются,
                    отмечая роль, которую могут играть соглашения о прекращении огня, со-
               ответствующие гуманитарным принципам и нормам международного гумани-
               тарного права, в деле содействия оказанию гуманитарной помощи в интересах
               спасения жизни мирных граждан, вновь призывая все стороны уважать и выпол-
               нять свои обязательства по существующим соглашениям о прекращении огня, а
               также обеспечить полное осуществление резолюций 2268 (2016) и 2401 (2018)
               в качестве одного из шагов на пути к всеобъемлющему прекращению огня на
               всей территории страны и особо отмечая, что обеспечение гуманитарного до-
               ступа должно быть частью таких усилий в соответствии с международным гу-
               манитарным правом,
                   выражая серьезную обеспокоенность положением более чем 5,6 миллиона
               беженцев, включая более 4,2 миллиона женщин и детей, которые покинули Си-
               рию по причине непрекращающегося насилия,
                    вновь выражая глубокую признательность за существенные и достойные
               восхищения усилия, прилагаемые странами региона, особенно Ливаном, Иорда-
               нией, Турцией, Ираком и Египтом, в целях размещения сирийских беженцев, и
               памятуя об огромных издержках и социальных проблемах, с которыми сталки-
               ваются эти страны вследствие кризиса,
                    напоминая, о том, что на всей территории страны необходимо создать бла-
               гоприятные условия для безопасного, добровольного и достойного возвращения
               беженцев и внутренне перемещенных лиц и содействовать их возвращению в
               свои родные места в Сирии в соответствии с международным правом, включая
               применимые положения Конвенции о статусе беженцев и Протокола к ней, с
               учетом интересов стран, принимающих беженцев,
                    призывая международное сообщество активизировать оказание поддержки
               Сирии путем предоставления дополнительной гуманитарной помощи, с озабо-
               ченностью отмечая, что международные меры реагирования на кризис в Сирии

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                                                                                        S/RES/2449 (2018)


           и регионе все еще не соответствуют потребностям, определенным правитель-
           ствами принимающих стран и Организацией Объединенных Наций, вновь
           настоятельно призывая в этой связи все государства-члены к тому, чтобы они,
           основываясь на принципах распределения бремени, оказывали поддержку Ор-
           ганизации Объединенных Наций и странам региона, в том числе посредством
           принятия средне- и долгосрочных мер по смягчению последствий, испытывае-
           мых местными общинами, выделения гибким и предсказуемым образом боль-
           шего объема финансирования и активизации усилий по расселению, и отмечая
           проведение в Брюсселе в апреле 2018 года второй конференции в поддержку бу-
           дущего в Сирии под совместным председательством Европейского союза и Ор-
           ганизации Объединенных Наций,
                призывая активизировать в неотложном порядке гуманитарную деятель-
           ность, связанную с разминированием, на всей территории Сирии,
                решительно осуждая произвольные задержания и пытки людей в Сирии, в
           частности в тюрьмах и местах содержания под стражей, а также похищение лю-
           дей с целью и без цели выкупа, захват заложников и насильственные исчезнове-
           ния и требуя незамедлительного прекращения этой практики и освобождения
           всех произвольно задержанных лиц, в первую очередь женщин и детей, а также
           больных, раненых, инвалидов, престарелых и сотрудников Организации Объ-
           единенных Наций и гуманитарных учреждений и журналистов,
                с глубокой озабоченностью отмечая, что безнаказанность в Сирии влечет
           за собой широкомасштабные нарушения прав человека и посягательства на них,
           а также нарушения норм международного гуманитарного права, подчеркивая
           необходимость положить конец безнаказанности за такие нарушения и посяга-
           тельства и вновь подчеркивая в этой связи, что те, кто совершили такие наруше-
           ния и посягательства в Сирии или иным образом несут за них ответственность,
           должны предстать перед судом,
                особо отмечая, что гуманитарная ситуация будет и далее ухудшаться в от-
           сутствие политического урегулирования сирийского конфликта в соответствии
           с резолюцией 2254 (2015), и призывая все стороны добиваться прогресса в этом
           отношении и принять меры по укреплению доверия и принимая во внимание
           усилия, прилагаемые Канцелярией Специального посланника Организации
           Объединенных Наций и международным сообществом, в том числе в рамках
           Астанинского процесса, с целью добиться скорейшего освобождения всех про-
           извольно задержанных лиц, в особенности женщин и детей, а также обеспечить
           передачу тел погибших и идентификацию пропавших без вести лиц,
                определяя, что ужасающая гуманитарная ситуация в Сирии по-прежнему
           создает угрозу миру и безопасности в регионе,
               подчеркивая, что согласно статье 25 Устава Организации Объединенных
           Наций государства-члены обязаны подчиняться решениям Совета и выполнять
           их,
                1.    призывает все стороны обеспечить основанное на твердых принци-
           пах, устойчивое и более эффективное оказание гуманитарной помощи Сирии в
           2019 году;
                2.   вновь подтверждает свое требование о том, чтобы все стороны, в
           частности сирийские власти, незамедлительно выполнили свои обязанности по
           международному праву, включая применимые нормы международного гумани-
           тарного права и международного права прав человека, требует далее полного и
           безотлагательного осуществления всех положений всех соответствующих резо-
           люций Совета Безопасности, включая резолюции 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191


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               (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) и 2401 (2018), и напоминает о том,
               что некоторые из нарушений и посягательств, совершенных в Сирии, могут ква-
               лифицироваться как военные преступления и преступления против человечно-
               сти;
                     3.    постановляет продлить срок действия решений, содержащихся в
               пунктах 2 и 3 резолюции 2165 (2014) Совета Безопасности, еще на 12 месяцев,
               т.е. до 10 января 2020 года;
                    4.  требует далее, чтобы все стороны предоставляли безопасный, бес-
               препятственный и стабильный доступ гуманитарным конвоям Организации
               Объединенных Наций и ее партнеров-исполнителей, в том числе с предметами
               медицинского назначения и хирургическими принадлежностями, во все запро-
               шенные районы и ко всем группам населения на основе повсеместной оценки
               потребностей Организацией Объединенных Наций в Сирии;
                    5.   вновь заявляет, что в отсутствие политического урегулирования си-
               рийского конфликта ситуация будет и далее ухудшаться, напоминает о своем
               требовании полного и незамедлительного выполнения резолюции 2254 (2015) в
               интересах содействия осуществлению политического перехода под руковод-
               ством и при активном участии самих сирийцев в соответствии с Женевским ком-
               мюнике, как это предусмотрено в заявлениях МГПС, с целью положить конец
               конфликту в Сирии и вновь подчеркивает, что будущее Сирии определит сам
               сирийский народ;
                    6.    просит Генерального секретаря ежемесячно информировать Совет в
               формате брифинга и на регулярной основе, не реже чем каждые 60 дней, пред-
               ставлять доклады об осуществлении резолюций 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191
               (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017), 2401 (2018) и настоящей резолю-
               ции и о соблюдении их положений всеми соответствующими сторонами в Сирии
               и просит также Генерального секретаря и далее освещать в своих докладах
               общие тенденции в части предоставления Организации Объединенных Наций
               гуманитарного доступа через линии противостояния и через границы, а также
               включать в них подробную информацию о гуманитарной помощи, оказываемой
               в рамках трансграничных гуманитарных операций Организации Объединенных
               Наций, санкционированных резолюцией 2165 (2014), в том числе о численности
               получателей помощи, местах ее доставки на районном уровне, количестве и ха-
               рактере доставленных грузов;
                    7.   вновь заявляет, что он будет принимать дальнейшие меры в соответ-
               ствии с Уставом Организации Объединенных Наций в случае невыполнения
               настоящей резолюции или резолюций 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014),
               2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) и 2401 (2018);
                    8.   постановляет продолжать активно заниматься этим вопросом.




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中文文本 (official Chinese version): 联合国                                                              S/RES/2449(2018)
               安全理事会                                              Distr.: General
                                                                  13 December 2018




               第 2449(2018)号决议

               2018 年 12 月 13 日安全理事会第 8423 次会议通过

                   安全理事会，

                   回顾其第 2042(2012)、2043(2012)、2118(2013)、2139(2014)、2165(2014)、
               2175(2014)、2191(2014)、2209(2015)、2235(2015)、2254(2015)、2258(2015)、
               2268(2016)、2286(2016)、2332(2016)、2336(2016)、2393(2017)和 2401(2018)号决
               议，以及 2011 年 8 月 3 日(S/PRST/2011/16)、2012 年 3 月 21 日(S/PRST/2012/6)、
               2012 年 4 月 5 日(S/PRST/2012/10)、2013 年 10 月 2 日(S/PRST/2013/15)、2015 年
               4 月 24 日(S/PRST/2015/10)和 2015 年 8 月 17 日(S/PRST/2015/15)安理会主席
               声明，

                   重申对叙利亚主权、独立、统一和领土完整以及对《联合国宪章》的宗旨和
               原则的坚定承诺，

                   对叙利亚冲突导致的不可接受的暴力程度和包括数万名儿童在内的数十万
               人被杀表示愤慨，

                   重申深为忧虑叙利亚境内的人道主义局势仍然严峻，叙利亚境内有逾 1 300
               万人迫切需要人道主义援助，包括医疗援助，其中有 620 万人在境内流离失所，
               包括巴勒斯坦难民，还有 100 多万人仍生活在难以进入地区，

                   严 重 关 切 安 理 会 第 2139(2014)、 2165(2014) 、 2191(2014)、 2258(2015) 、
               2332(2016)、2393(2017)和 2401(2018)号决议未得到充分执行，为此回顾国际人道
               主义法和国际人权法以及安全理事会所有相关决定为各方规定了法律义务，包括
               停止所有对平民和民用物体的袭击，其中包括袭击学校和医疗设施、滥用包括大
               炮和桶装炸弹在内的武器和进行空袭、用迫击炮狂轰滥炸、使用汽车炸弹、发动
               自杀袭击和使用钻地炸弹，停止广泛实施酷刑、虐待、任意处决、法外处决、强
               迫失踪、性暴力和性别暴力，以及停止一切严重侵害和虐待儿童的行为，

                   注意到在从伊拉克和黎凡特伊斯兰国(伊黎伊斯兰国，又称达伊沙)和努斯拉
               阵线手中收复叙利亚境内地区方面取得的进展，但表示严重关切一些地区仍在这
               两个组织的控制下，严重关切这两个组织的存在以及暴力极端主义思想和行动对

18-21839 (C)
*1821839*

S/RES/2449 (2018)


               叙利亚和该区域的稳定产生不利影响，包括对平民产生巨大人道主义影响，致使
               数十万人流离失所，文化遗产遭非法破坏，重申安理会决心应对伊黎伊斯兰国(又
               称达伊沙)、努斯拉阵线和其他所有与基地组织有关联的个人、团体、企业和实体
               以及联合国安全理事会认定并且还可能得到叙利亚国际支持小组同意和联合国
               安全理事会认同的其他恐怖主义团体所造成威胁的所有方面，要求全面执行安全
               理事会第 2170(2014)、2178(2014)、2199(2015)、2249(2015)、2253(2015)、2347(2017)、
               2354(2017)、2368(2017)和 2370(2017)号决议，

                    又表示严重关切外国恐怖主义作战人员以及其他恐怖主义分子和恐怖主义
               团体进出叙利亚，再次促请所有国家根据国际法采取步骤，防止和制止外国恐怖
               主义作战人员加入伊黎伊斯兰国、努斯拉阵线和其他所有与伊黎伊斯兰国或基地
               组织有关联的个人、团体、企业和实体以及联合国安全理事会认定并且还可能得
               到叙利亚国际支持小组同意和联合国安全理事会认同的其他恐怖主义团体，

                    重申会员国必须确保为打击恐怖主义而采取的任何措施都符合会员国根据
               国际法，特别是国际人权法、国际难民法和国际人道主义法承担的所有义务，

                    重申叙利亚当局负有保护叙利亚民众的首要责任，重申武装冲突各方必须采
               取一切可行步骤保护平民，为此回顾安理会要求武装冲突所有各方全面履行国际
               法规定的对其适用的关于在武装冲突中保护平民，包括保护新闻记者、媒体专业
               人员和相关人员的义务，

                    再次强烈谴责继续针对参与人道主义行动者的各种形式暴力和恐吓以及袭
               击人道主义车队及毁坏和抢劫其资产的行为，再次敦促武装冲突所有各方促进人
               道主义人员，包括医护人员和专门从事医护工作的人道主义人员，以及联合国及
               其相关人员和他们的财产的安全、保障和通行自由，继续表示钦佩在极为艰难条
               件下开展工作的叙利亚红新月会志愿人员和其他人道主义工作者的奉献和忠于
               职守精神，敦促所有各方采取一切适当步骤，确保联合国及其相关人员、联合国
               专门机构人员和其他所有参加人道主义救济活动的人员的安全和保障，

                    注意到联合国及其执行伙伴 2018 年每月向平均 540 万人提供人道主义援助，
               且跨境提供的拯救生命的援助为其中一个重要部分，包括 2018 年每月向平均 100
               万人提供粮食援助，注意到从 2014 年行动开始以来已为 600 万民众提供非粮食
               物品，通过 2 500 万次治疗提供医疗援助并为逾 500 万人提供水和卫生用品，

                    重申严重关切所有阻碍有效运送人道主义援助的事件，注意到伊黎伊斯兰国
               (又称达伊沙)、努斯拉阵线和其他所有与基地组织有关联的个人、团体、企业和
               实体阻碍有效运送人道主义援助，并通过蓄意干扰和阻挠，阻止运送援助，

                    还重申严重关切通过最直接路线并根据需要向全国各地、包括难以进入地区
               和跨冲突线持续运送人道主义援助的工作继续受到阻碍，

                    表示严重关切获取医护服务仍然受到严重限制，重申需要遵守医务中立原
               则，为医护人员、医疗设备、运输工具和医疗用品(包括手术器材)在所有地区自
               由通行提供便利，


2/5                                                                                      18-21839

                                                            S/RES/2449 (2018)


             重申需要支持联合国及其执行伙伴努力向叙利亚所有需要援助的人扩大提
           供人道主义援助，还重申安理会第 2165(2014)号决议中决定，叙利亚冲突所有各
           方应立即让联合国及其执行伙伴根据联合国对需求做出的评估，在不带任何政治
           偏见和目的的情况下，不受阻碍地将人道主义援助直接运送给叙利亚各地民众，
           包括立即消除所有阻碍提供人道主义援助的障碍，

             表示注意到 2018 年 6 月 19 日秘书长关于审查联合国跨国界援助行动的报告
           (S/2018/617)，还表示注意到正在为实施报告中所载各项建议作出努力，强调指出
           需确保人道主义援助和服务的提供，包括在分发阶段，是公正和非歧视性的，且
           以需要为依据，确保最有需要者能得益于这些援助和服务，援助和服务不被不当
           使用，

             表示赞赏联合国监测机制根据第 2165(2014)、2191(2014)、2258(2015)、
           2332(2016)和 2393(2017)号决议监测货物和核实货物的人道主义性质，赞扬该机
           制努力为联合国及其执行伙伴跨境运送人道主义援助提供便利，强调必须进一步
           大力监测联合国救济物资的人道主义性质及其在叙利亚境内的运送情况，并鼓励
           联合国及其执行伙伴继续采取步骤，向叙利亚各地、特别是难以进入地区运送更
           多的人道主义援助，

             重申所有各方都需要遵守和维护国际人道主义法的相关规定和联合国人道
           主义紧急援助指导原则，强调在提供人道主义援助方面必须维护人道、中立、公
           正和独立原则，又回顾必须将人道主义援助送达原定受益者，

             注意到符合人道主义原则和国际人道主义法的停火协定可发挥作用，促进提
           供人道主义援助以帮助拯救平民生命，再次促请所有各方尊重并履行对现行停火
           协定的承诺，全面执行第 2268(2016)和 2401(2018)号决议，作为实现全国全面停
           火的步骤，并强调按照国际人道主义法，人道主义援助准入必须是这种努力的一
           部分，

             表示严重关切由于持续不断的暴力而逃离叙利亚的逾 560 万难民，其中包括
           逾 420 万妇女和儿童，

             再次深切感谢该区域各国，特别是黎巴嫩、约旦、土耳其、伊拉克和埃及，
           为接纳叙利亚难民做出令人称道的重大努力，意识到这场危机给这些国家带来的
           巨大开支和社会挑战，

             回顾指出，需要根据国际法，包括适用的《关于难民地位的公约》及其《议
           定书》的相关条款，在全国各地创造条件，促进难民和境内流离失所者安全、自
           愿和有尊严地返回在叙利亚各地的家园，同时考虑到收容难民的那些国家的利益，

             促请国际社会更多帮助叙利亚，提供更多的人道主义援助，关切地注意到，
           国际社会对叙利亚危机和区域危机做出的反应仍然无法满足东道国政府和联合
           国估算出的需求，因此再次敦促所有会员国根据共同承担的原则支持联合国和该
           区域各国，包括实施中期和长期对策来减轻对各个群体的影响，提供更多、更灵



18-21839                                                                  3/5

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               活和更可预测的资金，并加强重新安置工作，注意到 2018 年 4 月在布鲁塞尔召
               开、由欧洲联盟和联合国共同主持的第二次支持叙利亚及地区未来会议，

                    呼吁作为一个紧急事项加速在叙利亚各地开展人道主义排雷工作，

                    强烈谴责叙利亚境内的任意拘留和实施酷刑行为，特别是在监狱和拘留设施
               中，以及绑架、劫持、扣押人质和强迫失踪行为，要求立即停止这些行为，释放
               所有被任意拘留者，首先释放妇女和儿童及生病受伤者、残疾人和老年人以及联
               合国人员、人道主义人员和记者，

                    严重关切地注意到叙利亚境内的有罪不罚现象助长了侵犯践踏人权和违反
               国际人道主义法行为的盛行，强调指出需要终止这些违法侵权行为未受惩罚的局
               面，并为此再次强调，必须将叙利亚境内有这些违法侵权行为或应对此类行为承
               担责任的人绳之以法，

                    强调如果不按照第 2254(2015)号决议实现叙利亚冲突的政治解决，人道主义
               局势会继续进一步恶化，促请各方在这方面取得进展并采取建立信任措施，确认
               联合国特使办公室和国际社会作出的努力，包括在阿斯塔纳框架内推动及早释放
               任何被任意关押者，特别是妇女和儿童，移交遗骸及确定失踪人员，

                    认定叙利亚境内破坏性人道主义局势继续对该区域的和平与安全构成威胁，

                    特别指出会员国有义务按照《联合国宪章》第二十五条接受并执行安理会的
               决定，

                    1.   促请所有各方确保 2019 年对叙利亚的人道主义援助恪守原则、持续不
               断且有所改善；

                    2.   再次要求所有各方、特别是叙利亚当局立即履行相关国际法，包括适用
               的国际人道主义法和国际人权法规定的义务，
                                  又要求立即全面执行第 2139(2014)、
               2165(2014)、2191(2014)、2258(2015)、2332(2016)、2393(2017)和 2401(2018)号决
               议等安全理事会相关决议的所有规定，并回顾叙利亚境内的某些侵权违法行为可
               能构成战争罪和危害人类罪；

                    3.   决定将安全理事会第 2165(2014)号决议第 2 和 3 段所载各项决定的期限
               再延续 12 个月，直至 2020 年 1 月 10 日；

                    4.   还要求所有各方按照联合国对叙利亚所有地区需求的评估，允许联合国
               及其执行伙伴的人道主义车队，包括医疗和手术用品，安全、不受阻碍和持续地
               进入所有提出请求的地区和民众；

                    5.   重申若叙利亚冲突无法获得政治解决，则局势还会继续恶化，再次要求
               按叙利亚国际支持小组声明提及的《日内瓦公报》
                                    ，立即全面执行第 2254(2015)号
               决议，促进叙利亚人主导和叙利亚人自主的政治过渡，以便结束叙利亚冲突，再
               次强调指出，叙利亚人民将决定叙利亚的未来；




4/5                                                                                   18-21839

                                                                            S/RES/2449 (2018)


              6.   请秘书长每月向安理会通报并至少每 60 天定期提交报告，说明第
           2139(2014)、2165(2014)、2191(2014)、2258(2015)、2332(2016)、2393(2017)、
           2401(2018)号决议和本决议的执行情况以及叙利亚境内所有有关各方的遵守情况，
           还请秘书长继续在报告中说明联合国跨冲突线和跨境人道主义准入的总体趋势，
           并详细说明依据第 2165(2014)号决议授权、通过联合国人道主义跨境行动送达的
           人道主义援助情况，包括惠益对象人数、县级援助送达地点以及送达物品的数量
           和性质；

              7.   重申安理会将在发生不遵守本决议或第 2139(2014)、2165(2014)、
           2191(2014)、2258(2015)、2332(2016)、2393(2017)和 2401(2018)号决议的情况时，
           根据《联合国宪章》采取进一步措施；

              8.   决定继续积极处理此案。




18-21839                                                                                  5/5

النص العربي (official Arabic version): ‫)‪S/RES/2449 (2018‬‬                                                                                                     ‫األمــم املتحـدة‬
‫‪Distr.: General‬‬
‫‪13 December 2018‬‬                                                                                        ‫مجلس األمن‬



                                                                                                   ‫القرار ‪)2018( 2449‬‬
                ‫‪ 13‬كذذونوا األ‪/‬‬                ‫جلسذ ذ ذ ذ ذ ذ ذ ‪ ،8423‬المعقودة‬                     ‫ال ذ ا اذه ذ س مجلس األمن‬
                                                                                                            ‫ديسمبر ‪2018‬‬
                                                                                                         ‫إا مجلس األمن‪،‬‬
             ‫إذ يش ذ ذ ذ ذ ذ ذ ذ ذ ذ ذذر إىل قـ ـ ـ ـ ا ا ـ ـ ـ ـ ‪ )2012( 2042‬و ‪ )2012( 2043‬و ‪)2013( 2118‬‬
             ‫و ‪ )2014( 2139‬و ‪ )2014( 2165‬و ‪ )2014( 2175‬و ‪ )2014( 2191‬و ‪)2015( 2209‬‬
             ‫و ‪ )2015( 2235‬و ‪ )2015( 2254‬و ‪ )2015( 2258‬و ‪ )2016( 2268‬و ‪)2016( 2286‬‬
              ‫و ‪ )2016( 2332‬و ‪ )2016( 2336‬و ‪ )2017( 2393‬و ‪ ،)2018( 2401‬وإىل بيانات ئيس‬
             ‫املؤ خة ‪ 3‬آب‪/‬أغس ـ ـ ـ ‪ )S/PRST/2011/16( 2011‬و ‪ 21‬آذا ‪/‬ما س ‪)S/PRST/2012/6( 2012‬‬
             ‫و ‪ 5‬نيسان‪/‬أب يل ‪ )S/PRST/2012/10( 2012‬و ‪ 2‬ش ين األول‪/‬أكتوب ‪)S/PRST/2013/15( 2013‬‬
             ‫و ‪ 24‬نيسان‪/‬أب يل ‪ )S/PRST/2015/10( 2015‬و ‪ 17‬آب‪/‬أغس ‪،)S/PRST/2015/15( 2015‬‬
             ‫‪/‬إذ يؤكد من جديد التزام القوي بس ـ ـ ـ ــيااة ق ـ ـ ـ ــو يا واق ـ ـ ـ ــتق ا وو د ا وق ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ مة أ ا ـ ـ ـ ــي ا‪،‬‬
                                                                                                        ‫ومبقاصد ميثاق األمم املتحدة ومباائ ‪،‬‬
                ‫‪/‬إذ يعرب عن اس ذ رهورس الش ذذديد لفدا ة أعمال العنف ومقتل مئات اآلالف من األشـ ـ ا‬
                                     ‫من ج اء النزاع السو ي‪ ،‬من بين م عش ات اآلالف من الضحايا بني األطفال‪،‬‬
             ‫‪/‬إذ يهرر اإلعراب عن أسوس العم ق القــتم ا الو ــن ايننســا امل وع يف قــو يا وألن أكث من‬
             ‫‪ 13‬مليون ش ـ ـ ـ ي يف ق ـ ـ ــو يا م اآلن ةاجة إىل املس ـ ـ ــاعدة ايننس ـ ـ ــانية العاجلة‪ ،‬مبا يف ذل املس ـ ـ ــاعدة‬
             ‫ال بي ـ ــة‪ ،‬من بين م ‪ 6.2‬م يني من املش ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ اين ااخلي ـ ــا‪ ،‬من م الجئون ملس ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ينيون‪ ،‬وأن أكث من‬
                                                              ‫مليون ش ي ما زالوا يعيشون يف مناطق يصعب الوصول إلي ا‪،‬‬
             ‫‪/‬إذ يس ذ ذ ذ ذ ذ ذ ذذو‪/‬رس ب ذ ذذولل القلق لعـ ـ ــد نفي ـ ـ ـذ ق ا ا ـ ـ ـ ‪ )2014( 2139‬و ‪)2014( 2165‬‬
             ‫و ‪ )2014( 2191‬و ‪ )2015( 2258‬و ‪ )2016( 2332‬و ‪ )2017( 2393‬و ‪)2018( 2401‬‬
             ‫على حنو كاف‪/ ،‬إذ يشذ ذ ذ ذ ذ ر يف ذا الصـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــدا إىل االلتزامات القانونية ال قن على عا ق مجين األط اف‬
             ‫مبوجب القانون الدويل ايننسـ ـ ـ ــا والقانون الدويل سقوق ايننسـ ـ ـ ــان‪ ،‬ومبوجب مجين الق ا ات ذات الص ـ ـ ــلة‬
                   ‫الصاا ة عن جمل األمن‪ ،‬وال شمل وقف مجين ا جمات د املدنيني واملمتلكات املدنية‪ ،‬مبا يف ذل‬


                                                                                                                                               ‫)‪18-21839 (A‬‬
                                                                                                                            ‫*‪*1821839‬‬

                                                                                                                                            ‫)‪S/RES/2449 (2018‬‬


             ‫ا جمات على املدا س وامل امق ال بية‪ ،‬واالق ـ ــت دا العشـ ـ ـوائ ل ق ـ ــلحة‪ ،‬مبا يف ذل القص ـ ــف املدمع‬
           ‫والرباميل املتفج ة والقصـ ـ ــف اقوي والقصـ ـ ــف العش ـ ـ ـوائ بقذائف ا اون والسـ ـ ــيا ات املف ة وا جمات‬
           ‫االنتحا ية وقنابل األنفاق‪ ،‬مض ـ ـ ـ عن ا سـ ـ ــاع ن اق أعمال التعذيب‪ ،‬وقـ ـ ــوء املعاملة‪ ،‬واينعدا عس ـ ــفا‪،‬‬
           ‫والقتل خا ج ن اق القضـ ــاء‪ ،‬و االت االختفاء القس ـ ـ ي‪ ،‬والعنف اقنس ـ ـ واقنسـ ــا ‪ ،‬مض ـ ـ عن مجين‬
                                                              ‫االنت اكات واالعتداءات اقسيمة امل كبة د األطفال‪،‬‬
           ‫‪/‬إذ يالحظ التقد احمل ز يف اقـ ـ ـ ــتعااة مناطق يف قـ ـ ـ ــو يا من نييم الدولة اينق ـ ـ ـ ـ مية يف الع اق‬
           ‫والشــا (املع وف أيضــا باقــم ااعه) وجب ة النص ـ ة‪/ ،‬إذ يعرب عن قلق البولل من ذل من أن مناطق‬
           ‫ما زالت خا عة لسي ة ذين التنييمني‪ ،‬ومن اآلثا السلبية لوجوامها وإيديولوجيت ما وأعما ما املت مة‬
                 ‫العنيفة على االق ــتق ا يف ق ــو يا واملن قة‪ ،‬مبا يف ذل اآلثا ايننس ــانية املدم ة على الس ــكان املدنيني ال‬
           ‫أات إىل نـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــزوم مئات اآلالف من األش ا والتدمري غري الش ع للرتاث الثقايف‪/ ،‬إذ يؤكد من جديد‬
           ‫صـ ـ ــميم على التصـ ـ ــدي قمين جوانب الت ديد الذي يشـ ـ ــكل نييم الدولة اينق ـ ـ ـ مية (املع وف أيض ـ ــا‬
           ‫باق ـ ـ ــم ااعه) وجب ة النص ـ ـ ـ ـ ة وق ـ ـ ــائ اق ات من األم اا واقماعات واملؤق ـ ـ ـ ـس ـ ـ ــات والكيانات امل ب ة‬
           ‫بتنييم القاعدة‪ ،‬وغري ا من اقماعات اين ابية‪ ،‬على النحو الذي يق ه جمل األمن التابن ل مم املتحدة‬
           ‫وومق ما قد يكون حمل ا فاق إ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــايف من جانب الف يق الدويل لدعم قـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــو يا ويق ه جمل األمن التابن‬
           ‫ل مم املتحدة‪/ ،‬إذ يدعو إىل التنفيذ الكامل لق ا ات جمل األمن ‪ )2014( 2170‬و ‪)2014( 2178‬‬
           ‫و ‪ )2015( 2199‬و ‪ )2015( 2249‬و ‪ )2015( 2253‬و ‪ )2017( 2347‬و ‪)2017( 2354‬‬
                                                                                ‫و ‪ )2017( 2368‬و ‪،)2017( 2370‬‬
           ‫‪/‬إذ يعرب عن قلق البولل أيض ـ ـ ـ ـ ــا من نقل املقا لني اين ابيني األجانب وغري م من اين ابيني‬
           ‫واقم ــاع ــات اين ــابي ــة من قـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــو ي ــا وإلي ــا‪ ،‬وإذ يك ـ كي ــد ن ــدائ ـ إىل مجين ال ــدول أن ت ــذ‪ ،‬ومقــا‬
           ‫للقانون الدويل‪ ،‬اخل وات ال زمة ملنن وقمن دمق املقا لني اين ابيني األجانب إىل نييم الدولة اينق مية‬
           ‫وجب ة النص ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ة وق ـ ـ ـ ــائ اق ات من األم اا واقماعات واملؤق ـ ـ ـ ـ ـس ـ ـ ـ ــات والكيانات امل ب ة بتنييم الدولة‬
           ‫اينق ـ ـ مية أو نييم القاعدة‪ ،‬وغريمها من اقماعات اين ابية‪ ،‬على النحو الذي يق ه جمل األمن التابن‬
                ‫ل مم املتحدة وومق ما قد يكون حمل ا فاق إ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــايف من جانب الف يق الدويل لدعم ق ـ ـ ـ ـ ــو يا ويق ه جمل‬
                                                                                                        ‫األمن التابن ل مم املتحدة‪،‬‬
           ‫‪/‬إذ يؤكد مجددا أن الدول األعضاء جيب أن ضمن امتثال أي دابري ُـتَّ ذ من أجل مكامحة‬
           ‫اين اب قمين االلتزامات الواقعة على عا ق ا مبوجب القانون الدويل‪ ،‬وخاص ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــة القانون الدويل سقوق‬
                                                               ‫ايننسان والقانون الدويل ل جئني والقانون الدويل ايننسا ‪،‬‬
           ‫‪/‬إذ يؤكد من جديد أن الس ـ ـ ــل ات الس ـ ـ ــو ية املس ـ ـ ــؤولة يف املقا األول عن كاية الس ـ ـ ــكان‬
           ‫يف قو يا‪/ ،‬إذ يهرر ال أك د على أن جيب على أط اف النـزاع املسلح اختاذ مجين اخل وات املمكنة سماية‬
             ‫املدنيني‪/ ،‬إذ يش ذ ذ ذ ر يف ذا الص ـ ـ ــدا إىل م البت مجين أط اف الن ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـزاع املس ـ ـ ــلح ب ن متتثل امتثاال كام‬
           ‫ل لتزامات السا ية علي ا مبوجب أ كا القانون الدويل املتعلقة ةماية املدنيني يف النـزاع املسلح‪ ،‬مبن مي م‬
                                                                                           ‫الصحفيون واينع ميون واألم اا امل ب ون هبم‪،‬‬
           ‫‪/‬إذ يهرر ذأك د إدان الش ذ ذ ذ ذ ذذديدة قمين أشـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــكال العنف والت ويف ال ما زال يتع ض ا‬
           ‫املشاكون يف العمليات ايننسانية‪ ،‬ولل جمات ال ست دف قوامل املساعدة ايننسانية وما يلحق ب صو ا‬

‫‪18-21839‬‬                                                                                                                                                  ‫‪2/6‬‬

‫)‪S/RES/2449 (2018‬‬


               ‫من دمري وهنب‪ ،‬وإذ يك كيد ث مجين األط اف املشاكة يف النزاع املسلح على عزيز ق مة العاملني‬
               ‫يف جمال املسـ ـ ــاعدة ايننسـ ـ ــانية وأمن م و ية نقل م‪ ،‬مبن مي م العاملون يف امال ال جم والعاملون يف جمال‬
               ‫املس ــاعدة ايننس ــانية الذين ينحصـ ـ عمل م يف أااء امل ا ال بية‪ ،‬وموظفو األمم املتحدة واألم اا امل ب ون‬
               ‫هبا وأص ـ ـ ـ ـ ــو م‪/ ،‬إذ يعرب عن إعجاب املتواص ـ ـ ـ ـ ــل بتفا والتزا مت وع ا ل األك الس ـ ـ ـ ـ ــو ي وغري م‬
               ‫من العاملني يف جمال املس ـ ـ ــاعدة ايننس ـ ـ ــانية الذين يعملون يف ظ وف ش ـ ـ ــديدة الص ـ ـ ــعوبة‪/ ،‬إذ يحث مجين‬
               ‫األط اف على اختاذ مجين اخل وات املناقـ ـ ــبة لكفالة ق ـ ـ ـ مة وأمن موظف األمم املتحدة واألم اا امل ب ني‬
                                     ‫هبا‪ ،‬وموظف وكاال ا املت صصة‪ ،‬وقائ العاملني املشاكني يف أنش ة اينغاثة ايننسانية‪،‬‬
                  ‫‪/‬إذ يالحظ أن األمم املتحدة وش ـ ـ ـ ـ ـكاء ا املنفذين قد أوصـ ـ ـ ـ ــلوا املعونة ايننسـ ـ ـ ـ ــانية إىل ما متوق ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ‬
               ‫‪ 5.4‬مليون شـ ـ ـ ـ ي كل شـ ـ ـ ـ يف ‪ 2018‬وأن املس ـ ـ ــاعدة املنقذة للحياة ال قدمت عرب اسدوا مثَّلت جزءا‬
               ‫يويا من ذل ‪ ،‬مبا يف ذل وص ــيل املس ــاعدة الغذائية إىل مليون شـ ـ ي يف املتوقـ ـ كل شـ ـ يف ‪،2018‬‬
               ‫وأهنم أوصلوا أصناما غري غذائية ل ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ‪ 6‬م يني ش ي منذ بدء العمليات يف عا ‪2014‬؛ واملساعدة الصحية‬
                          ‫من خ ل ما عداه ‪ 25‬مليون عملية ع ج‪ ،‬واملياه ولواز الص ف الصح ألكث من ‪ 5‬م يني ش ي‪،‬‬
               ‫‪/‬إذ يهرر اإلعراب عن قلق البولل من مجين االت ع قلة إيصــال املســاعدات ايننســانية على‬
                ‫حنو معال‪/ ،‬إذ يالحظ أن نييم الدولة اينق ـ ـ مية (املع وف أيض ــا باق ــم ااعه) وجب ة النص ـ ـ ة وق ــائ‬
               ‫اق ات من األم اا واقماعات واملؤقـســات والكيانات امل ب ة بتنييم القاعدة‪ ،‬ع قل إيصــال املســاعدات‬
               ‫ايننس ـ ـ ـ ــانية بفعالية إىل الس ـ ـ ـ ــكان‪ ،‬وأهنا تحمل املس ـ ـ ـ ــؤولية عن منن إيص ـ ـ ـ ــال املعونة مبا قو ب من أعمال‬
                                                                                                          ‫التع ض والع قلة املتعمدة‪،‬‬
               ‫‪/‬إذ يهرر ك لك االعراب عن قلق البولل إزاء اقــتم ا العقبات ال عرتض إيصــال املســاعدة‬
               ‫ايننس ـ ــانية املس ـ ــتم ة القائمة على اال تياجات يف مجين أحناء البلد عرب أقص ـ ـ ـ ال ق‪ ،‬مبا يف ذل املناطق‬
                                                                      ‫ال يصعب الوصول الي ا وعرب خ وط املواج ة‪،‬‬
               ‫‪/‬إذ يعرب عن قلق البولل من اقـ ـ ــتم ا القيوا الشـ ـ ــديدة املف و ـ ـ ــة على قـ ـ ــبل اسصـ ـ ــول على‬
               ‫ال عاية ال بية‪/ ،‬إذ يهرر ذأك د ـ ـ ـ و ة ا رتا مبدأ اسياا ال جم و يس ـ ــري ية اخول العاملني يف الق اع‬
                           ‫ال جم إىل مجين املناطق واخول املعدات ووقائل النقل واللواز إلي ا‪ ،‬مبا يف ذل لواز اق ا ة‪،‬‬
               ‫‪/‬إذ يع د ذأك د ـ ـ و ة اعم األمم املتحدة وش ـ ـكائ ا املنفذين يف ج وا م ال امية إىل وقـ ــين ن اق‬
               ‫إيص ــال املس ــاعدات ايننس ــانية إىل مجين احملتاجني يف ق ــو يا‪/ ،‬إذ يؤكد من جديد كذل أ كا ق ا ه ‪2165‬‬
               ‫(‪ )2014‬ال قض ـ ب ن متكن مجين أط اف الن ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـزاع يف قــو يا األمم املتحدة وش ـكاء ا املنفذين من إيصــال‬
               ‫املس ــاعدات ايننس ــانية مباشـ ـ ة إىل الس ــكان يف ق ــائ أ جاء ق ــو يا‪ ،‬مو ا واون أي ع اقيل‪ ،‬وذل على أق ــاس‬
                ‫قييم اال تياجات الذي قو ب األمم املتحدة‪ ،‬ويف من ى عن أي حتيز أو دف قياق ‪ ،‬بوقائل من ا القيا‬
                                               ‫على الفو بإزالة مجين الع اقيل ال عرتض قبيل سليم املساعدات ايننسانية‪،‬‬
               ‫‪/‬إذ يح ط علمذ ذذو بتق ي األمني الع ـ ــا املؤ ‪ 19‬زي ان‪/‬يوني ـ ـ ‪ )S/2018/617( 2018‬عن‬
               ‫اق ـ ــتع اض عمليات األمم املتحدة عرب اسدوا‪/ ،‬إذ يح ط علمو ك لك باق وا اقا ية لتنفيذ التوصـ ــيات‬
                 ‫الوا اة مي ‪/ ،‬إذ يؤكد اساجة إىل ـ ـ ــمان أن يكون قدد املسـ ـ ــاعدات واخلدمات ايننسـ ـ ــانية‪ ،‬مبا يف ذل‬
               ‫تياجا‬
                ‫حمايدا وغري متييزي وقائما على اال تياجات وأن يكون األش ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ا األكث ا ً‬   ‫يف م لة التوزين‪ً ،‬‬
                                           ‫م املستفيدين من ل املساعدات واخلدمات‪ ،‬اون أن يُستوىل على ش ء من ا‪،‬‬

‫‪3/6‬‬                                                                                                                                             ‫‪18-21839‬‬

                                                                                                                                               ‫)‪S/RES/2449 (2018‬‬


           ‫‪/‬إذ يعرب عن ذقديرس للعمل الذي ض ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ لن ب آلية ال صـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــد التابعة ل مم املتحدة يف ص ـ ـ ـ ـ ــد‬
           ‫الشـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــحنــات والتحقق من طــابع ــا ايننسـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــا ‪ ،‬ومقــا للق ا ات ‪ )2014( 2165‬و ‪)2014( 2191‬‬
           ‫و ‪ )2015( 2258‬و ‪ )2016( 2332‬و ‪/ ،)2007( 2293‬إذ يثر على اق وا ال بـذ ـا اآللية‬
           ‫لتيسـ ــري إيصـ ــال املعونة ايننسـ ــانية عرب اسدوا من قبل األمم املتحدة وش ـ ـكائ ا املنفذين‪/ ،‬إذ يش ذذدد على‬
           ‫أمهية مواصـ ــلة ال صـ ــد القوي للصـ ــبغة ايننسـ ــانية لشـ ــحنات اينغاثة التابعة ل مم املتحدة و سـ ــليم ا ااخل‬
           ‫ق ـ ــو يا‪/ ،‬إذ يشذ ذذج األمم املتحدة وش ـ ـكاء ا املنفذين على مواص ـ ــلة اختاذ التدابري ال زمة من أجل زيااة‬
           ‫شحنات املعونة ايننسانية املوج ة إىل مجين أحناء البلد‪ ،‬وباألخي إىل املناطق ال يصعب الوصول إلي ا‪،‬‬
           ‫‪/‬إذ يهرر ذأك د ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ و ة أن حترت مجين األط اف وأن ؤيد األ كا ذات الصـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــلة من القانون‬
           ‫الدويل ايننس ـ ـ ـ ـ ــا واملباال التوجي ية ل مم املتحدة املتعلقة باملس ـ ـ ـ ـ ــاعدة ايننس ـ ـ ـ ـ ــانية يف االت ال وا ل‪،‬‬
           ‫‪/‬إذ يش ذ ذ ذذدد على أمهية التمس ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ مبباال ايننس ـ ـ ـ ــانية واسياا والتج ا واالق ـ ـ ـ ــتق لية يف قدد املس ـ ـ ـ ــاعدة‬
               ‫ايننسانية‪/ ،‬إذ يش ر أيضا إىل أمهية وصول شحنات املعونة ايننسانية إىل املستفيدين املقصواين هبا‪،‬‬
           ‫‪/‬إذ يالحظ الــدو الــذي كن أن ؤايـ ا فــاقــات وقف إط ق النــا ال تسـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــق من املبــاال‬
           ‫ايننس ــانية والقانون الدويل ايننس ــا يف يس ــري إيص ــال املس ــاعدة ايننس ــانية من أجل املس ــاعدة على إنقاذ‬
           ‫أ وام املدنيني‪/ ،‬إذ يهرر ذأك د مناش ـ ـ ـ ـ ــد مجين األط اف أن حترت و نفذ التزاما ا مبوجب ا فاقات وقف‬
            ‫إط ق النا القائمة‪ ،‬مض ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ عن التنفيذ الكامل للق ا ‪ )2016( 2268‬و ‪ ،)2018( 2401‬باعتبا‬
           ‫ذل خ وة يف ق ـ ـ ـ ـ ــبيل حتقيق وقف ش ـ ـ ـ ـ ــامل ينط ق النا على ن اق الدولة‪/ ،‬إذ يش ذ ذ ذ ذذدد على وجوب‬
           ‫أن كون إ ا ة إمكانية وصول املساعدات ايننسانية جزءا من ذه اق وا ومقا للقانون الدويل ايننسا ‪،‬‬
           ‫‪/‬إذ يعرب عن قلق البولل من أن أكث من ‪ 5.6‬م يني الجئ قد م وا من قـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــو يا بسـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــبب‬
                                                                   ‫أعمال العنف املستم ة‪ ،‬من م أكث من ‪ 4.2‬م يني ام أة وطفل‪،‬‬
           ‫‪/‬إذ يهرر اإلعراب عن ذقذديرس العم ق للج وا الكبرية واقــدي ة بــاينعجــاب ال بــذ ــا بلــدان‬
           ‫املن قة‪ ،‬وال قيما لبنان واأل ان و كيا والع اق ومص ‪ ،‬القتيعاب ال جئني السو يني‪ ،‬وإذ يضن يف اعتبا ه‬
                                    ‫التكاليف ا ائلة والتحديات االجتماعية ال تحمل ا ذه البلدان نتيجة ل زمة‪،‬‬
           ‫‪/‬إذ يشذ ذ ذ ذ ذ ذ ر إىل اساجة إىل يئة الي وف يف مجين أحناء البلد و يسـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــري العواة اآلمنة وال وعية‬
              ‫والك ة ل جئني واملشـ ـ ـ ـ ـ اين ااخلياً إىل مناطق م األص ـ ـ ـ ــلية يف ق ـ ـ ـ ــو يا‪ ،‬ومقاً للقانون الدويل‪ ،‬مبا يف ذل‬
           ‫األ كا الواجبة الت بيق يف اال فاقية والربو وكول املتعلقني بو ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــن ال جئني‪ ،‬من م اعاة مصـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــا الدول‬
                                                                                                                        ‫املضيفة ل جئني‪،‬‬
           ‫‪/‬إذ يه ب بامتمن الدويل زيااة مسـ ـ ـ ــاعدا إىل قـ ـ ـ ــو يا من خ ل قدد مسـ ـ ـ ــاعدات إنسـ ـ ـ ــانية‬
           ‫إ ـ ـ ـ ــامية‪/ ،‬إذ يالحظ بقلق أن االق ـ ـ ـ ــتجابة الدولية ل زمة الس ـ ـ ـ ــو ية واينقليمية ال زال قاصـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ة عن لبية‬
           ‫اال تيــاجــات سـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــب قــدي ات اسكومــات املضـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــيفــة واألمم املتحــدة‪ ،‬وإذ ـ لــذل ـ جمــداا مجين‬
           ‫الدول األعض ــاء على أن قد الدعم ل مم املتحدة ولبلدان املن قة‪ ،‬على أق ــاس مباال قاق ــم األعباء‪،‬‬
           ‫بوقـ ــائل من ا اختاذ دابري يف األجلني املتوق ـ ـ وال ويل للت فيف من وط ة األزمة على امتمعات احمللية‪،‬‬
           ‫و ومري املزيــد من التمويــل املتسـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــم بــامل ونــة وقــابليــة التنبؤ‪ ،‬و عزيز اق وا املبــذولــة يف جمــال إعــااة التوطني‪،‬‬
           ‫‪/‬إذ يالحظ املؤمت الثا لدعم مس ــتقبل ق ــو يا واملن قة الذي عقد يف ب وكس ــل يف نيس ــان‪/‬أب يل ‪،2018‬‬
                                                                            ‫ب ئاقة مشرتكة بني االحتاا األو ويب واألمم املتحدة‪،‬‬

‫‪18-21839‬‬                                                                                                                                                     ‫‪4/6‬‬

‫)‪S/RES/2449 (2018‬‬


               ‫‪/‬إذ يدعو إىل اينقـ اع يف القيا ب عمال إزالة األلغا ل غ اض ايننسـانية كمسـ لة ملحة يف مجين‬
                                                                                                      ‫أحناء قو يا‪،‬‬
               ‫‪/‬إذ يدين بشذدة اعتقال األشـ ا عســفا و عذيب م يف قــو يا‪ ،‬وخصــوصــا يف الســجون وم اكز‬
               ‫اال تجاز‪ ،‬مض ـ عن خمتلف عمليات االخت اف وأخذ ال ائن واالختفاء القس ـ ي‪/ ،‬إذ يطولب بالوقف‬
                 ‫الفو ي ذه املما قـات وإط ق قـ ام مجين األشـ ا احملتجزين عسـفا بدءا بالنسـاء واألطفال‪ ،‬وكذل‬
               ‫امل ى واق ى واألش ا ذوو اينعاقة وكبا السن وموظفو األمم املتحدة والعاملون يف جمال املساعدة‬
                                                                                           ‫ايننسانية والصحفيون‪،‬‬
               ‫‪/‬إذ يالحظ بقلق بولل أن اينم ت من العقاب يف قـ ــو يا يسـ ــا م يف ا سـ ــاع ن اق االنت اكات‬
               ‫والتجاوزات يف جمال قوق ايننســان وانت اكات القانون الدويل ايننســا ‪/ ،‬إذ يشذذدد على ـ و ة و ــن‬
               ‫د لإلم ت من العقاب على ذه االنت اكات والتجاوزات‪/ ،‬إذ يعو‪/‬د ال شذ ذ ذذديد يف ذا الص ـ ـ ــدا على‬
                         ‫وجوب حماكمة م كجم ل االنت اكات والتجاوزات يف قو يا أو املسؤولني عن ا ب يقة أخ ى‪،‬‬
               ‫‪/‬إذ يشذذدد على أن الو ــن ايننس ــا ق ــيزااا د و ا ما مل يتم التوص ــل إىل ل ق ــياق ـ للنزاع‬
                ‫السـ ــو ي ومقا ملا جاء يف الق ا ‪/ ،)2015( 2254‬إذ يه ب جبمين األط اف أن عمل على إ از قد‬
               ‫يف ذا الصـ ــدا وأن ت ذ دابري لبناء الثقة‪/ ،‬إذ يع رف باق وا ال يبذ ا مكتب املبعوث اخلا ل مم‬
               ‫املتحدة وامتمن الدويل‪ ،‬مبا يف ذل ااخل إطا أقـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــتانا‪ ،‬من أجل اينق ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ اع باينم اج املبك عن مجين‬
                  ‫األشـ ـ ا احملتجزين عس ــفاً‪ ،‬وال ق ــيما النس ــاء واألطفال‪ ،‬و س ــليم اقثامني‪ ،‬وكذل حتديد االشـ ـ ا‬
                                                                                                                        ‫املفقواين‪،‬‬
                ‫‪/‬إذ يقرر أن الو ن ايننسا امل وع يف قو يا ال يزال يشكل خ ا ي دا الس واألمن يف املن قة‪،‬‬
               ‫‪/‬إذ يؤكد أن الدول األعضـ ـ ــاء ملزمة‪ ،‬مبوجب املااة ‪ 25‬من ميثاق األمم املتحدة‪ ،‬بقبول ق ا ات‬
                                                                                                   ‫امل و نفيذ ا‪،‬‬
               ‫‪ - 1‬يه ب جبمين األط اف أن كفل قدد املس ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــاعدة ايننس ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــانية القائمة على املباال‬
                                                                                            ‫واملستم ة واحملسنة إىل قو يا يف عا ‪2019‬؛‬
               ‫‪ - 2‬يهرر ذأك د مطولب مجين األط اف‪ ،‬وخاصـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــة السـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــل ات السـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــو ية‪ ،‬باالمتثال مو ا‬
               ‫اللتزاما ا مبوجب القانون الدويل‪ ،‬مبا يف ذل القانون الدويل ايننس ـ ـ ــا والقانون الدويل سقوق ايننس ـ ـ ــان‪،‬‬
               ‫س ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــب االقتض ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــاء‪/ ،‬يطذذولذب كذ لذك بــالتنفيــذ الكــامــل والفو ي قمين أ كــا ق ا ات جمل األمن‪،‬‬
               ‫مبــا يف ذلـ الق ا ات ‪ )2014( 2139‬و ‪ )2014( 2165‬و ‪ )2014( 2191‬و ‪)2015( 2258‬‬
               ‫و ‪ )2016( 2332‬و ‪ )2017( 2393‬و ‪/ )2018( 2401‬يشذ ذ ذ ذ ذ ذ ر إىل أن بعض االنت ـ ــاكـ ــات‬
                               ‫والتجاوزات ال ا ُكبت يف قو يا قد قى إىل مستوى ج ائم اس ب واق ائم د ايننسانية؛‬
               ‫‪ - 3‬يقرر جت ــدي ــد اينج اءات ال ق ــا يف الفق ني ‪ 2‬و ‪ 3‬من ق ا ه ‪)2014( 2165‬‬
                                        ‫ملدة اثين عش ش ا إ امية‪ ،‬أي ىت ‪ 10‬كانون الثا ‪/‬يناي ‪2020‬؛‬
               ‫‪ - 4‬يطولب ك لك ب ن سمح مجين األط اف بالوصول اآلمن واملستم اون عوائق للقوامل‬
               ‫ايننسـ ـ ــانية ل مم املتحدة وش ـ ـ ـكائ ا يف التنفيذ‪ ،‬مبا يف ذل اينمدااات ال بية واق ا ية‪ ،‬إىل مجين املناطق‬
                         ‫والسكان امل لوب الوصول إلي م ومقا لتقييم األمم املتحدة ل تياجات يف مجين أحناء قو يا؛‬

‫‪5/6‬‬                                                                                                                                        ‫‪18-21839‬‬

                                                                                                                                        ‫)‪S/RES/2449 (2018‬‬


             ‫‪ - 5‬يهرر ال أك د على أن الو ــن قــييل يزااا د و ا ما مل يتم التوصــل إىل ل قــياقـ‬
           ‫للنزاع السـ ـ ـ ــو ي‪/ ،‬يش ذ ذ ذ ر إىل م البت بالتنفيذ الكامل والفو ي للق ا ‪ )2015( 2254‬من أجل يسـ ـ ـ ــري‬
           ‫إج اء االنتقال الس ـ ـ ـ ـ ــياق ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ بقيااة ق ـ ـ ـ ـ ــو ية ويف ظل عملية تل زمام ا الس ـ ـ ـ ـ ــو يون‪ ،‬ومقا لبيان جنيف‬
           ‫على النحو املنص ـ ـ ـ ــو علي يف البيانات الص ـ ـ ـ ــاا ة عن الف يق الدويل لدعم ق ـ ـ ـ ــو يا‪ ،‬من أجل إهناء النزاع‬
                                                  ‫يف قو يا‪/ ،‬يؤكد من جديد أن مستقبل قو يا قيق ه الشعب السو ي؛‬
           ‫‪ - 6‬يطلذذب إىل األمني العــا أن يوايف امل بــإ ــاطــة ش ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ يــة وأن يقــد ق ي ا بــانتيــا ‪،‬‬
           ‫ك ـ ـ ــل ‪ 60‬يوم ـ ـ ــا على األق ـ ـ ــل‪ ،‬بشـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ن نفي ـ ـ ــذ الق ا ات ‪ )2014( 2139‬و ‪)2014( 2165‬‬
           ‫و ‪ )2014( 2191‬و ‪ )2015( 2258‬و ‪ )2016( 2332‬و ‪ )2017( 2393‬و ‪)2018( 2401‬‬
           ‫و ذا الق ا وبشـ ـ ـ ـ ن امتثال مجين األط اف املعنية يف ق ـ ـ ــو يا‪/ ،‬يطلب ك لك إىل األمني العا أن يواص ـ ـ ــل‬
           ‫إا اج معلومات يف قا ي ه عن االجتا ات العامة ميما يتعلق بإيصـ ــال مسـ ــاعدات األمم املتحدة ايننسـ ــانية‬
           ‫عرب خ وط النزاع وعرب اسدوا‪ ،‬ومعلومات مفصلة عن املساعدات ايننسانية ال سلَّم يف إطا عمليات‬
           ‫األمم املتحدة ايننس ـ ــانية عرب اسدوا س ـ ــبما أذن ب الق ا ‪ ،)2014( 2165‬ش ـ ــمل عدا املس ـ ــتفيدين‬
                                            ‫ومواقن سليم املعونة على صعيد املناطق و جم األصناف املسلمة وصبغت ا؛‬
           ‫‪ - 7‬يؤكد من جديد أن قـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ـ ــيت ذ مزيدا من التدابري مبوجب ميثاق األمم املتحدة يف ال‬
           ‫ع ـ ــد االمتث ـ ــال ـ ــذا الق ا أو للق ا ات ‪ )2014( 2139‬و ‪ )2014( 2165‬و ‪)2014( 2191‬‬
                          ‫و ‪ )2015( 2258‬و ‪ )2016( 2332‬و ‪ )2017( 2393‬و ‪)2018( 2401‬؛‬
                                                                    ‫يقرر أن يبق املس لة قيد ني ه الفعل ‪.‬‬                 ‫‪-8‬‬




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Draft resolution (S/2018/1110):
United Nations                                                                             S/2018/1110
               Security Council                                                 Distr.: General
                                                                                13 December 2018

                                                                                Original: English




               Kuwait and Sweden: draft resolution

                    The Security Council,
                    Recalling its resolutions 2042 (2012), 2043 (2012), 2118 (2013), 2139 (2014),
               2165 (2014), 2175 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2209 (2015), 2235 (2015), 2254 (2015),
               2258 (2015), 2268 (2016), 2286 (2016), 2332 (2016), 2336 (2016), 2393 (2017) and
               2401 (2018) and its Presidential Statements of 3 August 2011 (S/PRST/2011/16),
               21 March 2012 (S/PRST/2012/6), 5 April 2012 (S/PRST/2012/10), 2 October 2013
               (S/PRST/2013/15), 24 April 2015 (S/PRST/2015/10) and 17 August 2015
               (S/PRST/2015/15),
                      Reaffirming its strong commitment to the sovereignty, independence, unity and
               territorial integrity of Syria and to the purposes and principles of the Charter of the
               United Nations,
                     Expressing outrage at the unacceptable level of violence and the killing of
               hundreds of thousands of people, including tens of thousands of child casualties, as a
               result of the Syrian conflict,
                     Reiterating its grave distress at the continued devastating humanitarian situation
               in Syria and at the fact that urgent humanitarian assistance, including medical
               assistance, is required by more than 13 million people in Syria, of whom 6.2 million
               are internally displaced, including Palestine refugees, and more than 1 million people
               are still living in hard-to-reach areas,
                     Gravely concerned at the insufficient implementation of its resolutions 2139
               (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015) , 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) and 2401
               (2018) and recalling in this regard the legal obligations of all parties under
               international humanitarian law and international human rights law, as well as all the
               relevant decisions of the Security Council, including by ceasing all attacks against
               civilians and civilian objects, including those involving attacks on schools and
               medical facilities, the indiscriminate use of weapons, including artillery, barrel bombs
               and air strikes, indiscriminate shelling by mortars, car bombs, suicide attacks and
               tunnel bombs, as well as the widespread use of torture, ill-treatment, arbitrary
               executions, extrajudicial killings, enforced disappearances, sexual and gender -based
               violence, as well as all grave violations and abuses committed against children,
                     Noting the progress made in taking back areas of Syria from the Islamic State
               in Iraq and the Levant (ISIL, also known as Daesh) and Al -Nusrah Front (ANF) but
               expressing its grave concern that areas remain under their control and about the
               negative impact of their presence, violent extremist ideology and actions on stability
               in Syria and the region, including the devastating humanitarian impact on the civilian




18-21836 (E)     141218
*1821836*

S/2018/1110

              populations which has led to the displacement of hundreds of thousands of people and
              the unlawful destruction of cultural heritage, reaffirming its resolve to address all
              aspects of the threat posed by ISIL (also known as Daesh), ANF and all other
              individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with Al -Qaida and other
              terrorist groups, as determined by the United Nations Security Council and as may
              further be agreed by the International Syria Support Group (ISSG) and endorsed by
              the UN Security Council and calling for the full implementation of Security Council
              resolutions 2170 (2014), 2178 (2014), 2199 (2015), 2249 (2015), 2253 (2015), 2347
              (2017), 2354 (2017), 2368 (2017) and 2370 (2017),
                    Expressing grave concern also at the movement of foreign terrorist fighters and
              other terrorists and terrorist groups into and out of Syria and reiterating its call on all
              States to take steps, consistent with international law, to prevent and suppress the flow
              of foreign terrorist fighters to ISIL, ANF and all other individuals, groups,
              undertakings and entities associated with ISIL or Al-Qaida and other terrorist groups,
              as determined by the United Nations Security Council, and as may further be agreed
              by the International Syria Support Group (ISSG) and endorsed by the UN Security
              Council,
                    Reaffirming that Member States must ensure that any measures taken to combat
              terrorism comply with all their obligations under international law, in particular
              international human rights law, international refugee law and international
              humanitarian law,
                    Reaffirming the primary responsibility of the Syrian authorities to protect the
              population in Syria and reiterating that parties to armed conflict must take all feasible
              steps to protect civilians and recalling in this regard its demand that all parties to
              armed conflict comply fully with the obligations applicable to them under
              international law related to the protection of civilians in armed conflict, including
              journalists, media professionals and associated personnel,
                    Reiterating its strong condemnation of all forms of violence and intimidation to
              which those participating in humanitarian operations are continue to be exposed, as
              well as attacks on humanitarian convoys and acts of destruction and looting of their
              assets and its urging of all parties involved in an armed conflict to promote the safety,
              security and freedom of movement of humanitarian personnel, including medical
              personnel and humanitarian personnel exclusively engaged in medical duties and
              United Nations and its associated personnel and their assets, expressing its ongoing
              admiration at the dedication and commitment of the Syrian Red C rescent volunteers
              and other humanitarian workers operating in deeply challenging conditions and
              urging all parties to take all appropriate steps to ensure the safety and security of
              United Nations and associated personnel, those of its specialised agencie s and all
              other personnel engaged in humanitarian relief activities,
                    Noting that the United Nations and their implementing partners reached on
              average 5.4 million people with humanitarian aid each month in 2018 and that life -
              saving assistance delivered across borders represented a vital part of this, including
              the delivery of food assistance for on average 1 million people every month in 2018;
              and since the start of operations in 2014, non-food items for 6 million people; health
              assistance through 25 million treatments and water and sanitation supplies for over
              5 million people,
                    Reiterating its grave concern at all instances of hindrances to the effective
              delivery of humanitarian assistance, noting that ISIL (also known as Daesh), ANF and
              all other individuals, groups, undertakings and entities associated with Al -Qaida, are
              hindering the effective delivery of humanitarian assistance and are responsible for
              preventing aid delivery through deliberate interference and obstruction,


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                                                                                                       S/2018/1110

                Reiterating further its grave concern at the continuing impediments to the
           delivery of sustained, needs-based humanitarian assistance across the country through
           the most direct routes, including to hard-to-reach areas and across conflict lines,
                 Expressing grave concern that access to medical care continues to be severely
           restricted and reiterating the need to respect the principle of medical neutrality,
           facilitate free passage to all areas for medical personnel, equipment, transport and
           supplies, including surgical items,
                 Reaffirming the need to support the United Nations and their implementing
           partners in their efforts to expand the delivery of humanitarian assistance to reach all
           people in need in Syria and further reaffirming its decision in resolution 2165 (2014)
           that all Syrian parties to the conflict shall enable the immediate and unhindered
           delivery of humanitarian assistance directly to people throughout Syria, by the United
           Nations and their implementing partners, on the basis of United Nations assessments
           of need and devoid of any political prejudices and aims, including by immediately
           removing all impediments to the provision of humanitarian assistance,
                 Taking note of the report of the Secretary-General of 19 June 2018 (S/2018/617)
           on the Review of the United Nations Cross-Border Operations and further taking note
           of ongoing efforts to implement the recommendations contained therein, and stressing
           the need to ensure that the delivery of humanitarian aid and servi ces, including at the
           stage of distribution, is impartial, non-discriminatory and needs-based and that those
           most in need are beneficiaries of such aid and services, without misappropriation,
                Expressing its appreciation for the work of the United Nations monitoring
           mechanism in monitoring shipments and confirming their humanitarian nature, in
           accordance with resolutions 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016) and
           2393 (2017) and commending the mechanism’s efforts in facilitating cross-border
           delivery of humanitarian aid by the United Nations and their implementing partners,
           emphasising the importance to further robust monitoring of the humanitarian nature
           of UN relief consignments and their delivery inside Syria and encouraging the United
           Nations and their implementing partners to continue to take steps to scale up
           humanitarian deliveries throughout the country, notably into hard -to-reach areas,
                 Reiterating the need for all parties to respect and uphold the relevant provisions
           of international humanitarian law and the United Nations guiding principles of
           humanitarian emergency assistance, emphasising the importance of upholding the
           principles of humanity, neutrality, impartiality and independence, in the provision of
           humanitarian assistance and recalling also the importance of humanitarian deliveries
           reaching their intended beneficiaries,
                 Noting the role that ceasefire agreements which are consistent with
           humanitarian principles and international humanitarian law can play in facilitating
           the delivery of humanitarian assistance in order to help save civilian lives, reiterating
           its call upon all parties to respect and fulfil their commitments to existing ceasefire
           agreements, as well as the full implementation of resolution 2268 (2016) and 2401
           (2018), as a step towards a comprehensive nation-wide ceasefire and emphasising that
           humanitarian access must be part of these efforts in accordance with international
           humanitarian law,
                Expressing grave concern at the more than 5.6 million refugees, including more
           than 4.2 million women and children, who have fled Syria as a result of ongoing
           violence,
                 Reiterating its deep appreciation for the significant and admirable efforts that
           have been made by the countries of the region, notably Lebanon, Jordan, Turkey, Iraq
           and Egypt, to accommodate Syrian refugees and mindful of the immense costs and
           social challenges incurred by these countries as a consequence of the crisis,

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S/2018/1110

                    Recalling the need to create conditions throughout the country and facilitate the
              safe, voluntary and dignified return of refugees and internally displaced persons to
              their home areas in Syria, in accordance with international law, includin g applicable
              provisions of the Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees, taking
              into account the interests of those countries hosting refugees,
                    Calling upon the international community to increase their assistance to Syria
              by providing additional humanitarian aid, noting with concern that the international
              response to the Syrian and regional crisis continues to fall short of meeting the needs
              as assessed by host governments and the United Nations, therefore urging once again
              all Member States, based on burden-sharing principles, to support the United Nations
              and the countries of the region, including by adopting medium and long -term
              responses to alleviate the impact on communities, providing increased, flexible and
              predictable funding as well as increasing resettlement efforts and noting the second
              conference on supporting the future of Syria and the region held in Brussels in April
              2018, co-chaired by the European Union and the United Nations,
                   Calling for humanitarian mine action to be accelerated as a matter of urgency
              throughout Syria,
                    Strongly condemning the arbitrary detention and torture of individuals in Syria,
              notably in prisons and detention facilities, as well as the kidnappings, abductions,
              hostage-taking and forced disappearances and demanding the immediate end of these
              practices and the release of all arbitrarily detained persons starting with women and
              children, as well as sick, wounded, persons with disabilities and elderly persons and
              United Nations and humanitarian personnel and journalists,
                    Noting with grave concern that impunity in Syria contributes to widespread
              violations and abuses of human rights and violations of international humanitari an
              law, stressing the need to end impunity for these violations and abuses and
              re-emphasising in this regard that those who have committed or are otherwise
              responsible for such violations and abuses in Syria must be brought to justice,
                    Emphasising that the humanitarian situation will continue to deteriorate further
              in the absence of a political solution to the Syrian conflict in line with resolution 2254
              (2015) and calling upon all parties to make progress in this regard and to undertake
              confidence-building measures and recognising the efforts by the Office of the UN
              Special Envoy and the international community, including within the Astana
              framework, to advance the early release of any arbitrarily detaine d persons,
              particularly women and children, and handover of the bodies as well as the
              identification of missing persons,
                   Determining that the devastating humanitarian situation in Syria continues to
              constitute a threat to peace and security in the region,
                    Underscoring that Member States are obligated under Article 25 of the Charter
              of the United Nations to accept and carry out the Council ’s decisions,
                  1.    Calls upon all parties to ensure principled, sustained and improved
              humanitarian assistance to Syria in 2019;
                    2.    Reiterates its demand that all parties, in particular the Syrian authorities,
              immediately comply with their obligations under international law, including
              international humanitarian law and international human rights law as applicable and
              further demands the full and immediate implementation of all provisions of all
              relevant Security Council resolutions, including resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165
              (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) and 2401 (2018) and
              recalls that some of the violations and abuses committed in Syria may amount to war
              crimes and crimes against humanity;


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                                                                                                       S/2018/1110

                 3.   Decides to renew the decisions in paragraphs 2 and 3 of Security Council
           resolution 2165 (2014) for a further period of twelve months, that is, until 10 January
           2020;
                4.    Further demands that all parties allow safe, unimpeded and sustained
           access for United Nations’ and their implementing partners’ humanitarian convoys,
           including medical and surgical supplies, to all requested areas and populations
           according to United Nations’ assessment of need in all parts of Syria;
                 5.   Reiterates that the situation will continue to deteriorate further in the
           absence of a political solution to the Syrian conflict and recalls its demand for the
           full and immediate implementation of resolution 2254 (2015) to facilitate a Syrianled and Syrian-owned political transition, in accordance with the Geneva
           Communiqué as set forth in the ISSG Statements, in order to end the conflict in Syria
           and stresses again that the Syrian people will decide the future of Syria;
                 6.   Requests the Secretary-General to brief the Council monthly and to
           provide a report on a regular basis, at least every 60 days, on the implementation of
           resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393
           (2017), 2401 (2018) and this resolution and on compliance by all relevant parties in
           Syria and further requests the Secretary-General to continue to include in his reports
           overall trends in UN cross-line and cross-border humanitarian access and detailed
           information on the humanitarian assistance delivered through UN humanitarian cross -
           border operations as authorised by resolution 2165 (2014), including on the number
           of beneficiaries, locations of aid deliveries at district-level and the volume and nature
           of items delivered;
                7.   Reaffirms that it will take further measures under the Charter of the United
           Nations in the event of non-compliance with this resolution or resolutions 2139
           (2014), 2165 (2014) and 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) and
           2401 (2018);
                8.    Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.




18-21836                                                                                                       5/5

Meeting record:
United Nations                                                                                                   S/PV.8423
                 Security Council                                                                                                 Provisional
                 Seventy-third year


                 8423rd meeting
                 Thursday, 13 December 2018, 4 p.m.
                 New York




President:       Mr. Adom . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       (Côte d’Ivoire)


Members:         Bolivia (Plurinational State of). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                  Mr. Llorentty Solíz
                 China. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     Mr. Ma Zhaoxu
                 Equatorial Guinea. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .             Mr. Ndong Mba
                 Ethiopia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      Mr. Amde
                 France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     Mr. Delattre
                 Kazakhstan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .         Mr. Umarov
                 Kuwait. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      Mr. Alotaibi
                 Netherlands. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .         Mr. Blok
                 Peru. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    Mr. Meza-Cuadra
                 Poland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     Ms. Wronecka
                 Russian Federation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .            Mr. Nebenzia
                 Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       Mr. Skoog
                 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . .                                   Ms. Pierce
                 United States of America. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                Mr. Hunter


Agenda
                 The situation in the Middle East
                       Report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of Security Council
                       resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393
                       (2017) and 2401 (2018) (S/2018/1104)




             .




                 This record contains the text of speeches delivered in English and of the translation of
                 speeches delivered in other languages. The final text will be printed in the Official Records
                 of the Security Council. Corrections should be submitted to the original languages only. They
                 should be incorporated in a copy of the record and sent under the signature of a member
                 of the delegation concerned to the Chief of the Verbatim Reporting Service, room U-0506
                 (verbatimrecords@un.org). Corrected records will be reissued electronically on the Official
                 Document System of the United Nations (http://documents.un.org).


18-43755 (E)
*1843755*

S/PV.8423                                 The situation in the Middle East                                  13/12/2018


    The meeting was called to order at 4 p.m.                Consequently, Sweden and Kuwait have presented to the
                                                             Council what they believe to be a purely humanitarian
Adoption of the agenda                                       and balanced draft resolution, which renews crossborder humanitarian operations for 12 months, in line
    The agenda was adopted.
                                                             with the Secretary-General’s recommendation.
The situation in the Middle East                                 The cross-border assistance authorized by
                                                             the Security Council remains a vital part of the
    Report of the Secretary-General on the
                                                             humanitarian response. In November alone, life-saving
    implementation of Security Council resolutions
                                                             cross-border humanitarian assistance was provided to
    2139 (2014), 2165 (2014), 2191 (2014), 2258
                                                             more than 600,000 people, including food assistance to
    (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) and 2401 (2018)
                                                             nearly 500,000. The number of those who are still in
    (S/2018/1104)
                                                             need of humanitarian assistance in Syria is 13 million,
    The President (spoke in French): In accordance           which is a very significant number.
with rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of               The renewal of the resolution would allow the
procedure, I invite the representative of the Syrian         Security Council to continue to help ease the human
Arab Republic to participate in this meeting.                suffering of the people and ensure delivery by the
    In accordance with rule 39 of the Council’s              shortest route to humanitarian assistance to those in
provisional rules of procedure, I invite Mr. Mark            Syria who need it. Such cross-border humanitarian
Lowcock, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian            assistance continues to complement other mechanisms
Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, to                 of humanitarian response in Syria, where millions of
participate in this meeting.                                 people depend on cross-border humanitarian assistance
                                                             to survive. That is why we call on all Council members
    The Security Council will now              begin   its   to support the draft resolution and vote in favour of it.
consideration of the item on its agenda.
                                                                 The President (spoke in French): I shall put the
    Members of the Council have before them document         draft resolution to the vote now.
S/2018/1110, which contains the text of a draft resolution
submitted by Kuwait and Sweden.                                  A vote was taken by show of hands.
    I draw the attention of the members of the Council       In favour
to document S/2018/1104, which contains the report               Bolivia (Plurinational State of), Côte d’Ivoire,
of the Secretary-General on the implementation of                Equatorial Guinea, Ethiopia, France, Kazakhstan,
Security Council resolutions 2139 (2014), 2165 (2014),           Kuwait, Netherlands, Peru, Poland, Sweden, United
2191 (2014), 2258 (2015), 2332 (2016), 2393 (2017) and           Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
2401 (2018).                                                     United States of America
    The Council is ready to proceed to the vote on the       Against
draft resolution before it.                                     None
   I now give the floor to those members of the Council      Abstaining
who wish to make statements before the voting.                  China, Russian Federation
     Mr. Alotaibi (Kuwait) (spoke in Arabic): Over the           The President (spoke in French): The draft
past two weeks, Sweden and Kuwait, as penholders for         resolution received 13 votes in favour, none against and
the humanitarian aspect of the Council’s work on Syria,      2 abstentions. The draft resolution has been adopted as
have conducted broad consultations with members of           resolution 2449 (2018).
the Security Council and other relevant parties in order
                                                                 I now give the floor to Mr. Lowcock.
to renew the resolution on humanitarian access to Syria,
including the fundamental provisions of resolution 2165           Mr. Lowcock: Let me begin today by thanking
(2014). Those negotiations and consultations have been       Council members for their decision just now to adopt
fruitful and helpful. We thank all Council members           resolution 2449 (2018). Cross-border aid provides a
for their constructive engagement in the consultations.      critical lifeline to millions of Syrians who cannot be


2/22                                                                                                        18-43755

13/12/2018                                 The situation in the Middle East                                     S/PV. 8423


supported through any other means. The Council has                 The most recent aid to reach displaced people in
done its part; we will now do ours to sustain aid in a         the area was in October. The most recent humanitarian
way that is as effective and accountable as possible.          mission to the area had to turn back when its vehicles
                                                               came under attack and one aid worker was shot. After
     The situation in the north-west of Syria, where some      receiving treatment, he is now in stable condition, but the
3 million people remain dependent on humanitarian              civilians in the area continue to suffer without the basic
cross-border operations, is very challenging. While a          support that they need. I also remain very concerned
pause in air strikes has had a meaningful impact on the        about the more than 40,000 people in Rukban, where
lives of people there, shelling and fighting in the areas in   we continue to receive reports of civilian suffering
and around the demilitarized zone continue to result in        and death.
civilian death and injury and the destruction of civilian
                                                                    The deployment of our convoy in early November
infrastructure. In late November, a mortar struck a
                                                               has shown that where there is a political will,
primary school in Jarjanaz town just as students were
                                                               humanitarian organizations can mobilize quickly and
leaving, killing four boys and two girls and injuring
                                                               provide help to those in need. I once again thank all
ten other children. Insecurity continues and incidents
                                                               who were involved in that. We need to build on that
affecting civilians continue to be reported every day.         first delivery with a second convoy later this month to
The recent hostilities have reportedly forced nearly           provide food, water, hygiene and sanitation support,
15,000 people to flee their homes for neighbouring             and medical and nutrition items, as well as blankets,
villages, with many people living in the open, without         mattresses and other essential non-food items to help
adequate shelter, during the cold winter months. They          protect people during the winter. A second convoy
join the many thousands already living in tents or under       will also allow us to carry out further vaccinations and
plastic sheeting.                                              speak to people about their plans as we look towards
    The United Nations and non-governmental                    more sustainable solutions.
organizations continue to respond to ensure that those              I want to assure the Council that the first delivery
in need get help, but fighting and displacement make           was effective. We monitored the delivery of aid inside
the situation more difficult and the population more           the camp for three days. We will make additional efforts
vulnerable. Idlib remains on the edge of a humanitarian        to strengthen the monitoring of the distribution in the
disaster. Should there be a further escalation of violence,    next convoy. We will send a bigger team, and we plan to
the needs would quickly overwhelm the ability of               accompany the assistance from the offloading point to
humanitarian agencies to respond. The parties to the           the distribution points inside the makeshift settlement
conflict must take care to spare the civilian population,      to oversee the actual distributions and to conduct postwhile at the same time taking all possible measures            distribution monitoring. My message to all concerned
to see that the violence in Idlib ends and that the            parties is therefore simple. I ask them to provide the
humanitarian catastrophe the Secretary-General has             authorizations, facilitation letters and all the necessary
                                                               security guarantees for the convoy to proceed without
warned of does not come to pass.
                                                               delay or impediment.
     Humanitarian organizations estimate that up to
                                                                    Sustaining and scaling up the response is also
6,000 people remain trapped in areas under the control
                                                               critical in other parts of the country, including in
of the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant, east of
                                                               areas under the control of the Government, where we
the Euphrates, in Deir ez-Zor governorate. Civilians           now estimate that 8.7 million people are in need of
continue to suffer, as a result of both ground fighting and    humanitarian assistance. From January to September,
air strikes. On 29 November, air strikes reportedly hit a      humanitarian organizations operating from inside Syria
field hospital in the area, killing and injuring scores of     have been reaching an average of 3.2 million people
civilians, including women, children and medical staff.        every month. A key priority has been addressing the
Freedom of movement is heavily restricted. Some 9,000          needs of the most vulnerable in locations that have seen
people have been able to flee since September, but they        shifts in control. Some 1.6 million people live in areas
continue to find themselves in harm’s way, living in           that have changed control since the beginning of the
difficult conditions and with extremely limited access         year. Some areas have suffered for years under siege,
to basic assistance and services.                              have been impacted by intense military activity prior


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S/PV.8423                                  The situation in the Middle East                                  13/12/2018


to changing control or have seen no resumption of basic       on Idlib and the surrounding areas must be avoided at
services since changing control. Up to one-third of those     all costs. Thirdly, there must be support to ensure that
people are living in areas categorized by the United          approval for the next humanitarian convoy to Rukban is
Nations as hard-to-reach, where the United Nations and        immediately granted and that secure access is provided
its partners do not have a sustained presence and, as a       to the makeshift settlement. Fourthly, we must be
result, humanitarian needs are particularly severe. Aid       able to enjoy the Council’s ongoing support so we can
has reached 40 per cent of those locations, including         further build on our efforts to ensure quality access,
through a blanket agreement for access to northern            through which we can carry out additional needs
rural Homs and southern Hama. However, sustained              assessments, deliver to all areas where needs are most
access to too many areas remains limited and some             severe, and monitor the impact of our interventions.
areas are still not accessible at all.                        Fifthly, we must provide financing for our current
     Improving our response is not only about reaching        humanitarian response plan. Donors have provided
more people, although that is part of it. We are also         more than $2.1 billion this year, but the plan remains
increasingly focused on further improving the quality         only two-thirds funded.
of our access and programming. What do we mean by                 The President (spoke in French): I thank
quality in humanitarian assistance? First, assistance         Mr. Lowcock for his briefing.
must be based on an assessment of needs. Secondly, it
means being able to monitor and evaluate our impact,             I now give the floor to those members of the
including by directly engaging with the people we are         Security Council who wish to make statements.
trying to help. Thirdly, it involves ensuring protection           Mr. Skoog (Sweden): I will say a few words on
for the most vulnerable and sustaining our reach month        behalf of the co-penholders, Sweden and Kuwait, and
after month, based on the needs identified. We are            follow up with a few remarks in my national capacity
making progress in many of those areas. The United            as the representative of Sweden.
Nations is reaching many places, with more than 550
missions over the past three months to assess, deliver or          With the adoption of resolution 2449 (2018) today,
monitor the delivery of assistance. We are also working       the Security Council has upheld its obligation to millions
on expanding our field presence in governorates               of people in Syria. On behalf of the co-penholders,
outside Damascus to enhance our ability to engage             Kuwait and Sweden, I strongly welcome this decision.
with communities, assess needs, deliver assistance and        The renewal of the modalities of resolution 2165 (2015)
monitor impact. We continue to engage with all parties        for an additional 12 months will continue to save lives
to the conflict, including the Government of Syria,           and alleviate suffering every day in Syria. The United
at multiple levels to negotiate access and ensure that        Nations does not have an alternative route for reaching
humanitarian assistance reaches those most in need. I         those people in need. It is an existential lifeline.
will report to the Council on our progress in improving           While the situation on the ground has changed much
access in the months ahead.                                   over the past year, the humanitarian needs unfortunately
    Let me conclude by recalling the five requests I          remain enormous. There are millions of people who still
made to the Council two months ago (see S/PV.8384).           depend on humanitarian assistance. This resolution is
The full implementation of those requests will remain         about ensuring that they receive assistance through the
an important focus of our work as we move into 2019,          most direct routes and that the relief reaches as many
recognizing that other issues may also arise as the           people as possible throughout the country. The United
situation evolves.                                            Nations cross-border operations, based on resolution
                                                              2165 (2015), are necessary as long as the humanitarian
    First, with the adoption of resolution 2449 (2018),
                                                              needs remain and humanitarian access from within the
important progress has been made, but we must see
                                                              country is impeded.
access continue without impediment. Secondly, while
we have seen the continued implementation of the                  As a co-penholder together with Kuwait, our
agreement between Russia and Turkey in the north-             compass has been defined by the humanitarian
west, it is critical that it be sustained with respect for    imperative to act. Over the past weeks, we have
civilians and civilian infrastructure, and that there be an   consulted all members of the Council and other
end to the current hostilities. A full military onslaught     stakeholders, including Syria and the neighbouring


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13/12/2018                                 The situation in the Middle East                                     S/PV. 8423


countries. We have been committed to facilitating a                The Council has on numerous occasions called on the
fair, impartial and transparent negotiations process. It      parties — in particular the Syrian authorities — to allow
is well known that there are different perspectives on        safe, sustained and unhindered humanitarian access.
the Syrian conflict in the Council and that discussions       Yet substantial and arbitrary obstacles remain, which
can sometimes be heated. The adoption of today’s              are hindering the delivery of humanitarian assistance
resolution demonstrates, however, that in the face of         throughout Syria. That includes areas that have
urgent needs Council members can come together to             recently been retaken by Government forces and their
shoulder a collective responsibility.                         allies. Even if an occasional humanitarian convoy is
                                                              allowed to reach those most in need, the fact is that
     On behalf of the co-penholders, I would like to
                                                              the humanitarian actors do not have the access that the
thank the representatives of all delegations for their
                                                              Council has repeatedly demanded.
constructive engagement during the negotiations
on resolution 2449 (2018). I would also like to thank             Syria is a clear case in point in which the international
Under-Secretary-General Lowcock and his team here             legal order — built over decades to protect the most
in New York for their support. Most important, I would        vulnerable in times of conflict — has come under
like to pay tribute to the staff of the United Nations        threat. We have witnessed frequent violations of the
humanitarian agencies and their implementing partners         rules and principles of international humanitarian law.
for their tireless efforts to help the Syrian people.         We have witnessed indiscriminate attacks in densely
                                                              populated areas. We have witnessed the deliberate
     At this point, I would like to say a few words in
                                                              targeting of schools and hospitals, as well as attacks
my capacity as the representative of Sweden. The
                                                              on humanitarian workers and medical personnel. And
Charter of the United Nations places the people at the
                                                              we have witnessed, over and over again, the refusal
forefront, but, far too often, the people are forgotten
                                                              to grant humanitarian access to people in need of
or neglected during our deliberations in the Council.
                                                              assistance. The integrity of the international legal order
Our meetings on the humanitarian situation in Syria
                                                              depends on our continuing to seek ways to ensure that
serve as a reminder that the Syrian conflict needs to
                                                              those responsible for those crimes are brought to justice
be first and foremost about the Syrian people. The
                                                              and held accountable.
conflict in Syria has led to a humanitarian disaster,
with consequences far beyond Syria’s borders. As the               During its two years on the Council, Sweden has
conflict enters its eighth winter, 13 million people          repeatedly underlined the importance of upholding
are in need of humanitarian assistance and more than          international law, including international humanitarian
5 million of them are children. Six million people            law, international human rights law and international
are displaced within Syria, many of whom have been            refugee law, whether in Syria, Yemen or South Sudan.
forced to flee more than once, and a further 5 million        Upholding the international rules-based order is pivotal
have fled to neighbouring countries. Without a doubt,         both to preventing and terminating conflict. The rules
a very heavy responsibility for this disaster inevitably      and principles of international humanitarian law aim
rests with the Government of Syria — something that           to limit the suffering and effects of war. We call on all
the international community will not forget.                  parties to the conflict to comply with their obligations
                                                              to ensure the protection of civilians and humanitarian
     For years, the Council has dealt with one crisis after
                                                              and medical personnel, and to respect and protect
another in Syria — each a humanitarian catastrophe
                                                              civilian objects, hospitals and medical facilities.
in its own right. The conflict has been characterized
throughout by a blatant disregard for human dignity.              When taking up the co-penholdership for Syria
Homs, Aleppo and eastern Ghouta will not be forgotten.        and the humanitarian track, Sweden clearly stated
Idlib, where 3 million civilians are trapped with no          that its commitment would be to the Syrian people
safe place to flee, could yet be added to that list. It       and humanitarian principles. We have sought to
is key to uphold the fragile ceasefire in Idlib, where        depoliticize humanitarian matters and focus on the
a military offensive would most likely result in a new        humanitarian imperative to act. Nevertheless, we will
humanitarian disaster of unimaginable proportions.            leave the Council with a strong sense of frustration. We
We urge the Astana guarantors — Russia, Turkey and            fully understand those who claim that the international
Iran — to ensure that the ceasefire is upheld and that        community has time and time again failed the Syrian
civilians are protected.                                      people. Yet, today’s adoption of resolution 2449 (2018)


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S/PV.8423                               The situation in the Middle East                                    13/12/2018


proves that when there is political will, the Security         We reiterate our support for all humanitarian actors
Council can make a real difference on the ground for       and medical staff on the ground and commend their
millions of people.                                        efforts to reduce the humanitarian suffering in Syria.
     I wish to pay tribute to Kuwait, our co-penholder,        The Council has just adopted resolution 2449 (2018),
for its excellent cooperation and, of course, to Egypt     which renews the mandate of the mechanism to deliver
and Japan, with whom we shared penholdership in            cross-border humanitarian aid for an additional year.
2017. I take this opportunity to affirm Sweden’s full      The resolution is the result of weeks of discussions and
commitment to continuing its strong and whole-hearted      consultations, during which we listened to the opinions
engagement to alleviate the humanitarian suffering         of all members of the Council and relevant parties. We
in Syria and our support for neighbouring countries        thank all States that voted in favour of the resolution.
affected by the crisis. The humanitarian community              The adoption of this humanitarian resolution
has undertaken a Herculean task and we commend the         represents an extremely important step in ensuring
courageous and selfless efforts of all humanitarian        the direct delivery of humanitarian aid to millions of
workers on the ground. Too many have paid with             Syrians in need. The Council has therefore responded
their lives throughout the conflict. The humanitarian      to the international community’s calls by renewing this
appeal for Syria remains significantly underfunded,        mechanism, which is a clear signal that the international
as we have just heard. This year alone, Sweden has         community attaches great importance to the swift and
contributed more than $50 million to the response in       unhindered delivery of humanitarian aid to those in
Syria. We must all do our share in making sure that the    need.
humanitarian agencies can continue to carry out their          Regrettably, this year has seen an increase in the
critical work to help the Syrian people.                   humanitarian suffering in Syria. The conflict continues,
     Finally, we express our full support for the Office   threatening regional and international peace and
of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees       security, while the Council remains unable to resolve
and its assessment that the conditions for the safe,       the crisis. We are concerned by the recent escalation of
voluntary and dignified return of refugees are not yet     the situation in various parts of the country, including
in place. It falls to the Syrian authorities to ensure     Deir ez-Zor, Idlib and Aleppo. The current security
that those conditions are created. We also reiterate our   situation in Syria demonstrates that it is still fragile and
concern that the humanitarian situation will continue      could lead to a military escalation, in particular in Idlib,
                                                           where some 3 million people live. In that regard, we
to deteriorate in the absence of a political solution in
                                                           reaffirm the importance of maintaining the agreement
line with resolution 2254 (2015), which must be Syrianreached between Russia and Turkey on Idlib in order to
owned and Syrian-led, including the full and effective
                                                           prevent a further humanitarian catastrophe there.
representation of women. That is the only path to
sustainable peace and stability. We look forward to             We also reaffirm that all parties must honour
hearing from Mr. Staffan de Mistura on that point next     their commitments under international humanitarian
week.                                                      law and international human rights law. We reiterate
                                                           the importance of holding accountable all those who
    Mr. Alotaibi (Kuwait) (spoke in Arabic): At            have committed violations of international law and
the outset, I welcome the presence among us of the         international humanitarian law. We must also ensure
Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of the         the safe, voluntary and dignified return of refugees and
Netherlands. We also thank the Under Secretary-            internally displaced persons, according to international
General for Humanitarian Affairs and Emergency             criteria. The Council must therefore redouble its efforts
Relief Coordinator, Mr. Mark Lowcock, for his valuable     and work collectively in order to resolve the crisis.
briefing on the latest developments concerning the         The humanitarian situation will keep deteriorating if
humanitarian situation in Syria.                           a political solution of the Syrian crisis is not reached
    We fully associate ourselves with the statement        pursuant to resolution 2254 (2015) and the 2012 Geneva
                                                           communiqué (S/2012/522, annex).
delivered by the representative of Sweden, which was
also made on our behalf, and I wish to make a few              In conclusion, since this meeting is the last
additional remarks in our national capacity.               scheduled on the humanitarian situation in Syria for


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13/12/2018                                The situation in the Middle East                                   S/PV. 8423


this year, I take this opportunity to thank the delegation   and detention by Al-Assad’s security services. There is
of Sweden, especially Ambassador Olof Skoog and his          a complete lack of security. After seven years of war,
team, for their cooperation on the humanitarian file         more than 6 million Syrians are internally displaced,
of a dear Arab State that should enjoy security and          including the incredible number of 2.5 million children.
stability. We commend the marvellous performance             After seven years of war, those people should be free
of the delegation of Sweden, which was admired by            to choose to go back to their homes. Instead, they are
everyone in the Council. After we closely worked             faced with discriminatory legislation that undermines
with it on this and other dossiers, I can honestly say       their housing, land and property rights. After seven
that the delegation of Sweden has enjoyed the great          years of war, countless Syrians have had no news of
confidence of all members of the Council because of its      the whereabouts of their loved ones. Is there still hope,
demonstrated professionalism, credibility and integrity      or were their family members, neighbours and friends
in upholding and staunchly defending the Charter of          arrested, detained and tortured — or even killed — in
the United Nations and international law. We therefore       regime-run prisons?
again congratulate the Ambassador and the delegation
                                                                 We have held a seat on the Security Council for
of Sweden on their efforts and achievements, and look
                                                             one year. Many times, the situation in Syria has been
forward to working with the delegations of Germany
                                                             on the agenda. Many times, progress has been blocked
and Belgium on the Syrian humanitarian dossier
                                                             by the lack of implementation of Security Council
starting in January 2019.
                                                             resolutions. For how many more years will Syria
    The President (spoke in French): I now call on           remain on the agenda of the Security Council? For how
the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the Kingdom of           many more years should we allow the Syrian regime’s
the Netherlands.                                             systematic human rights abuse and institutionalized
                                                             violence to continue? It is clear that the situation must
    Mr. Blok (Netherlands): I would like to thank
                                                             not be allowed to continue. Syrians are in dire need of
Mr. Lowcock for his sobering briefing.
                                                             progress. There are four points I would like to make.
     In March, I had the honour to speak in this Chamber
                                                                 First, humanitarian actors should have unimpeded
for the first time (see S/PV.8217). The same topic
                                                             access to all civilians in need, all over Syria. I that
was on the agenda: the humanitarian crisis in Syria.
                                                             regard, I welcome the renewal of the mandate of the
I am addressing the Security Council today in the
                                                             cross-border aid mechanism for 12 months so that no
knowledge that this situation will remain on the agenda
                                                             one is left behind. I commend Sweden and Kuwait,
for the foreseeable future. Millions of Syrians continue
                                                             as co-penholders, for their excellent work. It is also
to suffer. Back in March, the Syrian regime and their
                                                             imperative that access from within Syria to areas under
allies were bombing civilians in eastern Ghouta. The
                                                             control of the regime be granted without delay.
delivery of humanitarian aid was obstructed and longestablished norms of international humanitarian law              Secondly, we need a sustainable solution for
were gravely violated.                                       the fragile ceasefire in Idlib. I call on all parties
                                                             involved to refrain from hostilities, which would
    Today, nine months later, the air strikes on eastern
                                                             lead to a humanitarian catastrophe with grave
Ghouta have stopped. But as we all know, that did not
                                                             international implications.
mean an end to the horror for Syrians. Humanitarian
workers continue to have very limited access. Many                Thirdly, with the help of the International Committee
refugees and internally displaced persons cannot go          of the Red Cross and UNHCR we have to uncover the
back; they fear for their safety. The conditions set for     fate of all those Syrians who have disappeared, list the
their safe return by the Office of the United Nations        names of those detained and investigate and prosecute
High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) have not              human rights violators.
been met.
                                                                 Finally, we fully support the Special Envoy’s
     After years of terror and starvation, children,         convening of a constitutional committee before the end
women and men in former opposition-held territory still      of the year. The United Nations has a central role to
lack access to food, medical care and schooling. Access      play in that process, in line with resolution 2254 (2015)
to those basic necessities is being blocked. Furthermore,    and the Sochi communiqué. Let me also underline that
those people now live in fear of retribution, persecution    the European Union will not begin development and


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S/PV.8423                                 The situation in the Middle East                                    13/12/2018


reconstruction efforts before a comprehensive, genuine           Mr. Delattre (spoke in French): First and foremost,
and inclusive political transition is firmly under way.      on behalf of France, I would like to welcome the
For my Government, it is inconceivable to finance a          adoption of resolution 2449 (2018). This resolution is
regime responsible for crimes against humanity and           vital, in the literal sense of the word, as cross-border
war crimes.                                                  humanitarian assistance is a matter of life or death for
                                                             millions of Syrians. We are pleased by the spirit of
     Let me say something about those crimes. Some
                                                             responsibility within the Security Council, which has
of the darkest crimes of modern time have taken place
                                                             served to give priority to the humanitarian imperative
during the Syrian conflict — and are still taking place.
                                                             over political considerations. On behalf of France as
There will be no stability until the perpetrators of those
                                                             well, I would like to express our profound thanks to
crimes are brought to justice. To me it is clear that
                                                             the Permanent Missions of Sweden and Kuwait and
accountability is about upholding our human dignity,         to my colleagues — the Permanent Representatives
but what we see is impunity becoming the new normal.         of those two delegations — personally for their truly
That must end. We must not allow this immense                outstanding work.
human tragedy to become a travesty of international
law. It would be a terrible crisis of credibility for the        Allow me to thank Mr. Mark Lowcock for his
international community. The perpetrators of shocking        briefing, which was, as always, meticulous and most
crimes, including the Islamic State in Iraq and the Sham     enlightening. We reiterate our admiration for his
(ISIS) and Al-Qaida, will be found.                          work and the work of his teams in responding to the
                                                             humanitarian emergency in Syria. I also welcome the
    I urge all States to increase their support for the      presence of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the
International, Impartial and Independent Mechanism           Kingdom of the Netherlands, Mr. Stephanus Blok,
for Syria. Its aim is simple and clear: to ensure            among us today.
that information about serious crimes is collected,
analysed and preserved for the future. I call on all             As Mr. Lowcock has already recalled to us, the
Council members to refer the situation in Syria to the       situation in Syria continues to be a source of extreme
International Criminal Court.                                concern. In the Idlib region in particular, ceasefire
                                                             violations are on the rise and the risk of a humanitarian
    Finally, ISIS fighters have committed gruesome           disaster still cannot be ruled out. We must therefore
crimes that, in the case of the crimes against Yazidis,      remain fully mobilized around three key priorities:
may amount to genocide. I call on all members of the         the need to protect civilians, the need to guarantee
Council to work together to achieve recognition by the       humanitarian access and the need for a lasting political
Council of those grave crimes, including genocide,           solution in Syria.
so that we can make sure such heinous crimes are
not repeated.                                                     First, on the need to protect civilians, as highlighted
                                                             by Mr. Lowcock, the situation in Idlib remains
    This will be the last time I speak about Syria here,     exceedingly fragile. The cessation of hostilities should
but I am sure that I will not be the last person to speak    not be a temporary solution, but should provide for the
about Syria. The Kingdom of the Netherlands will             lasting stabilization of the situation in Idlib in line with
continue to fight for justice, peace and accountability      the commitments made at the quadripartite summit
for Syria and others — at the Council, in The Hague          held in Istanbul for a sustainable ceasefire in northand beyond.                                                  west Syria. That is the only way to protect civilians,
     The Kingdom of the Netherlands will soon end its        including humanitarian and medical personnel. It must
                                                             be a top priority for all stakeholders. All parties must
term on the Security Council. On a more personal note,
                                                             respect their obligations as stipulated by international
if I may, it has been an honour to speak on behalf of my
                                                             humanitarian law. That imperative is non-negotiable.
country in this seat and in this Chamber. I know that
discussions, debates and decisions in the Council are            The second priority is to ensure humanitarian
not always easy. However, that is no reason to despair.      access. It is imperative that the 13 million people in
According to the writings of Tolstoy, for every situation,   need receive humanitarian assistance. It is unacceptable
no matter how difficult, there will be a solution. It all    for the regime to continue to block convoys to hardcomes down to making a decision.                             to-reach areas. We reiterate our call to the actors with


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13/12/2018                                 The situation in the Middle East                                   S/PV. 8423


influence over the regime to ensure safe, full and             homes and properties. But that collectively implies
unhindered humanitarian access throughout Syrian               creating the conditions for that return to be possible,
territory, in accordance with the relevant Security            within the framework guaranteed by international law.
Council resolutions and international humanitarian
                                                                   France will continue to spare no effort to respond
law. In Rukban camp in particular, it is essential that
                                                               to the humanitarian situation in Syria and promote a
the United Nations be able to quickly dispatch a new
                                                               credible political solution.
convoy to deliver aid to the tens of thousands of people
trapped in the camp and living in dire conditions.                 Mr. Hunter (United States of America): I thank
                                                               Under-Secretary-General Lowcock for his briefing.
     While the Council has just adopted resolution 2449
                                                               Once again, we commend the very important work the
(2018), which renews the mechanism established by
                                                               Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
resolution 2165 (2014), I would like to recall that there
                                                               and its humanitarian partners do on a daily basis to help
is no alternative to cross-border aid for the effective and
                                                               the Syrian people. Mr. Lowcock’s briefings shed light
impartial delivery of assistance to millions of people
                                                               on the facts regarding Syrians in need of help and the
in need, including in Idlib, while the regime continues
                                                               humanitarian system’s ability to reach them, and that
to use humanitarian aid for political purposes. That
                                                               helps us make decisions in the Security Council based
mechanism provides several hundred thousand people
                                                               on the realities on the ground and not on political spin.
with crucial assistance every day.
                                                                    The United States is proud to have voted in favour
     Lastly, I would like to reiterate that there will be
                                                               of resolution 2449 (2018), which renews resolution 2165
no lasting humanitarian solution without a credible
                                                               (2014) for another 12 months. I would like to commend
political process. It is essential for everyone to assume
                                                               Sweden and Kuwait for their stewardship over the
their responsibilities and allow the United Nations
                                                               negotiations to ensure that the Council’s deliberations
to convene the first meeting of the constitutional
                                                               on the continuation of the United Nation’s vital crosscommittee before the end of the year, in accordance
                                                               border humanitarian aid mechanism remained focused
with the commitments made in Istanbul on 27 October.
                                                               on the needs of the Syrian people, millions of whom
Provided that its composition is credible and balanced,
                                                               have received life-sustaining aid from the humanitarian
the committee would be a positive first step in a
                                                               aid mechanism established under resolution 2165 (2014)
political process to be conducted under the supervision
                                                               since the mandate was first adopted by the Council,
of the United Nations, within the framework of
                                                               four years ago.
resolution 2254 (2015). Such political progress should,
in turn, facilitate the improvement of the humanitarian             Today’s vote to continue the cross-border
situation, with the goal of kick-starting a virtuous circle.   humanitarian deliveries will ensure that food, clothing,
                                                               shelter and medical supplies reach, on average, 1 million
    It is all the more urgent to recall this in a
                                                               people in Syria each month. The United Nations crosshumanitarian briefing: humanitarian aid is an immediate
                                                               border mechanism is transparent, effective and essential
need, subject to the conditions of strict neutrality,
                                                               for improving humanitarian conditions inside Syria.
impartiality and independence. It is to be differentiated
from reconstruction, which will be possible only once              In the face of that astounding humanitarian
a credible, inclusive and irreversible political transition    need, the United States remains the single-largest
has begun.                                                     humanitarian donor to the Syria crisis, having provided
                                                               over $9 billion in humanitarian aid to those most in
     Let us not be fooled by the regime’s fable. The reality
                                                               need since the start of the conflict. We are proud of our
of the statistics clearly shows that it is not the absence
                                                               unwavering commitment to support the Syrian people,
of reconstruction that prevents the voluntary and safe
                                                               and we will continue it. But we need to be clear that
return of refugees; it is the absence of guarantees against
                                                               conditions in Syria are not changing for the better, even
arbitrary arrests, forced expropriations, dispossession
                                                               though some would like us to think that they are.
of identity documents, forced conscription and, more
broadly, the lack of credible progress in the political            In 2018 the Al-Assad regime attacked civilian
process. The conditions for the return of refugees are         populations using chemical weapons, air strikes and
freedom and security. We are committed to enabling             barrel bombs to reassert control over half the territory.
such a safe and dignified return of refugees to their          Even as the regime has seized more territory, the truth


18-437559/22

S/PV.8423                                  The situation in the Middle East                                  13/12/2018


is that humanitarian needs are getting worse. In Syria             Unfortunately, the risks of even greater humanitarian
today, there are 13 million people, over 70 per cent          suffering in Syria remain high, absent tangible progress
of the country’s population, in need of humanitarian          towards a political solution through the formation of a
assistance. And, by far, most of the people who need          constitutional committee and due to troubling reports
assistance are in areas controlled by the regime. That        and indications of a potential military escalation in
is because, as always, the Al-Assad regime seeks to           Idlib, despite the fragile ceasefire, held together by the
punish the Syrian people, not to help them.                   Turkey-Russia brokered demilitarized zone.
     When we look at the significant gaps in humanitarian          Let me repeat that any military escalation in
access in eastern Ghouta, Idlib and Rukban, and we            Idlib would be catastrophic for the millions of
look at the ongoing instability of the security situation     non-combatants there and for the stability of Syria’s
and the hundreds of thousands who remain arbitrarily          neighbours. Last week, my Government made public
detained in regime prisons, it is clear that the conditions   our analysis that pro-regime forces likely used tear
in Syria are still very dire, and for many Syrians they       gas against civilians in Aleppo on 24 November, and
remain very dangerous. Those conditions are not               then the Al-Assad regime and Russia falsely accused
conducive to the facilitation of large-scale returns of       the opposition and extremist groups of conducting a
refugees, and now is not the time to be pushing Syrians       chlorine attack. We believe that the intention behind
to return home.                                               Damascus and Moscow’s disinformation campaign was
    Until the Al-Assad regime lives up to its                 to use the alleged attack to undermine confidence in the
commitments to provide regular, safe and unhindered           ceasefire in Idlib.
humanitarian access and fully engage in a political
                                                                  Given the grave humanitarian consequences
transition, in line with resolution 2254 (2015), the
                                                              of a break in the Idlib ceasefire, it is important that
United States and our partners will not consider
                                                              Council members do all they can to ensure that the
providing reconstruction funds for Syria, absent an
                                                              ceasefire holds. Efforts must move forward to form
irreversible political process.
                                                              the constitutional committee as quickly as possible.
     It is a sad reality of the Syrian conflict that          Russia’s promises to actively support the United
the Al-Assad regime remains committed to using                Nations efforts to convene the committee have yet to
humanitarian access and aid as a political tool. To this      be fulfilled, and the 30 December deadline, laid out in
day Damascus has not approved United Nations aid              the Istanbul summit statement, is rapidly approaching.
convoys to access Idlib, where 3 million people can be
reached only through the cross-border mechanism. The               Few places exemplify humanitarian need as much
people of Rukban are once again waiting on the regime         as Rukban, where once again a United Nations shipment
to facilitate a second aid convoy. The uncertainty around     of assistance is delayed. The United States is gravely
humanitarian access and the regime’s unwillingness to         concerned by the humanitarian conditions in Rukban
uphold humanitarian principles are why a 12-month             and calls on the Al-Assad regime and the Russian
renewal of resolution 2165 (2014) was so critical.            Federation to take all the necessary steps to urgently
                                                              facilitate the next aid convoy. The United Nations has
     Make no mistake that the United States looks             underscored the need to move with a sense of urgency.
forward to the day when this mandate is no longer             Winterization supplies are urgently needed in the camp
needed — first, because there will be no risk of further      and UNICEF stands ready to conduct another round of
military escalation by the regime or its allies, and,         critical children’s immunizations. It should be noted
secondly, because we will see tangible improvements           that those vaccinations are time-sensitive.
in unhindered and sustained access throughout Syria.
However, it is clear from Under-Secretary-General                 This should not be a complicated or contentious
Lowcock’s briefing today that the humanitarian                process. The United States and Russia have worked
conditions in Syria remain dire. Security conditions are      successfully together to make a humanitarian delivery
fragile, and in some areas they remain very dangerous.        possible in November. It is important that we — the
Cross-line and cross-border access remains vital for          United States and Russia — work together with the
millions of Syrian civilians who rely on the continuation     United Nations again now to secure a second delivery
of this resolution’s mechanism for life-sustaining aid.       to Rukban this month, as agreed.


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13/12/2018                               The situation in the Middle East                                   S/PV. 8423


    Progress is possible. Let us spare no effort to         representatives in the Chamber today to let us have a
facilitate an immediate delivery. There is no time for      proper explanation or, better, to grant the requests of
further delays. The United States is ready to move          OCHA so that those people can get the help they need.
forward with the second delivery to Rukban immediately,
and with the convening of the constitutional committee           We want to look forward to a time when
immediately. The Syrian people are still counting on the    humanitarian aid is no longer necessary, when we can
Council. We call on our fellow Council members and          offer help in rebuilding and reconstruction and when
the Syrian regime and its allies to join in our sense of    conditions allow the Syrians who have had to flee to
urgency and resolve these issues without further delay.     return to their homes voluntarily, in safety and dignity
                                                            and in line with international humanitarian law. But we
    Ms. Pierce (United Kingdom): I thank Under-             need to be crystal clear that we are not there yet; Syria
Secretary-General Lowcock for being at this meeting,        is not there yet. This resolution, as both my French
for his briefing and for all the work that his team is      and American colleagues noted, is emphatically not a
doing on the ground to help the people of Syria.            call for refugee return. It is for the Syrian parties to
    The United Kingdom joins other colleagues in            create conditions that are conducive to their safe and
welcoming the adoption of resolution 2449 (2018). This      voluntary return. That is a critical distinction. The
ensures that aid can continue to move across borders        Al-Assad regime, supported by its backers, has not
to reach those people who depend on its arrival. We         only created an environment that makes humanitarian
thank the co-penholders, Sweden and Kuwait, for their       aid essential for millions of Syrians, but it continues
sustained efforts to make agreement today possible.         to use aid as a weapon of war. We therefore call on the
    As others have noted, this resolution keeps open        Syrian authorities to cease doing that respond to the
routes for humanitarian aid that offer a lifeline to        requests of the United Nations and engage with the
millions of Syrians, including those in hard-to-reach       political process to pursue a credible, balanced political
areas and those who could not otherwise receive the         settlement, which provides the only foreseeable way out
support they need. The United Nations has stated that       of the conflict. We look to Russia to use its influence
2.6 million people are accessible only through these        with the Syrian authorities to press them to do that,
cross-border routes.                                        maintain the ceasefire in Idlib, in accordance with the
                                                            Sochi agreement, and ensure that humanitarian access
     The decision to renew resolution 2165 (2014) by        continues for as long as it is necessary.
way of today’s adoption is therefore positive, but it is
no cause for celebration, as the need for its renewal           I also want to echo that reconstruction money will not
is the result solely of the dire situation on the ground.   be available from my Government or from our partners
Approximately 13 million people in Syria need               until there is a viable and lasting political process.
humanitarian assistance, and 5.2 million of them are
                                                                Adopting today’s resolution sends a clear message
considered to be in acute need.
                                                            from the international community that we remain
    As the Dutch Minister reminded us, every month we       committed to supporting the people of Syria. At the
come to the Council, we hear a briefing from the Under-     same time, it also sends a very clear message that aid
Secretary-General and we say the same things. Every         should never be use as a weapon and must reach those
month there is a list from Under-Secretary-General of       who need it without impediment. It is also an important
requests that the United Nations and the Office for the     reminder that, notwithstanding our differences, as
Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) have            the Dutch Minister further reminded us, the Council
made for access for humanitarian assistance, and every      can — and should — act on Syria.
month, very sadly and almost criminally negligently,
the Syrian Government does not grant the request of             Ms. Wronecka (Poland): I would also like to
the United Nations humanitarian wing. I think we all        thank Under-Secretary-General Lowcock for his
need to demand a really comprehensive answer as to          comprehensive briefing. Allow me to also praise our
why the requests from OCHA are not being met when           colleagues from Kuwait and Sweden for their efforts
so many people depend on humanitarian assistance            and their leadership in leading the process of very
for their survival. I really would appeal through           difficult negotiations. I am very pleased to see the
you, Mr. President, to both the Russian and Syrian          result, and I congratulate them again on their work.


18-4375511/22

S/PV.8423                                  The situation in the Middle East                                  13/12/2018


    We welcome the outcome of today’s vote on                 resolution 2254 (2015) and the Geneva communiqué
resolution 2449 (2018), which renews the cross-               (S/2012/522, annex). In that context, I want to express
border deliveries mechanism. We have underlined our           our regret that no tangible progress was made during
strong support for that renewal many times. It enables        the last meeting in Astana in overcoming the stalemate
humanitarian supplies to cross into Syria, provides aid       on the composition of the constitutional committee. The
to those in urgent need and supports the delivery of          efforts of the Special Envoy to establish a legitimate,
basic services.                                               credible and balanced constitutional committee in his
                                                              remaining time in office have our full support.
    The conflict in Syria has caused violence and
violations of the international law, including human              Mr. Nebenzia (Russian Federation) (spoke in
rights law, and has brought suffering to the civilian         Russian): We would like to thank Mr. Lowcock for his
population of Syria. The continuing impunity for              briefing on the humanitarian situation in Syria.
serious violations of international humanitarian law
                                                                   We would first like to comment on the Council’s
remains for us a grave concern.
                                                              adoption just now of resolution 2449 (2018),
    After a period of relative calm over the past             extending the mandate for the cross-border delivery
two months, we are alarmed by the recent negative             of humanitarian assistance into Syria. Our position on
impact of armed conflict on civilians in many parts           that non-transparent — to put it mildly — mechanism
of Syria: the north-west and north-east of the country        is well known. The new realities in the Syrian Arab
in particular. Any military operations should take all        Republic demand that it be rejigged with the ultimate
feasible precautions to avoid harm to the thousands of        goal of being gradually but inevitably removed. That
civilians who are trapped in the middle of the fighting       fact that that view was not reflected in the resolution
on the ground.                                                determined our position on the vote. We were not
                                                              about to block it altogether, owing to humanitarian
     We again see a risk of humanitarian catastrophe in
                                                              considerations and appeals from our partners in the
Idlib governorate and the surrounding areas. Civilians
                                                              region. However, we want to point out that its text is
across Idlib and the surrounding areas have continued
                                                              divorced from reality and is based on four-year-old
to face a range of security threats, while massive
                                                              formulas. For example, why keep the Dar’a-Ramtha
humanitarian needs have persisted. We consider the
                                                              cross-border checkpoint on the list when the Syrian
agreement between Russia and Turkey on the Idlib
                                                              authorities have been controlling it from the Syrian side
de-escalation zone a right move towards avoiding a
                                                              for a long time now? In the next few months we intend
humanitarian catastrophe. But, at the same time, we
                                                              to monitor the supply of humanitarian assistance under
again stress that all parties to the conflict should ensure
                                                              the cross-border mechanism carefully and demand
the full implementation of the agreement.
                                                              proper transparency and accountability.
    While underlining the obligation of all the
                                                                  The Secretariat’s methods for preparing its reports
parties to the conflict to protect civilians and civilian
                                                              on the humanitarian situation in Syria should also be
infrastructure, we insist on practical measures to
                                                              carefully reviewed. The current report (S/2018/1104)
alleviate civilian suffering. That is why we strongly
                                                              does not cover such important points as assistance in
believe that cross-border assistance remains a vital
                                                              rebuilding infrastructure, the trends in the return of
component of this major humanitarian response, which
                                                              refugees, the impact of unilateral sanctions on people’s
reaches millions of Syrians each month. It has to be
                                                              lives and mine-clearance issues. We urge our colleagues
noted that, according to humanitarian workers, one
                                                              to reconsider the inflexibility of their approaches,
third of the people in need of humanitarian assistance
                                                              which have little to do with the current situation in
are in areas that cannot be accessed from inside Syria,
                                                              Syria, and to join in the collective efforts to improve
including nearly to 2 million internally displaced
                                                              the country’s difficult socioeconomic situation, restore
people in the Idlib de-escalation zone. Aid delivered
                                                              what the terrorists have destroyed and assure the
from Turkey and Iraq continues to save lives.
                                                              inalienable right of refugees and internally displaced
    Let me conclude by underlining that there can be          persons to return. In that context, we would like to
no military solution to the Syrian conflict. A political      point to the announcement by the United Nations High
agreement remains the only way towards peace. That            Commissioner for Refugees that more than 250,000
requires a genuine political transition in line with          Syrians are ready to return home next year.


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13/12/2018                                The situation in the Middle East                                   S/PV. 8423


      In our view, a selective approach to the provision     humanitarian aid to Rukban must be carefully thought
of assistance to the Syrian people is unseemly.              through and the shortcomings of the first convoy
Politicizing issues related to humanitarian assistance is    eliminated. We have to agree on parameters that
unacceptable. People cannot openly defame the Syrian         will ensure maximum transparency and the targeted
Government while ignoring the unilateral steps taken         distribution of assistance without the participation of
by other actors in the Syrian conflict. At the very least,   illegal armed groups, and the Americans occupying the
it is unethical to pretend that Raqqa does not exist. And    area have the responsibility for that.
yet 80 per cent of the city’s civilian infrastructure lies
                                                                  The fact that the trend towards stabilization is
in ruins. They are still pulling bodies out from under the   strengthening in Syria is undeniable. Despite the
rubble of people who died in the campaign to liberate        continuing problems, there has been genuinely positive
the city from the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant       progress on the humanitarian front that is particularly
(ISIL), who according to some estimates number more          noticeable in the territories controlled by Damascus.
than 8,000. Incidentally, at the time no one supported       As we have repeatedly stressed, at this critical time the
the proposal to introduce humanitarian pauses in order       international community must now extend a helping
to get civilians away from the bombardments.                 hand to the Syrians in order to help them overcome
     We need to urgently resolve two issues that are         the devastation and restore normal life for those who
critical to improving the situation in Syria. The first      have made the decision to return voluntarily to their
is lifting the unilateral sanctions introduced by a          homeland. Incidentally, since the Russian initiative on
number of States without delay. Those restrictions           this was launched in July the total number of returnees
harm ordinary Syrians most of all, as independent            is now in the tens of thousands.
experts, including some in the United Nations system,             Today our American colleagues gave us
have acknowledged, by the way. Secondly, we have to          disinformation squared. In April the Syrian Government
end the illegal occupation of Syrian territory, which        was blamed for a staged chemical attack in Douma
is not only undermining its territorial integrity and        in eastern Ghouta. The outcome of the investigation
sovereignty but also strengthening separatist trends         is still unknown. The experts are apparently still
there, and that represents a threat to the national          collecting something or other. Might that be because
security of neighbouring countries.                          admitting the provocation would mean acknowledging
     Withdrawal from the 55-kilometre so-called              full-on involvement in the illegal act of aggression in
security zone established by the United States around        April for which the provocation served as an excuse?
the Syrian town of Al-Tanf is the main precondition for      And now, when we have reliable information that shells
a lasting solution to the Rukban problem. As we know,        containing chlorine were used by the same militants
the conditions in the camp there, which according to         who had used them before — which our Western
various estimates is housing as many as 50,000 people,       partners had admitted — they have come up with a new
are very difficult, in fact bordering on a humanitarian      tactic, accusing Syria and Russia of disinformation and
disaster, with the residents basically being held hostage    forgery. The Syrian Government has invited specialists
by the illegal armed groups active in the area that are      from the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical
linked to ISIL. Considering the deteriorating situation      Weapons to Syria, but for some reason they are in no
in the camp, at the beginning of November Russia             hurry to arrive. Apparently they are studying something
supported sending a United Nations humanitarian              remotely. Where other areas were concerned, they
convoy and made significant efforts to help organize         were in a rush to get there, although it is true that they
                                                             did their evidence-collecting in spots far from where
it, including through its contacts with the Government
                                                             the incidents had actually taken place. And yet now
of Syria. Unfortunately, the humanitarian operation
                                                             Washington has borrowed a brilliant formula originally
within the 55-kilometre zone was not well organized.
                                                             dreamed up by London whereby the Syrian Government
The distribution of the humanitarian aid was farmed
                                                             poisoned its own citizens with tear gas and then blamed
out to militants from the Maghawir Al-Thawra group.
                                                             the militants. Gentlemen, this is all dreadfully clumsy
The staff of the United Nations and the Syrian Arab
                                                             and we can see right through the propaganda.
Red Crescent had very limited access to the distribution
process, which resulted in part of it falling into the           The Astana guarantors are now focusing on
militants’ hands. That means that the next delivery of       the situation in Idlib within the framework of the


18-4375513/22

S/PV.8423                                  The situation in the Middle East                                     13/12/2018


implementation of the 17 September stabilization              Syrian humanitarian issue as a member of the Security
memorandum. However, it must be understood that the           Council, I want to take this opportunity to reiterate
importance of a sustainable ceasefire does not negate         our profound appreciation for his effective leadership.
the need to continue working to effectively combat            His briefings have always been very useful in bringing
terrorism. We note Turkey’s serious efforts within            the humanitarian tragedy in Syria to the attention of
its existing commitments to separate the terrorists           the Council and the entire world. I thank him for his
from moderate groups. It would be helpful if those            outstanding and impeccable service. We also thank
who originally supported those groups with the aim            all humanitarian workers for their selfless service in
of replacing the legitimate Government made efforts           delivering aid to all in need.
to educate them. That would be a more fundamental
                                                                  Despite a relative drop in the overall intensity of
contribution to the efforts to reach a settlement than the
                                                              violence, civilians in some parts of Syria are still affected
constant barrage of groundless questions and demands
                                                              by the direct and indirect consequences of hostilities,
directed at Russia and other States about what to do and
                                                              including deaths, injuries and the destruction of civilian
how to do it.
                                                              facilities. In that regard, we concur with the Secretary-Russia and the other guarantor countries will            General, whose most recent report (S/2018/1104)
continue their intensive efforts on the political front       appealed for enhancing the efforts to maintain the
with regard to implementing the decision taken by the         de-escalation and the agreed demilitarization zone
Syrians in Sochi to form a constitutional committee.          in Idlib and to protect civilians. We reiterate our
Right now, the negotiations are at a particularly intensive   appreciation to Turkey and Russia for their continued
stage. We continue to believe that all the parameters         efforts to implement the Idlib agreement. Avoiding a
for the activity of a constitutional committee should         military escalation there remains critical to averting any
be approved by the Syrians themselves. That is the            possible humanitarian catastrophe. In that connection,
only way that it can be effective and functional. We          we encourage all States with influence on the parties
want to emphasize that there is no viable alternative to      to work together and strengthen global coordination in
a constitutional committee. We urge everyone to join          combating terrorist groups on the United Nations list.
in the collective work of establishing a comprehensive
                                                                   The United Nations and its humanitarian partners
political process, which is crucial to Syria, the Middle
                                                              have continued to reach millions of people through all
East and the entire international community, under
                                                              the available access routes, including through crossthe auspices of the United Nations and in line with the
                                                              border assistance, which the report of the Secretaryrelevant Security Council resolutions.
                                                              General cites as a vital part of the humanitarian
     Mr. Amde (Ethiopia): Let me start by welcoming           response. We welcome the continued endeavours to
the adoption of resolution 2449 (2018), which we believe      scale up humanitarian aid delivered from inside Syria.
will enable the United Nations and its humanitarian           In that regard, we strongly encourage the United
partners to deliver essential life-saving assistance to all   Nations and the Syrian Government to continue their
Syrians, based on their needs. We have always believed        consultations on improving humanitarian access to all
that the Council should be united in supporting the           areas, including those that are hard to reach. The safe,
United Nations and its humanitarian partners, which           sustained and unhindered delivery of humanitarian
have been working under difficult circumstances to            access remains critical for all Syrians. In that regard,
deliver aid to millions of Syrians. Syrians’ humanitarian     the implementation of the resolution we adopted today
needs should be our priority, and addressing them             is crucial to improving humanitarian access.
should be central to the Council’s deliberations and
                                                                  In conclusion, as we have repeatedly stated, only
decisions. We hope that the resolution we adopted today
                                                              a comprehensive political solution can address the
will contribute to ending the suffering of all Syrians.
                                                              humanitarian tragedy in Syria. There is no military
We would like to express our appreciation to the
                                                              solution to the Syrian crisis. It will be resolved only with
penholders, Kuwait and Sweden, for effectively leading
                                                              a political solution, facilitated by the United Nations,
the negotiation process, and we thank all delegations
                                                              based on resolution 2254 (2015), which commits to
for their constructive engagement.
                                                              meeting the legitimate aspirations of the people of
    We thank Under-Secretary-General Mark Lowcock             Syria. As the Secretary-General reminded us in his
for his briefing. Since this is our last statement on the     report, the sole goal of United Nations efforts — ending


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13/12/2018                                 The situation in the Middle East                                  S/PV. 8423


the suffering of Syrians — should be supported by us          as well as the surrender of heavy weaponry by some
all. In that regard, we look forward to Special Envoy de      members of terrorist groups. We encourage the parties
Mistura’s briefing next week.                                 to replicate those agreements, as well as that made
                                                              in Istanbul on 27 October between Turkey, Russia,
     Mr. Llorentty Solíz (Plurinational State of
                                                              Germany and France. Such commitments have a major
Bolivia) (spoke in Spanish): My delegation would like
                                                              impact on people when they enable humanitarian
to thank Mr. Mark Lowcock, Under-Secretary-General
                                                              assistance and medical attention to reach them quickly.
for Humanitarian Affairs, for his briefing.
                                                                  We also commend the most recent compromise
     As some of our colleagues have already said, the
                                                              between the United Nations and the Governments of
conflict in Syria has lasted for more than seven years,
                                                              Syria, Jordan, Russia and the United States enabling a
and according to the Office for the Coordination of           convoy with humanitarian aid for 50,000 people to enter
Humanitarian Affairs, more than 500,000 people                Rukban camp, and we call for the continuation of efforts
have lost their lives and approximately 13 million            to bring in humanitarian aid and cross-border convoys
people are in need, of whom 5.3 million are children.         within a framework of respect for the sovereignty of
Nonetheless, the Syrian people continue to hope               Syria, which has reclaimed much of its territory.
for peace in their country and for a return to normal
everyday life, which at the moment seems a long                   I would once again like to pay special tribute to
way off. We deplore the fact that non-State armed             the personnel of the various humanitarian agencies
opposition groups and Security Council-designated             and organizations who risk their own safety and
terrorist groups are still perpetrating attacks that result   lives to do their work. Within the framework of
in the death or displacement of innocent civilians. In        international humanitarian law, we call on the parties
spite of that, however, we want to remind the Council         to guarantee unconditional and unhindered access
that all counter-terrorism-related initiatives should take    to aid personnel, keeping them safe and secure and
international law into consideration.                         ensuring that humanitarian convoys and personnel,
                                                              medical centres and schools do not become military
    Bolivia voted in favour of today’s resolution             targets, regardless of the circumstances. We encourage
because we believe that humanitarian assistance for           the parties involved to continue their efforts to enable
the Syrian people is urgent, particularly those in hard-      emergency medical evacuations and the establishment
to-reach areas, as well as the most vulnerable who are        of humanitarian corridors that allow civilians to move
in need of protection and psychosocial support. We            around voluntarily, as well as ensuring the dignified
thank the delegations of Kuwait and Sweden for their          and safe return of internally displaced persons and
commitment during the negotiations on the text for            refugees to their places of origin. Clearing those areas
today’s adoption of resolution 2449 (2018).                   of unexploded ordnance, explosive remnants of war
    There have been numerous meetings on this issue           and landmines is an essential task, as is re-establishing
since Bolivia’s election as a member of the Council. We       water and sanitation services, schools and hospitals.
have witnessed the pressing need of the Syrian people              Bolivia rejects any attempts to fragment Syria or
for humanitarian assistance, but we have also seen            sow sectarianism in that country. We also reject the
major progress made in stabilizing and in de-escalating       presence in Syria of foreign military forces without
the violence of previous years, which in the past few         the authorization of the Syrian Government. Those
months has brought about a palpable change in the             forces must be withdrawn within the framework of
conflict on the ground, owing primarily to the opening        international law and the principles of the sovereignty,
up of dialogue between the parties involved. We               independence and territorial integrity of the Syrian
highlight the Astana agreements, which have enabled           Arab Republic. We also ask Mr. Lowcock to include in
the establishment of important de-escalation zones, and       his next briefing the impact of the unilateral sanctions
which we see as one of the initiatives that will help to      on the humanitarian situation in Syria. Those sanctions
reduce the level of violence in order to facilitate peace     are illegal under international law and there is no doubt
and stability in Syria. We also want to highlight the         that they have an impact on the delivery of humanitarian
agreement brokered by Russia and Turkey establishing          aid. In addition, we reiterate our call for humanitarian
a demilitarized zone to facilitate the delivery of            aid to not be selective; furthermore, we call for the
humanitarian aid and emergency medical evacuation,            depoliticization of humanitarian aid. Finally, we


18-4375515/22

S/PV.8423                                The situation in the Middle East                                  13/12/2018


reiterate, as the representative of Ethiopia pointed out,   Nations assistance in Syria, because we believe that
there is no military solution to the situation in Syria.    the resolution is essential for cross-border operations.
The only solution is to be found in an inclusive, Syrian-   We hope that its adoption will, in turn, alleviate the
led process that meets the legitimate aspirations of the    suffering of the Syrian people. We thank Ambassador
Syrian people, in line with resolution 2254 (2015) and      Mansour and Ambassador Skoog for facilitating the
as part of the Geneva process under the auspices of the     drafting, negotiation and adoption of the resolution.
United Nations.
                                                                 As the Secretary-General clearly describes in his
     Mr. Ndong Mba (Equatorial Guinea) (spoke in            report (S/2018/1104) and according to data from the
Spanish): My delegation welcomes the convening of           Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs,
this meeting and reiterates our gratitude to Mr. Mark       cross-border deliveries of humanitarian aid remain
Lowcock, Under-Secretary-General for Humanitarian           an indispensable lifeline for hundreds of thousands of
Affairs and Emergency Relief Coordinator, and his           people throughout Syria. Food aid reached an average
entire team for their work and for keeping us informed      of more than 750,000 people each month in the first
on a monthly basis about the humanitarian situation in      nine months of 2018 as a result of the cross-border
Syria.                                                      activities of the United Nations. There is no doubt
                                                            that after many years of ongoing conflict, the Security
    The shifting of the subject of this meeting from
                                                            Council, whose decisions are binding, should continue
the political to the humanitarian briefing — the former
                                                            to play a key role in shaping Syria’s future. It should do
originally slated for next week — led my delegation
                                                            so by bringing forward any initiatives that may one day,
think that some development must have occurred that
                                                            as someone once said, heal the wounds of the suffering
would make it possible to address the humanitarian
                                                            body of Syria. And that should always be done with full
issue in Syria with optimism and hope. Unfortunately,
                                                            respect for the sovereignty, independence, unity and
that is not the case. Despite the enormous human and
                                                            territorial integrity of the country. The Government
financial resources mobilized and deployed by the
                                                            of the Republic of Equatorial Guinea will continue to
United Nations and its humanitarian partners, the
                                                            prioritize a political solution to the conflict and calls
situation on the ground remains alarming. Since the
                                                            once again for members of the Council to pay more
beginning of the conflict in Syria, enough has been
                                                            attention to swiftly establishing and operationalizing
said about the humanitarian situation and a number of
                                                            the constitutional committee, in accordance with the
reports have been produced that have led to the same
                                                            outcomes of Syria’s National Dialogue Conference and
conclusion, which is that the humanitarian situation
                                                            resolution 2254 (2015).
remains extremely precarious, mainly due to increased
hostilities in various parts of the country.                    Mr. Ma Zhaoxu (China) (spoke in Chinese): China
                                                            abstained in the voting on resolution 2449 (2018), on
    The Government of Equatorial Guinea remains
                                                            renewing the measures for cross-border humanitarian
concerned about the recent escalation of violence
                                                            assistance to Syria. China is of the view that the
in various parts of the country, such as Idlib, where
                                                            international community’s humanitarian operations in
efforts must be redoubled to maintain the détente
                                                            Syria should abide by the principles that guide United
and ensure the demilitarization of the area, as agreed
                                                            Nations humanitarian work, as well as the relevant
last September, and protect the civilian population.
                                                            provisions of international law, and scrupulously
Furthermore, the reports of an alleged chemical attack
                                                            observe the principles of neutrality, impartiality and
at the end of November in Aleppo and the routine
                                                            non-politicization, while ensuring that all areas in
targeting of Deir ez-Zor by counter-terrorism operations
                                                            Syria and all the populations in need receive timely
require swift and decisive responses from the Council
                                                            assistance.
in order to protect thousands of families who, as the
conflict continues, are losing their loved ones. Once            Cross-border humanitarian assistance is a special
again, we emphasize the need for the warring parties        modality in response to a set of specific circumstances.
to comply with their obligations under international        It must fully respect the sovereignty, independence,
humanitarian law. Nothing justifies the deliberate use      unity and territorial integrity of Syria and proceed in
of explosive weapons in populated areas or the use of       strict compliance with Council resolutions. Actions in
chemical substances as a weapon of war. As such, we         that regard should be place under the oversight of the
voted in favour of resolution 2449 (2018), on United        United Nations, throughout the process, with greater


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13/12/2018                                The situation in the Middle East                                    S/PV. 8423


transparency. Due attention should be accorded to            Refugees put this number at a quarter of a million in
better coordination with the Syrian Government and           2019. The number of internally displaced persons
practical measures should be put in place to prevent aid     returning to their homes has also steadily increased.
supplies from falling into the hands of terrorist groups.    The restoration or reconstruction of housing and of
                                                             water, electricity, medical and educational facilities is a
     China commends Kuwait and Sweden in their
                                                             basic requirement, and the removal of mines and other
roles as co-penholders for taking on board proposals
                                                             explosive remnants of war is now a top priority.
from Member States regarding, inter alia, facilitating
the return of Syrian refugees, improving humanitarian             In view of the current situation, the Syrian parties
operations and adjusting the frequency of the reports        should put the greater good of national destiny and
of the Secretary-General over the course of the              people’s well-being first, respect the relevant Council
consultations on the resolution. Nevertheless, some          resolutions, resolve differences through dialogue and
legitimate concerns raised by members of the Council,        consultation, work together to keep Syria stable, prevent
including China, were not fully taken on board. There        an escalation of conflict, and continue to create enabling
was still room for improvement. We are of the view           conditions to ease the country’s humanitarian situation.
that members of the Council should continue to engage        It is incumbent upon the international community to
on that in order to maximize consensus. I would like         further increase its assistance — financial and in
to thank Under-Secretary-General Mark Lowcock for            kind — to the Syrian people and intensify support for the
his briefing. I also commend the efforts of the United       host countries of Syrian refugees, including Lebanon,
Nations and other actors concerned to improve the            Jordan and Turkey. At the same time, the international
humanitarian situation in Syria. China would like            community should step up its efforts to improve the
to share its perspective on the current humanitarian         humanitarian condition of returning Syrian refugees
situation in Syria,                                          and internally displaced persons and create supportive
                                                             conditions, whereby they can live and work happily
     First, the humanitarian situation in Syria on the
                                                             in peace. Part of this process is the reconstruction of
whole remains grim. Many years of conflict have
                                                             infrastructure.
left Syria with a large number of people in need of
assistance, crumbling infrastructure, food insecurity             The current situation in Syria is offering a window
and a lack of medical care and medicines. The situation      of opportunity for the political settlement process.
in northern and eastern Syria remains fragile. Civilian      The international community should firmly support
casualties persist, as does the risk of a deterioration of   the role of the United Nations as the main channel
the humanitarian situation.                                  of mediation and push the Syrian parties to come to
                                                             a solution that addresses the concerns of all parties
    Secondly, the security situation in Syria is stable on
                                                             through negotiations, based on the principle that the
the whole. Conflict has eased throughout the country,
                                                             process should be Syrian-led and Syrian-owned and in
which provides a more favourable environment for
                                                             accordance with Council resolution 2254 (2015). Only
improving the humanitarian situation. Although the
                                                             by so doing can we truly ease the humanitarian woes
implementation of the memorandum on the stabilization
                                                             facing Syria once and for all, leading to a comprehensive,
of the situation in the Idlib de-escalation zone has
                                                             just and proper settlement of the Syrian issue.
encountered some obstacles, the implementation process
is by and large under way. The Astana dialogue at the            Mr. Umarov (Kazakhstan): We thank Underend of November continues to play an important role          Secretary-General Lowcock for his comprehensive and
in the continued improvement of the Syrian situation         very informative briefing.
and in consolidating the cessation of hostilities and
                                                                 As we know that the ongoing conflict continues to
violence.
                                                             have an impact on the lives of civilians in Syria, we
    Thirdly, Syria’s humanitarian assistance needs           strongly support humanitarian actors, including United
have recently changed. As the situation in some parts        Nations agencies and non-governmental organizations,
of Syria improves, the number of Syrian refugees             operating across the country in saving lives. We voted
returning from neighbouring countries such as Jordan         for resolution 2449 (2018) today, as we did for every
and Lebanon is on the rise. The projections of the           resolution during our two-year term in the Security
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for           Council in which the issue of humanitarian aid


18-4375517/22

S/PV.8423                                 The situation in the Middle East                                  13/12/2018


and access was discussed. In so doing, Kazakhstan            peaceful efforts in Syria and ending the human
stresses the importance of abiding by the humanitarian       suffering. This is possible, it is evident, through an
principles of neutrality and impartiality, with assistance   inclusive Syrian-led political process that meets the
provided to all, whether in Government-controlled or         legitimate aspirations of the Syrian people. It is only
non-Government-controlled areas, thus leading to an          when the political tensions ease that the humanitarian
even distribution of humanitarian aid.                       crisis will be relieved over time.
    We commend UNICEF and the World Health                       Mr. Meza-Cuadra (Peru) (spoke in Spanish): We
Organization for their work in Syria, especially             would like to thank you, Mr. President, for convening
the 18-month-long intensive vaccination campaign,            this meeting and for Mr. Mark Lowcock’s important
which has been impressive and ended polio and virus          briefing.
outbreaks in and around Deir ez-Zor. Global experts in
public health, urology and epidemiology confirm this             Peru follows with deep concern the continuing
conclusion.                                                  conflict and the serious humanitarian situation in the
                                                             Syrian Arab Republic. It is clear that in recent months
    With respect to the talks in Astana, we welcome          there have been developments on the ground and that
the participation of the representatives of the Office of    levels of violence have been reduced. It is also true that
the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees            millions of people are living in conditions of extreme
and the International Committee of the Red Cross             vulnerability.
(ICRC) in the recent round of the Astana process on
28 and 29 November, for that led to ways of mitigating            We must deplore the persistence of violence in the
the humanitarian situation during discussions with the       north-west of the country and its impact on the civilian
delegations of Iran, Russia and Turkey. At the same          population, with new fatalities and injuries. We consider
time, in the disaster zones, we see the lack of control      it essential to avoid another humanitarian tragedy by
over the fair and efficient distribution of food, fuel,      preserving the demilitarized zone established in Idlib,
drinking water and medicines, especially when the            thanks to the agreement reached by Turkey and the
resources flow into the hands of the armed groups and        Russian Federation last September. We also consider it
not the civilian population.                                 necessary to address the precarious conditions in which
                                                             the civilian population trapped in Deir ez-Zor is living,
    Humanitarian aid must not be politicized. It is          and to protect them from attacks directed against
therefore necessary to implement a mechanism for             Da’esh militants.
coordinating the activities of the ICRC, the Syrian
Red Crescent Society, United Nations agencies, the                In reiterating our strong condemnation of all
Government of Syria and the guarantor countries. We          terrorist activity, we emphasize the need to observe the
see the great value of the United Nations initiative on      humanitarian principles of proportionality, legality and
demining and restoring the infrastructure of territories     precaution. In welcoming the recent United Nations
liberated from terrorists so as to enable humanitarian       humanitarian deployment in Rukban, we underscore
operations to begin. This will also assist refugees,         the obligation to allow sustained access to assistance
including those in the Rukban refugee camp, in               for as long as necessary.
returning home.                                                  On the other hand, we would like to welcome
    Kazakhstan considers the initiatives and                 the first advances made by the Astana group in the
programmes of the Food and Agriculture Organization          identification of missing persons, the return of mortal
most relevant, and appeals to other countries to support     remains, and the release of detainees and missing
and promote the organization’s programmes, including         persons. We hope that new and further developments in
providing Syrian farmers with free or subsidized seeds       these important humanitarian issues will contribute in
and fertilizers, in order to improve the food situation in   the coming weeks and months to promoting the relief
the country.                                                 from tensions required to end the conflict and achieve
                                                             Syrian reconciliation.
    Finally, we acknowledge with deep appreciation the
contribution of all participants in the Astana process           I conclude by stressing the need for the Security
and in particular the guarantor States. The Astana           Council to remain united in the exercise of its
negotiations on Syria will focus on consolidating            responsibilities under international humanitarian law,


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13/12/2018                               The situation in the Middle East                                   S/PV. 8423


as reflected in the adoption of resolution 2449 (2018),     Nations and its partners to continue their humanitarian
which, inter alia, has extended access to cross-border      assistance work despite the many challenges. We thank
assistance. In this regard, we acknowledge the efforts      Kuwait and Sweden for their work in that regard. Côte
of the delegations of Sweden and Kuwait to move the         d’Ivoire emphasizes the fact that all parties to the
draft resolution forward with a view to alleviating the     conflict have the obligation to respect international
suffering of the Syrian population.                         humanitarian law and human rights, including the
                                                            responsibility to protect civilians.
     However, we must bear in mind that only the
achievement of a political solution that lays the               In conclusion, my country remains convinced that
foundations for sustainable peace in Syria will make        only a lasting political solution will put an end to the
it possible to overcome the humanitarian disaster that      Syrian crisis. The intra-Syrian negotiations conducted
continues to affect its population. In this vein, we        under the auspices of the United Nations and the
wish, finally, to stress the importance of convening the    Astana and Sochi processes constitute the legitimate
constitutional committee before the end of this year,       frameworks to achieve that. In that regard, Côte d’Ivoire
with a view to making progress in the construction of       urges the warring parties to agree on the formation of
a political solution to the Syrian conflict, guided by      the constitutional committee, which is meant to draft a
resolution 2254 (2015) and the Geneva communiqué.           new constitution. That will be a decisive step towards
                                                            organizing transparent, inclusive and peaceful elections
     The President (spoke in French): I shall now make
                                                            with a view to restoring lasting peace and stability in
a statement in my capacity as the representative of Côte
                                                            Syria.
d’Ivoire.
                                                               I now resume my functions as President of the
    My delegation would like to congratulate Mr. Mark
                                                            Council.
Lowcock on his excellent briefing on the humanitarian
situation in the Syrian Arab Republic.                          I now give the floor to the representative of the
                                                            Syrian Arab Republic.
     Côte d’Ivoire remains particularly concerned about
the precarious humanitarian situation in the Syrian              Mr. Ja’afari (Syrian Arab Republic) (spoke in
Arab Republic, which has recently been aggravated           Arabic): The paradox that attracted my attention during
by the military escalation in the north-west of the         this meeting on the humanitarian situation in my
country, including in the demilitarized zone in the Idlib   country, Syria — throughout Syria, not only in part of
governorate, which was established in accordance with       it — is that some colleagues who spoke, in particular
the agreement signed by the Russian Federation and          the Permanent Representatives of Sweden, Kuwait,
Turkey on 17 September. This new military escalation,       the United States of America, Britain and France, had
following allegations of the use of chemical weapons        an extraordinarily narrow-minded view of resolution
in Aleppo by armed groups, is an impediment to the          2449 (2018) on renewing the so-called mechanism for
ongoing peace process and threatens the lives and well-     the delivery of cross-border aid. It was repeated at the
being of millions of civilians living in the region. My     beginning of all their statements. They wanted the
delegation would like to remind all stakeholders of their   extension of the mechanism only to transcend Syrian
responsibilities to ensure safe, prompt, unimpeded          sovereignty by continuing the cross-border aid. That is
and sustainable access for humanitarian assistance to       the crux of the issue. They disregarded the fact that such
persons in distress throughout the Syrian territory. In     operations – the so-called cross-border humanitarian
that regard, we welcome the arrival of a United Nations     aid – covers only 5 per cent of the assistance delivered
and Syrian Arab Red Crescent humanitarian convoy            to Syrians. Ninety-five per cent of humanitarian
at the Rukban displaced persons camp on 3 November          assistance is therefore delivered within the Syrian
after a 10-month interruption. That delivery provided       territory, not across the borders.
relief for the people seriously affected by weather, the
                                                                That is of course apart from the fact that the border
sanitary conditions and the lack of basic goods.
                                                            crossings with Turkey are used to smuggle weapons and
    My delegation voted in favour of renewing for one       terrorists, not to provide humanitarian aid. It is a long
year the mechanism for the delivery of cross-border         story that we have repeatedly mentioned. There are
humanitarian aid, which expires on 10 January 2019.         dozens of Turkish officers and judges in Turkish prisons
For the fourth consecutive year, that allows the United     because they revealed that the cross-border convoys


18-4375519/22

S/PV.8423                                 The situation in the Middle East                                   13/12/2018


were delivering weapons, not humanitarian assistance.        aggression and interference in the internal affairs of
Despite that fact, some are still doubtful after eight       States, while undermining the territorial integrity of
years of the terrorist war being waged against my            Member States. It is as if all that was not set out in the
country by a devilish global coalition, some members         Council’s resolutions but was written by Shakespeare
of which are present in the Council’s Chamber.               400 years ago.
     Today, we are considering the fifty-eighth report           Thirdly, there must be an immediate lifting of
of the Secretary-General on the humanitarian situation       the unilateral coercive measures imposed against the
in my country, Syria (S/2018/1104). As representatives       Syrian people by certain States, some of which are
know, the Security Council has adopted many                  members of the Council and present in the Chamber.
resolutions and held hundreds of formal and informal         Those measures have greatly harmed the livelihood of
meetings in that regard. I believe that, after all those     Syrians. My colleagues the Ambassador of the Russian
resolutions and meetings, it is high time for the Council    Federation and the Ambassador of Bolivia have
to ask the following question: is the purpose of those       thankfully mentioned that. Those ongoing measures,
reports, meetings and resolutions really to improve          which are described by some as sanctions, are not
the humanitarian situation in Syria or for some to put       sanctions because they were not imposed by the Security
political pressure on the Syrian Government and to use       Council. They are unilateral coercive measures that are
the suffering and pain of Syrians for cheap political        condemned by the so-called international community.
purposes? I would say that if the objective, as some         We have adopted many resolutions in the General
allege, is to improve the humanitarian situation in Syria,   Assembly in that regard. The continuation of those
what we need today is not to adopt new resolutions or        measures is the main obstacle to ensuring a response to
to hold spectacular meetings, but to do the following.       the basic needs of Syrians, supporting their livelihood
                                                             and providing the basic requirements for the return
    First, it is necessary to help the Syrian Government     of displaced Syrians and refugees to their homes and
to combat the remnants of the armed terrorist groups,        normal lives.
which were the main cause of the humanitarian crisis
and its escalation, including the displaced persons and           Fourthly, international humanitarian assistance
refugee crises. Anyone following the crisis and truly        must be stepped up to respond to the needs of the
wanting the well-being of Syrians would see that the         Syrians, especially given the current status of financing
humanitarian crisis is only in areas infiltrated by those    humanitarian assistance, which has yet to meet
armed terrorist groups, which harbour illegal foreign        expectations, as Mr. Lowcock stated earlier. Donors
troops.                                                      continue to hold their theatrical conferences and link
                                                             their financing to political conditions that run counter
    Damascus has 8 million inhabitants. We do not            to the principles of humanitarian work. They have
face any humanitarian problems there. There is no            refused to support the reconstruction of Syrian facilities
humanitarian crisis in Damascus, Aleppo, Homs or             that provide basic services in order to strengthen the
Hamah. They are all under the control of the State.          steadfastness of the Syrians and the return of refugees
The humanitarian crisis is prevalent only in areas           and internally displaced persons to their homes in
under the control of armed terrorist groups and foreign      dignity and safety. We listened today to our colleagues’
occupation. Members have talked about Al-Tanf and            statements on behalf of the United States, Britain and
Rukban. Who protects the terrorists from Da’esh in           France in which they clearly spoke about their political
those areas? Is it not the United States forces?             preconditions for reconstruction, the return of refugees
     Secondly, the Security Council must shoulder its        and ending their support for terrorism.
responsibility by taking serious and immediate steps             Fifthly, the politicization of the humanitarian
to stop the aggression, massacres and systematic             aspect in Syria must be brought to an end, including by
destruction of infrastructure in Syria carried out by the    stopping the spread of falsified information and statistics
illegal coalition led by the United States of America.       and ceasing to ignore facts, changes and developments
The Council must compel the countries of that illegal        on the ground. Of course, when we discuss that issue,
coalition to abide by the provisions of the Charter of       we have facts, statistics and evidence at our disposal to
the United Nations and the Council resolutions, which        substantiate what we say. Others make false statements
all underline the condemnation of such crimes of             by saying that only four or five humanitarian convoys


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have reached their destination during a particular            turning a blind eye to my country’s objective criticism of
month. That is untrue. I was in Damascus a few days           the resolution and its extension. That in no way negates
ago, and I visited the President of the Syrian Arab Red       its defects or implementation since the very first day of
Crescent. I asked him how many convoys had been sent          its adoption. I would like to briefly cite those defects in
since the beginning of this year to date. I point this out    the hope that they will not be committed later.
for Mr. Lowcock’s benefit. He provided me with the
                                                                  First, the hub for humanitarian assistance for
table I have before me, showing a total of 182 convoys,
                                                              the Syrian crisis is in Damascus — the capital of
all solely carried out exclusively by the Syrian Arab
                                                              Syria — and not, as the resolution attempts to convey,
Red Crescent. Some brief the Council with falsified
                                                              the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs
information to say that only four or 12 convoys were
                                                              (OCHA) in Gaziantep, Turkey, or any other place.
sent. When they send a convoy to Rukban or Al-Tanf
with our consent, they deliver it to the terrorists. It is         Secondly, receiving the consent of the Government
not delivered to the 50,000 civilians who are in dire         of Syria before humanitarian assistance crosses its
need of assistance. For Mr. Lowcock’s information, the        country’s borders is a guiding principle in accordance
convoy that went to Al-Tanf ended up in the hands of          with General Assembly resolution 46/182. We should
the terrorists, as he is well aware.                          not simply be informed, as stated in the Security
                                                              Council resolution, because such a move is similar to
    Extending the provisions of resolution 2165 (2014)
                                                              the consultation process conducted by the co-sponsors
does not correspond to the recent developments on
                                                              of resolution 2449 (2018), adopted today. They said that
the ground since its adoption on 14 July 2014. There
                                                              they had consulted us, which is correct. They did not,
is no longer any need for cross-border humanitarian
                                                              however, consider any of our observations. Is that what
assistance as we have regained control of all areas
                                                              consultations mean?
that were categorized as besieged or hard-to-reach. In
that regard, I would like to stress once again that the           Thirdly, the United Nations monitoring mechanism
Government of Syria is the most eager of all to provide       remains incapable to this very day of verifying the
every form of humanitarian assistance to its people           delivery of cross-border assistance and whether it
wherever they are throughout Syria. That is our duty          reaches those for whom it is intended. The majority of
and we are duly discharging it in cooperation with the        those operations take place across the Turkish-Syrian
Syrian Arab Red Crescent. The Government of Syria             border and are directed towards areas under the control
will remain committed to fulfilling that obligation.          of the armed terrorist groups that confiscate such aid
I also emphasize that my country stands ready to              and distribute it to their own members and families, as
cooperate and coordinate with the United Nations and its      happened in Al-Tanf. The mechanism has stood idly by
humanitarian partners under the guidelines governing          over the past four years rather than prevent the misuse
the coordination and enhancement of humanitarian              of those borders by neighbouring countries that have
work, which stress the need to respect the sovereignty        taken advantage of the situation, provided support to
and independence of host countries and the role of the        armed terrorist groups and smuggled whatever those
countries concerned in overseeing the distribution of         groups looted from factories, as well as antiquities and
humanitarian assistance within their territories, as well     petroleum products, back into their own territories.
as respect for the principles of impartiality, integrity
                                                                  Fourthly, the effectiveness of cross-border
and non-politicization.
                                                              assistance was and remains limited when compared to
     There is a State in Syria. It is a State that deserves   the assistance distributed from within the Syrian Arab
the respect of all and the implementation of the relevant     Republic, as I previously mentioned.
Security Council resolutions and the provisions of the
                                                                  Fifthly, senior OCHA staff members have not
Charter and international law. That is the main issue.
                                                              upheld the principles of transparency or provided the
However, when certain representatives refer in their
                                                              necessary guarantees to convince the international
statements to a “regime” or use other, similar terms
                                                              community that the cross-border assistance would reach
indiscriminately, such speech is not fitting of the
                                                              those for whom it is intended and not the armed groups.
Council or those addressing it.
                                                              To this very day, those senior OCHA staff members
    Some Council members insist on extending the              have not been able to provide an adequate explanation
provisions of resolution 2165 (2014), while deliberately      regarding the so-called partners or independent


18-4375521/22

S/PV.8423                                  The situation in the Middle East                                  13/12/2018


companies — third parties — that were contracted to                My Government is more determined today than ever
verify the delivery of assistance to warehouses and           to fight the remaining armed terrorist groups in Idlib
beneficiaries despite our repeated requests.                  and elsewhere. We are firm in exercising our legal right
     Sixthly, Hayat Tahrir Al-Sham, which has been            for self-defence and expelling all foreign occupying
listed as a terrorist group by the Security Council,          forces that have entered our territories illegally. My
levies taxes on assistance delivered from across the          colleague the representative of the United States of
borders, especially the Bab Al-Hawa border crossing           America brazenly stated today that his country has
between Turkey and Syria. That is considered to be            spent $8 billion towards financing terrorism in Syria,
direct financing of terrorism, in violation of the relevant   which he labelled as humanitarian assistance. Those
Security Council resolutions, in particular resolutions
                                                              $8 billion were in fact for financing terrorism.
2178 (2014), 2253 (2015) and 2396 (2017). That is exactly
what Qatar did when it disbursed millions of dollars to            We will continue to reconstruct the areas destroyed
Da’esh and the Al-Nusra Front in the occupied Golan           by terrorists in order to restore normality to everyday
Heights under the pretext of paying ransom to free the        life and allow our people to enjoy the lives that they
hostages taken by those terrorist groups, which is once       had built before the war was imposed on them by the
again a clear violation of the relevant Security Council
                                                              terrorists. That will enable Syrian citizens to return to
resolutions, especially resolution 2368 (2017).
                                                              their homeland after they left it because of terrorism
     In conclusion, the Government, the people and the        and the unilateral coercive economic measures that
army of my country know very well who is our enemy            targeted their livelihoods.
and who is our friend. We know very well that our fight
against terrorism is a war imposed on us by the sponsors          The success of the sponsors of terrorism,
of terrorism to drain our energies in order to advance        destruction and the assassins of international law in
their unjust plans in the region, foremost among which        certain places does not in any way mean that their
is eliminating the Palestinian question and drowning          plan will succeed in our country. We vow to foil their
the people of the region in bloody obscurantism, fuelled      schemes and conspiracies.
by extremist Wahhabi ideology, ignorance and agendas
of destruction.                                                   The meeting rose at 6 p.m.




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Voting Summary
Yes: 013 | No: 000 | Abstentions: 002 | Non-Voting: 000 | Total voting membership: 015
Y BOLIVIA (PLURINATIONAL STATE OF)
A CHINA
Y CÔTE D'IVOIRE
Y EQUATORIAL GUINEA
Y ETHIOPIA
Y FRANCE
Y KAZAKHSTAN
Y KUWAIT
Y NETHERLANDS
Y PERU
Y POLAND
A RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Y SWEDEN
Y UNITED KINGDOM
Y UNITED STATES