Security Council resolution 942 (1994) [on reinforcement and extension of measures imposed by the Security Council resolutions with regard to those areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control of Bosnian Serb forces, to assist the parties to give effect to the proposed territorial settlement in Bosnia and Herzegovina]
Symbol: S/RES/942(1994)
Date: 1994-09-23
Meeting record: S/PV.3428
Subjects: UN. Security Council Committee Established pursuant to Resolution 724 (1991) concerning Yugoslavia|UN Protection Force|International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia|European Community Monitoring Mission|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|SERBS|SANCTIONS|ECONOMIC RELATIONS|FOOD SUPPLY|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|FINANCIAL SERVICES|TELECOMMUNICATIONS|POSTAL SERVICES|LEGAL SERVICES|INLAND WATER TRANSPORT|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|SPECIAL MISSIONS|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SITUATION|PROPERTY|FROZEN ASSETS|PAYMENTS ARRANGEMENTS|MEDICAL SUPPLIES
Notes: Approves the territorial settlement for the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina that was put to the Bosnian parties, and calls upon States to desist from political talks with the Bosnian Serb party as long as the party has not accepted the proposed territorial settlement; imposes sanctions against the Bosnian Serbs.
Summary: Condemns the Bosnian Serbs party for their refusal to accept the proposed territorial settlement; requires all parties to continue to observe the ceasefire of 8 juin 1994; resolves to reinforce and extend the measures imposed by its previous resolutions with regard to those areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control of Bosnian Serb forces; calls upon States to desist from any political talks with the leadership of the Bosnian Serb party as long as that party has not accepted the proposed settlement in full; decides that States shall prevent economic activities carried on, after the date of adoption of the resolution, within their territories, by any person or entity in those areas of Bosnia Herzegovina under the control of Bosnian Serb forces; provided that States may authorize such activities to be carried on within their territories, having satisfied themselves that the activities do not result in the transfer of property or interests in property to any person or entity in the areas of Bosnia Herzegovina under the control of Bosnian Serb forces.

UNITED
NATIONS                                                                       S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/942 (1994)
                                                               23 September 1994




                               RESOLUTION 942 (1994)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3428th meeting,
                                on 23 September 1994


     The Security Council,

     Recalling all its earlier relevant resolutions,

     Affirming its commitment to a negotiated settlement of the conflict in the
former Yugoslavia, preserving the territorial integrity of all the States there
within their internationally recognized borders,

     Expressing appreciation for the efforts undertaken by the representatives
of the United Nations, the European Union, the United States of America and the
Russian Federation to assist the parties in reaching a settlement,

     Reaffirming the need for a lasting peace settlement to be signed by all the
Bosnian parties, and implemented in good faith by them, and condemning the
decision by the Bosnian Serb party to refuse to accept the proposed territorial
settlement (S/1994/1081),

     Viewing the measures imposed by the present resolution and by its previous
relevant resolutions as a means towards the end of producing a negotiated
settlement to the conflict,

     Expressing its support for the continuing efforts of Member States, in
particular States in the region, to implement its relevant resolutions,

     Determining that the situation in the former Yugoslavia continues to
constitute a threat to international peace and security,

     Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

                                         A

     1.   Expresses its approval of the proposed territorial settlement for the
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina which has been put to the Bosnian parties as
part of an overall peace settlement;


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     2.   Expresses its satisfaction that the proposed territorial settlement
has now been accepted in full by all except the Bosnian Serb party;

     3.   Strongly condemns the Bosnian Serb party for their refusal to accept
the proposed territorial settlement, and demands that that party accept this
settlement unconditionally and in full;

     4.   Requires all parties to continue to observe the cease-fire as agreed
on 8 June 1994 and to refrain from all new acts of hostility;

     5.   Declares its readiness to take all measures necessary to assist the
parties to give effect to the proposed settlement once it has been accepted by
all parties, and in this connection encourages States, acting nationally or
through regional agencies or arrangements, to cooperate in an effective manner
with the Secretary-General in his efforts to aid the parties to implement the
proposed settlement;

                                         B

     Resolved to reinforce and extend the measures imposed by its previous
resolutions with regard to those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
under the control of Bosnian Serb forces,

     6.   Calls upon States to desist from any political talks with the
leadership of the Bosnian Serb party as long as that party has not accepted the
proposed settlement in full;

     7.    Decides that States shall prevent

     (i)   economic activities carried on, after the date of adoption of this
           resolution, within their territories by any entity, wherever
           incorporated or constituted, which is owned or controlled, directly or
           indirectly, by:

           (a)   any person in, or resident in, or any entity, including any
                 commercial, industrial or public utility undertaking, in those
                 areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control
                 of Bosnian Serb forces, or

           (b)   any entity incorporated in or constituted under the law of those
                 areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control
                 of Bosnian Serb forces, as well as

    (ii)   economic activities carried on, after the date of adoption of this
           resolution, within their territories, by any person or entity,
           including those identified by States for the purpose of this
           resolution, found to be acting for or on behalf of and to the benefit
           of any entity, including any commercial, industrial or public utility
           undertaking in those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
           under the control of Bosnian Serb forces, or any entity identified in
           subparagraph (i) above;


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                                                                   Page 3




provided

     (a) that States may authorize such activities to be carried on within
their territories, having satisfied themselves on a case-by-case basis that the
activities do not result in the transfer of property or interests in property to
any person or entity described in subparagraph (i) (a) or (b) above, and

     (b) that nothing in this paragraph shall prevent the provision of supplies
intended strictly for medical purposes and foodstuffs notified to the Committee
established by resolution 724 (1991), or commodities and products for essential
humanitarian needs approved by the Committee;

     8.   Decides that States shall revoke existing, and issue no further,
authorization under paragraph 7 above in respect of any person or entity
violating the measures imposed by this resolution or violating the measures
imposed by earlier relevant resolutions, where those violations have occurred
after the date of adoption of this resolution;

     9.   Decides that States shall consider the term "economic activities" used
in paragraph 7 above to mean

     (a) all activities of an economic nature, including commercial, financial
and industrial activities and transactions, in particular all activities of an
economic nature involving the use of or dealing in, with or in connection with
property or interests in property,

       (b)   the exercise of rights relating to property or interests in property,
and

     (c) the establishment of any new entity or change in management of an
existing entity;

     10. Decides that States shall consider the term "property or interests in
property" used in paragraphs 7 and 9 above to mean funds, financial, tangible
and intangible assets, property rights, and publicly and privately traded
securities and debt instruments, and any other financial and economic resources;

     11. Decides that States in which there are funds or other financial assets
or resources of

       (i)   any entity, including any commercial, industrial or public utility
             undertaking in those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
             under the control of Bosnian Serb forces, or

      (ii)   any entity identified in paragraph 7 (i) above or any person or entity
             identified in paragraph 7 (ii) above,

shall require all persons and entities within their territories holding such
funds or other financial assets or resources to freeze them to ensure that
neither they nor any other funds or any other financial assets or resources are
made available directly or indirectly to or for the benefit of any of the abovementioned persons or entities,

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S/RES/942 (1994)
Page 4




except

     (a) payments made in connection with activities authorized in accordance
with paragraph 7 above, or

     (b) payments made in connection with transactions authorized by the
Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina with regard to persons or
entities within its territory,

provided that States are satisfied that payments to persons outside their
territories will be used for the purpose or in connection with the activities
and transactions for which permission is sought; and that in the case of
payments made under exception (a) above, States may authorize such payments only
after they are satisfied on a case-by-case basis that the payments do not result
in the transfer of funds or other financial assets or resources to any person or
entity described in subparagraph (a) or (b) of paragraph 7 (i) above;

     12. Decides that States shall ensure that all payments of dividends,
interest or other income on shares, interest, bonds or debt obligations or
amounts derived from an interest in, or the sale or other disposal of, or any
other dealing with, tangible and intangible assets and property rights, accruing
to

     (i)   any entity, including any commercial, industrial or public utility
           undertaking in those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
           under the control of Bosnian Serb forces, or

    (ii)   any entity identified in paragraph 7 (i) or any person or entity
           identified in paragraph 7 (ii) above,

are made only into frozen accounts;

     13. Decides that the provision of services, both financial and
non-financial, to any person or body for the purposes of any business carried on
in those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control of
Bosnian Serb forces shall be prohibited, the only exceptions being
(a) telecommunications, postal services and legal services consistent with this
resolution and earlier relevant resolutions, (b) services whose supply may be
necessary for humanitarian or other exceptional purposes, as approved on a caseby-case basis by the Committee established by resolution 724 (1991), and
(c) services authorized by the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina;

     14.   Decides that States shall prevent the entry into their territories of:

     (a) the members of the authorities, including legislative authorities, in
those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control of
Bosnian Serb forces and officers of the Bosnian Serb military and paramilitary
forces, and those acting on behalf of such authorities or forces;




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                                                                Page 5




     (b) persons found, after the adoption of the present resolution, to have
provided financial, material, logistical, military or other tangible support to
Bosnian Serb forces in violation of relevant resolutions of the Council;

     (c) persons in or resident in those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina under the control of Bosnian Serb forces found to have violated or
contributed to the violation of the measures set out in resolution 820 (1993)
and in the present resolution;

     and requests that the Committee established by resolution 724 (1991)
establish and maintain an updated list, based on information provided by States
and competent regional organizations, of the persons falling within this
paragraph;

     provided that nothing in this paragraph shall oblige a State to refuse
entry into its territory to its own nationals; and provided that the entry of a
person included in the list into a particular State on a specified date may be
authorized, for purposes consistent with the pursuit of the peace process and
with the present resolution and earlier relevant resolutions, by the Committee
or, in the event of disagreement in the Committee, by the Council;

     15. Decides to prohibit all commercial riverine traffic from entering
ports of those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control
of Bosnian Serb forces except when authorized on a case-by-case basis by the
Committee established by resolution 724 (1991), or by the Government of the
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina for its territory, or in case of
force majeure;

     16. Decides that States shall require that all shipments of commodities
and products destined for those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
under the control of Bosnian Serb forces be properly manifested and either be
physically inspected by the Sanctions Assistance Missions or the competent
national authorities at loading to verify and seal their contents or be laden in
a manner which permits adequate physical verification of the contents;

     17. Decides that States shall, in notifying or submitting applications to
the Committee established by resolution 724 (1991) in respect of supplies
intended strictly for medical purposes and foodstuffs and essential humanitarian
supplies in respect of those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
under the control of Bosnian Serb forces, report for information purposes to the
Committee on the source of funds from which payment is to be made;

     18. Decides that States shall, in implementing the measures imposed by
this resolution, take steps to prevent the diversion of benefits to those areas
of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control of Bosnian Serb
forces from other places, and in particular from the United Nations Protected
Areas in Croatia;

     19. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the necessary assistance to
the Committee established by resolution 724 (1991) and to make the necessary
arrangements in the Secretariat for that purpose;


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S/RES/942 (1994)
Page 6




     20. Decides that the provisions set forth in this resolution do not apply
to activities related to the United Nations Protection Force, the International
Conference on the Former Yugoslavia or the European Community Monitoring
Missions;

     21. Decides to review the measures imposed by this resolution whenever
appropriate and in any event every four months from the date of adoption of this
resolution; and expresses its readiness to reconsider those measures if the
Bosnian Serb party accepts the proposed territorial settlement unconditionally
and in full;

     22. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter and to consider
immediately, whenever necessary, further steps to achieve a peaceful solution in
conformity with relevant resolutions of the Council.


                                     -----

Texto español (official Spanish version): NACIONES
UNIDAS
                                                                              S
                  Consejo de Seguridad
                                                        Distr.
                                                        GENERAL

                                                        S/RES/942 (1994)
                                                        23 de septiembre de 1994




                                RESOLUCIÓN 942 (1994)

               Aprobado por el Consejo de Seguridad en su 3428ª sesión,
                        celebrada el 23 de septiembre de 1994


    El Consejo de Seguridad,

     Recordando todas sus resoluciones anteriores sobre la cuestión,

     Afirmando su empeño en lograr un arreglo negociado del conflicto en la
ex Yugoslavia que preserve la integridad territorial de todos los Estados que la
integraban dentro de sus fronteras internacionalmente reconocidas,

     Expresando su reconocimiento por las gestiones realizadas por los
representantes de las Naciones Unidas, la Unión Europea, los Estados Unidos de
América y la Federación de Rusia para ayudar a las partes a llegar a un acuerdo,

     Reafirmando la necesidad de que todas las partes en Bosnia firmen un
acuerdo de paz duradero y lo cumplan de buena fe, y condenando la decisión de
los serbios de Bosnia de negarse a aceptar el arreglo territorial propuesto
(S/1994/1081),

     Considerando que las medidas impuestas por la presente resolución y sus
resoluciones anteriores sobre la cuestión constituyen un medio de alcanzar el
objetivo de llegar a un arreglo negociado del conflicto,

     Expresando su apoyo a los Estados Miembros, en particular a los Estados de
la región, que siguen tratando de llevar a la práctica las resoluciones del
Consejo sobre la cuestión,

     Determinando que la situación en la ex Yugoslavia sigue constituyendo una
amenaza para la paz y la seguridad internacionales,

     Actuando con arreglo al Capítulo VII de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas,


                                          A

     1.   Expresa su aprobación de la propuesta de arreglo territorial para la
República de Bosnia y Herzegovina que ha sido presentada a las partes en Bosnia
como parte de un arreglo general de paz;


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     2.   Expresa su satisfacción por el hecho de que el arreglo territorial
propuesto haya sido aceptado plenamente por todas las partes, salvo los serbios
de Bosnia;

     3.   Condena enérgicamente a los serbios de Bosnia por negarse a aceptar el
arreglo territorial propuesto y les exige que lo acepten íntegra e
incondicionalmente;

     4.   Exige que todas las partes sigan cumpliendo la cesación del fuego
convenida el 8 de junio de 1994 y se abstengan de nuevos actos de hostilidad;

     5.   Declara que está dispuesto a tomar todas las medidas necesarias para
ayudar a las partes a poner en práctica el arreglo propuesto una vez que todas
lo hayan aceptado y, en este contexto, alienta a los Estados a que, actuando en
el plano nacional o por conducto de organismos o acuerdos regionales, cooperen
en forma efectiva con el Secretario General en sus gestiones encaminadas a
ayudar a las partes a llevar a la práctica el arreglo propuesto;


                                        B

     Decidido a consolidar y ampliar las medidas impuestas en sus resoluciones
anteriores con respecto a las zonas de la República de Bosnia y Herzegovina que
se encuentren en poder de fuerzas serbias de Bosnia,

     6.   Insta a los Estados a que desistan de celebrar negociaciones políticas
con los dirigentes de los serbios de Bosnia hasta tanto éstos no hayan aceptado
íntegramente el arreglo propuesto;

     7.   Decide que los Estados impedirán

    i)    que realice actividades económicas en su territorio, a partir de la
          fecha de aprobación de la presente resolución, cualquier entidad,
          dondequiera que se haya constituido en sociedad o formado, que directa
          o indirectamente sea de propiedad o esté sujeta al control de:

               a) cualquier persona o entidad, incluidas las empresas
          comerciales, industriales o de servicios públicos, que se encuentre o
          resida en las zonas de la República de Bosnia y Herzegovina que estén
          en poder de las fuerzas serbias de Bosnia, o

               b) cualquier entidad constituida en sociedad o formada con
          arreglo a la legislación de las zonas de la República de Bosnia y
          Herzegovina que se encuentran en poder de las fuerzas serbias de
          Bosnia, así como

   ii)    que realice actividades económicas en su territorio, a partir de la
          fecha de aprobación de la presente resolución, cualquier persona o
          entidad, incluidas las que los Estados identifiquen a los efectos de
          la presente resolución, respecto de la cual se determine que está
          actuando en representación, en nombre o en beneficio de cualquier
          entidad, incluidas las empresas comerciales, industriales o de



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         servicios públicos de las zonas de la República de Bosnia y
         Herzegovina que se encuentren en poder de las fuerzas serbias de
         Bosnia, o cualquier entidad indicada en el inciso i) supra;

en la inteligencia de que

     a)   los Estados podrán autorizar que se realicen en sus territorios
actividades de esa índole tras haberse cerciorado en cada caso concreto de que
como consecuencia de ellas no se han de transferir bienes o intereses respecto
de bienes a ninguna de las personas o entidades indicadas en el inciso i) a)
o b) supra, y de que

     b)   nada de lo dispuesto en el presente párrafo obstará al suministro de
alimentos o de artículos destinados estrictamente a usos médicos que hayan sido
notificados al Comité establecido en virtud de la resolución 724 (1991), ni de
artículos o productos destinados a subvenir necesidades humanitarias esenciales
que haya aprobado el Comité;

     8.   Decide que los Estados revoquen las autorizaciones emitidas en
relación con el párrafo 7 supra y no emitan nuevas autorizaciones en favor de la
persona o entidad que transgreda las medidas impuestas en la presente resolución
o en resoluciones anteriores sobre la materia cuando la transgresión haya tenido
lugar después de la fecha de aprobación de la presente resolución;

     9.   Decide que los Estados consideren que el término actividades
económicas, empleado en el párrafo 7 de la presente resolución, denota

     a)   todas las actividades de índole económica, incluidas las actividades y
transacciones comerciales, financieras e industriales y, en particular, todas
las actividades de índole económica que entrañen la utilización de bienes o
transacciones que se refieran directa o indirectamente a bienes o a intereses
respecto de bienes,

     b)   el ejercicio de derechos relativos a bienes o intereses respecto de
bienes, y

     c)   el establecimiento de una entidad nueva o un cambio en la
administración de una entidad existente;

    10.   Decide que los Estados consideren que los términos bienes o intereses
respecto de bienes, empleados en los párrafos 7 y 9 de la presente resolución,
denotan fondos, activos financieros, activos tangibles e intangibles, derechos
de propiedad, títulos de valores o títulos de deuda que se transen en el mercado
público o privado y cualesquiera otros recursos financieros y económicos;

    11.   Decide que los Estados en que se encuentren fondos u otros activos o
recursos financieros de

    i)   cualquier entidad, incluidas las empresas comerciales, industriales o
         de servicios públicos de las zonas de la República de Bosnia y
         Herzegovina que se encuentren en poder de fuerzas serbias de Bosnia, o




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   ii)   cualesquiera de las entidades indicadas en el párrafo 7 i) o
         cualesquiera de las personas o entidades indicadas en el párrafo 7 ii)
         supra,

exigirán que todas las personas y entidades que se encuentren dentro de su
territorio y tengan en su poder esos fondos u otros recursos o activos
financieros los congelen a fin de que ellos ni cualesquiera otros fondos,
activos o recursos financieros queden directa o indirectamente a disposición de
las personas o entidades antes mencionadas o se puedan utilizar en beneficio de
ellas,

salvo

     a)   los pagos efectuados en relación con actividades autorizadas de
conformidad con el párrafo 7 de la presente resolución, o

     b)   los pagos efectuados en relación con transacciones autorizadas por el
Gobierno de la República de Bosnia y Herzegovina que correspondan a personas o
entidades que se encuentren en su territorio,

en la inteligencia de que los Estados se han de cerciorar de que los pagos
efectuados a personas que se encuentren fuera de su territorio serán utilizados
para las actividades o transacciones respecto de las cuales se recaba la
autorización o en relación con ellas y de que, en el caso de los pagos
efectuados con arreglo a la excepción que figura en el apartado a) supra, los
Estados únicamente podrán autorizarlos después de cerciorarse en cada caso
concreto de que no tengan como consecuencia el traspaso de fondos u otros
activos o recursos financieros a ninguna de las personas o entidades indicadas
en los apartados a) o b) del párrafo 7 i) supra;

     12. Decide que los Estados se aseguren de que únicamente se depositen en
cuentas congeladas todos los pagos por concepto de dividendos, intereses u otros
ingresos devengados por acciones, intereses, títulos de valores o de deuda o
todas las sumas dimanadas de intereses en activos tangibles o intangibles o
derechos de propiedad o de la venta, enajenación o cualquier otra transacción
relacionada con activos tangibles o intangibles o derechos de propiedad que
hayan de hacerse o que correspondan a

    i)   cualquier entidad, incluidas las empresas comerciales, industriales o
         de servicios públicos, de las zonas de la República de Bosnia y
         Herzegovina que se encuentren en poder de fuerzas serbias de Bosnia, o

   ii)   cualquiera de las entidades indicadas en el párrafo 7 i) o de las
         personas o entidades indicadas en el párrafo 7 ii) supra;

     13. Decide prohibir que se presten servicios, tanto financieros como de
otra índole, a cualquier persona o entidad a los efectos de transacciones
realizadas en las zonas de la República de Bosnia y Herzegovina que se
encuentren en poder de fuerzas serbias de Bosnia, con las únicas excepciones
de a) los servicios de telecomunicaciones, postales y jurídicos que sean
compatibles con la presente resolución y las resoluciones anteriores en la
materia, b) los servicios cuya prestación sea necesaria para fines humanitarios



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u otros fines excepcionales y que el Comité establecido en virtud de la
resolución 724 (1991) apruebe en cada caso concreto y c) los servicios que
autorice el Gobierno de la República de Bosnia y Herzegovina;

    14.   Decide que los Estados impedirán que ingresen en su territorio:

     a)   miembros de las autoridades, incluidas las legislativas, de las zonas
de la República de Bosnia y Herzegovina que se encuentren en poder de fuerzas
serbias de Bosnia y los oficiales de las fuerzas militares y paramilitares
serbias de Bosnia, así como quienes actúen en representación de esas autoridades
o fuerzas;

     b)   personas respecto de las cuales se haya determinado una vez aprobada
la presente resolución que han proporcionado apoyo financiero, material,
logístico, militar u otro apoyo tangible a fuerzas serbias de Bosnia en
transgresión de las resoluciones del Consejo en la materia;

     c)   personas que se encuentren o residan en las zonas de la República de
Bosnia y Herzegovina que se encuentren en poder de fuerzas serbias de Bosnia y
respecto de las cuales se haya determinado que han transgredido o contribuido a
la transgresión de las medidas enunciadas en la resolución 820 (1993) o en la
presente resolución;

     y pide al Comité establecido en virtud de la resolución 724 (1991) que
prepare y mantenga una lista actualizada, sobre la base de la información que
suministren Estados y organizaciones regionales competentes, de las personas
comprendidas en lo dispuesto en el presente párrafo;

     en la inteligencia de que nada de lo dispuesto en el presente párrafo
obligará a un Estado a denegar el ingreso en su territorio de sus propios
nacionales y de que el Comité o, de no haber acuerdo en él, el Consejo podrá
autorizar el ingreso en un determinado Estado y una determinada fecha de una
persona incluida en la lista para fines compatibles con la consecución del
proceso de paz y con la presente resolución y las resoluciones anteriores en la
materia;

     15. Decide prohibir que el tráfico fluvial comercial de toda índole entre
en puertos de las zonas de la República de Bosnia y Herzegovina que se
encuentren en poder de fuerzas serbias de Bosnia, salvo en caso de fuerza mayor
o que el Comité establecido en virtud de la resolución 724 (1991) lo autorice en
cada caso concreto o el Gobierno de la República de Bosnia y Herzegovina lo
autorice en su territorio;

     16. Decide que los Estados exigirán que todos los envíos de productos y
artículos destinados a las zonas de la República de Bosnia y Herzegovina que se
encuentren en poder de fuerzas serbias de Bosnia porten el manifiesto
correspondiente y sean objeto de una inspección física por las misiones de
asistencia para la aplicación de las sanciones o por las autoridades nacionales
competentes al momento de la carga a fin de verificar y precintar su contenido o
sean cargados de manera tal que sea posible proceder a una verificación física
adecuada del contenido;




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     17. Decide que los Estados, al hacer notificaciones o presentar
solicitudes al Comité establecido en virtud de la resolución 724 (1991)
correspondientes a suministros destinados exclusivamente a uso médico, alimentos
y suministros esenciales de carácter humanitario respecto de las zonas de la
República de Bosnia y Herzegovina que se encuentren en poder de fuerzas serbias
de Bosnia, le comuniquen, a título informativo, la fuente de los fondos con los
cuales ha de hacerse el pago;

     18. Decide que los Estados, al llevar a la práctica las medidas impuestas
por esta resolución, adopten disposiciones para evitar que se desvíen beneficios
de otras partes, y en particular, de las zonas protegidas por las Naciones
Unidas en Croacia a las zonas de la República de Bosnia y Herzegovina que se
encuentren en poder de fuerzas serbias de Bosnia;

     19. Pide al Secretario General que proporcione la asistencia necesaria al
Comité establecido en virtud de la resolución 724 (1991) y que, a esos fines,
efectúe los arreglos que se precisen en la Secretaría;

     20. Decide que las disposiciones de la presente resolución no serán
aplicables a las actividades relacionadas con la Fuerza de Protección de las
Naciones Unidas (UNPROFOR), la Conferencia Internacional sobre la ex Yugoslavia
o las misiones de observación de la Comunidad Europea;

     21. Decide revisar las medidas impuestas en virtud de la presente
resolución cuando sea procedente y, en todo caso, cada cuatro meses a partir de
la fecha de aprobación de la presente resolución, y manifiesta que está
dispuesto a reconsiderar esas medidas si los serbios de Bosnia aceptan íntegra e
incondicionalmente el arreglo territorial propuesto;

     22. Decide seguir ocupándose activamente de la cuestión y considerar de
inmediato, cuando quiera que sea necesario, la adopción de nuevas medidas a fin
de llegar a una solución pacífica de conformidad con sus resoluciones en la
materia.


                                     -----

Texte français (official French version): NATIONS
UNIES                                                                          S
             Conseil de sécurité
                                                              Distr.
                                                              GÉNÉRALE

                                                              S/RES/942 (1994)
                                                              23 septembre 1994




                               RÉSOLUTION 942 (1994)

             Adoptée par le Conseil de sécurité à sa 3428e séance,
                             le 23 septembre 1994

     Le Conseil de sécurité,

     Rappelant toutes ses résolutions pertinentes antérieures,

     Affirmant son engagement en faveur d’un règlement négocié du conflit dans
l’ex-Yougoslavie, qui préserve l’intégrité territoriale de tous les États
concernés à l’intérieur de leurs frontières internationalement reconnues,

     Exprimant sa gratitude aux représentants de l’Organisation des
Nations Unies, de l’Union européenne, des États-Unis d’Amérique et de la
Fédération de Russie pour les efforts qu’ils déploient afin d’aider les parties
à parvenir à un règlement,

     Réaffirmant qu’il est impératif que toutes les parties bosniaques signent
et appliquent de bonne foi un accord de paix durable, et condamnant la décision
prise par la partie des Serbes de Bosnie de rejeter le règlement territorial
proposé (S/1994/1081),

     Considérant que les mesures imposées par la présente résolution et ses
résolutions antérieures sur la question ont pour fin le règlement négocié du
conflit,

     Exprimant son soutien aux efforts que des États Membres, en particulier des
États de la région, continuent de déployer pour appliquer ses résolutions
pertinentes,

     Constatant que la situation dans l’ex-Yougoslavie continue de menacer la
paix et la sécurité internationales,

     Agissant en vertu du Chapitre VII de la Charte des Nations Unies,

                                        A

     1.   Approuve le règlement territorial proposé pour la République de
Bosnie-Herzégovine qui a été présenté aux parties bosniaques dans le cadre d’un
accord de paix global;

94-37273   (F)                                                                 /...

S/RES/942 (1994)
Page 2



     2.   Se déclare satisfait que le règlement territorial proposé ait
maintenant été accepté dans son intégralité par toutes les parties, sauf celle
des Serbes de Bosnie;

     3.   Condamne énergiquement la partie des Serbes de Bosnie pour son refus
d’accepter le règlement territorial proposé, et exige qu’elle accepte ce
règlement inconditionnellement et dans son intégralité;

     4.   Demande à toutes les parties de continuer d’observer l’accord de
cessez-le-feu convenu le 8 juin 1994 et de s’abstenir de toutes nouvelles
hostilités;

     5.   Se déclare prêt à prendre toutes les mesures nécessaires pour aider
les parties à mettre en oeuvre le règlement proposé une fois que celles-ci
l’auront toutes accepté et, à cet égard, encourage les États, agissant à titre
national ou dans le cadre d’organisations ou d’arrangements régionaux, à
coopérer efficacement avec le Secrétaire général dans l’action qu’il mène pour
aider les parties à mettre en oeuvre le règlement proposé;

                                       B

     Résolu à renforcer et à étendre les mesures imposées par ses résolutions
antérieures en ce qui concerne les zones de la République de Bosnie-Herzégovine
tenues par les forces des Serbes de Bosnie,

     6.   Demande aux États de ne pas avoir d’entretiens politiques avec les
autorités de la partie des Serbes de Bosnie tant que celle-ci n’aura pas accepté
dans son intégralité le règlement proposé;

     7.   Décide que les États devront interdire

     i)   Les activités économiques menées sur leur territoire après la date
          d’adoption de la présente résolution, par toute entité, de quelque
          droit qu’elle relève, possédée ou contrôlée, directement ou
          indirectement, par :

          a)   Toute personne se trouvant ou résidant dans les zones de la
               République de Bosnie-Herzégovine tenues par les forces serbes de
               Bosnie ou toute entité, y compris toute entreprise commerciale,
               industrielle ou de service public se trouvant dans ces zones, ou

          b)   Toute entité relevant du droit applicable dans les zones de la
               République de Bosnie-Herzégovine tenues par les forces serbes de
               Bosnie, ainsi que

    ii)   Les activités économiques menées sur leur territoire, après la date
          d’adoption de la présente résolution, par toutes personnes ou entités,
          y compris celles identifiées par les États aux fins de la présente
          résolution, dont il est avéré qu’elles agissent au nom ou pour le
          compte et au profit de toute entité, y compris toute entreprise
          commerciale, industrielle ou de service public, dans les zones de la



                                                                               /...

                                                                S/RES/942 (1994)
                                                                Page 3



          République de Bosnie-Herzégovine tenues par les forces serbes de
          Bosnie, ou de toute entité comptant parmi celles visées à l’alinéa i)
          ci-dessus;

étant entendu toutefois

     a)   Que les États pourront autoriser de telles activités sur leur
territoire après s’être assurés au cas par cas que celles-ci n’aboutiront pas au
transfert d’avoirs ou d’intérêts dans des avoirs à une autorité, personne ou
entité comptant parmi celles visées aux alinéas i) a) ou b) ci-dessus, et

     b)   Que le présent paragraphe n’interdira en aucune façon la fourniture
d’articles à usage strictement médical et de denrées alimentaires, notifiée au
Comité créé par la résolution 724 (1991), ou celle de marchandises et produits
destinés à répondre à des besoins humanitaires essentiels, approuvée par le
Comité;

     8.   Décide que les États annuleront toute autorisation déjà donnée
conformément au paragraphe 7 ci-dessus, et refuseront toute nouvelle
autorisation, dans le cas de toute personne ou entité qui, après la date de
l’adoption de la présente résolution, enfreindrait les mesures imposées par la
présente résolution ou celles imposées par des résolutions antérieures
pertinentes;

     9.   Décide que les États interpréteront l’expression "activités
économiques" figurant au paragraphe 7 ci-dessus comme s’entendant

     a)   De toutes les activités de nature économique, y compris les activités
et opérations commerciales, financières et industrielles, et en particulier
toutes les activités de nature économique impliquant toute forme de transaction
concernant des avoirs ou des intérêts dans des avoirs ou l’utilisation de ces
derniers,

     b)   De l’exercice de droits relatifs à des avoirs ou des intérêts dans des
avoirs, et

     c)   De la création de toute nouvelle entité ou de la modification de la
direction d’une entité existante;

    10.   Décide que les États interpréteront l’expression "avoirs ou intérêts
dans des avoirs" utilisée aux paragraphes 7 et 9 ci-dessus comme s’entendant de
fonds, d’actifs financiers, corporels et incorporels, de droits de propriété, et
de titres et créances faisant l’objet de transactions publiques ou privées, et
de toute autre ressource financière ou économique;

    11.   Décide que les États sur le territoire desquels se trouvent des fonds
ou d’autres actifs financiers ou ressources financières

     i)   De toute entité, y compris toute entreprise commerciale, industrielle
          ou de service public, dans des secteurs de la République de
          Bosnie-Herzégovine tenues par les forces des Serbes de Bosnie, ou



                                                                            /...

S/RES/942 (1994)
Page 4



    ii)   De toute entité visée au paragraphe 7 i) ou de toute personne ou
          entité visée au paragraphe 7 ii) ci-dessus,

devront exiger de toutes les personnes et entités se trouvant sur leur
territoire qui détiendront de tels fonds ou autres actifs financiers ou
ressources financières qu’elles les gèlent de façon qu’ils ne puissent, pas plus
que tous autres fonds ou tous autres actifs financiers ou ressources
financières, être mis, directement ou indirectement, à la disposition des
personnes ou entités susmentionnées ou utilisés à leur profit,

à l’exception

     a)   Des paiements effectués en liaison avec des activités autorisées
conformément au paragraphe 7 ci-dessus, ou

     b)   Des paiements effectués en liaison avec des opérations autorisées par
le Gouvernement de la République de Bosnie-Herzégovine pour ce qui est des
personnes ou entités se trouvant sur son territoire,

étant entendu que les États devront s’être assurés que les paiements à des
personnes se trouvant en dehors de leur territoire seront utilisés aux fins des
activités et opérations pour lesquelles une autorisation est demandée ou en
liaison avec ces activités et opérations, et que, pour ce qui est des paiements
faisant l’objet de l’exception prévue à l’alinéa a) ci-dessus, les États ne
pourront autoriser ces paiements qu’après s’être assurés, dans chaque cas,
qu’ils n’aboutiront pas au transfert de fonds ou d’autres actifs financiers ou
ressources financières à une autorité, personne ou entité comptant parmi celles
visées aux alinéas a) ou b) du paragraphe 7 i) ci-dessus;

    12.   Décide que les États veilleront à ce que le paiement de dividendes,
intérêts ou autres revenus provenant d’actions, de participations, d’obligations
ou de titres de créance, ou de montants provenant d’une participation à des
actifs corporels et incorporels et de droits de propriété, ou de la vente ou de
la cession de ces actifs et droits, ou de toute autre transaction y relative,
dus

     i)   À toute entité, y compris toute entreprise commerciale, industrielle
          ou de service public sise dans les zones de la République de
          Bosnie-Herzégovine tenues par les forces serbes de Bosnie, ou

    ii)   À toute entité visée au paragraphe 7 i) ou à toute personne ou entité
          visée au paragraphe 7 ii) ci-dessus,

soit effectué uniquement sur des comptes bloqués;

    13.   Décide d’interdire la fourniture de services, financiers ou autres, à
toute personne physique ou morale aux fins de toute activité commerciale menée
dans les zones de la République de Bosnie-Herzégovine tenues par les forces
serbes de Bosnie, les seules exceptions étant a) les télécommunications, les
services postaux et les services juridiques en conformité avec la présente
résolution et les résolutions antérieures pertinentes, b) les services dont la
fourniture peut être nécessaire à des fins humanitaires ou à d’autres fins de
caractère exceptionnel, sous réserve que le Comité créé par la résolution

                                                                             /...

                                                                S/RES/942 (1994)
                                                                Page 5



724 (1991) les ait autorisés dans chaque cas, et c) les services autorisés par
le Gouvernement de la République de Bosnie-Herzégovine;

    14.   Décide que les États interdiront l’entrée sur leur territoire :

     a)   Aux membres des autorités, y compris les autorités législatives, dans
les zones de la République de Bosnie-Herzégovine tenues par les forces serbes de
Bosnie, et aux officiers des forces militaires et paramilitaires serbes de
Bosnie, ainsi qu’aux personnes agissant au nom de ces autorités ou forces;

     b)   Aux personnes dont il est avéré qu’elles ont fourni, après l’adoption
de la présente résolution, un soutien financier, matériel, logistique, militaire
ou tout autre appui tangible aux forces serbes de Bosnie, en violation des
résolutions pertinentes du Conseil;

     c)   Aux personnes se trouvant ou résidant dans les zones de la République
de Bosnie-Herzégovine tenues par les forces serbes de Bosnie, dont il est avéré
qu’elles ont violé les mesures énoncées dans la résolution 820 (1993) et dans la
présente résolution ou contribué à leur violation;

et prie le Comité créé par la résolution 724 (1991) d’établir et de tenir à jour
une liste des personnes visées par le présent paragraphe, en se fondant sur les
informations communiquées par les États et les organisations régionales
compétentes;

     étant entendu qu’aucune disposition du présent paragraphe ne contraint un
État à refuser l’entrée sur son territoire à ses propres nationaux et que
l’entrée sur le territoire d’un État donné à une date particulière d’une
personne figurant sur cette liste peut être autorisée, par le Comité ou, en cas
de désaccord au sein du Comité, par le Conseil, à des fins conformes à la
poursuite du processus de paix et aux dispositions de la présente résolution et
des résolutions antérieures pertinentes;

    15.   Décide d’interdire à tout trafic fluvial commercial l’accès des ports
se trouvant dans les zones de la République de Bosnie-Herzégovine tenues par les
forces serbes de Bosnie, sauf si cet accès est autorisé par le Comité créé par
la résolution 724 (1991), qui décidera au cas par cas, ou par le Gouvernement de
la République de Bosnie-Herzégovine en ce qui concerne son territoire, ou s’il
est motivé par un cas de force majeure;

    16.   Décide que les États exigeront qu’un manifeste en bonne et due forme
soit établi pour toutes les expéditions de produits et marchandises destinées
aux zones de la République de Bosnie-Herzégovine tenues par les forces serbes de
Bosnie, et ou bien que les missions d’assistance pour l’application des
sanctions ou les autorités nationales compétentes examinent la cargaison, lors
du chargement, afin d’en vérifier la nature et d’y apposer des scellés, ou bien
que le chargement soit fait de manière à permettre une vérification appropriée
de la cargaison;

    17.   Décide que, lorsqu’ils présenteront au Comité créé par la résolution
724 (1991) une notification ou une demande d’autorisation concernant des
fournitures à usage strictement médical, des denrées alimentaires ou des
fournitures humanitaires essentielles destinées aux zones de la République de

                                                                            /...

S/RES/942 (1994)
Page 6



Bosnie-Herzégovine tenues par les forces serbes de Bosnie, les États indiqueront
au Comité, pour information, la source des fonds devant servir au paiement;

    18.   Décide qu’en appliquant les mesures imposées par la présente
résolution, les États devront prendre des dispositions pour empêcher que ne
soient détournés au profit des zones de la République de Bosnie-Herzégovine
tenues par les forces serbes de Bosnie des avantages destinés à d’autres zones,
en particulier aux zones protégées par les Nations Unies en Croatie;

    19.   Prie le Secrétaire général de fournir l’assistance nécessaire au
Comité créé par la résolution 724 (1991) et de prendre à cette fin les
dispositions voulues au Secrétariat;

    20.   Décide que les dispositions énoncées dans la présente résolution ne
s’appliquent pas aux activités relatives à la FORPRONU, à la Conférence
internationale sur l’ex-Yougoslavie ou aux missions de vérification de la
Communauté européenne;

    21.   Décide de revoir les mesures imposées par la présente résolution
chaque fois qu’il conviendra et, en tout état de cause, tous les quatre mois à
compter de la date de son adoption, et se déclare prêt à reconsidérer ces
mesures si la partie des Serbes de Bosnie accepte le règlement territorial
proposé inconditionnellement et dans son intégralité;

    22.   Décide de demeurer activement saisi de la question et d’examiner
immédiatement, si nécessaire, les nouvelles mesures à prendre afin de parvenir à
un règlement pacifique conforme à ses résolutions pertinentes.

                                     -----

Русский текст (official Russian version): ?C'!=31!O3a
?#W+)3=+==YM =!O35                                                                         S
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                                                                  Distr.
                                                                  GENERAL

                                                                  S/RES/942 (1994)
                                                                  22 September 1994




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                                                                           S/RES/942 (1994)
                                                                           Page 3


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S/RES/942 (1994)
Page 4


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4:4 FJ<<Z, B@:JR,>>Z, @H JR"FH4b & 4FB@:\2@&">44 <"H,D4":\>ZN 4 >,<"H,D4":\>ZN "8H4&@& 4:4
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                                                                          S/RES/942 (1994)
                                                                          Page 5


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      15. B@FH">@&:b,H 2"BD,H4H\ &F,< 8@<<,DR,F84< D,R>Z< FJ*"< 2"N@*4H\ & B@DHZ >"
H,DD4H@D44 H,N D"6@>@& C,FBJ$:484 #@F>44 4 ',DP,(@&4>Z, 8@H@DZ, >"N@*bHFb B@* 8@>HD@:,< F4:
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8@>8D,H>@< F:JR", 7@<4H,H@<, JRD,0*,>>Z< D,2@:`P4,6 724 (1991), 4:4 BD"&4H,:\FH&@<
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>"N@*bHFb B@* 8@>HD@:,< F4: $@F>46F84N F,D$@&, >"*:,0"V4< @$D"2@< BD,*Xb&:b:4F\ 8 @F<@HDJ 4
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      17. B@FH">@&:b,H, RH@ (@FJ*"DFH&", BD,*FH"&:bb 7@<4H,HJ, JRD,0*,>>@<J D,2@:`P4,6 724
(1991), J&,*@<:,>4b 4:4 2"b&84 & @H>@T,>44 H@&"D@&, BD,*>"2>"R,>>ZN 4F8:`R4H,:\>@ *:b
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S/RES/942 (1994)
Page 6


      18. B@FH">@&:b,H, RH@ (@FJ*"DFH&" BD4 @FJV,FH&:,>44 <,D, &&,*,>>ZN >"FH@bV,6
D,2@:`P4,6, *@:0>Z BD,*BD4>4<"H\ T"(4 F P,:\` &@FBD,BbHFH&@&"H\ >,2"8@>>@<J B,D,&@*J FD,*FH&
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F,D$@&, 42 *DJ(4N <,FH 4, & R"FH>@FH4, 42 @ND">b,<ZN ?D(">42"P4,6 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46
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      20. B@FH">@&:b,H, RH@ B@:@0,>4b, 42:@0,>>Z, & >"FH@bV,6 D,2@:`P44, >,
D"FBD@FHD">b`HFb >" *,bH,:\>@FH\, F&b2">>J` F E4:"<4 ?D(">42"P44 ?$X,*4>,>>ZN ="P46 B@
@ND">,, ;,0*J>"D@*>@6 8@>L,D,>P4,6 B@ $Z&T,6 _(@F:"&44 4:4 <4FF4b<4 +&D@B,6F8@(@
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$,2@(@&@D@R>@ 4 B@:>@FH\` BD4<,H BD,*:@0,>>@, H,DD4H@D4":\>@, JD,(J:4D@&">4,;

      22. B@FH">@&:b,H BD@*@:0"H\ "8H4&>@ 2">4<"H\Fb ^H4< &@BD@F@< 4 >,2"<,*:4H,:\>@
D"FF<"HD4&"H\, 8@(*" & ^H@< &@2>48",H >,@$N@*4<@FH\, *@B@:>4H,:\>Z, T"(4 *:b *@FH40,>4b
<4D>@(@ JD,(J:4D@&">4b F@(:"F>@ F@@H&,HFH&J`V4< D,2@:`P4b< E@&,H".


                                           -----


النص العربي (official Arabic version): S                                                                       èb]SáÖK Üá©K
Distr.
GENERAL

S/RES/942 (1994)
23 September 1993
                                                           àá©K ˝ÖZá


                                       (@HHC) HCA dKdÄÖK


               @HHC dOáSOg/ÑëÖìô AB aìdLSN BCAG éS¸ÖZ ï{ àá©K ˝ÖZá ãc`RK ícÖK


                                                                          <àá©K ˝ÖZá àõ


                                             <êÖkÖK QKc êÄNL¸ÖK éRKdKd uîáZ óÖK dî˛ì cõ


pL|]ÖK uá <êÄNL¸ÖK Lî{®gëwëì ï{ rKeäÖÖ <lëL|SÖK Åìdo às <êìë¸R ÅîÄ]SN éáKeSÖK bÉùì cõë
                           <LîÖëb LçN zdStáÖK Låbëb] Ñ`Kb ÇLäå ÑëbÖK uîáZÖ êîáîÖ´K êá®¸ÖK óÖs


QLìßëÖKë ïNëdë©K bL]RßKë èb]SáÖK Üá©K ëÖWáá LçN uÖomì ïSÖK bëçZÖÖ ãdìbÄR às Mdtì cõë
                       <êìë¸R óÖõ ÑkëSÖK óÖs zKdo©K èbsL¸áÖ ïgëdÖK bL]RßKë êîÉìdá©K èb]SáÖK


Låc|äRë êîägëOÖK zKdo©K uîáZ LçîÖs uëR êáüKb êîáÖg êìë¸R óÖõ êZL]ÖK bîÉöR bîtì cõë
 <(S/1994/1081) ê]dSÄáÖK êîáîÖ´K êìë¸SÖK ÑëO l{d ïägëOÖK ïNdkÖK zdoÖK dKd àìbì cõë <j®`úN


êÖîgë êÖkÖK QKc êÄNL¸ÖK éRKdKd PZëáNë dKdÄÖK Kcå PZëáN êmëd|áÖK dîNKbSÖK dOStì cõë
                             <lëL|SÖK Åìdo às rKeäÖÖ êìë¸R óÖõ ÑkëSÖK ï{ êÖWáSáÖK êìLxÖK ÅîÄ]SÖ


ÇÖR ï{ êáüLÄÖK ÑëbÖK Láîg ßë <òLms©K ÑëbÖK LçÖcOR ïSÖK èdáS¸áÖK bëçZÖÖ ãbîìöR às Mdtì cõë
                                                        <êÖkÖK QKc éRKdKd cî|äR ÑZô àá <êÄoäáÖK


        <àîîÖëbÖK àá©Kë ÜÖ¸ÖÖ KbìbçR ÑÉ˛R ÑKeR ß êÄNL¸ÖK Lî{®gëwëì ï{ êÖL]ÖK àô ddÄì cõë


                                  .èb]SáÖK Üá©K ~LWîá àá uNL¸ÖK Ñk|ÖK PZëáN zdkSì cõë




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                                                                              S/RES/942 (1994)
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                                              }Öô


ïSÖK ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK êìdëçáZÖ ê]dSÄáÖK êîáîÖ´K êìë¸SÖK óÖs éSÄ{Këá às Mdtì             - @
                                      =êÖáLi êîáÖg êìë¸R àá òeZÉ êîägëOÖK zKdo©K óÖs Tmds


êìë¸SÖÖ <ïägëOÖK ïNdkÖK zdoÖK Kbs <àØK zKdo©K uîáZ ÑëOÄÖ é]LîRdK às Mdtì                - A
                                                                          =êÖáLÉ ê]dSÄáÖK êîáîÖ´K


àöN PÖLoìë <ê]dSÄáÖK êîáîÖ´K êìë¸SÖK ÑëO ém{dÖ ïägëOÖK ïNdkÖK zdoÖK èëÄN àìbì         - B
                                           =ndi ëô bî àëbë êÖáLÉ êìë¸SÖK ãcå zdoÖK ÇÖc ÑOÄì


ï{ éîÖs Å|SáÖK ë]äÖK óÖs dLäÖK ~®oõ }ëN bîÄSÖK ÑkKëR àô zKdo©K u¥îáZ àá PÖoì           - C
                               =èbìbZ êîüKbs ÑLásô íöN ÜLîÄÖK às uäSáR àôë @HHC éîâëì/àKdìe] G


êìë¸SÖK cî|äR óÖs zKdo©K èbsL¸áÖ êáe®ÖK dîNKbSÖK uîáZ cL`Rß ãbKbtSgK àÖtì               - D
TÖás òKëg <òLms©K ÑëbÖK uZ˛ì <bbkÖK Kcå ï{ë <zKdo©K uîáZ PâLZ àá LçÖëO ÜSì LáÖL] ê]dSÄáÖK
Láî{ ÜLtÖK àîá©K uá êîÖLt|N àëLtSÖK óÖs <êîáîÖõ QLOîRdR ëô QßLÉë Ñ®` àá ëô ïäoëÖK bîtkÖK óÖs
                                    =ê]dSÄáÖK êìë¸SÖK cî|äR óÖs zKdo©K èbsL¸áÖ bëçZ àá éÖcOì


                                               òLN


j`ì Láî{ <LçLoâ uîgëRë êÄNL¸ÖK éRKdKd PZëáN êmëd|áÖK dîNKbSÖK eìetR óÖs éäá LáîákRë
                       <êîägëOÖK êîNdkÖK QKëÄÖK èdoî¸Ö êtmL`ÖK ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ ÅoLäá


ïNdkÖK zdoÖK èbLî uá êîgLîg QLVbL]á íô òKdZõ às uäSáR àô ÑëbÖK uîáZ óÖõ PÖoì           - E
                                =êÖáLÉ ê]dSÄáÖK êìë¸SÖK óÖs Å{Këì ÜÖ zdoÖK ÇÖc àô LáÖLo ïägëOÖK


                                                          :uäáN ÑëbÖK ÜëÄR àô ddÄì      - F


àLîÉ íô <dKdÄÖK Kcå cL`RK aìdLR btN <LçáîÖLô Ñ`Kb LçN uÖomì ïSÖK êìbLkSßK êo˛â©K      ‘@‘
êÄìdoN ëô èdiLOá éîÖs doî¸ì ëô éÉÖáì <éäìëÉR ëô éüL˛âõ Ñ]á àLÉ Lìô <QLâLîÉÖK àá
                                                                      :èdiLOá dîw


Å{Kdá ê¸gùá ëô êîsLäk ëô êìdLZR ê¸gùá íô ÇÖc ï{ LáN <àLîÉ ëô j`i íô               (ô)
èdoîg T]R êtKëÖK ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ ÅoLäá ï{ ÜîÄá ëô bëZëá <êáLs
                                                ëô <êîägëOÖK êîNdkÖK QKëÄÖK


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ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ ÅoLäá àëâL PZëáN éäìëÉR ÜR ëô °˛âô àLîÉ íô              (M)
                           ÇÖcÉë <êîägëOÖK êîNdkÖK QKëÄÖK èdoîg T]R êtKëÖK


<dKd¥ÄÖK Kc¥å cL¥`RK a¥ìdLR b¥tN <Lçî¥mKdô Ñ`Kb LçN uÖo¥mì ïS¥ÖK ê¥¥ìbLkSßK êo¥˛â©K      ‘A‘
Kcå lKdw© ÑëbÖK Üåbb]R àìcÖK QLâLîÉÖKë jL`i©K ÇÖc ï{ àáN <àLîÉ ëô j`i íô
íô ÇÖc ï¥¥{ LáN <àL¥¥îÉ íô êt|¥¥äáÖë <às êNLîâ ëô <ÑZô àá Ñátì éâô àîOSìë <dKdÄÖK
êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ ÅoLäá ï{ bZë¥R êáLs Å{Kdá ê¥¥¸gùá ëô êîsLäk ëô êìdLZR ê¥¸gùá
èdÄ|ÖK ï{ bb]á àLîÉ íô ëô <êîägëOÖK êîNdkÖK QKëÄÖK èdoîg T]R êtKëÖK ÇgdçÖKë
                                                                    =ã®sô ‘@‘ êîsd|ÖK


                                                                                                êoìdi


ÑÉ ï{ <LçsLäSK btN <LçáîÖLô Ñ`Kb êo˛â©K ãcçN r®omßLN àcöR àô ÑëbÖÖ eëZì éâô             (ô)
àLîÉ ëô j`i íô óÖõ QLÉÖSáá ï{ jk] ëô QLÉÖSáá ÑÄâ óÖõ íbùR ß êo˛â©K ãcå àöN <èb] óÖs êÖL]
                            ë <ã®sô (M) ëô (ô) ‘@‘ êîsd|ÖK èdÄ|ÖK ï{ èbb]áÖK QLâLîÉÖK ëô jL`i©K àá


dk]ÖK ÑîOg óÖs LçN bkÄ$ì ïSÖK QKbKbá´K dî{ëR àëb èdÄ|ÖK ãcå ï{ òïi Ñë]ì ßô               (M)
<(@HH@) FAC dKdÄÖLN ®ás èö˛äáÖK êäZÖÖK LçN do`$R ïSÖK êîüKcxÖK bKëáÖKë êîOoÖK lKdw©K ï{ Üb`S¸R àô
        =êäZÖÖK LçîÖs TÄ{Kë ïSÖK êîgLg©K êîâL¸â´K QLZLîS]ßK êîOÖSÖ êáe®ÖK QLZSäáÖKë êîgLg©K uÖ¸ÖK ëô


PZëáN d`§ àcõ íô dKbkõ Übsë èbëZëáÖK QLâëc©K òLxÖúN ÑëbÖK uîáZ ÜëÄR àô ddÄì              - G
dîNKbSÖK ÇçSäì ëô dKdÄÖK Kcå PZëáN êmëd|áÖK dîNKbSÖK ÇçSäì àLîÉ íô ëô j`i í© ã®sô F èdÄ|ÖK
Kcå cL`RK aìdLR btN QLÉLçSâßK ÇÖR Uëb] êÖL] ï{ <êÖkÖK QKc êÄNL¸ÖK QKdKdÄÖK PZëáN êmëd|áÖK
                                                                                                =dKdÄÖK


:ïätì ã®sô F èdÄ|ÖK ï{ Üb`S¸áÖK "êìbLkSßK êo˛â©K" ^Öoká àô ÑëbÖK dOStR àô ddÄì          - H


êîÖLáÖKë êìdLZSÖK Q®áLtáÖKë êo˛â©K ÇÖc ï{ LáN <íbLkSßK uNLoÖK QKc êo˛â©K uîáZ            (ô)
QLÉÖSááÖK ÜKb`SgK óÖs íë¥¥oäR ïSÖK íbLkSßK uNL¥¥oÖK QKc êo¥¥˛â©K u¥îáZ Láî¥g ßë <êîsLäkÖKë
                              =LçN ÅÖtSì Láî{ ëô Lçtá ÑáLtSÖK ëô LçN dLZRßK ëô QLÉÖSááÖK ï{ jk]ÖK ëô


                            =QLÉÖSááÖK ï{ jk]ÖK ëô QLÉÖSááÖLN êÖkSáÖK ~ëÄ]ÖK êgdLáá      (M)


                             =ÜüL àLîÉ íô èdKbõ ï{ dîîxR òKdZõ ëô bìbZ àLîÉ íô òL˛âõ    (Y)




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                                                                               S/RES/942 (1994)
                                                                               Page 4




ï{ Üb`S¸áÖK "QLÉÖSááÖK ï{ jk]ÖK ëô QLÉÖSááÖK" ^Öoká àô ÑëbÖK dOStR àô ddÄì              - @I
~Kdë©Kë <êîÉÖáÖK ~ëÄ]ë <êgëáÖáÖK dîwë êgëáÖáÖK <êîÖLáÖK Ñëk©Kë <ÑKëá©K ïätì ã®sô H ë F àîRdÄ|ÖK
        =ñd`ô êìbLkSKë êîÖLá bdKëá íôë <àëìbÖK ÇëÉkë <jL`ÖKë ÜLtÖK àîsLoÄÖK ï{ LçN dZSáÖK êîÖLáÖK


          LçÉÖáì bdKëá ëô ñd`ô êîÖLá Ñëkô ëô ÑKëáô LçN bZëR ïSÖK ÑëbÖK ÜëÄR àô ddÄì     - @@


ÅoLäá ï{ <êáLs Å{Kdá ê¸gùá ëô êîsLäk ëô êìdLZR ê¸gùá íô ÇÖc ï{ LáN <àLîÉ íô               ‘@‘
           ëô <êîägëOÖK êîNdkÖK QKëÄÖK èdoîg T]R êtKëÖK ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ


<ã®sô ‘A‘ F èdÄ|ÖK ï{ bb]á àLîÉ ëô j`i íô ëô ã®sô ‘@‘ F èdÄ|ÖK ï{ bb]á àLîÉ íô            ‘A‘


bdKëáÖK ëô Ñëk©K àá Lådîw ëô ÑKëá©K ãcå ÜçReë] ï{ bZëR àìcÖK QLâLîÉÖKë jL`i©K uîáZ ÜKeÖúN
êîÖLáÖK bdKëáÖK ëô Ñëk©K ëô ÑKëá©K àá Lådîw ëô ÑKëá©K ãcå àô àá bÉöSÖÖ LåbîáZSN LçáîÖLô Ñ`Kb êîÖLáÖK
            <ã®sô àìdëÉcáÖK QLâLîÉÖK ëô jL`i©K àá íô ^ÖLkÖ èdiLOá dîw ëô èdiLOá èdëkN \LSR àÖ


                                                                                             òLäWSgLN


           ëô <ã®sô F èdÄ|ÖÖ LÄ{ë LçN àëcöáÖK êo˛â©LN ÅÖtSì Láî{ êábÄáÖK QLsë{báÖK         (ô)


êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ êáëÉ] LçN àcöR ïSÖK Q®áLtáÖLN ÅÖtSì Láî{ êábÄáÖK QLsë{báÖK               (M)
                                     <QLâLîÉ ëô jL`iô àá LçáîÖK Ñ`Kb bZëì Lá jëk`N ÇgdçÖKë


êo˛â©K ldxÖ Üb`S¸Sg LçîmKdô YdL` jL`iô óÖõ êábÄáÖK QLsë{báÖK àöN ÑëbÖK uäSÄR àô êoìdi
êÖL] ï{ <ÑëbÖK àcöR ßôë =Q®áLtáÖK ëô êo˛â©K ãcçN ÅÖtSì Láî{ ëô àc´K LçÖ PÖoì ïSÖK Q®áLtáÖKë
èb] óÖs êÖL] ÑÉ ï{ TtäSK Kcõ ßõ QLsë{báÖK ãcçN <ã®sô (ô) òLäWSgßK PZëáN êábÄáÖK QLsë{báÖK
jL`i©K àá íô óÖõ ê¥¥îÖLáÖK bdKë¥¥áÖK ëô Ñëk©K àá Lådîw ëô ÑKëá©K ÑÄâ óÖõ íbùR àÖ QLsë{báÖK àöN
                              =ã®sô ‘@‘ F èdÄ|ÖK àá (M) ëô (ô) êîsd|ÖK èdÄ|ÖK ï{ êäîOáÖK QLâLîÉÖK ëô


\L¥¥Nd©K QL¥¥t{b u¥¥îáZ <èb¥¥áZá QLNL¸¥¥] ï{ ßõ <bb¸R ßô ÑëbÖK uîáZ Ñ|ÉR àô ddÄì        - @A
àá èbáS¸áÖK yÖLOáÖK ëô àëìbÖK QLáKeSÖK ëô QKbä¸ÖK ëô büKë|ÖK ëô Üçg™Ö ñd`©K QKbKdì´K ëô büKë|ÖK ëô
íô ëô d`§ éZëN Lçî{ zdkSÖK ëô LçtîN ëô êîÉÖáÖK ~ëÄ] ëô êgëáÖáÖK dîw ëô êgëáÖáÖK Ñëk©K ï{ êk]
                                                       Å]S¸R ïSÖKë LçN ÑáLtSÖK ÑLÉiô àá d`§ ÑÉi


ÅoLäá ï{ êáLs Å{Kdá ê¸gùá ëô êîsLäk ëô êìdLZR ê¸gùá íô ÇÖc ï{ LáN <àLîÉ í©                ‘@‘
              ëô <êîägëOÖK êîNdkÖK QKëÄÖK èdoî¸Ö êtmL`ÖK ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ




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    =ã®sô ‘A‘ F èdÄ|ÖK ï{ bb]á àLîÉ ëô j`i íô ëô ‘@‘ F èdÄ|ÖK ï{ bb]á àLîÉ í©            ‘A‘


íô lKdw© ê†îå ëô j`i íô óÖõ <êîÖLáÖK dîwë Lçäá êîÖLáÖK <QLáb`ÖK ÜìbÄR dq] ddÄì         - @B
QKëÄÖK èdoî¸Ö êtmL`ÖK ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ ÅoLäá ï{ LçN r®omßK ídZì êìdLZR ÑLásô
QLáb`ÖKë bìdOÖK QLáb`ë êîÉÖg®ÖKë êîÉÖ¸ÖK QßLkRßK (ô) :Kdk] ïÖì Lá òLäWSgLN <êîägëOÖK êîNdkÖK
Lådî{ëR àëÉì b ïSÖK QLáb`ÖK (M) <êÖkÖK QKc êÄNL¸ÖK QKdKdÄÖKë dKdÄÖK Kcå uá Å|SR ïSÖK êîâëâLÄÖK
(@HH@) FAC dKdÄÖLN ®ás èö˛äáÖK êäZÖÖK LçîÖs Å{KëR LáÉ ñd`©K êîüLäWSgßK ëô êîâL¸â´K lKdw™Ö Lìdëdm
          =ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ êáëÉ] LçN àcöR ïSÖK QLáb`ÖK (Y) <èb] óÖs êÖL] ÑÉ fLgô óÖs


                                               :LçáîÖLô Ñë`b àá ÑëbÖK uäáR àô ddÄì    - @C


êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ ÅoLäá ï{ <êîtìd˛SÖK QLoÖ¸ÖK ÇÖc ï{ LáN <QLoÖ¸ÖÖ àîtNLSÖK bKd{©K          (ô)
<êìdÉ¸tÖK éOië êìdÉ¸tÖK êîägëOÖK êîNdkÖK QKëÄÖK nLOmë êîägëOÖK êîNdkÖK QKëÄÖÖ êtmL`ÖK ÇgdçÖKë
                                             =QKëÄÖK ëô QLoÖ¸ÖK ãcå ÜgLN àë{dkSì àìcÖK bKd{©Kë


Üsb íô êîägëOÖK êîNdkÖK QKëÄÖÖ Këáb Üçâô <dKdÄÖK Kcå cL`RK btN <àîOSì àìcÖK jL`i©K     (M)
        =êÖkÖK QKc ˝ÖZáÖK QKdKdÄÖ LÉLçSâK <fëáÖá d`§ Üsb íô ëô ídÉ¸s ëô íbKbáõ ëô íbLá ëô ïÖLá


èdoî¸Ö êtmL`ÖK ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ ÅoLäá ï{ àîáîÄáÖK ëô àìbëZëáÖK jL`i©K             (Y)
ï{ë (@HHB) GAI dKdÄÖK ï{ LçîÖs jëkäáÖK dîNKbSÖK KëÉçSâK Üçâô àîOSì àìcÖK êîägëOÖK êîNdkÖK QKëÄÖK
                                                                  =LçÉLçSâK ï{ KëáåLg ëô dKdÄÖK Kcå


ÑëbÖK LçábÄR ïSÖK QLáëÖtáÖK óÖõ KbLäSgK <(@HH@) FAC dKdÄÖLN ®ás èö˛äáÖK êäZÖÖK ÜëÄR àô PÖoìë
<èdÄ|ÖK ãcå êÖüLo T]R àëtÄì àìcÖK jL`i©LN êÖáÉS¸á êáüL umëN <êkS`áÖK êîáîÖ´K QLáqäáÖKë
                                                                            =êáüLÄÖK ãcçN pL|S]ßKë


êoìdië =LçîmKdô Ñë`b àá LçîäoKëá àLád]N êÖëb íô ÜeÖì Lá èdÄ|ÖK ãcå ï{ àëÉì ßô êoìdi
Å|SR ïSÖK lKdw™Ö <bb]á aìdLR íô ï{ êäîtá êÖëb íô óÖõ êáüLÄÖK ï{ Ydbá j`i íô Ñë`bN àc´K eKëZ
˝ÖZáÖK PâLZ àá ëô êäZÖÖK PâLZ àá <êÖkÖK QKc êÄNL¸ÖK QKdKdÄÖKë dKdÄÖK Kcå uáë ÜÖ¸ÖK êîÖás êtNLSá uá
                                                                    =êäZÖÖK ï{ ~L|RßK Übs êÖL] ï{


ï{ èbëZëáÖK °âKëáÖK Ñë`b LçSádN êìdçäÖK êìdLZSÖK dëdáÖK êÉd] óÖs dq]ì àô ddÄì          - @D
êäZÖÖK àcöR Lábäs ßõ êîägëOÖK êîNdkÖK QKëÄÖK èdoîg T]R êtKëÖK ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ ÅoLäá
êìdëçáZ êáëÉ] àcöR Lábäs ëô <èb] óÖs êÖL] ÑÉ fLgô óÖs <ÇÖcN (@HH@) FAC dKdÄÖLN ®ás èö˛äáÖK
                                     =èdåLÄÖK èëÄÖK êÖL] ï{ ëô <LçáîÖúN ÅÖtSì Láî{ ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK




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                                                                             S/RES/942 (1994)
                                                                             Page 6




ÅoLäá ë]â êçZSáÖK QLZSäáÖKë uÖ¸ÖK QLä]i uîáZ àëÉR àô ÑëbÖK ndS˛R àô ddÄì               - @E
Ñëk©K P¸] QLâLîON êSOWá êîägëOÖK êîNdkÖK QKëÄÖK èdoîg T]R êtKëÖK ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ
PâLZ àá ëô QKòKeZÖK cî|äR óÖs èbsL¸áÖK ÜìbÄR QLWtN PâLZ àá Láõ ˇîS|SÖÖ LìbLá um`R àôë
^á¸R êÄìdoN êÖá]á àëÉR àô ëô <LçáS`ë LçRLìëS]á àá ÅÄ]SÖÖ <Ñîá]SÖK bäs <êkS`áÖK êîäoëÖK QLoÖ¸ÖK
                                                             =QLìëS]áÖK àá PgLäáÖK íbLáÖK ÅÄ]SÖLN


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../..                                                                                     94-37270

Draft resolution (S/1994/1084):
UNITED
NATIONS                                                                       S
               Security Council
                                                       Distr.
                                                       GENERAL

                                                       S/1994/1084
                                                       22 September 1994
                                                       ENGLISH
                                                       ORIGINAL: ENGLISH/FRENCH




         Argentina, Czech Republic, Djibouti, France, Germany, Nigeria,
         Oman, Pakistan, Russian Federation, Rwanda, Spain, United
         Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United
                      States of America: draft resolution


     The Security Council,

     Recalling all its earlier relevant resolutions,

     Affirming its commitment to a negotiated settlement of the conflict in the
former Yugoslavia, preserving the territorial integrity of all the States there
within their internationally recognized borders,

     Expressing appreciation for the efforts undertaken by the representatives
of the United Nations, the European Union, the United States of America and the
Russian Federation to assist the parties in reaching a settlement,

     Reaffirming the need for a lasting peace settlement to be signed by all the
Bosnian parties, and implemented in good faith by them, and condemning the
decision by the Bosnian Serb party to refuse to accept the proposed territorial
settlement (S/1994/1081),

     Viewing the measures imposed by the present resolution and by its previous
relevant resolutions as a means towards the end of producing a negotiated
settlement to the conflict,

     Expressing its support for the continuing efforts of Member States, in
particular States in the region, to implement its relevant resolutions,

     Determining that the situation in the former Yugoslavia continues to
constitute a threat to international peace and security,

     Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations,

                                       A

     1.   Expresses its approval of the proposed territorial settlement for the
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina which has been put to the Bosnian parties as
part of an overall peace settlement;


94-37254 (E)   230994                                                       /...

S/1994/1084
English
Page 2



     2.   Expresses its satisfaction that the proposed territorial settlement
has now been accepted in full by all except the Bosnian Serb party;

     3.   Strongly condemns the Bosnian Serb party for their refusal to accept
the proposed territorial settlement, and demands that that party accept this
settlement unconditionally and in full;

     4.   Requires all parties to continue to observe the cease-fire as agreed
on 8 June 1994 and to refrain from all new acts of hostility;

     5.   Declares its readiness to take all measures necessary to assist the
parties to give effect to the proposed settlement once it has been accepted by
all parties, and in this connection encourages States, acting nationally or
through regional agencies or arrangements, to cooperate in an effective manner
with the Secretary-General in his efforts to aid the parties to implement the
proposed settlement;

                                         B

     Resolved to reinforce and extend the measures imposed by its previous
resolutions with regard to those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
under the control of Bosnian Serb forces,

     6.   Calls upon States to desist from any political talks with the
leadership of the Bosnian Serb party as long as that party has not accepted the
proposed settlement in full;

     7.    Decides that States shall prevent

     (i)   economic activities carried on, after the date of adoption of this
           resolution, within their territories by any entity, wherever
           incorporated or constituted, which is owned or controlled, directly or
           indirectly, by:

           (a)   any person in, or resident in, or any entity, including any
                 commercial, industrial or public utility undertaking, in those
                 areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control
                 of Bosnian Serb forces, or

           (b)   any entity incorporated in or constituted under the law of those
                 areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control
                 of Bosnian Serb forces, as well as

    (ii)   economic activities carried on, after the date of adoption of this
           resolution, within their territories, by any person or entity,
           including those identified by States for the purpose of this
           resolution, found to be acting for or on behalf of and to the benefit
           of any entity, including any commercial, industrial or public utility
           undertaking in those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
           under the control of Bosnian Serb forces, or any entity identified in
           subparagraph (i) above;


                                                                              /...

                                                                        S/1994/1084
                                                                        English
                                                                        Page 3



provided

     (a) that States may authorize such activities to be carried on within
their territories, having satisfied themselves on a case-by-case basis that the
activities do not result in the transfer of property or interests in property to
any person or entity described in subparagraph (i) (a) or (b) above, and

     (b) that nothing in this paragraph shall prevent the provision of supplies
intended strictly for medical purposes and foodstuffs notified to the Committee
established by resolution 724 (1991), or commodities and products for essential
humanitarian needs approved by the Committee;

     8.   Decides that States shall revoke existing, and issue no further,
authorization under paragraph 7 above in respect of any person or entity
violating the measures imposed by this resolution or violating the measures
imposed by earlier relevant resolutions, where those violations have occurred
after the date of adoption of this resolution;

     9.   Decides that States shall consider the term "economic activities" used
in paragraph 7 above to mean

     (a) all activities of an economic nature, including commercial, financial
and industrial activities and transactions, in particular all activities of an
economic nature involving the use of or dealing in, with or in connection with
property or interests in property,

       (b)   the exercise of rights relating to property or interests in property,
and

     (c) the establishment of any new entity or change in management of an
existing entity;

     10. Decides that States shall consider the term "property or interests in
property" used in paragraphs 7 and 9 above to mean funds, financial, tangible
and intangible assets, property rights, and publicly and privately traded
securities and debt instruments, and any other financial and economic resources;

     11. Decides that States in which there are funds or other financial assets
or resources of

       (i)   any entity, including any commercial, industrial or public utility
             undertaking in those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
             under the control of Bosnian Serb forces, or

      (ii)   any entity identified in paragraph 7 (i) above or any person or entity
             identified in paragraph 7 (ii) above,

shall require all persons and entities within their territories holding such
funds or other financial assets or resources to freeze them to ensure that
neither they nor any other funds or any other financial assets or resources are
made available directly or indirectly to or for the benefit of any of the abovementioned persons or entities,

                                                                               /...

S/1994/1084
English
Page 4



except

     (a) payments made in connection with activities authorized in accordance
with paragraph 7 above, or

     (b) payments made in connection with transactions authorized by the
Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina with regard to persons or
entities within its territory,

provided that States are satisfied that payments to persons outside their
territories will be used for the purpose or in connection with the activities
and transactions for which permission is sought; and that in the case of
payments made under exception (a) above, States may authorize such payments only
after they are satisfied on a case-by-case basis that the payments do not result
in the transfer of funds or other financial assets or resources to any person or
entity described in subparagraph (a) or (b) of paragraph 7 (i) above;

     12. Decides that States shall ensure that all payments of dividends,
interest or other income on shares, interest, bonds or debt obligations or
amounts derived from an interest in, or the sale or other disposal of, or any
other dealing with, tangible and intangible assets and property rights, accruing
to

     (i)   any entity, including any commercial, industrial or public utility
           undertaking in those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
           under the control of Bosnian Serb forces, or

    (ii)   any entity identified in paragraph 7 (i) or any person or entity
           identified in paragraph 7 (ii) above,

are made only into frozen accounts;

     13. Decides that the provision of services, both financial and
non-financial, to any person or body for the purposes of any business carried on
in those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control of
Bosnian Serb forces shall be prohibited, the only exceptions being
(a) telecommunications, postal services and legal services consistent with this
resolution and earlier relevant resolutions, (b) services whose supply may be
necessary for humanitarian or other exceptional purposes, as approved on a caseby-case basis by the Committee established by resolution 724 (1991), and
(c) services authorized by the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina;

     14.   Decides that States shall prevent the entry into their territories of:

     (a) the members of the authorities, including legislative authorities, in
those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control of
Bosnian Serb forces and officers of the Bosnian Serb military and paramilitary
forces, and those acting on behalf of such authorities or forces;




                                                                              /...

                                                                     S/1994/1084
                                                                     English
                                                                     Page 5



     (b) persons found, after the adoption of the present resolution, to have
provided financial, material, logistical, military or other tangible support to
Bosnian Serb forces in violation of relevant resolutions of the Council;

     (c) persons in or resident in those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina under the control of Bosnian Serb forces found to have violated or
contributed to the violation of the measures set out in resolution 820 (1993)
and in the present resolution;

     and requests that the Committee established by resolution 724 (1991)
establish and maintain an updated list, based on information provided by States
and competent regional organizations, of the persons falling within this
paragraph;

     provided that nothing in this paragraph shall oblige a State to refuse
entry into its territory to its own nationals; and provided that the entry of a
person included in the list into a particular State on a specified date may be
authorized, for purposes consistent with the pursuit of the peace process and
with the present resolution and earlier relevant resolutions, by the Committee
or, in the event of disagreement in the Committee, by the Council;

     15. Decides to prohibit all commercial riverine traffic from entering
ports of those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control
of Bosnian Serb forces except when authorized on a case-by-case basis by the
Committee established by resolution 724 (1991), or by the Government of the
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina for its territory, or in case of
force majeure;

     16. Decides that States shall require that all shipments of commodities
and products destined for those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
under the control of Bosnian Serb forces be properly manifested and either be
physically inspected by the Sanctions Assistance Missions or the competent
national authorities at loading to verify and seal their contents or be laden in
a manner which permits adequate physical verification of the contents;

     17. Decides that States shall, in notifying or submitting applications to
the Committee established by resolution 724 (1991) in respect of supplies
intended strictly for medical purposes and foodstuffs and essential humanitarian
supplies in respect of those areas of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
under the control of Bosnian Serb forces, report for information purposes to the
Committee on the source of funds from which payment is to be made;

     18. Decides that States shall, in implementing the measures imposed by
this resolution, take steps to prevent the diversion of benefits to those areas
of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control of Bosnian Serb
forces from other places, and in particular from the United Nations Protected
Areas in Croatia;

     19. Requests the Secretary-General to provide the necessary assistance to
the Committee established by resolution 724 (1991) and to make the necessary
arrangements in the Secretariat for that purpose;


                                                                            /...

S/1994/1084
English
Page 6



     20. Decides that the provisions set forth in this resolution do not apply
to activities related to the United Nations Protection Force, the International
Conference on the Former Yugoslavia or the European Community Monitoring
Missions;

     21. Decides to review the measures imposed by this resolution whenever
appropriate and in any event every four months from the date of adoption of this
resolution; and expresses its readiness to reconsider those measures if the
Bosnian Serb party accepts the proposed territorial settlement unconditionally
and in full;

     22. Decides to remain actively seized of the matter and to consider
immediately, whenever necessary, further steps to achieve a peaceful solution in
conformity with relevant resolutions of the Council.


                                     -----

Meeting record:
United Nations                                                                                                          S/PV.3428


               Security Council                                                                                                        Provisional
               Forty-ninth Year

               3428th Meeting
               Friday, 23 September 1994, 4.30 p.m.
               New York




President:     Mr. Yañez-Barnuevo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      (Spain)

Members:       Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Cardenas
               Brazil . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Valle
               China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. He Yafei
               Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Kovanda
               Djibouti . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Olhaye
               France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Mérimée
               New Zealand . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Keating
               Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Gambari
               Oman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Al-Hassan
               Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Marker
               Russian Federation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Lavrov
               Rwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Bakuramutsa
               United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . . . . . . . . Sir David Hannay
               United States of America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mrs. Albright

Agenda
     The situation in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina




94-86400 (E)                                  This record contains the original text of speeches delivered in English and interpretations of speeches
                                              delivered in the other languages. The final text will be printed in the Official Records of the Security
                                              Council. Corrections should be submitted to original speeches only. They should be incorporated
                                              in a copy of the record and be sent under the signature of a member of the delegation concerned,
                                              within one week of the date of publication, to the Chief of the Verbatim Reporting Section,
                                              room C-178.

Security Council                                                                                         3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                     23 September 1994

     The meeting was called to order at 5.10 p.m.              prepared in the course of the Council’s prior
                                                               consultations; document S/1994/1084, which contains the
Adoption of the agenda                                         text of a draft resolution submitted by Argentina, the
                                                               Czech Republic, Djibouti, France, Germany, N i g e r i a ,
     The agenda was adopted.                                   Oman, Pakistan, the Russian Federation, Rwanda, Spain,
                                                               the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
The situation in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina        Ireland and the United States of America; and document
                                                               S/1994/1085, which contains the text of a draft resolution
      The President (interpretation from Spanish): I should    submitted by the Czech Republic, France, Germany, the
like to inform the Council that I have received letters from   Russian Federation, Spain, the United Kingdom of Great
the representatives of Afghanistan, Albania, Bangladesh,       Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Canada, Croatia, Egypt, Germany,       America.
Indonesia, the Islamic Republic of Iran, Jordan, Malaysia,
Senegal and Turkey in which they request to be invited to            I should also like to draw the attention of the
participate in the discussion of the item on the Council’s     members of the Council to the following other
agenda. In conformity with the usual practice, I propose,      documents: S/1994/1037, S/1994/1038, S/1994/1046,
with the consent of the Council, to invite those               S/1994/1056 and S/1994/1087, which contain letters dated
representatives to participate in the discussion without the   7, 12, 14 and 22 September 1994 from the Permanent
right to vote, in accordance with the relevant provisions of   Representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina to the United
the Charter and rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules     Nations addressed to the President of the Security
of procedure.                                                  Council; S/1994/1040 and S/1994/1072, which contain
                                                               letters dated 9 and 19 September 1994, respectively, from
     There being no objection, it is so decided.               the Permanent Representative of Croatia to the United
                                                               Nations addressed to the President of the Security
     At the invitation of the President, Mr. Sacirbey          Council; S/1994/1044 and S/1994/1079, which contain
     (Bosnia and Herzegovina) and Mr. Nobilo (Croatia)         letters dated 8 and 21 September 1994, respectively, from
     took places at the Council table; Mr. Farhadi             the Deputy Permanent Representative of Bosnia and
     (Afghanistan), Mr. Kulla (Albania), Mr. Rahman            Herzegovina to the United Nations addressed to the
     (Bangladesh), Mrs. Fréchette (Canada), Mr. Elaraby        President of the Security Council; S/1994/1052 and
     (Egypt), Mr. Graf zu Rantzau (Germany),                   S/1994/1062, which contain letters dated 14 and
     Mr. Wisnumurti (Indonesia), Mr. Kharrazi (Islamic         16 September 1994, respectively, from the Permanent
     Republic of Iran), Mr. Abu Odeh (Jordan), Mr. Razali      Representative of Croatia to the United Nations addressed
     (Malaysia), Mr. Cissé (Senegal) and Mr. Batu              to the Secretary-General; S/1994/1055, which contains a
     (Turkey) took the places reserved for them at the side    letter dated 9 September 1994 from the Permanent
     of the Council Chamber.                                   Representative of Slovenia to the United Nations
                                                               addressed to the President of the Security Council;
     The President (interpretation from Spanish): I have       S/1994/1060, which contains a letter dated
also received a request dated 23 September 1994 from           15 September 1994 from the Chargé d’affaires a.i. of the
Ambassador Dragomir Djokić to address the Security            Permanent Mission of Yugoslavia to the United Nations
Council. With the consent of the Council, I would propose      addressed to the President of the Security Council;
to invite him to address the Council in the course of the      S/1994/1074, which contains a letter dated
discussion of the item before it.                              19 September 1994 from the Secretary-General addressed
                                                               to the President of the Security Council, transmitting the
     There being no objection, it is so decided.               report of the Co-Chairmen of the Steering Committee of
                                                               the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia on
     The Security Council will now begin its consideration     the establishment and commencement of operations of an
of the item on its agenda. The Council is meeting in           International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia
accordance with the understanding reached in its prior         Mission to the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia
consultations.                                                 and Montenegro); S/1994/1075 and S/1994/1076, letters
                                                               dated 19 and 20 September 1994, respectively, from the
     Members of the Council have before them document          Charge d’affaires ad interim of the Permanent Mission of
S/1994/1083, which contains the text of a draft resolution     Yugoslavia to the United Nations addressed to the


2

Security Council                                                                                            3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                        23 September 1994

Secretary-General; S/1994/1081, letter dated 21 September        who inspired the crimes are now rewarded by an easing
1994 from the Permanent Representatives of France,               of sanctions?
Germany, the Russian Federation, the United Kingdom of
Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the United States of           Secondly, why is the draft resolution so watered
America to the United Nations addressed to the                   down as to diminish the commitment of the United
Secretary-General; and S/1994/1088, letter dated                 Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) to deploy its
22 September 1994 from the Permanent Representative of           forces in the places where ethnic cleansing is being
Pakistan to the United Nations addressed to the President of     executed? Can the Security Council afford to send the
the Security Council.                                            message that soldiers will not dare go to those places
                                                                 where old men are beaten, women are raped, young men
    The first speaker is the representative of Bosnia and        are sent off to forced labour and concentration camps,
Herzegovina on whom I now call.                                  never to be heard from again, and young children are
                                                                 made to traverse an obstacle course of battlefields and
     Mr. Sacirbey (Bosnia and Herzegovina):                      mines in bare feet?
Mr. President, let me assure you of our highest cooperation
in your efforts this month and commend you on your work               I do understand that it is safer for such soldiers to
so far.                                                          receive the proper invitation to enter these areas from
                                                                 those carrying out the ethnic cleansing, but I dare say that
     Let me also indicate our appreciation for the long          a rapist or molester would tend to prefer that there were
service of Mr. Yuliy Vorontsov, both as a President of the       no witnesses, and certainly no law enforcement personnel,
Council for the last month and as one of our colleagues          to confront their crimes.
over the last 20 years.
                                                                       None the less, I do hope that the UNPROFOR
     My delegation has decidedly mixed views with respect        Commander in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
to the three draft resolutions before the Council. On the        is as successful in securing an invitation for his troops to
other hand, our opinion regarding the manner by which            Banja Luka as he has been in arranging for visits of
these draft resolutions have been brought before the Council     foreign dignitaries to General Mladic. If UNPROFOR is
is unambiguous.                                                  to make a positive contribution to the peace process and
                                                                 its overall humanitarian mandate, it cannot limit itself to
      Unfortunately, it is the procedure by which these draft    a traditional peace-keeping mission when there is no
resolutions are being brought to a vote before the Council       peace to keep and to waiting for invitations from the war
that most reflects on the efficacy and integrity of the          criminals to stop their crimes.
Contact Group peace process and the overall response to
the aggression and to the human rights and humanitarian               Otherwise, we are not impressed by projections of
crises in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.                doomsday scenarios by those who now promote the
                                                                 continuing role of UNPROFOR as an excuse for reneging
     We do endorse the draft resolution contained in             on their commitment to lift the arms embargo on our
document S/1994/1083, which is intended to address the           Government.
crimes of ethnic cleansing now being perpetrated against
thousands of men, women and children in Serb-occupied                 We also support the spirit of the draft resolution
areas of our Republic.                                           contained in document S/1994/1084 on the enhancement
                                                                 of sanctions with respect to the so-called Bosnian Serbs.
     We must raise two questions, though:                        We, however, must question the effectiveness of this
                                                                 measure in securing the desired objectives, especially the
      Firstly, why did it take in excess of three months to      reversal of the consequences of aggression and ethnic
bring this draft resolution to a vote even after numerous        cleansing.
appeals from human rights organizations, countless stories
in the press, evidence provided to the Council and even the            We have proposed amendments that would be more
eye-witness reports directly provided to the Council by such     likely to promote these latter goals, but they have been
individuals as the Bishop of Banja Luka? Is there not a          ignored by the sponsors. The reasons given for this
perversion of priorities when this draft resolution is finally   ignoring of our proposals seem to reflect intra-Contact
brought to a vote as the crimes are completed, and those         Group politics rather than the impact on the desired


                                                                                                                           3

Security Council                                                                                              3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                          23 September 1994

objectives and overall peace in the Republic of Bosnia and        on the border in conjunction with this task issue Serbia
Herzegovina.                                                      and Montenegro a clean bill of health, other United
                                                                  Nations personnel witness massive violations of the
      We also must question the practical implementation of       border.
this draft resolution. How do we distinguish between the
so called Bosnian Serbs and the Croatian or Krajina Serbs,             If the monitoring regime is structured in such a
who are not targeted by this draft resolution, but in fact do     fashion as to be limited in its scope and distance of
fully coordinate their activities? How do we separate the         vision, then, like a man in a dark theatre, it will see only
arm of the criminal conspiracy in Banja Luka from its             what is projected for it to see.
brain, inspiration and torso in Belgrade?
                                                                        How can the Security Council be asked to rely upon
      It is Belgrade’s vision that is still now taking shape in   the authority of a monitoring regime that is, firstly, almost
occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina. It is the weapons of             totally reliant upon the cooperation and resources of the
Serbia and Montenegro that carry out the destruction, and         object of the monitoring and, secondly, staffed by fewer
it is still the tactical support and resources of Serbia and      than 200 people along a 450-kilometre border, when the
Montenegro that flow to Bosnia and Herzegovina to                 Secretary-General has already on two occasions asserted
maintain the aggression.                                          that at least 800 to 4,000 individuals, well coordinated
                                                                  and equipped, are necessary for the task?
     Which brings us to the third draft resolution, which is
contained in document S/1994/1085, concerning the easing               This can only bring us to one of the following
of sanctions against Serbia and Montenegro.                       conclusions: first, the monitoring regime has been
                                                                  constituted in response to political considerations rather
      Our opposition to this draft resolution is not born out     than a serious view of the task; secondly, the monitoring
of habit or a desire to punish; it stems from our deep fears      regime is designed to succeed by failing to see and by
as to the consequences. This draft resolution lacks balance;      providing the necessary collaboration to exonerate the
for while it seeks to reward those who now have admitted          aggressor and those that have no heart to confront the
to at least complicity in crimes and war-making, the victim       aggressor.
is not assisted, even as promised, in confronting the still
expanding and ongoing crimes and aggression and the                    The last conclusions are not advocated lightly. They
consequences thereof.                                             are in fact supported by all of the processes that have
                                                                  brought us here.
     Secondly, this draft resolution undermines the
necessary improvements in human rights standards within                 First, the self-designated Contact Group has placed
Kosovo, Vojvodina and Sandjak, as well as not addressing          a higher priority on the perception of its unity than on a
the ongoing occupation of the Republic of Croatia. Thirdly,       real solution to the problem.
this draft resolution seeks to solely reward Serbia and
Montenegro for a set of implausible, self-designed measures            Rather than proceed with measures that were initially
of self-policing.                                                 committed to by the entire Group as part of the peace
                                                                  plan and its rejection by the Serbian side, they chose a
     Serbia and Montenegro has not been required to               road of avoidance when some members of the Group
endorse the peace plan by recognizing the Republic of             reneged on those initial commitments.
Bosnia and Herzegovina within its current borders, an
essential element of the Contact Group plan. Instead,                  Secondly, with some second thoughts on the part of
Serbia and Montenegro is being rewarded for taking tactical       one or two members that unfortunately did not prevail,
steps that are designed to make it appear that Serbia and         the Contact Group as a whole has made the Security
Montenegro is splitting from its offspring and agents.            Council a rather convenient and self-serving chamber to
                                                                  relentlessly steer its programme and legitimize premature
     This brings us to the issue of monitoring.                   and inadequate measures.

      Are we to believe that the monitoring regime                    Not only is the Security Council being told that no
negotiated for this purpose in Belgrade will be capable of        changes can be made to the draft resolution because of
fulfilling its theoretical task? While those already deployed


4

Security Council                                                                                           3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                       23 September 1994

the sanctity of the Contact Group, but it is being compelled    firmly committed to the present peace process under the
to vote on the draft as a matter of urgency.                    auspices of the Contact Group and we welcome the
                                                                Group’s plan for Bosnia and Herzegovina.             The
     What is the urgency? Why are some so anxious to            Federation established between Bosnian Croats and
avoid the participation of our Presidents, Prime Ministers      Bosniacs has the full support of Croatia, and we call on
and Ministers who will be here next week? I suspect we          the Bosnian Serb party to join these two parties in
all understand that this draft resolution is not defendable     accepting the Contact Group peace plan as well. It is the
under the current circumstances and is an embarrassment to      only viable political solution that would avoid more
some.                                                           horrific human suffering for all of the peoples of Bosnia
                                                                and Herzegovina.
      However, what is most embarrassing for all of us is
that the urgency of Sarajevo’s strangulation, the deliberate        Croatia also welcomes the decision of the Federal
denial of water, electricity, gas and road access is accorded   Republic of Yugoslavia to give its support to the Contact
secondary priority to the parochial interests served by this    Group plan, and its decision to take measures against the
draft resolution.                                               Bosnia Serb party. However, it is still too early to judge
                                                                whether this decision is genuine and whether the
    An update on Sarajevo: its bakery has had to shut           measures undertaken are viable or sufficient, especially in
down and the people have now run out of bread.                  view of the capacities of the Federal Republic of
                                                                Yugoslavia, political and real, in this regard.
      I suspect that many will agree with me that the
Security Council itself is an unfortunate victim of this             Therefore, my Government must express serious
process. I also know that many of the members of the            reservations about the draft resolution that would suspend
Council who are not sponsors will characterize their role as    some of the sanctions against the Federal Republic of
that of helpless bystanders.                                    Yugoslavia at this time. The sanctions regime should be
                                                                suspended only after the Council receives concrete and
     However, unless members confront this victimization        undisputed evidence about real progress on the ground,
of the Security Council, they will have to bear their share     not only in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but also in Croatia.
of the responsibility as victimizers.                           The members of the Council should not be deceived by
                                                                mere political declarations when the Council has seen
     Simply put, I urge members not to support this draft       three years of empty or broken promises from the same
resolution as structured and offered to them today.             party.

     The President (interpretation from Spanish): I thank             The draft resolution can set a dangerous precedent in
the representative of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the kind       the region. Belgrade would be rewarded for altering
words he addressed to me.                                       relations with certain proxies, while still recognizing the
                                                                illegal entities that the proxies control, and while those
     The next speaker on my list is the representative of       illegal entities continue to use matériel and personnel
Croatia, on whom I now call.                                    previously deployed by Belgrade and, further, while those
                                                                assets and personnel continue to cooperate in one way or
     Mr. Nobilo (Croatia):    We wish to thank His              another and to be replenished by the Federal Republic of
Excellency, Mr. Yuliy Vorontsov, for the excellent way in       Yugoslavia.
which he steered the work of the Council during his
presidency last month.                                                A telling example of this cooperation is the recent
                                                                offensive against the Council-declared safe area of Bihac.
     We also wish to commend you, Mr. President, for            The offensive was coordinated "in-progress" from
your wise leadership in guiding the Council’s work this         Belgrade, as was pointed out in the letter dated
month.                                                          16 September 1994 from my Foreign Minister to the
                                                                Secretary-General, using assets from the occupied
      From the very outset of the conflict in the region,       territories of Croatia and from the paramilitary units under
Croatia has consistently pursued a policy which favoured        the control of the Bosnian Serb authorities. Some
political process over any other solution. My Government        members of the Council may have additional information
remains steadfast in its support of this policy. We are         in this regard.


                                                                                                                          5

Security Council                                                                                            3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                        23 September 1994

      The Bosnian Serb authorities and the Serbs in the          Herzegovina and the occupied territories of Croatia, and
occupied territories of Croatia will continue replenishing       the international community should insist that Belgrade
their war machine in several ways. My delegation has             pursues this type of pressure as well.
already brought to the attention of the Council, in a letter
dated 19 September 1994, one very likely way in which the              Croatia cannot accept mere political declarations as
border blockade is being violated: by air - violations which     a basis for suspending the most efficient mechanism the
were reported by the Secretary-General on 13 September.          international community has used to pursue a peaceful
We hope that the Council will not condone this new type          solution to the problems in the region. We must
of "no-fly zone" violations, as it already has a legal           emphasize that even this declaration is a political halfcapacity to observe and prevent such violations.                 measure, because the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has
                                                                 slightly altered relations with a certain proxy, but
      Another vehicle of replenishment of the Bosnian Serbs      continues to recognize the entity the proxy represents.
will be the proxies in the occupied territories of Croatia.
Belgrade has not imposed a blockade against the latter, and           Should the Council decide in favour of this draft
some high-ranking Belgrade officials have publicly stated        resolution, we must emphasize the importance of the
that the latter group will continue to be supplied through       ICFY monitoring Mission, which is operating with
the crossing points on the Bosnia/Serbia border. This            meagre resources and has been organized in hasty
policy presents the obvious problems of "leakage" which          circumstances. The Mission must not be allowed to be
neither the draft resolution nor the Monitoring Mission of       used to satisfy short-term political goals. It would
the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia will       seriously jeopardize the viability of the present peace plan
consider. We hope that the Council will take steps so that       pursued by the Contact Group and put into question the
this serious problem can be addressed by the Monitoring          credibility not only of the Contact Group but of this noble
Mission, and that the Mission will take steps consistent         body as well and its executive role in the whole process.
with resolution 820 (1993), which prohibits transshipments
to the occupied territories in Croatia.                               The President (interpretation from Spanish): I
                                                                 thank the representative of Croatia for his kind words
     My delegation cannot overlook the fact that this draft      addressed to me.
resolution may not follow the spirit of resolution 871
(1993), which links the sanction regime imposed on the                The next speaker is the representative of Malaysia.
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to implementation of              I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to
                                                                 make his statement.
     "all relevant resolutions of the Security Council
     including those relating to the United Nations peace-            Mr. Razali (Malaysia): It is a source of satisfaction
     keeping plan for the Republic of Croatia" (resolution       and pleasure for my delegation to see you, Sir, presiding
     871 (1993), para. 5).                                       over the Council.

Belgrade has continued its programme of integration of the            While Malaysia supports action to adopt the draft
occupied territories in Croatia into the legal, administrative   resolutions on "ethnic cleansing" and the tightening of
and military systems of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.      sanctions against the Bosnian Serbs, we are opposed to
Yet it is being rewarded solely for a half-political gesture     the draft resolution on the easing of sanctions on Serbia
in respect of Bosnia and Herzegovina.                            and Montenegro. We believe that to ease sanctions
                                                                 against Serbia and Montenegro at this juncture would be
     My Government would support the suspension of the           premature, unbalanced and counter-productive. We are
sanctions regime against the Federal Republic of                 not convinced as yet that the border has been effectively
Yugoslavia under a clear programme that would take into          closed, in the absence of an effective mechanism fully to
consideration real progress on the ground and resolution         verify such an action.
871 (1993). The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia’s
recognition of the new States on the territory of the former           We have strong doubts as to whether 135 observers
Yugoslavia, within their internationally recognized borders,     stationed at the border have the capacity to monitor 300
would be an essential first step in such a programme. The        miles of frontier. We are deeply concerned over recent
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has ample capacity to             reports that there have been gross violations of the
impose necessary measures on the ground in Bosnia and            relevant Security Council resolutions, such as the


6

Security Council                                                                                            3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                        23 September 1994

unauthorized flights by Serbian helicopters over northern        and to provide incentives to those that have accepted the
Bosnia. The flights could be carrying military supplies to       plan. The Government of the Republic of Bosnia and
the Bosnian Serbs.                                               Herzegovina has already made numerous and painful
                                                                 concessions by accepting the plan. Yet the five-nation
      It is clear that the present strength of international     Contact Group has failed to stand by its commitments.
observers is inadequate. According to studies conducted          The lack of firm action could be interpreted as a
earlier, the number of people needed to police the border        weakening of the commitment of the five-nation Contact
would involve 4,000 soldiers and a more restricted               Group.
enforcement would require another 800 civilians. We
would need more time to verify the situation on the ground             The five-nation Contact Group has committed itself
and should not take any hasty decision until we are fully        to undertake three steps on the basis of the rejection of
convinced that there have been no violations or breaches at      the peace plan by the Serb side: intensifying sanctions
the border. Malaysia is disappointed that important              against Serbia and Montenegro, enhancing the exclusion
countries that have the capacity within the Council to apply     zones and lifting the arms embargo on the Government of
judiciousness and proper consideration should permit such        the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Yet what we
a precipitate action in furtherance of the objectives of a few   are considering today is in sharp contrast to and a total
which will only exacerbate the conditions of the Bosnians        reversal of what should have been done following the
defending their country and trying to survive. We are as         rejection of the peace plan by the Bosnian Serbs.
much intrigued as we are appalled by the haste to adopt this
draft resolution.                                                      If the Council is unable to deal effectively with
                                                                 Serbian aggression, how can the general membership have
      The international community cannot, in good                faith in the Council, the United Nations body entrusted
conscience and judgement, ease sanctions on Serbia and           with the primary responsibility for the maintenance of
Montenegro without taking simultaneous steps to relieve the      international peace and security? If the Security Council
difficult military and humanitarian handicaps that the           fails to fulfil its Charter responsibility, the recourse for
Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina             the general membership is to request the convening of a
continues to face. Clearly, before the aggressor is              special session of the United Nations General Assembly
rewarded, the victim must at least be simultaneously             on Bosnia and Herzegovina.
assisted and relieved of the very ominous humanitarian,
military and political consequences of the aggression that             We are alarmed by the accelerated campaign of
persists.                                                        "ethnic cleansing" being implemented by the Bosnian
                                                                 Serbs despite international condemnation, the more recent
      Malaysia is of the view that, before any easing of         examples being in Banja Luka, Bijeljina and Prejedor.
sanctions on Serbia and Montenegro is initiated, the             We wish to call for the immediate cessation of such
international community should ensure the following. The         activity wherever it occurs and whoever commits it.
border monitors should comprise a cross-section of the
international community and be effectively deployed in                 As we talk, the strangulation of Sarajevo by the
sufficient force. Serbia and Montenegro must recognize the       Serbs continues. The people of Sarajevo have been
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within its current            denied water and power and even the food supply-line has
borders. Serbia and Montenegro should fully cooperate            been cut. Is it not a mockery and a travesty of justice
with the International war crimes Tribunal, including the        that, while the so-called countries with influence remain
surrender of wanted suspects for trial. The current safe         ineffectual in assisting the victims, they would in turn
areas/exclusion zones must be effectively defended. The          want to rush to reward the aggressors?
Security Council should lift the arms embargo on Bosnia
and Herzegovina. The imposition of tougher measures as                 Malaysia wishes to express and underline its
envisioned by Security Council resolutions - including           disagreement with the approach taken by the five-nation
resolutions 770 (1992), 771 (1992), 824 (1993), 836 (1993)       Contact Group. The Security Council should be guided
and 913 (1994) should continue so long as "ethnic                by the views of the full membership before taking any
cleansing" persists.                                             step that would lead to the easing of sanctions. We wish
                                                                 to appeal to the Council to reconsider this action. The
     The drafters of the peace plan are obliged to undertake     adoption of the draft resolution on the easing of sanctions
disincentive measures in the event of a rejection of the plan    will be a mistake unless the international community is


                                                                                                                           7

Security Council                                                                                           3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                       23 September 1994

fully convinced, backed by incontrovertible verification, that   between Serbia and Montenegro and the Bosnian
Serbia and Montenegro is really serious and sincere in           territories occupied by the Bosnian Serbs. The sponsors
breaking off political and economic relations with the           of the draft resolution must have assumed and
Bosnian Serbs for rejecting the peace plan.                      subsequently portrayed to the international community
                                                                 that the closure of the border has already been effective.
      The President (interpretation from Spanish): I thank       This is an assumption that has not been substantiated.
the representative of Malaysia for his kind words addressed      There is even information and documentation to the
to me.                                                           contrary. My delegation cannot accept the argument of
                                                                 the draft resolution’s sponsors for easing the sanctions.
    The next speaker is the representative of the Islamic        There are widespread reports of several hundred flights by
Republic of Iran. I invite him to take a place at the            Serbian helicopters over the north-eastern part of Bosnia
Council table and to make his statement.                         in the past week, many of which appear to have
                                                                 originated in Serbia. These flights are in gross violation
      Mr. Kharrazi (Islamic Republic of Iran): Let me            of relevant Security Council resolutions. It is totally
first congratulate you, Sir, on your assumption of the           unjustified to reward the violators with the draft
presidency of the Security Council for the month of              resolution at hand.
September. Your diplomatic skills have given us the
confidence that the Council has been and will be guided               There is no doubt that the existing monitoring
effectively during the current month. I should also like to      regime is ineffective and cannot be relied on as the basis
thank the former Permanent Representative of the Russian         of such an important decision as the easing of the
Federation for the excellent manner in which he conducted        sanctions against the Government of Serbia and
the deliberations of the Council last month.                     Montenegro. Moreover, while the strangulation of
                                                                 Sarajevo and "ethnic cleansing" are being intensified an
      The Security Council has three draft resolutions before    unprecedented rush to adopt at this juncture a draft
it today. We fully support the Security Council’s strong         resolution calling for an easing of sanctions results in
condemnation of all violations of international humanitarian     nothing but the sending of a wrong message to the
law, including in particular the unacceptable practice of        aggressors to continue their acts of aggression, genocide
"ethnic cleansing" by the Bosnian Serb forces, and its           and inhumanity.
reaffirmation that those who have committed or have
ordered the commission of such acts will be held                       My delegation recalls that the European Contract
responsible. We also support the Council’s request of the        Group committed itself to a series of steps, including,
Secretary-General to arrange - and we believe it should be       inter alia, expanding the exclusion zones in Bosnia and
immediately - the deployment of UNPROFOR troops and              Herzegovina and taking appropriate steps towards lifting
United Nations monitors, not only in Banja Luka and              the de facto arms embargo on the Government of Bosnia
Bijeljina, but in many other areas of concern.                   and Herzegovina. My delegation, along with other
                                                                 members of the Contract Group of the Organization of the
      The draft resolution in document S/1994/1084 is the        Islamic Conference, believes
Security Council’s reaction to the incorrigible stance of the
Bosnian Serb forces and their mockery of the entire                   "that the failure of the (European) Contact Group to
international community. The draft resolution has the                 honour its commitments would further encourage
aroma of tightening sanctions against the Bosnian Serbs but           and embolden the aggressor to continue to defy the
not the taste, nor will it work to that end. The draft                will of the international community with impunity."
resolution in question falls hopelessly short of an effective
decision on the part of the Council commensurate with the             Against this background, my delegation believes that
magnitude of Serbian atrocities and stubbornness.                any action now to ease the sanctions against Serbia and
                                                                 Montenegro is premature, unbalanced and counter-The Security Council is also discussing a draft             productive. In our view, before taking any action towards
resolution to ease the sanctions imposed by previous             easing the sanctions a truly effective border-monitoring
resolutions of the Council against Serbia and Montenegro.        mechanism should be established, measures must be taken
Some members of the Council have argued that the                 commensurate with the intensified strangulation of
authorities in Serbia and Montenegro deserve leniency            Sarajevo and "ethnic cleansing" by the Serbs and the
because of their decision to close the international border      previous commitments of the European Contact Group


8

Security Council                                                                                               3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                           23 September 1994

must be fulfilled in a balanced and comprehensive manner           has begun to move towards a federal solution capable of
in order to enable the Government of Bosnia and                    consolidating the peace and reconciliation to which all the
Herzegovina to exercise its right to self-defence on the           inhabitants of the region so earnestly desire.
basis of Article 51 of the United Nations Charter.
                                                                        Unfortunately, this peace initiative, like preceding
      By rewarding the patrons of the Bosnian Serbs the            ones, has been shattered against the usual wall of
Security Council will not be lessening the agonies of the          arrogance and blindness on the Serbian side.
victims of this tragedy. It will not be making a political
step in the right direction. It is in fact a retreat on the part         The rejection of the peace plan confirms that that
of the Security Council in the face of aggression, genocide        party, as well as the forces which support it, have not
and "ethnic cleansing", now combined with artful deception.        relinquished their plans to achieve those goals that were
                                                                   at the very origin of the aggression against the Republic
     The President (interpretation from Spanish): I thank          of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
the representative of the Islamic Republic of Iran for his
kind words to me.                                                       Engaging in a new escalation of hostilities and
                                                                   adopting a defiant attitude towards the international
     The next speaker on my list is the representative of          community, the Bosnian Serbs broke off the fragile truce
Senegal. I invite him to take a place at the Council table         that had prevailed for some months in Bosnia and
and to make his statement.                                         Herzegovina by resuming and intensifying the genocide
                                                                   and "ethnic cleansing" as well as the shelling and
      Mr. Cissé (Senegal)(interpretation from French): The         strangulation of Sarajevo.
delegation of Senegal is happy to see you, Sir, presiding
over the Security Council during the month of September,                 We are all the more concerned since alarming
a task that you are performing with your usual talent and          reports have reached us from various sources of continual
skill. I should like to extend to you our warmest                  air and land crossings by convoys of Serbian helicopters
congratulations.                                                   and trucks of the frontier between the Federal Republic of
                                                                   Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and those territories
     To those congratulations I should also like to add our        occupied by the Serbs in the Republic of Bosnia and
thanks to your predecessor, Ambassador Vorontsov,                  Herzegovina, in flagrant violation of the relevant
Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation, for his        resolutions of the Security Council.
remarkable performance as President last month.
                                                                        These incidents seriously call into question the
      Lastly, I should like to thank all the members of the        credibility of the claims by the Belgrade authorities
Security Council for having allowed me to participate in           regarding the closure of their borders with the territories
this important debate dealing with the tragedy that is taking      occupied by their Bosnian Serb allies, and raise serious
place in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.                   doubts about the effectiveness of the international
                                                                   observer force deployed on the ground.
     The peace plan submitted to the parties to the conflict
by the Western Contact Group on 5 July this year had                     It is obvious that if there is no appropriate response,
roused some hope that a peaceful and negotiated solution           along the lines of the rigorous steps contemplated by the
was finally within our grasp.                                      western Contact Group when it met in Geneva on 30 July
                                                                   last, there is a danger that the attitude of the Bosnian
      Our optimism was particularly warranted because, in          Serbs will bring to naught all the efforts so far made in
keeping with the deep commitment to the ideals of peace            the search for a peaceful solution.
and justice that it has always displayed through all the
critical stages of the Serbian aggression the Government of
the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, in an effort to
arrive at a compromise and at the cost of enormous
sacrifice, had agreed to the terms of the peace plan.

     Further, along with the Croat party, whose courage
and political far-sightedness we should like here to hail, it


                                                                                                                              9

Security Council                                                                                          3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                      23 September 1994

     This is why my delegation believes that in the current           My delegation believes that the three documents
circumstances any decision by the Security Council to relax     before the Council testify to the goodwill of the
the sanctions imposed on Serbia and Montenegro would be         international community and to its continuing persistent
premature, inappropriate and perilous, and likely to            efforts to put an end to the hostilities and to find a
encourage aggression that violates the fundamental              satisfactory solution to this interminable crisis.
principles of the United Nations Charter.
                                                                      The Government of the Republic of Albania
      The situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina seems to us       unswervingly supports the draft resolution providing for
to be sufficiently confused, precarious and dangerous for us    strengthening the sanctions against the Bosnian Serbs,
to appeal to the Security Council to guarantee, before          whose opposition to all the significant efforts of the
taking any decision to relax sanctions, that such a decision    Contact Group we condemn. The Bosnian Serbs’
will neither reward aggression nor help to perpetuate it.       continuing opposition to the various peace plans,
                                                                including the most recent one of the Contact Group, is
     Accordingly, my delegation believes that the Council       undeniably a rejection of the fundamental values
should immediately ensure that the following conditions are     underlying international relations between civilized
effectively met. First, the land and air boundary between       countries. Their total rejection of cooperation, which is
Serbia and Montenegro and the territories occupied by the       hardly new, has for long encouraged consideration by the
Serbs in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina should be       international community of other means available to it to
closed by a force strong enough numerically and technically     impose its desire for peace.
to carry out this delicate surveillance mission effectively.
Secondly, the siege of Sarajevo should be lifted and the city        As regards the draft resolution condemning "ethnic
should be demilitarized. Thirdly, the safe areas should be      cleansing", I must say that we have already spoken out on
extended to cover the entire 51 per cent of territory           a number of occasions against this forcible, inhuman and
allocated to the Croatian-Bosnian Federation.                   medieval method of usurping the territory of other people.

      The President (interpretation from Spanish): I thank            As for relaxing sanctions against the Federal
the representative of Senegal for his kind words addressed      Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro), as
to me.                                                          provided for in the third draft resolution, we are
                                                                convinced that approving that proposal would soon lead
      The next speaker is the representative of Albania. I      to irreversible consequences and result in an escalation of
invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make     the conflict.
his statement.
                                                                      We maintain that any relaxation of sanctions will be
     Mr. Kulla (Albania) (interpretation from French):          abused; it will help the Belgrade regime and prolong the
Allow me at the outset to extend to you, Mr. President, my      crisis that led to the break-up of the former Yugoslavia,
warm congratulations on your masterly conduct of the work       this bloody chapter in modern history. We must not
of the Security Council this month. At the same time, I         forget that this is not the first time the international
should like to express our appreciation to your predecessor,    community has received promises from those who caused
His Excellency Mr. Vorontsov, for the excellent manner in       the entire crisis.
which he conducted the Council’s proceedings last month.
                                                                      Apart from all that, my Government firmly believes
     We also wish to thank all the members of the Security      that what is happening in Bosnia and Herzegovina is only
Council for the invitation to us to express our views on this   the most obvious - and definitely not the sole -
subject.                                                        manifestation of the crisis. Suspending or relaxing
                                                                sanctions against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
      In this open debate, I should once again like to state    (Serbia and Montenegro) must be made conditional on
the position of my Government, which believes that the          resolving the other problems in the former Yugoslavia,
regime in Belgrade is the main instigator of, and the party     particularly in Kosovo, where more than 2 million
really responsible for, the tragedy that has been going on in   Albanians are denied their human rights. Repression,
Bosnia and Herzegovina for the past 30 months.                  murder and plunder are all in a day’s work for the police
                                                                and the State.



10

Security Council                                                                                           3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                       23 September 1994

      Another "ethnic cleansing", slow but relentless, has       Security Council is about to take decisions constitute an
been going on for decades. In Kosovo and Sandjak the             important step in the international peace effort. In
same scenario is taking place: "ethnic cleansing". In those      essence, these decisions by the Council will convey an
areas the international observers are long gone, having been     unequivocal message to the Bosnian Serbs.
driven out by the Yugoslav authorities, but the alarm bells
are still ringing.                                                     First, we condemn the "ethnic cleansing" which the
                                                                 Bosnian Serbs have systematically carried out in the areas
     The President (interpretation from Spanish): I thank        they occupy. This persistent and systematic campaign of
the representative of Albania for the kind words he              terror must stop immediately and those responsible must
addressed to me.                                                 he held personally accountable. In this context, we again
                                                                 emphasize the importance of the work of the International
      The next speaker is the representative of Germany. I       Tribunal set up to punish crimes in the former
invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make      Yugoslavia.      We therefore fully support the draft
his statement.                                                   resolution elaborated by the non-aligned members of the
                                                                 Security Council.
     Mr. Graf zu Rantzau (Germany): Mr. President,
allow me to assure you of my delegation’s full confidence             Secondly, the Bosnian Serbs must realize that they
in your wise counsel and guidance of the Council. I would        will remain totally isolated as long as they block the
also like to express our appreciation for the leadership         peace process and continue the abhorrent practice of
shown by your predecessor, Ambassador Vorontsov.                 "ethnic cleansing." We welcome the tightening of
                                                                 sanctions provided for in the present draft resolution as a
     I speak on behalf of the European Union and its             means to increase the pressure on the Bosnian Serbs to
member States. Finland, Norway and Sweden support this           accept the territorial proposal submitted by the Contact
statement.                                                       Group.

     The crisis in the former Yugoslavia continues to be a             Thirdly, with regard to the third draft resolution,
cause of deepest concern to the international community.         concerning the suspension of certain sanctions against the
The ongoing fighting and bitter hostilities in Bosnia and        Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro),
Herzegovina pose a serious threat to international peace and     we are united in our view that the decision of President
security, causing immense and unacceptable human                 Milosevic to close the border deserves a positive reaction
suffering.                                                       from the international community. Of course, we must
                                                                 have positive proof that the border with Bosnia is and
       From the beginning of the crisis, the European Union      will remain closed to all but humanitarian supplies, in
has consistently worked for the most intensive peace efforts     particular to weapons and fuel. We welcome the
possible on the part of the international community,             arrangements made for the International Conference on
involving the United Nations, the European Union, the            the Former Yugoslavia (ICFY) Mission, as contained in
United States of America and the Russian Federation, to          its initial report, which aim to determine clearly and
ensure the cohesion of their initiatives. Our aim was and        unequivocally whether or not the border closure is
still is to exert the strongest possible pressure in order to    implemented.
bring an end to the war and tensions in Bosnia and
Herzegovina through a negotiated settlement.                           Thus, through the adoption of the three draft
                                                                 resolutions, the Security Council will emphasize today
      On 6 July, the Contact Group submitted a proposal for      that those who choose the course of peace will receive
a territorial settlement to the parties, offering a viable and   our support and those who persist in rejecting peace and
realistic basis for a peaceful solution. The European Union      embracing war will be isolated and prosecuted.
welcomes the fact that the proposed territorial settlement
has now been accepted in full by all sides except the                 The draft resolutions that will be put to the vote
Bosnian Serb party, and strongly urges this party to do          today need a chance to prove their effectiveness. Time is
likewise.                                                        now required for the peace process to achieve the desired
                                                                 tangible results, even though we would all prefer
     The European Union and its member States firmly             immediate results. It would be a tragic mistake to
believe that the three draft resolutions on which the            undermine the search for a negotiated settlement by


                                                                                                                         11

Security Council                                                                                            3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                        23 September 1994

decisions that could have dangerous and unforeseeable            commitment to protect and support the victim and to
consequences.                                                    stand up to the aggressor until the aggressor complies
                                                                 with United Nations resolutions.
      The day must come when the flames of war in Bosnia
are finally extinguished. The time must come when the                 The purpose of the Council’s meeting today is to
peoples and States on the territory of the former Yugoslavia     review the sanctions imposed on the Federal Republic of
coexist peacefully side by side, within internationally          Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro). It has become
recognized borders. The members of the European Union            abundantly clear to world public opinion that there is no
believe that the time has now come for the international         tangible progress on the ground. The situation remains
community to support in full unanimity the intensive peace       unchanged; the capital, Sarajevo, remains cut off from the
effort currently under way.                                      rest of the world. We have heard the statement made
                                                                 today by the Permanent Representative of Bosnia and
      The President (interpretation from Spanish): I thank       Herzegovina: there is no electricity and all basic services
the representative of Germany for his kind words addressed       are at a standstill. Even the bakeries that should provide
to me.                                                           the people with their most basic food, bread, are unable
                                                                 to operate because the Serbs will not permit access for
      The next speaker is the representative of Egypt. I         provisions. This constitutes a violation of Sarajevo’s
invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make      special status as declared by the Security Council.
his statement.
                                                                       The Government army has been stripped of the
      Mr. Elaraby (Egypt) (interpretation from the Arabic):      means of self-defence. The areas designated by the
Thank you Mr. President. Allow me at the outset to               Council as safe areas have been disarmed although they
express my delegation’s sincere congratulations upon your        continue to be under repeated Serbian attacks. The
assumption of the presidency of the Security Council. We         situation of the civilian populace continues to deteriorate,
are fully confident that your well-known wisdom and              and the practice of "ethnic cleansing" persists.
leadership abilities will yield the desired results in the
Council’s consideration of the international crises before it.        All of this requires a firm unanimous international
I should also like to express my thanks to your predecessor,     stand.
Ambassador Vorontsov, the former permanent
representative of the Russian Federation, for his valuable             The delegation of Egypt has several questions for the
efforts during his presidency of the Council last month.         Council. We hope the Council will consider them before
                                                                 it takes a decision on the draft resolution by which it
      Today, the Council resumes its consideration of the        would relax the sanctions. First, what has become of the
situation in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina against      Council’s earlier resolutions with respect to the Federal
the backdrop of developments that have deadlocked the            Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)? Those
international efforts towards peaceful settlement, due to the    resolutions contained provisions and demands that should
intransigence of the Serbian aggressor and the refusal by        have been implemented and complied with before a
that party to heed the behests of international legality.        review of sanctions. Have those resolutions been
                                                                 nullified?
      The continuation of the current situation in Bosnia and
Herzegovina and the inability of the Security Council to              Secondly, has the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
take decisive and immediate measures to rectify that             recognized the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina as an
situation throws into question the credibility of the Council    independent State within internationally recognized
and its ability to serve as the custodian of international       borders, so that the Belgrade authorities may be
peace and security. It also puts the entire United Nations       exonerated with respect to the causes and development of
and the contemporary international system in the balance.        the military conflict in Bosnia?

      We are about to create an historic precedent: unable             Thirdly, it is currently being reported world-wide
to stop aggression, the international community will have        that hundreds of helicopters are flying in the air space of
resigned itself to accepting a fait accompli, thus allowing      northern Bosnia and Herzegovina in stark violation of the
the fundamental aspects of the question to become                no-fly regime for the air space of Bosnia and
obfuscated.     The Council will have relinquished its           Herzegovina. Such intensive air sorties cast doubt on the


12

Security Council                                                                                           3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                       23 September 1994

seriousness and commitment of the Belgrade Government           is able to defend its own territory. The delegation of
with regard to closing its borders with the Serbs in Bosnia     Egypt believes that, in the current power vacuum, the
and Herzegovina. If the Belgrade Government has really          threatened withdrawal of UNPROFOR now or in the
cut its ties with the Bosnia Serbs, why will it not agree to    future would mean, quite simply, clearly and frankly,
effective international military monitoring of its borders      handing over those areas and their unarmed populations
with Bosnia and Herzegovina, as called for by the Council       to the aggressor to be annexed in addition to the other
in resolution 838 (1993)?                                       territory already acquired by force.

     Fourthly, is the Belgrade Government prepared to                 Finally, the Government of the Republic of Bosnia
notify the United Nations that it accepts the designation of    and Herzegovina has shown flexibility and has cooperated
51 per cent of the territory allocated to the Muslim-Croat      with the international community. It has accepted all the
federation as a safe area?                                      successive stages of the plans of peaceful settlement. It
                                                                is time for the Council to pause for reflection, to ponder
     Fifthly, is the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia showing     its responsibilities under the Charter, and to review its
the necessary degree of cooperation with the International      earlier unimplemented resolutions adopted under Chapter
Tribunal for the prosecution of persons responsible for the     VII before it adopts a draft resolution that would relax the
war crimes committed in the territory of the former             sanctions.
Yugoslavia?
                                                                     The President (interpretation from Spanish): I
      My delegation believes that relaxing the sanctions        thank the representative of Egypt for the kind words he
against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is not the           addressed to me.
appropriate step the Security Council should take at present.
If the Council takes this step, it will be sending a wrong            The next speaker is the representative of Turkey. I
signal which would have major negative repercussions.           invite him to take a place at the Council table and to
Rather, the Council should shoulder its historic                make his statement.
responsibility by opting boldly for one of the two following
courses of action:                                                   Mr. Batu (Turkey): It gives me great pleasure to
                                                                congratulate you, Sir, on your assumption of the
      The first is to discharge its Charter mandate and adopt   presidency of the Security Council for the month of
the mandatory measures provided for in Chapter VII of the       September. We are confident that under your able
Charter.     By so doing, the Security Council will             guidance the Council will successfully carry out its
demonstrate that it enforces the implementation of its          responsibilities. I would also like to pay tribute to
earlier resolutions, vis-à-vis the aggressor in every region    Ambassador Vorontsov of the Russian Federation for the
and every situation without any double standards.               remarkable manner in which he conducted the work of
                                                                the Council in August.
     The second course of action should be the enablement
of the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and                       The Council is gathered here once again to consider
Herzegovina to engage in legitimate self-defence by lifting     the ongoing tragedy in Bosnia. On many occasions, we
the arms embargo imposed against it. This would allow           have voiced before this body our deep anguish over the
Member States to provide assistance to that Government to       lack of an appropriate response by the international
enable it to defend its territory in keeping with Article 51    community to the grave situation in Bosnia and
of the Charter, which sets out the right of individual and      Herzegovina. Yet, despite our calls and other similar
collective self-defence.                                        appeals, numerous Security Council resolutions still
                                                                remain unenforced. The abhorrent crime of "ethnic
      The United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR),           cleansing" has been intensified. The strangulation of
in which my country participates, is stationed on the           Sarajevo and other safe areas cannot be stopped. The
territory of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina to          blatant defiance of international law by the aggressors
protect that territory and its population, especially since     continues incessantly. The will of the international
declared safe areas have been disarmed in accordance with       community to put an end to the aggression is still being
Council resolutions. Hence, it is essential for the Force to    tested.
provide genuine protection of those areas until the army of
the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina


                                                                                                                         13

Security Council                                                                                           3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                       23 September 1994

     There are three draft resolutions before the Council.       tightening of sanctions on Serbia and Montenegro. Now
The first draft resolution, which is contained in Security       we are moving in the opposite direction. We are
Council document S/1994/1083, deals with the persistent          concerned that this will be a further blow to the
and systematic campaign of terror and "ethnic cleansing"         credibility of the international community.
perpetrated by the Bosnian Serbs. The second draft
resolution (S/1994/1084) suggests the further political and            We call upon the international community to stand
economic isolation of the Bosnian Serbs. We see both of          at long last by its commitments and start acting
these as timely steps in the right direction. It is vital that   accordingly.       The Government of Bosnia and
these draft resolutions be adopted immediately and               Herzegovina, which has accepted the peace plan in good
implemented effectively.                                         faith, is still looking forward to the fulfilment of the
                                                                 promises made by the five-nation Contact Group. In this
     However, we have serious doubts about the timing and        context, we are expecting true and effective bordercontent of the third draft resolution, contained in Security     monitoring, measures in response to the intensified
Council document S/1994/1085.                                    strangulation of Sarajevo, the expansion of the exclusion
                                                                 zones and appropriate steps towards lifting the de facto
      Serbia’s claim that it has closed its borders with the     arms embargo on the Government of Bosnia and
Serb-held areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina has to be              Herzegovina.
checked effectively. We have observed only a symbolic
step in this respect. The International Conference on the             We strongly urge the Serbian side to stop its
Former Yugoslavia (ICFY) Mission to Serbia and                   genocidal campaign to consolidate its territorial gains and
Montenegro was established a few days ago, on 17                 to accept the peace plan. If they fail to do so, the
September. The scope and status of this Mission are not          Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina should be
clear. The members of this Mission are not even permitted        provided with all the means necessary to exercise its
to be called monitors. How they could control a very long        inherent right to self-defence.
border with such limited manpower and resources is a
question which should be answered adequately.                         The President (interpretation from Spanish): I
                                                                 thank the representative of Turkey for the kind words he
     Despite all these legitimate questions and outstanding      addressed to me.
issues, we have been provided with a "quick fix" report two
days after the establishment of the Mission. The conclusion           In accordance with the decision taken earlier in the
of this report is in direct contradiction with the reports of    meeting, I now invite Ambassador Dragomir Djokić to
independent sources that there have been continuing              take a place at the Council table and to make his
unauthorized helicopter flights between Serbia and               statement.
Montenegro and the Serbian-held areas of Bosnia and
Herzegovina. We have appealed to the President of the                 Mr. Djokić: The Security Council is considering
Security Council to postpone consideration of the draft          today the partial suspension of the sanctions imposed
resolution on easing the sanctions on Serbia in order to         against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. We see this
make a comprehensive investigation possible. Regrettably,        as an important step that is opening new prospects for the
our call has not been given favourable consideration.            acceleration of the peace process in the area.

     At a time when the campaign of "ethnic cleansing" has             On 30 May 1992, by resolution 757 (1992), the
been accelerated and the stranglehold on Sarajevo and other      Security Council imposed sanctions against the citizens of
"safe areas" has been intensified, the easing of sanctions on    the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, unjustly singling
Serbia will constitute yet another wrong signal sent to the      them out as the sole culprits for the civil war in Bosnia
aggressor and will undermine the peace process.                  and Herzegovina. One hundred and twenty weeks have
                                                                 gone by since this unprecedented verdict was passed on
     We must focus our energy on how we could create             an entire nation, without even a right of appeal. The
effective and meaningful enforcement measures for the            peoples of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia were
implementation of the latest international peace plan, which     condemned to total isolation from the contemporary world
was again rejected by the Bosnian Serbs in defiance of the       and thus became victims of collective punishment, which
will of the international community. The five-nation             is in contravention of international humanitarian law.
Contact Group committed itself, in case of rejection, to the


14

Security Council                                                                                         3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                     23 September 1994

      The sanctions against the Federal Republic of            before the overall political settlement was reached, which,
Yugoslavia have been politically motivated and were            indeed, triggered the civil war. Mr. Henry Kissinger,
imposed on the basis of a biased and one-sided                 former United States Secretary of State, said in a
identification of the causes of the Yugoslav crisis and on     commentary in The New York Times of 25 February 1993,
the basis of false premises and misconceptions concerning      that Bosnia was not a nation except in a geographical
the nature and origin of the conflict, and concerning ways     sense. He added that there were no Bosnians per se and
to resolve it.                                                 that it remained unclear why it should ever have been
                                                               thought that the same ethnic groups which had refused to
      By choosing to recognize the results of the referendum   coexist in a relatively large Yugoslavia would be able to
that sanctioned the unconstitutional secession of Bosnia and   coexist in tiny Bosnia. These statements, though belated,
Herzegovina from the former Socialist Federal Republic of      confirmed the position that the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia, in which one of its constituent peoples did not    Yugoslavia has advocated from the very onset of the
take part, the international community, disregarding           Yugoslav crisis.
constitutional provisions, granted the Croats and Muslims
the right to decide on the fate of the Serbian people in            The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has been falsely
Bosnia and Herzegovina.         Thus, the constitutionally     accused of involvement and territorial pretensions towards
guaranteed right to self-determination - one of the            Bosnia and Herzegovina, despite the fact that it repeatedly
fundamental human rights granted to all other peoples of       acknowledged and clearly stated in the Declaration of the
the former Yugoslavia - was denied only to the Serb            Assembly of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia of 27
people. That was one of the major causes of the outbreak       April 1992 that it did not harbour any territorial
of the civil war.                                              pretensions towards any of the republics of the former
                                                               Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
      The international community is well aware of the fact
that the key decision-makers on the recognition of Bosnia           At the time when the sanctions were imposed against
and Herzegovina subsequently conceded that such a              the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia for alleged
decision was wrong and premature and that it directly          aggression, not a single member of the Army of
contributed to the tragic chain of events that followed.       Yugoslavia was outside its territory.

     In a recent interview given to the French paper                 The international community acknowledged soon
Le Figaro, President Mitterrand of France stated               after the imposition of sanctions that the crisis in Bosnia
                                                               and Herzegovina is not a consequence of involvement by
     "that the international community made a mistake          the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, but a true civil war,
     because it allowed the break-up of Yugoslavia before      with elements of inter-ethnic and inter-religious conflict.
     the problem of internal republican borders was
     addressed".                                                    Unfortunately, all those facts were deliberately
                                                               ignored. The sanctions against the Federal Republic of
President Mitterrand also wondered                             Yugoslavia were not only kept in place, but were
                                                               strengthened, although as was widely recognized the
     "why internal administrative borders should               Federal Republic of Yugoslavia clearly supported all
     automatically become internationally recognized ones".    major peace initiatives of the international community.

     Numerous statements of other leading political figures,         Even though the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has
including Lord Carrington, former Chairman of the              never accepted the reasons for which the sanctions were
Conference on Yugoslavia; Cyrus Vance, special                 imposed in the first place, it fully cooperated with the
representative of the Secretary-General; former Italian        international community and has met all the conditions
Foreign Minister Gianni De Michelis; Lord Owen, Co-            contained in the Security Council resolutions.
Chairman of the International Conference on the Former
Yugoslavia; former United States Secretary of State James           The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia has continually
Baker; Jacques Delors, President of the European Union;        made efforts to reach a peaceful and negotiated solution
and Roland Dumas, former French Foreign Minister, to           to the crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
mention but a few, have all underlined the mistake of the
premature recognition of the former Yugoslav republics


                                                                                                                       15

Security Council                                                                                             3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                         23 September 1994

      It should be recalled that the Federal Republic of         Croat-Muslim federation. The sacrificing of peace was
Yugoslavia supported the so-called Cutileiro plan for the        considered by the Government of the Federal Republic of
political and territorial arrangement of Bosnia and              Yugoslavia to be leading to a new and even bigger
Herzegovina, signed by all three ethnic communities of           disaster.
Bosnia and Herzegovina, before the onset of the tragic
conflict. However, even though the Muslim side accepted                It is of particular importance that it has been agreed
the plan at the beginning, it subsequently withdrew its          that the Bosnian Serb entity can establish confederal ties
approval, under the influence of certain foreign Powers.         with Serbia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, just
                                                                 as the Croat-Muslim federation has been allowed to
      The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia did everything in       establish confederal links with the Republic of Croatia.
its power to have the Serbs in Bosnia and Herzegovina
accept the Vance-Owen Plan. Ignoring this fact and in                 There is, however, no doubt that a compromise is
spite of it, by its resolution 820 (1993) the Security Council   necessary, that peace is fairer than war and that life and
decided to tighten the sanctions against the Federal             reason must prevail over death and devastation.
Republic of Yugoslavia.
                                                                      It is indeed this reasoning and logic that has
      The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia supported, and          prompted the Government of the Federal Republic of
the Bosnian Serbs accepted, the so-called Owen-Stoltenberg       Yugoslavia to sever political and economic relations with
Plan, which actually replaced the Vance-Owen Plan,               the Bosnian Serb leadership and to close the border with
subsequently abandoned by its authors. That plan was also        them.
rejected by the Muslim side. The Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia used all its influence with the Serbs in Bosnia              In order to simplify procedures for the unimpeded
and Herzegovina to persuade them to accept the Plan of           dispatch of humanitarian assistance to Bosnia and
Action of the European Union, based on the Juppe-Kinkel          Herzegovina along the borders of the Federal Republic of
initiative, which they did.                                      Yugoslavia, the Federal Government proposed that the
                                                                 representatives of international humanitarian
     The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia gave full support        organizations, together with the Red Cross of Yugoslavia,
to the efforts of the Contact Group for Bosnia and               jointly cooperate at the border crossings. This offer of
Herzegovina in its search for a peaceful solution within the     the Yugoslav Government has been accepted, and
framework of the Geneva Declaration. The following               members of the humanitarian Mission of the International
question should be asked: how was it possible, then, that        Conference on the Former Yugoslavia are already in the
the sanctions were imposed only against the Federal              field.
Republic of Yugoslavia, while Croatia has deployed its
regular forces in the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina             At a time when the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
with total impunity?                                             wholeheartedly supports the plan of the Contact Group,
                                                                 even though it is not a party to the conflict, and is making
      The Yugoslav Government and the leaders of its two         the utmost efforts to reach a peaceful solution to the crisis
republics have publicly urged the Bosnian Serbs to accept        in Bosnia and Herzegovina, it stands to reason that the
the plan of the Contact Group as a way of enabling the           Security Council should lift the sanctions as a matter of
resumption of the peace process. The Federal Government          urgency.
has asked the Bosnian Serb leadership to show its
commitment to peace and the peace process by taking an                Further insistence on the collective punishment of
unequivocal, positive stand on the Contact Group’s               the people of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, coupled
proposals. In the choice between accepting a compromise          with the insistence of certain countries on the lifting of
peace or an escalation of the war, the Federal Republic of       the arms embargo on Bosnia and Herzegovina, is an
Yugoslavia has never hesitated to choose the option of           absurd policy. It would inevitably further inflame the
peace. Although it cannot be said that the Contact Group         conflict, with unforeseeable consequences, not only for
took into consideration some major interests of the Serb         Bosnia and Herzegovina, but for the region as a whole,
people in Bosnia and Herzegovina, equally it cannot be said      which, we are confident, cannot be the goal of the
that it has turned against them. The plan in fact makes          Security Council.
official the Bosnian Serb entity by acknowledging the Serb
Republic and guaranteeing its borders with the


16

Security Council                                                                                           3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                       23 September 1994

      The Government of the Federal Republic of                  solution that is not satisfactory to one side will only
Yugoslavia considers that a decision to partially suspend the    further escalate the conflict. Any other option is fraught
existing sanctions represents an important shift in attitude     with risks and unforeseeable consequences, not only to
towards Yugoslavia. However, only partial lifting of the         the warring parties in Bosnia and Herzegovina but to the
sanctions does not represent an adequate response to the         international community as a whole.
constructive role and contribution of the Federal Republic
of Yugoslavia in the process of a search for a just and                Despite the fact that the international community has
lasting solution to the crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.        taken an unfounded negative stance towards the Federal
                                                                 Republic of Yugoslavia, the Government of the Federal
      The decision to open for civilian transport the airport    Republic of Yugoslavia shall continue, as it has done so
in Belgrade and the ferry service between Bar on the             far, to make its utmost contribution to the peace process
Montenegrin coast and Bari in Italy and suspend the              in Bosnia and Herzegovina as well as to the resolution of
sanctions in sports and culture is certainly a step in the       all outstanding questions in the territory of the former
right direction, though very modest in scope. International      Yugoslavia, deeply convinced that there is no alternative
cooperation in sport, culture and science represents a           to peace.
significant part of the heritage of mankind, and should not
be subject to any barriers.                                            In conclusion, allow me to state the following. My
                                                                 delegation expresses regret that some countries have taken
      What is really needed now is the complete lifting of       advantage of this meeting to repeat their well-known
all sanctions, which the Security Council should consider as     allegations against the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
a matter of urgency. That would be the quickest and best         based on arbitrary presumptions without foundation. Such
way of obtaining a final political solution to the crisis in     positions, the purpose of which is primarily to satisfy
Bosnia and Herzegovina.                                          domestic political and propaganda needs - and which
                                                                 indeed deserve no answer - do not contribute to ending
     It is therefore very unfortunate that the conditions are    the ethnic and civil war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. On
set for the ultimate and absolute lifting of all sanctions       the contrary, they generate a further fanning of the flames
exclusively in the function of maintaining political pressure.   of war, the consequences of which are increasingly being
The international community, through the Security Council,       felt by the innocent civilian population.
continues the practice of punishing the citizens of a
sovereign country for events over which it has no control.              Peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina cannot be achieved
Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations certainly       through one-sided accusations and irrational demands to
should not be used for that kind of political manoeuvering.      lift the arms embargo from one party to the conflict. The
                                                                 only solution is a political one based on the interests of
     Furthermore, it is even less understandable and is          all three constituent peoples in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
indeed unacceptable to link further suspension of the            reached through three-way negotiations, since, as I have
sanctions with conditions that were not valid at the time        stated, there is no alternative to peace in Bosnia and
they were imposed or that have no connection with the            Herzegovina.
resolution of the crisis in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
                                                                      The President (interpretation from Spanish): The
      The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia rightly expects         next speaker is the representative of Canada. I invite her
that, with the adoption of this draft resolution, the process    to take a place at the Council table and to make her
of lifting all forms of sanctions will gather momentum and       statement.
that the legitimate rights of the Federal Republic of
Yugoslavia in the United Nations and other international              Mrs. Fréchette (Canada): As this is the first time
organizations will be restored so that it can be fully           my delegation is speaking since you assumed the
reintegrated into the international community.                   presidency of the Council, Sir, permit me to offer you our
                                                                 sincere congratulations and to pledge our fullest
      The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia firmly believes in      cooperation. We know you will bring great skill and
the ongoing peace process. We appeal to the Contact              fairness to the task.
Group to continue its work in order to reach as soon as
possible a final solution that would accommodate the vital           I also congratulate and thank your predecessor, the
interests of all three sides in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Any      former Permanent Representative of the Russian


                                                                                                                         17

Security Council                                                                                          3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                      23 September 1994

Federation, for his excellent conduct of the work of the              To the Bosnian Serbs these draft resolutions say
Council during the month of August.                             clearly: "Your intransigence will not prevail." Canada is
                                                                pleased that the Security Council is choosing to approve
     A few hours ago, following an extensive debate in          increased sanctions on Pale while condemning "ethnic
Parliament, the Canadian Government announced that it           cleansing" in Banja Luka and Bijeljina. Canada and all
would renew its current contribution to the United Nations      Canadians abhor this repugnant policy; we will be unable
Protection Force (UNPROFOR) for a period of six months.         to entertain normal relations with Serbian representatives
The Government made this decision, pending the Council’s        until this practice ceases. All Serbs should recognize
views on mandate renewal, after extensive reflection.           their responsibility to ensure that their name is not
                                                                irretrievably sullied by these outrages.
     This was not a routine or easy matter. We know the
considerable challenges facing the United Nations and           (spoke in French)
Member States in the former Yugoslavia. Our own peacekeeping tradition heightens our concern that the United              Canadians have considerable experience on the
Nations and Canadian peace-keepers should be a force for        ground in Bosnia, Croatia and the Former Yugoslav
peace, not an excuse for inaction or delay.                     Republic of Macedonia. We know that it will be difficult
                                                                to achieve lasting peace. We do not and will not accept
     We understand that there is no shortcut to a durable       any solution based on ethnic exclusivity or the law of the
and fair settlement. All sides must abandon the military        strongest.
option and the expectation that weapons will achieve more
than negotiations. We therefore oppose a lifting of the              Our decision to renew our contribution to
arms embargo because we are convinced that it would             UNPROFOR bears witness to our commitment to the
escalate this conflict, end the humanitarian mission of         United Nations and the principles of our Organization.
UNPROFOR and push back the prospects for peace.                 This commitment takes it for granted that these draft
                                                                resolutions will be implemented in good faith and in the
      We believe that the draft resolutions before the          service of peace.
Council today represent small but significant steps towards
a negotiated solution.       They speak to a concerted               The Contact Group has proposed a framework that
international effort to increase pressure on the one party      would allow the parties to cast off the cruel logic of war.
now holding hostage a negotiated settlement, the Bosnian        We urge all parties to the conflict and all those in this
Serb leadership.                                                Chamber not to allow this new chance for peace to slip
                                                                by yet again.
     The draft resolution easing sanctions on Belgrade is a
challenge to Serbian leadership in the Federal Republic of           The President (interpretation from Spanish): I
Yugoslavia: "Stand by your commitments". We appreciate          thank the representative of Canada for her kinds words to
the concerns of some members of the Council in this             me.
regard. International observers, small in number for a long
and inherently porous border, have only just arrived in the          The next speaker on my list is the representative of
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia. Canadians will soon be          Jordan. I invite him to take a place at the Council table
among them.                                                     and to make his statement.

      We say to Belgrade: "We welcome your acceptance                 Mr. Bataineh (Jordan) (interpretation from Arabic):
of the Contact Group plan because it is key to your winning     I should like to congratulate you, Sir, on your assumption
back the confidence of the international community. We          of the presidency of the Security Council this month. We
are counting on your close cooperation with the Mission of      are quite sure that, thanks to your competence and
the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia.          wisdom, you will conduct the Council’s proceedings
There must be no easing of border controls or leakage,          successfully.
particularly with military-to-military contacts and along the
Montenegrin border. We are pleased the draft resolution              Our thanks go also to your predecessor for the
provides for frequent and periodic review."                     successful manner in which he conducted the Council’s
                                                                work last month.



18

Security Council                                                                                            3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                        23 September 1994

      The Security Council has held several meetings and               If the Council has made up its mind to take that
adopted numerous resolutions in an attempt to address the        measure which will reward the aggressor on the basis of
tragic situation of one United Nations Member State, the         mere promises that it will change its conduct in the
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. Regrettably, this            future, we can only ask you to think of the victims and to
tragic situation is affecting the sovereignty and territorial    extend to them some of the largesse you shall generously
integrity of that Member State and has inflicted many            lavish on the aggressor in order, at least, to make it
violations of human rights on its people, the victims of         possible for the victims to bear the negative results of the
waves of ethnic cleansing with their attendant atrocities of     benefits that will accrue to the aggressor. We do hope
mass murder, rape and trampling of human dignity.                that, should the Council see fit to relax sanctions against
                                                                 Serbia and Montenegro, the Council may see fit also to
      The Security Council, the international body trusted       adopt measures that would help the Government of
with the maintenance of international peace and security,        Bosnia and Herzegovina to mitigate the human suffering
has failed completely to discharge its responsibilities with     of its people and to address the defence difficulties it
regard to the problem of Bosnia and Herzegovina, despite         faces as a result of the continuing Serbian aggression. In
its powers and competence under the Charter in all matters       short, any review of the sanctions regime against Serbia
pertaining to international peace and security and in            and Montenegro must embrace other concomitant
situations that far exceed in complexity the situation in        measures that would, include effective border monitoring
Bosnia and Herzegovina. My delegation has spoken on this         by the international community and aerial surveillance.
matter in every meeting held by the Security Council and         The Security Council must make public all violations that
everyone is familiar with our point of view. What is new,        occur.
and what I should like to discuss on this occasion has to do
with the new and potentially dangerous tendency in the                Serbia and Montenegro must also recognize the
Council’s handling of the dimensions of this tragedy. That       Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina within its present
tendency, as we see it, could complicate matters and push        borders. Failing this, Serbian acceptance of the peace
the situation to the brink. We speak here of the Council’s       plan will be no more than a tactical ploy.
tendency to reward the indirect aggressor, Serbia and
Montenegro, and to strengthen the position of the direct               If the Council reconsiders the question of sanctions,
aggressors the Bosnian Serbs by allowing them to tighten         it must do so in such a way as to obtain Serbia’s
their grip on their victim.                                      agreement to cooperate with the International Tribunal on
                                                                 war crimes in bringing the accused before the Tribunal.
      The reward I have just mentioned is the Council’s          We also believe that there is a crying need for action to
willingness or the Council’s intent to relax its sanctions       put the safe areas in a better position to defend
against Serbia and Montenegro, the aggressor State, on the       themselves effectively and to put an end to violations and
basis of promises made with regard to an alleged closing of      acts of aggression against those areas, especially since the
its borders with the Serbian side in Bosnia, to prevent the      number of such acts of aggression has increased while
flow of weapons. Jordan, however, does not see any new           UNPROFOR takes no action against the aggressors, thus
development that would justify the rewarding of such             only encouraging NATO forces not to take the necessary
promises. There are dangerous elements involved here that        action.
relate to the grave imbalance in the balance of power
between the Bosnian Serbs and the Bosnian Moslems.                    The Council must also reconsider the lifting of the
Even if we choose not to believe the various international       arms embargo imposed on Bosnia as a means of forcing
reports, especially those by UNPROFOR, which throw into          the Serbs to accept the peace plan and of enabling Bosnia
doubt the closing of the borders between those two States        to face the situation of siege and occupation.
and the halting of the flow of strategic material, we cannot
ignore the physical aspects of the situation that justify such         In asking the Council to take the measures we have
doubts, such as, inter alia, the construction of secondary       just indicated, we would also remind the Council that, the
and temporary roads and bridges, whose sole purpose must         Contact Group had committed itself, if the Serbs rejected
be the illegal transportation of weapons. We must not            the Peace Plan, to tighten sanctions against Serbia and
ignore also the press reports on sorties by Serbian              Montenegro, to strengthen the security of the safe areas
helicopters over northern Bosnia over the past few weeks.        and to lift the arms embargo imposed on Bosnia and
We cannot disregard the possibility that those helicopters       Herzegovina. In the very least, since none of this has
may have been transporting war material.                         been done, and the exact opposite may well be done, the


                                                                                                                          19

Security Council                                                                                            3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                        23 September 1994

measures I have just indicated should be put in place before    undoubtedly, deserving of a certain priority. What is
any relaxing of sanctions on the Serbian side, takes place.     lacking in it is that it fails to recall the fact that the
                                                                United Nations must take practical steps to ensure that an
     The President (interpretation from Spanish): I thank       end is put to "ethnic cleansing". Otherwise, all the efforts
the representative of Jordan for the kind words he              that have been put forth by the Security Council so far
addressed to me.                                                would be virtually nullified.

     The next speaker on my list is the representative of            The draft resolution contained in document
Afghanistan. I invite him to take a place at the Council        S/1994/1085, which calls for the relaxation of the
table and to make his statement.                                sanctions imposed on Serbia and Montenegro, is clearly
                                                                premature. It is a hasty initiative that was put together
      Mr. Farhadi (Afghanistan) (interpretation from            before there were adequate guarantees that earlier evils
French): Once again, since I am, I believe, the last speaker    would not be repeated. This is something that did not
in this part of our debate, I should like to pay a tribute to   deserve such high priority. We are not convinced of the
you, Sir, and to the very wise and skilful way in which you     veracity or the sincerity of the political statements we
have been conducting the work of the Council over the past      have heard from Belgrade.
month. Our appreciation goes also to your predecessor,
Ambassador Vorontsov, for the noteworthy work he                      Border closings - effectively implemented - are
accomplished when he was the President of the Council           clearly necessary in places where Serbia has a common
during the month of August. His skills are indeed well          frontier with areas occupied by the Bosnian Serbs.
known to all of us.                                             Moreover, unauthorized helicopter and plane flights
                                                                should be prevented: this is also very important.
      We believe that the Security Council must take            Controlling the situation on the ground remains a key
account of, and attentively consider, in a trusting way, the    practical problem. What is provided in this draft
statements that were made by the Ambassador of Bosnia           resolution does not seem to convince the Council that the
and Herzegovina. What Ambassador Sacirbey said is               territory is secure.
important, not only with respect to the position to be taken
by Council members when these draft resolutions are voted             It is equally important for the Security Council, and
on, but also for the future. Likewise, the Ambassador of        for the United Nations, once again to concern itself with
Croatia and the Ambassador of Albania have given us very        what is happening in Sarajevo. It is essential to help its
important information - information that is very reliable       citizens to be able to walk on its streets in safety, to fetch
because they are on the spot in this region. As to what the     water and food without fear of snipers. Obviously, there
Ambassador of Albania told us about Kosovo and Sandjak,         is also the question of food, electricity and other such
I must say that such problems have to be dealt with in a        necessities, to which our colleague from Bosniatimely manner. Things should not be allowed to reach a          Herzegovina referred.
stage where we say that yes, it is important, but it is too
late.                                                                 There is a draft resolution that should have been
                                                                before us but which is not, and that is one lifting the arms
     Another speaker, Ambassador Djokić, also expressed        embargo - arms which the Bosnians need for their
his desire to see an acceleration of the peace process, but     legitimate defence. This was referred to by Ambassador
he accused the Security Council of taking actions on the        Djokić as an absurdity, but, in fact, maintaining the
basis of prejudice and on erroneous premises. In addition,      embargo on arms supplies imposed on Bosnia and
he was also deliberately eclectic when he gave partial          Herzegovina is a way for the Security Council to persist
quotations from statements made by Heads of State and           in something illegal, and thereby to become responsible
Government and prominent persons from countries that are        for everything that is happening, including "ethnic
members of the Security Council in a way that, clearly, is      cleansing", in that country.
not particularly commendable.
                                                                     My delegation has on several occasions here
      The draft resolution contained in document                expressed its view that the Security Council never
S/1994/1083, regarding "ethnic cleansing", has come very        intended that resolution 713 (1991) should, by extension,
late in the day, and indeed there is an element of paradox      be applied to Bosnia and Herzegovina. No resolution
here in terms of priorities.    This draft resolution was,      emanating from the Security Council or from any other


20

Security Council                                                                                            3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                        23 September 1994

legal authority should in any way usurp or in any way                 We have all repeatedly reaffirmed our support for
restrict the rights of Bosnia and Herzegovina under the          the territorial integrity and political independence of
Charter, and specifically the provisions on legitimate           Bosnia and Herzegovina. A vital corollary to this
individual or collective self-defence set forth in Article 51.   affirmation is that all actions and declarations made under
                                                                 duress with regard to land ownership be declared null and
     No embargo remains valid under international law if         void, thus facilitating the return of displaced persons.
there is clear proof that maintaining the embargo in
question promotes genocide. Recent events in the north of              In light of the situation, and while we support the
Bosnia and Herzegovina testify to this fact.                     strengthening of measures to tighten sanctions and the
                                                                 draft resolution on "ethnic cleansing", Bangladesh
    The President:       I thank the representative of           believes that any resolution that would lead to the easing
Afghanistan for his kind words addressed to me.                  of sanctions would not only be premature but also
                                                                 counter-productive. From a practical point of view we do
     The next speaker is the representative of Bangladesh.       not believe that it would be possible to successfully
I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to         monitor the borders unless the presence of UNPROFOR
make his statement.                                              is strengthened.

     Mr. Rahman (Bangladesh): I join my voice with                     The stated objective of the international community
those of others in congratulating you, Sir, on your              has been to assist the parties in achieving a negotiated
assumption of the presidency for this month.          My         settlement acceptable to all sides. In view of the past
delegation would also like to pay tribute to your                history of backtracking and duplicity, which has resulted
predecessor, Ambassador Vorontsov of the Russian                 in creeping dismemberment of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
Federation, for the manner in which he conducted the work        we believe that we must intensify rather than ease the
of the Council last month.                                       pressure for a settlement. Any obstacles in the path of a
                                                                 negotiated settlement must be met with the threat of
       Speaking at this late stage in the debate, I will be      intensified sanctions, the expansion of exclusion zones
brief. Bangladesh remains deeply concerned over the              and, ultimately, the lifting of the arms embargo, so that
situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The past history of         the people of Bosnia and Herzegovina can exercise their
armed aggression, genocide, the series of acts that have led     inherent right to self-defence. We believe that anything
to indiscriminate bombings, the use of poisonous gases,          less would be tantamount to appeasement and be a
"ethnic cleansing", the continuing violation of international    setback in efforts towards a negotiated settlement.
humanitarian law shows that in this region human suffering
is still writ large.                                                 The President: I thank the representative of
                                                                 Bangladesh for his kind words addressed to me.
      We have all welcomed the cease-fire arrangements in
Sarajevo and surrounding areas. Yet the violations of the              I should like to inform Members of the Council that
cease-fires, the use of heavy artillery, the indiscriminate      I have received a letter from the representative of Tunisia
attacks on the United Nations Protection Force                   in which he requests to be invited to participate in the
(UNPROFOR) personnel still continue. The common aim              discussion of the item on the Council’s agenda. In
of enforcing a comprehensive cessation of hostilities and of     conformity with the usual practice and with the consent
extending safe havens all over Bosnia and Herzegovina is         of the Council, I propose to invite that representative to
far from being realized. There is still a real need to take      participate in the discussion, without the right to vote, in
appropriate measures to strengthen UNPROFOR, to ensure           accordance with the relevant provisions of the Charter and
prevention of further aggression and access to humanitarian      rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure.
assistance, and especially to ensure unimpeded access by
the Special Representative of the United Nations Secretary-           There being no objection, it is so decided.
General, UNPROFOR, the Office of the United Nations
High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), and the                       At the invitation of the President, Mr. Abdellah
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) to many               (Tunisia) took the place reserved for him at the side
of the beleaguered areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina.                   of the Council Chamber.




                                                                                                                          21

Security Council                                                                                          3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                      23 September 1994

     The President (interpretation from Spanish): The           grave time, when its own credibility is at stake and when
next speaker is the representative of Tunisia. I invite him     peoples have pinned their hope upon its fairness and
to take a place at the Council table and to make his            objectivity and expect a reaction commensurate with the
statement.                                                      double-dealing and bad faith of the aggressor. The
                                                                United Nations would lose much of its authority if, in the
     Mr. Abdellah (Tunisia) (interpretation from the            guise of imposing new sanctions against the aggressor, it
French): On behalf of my delegation, allow me first to          were to lift sanctions designed to make it change its
congratulate you, Sir, on your assumption of the presidency     policy and abandon its annexationist aims and inhumane
of the Council for the month of September and on the            practices. Any measure that runs counter to international
exemplary manner in which you are guiding its work.             law as established by the Security Council can only
                                                                gravely compromise a just and lasting settlement of the
      Once again, the Security Council is discussing a          Bosnian question, jeopardize the independence,
question that continually tugs at the world’s conscience.       sovereignty and territorial integrity of Bosnia and
We would have liked for this lofty body, after all the          Herzegovina and substantially delay any chance for peace
resolutions it has adopted and after all the appeals it has     and stability in the region.
made to the Serbian party to abide by international law - to
have conducted a thorough review of its actions and the              The President (interpretation from Spanish): I
realities on the ground. It would have then come to the         thank the representative of Tunisia for the kind words he
conclusion that its numerous demands on the aggressor had       addressed to me.
not produced the slightest result. What is worse, the
aggression is still continuing.                                      It is my understanding that the Council is ready to
                                                                proceed to the vote on the three draft resolutions before
     The Serbian forces persist in their arrogance and          it. Unless I hear any objection, I shall put the draft
continue to rage against the civilian populations of the        resolutions to the vote.
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The repugnant
practice of "ethnic cleansing" continues with the same               There being no objection, it is so decided.
intensity as in the past.
                                                                    I shall first call on those members of the Council
      Sarajevo remains a hostage, and the Serb war machine      who wish to make statements before the voting.
implacably advances towards other areas, Banja Luka and
Bijeljina, with all its attendant terror and atrocities. Even        Mr. Olhaye (Djibouti): At the outset, Sir, I wish to
the personnel of the United Nations Protection Force            congratulate you most warmly on your assumption of the
(UNPROFOR) and the staff of humanitarian organizations          presidency of the Council for this month. We are
have not been spared and continue to be exposed to              confident that your sound diplomatic skills will continue
provocations and danger. This tragic situation, which           effectively to guide us. Equally, we would like to express
seems to have no end, has taken a heavy toll.                   our deep gratitude to your predecessor, Ambassador Yuliy
                                                                Vorontsov of the Russian Federation, for the exemplary
     It is not a situation that would seem to justify easing    manner in which he conducted the work of the Council
the sanctions against Serbia and Montenegro, which is           last month.
solely responsible for this gangrene spreading through
Europe and threatening international peace and security.              With over three years of hostilities in Bosnia behind
Only yesterday we all heard that Bosnian air space had          us, it is still impossible to discern patterns of action by
been violated by military aircraft dispatched by Belgrade -     the major players and to anticipate what, if anything, to
not for the purpose of distributing assistance, not for the     expect next. The Contact Group has fashioned a land
purpose of uncovering abuses, but simply to sow terror          settlement plan which, although flying in the face of
among the inhabitants and to defy international public          nearly every Council resolution condemning aggression
opinion.                                                        and the acquisition of territory by force as unlawful and
                                                                totally unacceptable, nevertheless awards the Bosnia Serbs
      Is it logical to reward the aggressor, the prime author   49 per cent of the land of Bosnia.
of "ethnic cleansing", who continues to defy the
international community? We do not think that is the                In the expectation, no doubt, that the difficult party
message the Council should be sending to Serbia at this         would be the Bosnian Government, the message was sent


22

Security Council                                                                                            3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                        23 September 1994

that terrible consequences would befall the side that refused    Yugoslavia as a reward for its promise to enforce new
this final proposal. Almost unexpectedly, the Bosnian            sanctions against Bosnian Serbs. We hope that becomes
Government accepted the proposal, while the Bosnian Serbs        a certainty. But what will the Bosnian Government
rejected it outright. We are now witnessing the familiar         receive in return for its prompt acceptance? Will steps be
repetition of history and events in Bosnia. The Bosnian          taken to remedy the onerous military and humanitarian
Serbs have begun with a predictable display of wild,             imbalance? Will the former Republic of Yugoslavia
outrageous confrontation, turning off all services to            recognize Bosnia within its current borders? Will the
Sarajevo - where there is now no water, gas or electricity -     former Republic of Yugoslavia agree to cooperate with
 and resuming sniper attacks and the shelling of civilians       the international war crimes Tribunal and surrender
and of the airport, thus continuously disrupting and             identified suspects for trial? Will Bosnia’s safe areas and
obstructing humanitarian-aid flights and visits by notables      exclusion zones be more effectively protected, particularly
such as the Pope and the Defense Secretary of the United         in the light of the heightened aggression? Will the siege
States.                                                          of Sarajevo and other safe areas be broken?

      We might add to this long list the closing of the "blue          These are some of the crucial issues that ought to
route", the only access road for United Nations convoys.         have been substantially addressed before embarking on
We might also mention the defiant movement of heavy              this fortuitous exercise of easing sanctions, an exercise
weapons into weapons-exclusion zones, and the open               which we find very troubling, untimely and unjust.
violation of the ban on flights in the no-fly zones. But,
worst of all, the resumption of "ethnic cleansing" in several          In view of the unabated belligerence and total
areas, driving out thousands of Muslims through rape,            defiance of the Bosnian Serbs and their persistent pursuit
terror, brutality, detention and forced labour, is a cause for   of the abhorrent practice of "ethnic cleansing", sanctions
deep consternation. Even the Red Cross has labelled the          against them are clearly imperative, and my delegation
situation as intolerable, abominable and a negation of the       therefore will support the relevant draft resolutions before
roots of humanitarian law.                                       us. However, we have many grave problems and doubts
                                                                 with respect to the draft resolution calling for partial
      With history as their guide, the Bosnian Serbs             lifting of sanctions against Serbia and Montenegro in
obviously seek to panic the international community. They        advance of actual performance and demonstration of good
intend first to draw attention away from their rejection of      faith. We have found little consolation in the reports of
the settlement plan and then to make us attempt to appease       new violations, particularly the hundreds of military
them with yet another offer. After all, with over 50             flights at night. The consummate arrogance of their
resolutions adopted but seldom enforced, the official            timing to coincide with the Council’s consideration of this
acceptance of the territorial settlement proposed by the         draft resolution is a measure of the contempt in which
Contact Group naturally faces a similar fate. Hence the          these people hold the international community. To
stunning proposal to reward Milosevic and the rump               reward such behaviour would violate the remaining
Yugoslavia in advance for their promise to strictly enforce      honour the United Nations retains in this whole episode.
the sanctions against fellow Serbs in Bosnia. Certainly,
with his credentials, Milosevic should be required to                  My delegation will therefore find it very difficult to
perform prior to payment. And, remarkably, he initially          lend its support to any draft resolution calling for the
expected us to take his word on the enforcement, rejecting       partial lifting of sanctions at the present moment.
outside monitors or observers. Although he finally agreed
to an initial 135 "viewers" as we may call them - since he            The President (interpretation from Spanish): I
finds the terms "monitor" or "observer" politically incorrect    thank the representative of Djibouti for the kind words he
- this is a far cry from the 4,000 military monitors that the    addressed to me.
United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) feels are
necessary, or even the minimum 800 it says could perhaps               Mr. He Yafei (China) (interpretation from Chinese):
do the barest minimum job if they had complete freedom           First of all, I wish to join my colleagues in the Council in
of action, which the 135, working through the police of the      congratulating you, Sir, on your assumption of the
former Republic of Yugoslavia, do not.                           presidency of the Council for this month. I am confident
                                                                 that you will provide excellent guidance for the successful
      One of the draft resolutions before us calls for the       completion of the work of the Council for the month. At
partial lifting of sanctions against the former Republic of      the same time, I would request the delegation of the


                                                                                                                          23

Security Council                                                                                             3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                         23 September 1994

Russian Federation to convey our appreciation to His              the long-term point of view, and bearing in mind the
Excellency Ambassador Vorontsov for his remarkable                fundamental interest of the various ethnic groups in
contribution to the work of the Council last month.               Bosnia and Herzegovina, we should persevere in our
                                                                  efforts to resolve the conflict peacefully, no matter how
      The Chinese delegation is deeply concerned with, and        complicated the matter is or how difficult the solution
wishes to express its strong condemnation of, the grave           appears. Instead of bringing the war to an end, the use of
violations of international humanitarian law occurring in the     sanctions or mandatory measures in that region has
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We strongly urge the          brought enormous suffering to the countries and peoples
party concerned to stop such practices forthwith. We have         of the region and inflicted tremendous losses on the
also noted that the flames of war have recently been              economies of those third countries that implemented
rekindled in Sarajevo and that the humanitarian situation         sanctions, in particular the neighbouring States of the
there is once again deteriorating. We call upon the parties       Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.
to the conflict to stop immediately all their military actions
so as to avoid further deterioration of the situation.                  It is on the basis of this principled position that we
                                                                  will abstain in the vote on the draft resolution on
     Years have passed since the outbreak of the Bosnia           tightening sanctions.
conflict, which has not only brought untold suffering to the
various ethnic communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, but              The President (interpretation from Spanish): I
has also gravely endangered regional peace and stability.         thank the representative of China for the kind words he
The international community should continue to urge the           addressed to me.
conflicting parties to resolve their dispute through peaceful
negotiations. In this connection, the conflicting parties               Mr. Kovanda (Czech Republic): Allow me too to
should show the greatest possible political will in their         congratulate you, Mr. President, on your assumption of
cooperation with the endeavours of the international              office for the month of September and to assure you of
community.                                                        the continuing support of our delegation. I should also
                                                                  like to thank Ambassador Vorontsov, the former
       Since the very beginning of the Bosnian conflict, we       Permanent Representative of the Russian Federation, for
have consistently emphasized that the sovereignty, territorial    his skilful management of the Council’s work last month.
integrity and political independence of the Republic of           His performance was a fitting valedictory after his long
Bosnia and Herzegovina should be respected by the                 years of distinguished participation in the work of our
international community and that the solution to this             Council, and we wish him all the best in his new
conflict can be found only if there is national reconciliation    assignment.
achieved through peaceful negotiations. We have taken
note of the declaration made by the Federal Republic of                Today we are meeting for perhaps the most
Yugoslavia in early August this year that it had suspended        significant of the several meetings we have had this year
its links with the Bosnian Serbs and closed its border with       concerning the former Yugoslavia. We have in front of
them so as to urge the latter to accept the peace plan. We        us a collection of no fewer than three draft resolutions,
are of the view that the international community should           which, to our mind, constitute a package. Having earlier
encourage all the efforts for peace made by all those             signalled our support for the draft resolution condemning
concerned, including the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia.          ethnic cleansing, my delegation is proud to co-sponsor the
                                                                  other two draft resolutions as well.
      The two draft resolutions before us, on condemnation
of the violations of international humanitarian law and on             Civilized people shudder when reading about the
suspension of sanctions, reflect in principle China’s basic       abhorrent practices of "ethnic cleansing". We accord the
position in this regard. We will therefore vote in favour of      Bosnian Serbs the dubious distinction of having enriched
both drafts.                                                      the vocabulary of our respective languages with this term.
                                                                  The world could have lived with a poorer vocabulary, I
      The Chinese delegation would like to avail itself of        am sure. Denouncing ethnic cleansing, wherever and by
this opportunity to reiterate that, in principle, we are not in   whomever, is not new for this Council: most recently
favour of using sanctions or mandatory measures to resolve        we denounced it in a presidential statement
the conflict in the former Yugoslavia, because experience         (S/PRST/1994/50) on 2 September last.          Alas, the
has proved that this will not help solve the problem. From        Bosnian Serbs are deaf and defiant. Not only has ethnic


24

Security Council                                                                                              3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                          23 September 1994

cleansing not ceased, it has escalated in recent weeks, so              While the Bosnian Serbs have been intractably
much so that The New York Times, for one, has described           intransigent, there has been a change in the stance of the
its recent episodes, in the areas of Banja Luka and               Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)
Bijeljina, as the worst in almost two years.                      which I will call FRY for short. In an important policy
                                                                  shift, and by contrast to Bosnian Serbs, the FRY has
      The Council reiterates the personal responsibility of       endorsed the territorial settlement proposed by the Contact
the perpetrators of ethnic cleansing. The International           Group. Additionally, in a measure underscoring the
Tribunal on the former Yugoslavia, slowly though it may           significance of this shift, it has decided to close its border
be grinding its way to justice, will surely get there. Just       with Bosnia and Herzegovina and to allow international
retribution will be meted out to all those responsible.           observers to monitor this border. In this context we wish
                                                                  to express our appreciation to the efforts of participants in
     Perhaps in retaliation for their growing difficulties,       the International Conference on Former Yugoslavia to
Pale has decided to apply a choke hold on Sarajevo and            have FRY’s international border monitored as effectively
paralyse it by cutting of drinking water, electricity, gas and,   as possible, and also to those countries that have
as a consequence, as we have just heard, bread. We warn           promised or have already sent personnel to aid in this
Pale: they do not have a free hunting licence to perpetrate       effort.
any imaginable outrage in the territory they control.
                                                                         Thus, for the first time since the beginning of
      The Bosnian Serb leadership spits in the face of public     hostilities, the political direction of the FRY is uncoupled
opinion and international diplomacy in other ways as well.        from that of the Bosnian Serbs. This development
Time and again, international mediators have come up with         deserves recognition by the international community, and
proposals for a peaceful settlement of the fighting in the        such recognition is awarded in the third draft resolution
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. These proposals may           before us today. It proposes an easing of sanctions
not have been perfect; but realistic, workable solutions of       against the FRY. This proposed easing is slight, perhaps
problems are seldom perfect. Indeed, one sign of a good           even symbolic, opening only one airport, only one port,
bargain is that nobody is completely happy with it. Even          only for civilians, and allowing participation in cultural
so, the Bosnian Serbs have rejected every single proposal         and sporting events.
international negotiators have come up with for ending the
war.                                                                    The easing takes the form of a suspension, rather
                                                                  than the lifting, of sanctions. Consequently, it is an
      Most recently, they have rejected the territorial           easing that can be reversed without much ado, if the
settlement proposed by the Contact Group. This proposal,          change of course by the FRY leadership turns out to be
too, is not perfect. This proposal, too, is nothing better than   temporary, conditional, half-hearted or insincere. Or if,
possibly the best bad deal possible. But its blanket              for example, Belgrade attempts to bypass the blockade of
rejection by the Bosnian Serbs has broken the limits of           Pale by going through Serb-held Croatian territory. Any
international tolerance and patience. Therefore, the next         such activity would trigger a retightening of sanctions.
draft resolution we are considering imposes additional
sanctions on Bosnian Serbs.                                              The leadership of the FRY has been very unhelpful
                                                                  in the past and we will not forget this any time soon. It
      Politically, they will be ostracized. The time for          will have to do a lot to win any greater degree of
political talks is over. They have elected to become              confidence of the international community. One further
international pariahs. Well, then, so be it: that fate is         helpful step, for example, would be to recognize the
their choice. Economically, they will be strangled. Their         independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina
economic intercourse with the rest of the world now               in its international borders, which our draft resolution
becomes illegal; their financial assets will be frozen.           mentions. This is a standing demand of the Republic of
Nevertheless, the draft resolution takes care not to choke        Bosnia and Herzegovina and of the international
off humanitarian supplies of food, medicine and clothing.         community at large. This is a concern that we understand
                                                                  especially well. After all, the Czech Republic emerged
      There is one way out for Pale: accept the territorial       from a double process of disintegration of multinational
settlement proposed by the Contact Group.                         entities, one in 1918 and one in 1992.




                                                                                                                             25

Security Council                                                                                          3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                      23 September 1994

      My delegation feels that by simultaneously slightly      Bosnian Serb forces continue to violate the safe areas, the
easing sanctions on Belgrade and tightening them on Pale,      exclusion zones and the no-fly zones in Bosnia and
whilst leaving no room for speculation that tightening the     Herzegovina, with complete impunity.
sanctions gives Pale any excuse, let alone absolution, for
the crime of "ethnic cleansing", this may help nudge the             The international community, the Security Council
peace process a little further along, even with some of its    and the member States of the European Contact Group,
participants digging their heels in or gritting their teeth.   have failed to respond to this situation by taking strong
The carnage, mayhem and humiliation prevalent in the           and effective enforcement measures, particularly the use
region has finally got to stop.                                of force and air strikes already authorized by the relevant
                                                               resolutions of the Security Council. Their reluctance to
      The President (interpretation from Spanish): I thank     ensure the safety of the safe areas and to enforce the
the representative of the Czech Republic for the kind words    exclusion zones and the no-fly zones has further
he addressed to me.                                            emboldened the Serbs. Recent reports from a variety of
                                                               reliable sources indicate an intensification of the
      Mr. Marker (Pakistan): It is with great pleasure that    campaign of "ethnic cleansing" by the Bosnian Serbs,
I extend to you, Sir, my delegation’s warm congratulations     particularly in Banja Luka, Bijeljina and Prejedor.
on your assumption of the presidency of the Security
Council for the current month. We are confident that with            Furthermore, the Serbs have been blatantly violating
your diplomatic skills and wide experience, of which we        the no-fly zone by conducting hundreds of helicopter
already have considerable evidence, you will continue to       flights between the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
steer the work of the Security Council with distinction. I     (Serbia and Montenegro) and the Serb-held areas in
also wish to take this opportunity to express my               Bosnia. It is reported that such flights have enabled the
delegation’s appreciation to your distinguished predecessor,   Bosnian Serbs to stockpile large quantities of arms and
the former Permanent Representative of the Russian             ammunition, flown from the Federal Republic of
Federation, Ambassador Yuliy Vorontsov, for his leadership     Yugoslavia. While Chapter VII resolutions on Bosnia are
during his presidency of the Council last month.               being violated with utter contempt the international
                                                               community has stood by silently. In return, Serbia and
     My delegation supports the draft resolutions contained    Montenegro is getting what it wants.
in documents S/1994/1083 and S/1994/1084. As for the
draft resolution contained in document S/1994/1085, my               It is abundantly clear that a handful of monitors
delegation has the most serious reservations.                  cannot certify the uncertifiable - that Mr. Milesovic has
                                                               actually cut off links with his Bosnian Serb proxies. But
     When the European Contact Group presented a map           even if several more monitors were to be sent to police
for the allocation of territory between the Bosniac-Croat      this extremely porous border, it would still not justify the
Federation and the Bosnian Serb party to the two sides on      course of action suggested in the draft resolution under
6 July 1994, hopes were engendered for bringing to an end      consideration. We note with deep regret that the
the colossal tragedy in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which is       European Contact Group member States seem to have
now in its third year.                                         weakened their own commitment to tighten sanctions
                                                               against Serbia and Montenegro and to provide protection
     These hopes disappeared when the Bosnian Serb party       to the safe areas and exclusion zones, and that they
spurned this latest peace proposal, as it did in the case of   continue to oppose measures for ending the de facto arms
previous successive peace plans. We strongly condemn and       embargo against the Bosnian Government.
deeply deplore the Bosnian Serb party for its refusal to
accept the proposed territorial settlement, which has been          The international community should not be
accepted in full by the Bosnian Government and the others      hoodwinked by a cosmetic gesture of the Federal
concerned.                                                     Republic of Yugoslavia authorities to allow a limited
                                                               monitoring of its borders with Serbian-held areas in
      Defying the will of the international community, the     Bosnia and Herzegovina. It should not forget that the
Bosnian Serb party has continued its campaign of "ethnic       Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)
cleansing" and genocide against the non-Serb population,       was the author and abettor of despicable crimes against
particularly the Muslims, and has continued to consolidate     the civilian population in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The
its hold on territories seized through the use of force. The   Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is directly responsible for


26

Security Council                                                                                              3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                          23 September 1994

the carnage and massacres of civilians in Bosnia over the          Herzegovina to exercise their basic right of self-defence
last 27 months. It has to date not accepted or recognized          under Article 51 of the United Nations Charter.
the sovereignty, territorial integrity and international borders
of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a State Member of the United                 The President (interpretation from Spanish): I
Nations. The tragedy in Bosnia and Herzegovina started as          thank the representative of Pakistan for his kind words
a result of the direct involvement of the Yugoslav People’s        addressed to me.
Army in Bosnia and Herzegovina and its full support for its
surrogates in that country.                                             Mr. Bakuramutsa (Rwanda) (interpretation from
                                                                   French): My delegation takes this opportunity to
      My delegation is not prepared to consider even the           congratulate and thank you, Sir, for assuming the
partial lifting of sanctions on the Federal Republic of            presidency of the Security Council at the moment when
Yugoslavia unless and until the consequences of its                Rwanda resumed its seat in the Council.
aggression in Bosnia and Herzegovina are reversed and
territories occupied by the use of force are surrendered. In            The delegation of Rwanda has reviewed all the
the present circumstances, the easing of sanctions on the          resolutions adopted by the Security Council on Bosnia
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia is tantamount to appeasing          and Herzegovina as well as the various presidential
and rewarding the aggressor. This would, in our view,              statements made on this subject. It is in this light that my
undoubtedly undermine the peace process and sacrifice the          delegation participated in and supported the drafting of
principles of justice and equity enshrined in the United           the draft resolution contained in document S/1994/1083,
Nations Charter.                                                   submitted by the non-aligned caucus. It is also in that
                                                                   context that my delegation supports the Contact Group in
      At a time when the Bosnian Serbs are defying the will        the draft resolution it has submitted in document
of the international community by maintaining and                  S/1994/1084; we fully subscribe to that draft resolution.
strengthening their stranglehold on various cities of Bosnia
and Herzegovina, including its capital Sarajevo, which are               As to the draft resolution in document S/1994/1085,
designated as "safe areas" by the Security Council, and            submitted by the Contact Group, following consultation
depriving them of such basic amenities as water and                with my Government my delegation should like to inform
electricity, it is most unfortunate that the Security Council      the Council that it presents many advantages and
should consider the partial lifting of sanctions from the          equitable elements for both groups concerned.
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro).            Accordingly, my delegation has no quarrel with the
Before considering such a move, the Security Council               contents of the draft. Nevertheless, since the information
should at least have taken appropriate measures to relieve         available to us suggests that developments on the ground
the prevailing humanitarian catastrophe in Sarajevo. It            in Bosnia and Herzegovina clash with the current policy
should have meaningfully and forcefully responded to gross         of the Rwandan Government with regard to the universal
violations of its resolutions, including resolutions 824           principles of human rights on which our young
(1993), 836 (1993) and 900 (1994).          Further measures       Government would rebuild our country, and since
should have been adopted to declare the entire 51 per cent         previous Security Council resolutions have not been
territory allocated to the Muslim-Croat federation as a "safe      implemented - when the Council itself has urged that they
area". We consider the timing for the submission of this           be implemented - my delegation believes that the
draft resolution to be most inopportune, inappropriate and         adoption of this draft resolution would not be opportune.
premature, and are convinced that it would be counter-             Therefore, my delegation will abstain in the voting on the
productive for the peace process. My delegation will               draft resolution contained in document S/1994/1085.
therefore vote against the draft resolution contained in
document S/1994/1085.                                                   The President (interpretation from Spanish): I
                                                                   thank the representative of Rwanda for his kind words
     Finally, we believe that the continuing vicious               addressed to me.
atrocities committed by Serbia on the non-Serb population
of Bosnia and the dismal inability of the international                Mr. Mérimée (France) (interpretation from French):
community effectively to respond to it make it even more           The adoption of the three draft resolutions before the
imperative that this Council end the de facto arms embargo         Council could mark a turning-point in the handling of the
on Bosnia and permit the people of Bosnia and                      Yugoslav crisis. Indeed, in these three decisions, the
                                                                   Council, we hope, will be taking note of a basic change


                                                                                                                            27

Security Council                                                                                          3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                      23 September 1994

that came about in August. The territorial settlement                 The President (interpretation from Spanish): I
proposed by the Contact Group has now been accepted by           thank the representative of France for his kind words
all parties concerned, with the exception of the Bosnian         addressed to me.
Serbs. This means that, for the first time, the Belgrade
authorities have committed themselves unequivocally to a              I shall first put to the vote the draft resolution
negotiated settlement and have begun to offer concrete           contained in document S/1994/1083.
proof of their determination. It is therefore essential that
we encourage them to continue in this direction.                      A vote was taken by show of hands.

      It is quite natural that the draft resolutions which we    In favour:
will be adopting contain a number of unprecedented                    Argentina, Brazil, China, Czech Republic, Djibouti,
measures against the leaders of Pale - who are now subject            France, New Zealand, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan,
to total economic, financial and human isolation - and send           Russian Federation, Rwanda, Spain, United
a message to the Government of the Federal Republic of                Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
Yugoslavia to make it understand that it pays to cooperate            United States of America
with the Security Council and that it could pay even more
if the leaders of that Government pursue their new policy.            The President (interpretation from Spanish): There
                                                                 were 15 votes in favour. The draft resolution has been
      The adoption of these three texts will also mark a         adopted unanimously as resolution 941 (1994).
defeat for extremists of all stamps. Everyone is aware that
the latter are determined to do anything to impede progress           I shall now put to the vote the draft resolution
in the diplomatic process and that they ardently hope for a      contained in document S/1994/1084.
general resumption of hostilities. On the one hand, some
hope that this will lead to some hypothetical outside                 A vote was taken by show of hands.
military intervention which everyone knows would most
likely come too late. On the other hand, some would see          In favour:
here an opportunity to extend their territorial gains and thus        Argentina, Brazil, Czech Republic, Djibouti, France,
realize their fantasy of a Greater Serbia. In order to obtain         New Zealand, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Russian
these goals, all sides impatiently await a lifting of the arms        Federation, Rwanda, Spain, United Kingdom of
embargo, which would be inevitable - as recalled by the               Great Britain and Northern Ireland, United States of
five Ministers of the member States of the Contact Group              America
in their most recent communiqué from Geneva - if there
were no further prospect of a political solution.                Against
                                                                     None
     France has consistently stated that this lifting of the
arms embargo would be a solution born out of despair. For        Abstaining
the Bosnians, it would mean military defeat, further exodus,          China
more suffering for their people and perhaps the vanishing
of any territorial base for the Government of Bosnia and               The President (interpretation from Spanish): The
Herzegovina. At the same time, a lifting of the embargo          result of the voting is as follows: 14 votes in favour,
would once again condemn the Serbs, united again in their        none against and 1 abstention. The draft resolution has
determination, to remain indefinitely the outlaw among           been adopted as resolution 942 (1994).
nations. Any possibility of a negotiated solution acceptable
to the international community would be put off to some               I shall now put to the vote the draft resolution
distant future.                                                  contained in document S/1994/1085.

    The approach proposed by the Contact Group - and we               A vote was taken by show of hands.
hope that in a few moments it will be endorsed by the
Security Council - is a sensible one. We hope that after         In favour:
months of blindness all parties to the conflict in Bosnia and         Argentina, Brazil, China, Czech Republic, France,
Herzegovina will resolutely commit themselves to it.                  New Zealand, Oman, Russian Federation, Spain,



28

Security Council                                                                                           3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                       23 September 1994

     United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern               these actions will be subject to judgement by the
     Ireland, United States of America                          International Tribunal and responsibility will be decided
                                                                upon on an individual level.
Against:
    Djibouti, Pakistan                                               For those reasons the Republic of Argentina fully
                                                                associates itself with the resolution the Security Council
Abstaining:                                                     has just adopted in document S/1994/1083.
     Nigeria, Rwanda
                                                                     Argentina supports the diplomatic efforts of the
      The President (interpretation from Spanish): The          Contact Group with regard to Bosnia and Herzegovina
result of the voting is as follows: 11 votes in favour, 2       aimed at achieving a peaceful settlement of the conflict.
votes against and 2 abstentions. The draft resolution has       In this connection we urge the reluctant party to accept
been adopted as resolution 943 (1994).                          the solution proposed by the Contact Group, to reconsider
                                                                its position and to re-evaluate the benefits that would
    I shall now call upon those members of the Council          accrue from peace.
who wish to make statements following the voting.
                                                                     We believe that the system of sanctions, which is a
      Mr. Cardenas (Argentina) (interpretation from             part of the political arsenal at the Council’s disposal,
Spanish): Since this is the first time that my delegation has   should be used to promote measures aimed at a peaceful
had an opportunity to speak this month, I should like to        and negotiated settlement and to apply pressure on the
congratulate you, Sir, on your assumption of the presidency     party which, beyond all reason, remains reluctant to
of the Security Council for September. Your diplomatic          accept this settlement. That is what the Council has done
skills and great knowledge will be a guarantee of success       in the resolutions it has adopted today.
in our work.
                                                                     The sanctions provided for under the Charter are
     We have read with great attention the final report of      thus being used as a tool in the service of diplomacy.
the Commission of Experts established by Security Council       Hence, they both have significant political and symbolic
resolution 780 (1992) as well as the reports submitted by       value. The conditions for the adoption or removal of
Mr. Tadeusz Mazowiecki, Special Rapporteur of the               sanctions in each of the cases in this context are clear.
Commission on Human Rights. The policy of intimidation
adopted in Bosnia and Herzegovina against the population             The Council as a whole expects full compliance with
on the basis of ethnic or religious background has been         the commitments entered into by the former Republic of
profusely documented and described in those reports.            Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) with regard to the
Unfortunately, since those documents were issued serious        border with the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
and systematic violations of human rights and international     since such action is of a nature to lead to the kind of
humanitarian law have continued unabated.                       peace that has so far eluded us.

       We are now faced with a new, massive expulsion of             On the other hand, the comprehensive sanctions that
the civilian population in the area of Bijeljina and other      have been imposed by the Security Council are designed
sectors in the north-eastern part of the country. Thefts and    to put an end to the military aggression of the Bosnian
other crimes against property attendant on such expulsions      Serb party, as well as to the atrocities it has perpetrated.
are rampant. We are once again faced with acts of such
gravity that they can be described as crimes against                  Once again, the only path is that of peaceful
humanity.                                                       settlement. We believe that this has always been the
                                                                purpose of the Council, and it has continued to pursue it
     The Republic of Argentina condemns and demands the         today with the adoption of these three important
immediate cessation of the practice of "ethnic cleansing"       resolutions.
committed by the Bosnian Serb forces, the very mention of
which gives rise to indignation given the degree of                  The President (interpretation from Spanish): I
degradation of the human person this practice implies.          thank the representative of Argentina for his kind words
Similarly, we reaffirm the right of all displaced persons to    addressed to me.
return in peace to their former homes. In due course all


                                                                                                                         29

Security Council                                                                                            3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                        23 September 1994

      Mr. Lavrov (Russian Federation) (interpretation from      applications concerning legitimate humanitarian assistance
Russian): Allow me at the outset to add my voice to the         to the former Republic of Yugoslavia.
words of congratulation to you, Sir, and also to sincerely
thank all those colleagues who have transmitted their good             The point of the adoption of the resolution on
wishes to my predecessor, Ambassador Yuliy Vorontsov.           tightening sanctions against the Bosnian Serbs, as we see
I will not fail to transmit those kind words to him.            it, is to have them recognize that there is no alternative to
                                                                a political solution. The quickest way to achieve that is
      The three resolutions adopted today by the Security       to support the territorial settlement plan as a necessary
Council reflect a turning-point in the efforts by the           first step to a comprehensive solution. Their stubborn
international community to find a peaceful settlement to the    policy of confrontation is placing the Bosnian Serb side
bloody conflict in the territory of the former Yugoslavia.      in a state of complete isolation from the outside world,
                                                                whereas agreement with this plan would open broad
      The novelty of the situation is that the Security         possibilities for restoring a peaceful existence.
Council has recognized that there is a clear line of
demarcation between those who are prepared in practical               Russia deems the policy of "ethnic cleansing" to be
deeds to promote a halt to the bloodshed and those who are      repugnant. Together with other members of the Council,
impeding the attainment of peace and rely on force of arms.     we demand its immediate cessation. Accordingly, the
This development is largely due to the positive reaction of     Russian delegation supported the adoption of the
the Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to         resolution that condemns the policy conducted by the
the plan for the territorial settlement for Bosnia and          Bosnian Serbs of expelling non-Serbs from the territory
Herzegovina prepared by the Contact Group. This positive        under their control as well as gross, heinous violations of
reaction was backed by concrete steps: the decision to          international humanitarian law.         Unfortunately, this
close the border with regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina         practice is typical of other parties to the conflict as well.
controlled by the Bosnian Serbs to all shipments, apart from    Russia, therefore, notes in particular the provision of the
humanitarian ones, and also to invite international             resolution that condemns any "ethnic cleansing", of
assistance for the passage over the border of basic             whatever origin, and whoever might perpetrate it. We
humanitarian supplies.                                          deem it extremely important that all parties to the conflict
                                                                take very seriously this firm opinion of the Security
      The resolution adopted on the partial easing of           Council and should prevent any hostilities, violations of
sanctions on the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia sends a         international humanitarian law or provocations in this
clear signal to the effect that the Council is not captive to   decisive period for the peace settlement.
old stereotypes and is prepared properly to re-evaluate the
situation, depending on changes in the policy of the parties,         Russian attaches great importance to further joint
and to encourage those who are trying through practical         efforts by the countries of the Contact Group and the
deeds to achieve peace. At the same time, it is intended to     development of their interaction with the Security Council
increase the isolation of the Bosnian Serbs.                    and with other countries on the basis of the experience
                                                                accumulated in recent months. The situation in Bosnia
      We hope that very soon the Secretary-General will         and Herzegovina remains dangerous.                  Military
submit to the Security Council a report that the Co-            confrontation is still going on; people are dying; innocent
Chairmen of the Steering Committee of the International         civilians are suffering. We deem it essential to step up
Conference on the Former Yugoslavia will certify the            pressure on all parties and to use all available
effective closure of the border, and then the decision on the   opportunities to move towards a comprehensive peace
partial suspension of sanctions will enter into force.          settlement. This settlement, we feel, should be based on
                                                                the territorial settlement plan and also on the
      I want to stress in particular what is contained in       constitutional principles that place all parties on an equal
operative paragraph 5 of resolution 943 (1994): the             footing. In the same context, we deem important the
possibility that the Council would consider further steps to    provisions contained in the two resolutions adopted
ease sanctions in the light of further progress in the          according to the draft of the Contact Group, that is, the
situation. We also deem exceptionally important the             provision on the commitment to a settlement of the
instruction to the Sanctions Committee to adopt appropriate     conflict in the former Yugoslavia through negotiation
streamlined procedures for expediting its consideration of      while maintaining the territorial integrity of all States



30

Security Council                                                                                             3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                         23 September 1994

there within the confines of their internationally recognized    Nations must continue to assist all parties in the region to
borders.                                                         achieve a constructive outcome.

     In the light of the appeals to lift the arms embargo              Mounting evidence, however, has been recently
against Bosnia and Herzegovina, we take a position of            pointing to the very real prospect of a further
principle here that any measure suggested to the Council         deterioration of the dismal situation in Bosnia. Under
should be evaluated in the general context of the settlement     such circumstances, we consider it urgent that the Council
process.    Russia has repeatedly stated its vehement            take additional concrete action in support of those who
disagreement with the demand to lift the embargo, since          demonstrate their readiness to pursue the path of peace.
this step would propel Bosnia and Herzegovina into an            It is with great distress that we have learned, in the past
abyss of even more bloodshed. We continue to believe that        few days, of renewed military activity causing further
this extremely undesirable measure is fraught with a             civilian casualties in Bosnia. Our dismay has been
number of very adverse consequences, one of which would          compounded by reports from the International Committee
be a curtailment of the United Nations peace-keeping             of the Red Cross (ICRC) and other sources of continued
operation.                                                       systematic and widespread violations of international
                                                                 humanitarian law in the area.
     In conclusion, allow me, on behalf of the Russian
delegation, to express the conviction that the resolutions             As the President of the ICRC stated recently, horror
adopted today will make a meaningful and very important          is still a daily fact of life in Bosnia and Herzegovina.
contribution to the attainment of a peaceful settlement for      The atrocities associated with the abhorrent practice
the former Yugoslavia.                                           which has been termed "ethnic cleansing" continues to
                                                                 claim new, innocent victims. We had been hopeful that
     The President (interpretation from Spanish): I thank        the proposals by the Contact Group might have led to
the representative of the Russian Federation for the kind        agreement between the parties on a negotiated settlement,
words he addressed to me.                                        redressing the tide of violence. To our disappointment,
                                                                 however, the unwillingness of one of the parties to
      Mr. Valle (Brazil): Allow me at the outset to              embark on this genuine effort for peace has prevented the
congratulate you, Sir, on your assumption of the presidency      initiative from yielding the results that the international
of the Council. Your well-known professional and personal        community had hoped for.
qualities assure us that the Council will successfully tackle
the difficult questions before it. A word of recognition is            Due note has been taken, on the other hand, of the
also due to your predecessor, Ambassador Vorontsov of the        position of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia
Russian Federation, for his outstanding performance as           and Montenegro) in favour of the proposed territorial
President of the Council during the month of August.             settlement for the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
                                                                 We attribute great significance to the decision by the
     In considering the situation in Bosnia and                  Government of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia to
Herzegovina, the Brazilian Government has been                   break off political and economic relations with the
consistently guided by its firm belief, based on our             Bosnian Serbs of Pale, prohibiting the stay of members of
historical experience, of the possibility of harmonious and      their leadership in the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and
democratic coexistence between people of different ethnic        closing the border to all but humanitarian transport.
and religious backgrounds. We shall continue to abide by         Nevertheless, this attitude is still recent, and its sincerity
our rejection of any policy based on intolerance, violence       must withstand the test of time. It is perhaps still early
and destruction, by respect for the Charter and for              to consider whether or not it is a turning point in the
compliance with all relevant Security Council resolutions.       behaviour of one of the major parties in a dispute which
                                                                 has been marked by persistent reluctance to compromise
     Brazil remains firmly committed to the achievement of       by all parties.
peace in the Balkans and has not failed to lend its
continuing support to efforts directed at improving                    It is therefore paramount that the Mission monitors
conditions for a negotiated settlement to the crisis in Bosnia   at the border keep the Secretary-General and the Council,
and Herzegovina. We have been contributing, with military        through him, well briefed on the effectiveness of this
observers and police monitors, to the United Nations             measure, as it is only their assurances that can give us
Protection Force, and remain convinced that the United


                                                                                                                            31

Security Council                                                                                            3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                        23 September 1994

any certainty that an important source of aggravation in the     to Belgrade airport and the port of Bar in Montenegro,
conflict is being curtailed.                                     and on sporting and cultural exchanges - is a carefully
                                                                 calibrated response by this Council to that decision. The
     Brazil supported the three resolutions that have just       suspension comes into effect only when the
been adopted and stands ready to assist in their                 Secretary-General reports that the Mission established by
implementation. The Committee established by resolution          the International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia
724 (1991) should continue to play its important role in         (ICFY) has certified - and the word is carefully chosen -
overseeing sanctions as well as in ensuring the distribution     that the border is effectively closed. And it will terminate
of legitimate humanitarian aid to the afflicted.                 promptly and without any need for a further decision by
                                                                 the Council if the Mission states that the border is not
     It is indeed regrettable that we should still be dwelling   effectively closed or finds that it is being prevented from
on ways to exert pressure on belligerent leaders whose           establishing whether it is closed. The role of that Mission
actions only underscore their failure to propose a dignified     is thus a crucial one.          The Co-Chairmen of the
future for their people. We remain hopeful, nevertheless,        International Conference on Yugoslavia and their staff
that dialogue and reason will eventually prevail over the        have done an excellent job in mounting it with such
roar of weapons in the former Yugoslavia.                        speed.

      The President (interpretation from Spanish): I thank            There are always those who are sceptical of the
the representative of Brazil for his kind words addressed to     impact of sanctions. But this would be an odd moment
me.                                                              indeed at which to argue that view. After all, it is the
                                                                 effectiveness of this Council’s sanctions against the
     Sir David Hannay (United Kingdom): I would like             Federal Republic of Yugoslavia that has contributed to the
to begin by congratulating you, Sir, on the assumption of        change of policy in Belgrade.
your office and thanking your predecessor, Ambassador
Vorontsov.                                                             We call on all parties to the conflict in Bosnia to
                                                                 work for peace in the difficult months ahead. The
      The three resolutions this Council has just adopted        Bosnian Serbs in particular should be under no illusion as
should be seen as a coherent part of an overall approach.        to the determination of the international community to
Each in its different way is designed to maximize the            enforce the exclusion zones. The close co-operation
pressure on the one party whose policies are now                 between the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
principally responsible for prolonging this tragic conflict.     and the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR),
Together, they send a clear and unequivocal message to that      which we saw yesterday in action with the use of close
party, the Bosnian Serbs: "End your wilful expulsion of          air support near Sarajevo, can and will continue. Such
people from their homes; stop your war for territory; take       action is a key part of the effort to contain and stabilize
the first step on the path of peace; accept the map that has     the conflict and to bring the parties to peace.
been put forward by the countries of the Contact Group."
                                                                       My countryman, the great eighteenth-century
      At the heart of the three resolutions is the Council’s     historian, Edward Gibbon, once said that "history is
backing for the territorial settlement contained in that         largely a chronicle of the crimes, follies and misfortunes
proposal, which has been accepted in full by all the parties     of mankind". The truth of this can rarely have been more
concerned, with the exception of the Bosnian Serbs. It is        clearly illustrated than it has been, over the past two
their refusal to accept it which has brought upon them the       years, by the suffering that has been visited upon the
additional targeted sanctions contained in the second of the     people of Bosnia. That the abhorrent practice of "ethnic
three resolutions. It has also led to President Milosevic’s      cleansing," which is the subject of the first of the three
welcome decision to close the border between Serbia and          resolutions, is a crime, and a most grievous one, is
Bosnia to all supplies other than humanitarian ones for the      undeniable. The resolution rightly reiterates that those
Bosnian Serbs.                                                   responsible for it are accountable before the International
                                                                 Tribunal now at work in The Hague. That the practice is
     President Milosevic’s commitment, if sustained over         folly is just as self-evident. Destruction of multi-ethnic
time, is clearly a very important development. The               communities which have existed for centuries will in the
suspension for an initial period of 100 days of a limited        long term profit nobody, least of all the perpetrators. As
range of sanctions - on civilian passenger traffic from and      for misfortunes, we have all seen them day by day on our


32

Security Council                                                                                             3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                         23 September 1994

television screens. This war is one from which none of us         and sticks to move the parties towards a negotiated
can escape. For the sake of the victims, and to avert a           settlement.
worse catastrophe, the international community must
intensify its efforts to bring a just and lasting peace to              In tightening sanctions on the Bosnian Serbs we are
Bosnia. My Government will continue to do all that it can         tightening the noose around the aggressors in Bosnia.
to that end.                                                      The Council is telling Pale: There are consequences for
                                                                  your refusal to accept the equitable solution that has been
     The President (interpretation from Spanish): I thank         proposed by the Contact Group and accepted by the
the representative of the United Kingdom for his kind             Bosnian federation. These sanctions are not punitive.
words addressed to me.                                            The proof of that will be evident when you, the Bosnian
                                                                  Serbs, take the necessary steps to bring this conflict to a
      Mrs. Albright (United States of America): Please            peaceful, negotiated conclusion and thereby begin your
accept, Sir, our congratulations on, and gratitude for,           return to the norms of the international community.
accepting the presidency this month. Your careful work
and diplomacy have been most helpful in guiding us                      In preparing to ease sanctions on the Federal
through our work.        We would also like to thank              Republic of Yugoslavia, the Council acknowledges that
Ambassador Vorontsov for the excellent work he did in his         the Federal Republic has taken an important step to
final month as the representative of the Russian Federation       persuade the Bosnian Serbs to accept the negotiated
on the Council.                                                   settlement that has been proposed. My Government
                                                                  continues to believe that Belgrade authorities bear primary
     My Government has always emphasized that the                 responsibility for what has happened in the former
Bosnian Serbs and the Government in Belgrade had to               Yugoslavia during the past three years. While we
choose between two paths. One led to continued conflict,          welcome the first indications that the Federal Republic of
further isolation, and intensified international condemnation     Yugoslavia might have changed course, we do not take
and pressure. The second led to peace, the lifting of             this decision lightly. Belgrade’s long-term intentions are
sanctions, and reintegration into the international               not yet clear. That is why we will insist that it strictly
community. The parties in the former Yugoslavia should            comply with its commitment to keep the border closed.
doubt neither our determination to punish those who choose        And that is why we are not basing this decision on trust.
conflict, nor our willingness to rebuild constructive relations   We are demanding strict verification. The international
with those who choose peace.                                      community is watching: the suspended sanctions will
                                                                  come into effect again without the need for further
     This Council is meeting in the shadow of two key             Council action if, at any time, the international Mission is
events. First, the Bosnian Serbs rejected the Contact             no longer able to confirm the border closure or if the
Group’s proposed territorial settlement in Bosnia. My             Secretary-General otherwise reports that support is
Government continues to stand behind that proposal, which         reaching the Bosnian Serbs from Serbia and Montenegro.
we view as the basis for a fair and just settlement of the
Bosnian conflict. By rejecting the Contact Group’s                     Our willingness to extend the suspension beyond 100
proposal the Bosnian Serbs choose war. Shortly thereafter         days will depend on Belgrade’s conduct over the next
the Government in Belgrade said it was closing its border         four months. The Government of the Federal Republic of
with Bosnia with respect to all goods except for foodstuffs,      Yugoslavia should not doubt our will to cancel the
medical supplies and clothing for essential humanitarian          suspension of sanctions if we believe the border has been
needs, and ending its military and political support for the      reopened. We urge Member States to provide to the
Bosnian Serbs. In so doing, the Serbian authorities               Secretary-General any information that they might have
indicated that they might finally be prepared to choose           that might have a bearing on his reports.
peace.
                                                                       We note that this resolution will preserve the
     The resolutions this Council has just adopted are,           integrity of existing sanctions on material goods as
taken together, a response to those two developments.             contained in other Security Council resolutions. No
Their message is twofold: first, they aim to pressure the         excess baggage not ordinarily permitted within the normal
recalcitrant party, the Bosnian Serbs; and, secondly, they        charged fare for passenger travel, cargo of any kind, or
demonstrate this Council’s determination to use both carrots      mailed packages will be permitted on flights into or out
                                                                  of Belgrade unless specifically authorized by the United


                                                                                                                           33

Security Council                                                                                            3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                        23 September 1994

Nations sanctions Committee. Each State shall ensure that              The President (interpretation from Spanish): I
all flights into and out of Belgrade, departing from or          thank the representative of the United States of America
arriving in each State’s territory, shall hold only passengers   for the kind words she addressed to me.
and their baggage. In order that the continued suspension
not come into question, these flights will need to be strictly         Mr. Gambari (Nigeria): Since this is the first
monitored to prevent their being used to circumvent other        occasion on which my delegation has addressed the
sanctions that remain in place.                                  Council this month, permit me, Sir, to congratulate you
                                                                 on your assumption of the presidency of the Security
      It bears pointing out that the resolution easing           Council for the month of September. You have already
sanctions, while providing relief for air operations into and    demonstrated your great diplomatic skills and attention to
out of Belgrade, will not affect the rights or abilities of      detail with the efficient and exemplary manner in which
parties, either commercial creditors or other States of the      you have been conducting the affairs of the Council.
former Yugoslavia, with claims against assets of the             Please be assured of the continued cooperation of my
Yugoslav airline JAT, including aircraft, to seek to advance     delegation in the discharge of your important assignment.
those claims through legal action, which could include
seizure of the aircraft.                                               I should also like to convey my delegation’s
                                                                 gratitude to Ambassador Vorontsov of the Russian
      The people of Serbia and Montenegro should                 Federation for the skilful, very dignified and pleasant
understand that further concrete steps towards peace will        manner in which he conducted the affairs of our Council
lead to additional easing of sanctions. In that regard, we       during the month of August. We wish him all the best in
urge Belgrade to recognize Croatia and Bosnia within their       his new assignment.
internationally recognized borders, and to use its influence
with the Croatian Serbs to push them towards a settlement             The three resolutions we have just considered and
consistent with Croatia’s territorial integrity. We will also    adopted have been described as a package. This is indeed
insist that the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia not be            a package, but a package that is still not properly
allowed to rejoin the family of nations until it is in           balanced, given the situation on the ground in Bosnia and
compliance with all relevant resolutions of this Council.        Herzegovina even as we are considering this subject
The Belgrade Government should also understand that a            today.
decision to once again choose conflict will stop even this
limited sanctions relief and lead to the adoption by this              Our resolution on "ethnic cleansing" addresses a
Council of even tougher measures.                                very serious issue which has attracted the condemnation
                                                                 of the international community. It is therefore fitting and
       Let me reiterate my Government’s firm view that we        proper that the resolution was adopted unanimously.
cannot wait indefinitely for the Bosnian Serbs to change         "Ethnic cleansing" is clearly an abomination, and one on
their minds. If Pale does not agree to the peace plan by 15      which we in the Council and the international community
October, we intend to seek a resolution in the Council to        at large must speak with one voice.
lift the arms embargo. We understand the pain that more
fighting might bring, but there is a choice: the peace plan            We are grateful that it was possible to adopt this
can be accepted by the Bosnian Serbs.                            draft resolution. At the same time, however, we note that
                                                                 this draft resolution was first presented to the Council in
      The third resolution we have passed today,                 June of this year; had it been possible to adopt it then, it
condemning continuing acts of "ethnic cleansing" by the          might already have produced some positive effects.
Bosnian Serbs, is an integral part of our efforts to end the
suffering of this conflict. Its message to the Bosnian Serbs           It is appropriate that this resolution was adopted
is the same: until you accept and live by the norms of           under Chapter VII, for the Council cannot remain
civilized society, until you agree to live in peace, you         indifferent to grave violations of international
cannot and you will not be welcomed as members of the            humanitarian law.        The Bosnian Serb party has
international community. My Government is increasingly           continually ignored the requests and demands of the
disturbed by the Bosnian Serbs’ attempts to increase             Council to halt its campaign of terror, its campaign of
pressure on Sarajevo. Violations of Sarajevo’s status as a       intimidation, its campaign of harassment and its
safe area, and continued violations of the exclusion zone        expulsions of non-Serb population and to put an end to
around the city, cannot and will not go unpunished.              the unfortunate and shameful practice of "ethnic


34

Security Council                                                                                          3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                      23 September 1994

cleansing" in Bosnia and Herzegovina. In our 2 September        In general, we support ways and means to encourage the
1994 statement on the subject, we condemned this practice       Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro)
and demanded its immediate cessation.              We also      to take further steps towards full compliance with its
condemned all violations of international humanitarian law.     obligations to implement all relevant Security Council
Unfortunately - but consistent with its pattern of utter        resolutions aimed at tightening sanctions against the
contempt and disregard for the wishes of the international      Bosnian Serbs. However, the context in which we have
community - the Bosnian Serb party did not heed our             considered the draft is one that we would have wished
statement. My delegation, in line with paragraph 5 of           were different.
resolution 941 (1994), demands once again that the Bosnian
Serb party accord immediate and unimpeded access for the              Had we considered this draft after the receipt by the
Special Representative of the Secretary-General, the United     Security Council of a report from the Secretary-General
Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), the Office of the          that the Co-Chairmen of the Steering Committee of the
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)           International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia had
and the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC)         certified that the authorities of the Federal Republic of
to Banja Luka, Bijeljina and other areas of concern. We         Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) were effectively
call on the Bosnian Serb party to heed the demand that it       implementing their decision to close the border with the
put an end to the practice of "ethnic cleansing" once and       Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, some of the
for all. The Bosnian Serb leadership should be reminded         concerns of my delegation would have been addressed.
that the International Tribunal has jurisdiction over serious
violations of international humanitarian law and that those           While we agree that the loosening of sanctions on
who have committed grave acts against innocent civilians        the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and
will eventually be brought to justice.                          Montenegro) is also designed as another form of exerting
                                                                pressure on the Bosnian Serbs, my delegation believes
      With regard to the resolution on the tightening of        that, given the history of the conflict and the false steps
sanctions, it is only appropriate to try to drive home to the   and hopes we have experienced in dealing with the
Bosnian Serbs that they cannot continue to ignore the will      problem, it would have been better for the Council to
of the international community by their consistent refusal to   have erred on the side of caution and allowed for a trial
accept the territorial settlement plan as contained in the      period before taking up this question of relaxation of
Contact Group proposal. My delegation believes that there       sanctions. This is because whatever action we take in
is no other solution that is viable or durable except through   this body has a symbolic significance that sometimes goes
a peacefully negotiated settlement. In the view of my           beyond the actual measures.
delegation, the Contact Group proposals provide a good
basis for such an outcome. History teaches us that the               That the Council is considering loosening sanctions
political advantage to be derived from the hardline military    when nothing has changed on the ground in terms of
position of the Bosnian Serbs and their rejectionist stance     continuing military activity and the strangulation and
are temporary and cannot be sustained for much longer.          bombardment of many towns and villages in Bosnia and
The Bosnian Serb leadership must be made to realize that        Herzegovina is clearly capable of giving the wrong
the only way they will be able to join other members of the     impression.
international community is by accepting a negotiated
settlement.                                                           Let me be clear about one thing however: sanctions
                                                                are never a welcome development. The international
     We therefore call on all members of the international      community has always adopted them reluctantly, and in
community, especially neighbouring States and particularly      many cases only as a final resort. Once we have decided
the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and                  to take that painful decision to impose collective punitive
Montenegro) to discharge their obligations under this           measures in order to effect a change in the behaviour of
resolution in order to ensure a complete and total isolation    a State or party or to change the course of events, any
of the Bosnian Serb political and military leaderships.         premature lifting of those measures may have a negative
                                                                effect and negate whatever gains may already have been
     The resolution on the loosening of sanctions gives my      registered and get us back to the status quo ante.
delegation a lot of unease, primarily because of its timing.
The text of the resolution itself and its main provisions do        At the same time, however, when positive steps
not present much of a problem to my delegation as such.         which address fundamental issues are taken by a party to


                                                                                                                        35

Security Council                                                                                            3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                        23 September 1994

a conflict, such steps should in our opinion be                  comprehensive and balanced response to the recent
acknowledged so as to encourage further positive steps that      developments in the situation in the former Yugoslavia.
they might take. However, in this particular case, a
fundamental and minimum condition for this easing of                  The first resolution deals with what is the most
sanctions will have been an immediate and explicit               vicious manifestation of the root cause of the Yugoslav
recognition of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina            conflicts. That root cause is the insistence of some
within its internationally-recognized borders. This will also    groups and factions to live in an ethnically homogeneous
be consistent with the Contact Group Plan. Members of the        State, or one in which the control exercised by one
Security Council, in matters of principle, especially those      community is so absolute that it might just as well be
pertaining to the status of a United Nations Member State,       ethnically homogeneous. That insistence runs directly
have always insisted on a clear and unambiguous                  counter to the purposes and principles of this
declaration of the recognition of the sovereignty, territorial   Organization, and, if taken to its logical consequence,
integrity and independence of that Member State.                 would undermine the very foundations which bring us
                                                                 together in this house.
      This act of omission in the third and final resolution
we have adopted and its poor timing are the main reasons               What makes ethnic cleansing so appalling is that it
why my delegation abstained with respect to the question         is systematically directed. It is not just occurring through
of the relaxation of some of the measures against the            random individual acts, although these are bad enough.
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro).          The evidence is compelling that the purported authorities
When the right conditions exist, my delegation may be in         in the districts where ethnic cleansing is occurring are
a position to vote in favour of a graduated response in a        using it as a principal instrument of their long-term
positive manner to concrete steps taken by Serbia and            policy. It is an instrument of terror; it is the weapon of
Montenegro to implement fully its commitment to isolate          cowards. And those who use it must understand that they
the Bosnian Serbs as a means to exert further pressure on        will not be able to reap any reward from these actions.
them to abandon promptly the despicable policy and               To the contrary, they will one day face international
practices of ethnic cleansing, as well as the path of violence   justice before the Tribunal which is now functioning in
and terror against innocent populations in Bosnia and            The Hague.
Herzegovina.
                                                                       Unwilling to permit the United Nations access to the
       Nevertheless, we hope the authorities of the Federal      territories it controls, the Bosnian Serb party has carried
Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) will live         out ethnic cleansing on the widest scale.              The
up to their words by effectively implementing their decision     International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) and the
to close the international border between that country and       United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, and prove to the         (UNHCR) have reported that the non-Serb population in
international community that its present doubts and              Serb-held areas suffers in a particularly cruel way from
misgivings about their intentions have been wrong.               this practice. The dislocation of population from Bosnian
                                                                 Serb-controlled territories has been immense.
     The President (interpretation from Spanish): I thank
the representative of Nigeria for his kind words addressed             The measures embodied in this resolution again give
to me.                                                           a clear message to the Bosnian Serbs and a clear direction
                                                                 to the United Nations. The Security Council demands
     Mr. Keating (New Zealand):            Let me first          that the Bosnian Serbs accord access to senior
congratulate you, Sir, on the assumption of the presidency       representatives of the United Nations, and requests the
and again ask our colleagues from the Russian Federation         Secretary-General to arrange appropriate deployments of
to convey our warmest thanks to Ambassador Vorontsov             UNPROFOR troops and United Nations monitors. We
for his excellent stewardship as President of the Council        expect and hope that the presence of United Nations
last month.                                                      personnel will be able to be arranged quickly and that
                                                                 their presence will help bring an end to ethnic cleansing.
      The Security Council has taken action today on three
draft resolutions. New Zealand supported the adoption of               The second resolution responds to the refusal of the
all three. We believe that those resolutions constitute a        Bosnian Serbs authorities to accept the territorial
                                                                 settlement included in the peace plan prepared by the


36

Security Council                                                                                           3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                       23 September 1994

member nations of the Contact Group. In rejecting that          that the conditions under which that Mission will operate
settlement, the Bosnian Serbs have again wilfully defied the    and the tasks it will perform have been accepted in full
international community and asked for further measures to       by the authorities of Serbia and Montenegro, and this is
be adopted against them. What makes their decision even         acknowledged in the resolution.
more culpable is that by their rejection they have
condemned their neighbours and the innocent populations               Despite this development, the future of Bosnia and
of the region to a perpetuation of the conflict.                Herzegovina is still bleak, with continuing hostilities and
                                                                a deteriorating security situation. We believe that efforts
      An end to the killing and suffering in Bosnia is          have to proceed on several fronts if this situation is to be
achievable. A balanced and reasonable peace plan is on the      halted, let alone reversed. First, as demonstrated by the
table. It could still be accepted by the Bosnian Serbs. But     events of this week, there must be a firm resolve by the
if greed, arrogance and a determination to retain by force      United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR) and the
what they have gained by force prevails, they will face total   North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) to use force
isolation from the world.                                       where it is warranted for the protection of safe areas and
                                                                enforcement of the exclusion zones; secondly, the
     The increased sanctions included in the second             humanitarian mission for the alleviation of suffering must
resolution comprise a number directed at the leadership of      continue, and include relieving the strangulation of
the Bosnian Serbs and at all who continue to aid and abet       Sarajevo; thirdly, we should be looking at efforts to
them. This resolution makes clear where responsibility for      secure the progressive withdrawal of the Bosnian Serbs to
the disastrous policy of the Bosnian Serbs lies. If saner       positions which are consistent with the territorial
counsels are to have any hearing among them, either the         settlement proposal put forward by the Contact Group;
leaders must change their views or the leaders must be          and, fourthly, recognition by Serbia and Montenegro of
changed.                                                        the sovereignty and territorial integrity of the Republic of
                                                                Bosnia and Herzegovina and of Croatia should be an
     The third resolution which the Security Council            essential next step.
considered today demonstrates that the United Nations will
respond to those who are willing to change their policy and          Responses to the situation in Bosnia which would
opt for peace. President Milosevic has accepted the             complicate the objective of a peaceful settlement should
Contact Group peace plan as a fair settlement. He has           be approached with extreme caution. I include in that
urged the Bosnian Serbs to come to their senses and do the      category a decision to lift the arms embargo. We can see
same. To this end, he has closed the international border       much danger and little immediate benefit in such a step.
between Serbia and Montenegro and Bosnia and                    We strongly believe that the package of measures
Herzegovina and cut off all but humanitarian supplies to the    contained in today’s resolutions should be allowed time
Bosnian Serbs.                                                  to have an effect before any further, drastic step is taken.

     New Zealand has welcomed this change of policy, and             The President (interpretation from Spanish): I
we supported the resolution adopted today. Provided             thank the representative of New Zealand for the kind
independent monitors verify the ongoing closure of the          words he addressed to me.
border, we believe that it is appropriate to suspend a very
limited set of sanctions imposed by the Council against the           Mr. Al-Hassan (Oman) (interpretation from
Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro).         Arabic): At the outset, allow me, on behalf of my
But let us be clear: all that this suspension involves is the   delegation, to express to you personally, Sir, and to your
restoration of sporting and cultural links and of two           friendly country, Spain, sincerest congratulations on your
communications routes; the full weight of economic              assumption of the presidency of the Security Council for
sanctions remains. But tonight’s resolution is a signal that    this month of September. We are confident that your
the Council will respond positively to positive actions.        knowledge of international affairs and your diplomatic
There should be no doubt that this limited step is a direct     skills fully qualify you to lead our deliberations with
consequence of a positive decision by President Milosevic.      wisdom and skill and in a manner that will promote the
                                                                noble objectives of our Organization. We pledge you our
     New Zealand fully supports the deployment of the           full cooperation for the achievement of those ends.
Mission of the International Conference on the Former
Yugoslavia to verify the closure of the border. We note


                                                                                                                         37

Security Council                                                                                            3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                        23 September 1994

     In addition, I cannot fail to express sincere thanks to     issue? Has the time not come for the international
the delegation of the Russian Federation for the exemplary       community to move to put an end to such inhuman
manner in which Ambassador Vorontsov presided over the           practices which run counter to all human values and the
Council’s deliberations in August.                               conscience of mankind?

      Today, the Security Council meets yet again to                   The hesitation of the United Nations to condemn the
consider the situation in the Republic of Bosnia and             Serbian practices and its entering into endless negotiations
Herzegovina. Clearly, this situation is neither new nor          with the Bosnian Serbs have led the leadership of that
unfamiliar to the Council. For three years now the Security      aggressor party to gamble on the position of the
Council has held numerous consultations and meetings that        international community and to circumvent international
have led to a great number of international resolutions.         resolutions through the ploy of sterile negotiations and
However, despite this international concern, the situation       empty promises.
within the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a State
Member of the United Nations, has not changed much,                   The situation today in Bosnia and Herzegovina is no
because of the Bosnian Serb party’s refusal to heed              secret. We all know what is taking place there and which
international resolutions and respond to the numerous plans      of the parties to the conflict stands against all peaceful
and peaceful settlements proposed by either the United           developments.
Nations or by various groups of States acting in good faith
to help the parties in conflict reach an acceptable peaceful           My delegation, therefore, repeats its call to the
settlement that was bound to save thousands of innocent          international community to continue to bring pressure to
civilians and dispel the clouds of war shrouding that            bear, by all the means and measures at its disposal in
stricken republic.                                               order to bring the Bosnian Serbs to the side of peace and
                                                                 to accept peaceful settlements.
      Despite the optimism generated by the peaceful
settlement plan prepared by the Contact Group and accepted            My delegation voted in favour of draft resolution
by all the parties concerned except the Serbs; and despite       941 (1994) which the Council has just adopted. The
the relative improvement of the situation of Sarajevo            Security Council unanimously expressed its grave concern
following the action by the NATO war machine against the         regarding the deterioration of the humanitarian situation
aggressor, we notice a grave deterioration of the situation.     and the continuing violation of human rights in the
All reports and information available to us show that the        Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, particularly in Banja
Bosnian Serbs persist in practising the abhorrent policy of      Luka, Bijeljina and Prejedor under Bosnian Serb control.
"ethnic cleansing" against all non-Serbs, particularly
Muslims in all those parts of the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina that are under their control. In so doing, they           While my delegation joins the Security Council in
resort to all manner of inhuman practices ranging from the       condemning those Serbian practices, we call on the
killing of innocent women, old people, and children, mass        leadership of that party to immediately desist from such
expulsions, rape as a weapon of war, the demolition and          practices, to renounce the policy of "ethnic cleansing", to
burning of homes and arbitrary detentions.                       allow international peace-keeping forces to enter those
                                                                 areas and to implement fully all commitments enshrined
      All such atrocities continue to be practised against the   in the resolution.
defenceless people of the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina.       The Security Council, in resolution                 As for resolution 942 (1994), also just adopted by
713 (1991), has deprived the Bosnian people of the               the Security Council concerning the tightening of
legitimate right of self-defence enshrined in the Charter of     sanctions against the Bosnian Serbs, my delegation wishes
the Organization. All this has enabled the Serbs, over the       to state that we have voted for the resolution because we
past three years, to persist in such practices under the very    believe in the norms, steps and the full support in the
eyes and noses of the international peace-keeping forces in      resolution by the Security Council against the Bosnian
the area, in close proximity to where such events continue       Serbs until and unless they undertake positive and
to take place.                                                   concrete steps by renouncing their policy of aggression
                                                                 and by opting for the peaceful options available to them.
      We wonder today, has not the time come for the             Such options, were they implemented, would provide a
international community to speak firmly and loudly on this       good basis for peace and stability in the region as a whole


38

Security Council                                                                                             3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                         23 September 1994

and in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in                 Security Council and in the hope that this resolution will
particular.                                                      help in resolving the problem in Bosnia and Herzegovina,
                                                                 my delegation voted in favour of the resolution.
      My delegation, while welcoming the positive step on
the part of the leadership in Belgrade, namely the closing             We should like, however, to stress our position that
and monitoring of borders in order to stop supplies reaching     the lifting of sanctions must be subject to a trial period in
Bosnian Serbs through the territory of Serbia and                order for us to gauge the peaceful intentions of the
Montenegro, believes that resolution 943 (1994) just             Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro).
adopted by the Council is unbalanced because the resolution      Should there be no concrete progress acceptable to the
does not consider the many commitments which must be             international community and the Republic of Bosnia and
implemented by the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia        Herzegovina, the measures called for in the resolution
and Montenegro) before the Security Council can look into        would become null and void and the situation would
lifting the sanctions imposed by resolutions 757 (1992) and      revert to its earlier status.
820 (1993). Among those basic commitments are the
following: first, recognition of the independence, territorial        In conclusion, my delegation wishes to say that the
integrity and sovereignty of the Republic of Bosnia and          next few days will be the best test of intentions and of the
Herzegovina; secondly, an end to all military and political      measures adopted by the Security Council today.
practices of aggression which place any doubt in the
legitimacy of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and              The President (interpretation from Spanish): I
endanger its peace and territorial integrity; thirdly, the       thank the representative of Oman for his kind words
promotion of all possibilities of peaceful coexistence           addressed to me.
between all the States and peoples of the region in
accordance with the principles and objectives of the United           I shall now make a statement in my capacity as the
Nations Charter; fourthly, cooperation with the United           representative of Spain.
Nations and the International Tribunal in their efforts to
punish the perpetrators of war crimes in the territory of the          Now as in the past, we are overtaken by a feeling of
former Yugoslavia and, last, full implementation of all          frustration and concern in examining the situation in
relevant United Nations resolutions.                             Bosnia and Herzegovina on the eve of the third winter of
                                                                 this conflict. We are frustrated by the continued grave
      While we welcome the good offices of the                   and systematic violations of human rights and
international Contact Group as well as those of the              international humanitarian law perpetrated by the Serbs of
Organization of the Islamic Conference, we, for our part,        Bosnia, who turn a deaf ear to the clamour of indignation
trust the ideas put forth and advocated by the Contact           set up by world public opinion and flout the resolutions
Group, namely that this resolution is likely to promote the      and statements of the Security Council.             We are
possibility of reaching a speedy and full settlement while at    concerned, too, by the recent increase in military activity
the same time increasing the pressure by the international       in the area of Bihac, with the participation of the Serbs of
community on the Bosnian Serbs for the achievement of            the Krajina region of Croatia, and the resurgence of
this objective. We also trust that it will not in any way        hostilities in other areas of Bosnia and Herzegovina,
contradict the legitimate demands of the Republic of Bosnia      especially in Sarajevo. All of this leads us to fear a
and Herzegovina.                                                 further intensification and exacerbation of the conflict.

      My delegation wishes in this context to state that we           In the meantime, the coordination of efforts made by
have voted for this resolution which runs counter to the         the United Nations, the European Union, the United
positions of both the Organization of the Islamic                States and the Russian Federation - efforts which we fully
Conference and the Non-Aligned Group to both of which            support - represents valuable progress in the search for a
organizations we belong, and which advocate that                 negotiated settlement of the conflict. However, even in
submitting such a resolution at this stage is premature          this we are discouraged by the rejection by the Bosnian
because it runs counter to the highest interests of the          Serbs of the territorial arrangements proposed by the
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina - indeed, that one of         Contact Group and accepted by the other parties
the parties may use that resolution to attain ambitions which    concerned.
may not serve the chances of peace. However, in deference
to the wishes of the majority of member States of the


                                                                                                                           39

Security Council                                                                                             3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                         23 September 1994

     The unity of views of the members of the international            We are convinced that no solution is to be found to
community - as well as the decision of President Milosevic       the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina through the use of
to close the border along the regions of the Republic of         weapons or the imposition of the law of the jungle. A
Bosnia and Herzegovina under the control of the Bosnian          lasting solution can be obtained only in a negotiated
Serbs and his invitation to an ad hoc mission of the             framework and, in the current circumstances, the plan for
International Conference on the Former Yugoslavia - are          territorial settlement submitted by the Contact Group is an
encouraging signs and represent a ray of hope in this            indispensable premise for a comprehensive settlement to
otherwise bleak picture.                                         the conflict.

      Spain fully endorses the statement made by the                   The Bosnian Serbs’ rejection of this proposal
Permanent Representative of Germany on behalf of the             required an appropriate reaction on the part of the
European Union and its member States. We believe that            international community. We therefore voted in favour of
the three resolutions we have just adopted, and which my         resolution 942 (1994), which, while endorsing the
delegation co-sponsored, have a common purpose: to               territorial proposal of the Contact Group, includes the
condemn and isolate the Bosnian Serbs for their persistent       imposition of further economic and financial sanctions
behaviour, which violates the most fundamental norms of          and restrictions and limitations aimed at establishing the
international humanitarian law and for their recalcitrant        international isolation of those responsible for the
attitude towards the peace initiatives of the international      situation, namely, the leadership of Pale and its
community.                                                       myrmidons.

      We have always been particularly concerned over the             The Bosnian Serbs must understand that they can
fate of the civilian population in Bosnia and Herzegovina,       neither indefinitely obstruct the peace process nor
be it the Muslims, Croats or Serbs. In the first of the          continue with impunity the practice of "ethnic cleansing",
resolutions adopted today, resolution 941 (1994) - which I       which constitutes behaviour unacceptable to the world’s
wish to emphasize was sponsored by all the members of            conscience.
this Council - we condemn the persistent and systematic
campaign of terror and "ethnic cleansing" perpetrated by the           The third resolution adopted - resolution 943
Bosnian Serbs, regarding which there is no room for doubt.       (1994) - provides for a provisional, limited and revocable
It has been amply documented, as we have seen in the             suspension of certain sanctions on the Federal Republic of
reports of Mr. Mazowiecki, the Special Rapporteur of the         Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) as a result of its
Commission on Human Rights, and the ad hoc Committee             acceptance of the peace plan and its decision to break
of Experts established by the Security Council. Even the         with the Bosnian Serbs. Clearly, before the suspension
International Committee of the Red Cross, which is usually       can come into effect, we must be certain that the
very reserved in its public statements, issued a press release   authorities of that Republic remain firm in their decision
on 19 September which states, inter alia:                        to keep the border closed, with the exception of the
                                                                 provision of strictly humanitarian assistance, and that the
          "The expulsions continue to occur on a massive         decision will be effectively implemented with due
     scale, despite the repeated denials of the highest          international verification.
     Bosnian Serb authorities."
                                                                        The Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and
     In the resolution I mentioned, we also reaffirmed the       Montenegro) will continue to win international trust only
principle of the individual responsibility of the perpetrators   if it continues to pursue the course upon which it recently
of such acts, who will in due course have to answer to the       embarked. This is precisely the other side of the coin of
International Tribunal established for that purpose, which is    this resolution: If the Belgrade authorities live up to their
already at work in The Hague. We demand that speedy              commitment in good faith, as we hope they will, we will
and unimpeded access to the affected areas be given to the       achieve the complete isolation of the Bosnian Serbs. To
Special Representative of the Secretary-General and to the       that end, the resolution requests the Secretary-General to
troops of the United Nations Protection Force, as well as to     submit periodic reports on the basis of information and
the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for           conclusions provided by the Co-Chairmen of the Steering
Refugees and the International Committee of the Red Cross.       Committee of the International Conference on the Former
                                                                 Yugoslavia, which has already deployed an ad hoc
                                                                 mission on the international border between the Federal


40

Security Council                                                                                         3428th meeting
Forty-ninth year                                                                                     23 September 1994

Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and Montenegro) and the               As for the international community, we must
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina.                             redouble our efforts and - all of us, collectively or
                                                                individually - avoid the adoption of decisions which, far
      We believe that the three resolutions adopted today by    from leading to progress towards a negotiated solution
the Council, viewed together, reflect the prevailing change     that will put an end to the long conflict that isolates
in the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina and create a new      Bosnia and Herzegovina, may endanger the relative
dimension to the handling of that conflict. We express the      successes we have achieved thus far. It is only by
hope that the Bosnian Serbs, faced with total isolation, will   remaining united and persevering that we will one day
reconsider their attitude to the proposals of the Contact       glimpse the light at the end of the tunnel.
Group and put an end to their unacceptable conduct in the
area once and for all.                                              I now resume my functions as President of the
                                                                Security Council.

                                                                     There are no further speakers inscribed on my list.
                                                                The Security Council has thus concluded the present stage
                                                                of its consideration of the item on the agenda. The
                                                                Security Council will remain seized of the matter.

                                                                     The meeting rose at 9.30 p.m.




                                                                                                                      41

Voting Summary
Yes: 014 | No: 000 | Abstentions: 001 | Non-Voting: 000 | Total voting membership: 015
Y ARGENTINA
Y BRAZIL
A CHINA
Y CZECH REPUBLIC
Y DJIBOUTI
Y FRANCE
Y NEW ZEALAND
Y NIGERIA
Y OMAN
Y PAKISTAN
Y RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Y RWANDA
Y SPAIN
Y UNITED KINGDOM
Y UNITED STATES