Security Council resolution 2106 (2013) [on sexual violence in armed conflict]
Symbol: S/RES/2106 (2013)
Date: 2013-06-24
Meeting record: S/PV.6984
Subjects: UN. Team of Experts Established pursuant to Security Council Resolution 1888 (2009)|GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE|WOMEN IN ARMED CONFLICTS|SEX CRIMES|IMPUNITY|HUMAN RIGHTS MONITORING|ADVISORY SERVICES|MEDIATION|WAR CRIMES|CRIME VICTIMS|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|TECHNICAL COOPERATION|HEALTH SERVICES|TROOP-CONTRIBUTING STATES|TRAINING PROGRAMMES|ACCOUNTABILITY|SANCTIONS|RAPE
Notes: Issued in: Resolutions and decisions of the Security Council, 1 August 2012-31 July 2013 - S/INF/68 - (SCOR, 68th year).

United Nations                                                                   S/RES/2106 (2013)
               Security Council                                               Distr.: General
                                                                              24 June 2013




               Resolution 2106 (2013)
               Adopted by the Security Council at its 6984th meeting, on
               24 June 2013

                    The Security Council,
                    Reaffirming its commitment to the continuing and full implementation, in a
               mutually reinforcing manner, of resolutions 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000), 1325 (2000),
               1612 (2005), 1674 (2006), 1738 (2006), 1820 (2008), 1882 (2009), 1888 (2009),
               1889 (2009), 1894 (2009), 1960 (2010), 1998 (2011) and 2068 (2012), and all
               relevant statements of its President,
                     Thanking the Secretary-General for the report of 12 March 2013 (S/2013/149)
               and taking note of the analysis and recommendations contained therein, but
               remaining deeply concerned over the slow implementation of important aspects of
               resolution 1960 (2010) to prevent sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict
               situations and noting as documented in the Secretary-General’s report that sexual
               violence occurs in such situations throughout the world,
                    Recognizing the Declaration on Preventing Sexual Violence in Conflict
               adopted by G8 foreign ministers in London on 11 April 2013, and the commitments
               it makes in this regard,
                     Recognizing that consistent and rigorous prosecution of sexual violence crimes
               as well as national ownership and responsibility in addressing the root causes of
               sexual violence in armed conflict are central to deterrence and prevention as is
               challenging the myths that sexual violence in armed conflict is a cultural
               phenomenon or an inevitable consequence of war or a lesser crime,
                     Affirming that women’s political, social and economic empowerment, gender
               equality and the enlistment of men and boys in the effort to combat all forms of
               violence against women are central to long-term efforts to prevent sexual violence
               in armed conflict and post-conflict situations; and emphasizing the importance of
               the full implementation of resolution 1325 (2000) while noting the ongoing work on
               a set of indicators for the implementation of resolution 1325 (2000) and subsequent
               resolutions on women and peace and security, and recognizing UN-Women’s efforts
               in this area,
                     Noting with concern that sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict
               situations disproportionately affects women and girls, as well as groups that are
               particularly vulnerable or may be specifically targeted, while also affecting men and

13-37215 (E)
*1337215*

S/RES/2106 (2013)


               boys and those secondarily traumatized as forced witnesses of sexual violence
               against family members; and emphasizing that acts of sexual violence in such
               situations not only severely impede the critical contributions of women to society,
               but also impede durable peace and security as well as sustainable development,
                     Recognizing that States bear the primary responsibility to respect and ensure
               the human rights of all persons within their territory and subject to their jurisdiction
               as provided for by international law; and reaffirming that parties to armed conflict
               bear the primary responsibility to ensure the protection of civilians,
                    Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political
               independence of all States in accordance with the Charter,
                     Recalling the inclusion of a range of sexual violence offences in the Rome
               Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the statutes of the ad hoc
               international criminal tribunals,
                     Noting the provision in the Arms Trade Treaty that exporting States Parties
               shall take into account the risk of covered conventional arms or items being used to
               commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence or serious acts of violence
               against women and children,
                    Further recalling that international humanitarian law prohibits rape and other
               forms of sexual violence,
                     Recalling the Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support
               to non-United Nations Security Forces as a tool to enhance compliance with
               international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, including to address
               sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict situations,
                     Having considered the report of the Secretary-General and stressing that the
               present resolution does not seek to make any legal determination as to whether
               situations that are referred to in the Secretary-General’s report are or are not armed
               conflicts within the context of the Geneva Conventions and the Additional Protocols
               thereto, nor does it prejudge the legal status of non-State parties involved in these
               situations,
                     1.   Affirms that sexual violence, when used or commissioned as a method or
               tactic of war or as a part of a widespread or systematic attack against civilian
               populations, can significantly exacerbate and prolong situations of armed conflict
               and may impede the restoration of international peace and security; emphasizes in
               this regard that effective steps to prevent and respond to such acts significantly
               contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security; and stresses
               women’s participation as essential to any prevention and protection response;
                     2.    Notes that sexual violence can constitute a crime against humanity or a
               constitutive act with respect to genocide; further recalls that rape and other forms of
               serious sexual violence in armed conflict are war crimes; calls upon Member States
               to comply with their relevant obligations to continue to fight impunity by
               investigating and prosecuting those subject to their jurisdiction who are responsible
               for such crimes; encourages Member States to include the full range of crimes of
               sexual violence in national penal legislation to enable prosecutions for such acts;
               recognizes that effective investigation and documentation of sexual violence in
               armed conflict is instrumental both in bringing perpetrators to justice and ensuring
               access to justice for survivors;


2                                                                                                         13-37215

                                                                                                  S/RES/2106 (2013)


                 3.   Notes that the fight against impunity for the most serious crimes of
           international concern committed against women and girls has been strengthened
           through the work of the ICC, ad hoc and mixed tribunals, as well as specialized
           chambers in national tribunals; reiterates its intention to continue forcefully to fight
           impunity and uphold accountability with appropriate means;
                 4.    Draws attention to the importance of a comprehensive approach to
           transitional justice in armed conflict and post-conflict situations, encompassing the
           full range of judicial and non-judicial measures, as appropriate;
                 5.    Recognizes the need for more systematic monitoring of and attention to
           sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict situations and other women and
           peace and security commitments in its own work and, in this regard, expresses its
           intent to employ, as appropriate, all means at its disposal to ensure women’s
           participation in all aspects of mediation, post-conflict recovery and peacebuilding
           and to address sexual violence in conflict, including, inter alia, in the establishment
           and review of peacekeeping and political mandates, public statements, country visits,
           fact-finding missions, international commissions of inquiry, consultations with
           regional bodies and in the work of relevant Security Council sanctions committees;
                 6.   Recognizes the need for more timely, objective, accurate and reliable
           information as a basis for prevention and response and requests the Secretary-General and relevant United Nations entities to accelerate the establishment and
           implementation of monitoring, analysis and reporting arrangements on conflictrelated sexual violence, including rape in situations of armed conflict and
           post-conflict and other situations relevant to the implementation of resolution 1888
           (2009), as appropriate, and taking into account the specificity of each country;
                 7.   Calls for the further deployment of Women Protection Advisors (WPA)
           in accordance with resolution 1888 to facilitate the implementation of Security
           Council resolutions on women and peace and security and calls upon the Secretary-General to ensure that the need for, and the number and roles of WPAs are
           systematically assessed during the planning and review of each United Nations
           peacekeeping and political mission, and to ensure that these experts are adequately
           trained and deployed in a timely manner; and recognizes the role of UN Action
           against Sexual Violence in Conflict in facilitating coordinated responses of relevant
           peacekeeping, humanitarian, human rights, political and security actors and
           emphasizes the need for enhanced coordination, information sharing, analysis,
           response planning and implementation across these sectors;
                8.    Recognizes the distinct role of Gender Advisors in ensuring that gender
           perspectives are mainstreamed in policies, planning and implementation by all
           mission elements; calls upon the Secretary-General to continue to deploy Gender
           Advisors to the relevant United Nations peacekeeping and political missions as well
           as humanitarian operations and to ensure comprehensive gender training of all
           relevant peacekeeping and civilian personnel;
                9.   Acknowledges the efforts of United Nations entities in ensuring United
           Nations Commissions of Inquiry in armed conflict and post-conflict situations have,
           where necessary, sexual and gender-based crimes expertise to accurately document
           such crimes and encourages all Member States to support these efforts;
                10. Reiterates its demand for the complete cessation with immediate effect
           by all parties to armed conflict of all acts of sexual violence and its call for these


13-37215                                                                                                         3

S/RES/2106 (2013)


               parties to make and implement specific time-bound commitments to combat sexual
               violence, which should include, inter alia, issuance of clear orders through chains of
               command prohibiting sexual violence and accountability for breaching these orders,
               the prohibition of sexual violence in Codes of Conduct, military and police field
               manuals or equivalent and to make and implement specific commitments on timely
               investigation of alleged abuses; and further calls upon all relevant parties to armed
               conflict to cooperate in the framework of such commitments, with appropriate
               United Nations mission personnel who monitor their implementation, and calls upon
               the parties to designate, as appropriate, a high-level representative responsible for
               ensuring implementation of such commitments;
                     11. Emphasizes the important role that can be played by women, civil
               society, including women’s organizations, and formal and informal community
               leaders in exerting influence over parties to armed conflict with respect to
               addressing sexual violence;
                     12. Reiterates the importance of addressing sexual violence in armed conflict
               whenever relevant, in mediation efforts, ceasefires and peace agreements; requests
               the Secretary-General, Member States and regional organizations, where appropriate,
               to ensure that mediators and envoys, in situations where it is used as a method or
               tactic of war, or as part of a widespread or systematic attack against civilian
               populations, engage on sexual violence issues, including with women, civil society,
               including women’s organizations and survivors of sexual violence, and ensure that
               such concerns are reflected in specific provisions of peace agreements, including
               those related to security arrangements and transitional justice mechanisms; urges the
               inclusion of sexual violence in the definition of acts prohibited by ceasefires and in
               provisions for ceasefire monitoring; stresses the need for the exclusion of sexual
               violence crimes from amnesty provisions in the context of conflict resolution
               processes;
                     13. Urges existing sanctions committees, where within the scope of the
               relevant criteria for designation, and consistent with resolution 1960 (2010) to apply
               targeted sanctions against those who perpetrate and direct sexual violence in
               conflict; and reiterates its intention, when adopting or renewing targeted sanctions
               in situations of armed conflict, to consider including, where appropriate, designation
               criteria pertaining to acts of rape and other forms of serious sexual violence;
                     14. Recognizes the role of United Nations peacekeeping contingents in
               preventing sexual violence, and, in this respect, calls for all predeployment and
               in-mission training of troop- and police-contributing country contingents to include
               training on sexual and gender-based violence, which also takes into account the
               distinct needs of children; further encourages troop- and police-contributing countries
               to increase the number of women recruited and deployed in peace operations;
                    15. Requests the Secretary-General to continue and strengthen efforts to
               implement the policy of zero tolerance on sexual exploitation and abuse by United
               Nations personnel and urges concerned Member States to ensure full accountability,
               including prosecutions, in cases of such conduct involving their nationals;
                     16. Requests the Secretary-General and relevant United Nations entities to
               assist national authorities, with the effective participation of women, in addressing
               sexual violence concerns explicitly in:




4                                                                                                        13-37215

                                                                                                 S/RES/2106 (2013)


                 (a) disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes, including, inter
           alia, by establishing protection mechanisms for women and children in cantonment
           sites, as well as for civilians in close proximity of cantonment sites and in
           communities of return, and by offering trauma and reintegration support to women
           and children formerly associated with armed groups, as well as ex-combatants;
                 (b) security sector reform processes and arrangements, including through the
           provision of adequate training for security personnel, encouraging the inclusion of
           more women in the security sector and effective vetting processes in order to
           exclude from the security sector those who have perpetrated or are responsible for
           acts of sexual violence;
                 (c) justice sector reform initiatives, including through legislative and policy
           reforms that address sexual violence; training in sexual and gender-based violence
           of justice and security sector professionals and the inclusion of more women at
           professional levels in these sectors; and judicial proceedings that take into account
           the distinct needs and protection of witnesses as well as survivors of sexual violence
           in armed conflict and post-conflict situations, and their family members;
                 17. Recognizes that women who have been forcefully abducted into armed
           groups and armed forces, as well as children, are especially vulnerable to sexual
           violence in armed conflict and post-conflict situations and as such demands that
           parties to armed conflict immediately identify and release such persons from their
           ranks;
                 18. Encourages concerned Member States to draw upon the expertise of the
           United Nations Team of Experts established pursuant to resolution 1888 (2009) as
           appropriate to strengthen the rule of law and the capacity of civilian and military
           justice systems to address sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict
           situations as part of broader efforts to strengthen institutional safeguards against
           impunity;
                 19. Recognizing the importance of providing timely assistance to survivors
           of sexual violence, urges United Nations entities and donors to provide
           non-discriminatory and comprehensive health services, including sexual and
           reproductive health, psychosocial, legal, and livelihood support and other
           multi-sectoral services for survivors of sexual violence, taking into account the
           specific needs of persons with disabilities; calls for support to national institutions
           and local civil society networks in increasing resources and strengthening capacities
           to provide the abovementioned services to survivors of sexual violence; encourages
           Member States and donors to support national and international programs that assist
           victims of sexual violence such as the Trust Fund for Victims established by the
           Rome Statute and its implementing partners; and requests the relevant United
           Nations entities to increase allocation of resources for the coordination of genderbased violence response and service provision;
                 20. Notes the link between sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict
           situations and HIV infection, and the disproportionate burden of HIV and AIDS on
           women and girls as a persistent obstacle and challenge to gender equality; and urges
           United Nations entities, Member States and donors to support the development and
           strengthening of capacities of national health systems and civil society networks in
           order to provide sustainable assistance to women and girls living with or affected by
           HIV and AIDS in armed conflict and post-conflict situations;



13-37215                                                                                                        5

S/RES/2106 (2013)


                    21. Underlines the important roles that civil society organizations, including
               women’s organizations, and networks can play in enhancing community-level
               protection against sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict situations and
               supporting survivors in accessing justice and reparations;
                     22. Requests that the Secretary-General continue to submit annual reports to
               the Council on the implementation of women and peace and security resolutions and
               the present resolution, and to submit his next report by March 2014;
                    23.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.




6                                                                                                      13-37215

Texto español (official Spanish version): Naciones Unidas                                                                 S/RES/2106 (2013)
               Consejo de Seguridad                                            Distr. general
                                                                               24 de junio de 2013




               Resolución 2106 (2013)
               Aprobada por el Consejo de Seguridad en su 6984a sesión,
               celebrada el 24 de junio de 2013

                    El Consejo de Seguridad,
                    Reafirmando su empeño en que se sigan aplicando sus resoluciones 1265
               (1999), 1296 (2000), 1325 (2000), 1612 (2005), 1674 (2006), 1738 (2006), 1820
               (2008), 1882 (2009), 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009), 1894 (2009), 1960 (2010), 1998
               (2011) y 2068 (2012), y todas las declaraciones pertinentes de su Presidencia, y en
               que ello se haga íntegramente y de manera que se refuercen entre sí,
                     Agradeciendo al Secretario General su informe de 12 de marzo de 2013
               (S/2013/149) y tomando nota del análisis y las recomendaciones que contiene, pero
               profundamente preocupado todavía por la lentitud con que se aplican aspectos
               importantes de la resolución 1960 (2010) para prevenir la violencia sexual en las
               situaciones de conflicto armado y posteriores a conflictos, y haciendo notar que,
               como se documenta en el informe del Secretario General, la violencia sexual ocurre
               en las situaciones de ese tipo que se producen en todo el mundo,
                    Reconociendo la Declaración sobre la Prevención de la Violencia Sexual en los
               Conflictos aprobada por los ministros de relaciones exteriores del G-8 en Londres el
               11 de abril de 2013 y los compromisos que contiene al respecto,
                    Reconociendo que el enjuiciamiento coherente y riguroso de los presuntos
               autores de delitos de violencia sexual, así como la titularidad y la responsabilidad
               nacionales en la labor destinada a hacer frente a las causas profundas de la violencia
               sexual en los conflictos armados, son fundamentales para la disuasión y la
               prevención, al igual que poner en tela de juicio los mitos según los cuales la
               violencia sexual en los conflictos armados es un fenómeno cultural, una
               consecuencia inevitable de la guerra o un delito menor,
                     Afirmando que el empoderamiento político, social y económico de las mujeres,
               la igualdad entre los géneros y la participación de los hombres y los niños en las
               actividades destinadas a combatir todas las formas de violencia contra las mujeres
               son fundamentales para la labor a largo plazo de prevención de la violencia sexual
               en las situaciones de conflicto armado y posteriores a conflictos; poniendo de
               relieve la importancia que reviste la plena aplicación de la resolución 1325 (2000),
               observando al mismo tiempo que se está trabajando en un conjunto de indicadores
               relativos a la aplicación de la resolución 1325 (2000) y las resoluciones posteriores


13-37218 (S)
*1337218*

S/RES/2106 (2013)


               sobre las mujeres y la paz y la seguridad, y reconociendo las actividades de ONU-Mujeres en este ámbito,
                     Observando con preocupación que la violencia sexual en las situaciones de
               conflicto armado y posteriores a conflictos afecta en forma desproporcionada a las
               mujeres y las niñas, así como a los grupos que son particularmente vulnerables o
               que se toman específicamente como blanco, al tiempo que afecta también a los
               hombres y los niños y a las personas traumatizadas indirectamente al ser testigos
               forzados de actos de violencia sexual contra familiares; y poniendo de relieve que
               los actos de violencia sexual en esas situaciones no solo dificultan gravemente las
               fundamentales contribuciones de las mujeres a la sociedad, sino que también
               obstaculizan la paz y la seguridad duraderas y el desarrollo sostenible,
                     Reconociendo que los Estados tienen la responsabilidad primordial de respetar
               y garantizar los derechos humanos de todas las personas que se encuentren en su
               territorio y estén sujetas a su jurisdicción, como se establece en el derecho
               internacional; y reafirmando que las partes en los conflictos armados tienen la
               responsabilidad primordial de asegurar la protección de los civiles,
                    Reafirmando su respeto por la soberanía, la integridad territorial y la
               independencia política de todos los Estados de conformidad con la Carta,
                     Recordando que en el Estatuto de Roma de la Corte Penal Internacional y los
               estatutos de los tribunales penales internacionales especiales se incluyeron diversos
               delitos de violencia sexual,
                     Observando la disposición que figura en el Tratado sobre el Comercio de
               Armas en el sentido de que los Estados partes exportadores deberán tener en cuenta
               el riesgo de que las armas convencionales o elementos comprendidos por el Tratado
               se utilicen para cometer o facilitar actos graves de violencia basada en el género o
               actos graves de violencia contra mujeres y niños,
                   Recordando que el derecho internacional humanitario prohíbe la violación y
               demás formas de violencia sexual,
                     Recordando la política de diligencia debida en materia de derechos humanos
               en el contexto del apoyo de las Naciones Unidas a fuerzas de seguridad ajenas a la
               Organización como instrumento para reforzar el cumplimiento del derecho
               internacional humanitario, el derecho de los derechos humanos y el derecho de los
               refugiados, incluso para hacer frente a la violencia sexual en las situaciones de
               conflicto y posteriores a conflictos,
                     Habiendo examinado el informe del Secretario General y destacando que la
               presente resolución no tiene por objeto determinar en derecho si las situaciones a
               que se hace referencia en ese informe son o no conflictos armados en el contexto de
               los Convenios de Ginebra y sus Protocolos Adicionales, ni prejuzga la condición
               jurídica de las partes no estatales involucradas en esas situaciones,
                     1.   Afirma que la violencia sexual, cuando se utiliza o se hace utilizar como
               método o táctica bélicos o como parte de un ataque generalizado o sistemático
               contra la población civil, puede agudizar y prolongar significativamente las
               situaciones de conflicto armado y constituir un impedimento para el
               restablecimiento de la paz y la seguridad internacionales; pone de relieve, a este
               respecto, que la adopción de medidas eficaces para prevenir tales actos y responder
               a ellos contribuye considerablemente al mantenimiento de la paz y la seguridad


2                                                                                                      13-37218

                                                                                                 S/RES/2106 (2013)


           internacionales; y destaca que la participación de las mujeres es esencial en toda
           respuesta de prevención y protección;
                 2.    Hace notar que la violencia sexual puede constituir un crimen de lesa
           humanidad o un acto constitutivo con respecto al genocidio; además recuerda que la
           violación y demás formas de violencia sexual grave en los conflictos armados son
           crímenes de guerra; exhorta a los Estados Miembros a que cumplan sus obligaciones
           pertinentes de seguir luchando contra la impunidad investigando y enjuiciando a
           quienes estén sujetos a su jurisdicción y sean responsables de tales delitos; alienta a
           los Estados Miembros a que incluyan toda la gama de delitos de violencia sexual en
           la legislación penal nacional a fin de posibilitar el enjuiciamiento de los presuntos
           autores de esos actos; reconoce que la investigación y la documentación eficaces de
           la violencia sexual en los conflictos armados son fundamentales tanto para someter
           a juicio a los autores como para garantizar el acceso de los supervivientes a la
           justicia;
                 3.    Hace notar que la lucha contra la impunidad por los delitos más graves
           de trascendencia internacional cometidos contra mujeres y niñas se ha fortalecido
           gracias a la labor de la Corte Penal Internacional, los tribunales especiales y mixtos,
           y las salas especializadas de los tribunales nacionales; y reitera su intención de
           seguir luchando contra la impunidad y fomentando la rendición de cuentas
           enérgicamente con los medios apropiados;
                4.    Señala la importancia de que en las situaciones de conflicto armado y
           posteriores a conflictos se adopte un enfoque amplio de la justicia de transición que
           abarque toda la gama de medidas judiciales y no judiciales, según proceda;
                 5.    Reconoce la necesidad de que en su propia labor se sistematice más la
           vigilancia de la violencia sexual en las situaciones de conflicto armado y posteriores
           a conflictos y de otros compromisos relativos a las mujeres y la paz y la seguridad, y
           la atención que se les presta, y, a este respecto, expresa su intención de emplear,
           según proceda, todos los medios a su disposición para asegurar la participación de
           las mujeres en todos los aspectos de la mediación, la recuperación y la
           consolidación de la paz después de los conflictos, y para hacer frente a la violencia
           sexual en los conflictos, incluidos, entre otros, el establecimiento y el examen de los
           mandatos de mantenimiento de la paz y políticos, las declaraciones públicas, las
           visitas a los países, las misiones de determinación de los hechos, las comisiones
           internacionales de investigación, las consultas con los órganos regionales y la labor
           de los comités de sanciones competentes del Consejo de Seguridad;
                 6.    Reconoce la necesidad de que haya información más oportuna, objetiva,
           precisa y fidedigna, que sirva de base para la prevención y la respuesta, y solicita al
           Secretario General y a las entidades competentes de las Naciones Unidas que
           aceleren el establecimiento y la aplicación de disposiciones de vigilancia, análisis y
           presentación de informes respecto de la violencia sexual relacionada con los
           conflictos, incluidas las violaciones en situaciones de conflicto armado y posteriores
           a conflictos y otras situaciones pertinentes para la aplicación de la resolución 1888
           (2009), según proceda, que tengan en cuenta las características específicas de cada
           país;
                7.    Pide que se siga destinando a asesores de protección de la mujer a las
           misiones, de conformidad con la resolución 1888 (2009), para facilitar la aplicación
           de las resoluciones del Consejo de Seguridad relativas a las mujeres y la paz y la



13-37218                                                                                                        3

S/RES/2106 (2013)


               seguridad, exhorta al Secretario General a que asegure que la necesidad de asesores
               de protección de la mujer, su número y sus funciones se evalúen sistemáticamente
               en la planificación y el examen de cada misión de las Naciones Unidas para el
               mantenimiento de la paz y política, y asegure que estos expertos estén
               suficientemente capacitados y se desplieguen oportunamente; reconoce el papel de
               la Campaña de las Naciones Unidas contra la Violencia Sexual en los Conflictos en
               la facilitación de respuestas coordinadas de los agentes competentes de
               mantenimiento de la paz, humanitarios, de derechos humanos, políticos y de
               seguridad; y pone de relieve la necesidad de mejorar la coordinación, el intercambio
               de información, el análisis, la planificación de la respuesta y la aplicación en esos
               sectores;
                     8.   Reconoce el papel bien diferenciado que desempeñan los asesores en
               cuestiones de género para asegurar que todos los elementos de las misiones
               incorporen las perspectivas de género en las políticas, la planificación y la
               aplicación; exhorta al Secretario General a que siga destinando a asesores en
               cuestiones de género a las misiones de las Naciones Unidas para el mantenimiento
               de la paz y políticas, así como a las operaciones humanitarias, y a que asegure que
               todo el personal de mantenimiento de la paz y civil pertinente tenga una
               capacitación amplia en cuestiones de género;
                     9.    Reconoce el esfuerzo que realizan las entidades de las Naciones Unidas
               para asegurar que las comisiones de investigación pertenecientes a las Naciones
               Unidas que examinan situaciones de conflicto armado y posteriores a conflictos
               posean, cuando sea necesario, conocimientos especializados sobre los delitos
               sexuales y basados en el género a fin de documentar con precisión tales delitos, y
               alienta a todos los Estados Miembros a que presenten apoyo a esa labor;
                     10. Reitera su exigencia de que todas las partes en conflictos armados
               pongan fin completamente y con efecto inmediato a todos los actos de violencia
               sexual, y su llamamiento a que esas partes asuman y cumplan compromisos
               concretos y con plazos determinados para combatir la violencia sexual, que deben
               incluir, entre otras cosas, la impartición de órdenes claras a través de las cadenas de
               mando que prohíban la violencia sexual, y la rendición de cuentas por el
               incumplimiento de esas órdenes, la prohibición de la violencia sexual en los códigos
               de conducta y los manuales de campaña de las fuerzas militares y de policía o su
               equivalente, y a que asuman y cumplan compromisos concretos sobre la
               investigación oportuna de los presuntos abusos; además exhorta a todas las partes
               pertinentes en conflictos armados a que, en el marco de esos compromisos, cooperen
               con el personal apropiado de las misiones de las Naciones Unidas que supervisa su
               cumplimiento; y exhorta a las partes a que designen, según proceda, un
               representante de alto nivel encargado de asegurar el cumplimiento de dichos
               compromisos;
                     11. Pone de relieve la importante función que pueden desempeñar las
               mujeres, la sociedad civil, incluidas las organizaciones de mujeres, y los dirigentes
               comunitarios, oficiales y no oficiales, para ejercer influencia sobre las partes en los
               conflictos armados en lo que respecta a hacer frente a la violencia sexual;
                    12. Reitera la importancia de que, siempre que sea pertinente, la violencia
               sexual en los conflictos armados se incluya en las actividades de mediación y los
               acuerdos de cesación del fuego y de paz; solicita al Secretario General, los Estados
               Miembros y las organizaciones regionales que, cuando proceda, aseguren que los


4                                                                                                        13-37218

                                                                                               S/RES/2106 (2013)


           mediadores y los enviados en las situaciones en que se utilice como método o táctica
           bélicos, o como parte de un ataque generalizado o sistemático contra la población
           civil, traten de las cuestiones relativas a la violencia sexual con las mujeres, la
           sociedad civil, incluidas las organizaciones de mujeres, y los supervivientes de
           violencia sexual, entre otros, y asegure que esas preocupaciones se reflejen en
           disposiciones concretas de los acuerdos de paz, incluidas las relativas a las medidas
           de seguridad y los mecanismos de justicia de transición; insta a que la violencia
           sexual se incluya en la definición de los actos prohibidos en los acuerdos de alto el
           fuego y en las disposiciones sobre la vigilancia de los alto el fuego; y destaca la
           necesidad de que los delitos de violencia sexual queden excluidos de las
           disposiciones de amnistía en el contexto de los procesos de solución de conflictos;
                 13. Insta a los comités de sanciones existentes a que, cuando se cumplan los
           criterios pertinentes para la designación y en forma acorde con la resolución 1960
           (2010), apliquen sanciones selectivas contra quienes cometan y ordenen actos de
           violencia sexual en los conflictos; y reitera su intención, al aprobar o prorrogar
           sanciones selectivas en situaciones de conflicto armado, de considerar la posibilidad
           de incluir, según proceda, criterios de designación relativos a actos de violación y
           demás formas de violencia sexual grave;
                 14. Reconoce la función de los contingentes de las Naciones Unidas para el
           mantenimiento de la paz en la prevención de la violencia sexual, y, a este respecto,
           pide que toda la capacitación previa al despliegue y en la misión de los contingentes
           de países que aportan contingentes y fuerzas de policía incluya capacitación sobre
           violencia sexual y basada en el género, que también tenga en cuenta las necesidades
           específicas de los niños; además alienta a los países que aportan contingentes y
           fuerzas de policía a que aumenten el número de mujeres reclutadas y desplegadas en
           las operaciones de paz;
                15. Solicita al Secretario General que prosiga e intensifique los esfuerzos
           para aplicar la política de tolerancia cero frente a la explotación y los abusos
           sexuales cometidos por personal de las Naciones Unidas; e insta a los Estados
           Miembros pertinentes a que aseguren la plena rendición de cuentas, incluidos los
           enjuiciamientos, en los casos de ese tipo de conducta en que estén involucrados sus
           nacionales;
                 16. Solicita al Secretario General y a las entidades competentes de las
           Naciones Unidas que ayuden a las autoridades nacionales, con la participación
           efectiva de las mujeres, a atender las preocupaciones relativas a la violencia sexual
           de manera explícita en:
                a)    Los procesos de desarme, desmovilización y reintegración, entre otros
           medios, estableciendo mecanismos de protección de las mujeres y los niños en los
           lugares de acantonamiento, así como de los civiles que se encuentren muy cerca de
           lugares de acantonamiento, y en las comunidades de retorno, y ofreciendo apoyo en
           materia de traumas y reintegración a las mujeres y los niños anteriormente asociados
           con grupos armados, así como a los excombatientes;
                 b) Los procesos y las disposiciones de reforma del sector de la seguridad,
           incluso proporcionando una capacitación adecuada al personal de seguridad,
           alentando a que se incluya a más mujeres en el sector de la seguridad y
           estableciendo procesos efectivos de investigación de antecedentes a fin de excluir




13-37218                                                                                                      5

S/RES/2106 (2013)


               del sector de la seguridad a quienes hayan cometido actos de violencia sexual o sean
               responsables de actos de ese tipo;
                     c)   Las iniciativas de reforma del sector de la justicia, incluso mediante
               reformas legislativas y normativas para hacer frente a la violencia sexual; la
               capacitación de los profesionales de los sectores de la justicia y la seguridad en
               materia de violencia sexual y basada en el género y la inclusión de más mujeres en
               los niveles superiores de esos sectores; y las actuaciones judiciales que tengan en
               cuenta las necesidades específicas y la protección de los testigos y los
               supervivientes de violencia sexual en las situaciones de conflicto armado y
               posteriores a conflictos, así como de sus familiares;
                    17. Reconoce que las mujeres que han sido secuestradas por la fuerza para
               incorporarlas a grupos armados y fuerzas armadas, así como los niños, son
               especialmente vulnerables a la violencia sexual en las situaciones de conflicto
               armado o posteriores a conflictos, y, por tanto, exige que las partes en conflictos
               armados identifiquen y liberen de sus filas inmediatamente a esas personas;
                     18. Alienta a los Estados Miembros pertinentes a que utilicen los
               conocimientos especializados del equipo de expertos de las Naciones Unidas
               establecido en virtud de la resolución 1888 (2009), según proceda, a fin de
               fortalecer el estado de derecho y la capacidad de los sistemas de justicia civil y
               militar para hacer frente a la violencia sexual en las situaciones de conflicto armado
               y posteriores a conflictos como parte de la labor general destinada a fortalecer las
               salvaguardias institucionales contra la impunidad;
                     19. Reconoce la importancia de que se proporcione una asistencia oportuna a
               los supervivientes de violencia sexual, insta a las entidades de las Naciones Unidas
               y los donantes a que presten servicios no discriminatorios y completos de salud,
               incluida la salud sexual y reproductiva, apoyo psicosocial, jurídico y en materia de
               medios de subsistencia, y otros servicios multisectoriales a los supervivientes de
               violencia sexual, teniendo en cuenta las necesidades específicas de las personas con
               discapacidad; pide que se preste apoyo a las instituciones nacionales y las redes
               locales de la sociedad civil para aumentar los recursos y fortalecer la capacidad de
               prestar los servicios mencionados a los supervivientes de violencia sexual; alienta a
               los Estados Miembros y a los donantes a que apoyen los programas nacionales e
               internacionales que prestan asistencia a las víctimas de violencia sexual, como el
               Fondo Fiduciario para las Víctimas establecido en virtud del Estatuto de Roma y sus
               asociados en la ejecución; y solicita a las entidades competentes de las Naciones
               Unidas que aumenten los recursos asignados a la coordinación de la respuesta a la
               violencia basada en el género y la prestación de servicios;
                     20. Hace notar el nexo existente entre la violencia sexual en situaciones de
               conflicto armado y posteriores a conflictos y la infección por el VIH, y la
               desproporcionada carga que representan el VIH y el SIDA para las mujeres y las
               niñas como un obstáculo y un desafío persistente para la igualdad entre los géneros;
               e insta a las entidades de las Naciones Unidas, los Estados Miembros y los donantes
               a que apoyen el desarrollo y fortalecimiento de la capacidad de los sistemas
               nacionales de salud y las redes de la sociedad civil para prestar asistencia sostenible
               a las mujeres y las niñas que viven con el VIH y el SIDA o están afectadas por ellos
               en situaciones de conflicto armado y posteriores a conflictos;




6                                                                                                        13-37218

                                                                                                S/RES/2106 (2013)


                 21. Subraya las importantes funciones que pueden desempeñar las
           organizaciones, incluidas las de mujeres, y redes de la sociedad civil para mejorar la
           protección a nivel comunitario contra la violencia sexual en situaciones de conflicto
           armado y posteriores a conflictos y ayudar a los supervivientes a acceder a la
           justicia y obtener reparaciones;
                22. Solicita que el Secretario General le siga presentando informes anuales
           sobre la aplicación de las resoluciones relativas a las mujeres y la paz y la
           seguridad, así como la presente resolución, y le haga llegar su próximo informe a
           más tardar en marzo de 2014;
                23.   Decide seguir ocupándose activamente de la cuestión.




13-37218                                                                                                       7

Texte français (official French version): Nations Unies                                                                    S/RES/2106 (2013)
               Conseil de sécurité                                            Distr. générale
                                                                              24 juin 2013




               Résolution 2106 (2013)
               Adoptée par le Conseil de sécurité à sa 6984e séance,
               le 24 juin 2013

                    Le Conseil de sécurité,
                     Réaffirmant qu’il tient à ce que ses résolutions 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000),
               1325 (2000), 1612 (2005) 1674 (2006), 1738 (2006), 1820 (2008), 1882 (2009),
               1888 (2009), 1889 (2009), 1894 (2009), 1960 (2010), 1998 (2011) et 2068 (2012) et
               toutes les déclarations correspondantes de son président continuent d’être
               appliquées et le soient intégralement, dans toute leur complémentarité,
                     Remerciant le Secrétaire général de son rapport en date du 12 mars 2013
               (S/2013/149) et prenant note de l’analyse et des recommandations qui y figurent,
               mais demeurant profondément préoccupé par la lenteur des progrès réalisés dans
               l’application d’importants aspects de la résolution 1960 (2010) pour prévenir les
               violences sexuelles en période de conflit armé et d’après conflit, et notant que,
               comme le montre le rapport du Secrétaire général, des violences sexuelles sont
               commises dans de telles circonstances partout dans le monde,
                     Saluant la déclaration sur la prévention des violences sexuelles en période de
               conflit, que les ministres des affaires étrangères du Groupe des Huit ont adoptée à
               Londres le 11 avril 2013 et les engagements qui y sont pris en la matière,
                     Considérant que, pour décourager et prévenir les violences sexuelles, il est
               indispensable que ceux qui en commettent soient régulièrement et sévèrement
               poursuivis et que les pays assument leurs responsabilités et entreprennent de
               s’attaquer aux causes profondes des violences sexuelles commises en période de
               conflit armé, de même qu’il faut lutter contre les idées fausses selon lesquelles ces
               violences sexuelles sont un phénomène culturel, une conséquence inévitable de la
               guerre ou un délit mineur,
                     Affirmant que l’autonomisation politique, sociale et économique des femmes,
               l’égalité des sexes et la mobilisation des hommes et des garçons dans l’action menée
               pour combattre toutes les formes de violence contre les femmes sont au cœur des
               efforts à long terme visant à prévenir les violences sexuelles en période de conflit
               armé et d’après conflit; et soulignant qu’il importe d’appliquer intégralement la
               résolution 1325 (2000), tout en prenant note de l’élaboration en cours d’une série
               d’indicateurs visant à mesurer l’application donnée à cette résolution et aux autres



13-37216 (F)
*1337216*

S/RES/2106 (2013)


              résolutions concernant les femmes et la paix et la sécurité et saluant les efforts faits
              par ONU-Femmes dans ce domaine,
                    Notant avec préoccupation que les violences sexuelles commises en période de
              conflit armé et d’après conflit s’exercent de façon disproportionnée sur les femmes
              et les filles, ainsi que sur les groupes particulièrement vulnérables ou plus
              spécialement visés, sans qu’en soient épargnés les hommes et les garçons, ni ceux
              qui ont été traumatisés du fait qu’ils ont été des témoins forcés de violences
              sexuelles commises contre des proches; et soulignant que les actes de violence
              sexuelle en période de conflit non seulement empêchent sérieusement les femmes
              d’apporter une contribution essentielle à la société mais entravent aussi
              l’instauration de la paix et de la sécurité à long terme ainsi que le développement
              durable,
                    Considérant que c’est aux États qu’il incombe au premier chef de respecter et
              de garantir les droits fondamentaux de toutes les personnes présentes sur leur
              territoire et qui relèvent de leur juridiction, conformément aux dispositions du droit
              international; et réaffirmant que c’est aux parties aux conflits armés que revient la
              responsabilité première d’assurer la protection des civils,
                    Réaffirmant son respect pour la souveraineté, l’intégrité territoriale et
              l’indépendance politique de tous les États conformément à la Charte,
                    Rappelant que diverses infractions de violence sexuelle sont visées dans le
              Statut de Rome de la Cour pénale internationale et dans les statuts des tribunaux
              pénaux internationaux spéciaux,
                   Prenant note de la disposition énoncée dans le Traité sur le commerce des
              armes aux termes de laquelle les États parties exportateurs doivent tenir compte du
              risque que des armes classiques ou des biens visés dans le Traité puissent servir à
              commettre des actes graves de violence fondée sur le sexe ou des actes graves de
              violence contre les femmes et les enfants ou à en faciliter la commission,
                    Rappelant une fois encore que le droit international humanitaire interdit le viol
              et les autres formes de violence sexuelle,
                    Rappelant que la politique de diligence voulue en matière de droits de
              l’homme qui régit l’appui fourni par l’ONU aux forces autres que celles des Nations
              Unies permet de renforcer le respect du droit international humanitaire, du droit
              international des droits de l’homme et du droit international des réfugiés, et
              notamment de lutter contre les violences sexuelles commises en période de conflit
              armé et d’après conflit,
                    Ayant examiné le rapport du Secrétaire général et soulignant que la présente
              résolution n’a pas pour objet de se prononcer en droit sur le point de savoir si les
              situations visées dans ce rapport sont ou non des conflits armés au sens des
              Conventions de Genève et des protocoles additionnels s’y rapportant, et qu’elle ne
              préjuge pas le statut juridique des parties non étatiques en présence,
                    1.    Affirme que la violence sexuelle, utilisée ou commanditée comme
              méthode ou tactique de guerre ou dans le cadre d’une attaque généralisée ou
              systématique dirigée contre des populations civiles, peut considérablement
              exacerber et prolonger les conflits armés et compromettre le rétablissement de la
              paix et de la sécurité internationales; souligne à ce propos que des mesures efficaces
              destinées à prévenir et réprimer ces actes contribuent de manière importante au


2                                                                                                        13-37216

                                                                                                  S/RES/2106 (2013)


           maintien de la paix et de la sécurité internationales; insiste sur le fait qu’il est
           essentiel d’associer les femmes à toutes les mesures de prévention et de protection;
                 2.    Note que la violence sexuelle peut constituer un crime contre l’humanité
           ou un élément constitutif du crime de génocide, rappelle une fois encore que le viol
           et les autres violences sexuelles graves commises en période de conflit armé sont
           des crimes de guerre; demande aux États Membres de s’acquitter des obligations qui
           leur incombent en la matière et de continuer à lutter contre l’impunité, en menant
           des enquêtes et en engageant des poursuites contre les personnes relevant de leur
           juridiction qui sont responsables de tels crimes; encourage les États Membres à
           inclure l’ensemble des crimes de violence sexuelle dans leur législation pénale afin
           que les auteurs de tels crimes puissent être poursuivis; considère que la réalisation
           d’enquêtes efficaces et l’établissement de preuves documentaires dans les cas de
           violences sexuelles commises en période de conflit armé sont déterminants pour
           traduire en justice les auteurs de tels actes et assurer l’accès aux tribunaux de ceux
           qui ont subi de telles violences;
                 3.    Note que la lutte contre l’impunité pour les crimes les plus graves, au
           regard du droit international, qui ont été commis contre des femmes et des filles a
           été renforcée grâce aux travaux de la Cour pénale internationale, des tribunaux
           spéciaux et mixtes, ainsi que des chambres spécialisées des tribunaux nationaux et
           se redit résolu à poursuivre cette lutte avec énergie et à exiger des comptes en la
           matière par les moyens voulus;
                 4.    Appelle l’attention sur l’importance que revêt l’adoption d’une démarche
           envisageant la justice transitionnelle sous tous ses aspects en période de conflit ou
           d’après conflit et faisant appel à l’ensemble des mécanismes judiciaires ou non
           judiciaires, selon le cas;
                 5.    Considère qu’il doit examiner et suivre plus systématiquement, dans le
           cadre de ses propres travaux, les engagements concernant les violences sexuelles
           commises en période de conflit armé ou d’après conflit et ceux concernant les
           femmes et la paix et la sécurité et, à cet égard, fait part de son intention d’user, selon
           qu’il conviendra, de tous les moyens dont il dispose pour assurer la participation des
           femmes à tous les aspects de la médiation, du relèvement au lendemain de conflits
           et de la consolidation de la paix et pour lutter contre les violences sexuelles
           commises en période de conflit, y compris mais pas seulement dans le cadre de
           l’élaboration et de la révision des mandats de maintien de la paix et des mandats
           politiques, des déclarations publiques, des visites dans les pays, des missions
           d’établissement des faits, des commissions internationales d’enquête, des
           consultations avec les organismes régionaux et des travaux des comités des
           sanctions concernés;
                 6.    Estime qu’il est nécessaire de communiquer plus rapidement des
           informations plus objectives, exactes et fiables pour pouvoir prendre des mesures de
           prévention et de répression, et prie le Secrétaire général et les entités compétentes
           des Nations Unies d’accélérer l’établissement et la mise en œuvre des procédures de
           suivi, d’analyse et de communication de l’information concernant la violence
           sexuelle commise dans le cadre des conflits, notamment les viols commis en période
           de conflit armé ou d’après conflit et en d’autres circonstances auxquelles s’applique
           la résolution 1888 (2009), selon qu’il convient et compte tenu des spécificités de
           chaque pays;



13-37216                                                                                                          3

S/RES/2106 (2013)


                    7.    Demande que des conseillers pour la protection des femmes continuent
              d’être déployés, en application de sa résolution 1888 (2009), pour faciliter la mise
              en œuvre de ses résolutions relatives aux femmes et à la paix et la sécurité, et prie le
              Secrétaire général d’évaluer systématiquement la nécessité de prévoir de tels
              conseillers, mais aussi leur nombre et leurs attributions, lors de la planification et de
              l’examen de chacune des missions de maintien de la paix et des missions politiques
              des Nations Unies et de veiller à ce que ces experts soient convenablement formés et
              rapidement déployés; considère que la Campagne des Nations Unies contre les
              violences sexuelles commises en période de conflit facilite l’adoption de mesures
              concertées par les entités chargées du maintien de la paix, de l’aide humanitaire, des
              droits de l’homme, des affaires politiques et de la sécurité; et souligne qu’il faut
              améliorer la coordination, le partage d’informations, l’analyse, la planification et la
              mise en œuvre des interventions dans tous ces secteurs;
                    8.    Considère que les conseillers pour la problématique hommes-femmes
              jouent un rôle particulier s’agissant de faire en sorte que les questions touchant
              l’égalité des sexes soient dûment prises en compte lors de la planification et de la
              mise en œuvre des politiques par tous les éléments des missions; demande au
              Secrétaire général de continuer de déployer ces conseillers dans les missions de
              maintien de la paix, les missions politiques et les opérations humanitaires des
              Nations Unies, et à faire dispenser à tout le personnel de maintien de la paix,
              militaire et civil, une formation approfondie sur la problématique hommes-femmes;
                    9.  Salue les efforts faits par les Nations Unies pour que leurs commissions
              d’enquête en période de conflit armé et d’après conflit aient, lorsqu’il le faut, les
              compétences nécessaires pour rassembler des données exactes sur les crimes à
              motivation sexuelle et sexiste, et encourage tous les États Membres à soutenir ces
              efforts;
                    10. Exige à nouveau de toutes les parties à des conflits qu’elles mettent
              immédiatement et totalement fin à tous actes de violence sexuelle, et leur demande
              de prendre et de tenir des engagements précis et assortis de délais pour lutter contre
              la violence sexuelle, engagements qui doivent comprendre notamment la publication
              par les voies hiérarchiques d’instructions claires interdisant la violence sexuelle et
              définissant les sanctions encourues en cas d’infractions, l’interdiction de la violence
              sexuelle dans les codes de conduite, les manuels de campagnes à l’intention du
              personnel militaire et des effectifs de police et autres documents semblables, et de
              prendre et de tenir des engagements précis pour qu’il soit enquêté au plus vite sur
              les violations qui auraient été commises; demande en outre à toutes les parties à des
              conflits armés de coopérer avec le personnel concerné des Nations Unies pour qu’il
              puisse s’assurer du respect des engagements pris, et de désigner, le cas échéant, un
              représentant de haut niveau chargé de veiller à leur mise en œuvre;
                    11. Souligne que les femmes et la société civile, notamment les organisations
              féminines et les personnalités locales, officielles et officieuses, peuvent jouer un
              rôle important en usant de leur influence auprès des parties à un conflit armé afin de
              lutter contre la violence sexuelle;
                   12. Réaffirme qu’il importe de s’attaquer à la question des violences
              sexuelles en période de conflit armé, le cas échéant, dans le cadre des efforts de
              médiation, des accords de cessez-le-feu et de paix, invite le Secrétaire général, les
              États Membres et les organisations régionales, lorsque cette violence est utilisée
              comme méthode ou tactique de guerre ou dans le cadre d’une attaque généralisée ou


4                                                                                                         13-37216

                                                                                                S/RES/2106 (2013)


           systématique dirigée contre des populations civiles, à veiller, le cas échéant, à ce
           que les médiateurs et les envoyés engagent un dialogue sur la question des violences
           sexuelles, notamment avec la participation des femmes et de la société civile, y
           compris les organisations féminines et les personnes qui ont connu de telles
           violences, pour que cette question fasse l’objet de dispositions précises dans les
           accords de paix, notamment dans ceux ayant trait aux dispositifs de sécurité et de
           justice transitionnelle; demande instamment que les violences sexuelles figurent
           parmi les actes interdits dans les accords de cessez-le-feu et dans les dispositions
           relatives à la surveillance des cessez-le-feu, et souligne qu’il faut exclure les crimes
           de violence sexuelle du bénéfice des mesures d’amnistie prises dans le cadre de
           processus de règlement de conflits;
                 13. Prie instamment les comités des sanctions, se fondant sur les critères de
           qualification pertinents et se conformant aux dispositions de la résolution
           1960 (2010), d’imposer des sanctions ciblées contre quiconque commet ou fait
           commettre des violences sexuelles en période de conflit; et réaffirme son intention
           d’envisager, lorsqu’il adoptera des sanctions ciblées dans des situations de conflit
           armé ou les reconduira, d’y intégrer, le cas échéant, des critères de qualification des
           viols et autres violences sexuelles graves;
                14. Considère que les forces de maintien de la paix des Nations Unies
           peuvent aider à prévenir la violence sexuelle et, à cet égard, demande que toutes les
           formations dispensées avant le déploiement et sur le théâtre des opérations aux
           contingents des pays qui fournissent du personnel militaire ou des effectifs de police
           comportent un volet consacré à la violence sexuelle et sexiste, qui tienne également
           compte des besoins particuliers des enfants; et engage les pays fournisseurs de
           personnel militaire et d’effectifs de police à recruter et à déployer un plus grand
           nombre de femmes dans les opérations de paix;
                 15. Prie le Secrétaire général de poursuivre et renforcer les efforts qu’il
           mène en vue d’appliquer la politique de tolérance zéro à l’égard de l’exploitation et
           des agressions sexuelles imputables au personnel des Nations Unies; invite
           instamment les États Membres concernés à veiller à ce que leurs ressortissants qui
           se seraient rendus coupables de tels actes comparaissent devant leurs tribunaux pour
           en répondre pleinement;
                 16. Prie le Secrétaire général et les entités compétentes des Nations Unies
           d’aider les autorités nationales, avec la participation effective des femmes, à
           s’attaquer de front au problème de la violence sexuelle :
                 a)    Dans le cadre des processus de démobilisation, désarmement et
           réintégration, y compris, notamment en mettant en place des mécanismes de
           protection des femmes et des enfants dans les sites de cantonnement et des civils à
           proximité de ces sites ainsi que dans les communautés qu’ils réintègrent, et en
           offrant des services psychologiques et un soutien à la réintégration aux femmes et
           aux enfants qui étaient associés à des groupes armés ainsi qu’aux ex-combattants;
                b) Dans le cadre des processus et dispositifs de réforme du secteur de la
           sécurité, notamment en offrant une formation appropriée au personnel de sécurité,
           en encourageant l’intégration d’un plus grand nombre de femmes dans ce secteur et
           en veillant, par des mesures de vérification efficaces, à ce que ceux qui ont commis
           des actes de violence sexuelle ou en sont responsables en soient exclus;




13-37216                                                                                                        5

S/RES/2106 (2013)


                    c)     Dans le cadre des réformes judiciaires, notamment en procédant à une
              réforme des lois et politiques relatives à la violence sexuelle; en assurant la
              formation de professionnels de la justice et de la sécurité dans le domaine de la
              violence sexuelle et liée au sexe et l’intégration d’un plus grand nombre de femmes
              cadres dans ces secteurs et en instituant des procédures judiciaires qui tiennent
              compte des besoins particuliers, notamment de protection, des témoins et des
              personnes ayant subi des violences sexuelles en période de conflit armé et d’après
              conflit, et de leurs proches;
                    17. Considère que les femmes et les enfants qui ont été illégalement enrôlés
              dans des groupes et forces armés sont particulièrement exposés aux violences
              sexuelles commises en période de conflit armé et d’après conflit, et exige donc que
              les parties à des conflits armés recensent et libèrent immédiatement les femmes et
              les enfants présents dans leurs rangs;
                   18. Engage les États Membres concernés à faire appel aux compétences de
              l’Équipe d’experts des Nations Unies créée en application de la résolution
              1888 (2009) dont ils pourraient avoir besoin afin de renforcer l’état de droit et la
              capacité des systèmes de justice civile et militaire de lutter contre les violences
              sexuelles en période de conflit armé et d’après conflit dans le cadre des actions
              menées pour renforcer les garanties institutionnelles contre l’impunité;
                    19. Estime qu’il importe de venir rapidement en aide aux personnes ayant
              subi des violences sexuelles; invite instamment les entités des Nations Unies et les
              donateurs à offrir à celles-ci, sans aucune discrimination, une gamme complète de
              soins de santé, notamment sexuelle et procréative, un soutien psychosocial, une aide
              juridictionnelle et des moyens de subsistance, ainsi que d’autres services
              multisectoriels, compte tenu des besoins particuliers des personnes handicapées;
              demande qu’un appui soit apporté aux institutions nationales et aux réseaux de la
              société civile locale afin d’accroître les ressources et de renforcer les capacités dont
              ils disposent pour offrir de tels services; engage les États Membres et les donateurs
              à appuyer les programmes nationaux et internationaux d’aide aux victimes de
              violences sexuelles tels que le Fonds au profit des victimes créé par le Statut de
              Rome et ses partenaires d’exécution; prie les entités compétentes des Nations Unies
              d’allouer des ressources accrues à la coordination des interventions menées pour
              lutter contre la violence sexiste et à la prestation de services;
                    20. Constate qu’il existe un lien entre les violences sexuelles commises en
              période de conflit armé et d’après conflit et l’infection au VIH, et que le fardeau
              disproportionné que le VIH et le sida imposent aux femmes et aux filles constitue
              toujours un obstacle à l’égalité des sexes; et invite instamment les Nations Unies, les
              États Membres et les donateurs à appuyer le développement et le renforcement des
              capacités de systèmes de santé nationaux et de réseaux de la société civile afin qu’ils
              puissent fournir durablement une assistance aux femmes et aux filles vivant avec le
              VIH et le sida ou infectées par le virus en période de conflit armé ou d’après conflit;
                    21. Souligne que les organisations et réseaux de la société civile, notamment
              les organisations de femmes, peuvent jouer un rôle important dans l’amélioration de
              la protection à l’échelle locale contre les violences sexuelles en période de conflit
              armé ou d’après conflit et en aidant les personnes qui ont subi de telles violences à
              accéder à la justice et à obtenir réparation;




6                                                                                                        13-37216

                                                                                            S/RES/2106 (2013)


                22. Prie le Secrétaire général de continuer à lui présenter, tous les ans, des
           rapports sur la mise en œuvre de ses résolutions sur les femmes et la paix et la
           sécurité et de la présente résolution, et de présenter son prochain rapport d’ici au
           mois de mars 2014;
                23.   Décide de rester activement saisi de la question.




13-37216                                                                                                    7

Русский текст (official Russian version): Организация Объединенных Наций                                                          S/RES/2106 (2013)
            Совет Безопасности                                        Distr.: General
                                                                      24 June 2013




            Резолюция 2106 (2013),
            принятая Советом Безопасности на его 6984-м заседании
            24 июня 2013 года

                 Cовет Безопасности,
                 вновь подтверждая свою приверженность дальнейшему и полному осу-
            ществлению взаимно подкрепляющим образом резолюций 1265 (1999), 1296
            (2000), 1325 (2000), 1612 (2005), 1674 (2006), 1738 (2006), 1820 (2008), 1882
            (2009), 1888 (2009), 1889 (2009), 1894 (2009), 1960 (2010), 1998 (2011) и 2068
            (2012) и всех соответствующих заявлений своего Председателя,
                 выражая признательность Генеральному секретарю за его доклад от
            12 марта 2013 года (S/2013/149) и принимая к сведению содержащиеся в нем
            анализ и рекомендации, но по-прежнему испытывая глубокую озабоченность
            по поводу медленного осуществления важных аспектов резолюции 1960
            (2010), касающихся предотвращения сексуального насилия в условиях воору-
            женного конфликта и в постконфликтных ситуациях, и отмечая, как это доку-
            ментально подтверждается в докладе Генерального секретаря, что акты сексу-
            ального насилия совершаются в таких ситуациях во всем мире,
                отмечая Декларацию о предотвращении сексуального насилия в условиях
            конфликта, принятую министрами иностранных дел стран Группы восьми в
            Лондоне 11 апреля 2013 года, и закрепленные в ней обязательства в этом от-
            ношении,
                 признавая, что последовательное и строгое судебное преследование за
            преступления, связанные с сексуальным насилием, а также национальное ру-
            ководство деятельностью по устранению коренных причин сексуального наси-
            лия в условиях вооруженного конфликта и ответственность за нее имеют край-
            не важное значение для их сдерживания и предотвращения, поскольку развен-
            чивают мифы о том, что сексуальное насилие в условиях вооруженного кон-
            фликта является культурным явлением или неизбежным следствием войны, или
            не столь тяжким преступлением,
                 заявляя о том, что расширение политических, социальных и экономиче-
            ских возможностей женщин, обеспечение гендерного равенства и подключение
            мужчин и мальчиков к борьбе со всеми формами насилия в отношении женщин
            имеют крайне важное значение для долгосрочных усилий по предотвращению
            сексуального насилия в условиях вооруженного конфликта и в постконфликт-


13-37217 (R) 240613 240613
*1337217*

S/RES/2106 (2013)


               ных ситуациях, и подчеркивая важность всестороннего осуществления резо-
               люции 1325 (2000), отмечая при этом ведущуюся работу над комплексом пока-
               зателей осуществления резолюции 1325 (2000) и последующих резолюций, ка-
               сающихся женщин и мира и безопасности, и признавая усилия Структуры
               «ООН-женщины» в этой области,
                     отмечая с озабоченностью, что сексуальное насилие в условиях воору-
               женного конфликта и в постконфликтных ситуациях в гораздо большей степе-
               ни затрагивает женщин и девочек, а также группы, которые являются особо
               уязвимыми или могут быть выбраны специально в качестве его объекта, но
               также затрагивает мужчин и мальчиков и тех, кто побочно получает травмы в
               качестве вынужденных свидетелей сексуального насилия в отношении членов
               семей, и подчеркивая, что акты сексуального насилия в таких ситуациях не
               только серьезно препятствуют крайне важному участию женщин в жизни об-
               щества, но и сдерживают усилия по обеспечению прочного мира и безопасно-
               сти, а также устойчивого развития,
                    признавая, что государства, согласно нормам международного права, не-
               сут главную ответственность за уважение и обеспечение прав человека всех
               лиц на их территории и под их юрисдикцией, и вновь подтверждая, что сторо-
               ны в вооруженном конфликте несут главную ответственность за обеспечение
               защиты гражданских лиц,
                    вновь заявляя о своем уважении суверенитета, территориальной целост-
               ности и политической независимости всех государств в соответствии с Уста-
               вом,
                   напоминая о включении ряда преступлений, связанных с сексуальным на-
               силием, в Римский статут Международного уголовного суда и статуты специ-
               альных международных уголовных трибуналов,
                    отмечая содержащееся в Договоре о торговле оружием положение о том,
               что государства-участники, выступающие в роли экспортеров, должны учиты-
               вать риск того, что охватываемые им обычные вооружения и средства могут
               быть использованы для совершения или содействия совершению серьезных ак-
               тов гендерного насилия или серьезных актов насилия в отношении женщин и
               детей,
                    напоминая далее о том, что изнасилование и другие формы сексуального
               насилия запрещены в соответствии с международным гуманитарным правом,
                    напоминая о политике должной осмотрительности в вопросах прав чело-
               века при оказании Организацией Объединенных Наций поддержки силам безо-
               пасности, не связанным с Организацией Объединенных Наций, как одном из
               инструментов обеспечения более строгого соответствия с нормами междуна-
               родного гуманитарного права, международного права в области прав человека
               и международного беженского права, в том числе для борьбы с сексуальным
               насилием в условиях вооруженного конфликта и в постконфликтных ситуаци-
               ях,
                    рассмотрев доклад Генерального секретаря и подчеркивая, что настоящая
               резолюция не преследует цели дать какую-либо правовую квалификацию тому,
               являются ли ситуации, которые упоминаются в докладе Генерального секрета-
               ря, вооруженными конфликтами по смыслу Женевских конвенций и Дополни-



2                                                                                           13-37217

                                                                                      S/RES/2106 (2013)


           тельных протоколов к ним или нет, и не предрешает правового статуса негосу-
           дарственных сторон, вовлеченных в эти ситуации,
                1.   заявляет о том, что сексуальное насилие, когда оно используется
           или поощряется в качестве метода или тактики ведения войны или в рамках
           широко распространенных или систематических нападений на гражданских
           лиц, может приводить к существенному обострению и затягиванию вооружен-
           ных конфликтов и препятствовать восстановлению международного мира и
           безопасности, особо отмечает в этой связи, что принятие действенных мер в
           целях предупреждения таких актов сексуального насилия и реагирования на
           них в значительной степени способствует поддержанию международного мира
           и безопасности, и подчеркивает, что участие женщин существенно для приня-
           тия любых превентивных и защитных мер;
                2.   отмечает, что сексуальное насилие может представлять собой пре-
           ступление против человечности или одно из составляющих деяний примени-
           тельно к геноциду, напоминает далее о том, что изнасилование и другие серь-
           езные формы сексуального насилия в условиях вооруженного конфликта явля-
           ются военными преступлениями, призывает государства-члены выполнить
           взятые ими соответствующие обязательства в отношении продолжения борьбы
           с безнаказанностью посредством расследования дел и привлечения к ответст-
           венности подпадающих под их юрисдикцию лиц, виновных в совершении та-
           ких преступлений, призывает государства включить все виды преступлений,
           связанных с сексуальным насилием, в национальное уголовное законодатель-
           ство для обеспечения возможности судебного преследования за такие деяния,
           признает, что эффективное расследование и документирование случаев сексу-
           ального насилия в условиях вооруженного конфликта способствуют как при-
           влечению виновных к ответственности, так и обеспечению для потерпевших
           доступа к правосудию;
                3.  отмечает, что работа Международного уголовного суда, специаль-
           ных и смешанных трибуналов, а также специализированных палат националь-
           ных трибуналов способствовала усилению борьбы с безнаказанностью за вы-
           зывающие озабоченность у международного сообщества наиболее тяжкие пре-
           ступления, совершенные в отношении женщин и девочек, и вновь заявляет о
           своем намерении вести решительную борьбу с безнаказанностью и добиваться
           привлечения виновных к ответственности с использованием надлежащих
           средств;
                4.   обращает внимание на важность применения, в соответствующих
           случаях, всеобъемлющего подхода к правосудию в переходный период в усло-
           виях вооруженного конфликта и в постконфликтных ситуациях, охватывающе-
           го весь комплекс судебных и несудебных мер;
                5.   признает необходимость более систематического отслеживания сек-
           суального насилия в условиях вооруженного конфликта и в постконфликтных
           ситуациях и выполнения других обязательств в отношении женщин и мира и
           безопасности и уделения этому внимания в своей работе и в этой связи заявля-
           ет о своем намерении использовать в соответствующих случаях все имеющие-
           ся в его распоряжении средства для обеспечения участия женщин во всех ас-
           пектах посреднической деятельности, постконфликтного восстановления и ми-
           ростроительства и бороться с сексуальным насилием в условиях конфликта, в
           том числе, в частности, при учреждении и пересмотре миротворческих и по-


13-37217                                                                                             3

S/RES/2106 (2013)


               литических мандатов, в официальных заявлениях, при посещении стран, в
               рамках осуществления миссий по установлению фактов, в деятельности меж-
               дународных комиссий по расследованию, при проведении консультаций с ре-
               гиональными органами и в работе соответствующих комитетов по санкциям
               Совета Безопасности;
                    6.   признает необходимость наличия более своевременной, объектив-
               ной, точной и достоверной информации в качестве основы для принятия пре-
               вентивных мер и мер реагирования и просит Генерального секретаря и соот-
               ветствующие организации системы Организации Объединенных Наций уско-
               рить создание и введение в действие механизмов контроля, анализа и отчетно-
               сти о случаях сексуального насилия в условиях конфликта, включая, когда это
               уместно, случаи изнасилования в условиях вооруженного конфликта и в по-
               стконфликтных и других ситуациях, имеющих отношение к осуществлению
               резолюции 1888 (2009), с учетом специфики каждой страны;
                    7.   призывает к дальнейшему развертыванию советников по вопросам
               защиты женщин в соответствии с резолюцией 1888 (2009) для содействия осу-
               ществлению резолюций Совета Безопасности, касающихся женщин и мира и
               безопасности, и призывает Генерального секретаря обеспечить проведение
               систематической оценки потребностей в услугах таких советников и их коли-
               чества и функций при планировании и рассмотрении деятельности всех миро-
               творческих и политических миссий Организации Объединенных Наций и соот-
               ветствующую подготовку и своевременное развертывание этих экспертов и
               отмечает роль Программы действий Организации Объединенных Наций по
               борьбе с сексуальным насилием в условиях конфликта в деле содействия коор-
               динации мер реагирования соответствующих субъектов, занимающихся миро-
               творческой деятельностью, гуманитарными и политическими вопросами и во-
               просами прав человека и безопасности, и подчеркивает необходимость активи-
               зации координации, обмена информацией, аналитической деятельности, пла-
               нирования мер реагирования и осуществления деятельности во всех этих сек-
               торах;
                    8.   отмечает особую роль советников по гендерным вопросам в обес-
               печении учета всеми компонентами миссий гендерных аспектов в политике и
               при планировании и осуществлении деятельности, призывает Генерального
               секретаря продолжать направлять советников по гендерным вопросам в соот-
               ветствующие миротворческие и политические миссии Организации Объеди-
               ненных Наций, а также в гуманитарные операции и обеспечивать всеобъем-
               лющую подготовку по гендерным вопросам всего соответствующего миро-
               творческого и гражданского персонала;
                    9.   отмечает усилия структур Организации Объединенных Наций по
               обеспечению того, чтобы в комиссиях по расследованию Организации Объеди-
               ненных Наций в условиях вооруженного конфликта и в постконфликтных си-
               туациях имелся, при необходимости, опыт обстоятельного документирования
               сексуальных и гендерных преступлений, и призывает все государства-члены
               оказывать поддержку этим усилиям;
                    10. вновь подтверждает свое требование о незамедлительном и полном
               прекращении всеми сторонами в вооруженном конфликте всех актов сексуаль-
               ного насилия и вновь призывает эти стороны взять на себя и осуществлять
               конкретные и ограниченные по срокам выполнения обязательства в отношении


4                                                                                            13-37217

                                                                                     S/RES/2106 (2013)


           борьбы с сексуальном насилием, которые должны предусматривать, в частно-
           сти, отдание в порядке подчиненности четких приказов о запрещении сексу-
           ального насилия и об установлении ответственности за невыполнение этих
           приказов, закрепление запрета на сексуальное насилие в кодексах поведения,
           оперативных руководствах для военного и полицейского персонала или анало-
           гичных документах, и взять на себя и выполнять конкретные обязательства по
           своевременному расследованию предполагаемых нарушений, и призывает да-
           лее все соответствующие стороны в вооруженном конфликте при выполнении
           таких обязательств сотрудничать с соответствующим персоналом миссий Ор-
           ганизации Объединенных Наций, который отслеживает их выполнение, и при-
           зывает стороны назначать, в соответствующих случаях, представителя высоко-
           го уровня, ответственного за обеспечение выполнения таких обязательств;
                11. подчеркивает важную роль, которую могут играть женщины, граж-
           данское общество, включая женские организации, и формальные и неформаль-
           ные общинные лидеры в деле оказания влияния на стороны в вооруженном
           конфликте в отношении борьбы с сексуальным насилием;
                12. вновь заявляет о важности учета во всех соответствующих случаях
           проблемы сексуального насилия в условиях вооруженного конфликта в по-
           среднической деятельности и в соглашениях о прекращении огня и об установ-
           лении мира, просит Генерального секретаря, государства-члены и региональ-
           ные организации при необходимости обеспечивать , чтобы в ситуациях, когда
           сексуальное насилие используется в качестве метода или тактики ведения вой-
           ны или в рамках широко распространенных или систематических нападений на
           гражданских лиц, посредники и посланники осуществляли взаимодействие по
           вопросам сексуального насилия, в том числе с женщинами, гражданским об-
           ществом, включая женские организации, и жертвами сексуального насилия, и
           обеспечивали учет таких вызывающих озабоченность аспектов в конкретных
           положениях мирных соглашений, в том числе соглашений, касающихся мер
           обеспечения безопасности и механизмов правосудия в переходный период, на-
           стоятельно призывает к включению сексуального насилия в определение дея-
           ний, запрещенных в соответствии с соглашениями о прекращении огня, и в по-
           ложения о контроле за прекращением огня и подчеркивает необходимость ис-
           ключения преступлений, связанных с сексуальным насилием, из сферы дейст-
           вия положений об амнистии в контексте процессов урегулирования конфлик-
           тов;
                13. настоятельно призывает существующие комитеты по санкциям, ко-
           гда это подпадает под соответствующие критерии для включения в перечень, в
           соответствии с резолюцией 1960 (2010) вводить в действие целенаправленные
           санкции в отношении тех, кто совершает акты сексуального насилия в услови-
           ях конфликта или отдает приказы об их совершении, и вновь заявляет о своем
           намерении при введении в действие или продлении действия целенаправлен-
           ных санкций в ситуациях, связанных с вооруженным конфликтом, принимать
           во внимание, в соответствующих случаях, критерии обозначения, касающиеся
           актов, связанных с изнасилованиями и другими серьезными актами сексуаль-
           ного насилия;
               14. отмечает роль миротворческих контингентов Организации Объеди-
           ненных Наций в предотвращении сексуального насилия и в этой связи призы-
           вает к тому, чтобы во всех мероприятиях по учебной подготовке, проводимых



13-37217                                                                                            5

S/RES/2106 (2013)


               для контингентов стран, предоставляющих воинские и полицейские контин-
               генты, до их развертывания и в самой миссии, предусматривалась подготовка
               по вопросам сексуального и гендерного насилия, учитывающая также особые
               потребности детей, и призывает далее страны, предоставляющие воинские и
               полицейские контингенты, увеличить количество женщин, набираемых для ра-
               боты и работающих в составе миротворческих операций;
                    15. просит Генерального секретаря продолжать и активизировать уси-
               лия по проведению политики абсолютной нетерпимости по отношению к сек-
               суальной эксплуатации и надругательствам со стороны персонала Организации
               Объединенных Наций и настоятельно призывает соответствующие государст-
               ва-члены обеспечить полную подотчетность, включая судебное преследование,
               в случаях такого поведения их граждан;
                    16. просит Генерального секретаря и соответствующие структуры Ор-
               ганизации Объединенных Наций оказывать национальным властям помощь в
               рассмотрении — при эффективном участии женщин — вопросов, связанных с
               сексуальным насилием, особенно в рамках:
                     а)   процессов разоружения, демобилизации и реинтеграции, в том чис-
               ле, в частности, посредством создания механизмов для защиты женщин и детей
               в местах расквартирования, а также гражданских лиц, проживающих в непо-
               средственной близости от мест расквартирования и в общинах репатриантов, и
               оказания психологической и реинтеграционной поддержки женщинам и детям,
               которые ранее были связаны с вооруженными группами, а также бывшим ком-
               батантам;
                    b) процессов и мероприятий по реорганизации сектора безопасности, в
               том числе посредством обеспечения надлежащей учебной подготовки персона-
               ла органов безопасности, поощрения увеличения числа женщин в органах
               безопасности и проведения эффективных проверок для исключения из органов
               безопасности тех, кто совершил или несет ответственность за акты сексуально-
               го насилия;
                    c)   инициатив по реформе сектора правосудия, в том числе посредством
               проведения законодательных и политических реформ, направленных на борьбу
               с сексуальным насилием, учебной подготовки для сотрудников судебных орга-
               нов и органов безопасности по вопросам сексуального и гендерного насилия и
               увеличения в этих секторах числа женщин на должностях специалистов, и в
               рамках судебных разбирательств, учитывающих особые потребности свидете-
               лей и лиц, подвергшихся сексуальному насилию в условиях вооруженного
               конфликта и в постконфликтных ситуациях, и членов их семей и необходи-
               мость обеспечения их защиты;
                    17. признает, что женщины, которые были похищены и насильственно
               вовлечены в вооруженные группы и вооруженные силы, а также дети являются
               особо уязвимыми по отношению к сексуальному насилию в условиях воору-
               женного конфликта и в постконфликтных ситуациях, и в связи с этим требует,
               чтобы стороны в вооруженном конфликте немедленно выявили таких лиц в
               своих рядах и освободили их;
                    18. рекомендует соответствующим государствам-членам при необходи-
               мости использовать опыт Группы экспертов Организации Объединенных На-
               ций, учрежденной резолюцией 1888 (2009), для укрепления верховенства права


6                                                                                             13-37217

                                                                                    S/RES/2106 (2013)


           и способности систем гражданского и военного правосудия рассматривать де-
           ла, касающиеся сексуального насилия в условиях вооруженного конфликта и в
           постконфликтных ситуациях, в рамках более широких усилий по укреплению
           институциональных гарантий в борьбе с безнаказанностью;
                19. признает важность оказания своевременной помощи жертвам сексу-
           ального насилия, настоятельно призывает структуры Организации Объединен-
           ных Наций и доноров предоставлять жертвам сексуального насилия неизбира-
           тельную и всестороннюю медицинскую помощь, включая охрану сексуального
           и репродуктивного здоровья, психологическую, правовую и связанную с пре-
           доставлением средств к существованию поддержку и другие комплексные ус-
           луги, принимая во внимание особые потребности инвалидов, призывает ока-
           зывать национальным учреждениям и местным сетям гражданского общества
           помощь в увеличении объема ресурсов и расширении возможностей для пре-
           доставления указанных услуг лицам, подвергшимся сексуальному насилию,
           рекомендует государствам-членам и донорам оказывать поддержку националь-
           ным и международным программам оказания помощи жертвам сексуального
           насилия, таким как Целевой фонд для потерпевших, учрежденный Римским
           статутом и его партнерами по осуществлению деятельности, и просит соответ-
           ствующие структуры Организации Объединенных Наций увеличить объем ре-
           сурсов, выделяемых для координации мер реагирования на гендерное насилие
           и предоставления услуг;
                20. отмечает связь между сексуальным насилием в условиях воору-
           женного конфликта и в постконфликтных ситуациях и ВИЧ-инфицированием и
           то непропорционально сильное воздействие, которое ВИЧ и СПИД оказывают
           на женщин и девочек, в качестве сохраняющегося препятствия и вызова, за-
           трудняющих достижение цели гендерного равенства, и настоятельно призыва-
           ет организации системы Организации Объединенных Наций, государства-
           члены и доноров оказывать содействие созданию и укреплению потенциала
           национальных систем здравоохранения и сетей гражданского общества для
           оказания постоянной помощи женщинам и девочкам, инфицированным или за-
           тронутым ВИЧ и СПИДом, в условиях вооруженного конфликта и в посткон-
           фликтных ситуациях;
                21. подчеркивает важную роль, которую сети и организации граждан-
           ского общества, включая женские организации, могут играть в усилении на
           общинном уровне защиты от сексуального насилия в условиях вооруженного
           конфликта и в постконфликтных ситуациях и в оказании его жертвам помощи в
           получении компенсации и доступа к правосудию;
                22. просит Генерального секретаря продолжать представлять Совету
           ежегодные доклады об осуществлении резолюций, касающихся женщин и мира
           и безопасности, и настоящей резолюции и представить его следующий доклад
           к марту 2014 года;
               23.   постановляет продолжать активно заниматься этим вопросом.




13-37217                                                                                           7

中文文本 (official Chinese version): 联合国                                                              S/RES/2106 (2013)
               安全理事会                                          Distr.: General
                                                              24 June 2013




               第 2106(2013)号决议

               安全理事会 2013 年 6 月 24 日第 6984 次会议通过

                  安全理事会，

                  再次承诺以相互促进的方式继续全面执行第 1265(1999)、第 1296(2000)、
               第 1325(2000)、第 1612(2005)、第 1674(2006)、第 1738(2006)、第 1820(2008)、
               第 1882(2009)、第 1888(2009)、第 1889(2009)、第 1894(2009)、第 1960(2010)、
               第 1998(2011)和第 2068(2012)号决议和所有相关安理会主席声明，

                  感谢秘书长 2013 年 3 月 12 日提交报告(S/2013/149)，注意到报告中的分析
               和建议，但仍然深为关注在执行第 1960(2010)号决议的重要内容以便在武装冲突
               中和冲突后防止性暴力方面进展缓慢，并注意到如秘书长报告所述，世界各地的
               武装冲突中均有性暴力发生，

                  确认 8 国集团外长 2013 年 4 月 11 日在伦敦通过的《在冲突中防止性暴力的
               宣言》和《宣言》就此作出的承诺，

                  认识到不断积极起诉性暴力罪行，各国发挥主导作用和承担责任以消除武装
               冲突中性暴力行为的根源，并质疑武装冲突中性暴力是一种文化现象、是战争的
               必然结果或是一种较轻的罪行等说法，是阻止和防止性暴力的关键，

                  申明增强妇女的政治、社会和经济权能、实现两性平等和让男子和男孩参加
               打击一切形式侵害妇女暴力行为的工作，是防止武装冲突中和冲突后性暴力的长
               期努力的核心；强调全面执行第 1325(2000)号决议的重要性，同时注意到目前正
               在制订一套指标，以用于执行第 1325(2000)号决议和其后有关妇女与和平与安全
               的各项决议，并确认妇女署在这方面的努力，

                  关切地注意到武装冲突中和冲突后的性暴力对妇女和女孩、对特别容易遭受
               此类暴力的群体或此类暴力具体针对的群体的影响尤其大，但也影响到男子和男
               孩以及也因被迫目睹家人遭受性暴力侵害而受到惊吓的人；强调在这种情况下，


13-37214 (C)
*1337214C*

S/RES/2106 (2013)


               性暴力行为不仅严重阻碍妇女对社会做出重大贡献，而且阻碍实现持久和平与安
               全以及可持续发展，

                    认识到按照国际法的规定，各国负有尊重和保障本国境内和受其管辖的所有
               人的人权的首要责任；重申武装冲突各方负有确保平民得到保护的首要责任，

                    重申根据《宪章》尊重所有国家的主权、领土完整和政治独立，

                    回顾《国际刑事法院罗马规约》和各特设国际刑事法庭规约中都列有各类性
               暴力罪，

                    注意到《武器贸易条约》规定，出口武器的缔约方应考虑到条约涵盖的常规
               武器或物项有可能被用来对妇女和儿童实施或协助实施重大性别暴力或重大暴
               力，

                    还回顾国际法禁止强奸和其他形式的性暴力，

                    回顾《联合国向非联合国安全部队提供支持的人权尽职政策》是一个加强对
               国际人道主义法、人权法和难民法的遵守、包括处理武装冲突中和冲突后的性暴
               力问题的工具，

                    审议了秘书长的报告，强调本决议不寻求对秘书长报告所述局势是否属于
               《日内瓦四公约》及其《附加议定书》范畴内的武装冲突作出任何法律认定，也
               不预先判定此类局势所涉非国家当事方的法律地位，

                    1.   申明，性暴力，如果作为一种战争方法或策略，或作为针对平民发动的
               广泛或有计划攻击的一部分来使用或施行，可严重加剧武装冲突并延长其持续时
               间，阻碍恢复国际和平与安全；为此强调，采取有效步骤防止和应对这类性暴力
               行为可大大有助于维护国际和平与安全；强调任何预防和保护对策都必须有妇女
               的参与；

                    2.   指出性暴力可构成危害人类罪，或是构成灭绝种族罪的行为，还回顾武
               装冲突中的强奸和其他形式的重大性暴力均为战争罪；呼吁会员国履行相关义
               务，继续通过调查和起诉受其管辖的应对这些罪行负责的人，来消除有罪不罚现
               象；鼓励会员国在本国刑法内列入所有各类性暴力罪行，以便起诉这些行为；认
               识到有效调查和记录武装冲突中的性暴力对于将暴力实施者绳之以法和为幸存
               者声张正义都非常重要；

                    3.   指出，国际刑事法院、特别和混合法庭以及国家法院的特别分庭开展的
               工作加强了为结束国际社会关注的危害妇女和女孩的最重大罪行不受惩罚局面
               作出的努力；重申安理会打算继续采用适当方式，大力清除有罪不罚现象并追查
               责任；




2                                                          13-37214 (C)

                                                       S/RES/2106 (2013)


                 4.   提请注意酌情采用综合做法在武装冲突中和冲突后处理过渡司法问题、
               包括采取各种司法和非司法措施的重要性；

                 5.   认识到需要在自己的工作中更加系统地监测和注意武装冲突中和冲突
               后的性暴力问题和其他有关妇女与和平与安全的承诺，为此表示打算酌情利用所
               有相关手段让妇女参加调解、冲突后恢复和建设和平工作的所有方面，其中包括
               维和和政治任务的制订和审查、公开发言、对各国的访问、实况调查团、国际调
               查委员会、与区域机构进行的协商和安全理事会各相关制裁委员会的工作；

                 6. 认识到需要有更加及时、客观、准确和可靠的信息来进行预防和处理，
               请秘书长和联合国相关实体加快确立和做出安排，以便酌情监测、分析和报告武
               装冲突中和冲突后的性暴力(包括武装冲突中和冲突后的强奸行为)以及与执行
               第 1888(2009)号决议有关的其他情况，同时考虑到各国的具体情况；

                 7.   呼吁根据第 1888 号决议进一步部署妇女保护顾问，以协助执行安全理
               事会关于妇女与和平与安全的各项决议，呼吁秘书长确保在规划和审查每个联合
               国维和和政治特派团过程中系统评估是否需要妇女保护顾问、顾问的人数和作
               用，确保这些专家经过适当培训和及时进行部署；认识到联合国制止冲突中性暴
               力行动在促进有关维和、人道主义、人权、政治和安全行为体做出协调反应方面
               的作用，强调这些行为体需要加强它们之间的协调、信息共享、分析、以及应对
               措施的制订和执行；

                 8.   认识到性别平等顾问发挥独特作用，确保特派团所有部门的政策、规划
               和执行都考虑到性别平等问题；呼吁秘书长继续在联合国相关维和和政治特派团
               以及人道主义行动中部署性别平等顾问，确保对所有相关维和人员和文职人员进
               行全面的性别平等培训；

                 9.   确认联合国实体作出努力，确保武装冲突中和冲突后的联合国调查委员
               会在必要时拥有性犯罪和性别犯罪领域的专业人员，以准确记录这些罪行，并鼓
               励所有会员国支持这些努力；

                 10. 再次要求武装冲突所有各方立即完全停止一切性暴力，再次呼吁它们作
               出并履行有具体时限的消除性暴力的承诺，这些承诺除其他外，应包括通过指挥
               系统发出明确命令，禁止性暴力和追究违反命令的责任，在行为守则、野战手册
               或相应的文件中禁止性暴力，作出并履行关于及时调查所指控侵害行为的具体承
               诺；还呼吁武装冲突所有相关各方根据这些承诺同监测承诺履行情况的有关联合
               国特派团人员合作，呼吁有关各方酌情指定高级别代表，负责确保这些承诺得到
               履行；

                 11. 强调妇女、包括妇女组织在内的民间社会和社区正式和非正式领袖可发
               挥重要作用，在处理性暴力问题上对武装冲突各方施加影响力；



13-37214 (C)                                                          3

S/RES/2106 (2013)


                    12. 重申必须在适当时，在调解工作、停火和和平协议中处理武装冲突中和
               冲突后的性暴力问题；请秘书长、会员国和区域组织酌情确保调解人和特使在性
               暴力被用作战争方法或策略，或作为针对平民发动的广泛或有计划攻击的一部分
               时，参与处理性暴力问题，包括同妇女、民间社会(包括妇女组织和性暴力幸存
               者)进行接触，确保在和平协议、包括安全安排和过渡司法机制协议的具体规定
               中体现这些关注；敦促将性暴力列入停火所禁止的有关行为的定义中和监测停火
               的规定；强调在解决冲突的过程中，有关大赦的规定不得列入性暴力罪行；

                    13. 敦促现有的各制裁委员会在符合相关指认标准时根据第 1960(2010)号
               决议，对在冲突中实施和指示实施性暴力的人进行定向制裁；重申打算在武装冲
               突中采取或延长定向制裁时，考虑酌情列入指认强奸行为和其他形式重大性暴力
               的标准；

                    14. 确认联合国维和特遣队在防止性暴力方面的作用，为此要求部队和警察
               派遣国特遣队的部署前培训和随团培训有性暴力和性别暴力方面的培训，并考虑
               到儿童的不同需求；还鼓励部队和警察派遣国在维和行动中更多地招聘和部署妇
               女；

                    15. 请秘书长继续并加强努力，对联合国人员的性剥削和性虐待行为采取零
               容忍政策；敦促有关会员国确保在本国人员有此类行为时全面追究责任，包括提
               起起诉；

                    16. 请秘书长和联合国相关实体在妇女切实参与的情况下协助各国当局处
               理性暴力问题，特别是在以下方面：

                    (a) 解除武装、复员和重返社会进程，包括建立在驻扎营地保护妇女和儿童
               的机制以及在驻扎营地附近和回返社区中保护平民的机制，为那些以前与武装团
               体有关联和曾经是作战人员的妇女和儿童提供医治心理创伤和重返社会的支助；

                    (b) 安全部门改革进程和安排，包括为安全人员提供适当培训，鼓励更多妇
               女加入安全部门，进行有效的审查，不让实施性暴力或应对性暴力行为负责的人
               进入安全部门；

                    (c) 司法部门改革举措，包括进行旨在消除性暴力的立法和政策改革；对司
               法和安全部门专业人员进行性暴力和性别暴力培训，让更多妇女加入这些部门的
               专业人员队伍；司法程序要考虑到武装冲突中和冲突后的性暴力的证人以及暴力
               幸存者及其家人的特殊需求和他们的保护工作；

                    17. 认识到被强行劫持入武装团体和武装部队的妇女以及儿童尤其容易受
               武装冲突中和冲突后的性暴力的侵害，为此要求武装冲突各方立即在自己部队中
               找出这些人并让其离队；




4                                                              13-37214 (C)

                                                        S/RES/2106 (2013)


                 18. 鼓励有关会员国酌情利用第 1888(2009)号决议所设联合国专家组的专
               业人员来加强法治，加强文职和军事司法系统处理武装冲突中和冲突后的性暴力
               的能力，以此进一步努力加强旨在消除有罪不罚的体制措施；

                 19. 确认必须及时为性暴力幸存者提供援助，敦促联合国实体和捐助方为性
               暴力的幸存者提供非歧视性的综合保健服务(包括性保健和生殖保健)、心理、法
               律、谋生服务和其他多领域服务，同时考虑到残疾人的具体需求；要求支持各国
               的机构和地方民间社会网络增加资源和提高能力，为性暴力的幸存者提供上述服
               务；鼓励会员国和捐助方支持援助性暴力受害者的国家和国际方案，例如罗马规
               约和规约执行伙伴设立的被害人信托基金；请联合国相关实体增拨资源，用于协
               调性别暴力应对措施和提供服务；

                 20. 注意到武装冲突中和冲突后的性暴力与艾滋病毒的感染有关联，艾滋病
               毒和艾滋病给妇女和女孩造成的负担尤其大，是实现性别平等的一个长期障碍和
               挑战；敦促联合国实体、会员国和捐助方支持培养和加强国家保健系统和民间社
               会网络的能力，持久为武装冲突中和冲突后感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病或受其影响的
               妇女和女孩提供援助；

                 21. 强调妇女组织等民间社会组织和网络可发挥重要作用，使社区在武装冲
               突中和冲突后进一步保护妇女不受性暴力的侵害，协助幸存者寻求公正和赔偿；

                 22. 请秘书长继续向安理会提交年度报告，介绍有关妇女与和平与安全的各
               项决议和本决议的执行情况，并在 2014 年 3 月提交下一次报告；

                 23. 决定继续积极处理此案。




13-37214 (C)                                                           5

النص العربي (official Arabic version): ‫)‪S/RES/2106 (2013‬‬                                                                                ‫ﺍﻷﻣــﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤـﺪﺓ‬
‫‪Distr.: General‬‬
‫‪24 June 2013‬‬                                                                                ‫ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‬



                                                                                     ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪(٢٠١٣) ٢١٠٦‬‬
                      ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺍﲣﺬﻩ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﰲ ﺟﻠﺴﺘﻪ ‪ ٦٩٨٤‬ﺍﳌﻌﻘﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ‪ ٢٤‬ﺣﺰﻳﺮﺍﻥ‪/‬ﻳﻮﻧﻴﻪ ‪٢٠١٣‬‬
                                                                                          ‫ﺇﻥ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ‪،‬‬
                  ‫ﺇﺫ ﻳﻌﻴــــﺪ ﺗﺄﻛﻴــــﺪ ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣــــﻪ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴــــﺬ ﺍﻟﻘــــﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ‪ (١٩٩٩) ١٢٦٥‬ﻭ ‪(٢٠٠٠) ١٢٩٦‬‬
                    ‫ﻭ ‪ (٢٠٠٠) ١٣٢٥‬ﻭ ‪ (٢٠٠٥) ١٦١٢‬ﻭ ‪ (٢٠٠٦) ١٦٧٤‬ﻭ ‪ (٢٠٠٦) ١٧٣٨‬ﻭ ‪١٨٢٠‬‬
                    ‫)‪ (٢٠٠٨‬ﻭ ‪ (٢٠٠٩) ١٨٨٢‬ﻭ ‪ (٢٠٠٩) ١٨٨٨‬ﻭ ‪ (٢٠٠٩) ١٨٨٩‬ﻭ ‪(٢٠٠٩) ١٨٩٤‬‬
                  ‫ﻭ ‪ (٢٠١٠) ١٩٦٠‬ﻭ ‪ (٢٠١١) ١٩٩٨‬ﻭ ‪ (٢٠١٢) ٢٠٦٨‬ﻭﲨﻴـــــﻊ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻧـــــﺎﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟـــــﺼﻠﺔ‬
                                                                 ‫ﻼ ﻭﺗﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻭﻣﺘﺂﺯﺭﺍﹰ‪،‬‬
                                                                                  ‫ﺍﻟﺼﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﻪ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﹰﺍ ﻣﺘﻮﺍﺻ ﹰ‬
                  ‫ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳﻌــﺮﺏ ﻋــﻦ ﺷــﻜﺮﻩ ﻟﻸﻣــﲔ ﺍﻟﻌــﺎﻡ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳــﺮ ﺍﳌــﺆﺭﺥ ‪ ١٢‬ﺁﺫﺍﺭ‪/‬ﻣــﺎﺭﺱ ‪٢٠١٣‬‬
                  ‫)‪ (S/2013/149‬ﻭﺇﺫ ﳛﻴﻂ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴـﻞ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺻـﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻓﻴـﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛـﺎﻥ ﻻ ﻳـﺰﺍﻝ ﻳـﺴﺎﻭﺭﻩ‬
                  ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﻖ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺑﻂﺀ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﻫﺎﻣﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪ (٢٠١٠) ١٩٦٠‬ﳌﻨـﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ ﰲ‬
                  ‫ﺣــﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟــﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌــﺴﻠﺢ ﻭﻣــﺎ ﺑﻌــﺪ ﺍﻧﺘــﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋــﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳﻼﺣــﻆ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤــﻮ ﺍﳌﻮﺛــﻖ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳــﺮ‬
                            ‫ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ ﺗﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﰲ ﺷﱴ ﺃﳓﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ‪،‬‬
                  ‫ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳﺸﻴﺪ ﺑﺎﻹﻋﻼﻥ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﺍﻋﺘﻤـﺪﻩ ﻭﺯﺭﺍﺀ‬
                  ‫ﺧﺎﺭﺟﻴــﺔ ﳎﻤﻮﻋــﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﻠــﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺜﻤﺎﻧﻴــﺔ ﰲ ﻟﻨــﺪﻥ ﰲ ‪ ١١‬ﻧﻴــﺴﺎﻥ‪/‬ﺃﺑﺮﻳــﻞ ‪ ،٢٠١٣‬ﻭﲟ ـﺎ ﻭﺭﺩ ﻓﻴــﻪ ﻣــﻦ‬
                                                                                       ‫ﺍﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺩ‪،‬‬
                  ‫ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳــﺴﻠﻢ ﺑــﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻘــﺔ ﺍﻟﻘــﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﳓــﻮ ﻣﺘــﺴﻖ ﻭﺻــﺎﺭﻡ ﳌــﺮﺗﻜﱯ ﺟــﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻨــﻒ‬
                  ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﻹﺿﺎﻓﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻠﻜﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻱ ﻟﻸﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﳉﺬﺭﻳﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ‬
                  ‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺢ ﺗﺘـﺴﻢ ﺑﺄﳘﻴـﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳـﻴﺔ ﻟﺮﺩﻋـﻪ ﻭﻣﻨﻌـﻪ‪ ،‬ﺷـﺄﻬﻧﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟـﻚ ﺷـﺄﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻬـﺔ ﺍﳋﺮﺍﻓـﺎﺕ‬
                  ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻠــﺔ ﺑــﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨــﻒ ﺍﳉﻨــﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺳــﻴﺎﻕ ﺍﻟــﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌــﺴﻠﺢ ﻇـﺎﻫﺮﺓ ﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴــﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻧﺘﻴﺠــﺔ ﺣﺘﻤﻴــﺔ ﻟﻠﺤــﺮﺏ‬
                                                                                           ‫ﺃﻭ ﺟﺮﳝﺔ ﺃﻗﻞ ﺧﻄﻮﺭﺓ‪،‬‬

                                                                                                                        ‫)‪13-37213 (A‬‬
                                                                                                          ‫*‪*1337213‬‬

                                                                                                                ‫)‪S/RES/2106 (2013‬‬


           ‫ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺃﻥ ﲤﻜﲔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﹰﺎ ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳌـﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺑـﲔ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﲔ‬
           ‫ﻭﺇﺷــﺮﺍﻙ ﺍﻟﺮﺟــﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴــﺎﻥ ﰲ ﺍﳉﻬــﻮﺩ ﺍﳌﺒﺬﻭﻟــﺔ ﳌﻜﺎﻓﺤــﺔ ﲨﻴــﻊ ﺃﺷــﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨــﻒ ﺿــﺪ ﺍﳌــﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﻣــﻮﺭ‬
           ‫ﺗﺘﺴﻢ ﺑﺄﳘﻴﺔ ﺃﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﰲ ﺇﻃـﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﻬـﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﻮﻳﻠـﺔ ﺍﻷﺟـﻞ ﺍﳌﺒﺬﻭﻟـﺔ ﳌﻨـﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺣـﺎﻻﺕ‬
           ‫ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋﺎﺕ؛ ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳﺸﺪﺩ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﳘﻴـﺔ ﺗﻨﻔﻴـﺬ ﺍﻟﻘـﺮﺍﺭ ‪(٢٠٠٠) ١٣٢٥‬‬
           ‫ﺗﻨﻔﻴـﺬﹰﺍ ﺗﺎﻣـﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻣــﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻮﻳــﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻌﻤــﻞ ﺍﳉــﺎﺭﻱ ﺑــﺸﺄﻥ ﻭﺿــﻊ ﳎﻤﻮﻋــﺔ ﻣــﻦ ﺍﳌﺆﺷــﺮﺍﺕ ﻣــﻦ ﺃﺟــﻞ ﺗﻨﻔﻴــﺬ‬
           ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪ (٢٠٠٠) ١٣٢٥‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻣـﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘـﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﺎﻟـﺪﻭﺭ‬
                                                         ‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗﺆﺩﻳﻪ ﻫﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻟﻠﻤﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
           ‫ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﻣـﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﻠـﻖ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺣـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟـﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌـﺴﻠﺢ ﻭﻣـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﻧﺘـﻬﺎﺀ‬
           ‫ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋــﺎﺕ ﻳــﺆﺛﺮ ﺑــﺸﻜﻞ ﻏــﲑ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﻟﻨــﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴــﺎﺕ ﻭﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﻟﻔﺌــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟــﺸﺪﻳﺪﺓ ﺍﻟــﻀﻌﻒ‬
           ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟــﱵ ﻗــﺪ ﺗــﺴﺘَﻬﺪﻑ ﺑــﺼﻔﺔ ﺧﺎﺻــﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳــﺆﺛﺮ ﻛــﺬﻟﻚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗــﺖ ﻧﻔــﺴﻪ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﻟﺮﺟــﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴــﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
           ‫ﻭﻋﻠــﻰ ﻣــﻦ ﺗــﺼﻴﺒﻬﻢ ﺻــﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻧﻔــﺴﻴﺔ ﻏــﲑ ﻣﺒﺎﺷــﺮﺓ ﺑــﺴﺒﺐ ﺇﺭﻏــﺎﻣﻬﻢ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻣــﺸﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﺃﻓــﺮﺍﺩ ﻣــﻦ‬
           ‫ﺍﻷﺳــﺮﺓ ﻳﺘﻌﺮﺿــﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﻌﻨــﻒ ﺍﳉﻨــﺴﻲ؛ ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳﺆﻛــﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻋﻤــﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨــﻒ ﺍﳉﻨــﺴﻲ ﰲ ﻫــﺬﻩ ﺍﳊــﺎﻻﺕ‬
           ‫ﻻ ﺗﺴﺪ ﺍﻟﻄﺮﻳﻖ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﺳﻬﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺣﺎﲰﺔ ﰲ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺃﻳﻀﹰﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﺭﺳـﺎﺀ ﺍﻟـﺴﻼﻡ‬
                                                                  ‫ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﺋﻤﲔ ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ‪،‬‬
           ‫ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺗﺘﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻡ ﻭﻛﻔﺎﻟـﺔ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ ﺍﻹﻧـﺴﺎﻥ‬
           ‫ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﳌﻮﺟـﻮﺩﻳﻦ ﰲ ﺃﺭﺍﺿـﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﺿـﻌﲔ ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺘـﻬﺎ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺍﻟﻨﺤـﻮ ﺍﳌﻨـﺼﻮﺹ ﻋﻠﻴـﻪ ﰲ‬
           ‫ﺃﺣﻜــﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻘــﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟــﺪﻭﱄ؛ ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳﺆﻛــﺪ ﻣــﻦ ﺟﺪﻳــﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺃﻃــﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟــﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌــﺴﻠﺢ ﻣــﺴﺆﻭﻟﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻘــﺎﻡ‬
                                                                          ‫ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﻋﻦ ﻛﻔﺎﻟﺔ ﲪﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﲔ‪،‬‬
           ‫ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳﺆﻛــﺪ ﻣــﻦ ﺟﺪﻳــﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﺮﺍﻣــﻪ ﻟــﺴﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﲨﻴــﻊ ﺍﻟــﺪﻭﻝ ﻭﺳــﻼﻣﺔ ﺃﺭﺍﺿــﻴﻬﺎ ﻭﺍﺳــﺘﻘﻼﳍﺎ‬
                                                                                 ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﻓﻘﺎ ﻟﻠﻤﻴﺜﺎﻕ‪،‬‬
           ‫ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳــﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﻃﺎﺋﻔــﺔ ﻣــﻦ ﺟــﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻨــﻒ ﺍﳉﻨــﺴﻲ ﰲ ﻧﻈــﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﻣــﺎ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳـــﻲ‬
                        ‫ﻟﻠﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻧﻈﻤﺔ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﺤﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺨﺼﺼﺔ‪،‬‬
           ‫ﻭﺇﺫ ﳛﻴﻂ ﻋﻠﻤﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻧﺺ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﻫﺪﺓ ﲡﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﺳﻠﺤﺔ ﺑﺄﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﻝ‬
           ‫ﺍﻷﻃـــﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﳌـــﺼﺪﺭﺓ ﻟﻸﺳـــﻠﺤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗـــﻀﻊ ﰲ ﺍﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﻫـــﺎ ﺧﻄـــﺮ ﺍﺳـــﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﺳـــﻠﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳـــﺔ‬
           ‫ﺃﻭ ﺍﻷﺻﻨﺎﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪﻳـﺔ ﺍﳌـﺸﻤﻮﻟﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﻌﺎﻫـﺪﺓ ﻻﺭﺗﻜـﺎﺏ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﻋﻨـﻒ ﺟﻨـﺴﺎﱐ ﺧﻄـﲑﺓ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎﻝ‬
                                                     ‫ﻋﻨﻒ ﺧﻄﲑﺓ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﻬﺑﺎ‪،‬‬
           ‫ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳﺸﲑ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﳛﺮﻡ ﺍﻻﻏﺘﺼﺎﺏ ﻭﻏـﲑﻩ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﺷـﻜﺎﻝ‬
                                                                         ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ‪،‬‬


‫‪13-37213‬‬                                                                                                                       ‫‪2‬‬

‫)‪S/RES/2106 (2013‬‬


               ‫ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﺑﺬﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺟﺒﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺣﻘـﻮﻕ ﺍﻹﻧـﺴﺎﻥ ﻋﻨـﺪ ﺗﻘـﺪﱘ ﺩﻋـﻢ‬
               ‫ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺇﱃ ﻗﻮﺍﺕ ﺃﻣﻨﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺗﺎﺑﻌـﺔ ﻟﻸﻣـﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤـﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻮﺻـﻔﻬﺎ ﺃﺩﺍﺓ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳـﺰ ﺍﻻﻣﺘﺜـﺎﻝ ﻟﻠﻘـﺎﻧﻮﻥ‬
               ‫ﺍﻹﻧــﺴﺎﱐ ﺍﻟــﺪﻭﱄ ﻭﺍﻟﻘــﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟــﺪﻭﱄ ﳊﻘــﻮﻕ ﺍﻹﻧــﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﻗــﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﻼﺟــﺌﲔ ﺍﻟــﺪﻭﱄ‪ ،‬ﲟــﺎ ﻳــﺸﻤﻞ ﻣﻨــﻊ‬
                                              ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋﺎﺕ‪،‬‬
               ‫ﻭﻗــﺪ ﻧﻈــﺮ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳــﺮ ﺍﻷﻣــﲔ ﺍﻟﻌــﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺫ ﻳﺆﻛــﺪ ﺃﻥ ﻫــﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘــﺮﺍﺭ ﻻ ﻳــﺴﻌﻰ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺒــﺖ ﻣــﻦ‬
               ‫ﺍﻟﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﻧﻴﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻧـﺖ ﺍﳊـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌـﺸﺎﺭ ﺇﻟﻴﻬـﺎ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺮ ﺍﻷﻣـﲔ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻡ ﺗـﺸﻜﻞ ﻧﺰﺍﻋـﺎﺕ‬
               ‫ﻣﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺃﻡ ﻻ ﰲ ﺳﻴﺎﻕ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﻴﺎﺕ ﺟﻨﻴﻒ ﻭﺑﺮﻭﺗﻮﻛﻮﻟﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺿﺎﻓﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻳﻨﻄـﻮﻱ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺃﻱ ﺣﻜـﻢ‬
                              ‫ﻣﺴﺒﻖ ﺑﺸـﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻮﺿﻊ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻟﻠﺠﻬﺎﺕ ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻟﻌﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ‪،‬‬
               ‫‪ - ١‬ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﺣـﲔ ﻳُـﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺃﻭ ﻳُـﻮﻋﺰ ﺑﺎﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻣﻪ ﻛﻮﺳـﻴﻠﺔ ﻣـﻦ‬
               ‫ﻭﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻉ ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﺘﻴﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻜﺘﻴﻜﺎﺗﻪ ﺃﻭ ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﻫﺠﻮﻡ ﻭﺍﺳﻊ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ﺃﻭ ﻣـﻨﻈﻢ ﺿـﺪ ﺍﻟـﺴﻜﺎﻥ‬
               ‫ﺍﳌـــﺪﻧﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﻗـــﺪ ﻳـــﺆﺩﻱ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺳـــﺘﻔﺤﺎﻝ ﺣـــﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟـــﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌـــﺴﻠﺢ ﻭﺇﻃﺎﻟـــﺔ ﺃﻣـــﺪﻫﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺣـــﺪ ﻛــﺒﲑ‪،‬‬
               ‫ﻭﻗﺪ ﻳﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﺋﻘﹰﺎ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﺭﺳﺎﺀ ﺍﻟـﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟـﺪﻭﻟﻴﲔ؛ ﻭﻳﺆﻛـﺪ ﰲ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺍﻟـﺼﺪﺩ ﺃﻥ ﺍﲣـﺎﺫ‬
               ‫ﺍﻹﺟﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﳌﻨﻊ ﻭﻗﻮﻉ ﻣﺜﻞ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﻭﺍﻟﺘـﺼﺪﻱ ﳍـﺎ ﻳـﺴﻬﻢ ﺇﺳـﻬﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻛـﺒﲑﹰﺍ ﰲ ﺻـﻮﻥ‬
               ‫ﺍﻟـﺴﻠﻢ ﻭﺍﻷﻣــﻦ ﺍﻟــﺪﻭﻟﻴﲔ؛ ﻭﻳــﺸﺪﺩ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺃﻥ ﻣــﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌــﺮﺃﺓ ﺃﺳﺎﺳــﻴﺔ ﻷﻱ ﺍﺳــﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺻــﻌﻴﺪ‬
                                                                                                 ‫ﺍﳌﻨﻊ ﻭﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ؛‬
                        ‫‪ - ٢‬ﻳﻼﺣــﻆ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨــﻒ ﺍﳉﻨــﺴﻲ ﻗــﺪ ﻳــﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﺮﳝــﺔ ﺿــﺪ ﺍﻹﻧــﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻓﻌـ ﹰ‬
               ‫ﻼ ﻣﻨــﺸﺌﹰﺎ‬
                ‫ﳉﺮﳝﺔ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻹﺑﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳉﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ؛ ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﲑ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻻﻏﺘﺼﺎﺏ ﻭﻏﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺷﻜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ‬
                ‫ﺍﳋﻄـــﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋـــﺎﺕ ﺍﳌـــﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻫـــﻲ ﺟـــﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺣـــﺮﺏ؛ ﻭﻳـــﺪﻋﻮ ﺍﻟـــﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋـــﻀﺎﺀ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﲤﺘﺜـــﻞ‬
               ‫ﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﺎﻬﺗــﺎ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟــﺼﻠﺔ ﲟﻮﺍﺻــﻠﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤــﺔ ﺍﻹﻓــﻼﺕ ﻣــﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘــﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻣــﻦ ﺧــﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴــﻖ ﻣــﻊ‬
                ‫ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﳋﺎﺿﻌﲔ ﻟﻮﻻﻳﺘﻬﺎ ﺍﳌﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺎﺏ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﻭﳏﺎﻛﻤﺘﻬﻢ؛ ﻭﻳـﺸﺠﻊ ﲨﻴـﻊ‬
               ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻨﻄﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺗـﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺋﻴـﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ ﻹﺗﺎﺣـﺔ‬
                ‫ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﳏﺎﻛﻤﺔ ﻣﺮﺗﻜﱯ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻓﻌﺎﻝ؛ ﻭﻳﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﲢﻘﻴﻘـﺎﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻟـﺔ ﺑـﺸﺄﻥ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ‬
                ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺢ ﻭﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﻳﺴﺎﻋﺪﺍﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘـﺪﱘ ﺍﳉﻨـﺎﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟـﺔ‬
                                                      ‫ﻭﻛﻔﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﳉﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﻀﺤﺎﻳﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺣﺪ ﺳﻮﺍﺀ؛‬
               ‫‪ - ٣‬ﻳﻼﺣــﻆ ﺃﻥ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤــﺔ ﺍﻹﻓــﻼﺕ ﻣــﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘــﺎﺏ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺃﺧﻄــﺮ ﺍﳉــﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟــﱵ ﲢﻈــﻰ‬
               ‫ﺑﺎﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﱄ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺮﺗﻜﺐ ﺿﺪ ﺍﻟﻨـﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴـﺎﺕ ﻣـﺎ ﻓﺘﺌـﺖ ﺗﺘﻌـﺰﺯ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﻋﻤـﻞ ﺍﶈﻜﻤـﺔ‬
               ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺎﺋﻴــﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴــﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﶈــﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﳌﺨﺼــﺼﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﺘﻠﻄــﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟــﺪﻭﺍﺋﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼــﺼﺔ ﰲ ﺍﶈــﺎﻛﻢ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴــﺔ؛‬
               ‫ﻭﻳﺆﻛــﺪ ﻣــﻦ ﺟﺪﻳــﺪ ﻋﺰﻣــﻪ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﻣﻮﺍﺻــﻠﺔ ﻣﻜﺎﻓﺤــﺔ ﺍﻹﻓــﻼﺕ ﻣــﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘــﺎﺏ ﺑﻘــﻮﺓ ﻭﺩﻋــﻢ ﺍﳌــﺴﺎﺀﻟﺔ‬
                                                                                               ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ؛‬


‫‪3‬‬                                                                                                                    ‫‪13-37213‬‬

                                                                                                                ‫)‪S/RES/2106 (2013‬‬


           ‫‪ - ٤‬ﻳﻠﻔﺖ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﺒﺎﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻭﺿﻊ ﻬﻧﺞ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﻟﻠﻌﺪﺍﻟـﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴـﺔ ﰲ ﺣـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟـﱰﺍﻉ‬
           ‫ﺍﳌــﺴﻠﺢ ﻭﻣــﺎ ﺑﻌــﺪ ﺍﻧﺘــﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋــﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻳــﺸﻤﻞ ﺍﻟﻨﻄــﺎﻕ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﻣــﻞ ﻟﻠﺘــﺪﺍﺑﲑ ﺍﻟﻘــﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﻏــﲑ ﺍﻟﻘــﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
                                                                                               ‫ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﻀﺎﺀ؛‬
           ‫‪ - ٥‬ﻳﻘﺮ ﺑـﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻴـﺎﻡ ﺑـﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻛﺜـﺮ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﻣـﺎ ﺑﺮﺻـﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺣـﺎﻻﺕ‬
           ‫ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﻧﺘـﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣـﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﺧـﺮﻯ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ ﺑـﺎﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺍﻟـﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻣـﻦ‬
           ‫ﻭﺇﻳﻼﺋﻬﺎ ﺍﻻﻫﺘﻤﺎﻡ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻘـﻮﻡ ﺑـﻪ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻌـﺮﺏ ﰲ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺍﻟـﺼﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋـﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺰﺍﻣـﻪ ﺍﺳـﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ‬
           ‫ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﺎﺣﺔ ﻟﺪﻳﻪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻟﻜﻔﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﰲ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺟﻮﺍﻧـﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺳـﺎﻃﺔ‬
           ‫ﻭﺍﻹﻧﻌﺎﺵ ﻭﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟـﱰﺍﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻌﺎﳉـﺔ ﻣـﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺣـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟـﱰﺍﻉ‪،‬‬
           ‫ﲟــﺎ ﻳــﺸﻤﻞ ﺇﻧــﺸﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺳــﺘﻌﺮﺍﺽ ﻭﻻﻳــﺎﺕ ﺣﻔــﻆ ﺍﻟــﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻻﻳــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟــﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻹﺩﻻﺀ ﺑﺒﻴﺎﻧــﺎﺕ‬
           ‫ﻋﺎﻣــﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺟــﺮﺍﺀ ﺯﻳــﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻗﻄﺮﻳــﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻳﻔــﺎﺩ ﺑﻌﺜــﺎﺕ ﻟﺘﻘــﺼﻲ ﺍﳊﻘــﺎﺋﻖ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻧــﺸﺎﺀ ﳉــﺎﻥ ﲢﻘﻴــﻖ ﺩﻭﻟﻴــﺔ‪،‬‬
           ‫ﻭﺇﺟـــﺮﺍﺀ ﻣـــﺸﺎﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﻣـــﻊ ﺍﳍﻴﺌــﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴـــﺔ ﻭﰲ ﺃﻋﻤـــﺎﻝ ﳉـــﺎﻥ ﺍﳉـــﺰﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟـــﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌـــﺔ‬
                                                                                                 ‫ﺠﻤﻟﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ؛‬
           ‫‪ - ٦‬ﻳﻘﺮ ﺑﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺰﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘـﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﺛـﻮﻕ‬
           ‫ﻬﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﺖ ﻛﺄﺳﺎﺱ ﳌﻨﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻱ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻄﻠـﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣـﲔ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﱃ‬
           ‫ﻛﻴﺎﻧــﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣــﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤــﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴــﺔ ﺍﻷﺧــﺮﻯ ﺍﻹﺳــﺮﺍﻉ ﰲ ﻭﺿــﻊ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴــﺬ ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺒــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺮﺻــﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴــﻞ‬
           ‫ﻭﺍﻹﺑﻼﻍ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ ﺍﳌﺘـﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﱰﺍﻋـﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﲟـﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟـﻚ ﺍﻻﻏﺘـﺼﺎﺏ ﰲ ﺣـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟـﱰﺍﻉ‬
           ‫ﺍﳌــﺴﻠﺢ ﻭﻣــﺎ ﺑﻌــﺪ ﺍﻧﺘــﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋ ـﺎﺕ ﻭﻏــﲑ ﺫﻟــﻚ ﻣــﻦ ﺍﳊــﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﳌﺘــﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺘﻨﻔﻴــﺬ ﺍﻟﻘــﺮﺍﺭ ‪١٨٨٨‬‬
                                               ‫)‪ ،(٢٠٠٩‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﻋﺎﺓ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﻴﺔ ﻛﻞ ﺑﻠﺪ؛‬
           ‫‪ - ٧‬ﻳــﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﱃ ﻧــﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﺰﻳــﺪ ﻣــﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﺘــﺸﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻟــﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﲪﺎﻳــﺔ ﺍﳌــﺮﺃﺓ ﻋﻤــﻼ ﺑــﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ‬
           ‫‪ ١٨٨٨‬ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﻴﺴﲑ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﳎﻠﺲ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﺑﺸﺄﻥ ﺍﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﺍﻟـﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻣـﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳـﺪﻋﻮ ﺍﻷﻣـﲔ‬
           ‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻔﺎﻟﺔ ﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺗﻘﻴﻴﻢ ﻣﻨﺘﻈﻢ ﻟﻼﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟـﺎﺕ ﻣـﻦ ﻣﺴﺘـﺸﺎﺭﻱ ﺷـﺆﻭﻥ ﲪﺎﻳـﺔ ﺍﳌـﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﻋـﺪﺩﻫﻢ‬
           ‫ﻭﺃﺩﻭﺍﺭﻫﻢ ﻟـﺪﻯ ﲣﻄـﻴﻂ ﻛـﻞ ﺑﻌﺜـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻌﺜـﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣـﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤـﺪﺓ ﳊﻔـﻆ ﺍﻟـﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺑﻌﺜﺎﻬﺗـﺎ ﺍﻟـﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‬
           ‫ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻌﺮﺍﺿــﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﱃ ﻛﻔﺎﻟــﺔ ﺍﻟﺘــﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﻼﺋــﻢ ﳍــﺆﻻﺀ ﺍﳋــﱪﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧــﺸﺮﻫﻢ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗــﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳـــﺐ؛‬
           ‫ﻭﻳﻨﻮﻩ ﲟﺎ ﺗﻀﻄﻠﻊ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺒﺎﺩﺭﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﳌﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺣـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟـﱰﺍﻉ ﻣـﻦ ﺩﻭﺭ‬
           ‫ﰲ ﺗﻴــﺴﲑ ﺍﻻﺳــﺘﺠﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨــﺴﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﺠﻬــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﻋﻠــﺔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴــﺔ ﰲ ﳎــﺎﻻﺕ ﺣﻔــﻆ ﺍﻟــﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻤــﺎﻝ‬
           ‫ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﻭﺗﺒﺎﺩﻝ ﺍﳌﻌﻠﻮﻣـﺎﺕ‬
                             ‫ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻼﺕ ﻭﲣﻄﻴﻂ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬﻫﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻧﻄﺎﻕ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﺎﺕ؛‬




‫‪13-37213‬‬                                                                                                                       ‫‪4‬‬

‫)‪S/RES/2106 (2013‬‬


               ‫‪ - ٨‬ﻳﻨﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺍﻟـﺬﻱ ﻳـﻀﻄﻠﻊ ﺑـﻪ ﻣﺴﺘـﺸﺎﺭﻭ ﺍﻟـﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻛﻔﺎﻟـﺔ‬
               ‫ﻗﻴـــﺎﻡ ﲨﻴـــﻊ ﻋﻨﺎﺻـــﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜـــﺎﺕ ﺑﺘﻌﻤـــﻴﻢ ﻣﺮﺍﻋـــﺎﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﻈـــﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳉﻨـــﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ ﳎـــﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟـــﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ‬
               ‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺨﻄﻴﻂ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬ؛ ﻭﻳﻬﻴﺐ ﺑـﺎﻷﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺍﺻـﻞ ﻧـﺸﺮ ﻣﺴﺘـﺸﺎﺭﻳﻦ ﻟﻠـﺸﺆﻭﻥ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﰲ‬
               ‫ﺑﻌﺜﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﳊﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺑﻌﺜﺎﻬﺗﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﻬﺗـﺎ ﺍﻹﻧـﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟـﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻔﺎﻟـﺔ‬
                           ‫ﺗﻮﻓﲑ ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺟﻨﺴﺎﱐ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺃﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﳌﻮﻇﻔﲔ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﲔ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﲔ؛‬
               ‫‪ - ٩‬ﻳﻨﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﳉﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺒﺬﳍﺎ ﻛﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣـﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤـﺪﺓ ﻟﻜﻔﺎﻟـﺔ ﺣـﺼﻮﻝ ﳉـﺎﻥ ﺗﻘـﺼﻲ‬
               ‫ﺍﳊﻘــﺎﺋﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺑﻌــﺔ ﻟﻸﻣــﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤــﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺣــﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟــﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌــﺴﻠﺢ ﻭﻣــﺎ ﺑﻌــﺪ ﺍﻧﺘــﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋــﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺣــﺴﺐ‬
               ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘــﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﳋ ـﱪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻼﺯﻣــﺔ ﰲ ﳎــﺎﻝ ﺍﳉــﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﳉﻨــﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﳉﻨــﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻣــﻦ ﺃﺟــﻞ ﺗﻮﺛﻴــﻖ ﻫــﺬﻩ‬
                                            ‫ﺍﳉﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺑﺪﻗﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺩﻋﻢ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳉﻬﻮﺩ؛‬
               ‫‪ - ١٠‬ﻳﻜﺮﺭ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﺘﻪ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺃﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻉ ﺑﻮﻗـﻒ ﲨﻴـﻊ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ ﻭﻗﻔـﹰﺎ‬
               ‫ﻼ ﻭﻓﻮﺭﻳﹰﺎ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﻜﺮﺭ ﺩﻋﻮﺗﻪ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻌﻬﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣـﺎﺕ ﳏـﺪﺩﺓ ﻭﺫﺍﺕ ﺇﻃـﺎﺭ ﺯﻣـﲏ‬                ‫ﻛﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
               ‫ﳌﻜﺎﻓﺤﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ ﺗﺸﻤﻞ ﲨﻠﺔ ﺃﻣﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺇﺻﺪﺍﺭ ﺃﻭﺍﻣﺮ ﻭﺍﺿﺤﺔ ﻋﱪ ﺗﺴﻠﺴﻞ ﻗﻴﺎﺩﺍﻬﺗﺎ ﲢﻈـﺮ‬
               ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨــﻒ ﺍﳉﻨــﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﶈﺎﺳــﺒﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺧــﺮﻕ ﻫــﺬﻩ ﺍﻷﻭﺍﻣــﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟــﻨﺺ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺣﻈــﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻨــﻒ ﺍﳉﻨــﺴﻲ ﰲ‬
                ‫ﻣﺪﻭﻧﺎﺕ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻮﻙ ﻭﺃﺩﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌـﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺪﺍﻧﻴـﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣـﺎ ﺷـﺎﻬﺑﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﻬـﺪ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣـﺎﺕ‬
                ‫ﳏـــﺪﺩﺓ ﺑـــﺎﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﰲ ﺍﻻﻋﺘـــﺪﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺰﻋﻮﻣـــﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗـــﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳـــﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻮﻓـــﺎﺀ ﺑﺘﻠـــﻚ ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣـــﺎﺕ؛‬
                ‫ﻭﻳﻬﻴــﺐ ﻛــﺬﻟﻚ ﲜﻤﻴــﻊ ﺍﻷﻃــﺮﺍﻑ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟــﺼﻠﺔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋــﺎﺕ ﺍﳌــﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻌــﺎﻭﻥ ﰲ ﺇﻃــﺎﺭ ﻫــﺬﻩ‬
               ‫ﺍﻻﻟﺘﺰﺍﻣﺎﺕ ﻣـﻊ ﻣـﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﺑﻌﺜـﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣـﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤـﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻌﻨـﻴﲔ ﺑﺮﺻـﺪ ﺗﻨﻔﻴـﺬﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻬﻴـﺐ ﺑـﺎﻷﻃﺮﺍﻑ ﺃﻥ‬
                     ‫ﻼ ﺭﻓﻴﻊ ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻯ ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻻﹰ ﻋﻦ ﺿﻤﺎﻥ ﺗﻨﻔﻴﺬ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﻬﺪﺍﺕ؛‬              ‫ﺗﻌﲔ ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﻀﺎﺀ ﳑﺜ ﹰ‬
               ‫‪ - ١١‬ﻳﺸﺪﺩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘـﻮﻡ ﺑـﻪ ﺍﳌـﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤـﻊ ﺍﳌـﺪﱐ‪ ،‬ﲟـﺎ ﰲ‬
               ‫ﺫﻟــﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨــﺴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺯﻋﻤــﺎﺀ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤــﻊ ﺍﻟــﺮﲰﻴﲔ ﻭﻏــﲑ ﺍﻟــﺮﲰﻴﲔ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘــﺄﺛﲑ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺃﻃــﺮﺍﻑ‬
                                                       ‫ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺼﺪﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ؛‬
               ‫‪ - ١٢‬ﻳﻜﺮﺭ ﺗﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﺃﳘﻴـﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﳉـﺔ ﻣـﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟـﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌـﺴﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﺣـﺴﺐ‬
               ‫ﺍﻻﻗﺘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺇﻃﺎﺭ ﺟﻬﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﻃﺔ ﻭﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﻒ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻄﻠـﺐ ﺇﱃ‬
               ‫ﺍﻷﻣـﲔ ﺍﻟﻌــﺎﻡ ﻭﺍﻟـﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋــﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤــﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﻗﻠﻴﻤﻴــﺔ‪ ،‬ﺣــﺴﺐ ﺍﻻﻗﺘــﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻛﻔﺎﻟــﺔ ﻗﻴــﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻮﺳــﻄﺎﺀ‬
               ‫ﻭﺍﳌﺒﻌـــﻮﺛﲔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﳊـــﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟـــﱵ ﻳُــﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﻓﻴﻬـــﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـــﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـــﺴﻲ ﻛﻮﺳـــﻴﻠﺔ ﻣـــﻦ ﻭﺳـــﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﻟـــﱰﺍﻉ‬
               ‫ﺃﻭ ﺗﻜﺘﻴــﻚ ﻣــﻦ ﺗﻜﺘﻴﻜﺎﺗــﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻛﺠــﺰﺀ ﻣــﻦ ﺍﳍﺠﻤــﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻨﺘﻈﻤــﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺳــﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﻄــﺎﻕ ﺿــﺪ ﳎﻤﻮﻋــﺎﺕ‬
               ‫ﺍﻟﺴﻜﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﺪﻧﻴﲔ‪ ،‬ﲟﻌﺎﳉـﺔ ﻗـﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﲟـﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﺃﻃـﺮﺍﻑ ﻣـﻦ ﺑﻴﻨـﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻨـﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤـﻊ‬
               ‫ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﻭﺿـﺤﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻔﺎﻟـﺔ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﻫـﺬﻩ ﺍﻟـﺸﻮﺍﻏﻞ‬
               ‫ﰲ ﺃﺣﻜــﺎﻡ ﳏــﺪﺩﺓ ﻣــﻦ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟــﺴﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﲟــﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟــﻚ ﺍﻷﺣﻜــﺎﻡ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟــﺼﻠﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒــﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻨﻴــﺔ‬


‫‪5‬‬                                                                                                                     ‫‪13-37213‬‬

                                                                                                           ‫)‪S/RES/2106 (2013‬‬


           ‫ﻭﺁﻟﻴــﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﺍﻟــﺔ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻘﺎﻟﻴــﺔ؛ ﻭﳛ ـﺚ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨــﻒ ﺍﳉﻨــﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳــﻒ ﺍﻷﻋﻤــﺎﻝ ﺍﶈﻈــﻮﺭﺓ‬
           ‫ﲟﻮﺟﺐ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﻗﻒ ﺇﻃﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺭ ﻭﰲ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ ﺑﺮﺻـﺪ ﻭﻗـﻒ ﺇﻃـﻼﻕ ﺍﻟﻨـﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳـﺸﺪﺩ‬
           ‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺿـﺮﻭﺭﺓ ﺍﺳـﺘﺜﻨﺎﺀ ﺟـﺮﺍﺋﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﺣﻜـﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﻔـﻮ ﺍﻟﻌـﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺳـﻴﺎﻕ ﻋﻤﻠﻴـﺎﺕ ﺣـﻞ‬
                                                                                              ‫ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋﺎﺕ؛‬
           ‫‪ - ١٣‬ﳛــﺚ ﳉــﺎﻥ ﺍﳉــﺰﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤــﺔ‪ ،‬ﺿــﻤﻦ ﻧﻄــﺎﻕ ﻣﻌــﺎﻳﲑ ﺍﻹﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘــﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺫﺍﺕ‬
           ‫ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲟﺎ ﻳﺘﻔﻖ ﻣـﻊ ﺍﻟﻘـﺮﺍﺭ ‪ ،(٢٠١٠) ١٩٦٠‬ﻋﻠـﻰ ﻓـﺮﺽ ﺟـﺰﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﳏـﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﳍـﺪﻑ ﺿـﺪ ﻣَـﻦ‬
           ‫ﻳﺮﺗﻜﺒﻮﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺣـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟـﱰﺍﻉ؛ ﻭﻳﻜـﺮﺭ ﺍﻹﻋـﺮﺍﺏ ﻋـﻦ ﺍﻋﺘﺰﺍﻣـﻪ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻈـﺮ‪،‬‬
           ‫ﻟﺪﻯ ﻓﺮﺽ ﺃﻭ ﲡﺪﻳﺪ ﺟﺰﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﳏـﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﳍـﺪﻑ ﰲ ﺣـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟـﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌـﺴﻠﺢ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﲨﻠـﺔ ﺃﻣـﻮﺭ ﻣﻨـﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
           ‫ﺣـﺴﺐ ﺍﻻﻗﺘــﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌــﺎﻳﲑ ﻟــﻺﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘــﻮﺍﺋﻢ ﺗﺘﻌﻠــﻖ ﺑﺄﻋﻤــﺎﻝ ﺍﻻﻏﺘــﺼﺎﺏ ﻭﻏــﲑﻩ ﻣــﻦ ﺃﺷــﻜﺎﻝ‬
                                                                                  ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ ﺍﳋﻄﲑ؛‬
           ‫‪ - ١٤‬ﻳﻨﻮﻩ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻭﺭ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺗـﻀﻄﻠﻊ ﺑـﻪ ﻭﺣـﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻷﻣـﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤـﺪﺓ ﳊﻔـﻆ ﺍﻟـﺴﻼﻡ ﰲ ﻣﻨـﻊ‬
           ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨــﻒ ﺍﳉﻨــﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳــﺪﻋﻮ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻫــﺬﺍ ﺍﻟــﺼﺪﺩ‪ ،‬ﺇﱃ ﺇﺩﺭﺍﺝ ﺗــﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﻋــﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨــﻒ ﺍﳉﻨــﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﳉﻨــﺴﺎﱐ‬
           ‫ﻳﺮﺍﻋــﻲ ﻛــﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟــﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻤــﺎﻳﺰﺓ ﻟﻸﻃﻔــﺎﻝ ﰲ ﲨﻴــﻊ ﺍﻟــﺪﻭﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﺪﺭﻳﺒﻴــﺔ ﺍﻟــﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﻟﻠﻨــﺸﺮ‬
           ‫ﻭﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﻌﺜﺎﺕ ﻟﻮﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﻠﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺑﻘﻮﺍﺕ ﻋﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻭﺣﺪﺍﺕ ﺷﺮﻃﺔ؛ ﻭﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﻛـﺬﻟﻚ‬
           ‫ﺍﻟﺒﻠــﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﳌــﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﺑﻘــﻮﺍﺕ ﻋــﺴﻜﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﻭﺣــﺪﺍﺕ ﺷــﺮﻃﺔ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺯﻳــﺎﺩﺓ ﻋــﺪﺩ ﺍﻟﻨــﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻠــﻮﺍﰐ ﳚــﺮﻱ‬
                                                            ‫ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺪﺍﻣﻬﻦ ﻭﺇﻳﻔﺎﺩﻫﻦ ﻟﻠﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ؛‬
           ‫‪ - ١٥‬ﻳﻄﻠــﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣــﲔ ﺍﻟﻌــﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺍﺻــﻞ ﺑــﺬﻝ ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳــﺰ ﺍﳉﻬــﻮﺩ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻣﻴــﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻨﻔﻴــﺬ‬
           ‫ﺳﻴﺎﺳــﺔ ﻋــﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﺘــﺴﺎﻣﺢ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﻹﻃــﻼﻕ ﺇﺯﺍﺀ ﺍﻻﺳــﺘﻐﻼﻝ ﺍﳉﻨــﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﻋﺘــﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﳉﻨــﺴﻲ ﻣــﻦ ﺟﺎﻧــﺐ‬
           ‫ﻣﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ‪ ،‬ﻭﳛﺚ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻛﻔﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﺀﻟﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟـﻚ ﺍﳌﻼﺣﻘـﺔ‬
                                      ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﺴﻠﻚ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺭﻋﺎﻳﺎﻫﺎ ﺳﻠﻮﻛﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻴﻞ؛‬
           ‫‪ - ١٦‬ﻳﻄﻠـــﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣـــﲔ ﺍﻟﻌـــﺎﻡ ﻭﺇﱃ ﻛﻴﺎﻧـــﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣـــﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤـــﺪﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟـــﺼﻠﺔ ﺗﻘـــﺪﱘ‬
           ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟـﺴﻠﻄﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ‪ ،‬ﲟـﺸﺎﺭﻛﺔ ﻓﻌﺎﻟـﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺟﺎﻧـﺐ ﺍﳌـﺮﺃﺓ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﺘـﺼﺪﻱ ﻟـﺸﻮﺍﻏﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ‬
                                                                                  ‫ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ ﺻﺮﺍﺣﺔ ﰲ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
           ‫)ﺃ( ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻧﺰﻉ ﺍﻟﺴﻼﺡ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺴﺮﻳﺢ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﻣﺎﺝ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﻘﻴـﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﲨﻠـﺔ‬
           ‫ﺃﻣــﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﺑﺈﻧــﺸﺎﺀ ﺁﻟﻴــﺎﺕ ﻟﺘ ـﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳــﺔ ﻟﻠﻨــﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻃﻔــﺎﻝ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺍﻗــﻊ ﺍﻹﻳــﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺆﻗــﺖ ﻭﻟﻠﻤــﺪﻧﻴﲔ‬
           ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺏ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻹﻳﻮﺍﺀ ﺍﳌﺆﻗﺖ ﻭﰲ ﳎﺘﻤﻌﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺋﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟـﺪﻋﻢ ﰲ ﻣـﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠـﻖ‬
           ‫ﺑﺎﻟﺼﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻭﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻹﺩﻣـﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨـﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻷﻃﻔـﺎﻝ ﳑـﻦ ﻛـﺎﻧﻮﺍ ﻣـﺮﺗﺒﻄﲔ ﻓﻴﻤـﺎ ﺳـﺒﻖ ﺑﺎﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻋـﺎﺕ‬
                                                                          ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺤﺔ ﻭﺇﱃ ﺍﳌﻘﺎﺗﻠﲔ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ؛‬



‫‪13-37213‬‬                                                                                                                  ‫‪6‬‬

‫)‪S/RES/2106 (2013‬‬


               ‫)ﺏ( ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺮﺗﻴﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘـﺔ ﺑﺈﺻـﻼﺡ ﻗﻄـﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻣـﻦ‪ ،‬ﲟـﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟـﻚ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ‬
               ‫ﺗــﻮﻓﲑ ﺍﻟﺘــﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳــﺐ ﳌــﻮﻇﻔﻲ ﺍﻷﻣــﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗــﺸﺠﻴﻊ ﺇﺩﻣــﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﺰﻳــﺪ ﻣــﻦ ﺍﻟﻨــﺴﺎﺀ ﰲ ﻗﻄــﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻣــﻦ‬
               ‫ﻭﺇﺟﺮﺍﺀ ﲢﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﻓﻌﺎﻟﺔ ﻬﺑﺪﻑ ﺍﺳﺘﺒﻌﺎﺩ ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﺍﻟﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﺭﺗﻜﺒـﻮﺍ ﺃﻋﻤـﺎﻝ ﻋﻨـﻒ ﺟﻨـﺴﻲ ﺃﻭ ﻛـﺎﻧﻮﺍ‬
                                                                               ‫ﻣﺴﺆﻭﻟﲔ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻷﻣﻦ؛‬
               ‫)ﺝ( ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺩﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺈﺻﻼﺡ ﻗﻄﺎﻉ ﺍﻟﻌﺪﻝ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟـﻚ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﺻـﻼﺣﺎﺕ‬
               ‫ﰲ ﳎــﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘــﺸﺮﻳﻌﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟــﺴﻴﺎﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣــﺔ ﺍﻟــﱵ ﺗﺘــﺼﺪﻯ ﻟﻠﻌﻨــﻒ ﺍﳉﻨــﺴﻲ؛ ﻭﺍﻟﺘــﺪﺭﻳﺐ ﰲ ﳎــﺎﻝ‬
               ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﳉﻨﺴﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﻣﻠﲔ ﰲ ﻗﻄﺎﻋﻲ ﺍﻟﻌـﺪﻝ ﻭﺍﻷﻣـﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺩﻣـﺎﺝ ﺍﳌﺰﻳـﺪ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻨـﺴﺎﺀ ﻋﻠـﻰ‬
               ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﻬﻨﻴﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﻳﻦ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋﲔ؛ ﻭﺍﻹﺟـﺮﺍﺀﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻘـﻀﺎﺋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﱵ ﺗﺮﺍﻋـﻲ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟـﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻤﻴـﺰﺓ‬
               ‫ﻟﻠﺸﻬﻮﺩ ﻭﺿـﺤﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺣـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟـﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌـﺴﻠﺢ ﻭﻣـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﻧﺘـﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋـﺎﺕ ﻭﺃﻓـﺮﺍﺩ‬
                                                                                ‫ﺃﺳﺮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﲪﺎﻳﺘﻬﻢ؛‬
               ‫‪ - ١٧‬ﻳﻌﺘﺮﻑ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﻼﰐ ﰎ ﺍﺧﺘﻄﺎﻓﻬﻦ ﻭﺇﳊـﺎﻗﻬﻦ ﻋﻨـﻮﺓ ﺑﺎﺠﻤﻟﻤﻮﻋـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﻘـﻮﺍﺕ‬
               ‫ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺤﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻃﻔﺎﻝ ﻛﺬﻟﻚ‪ ،‬ﻋﺮﺿﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺣـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟـﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌـﺴﻠﺢ ﻭﻣـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ ﺍﻧﺘـﻬﺎﺀ‬
               ‫ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋــﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻄﻠــﺐ ﺑﺎﻟﺘــﺎﱄ ﺇﱃ ﲨﻴــﻊ ﺃﻃــﺮﺍﻑ ﺍﻟــﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌــﺴﻠﺢ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻘــﻮﻡ ﻓــﻮﺭﺍ ﺑﺘﺤﺪﻳــﺪ ﻫــﺆﻻﺀ‬
                                                                      ‫ﺍﻷﺷﺨﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻹﻓﺮﺍﺝ ﻋﻨﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺻﻔﻮﻓﻬﺎ؛‬
               ‫‪ - ١٨‬ﻳﺸﺠﻊ ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻴﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣـﻦ ﺧـﱪﺍﺕ ﻓﺮﻳـﻖ ﺧـﱪﺍﺀ ﺍﻷﻣـﻢ‬
               ‫ﻼ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭ ‪ ،(٢٠٠٩) ١٨٨٨‬ﺣﺴﺐ ﺍﻻﻗﺘﻀﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺳﻴﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘـﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻭﻗـﺪﺭﺓ‬                ‫ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﺄ ﻋﻤ ﹰ‬
               ‫ﻧﻈــﺎﻣﻲ ﺍﻟﻘــﻀﺎﺀ ﺍﳌــﺪﱐ ﻭﺍﻟﻌــﺴﻜﺮﻱ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﻟﺘــﺼﺪﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﻨــﻒ ﺍﳉﻨــﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺣــﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟــﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌــﺴﻠﺢ‬
               ‫ﻭﻣـــﺎ ﺑﻌـــﺪ ﺍﻧﺘـــﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋـــﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺇﻃـــﺎﺭ ﺍﳉﻬـــﻮﺩ ﺍﻷﻋـــﻢ ﺍﳌﺒﺬﻭﻟـــﺔ ﻟﺘﻌﺰﻳـــﺰ ﺍﻟـــﻀﻤﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺆﺳـــﺴﻴﺔ‬
                                                                                        ‫ﺿﺪ ﺍﻹﻓﻼﺕ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺏ؛‬
               ‫‪ - ١٩‬ﻳﺴﻠﹼﻢ ﺑﺄﳘﻴﺔ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗـﺖ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﺳـﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺿـﺤﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ‪،‬‬
               ‫ﻭﳛﺚ ﻛﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﳓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋـﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟـﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟـﺸﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﳓـﻮ‬
               ‫ﻏﲑ ﲤﻴﻴﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﰲ ﳎﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺔ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﳒﺎﺑﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺴﻲ ﻭﺍﻻﺟﺘﻤـﺎﻋﻲ‬
               ‫ﻭﺍﻟﻘــﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﻭﺩﻋــﻢ ﺳــﺒﻞ ﻛــﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻌــﻴﺶ ﻭﻏــﲑ ﺫﻟــﻚ ﻣــﻦ ﺍﳋــﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌــﺪﺩﺓ ﺍﻟﻘﻄﺎﻋــﺎﺕ ﻟــﻀﺤﺎﻳﺎ‬
               ‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﱰﺍﻋﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻣـﻊ ﻣﺮﺍﻋـﺎﺓ ﺍﻻﺣﺘﻴﺎﺟـﺎﺕ ﺍﳋﺎﺻـﺔ ﻟﻸﺷـﺨﺎﺹ ﺫﻭﻱ ﺍﻹﻋﺎﻗـﺔ؛‬
               ‫ﻭﻳــﺪﻋﻮ ﺇﱃ ﺗﻘــﺪﱘ ﺍﻟــﺪﻋﻢ ﻟﻠﻤﺆﺳــﺴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴــﺔ ﻭﺷــﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤــﻊ ﺍﳌــﺪﱐ ﺍﶈﻠﻴــﺔ ﻟﺰﻳــﺎﺩﺓ ﺍﳌــﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
               ‫ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺗﻘـﺪﱘ ﺍﳋـﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﳌـﺬﻛﻮﺭﺓ ﺃﻋـﻼﻩ ﺇﱃ ﺿـﺤﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ؛ ﻭﻳـﺸﺠﻊ‬
               ‫ﺍﻟﺪﻭﻝ ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﳓﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﻟﻠﱪﺍﻣﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻭﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻘـﺪﻡ ﺍﳌـﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ‬
               ‫ﺇﱃ ﺿﺤﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻨﺪﻭﻕ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺌﻤﺎﱐ ﻟﻠﻀﺤﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﳌﻨـﺸﺄ ﲟﻮﺟـﺐ ﻧﻈـﺎﻡ ﺭﻭﻣـﺎ‬



‫‪7‬‬                                                                                                                           ‫‪13-37213‬‬

                                                                                                         ‫)‪S/RES/2106 (2013‬‬


           ‫ﺍﻷﺳﺎﺳﻲ ﻭﺷﺮﻛﺎﺋﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻔﻴﺬﻳﲔ؛ ﻭﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺇﱃ ﻛﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﺫﺍﺕ ﺍﻟـﺼﻠﺔ ﺯﻳـﺎﺩﺓ ﲣـﺼﻴﺺ‬
                               ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﻟﺘﻨﺴﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺪﻱ ﻟﻠﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﺎﱐ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﳋﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺎﻝ؛‬
           ‫‪ - ٢٠‬ﻳﻼﺣﻆ ﺍﻟﺼﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺋﻤﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻒ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﻲ ﰲ ﺣـﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟـﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌـﺴﻠﺢ ﻭﻣـﺎ ﺑﻌـﺪ‬
           ‫ﺍﻧﺘــﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋــﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻹﺻــﺎﺑﺔ ﺑﻔــﲑﻭﺱ ﻧﻘــﺺ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻋــﺔ ﺍﻟﺒــﺸﺮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻤــﻞ ﺍﻟﻨــﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴــﺎﺕ ﺃﻛﺜــﺮ‬
           ‫ﻣﻦ ﻏﲑﻫﻦ ﻋﺐﺀ ﻓﲑﻭﺱ ﻧﻘﺺ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﺪﺯ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒـﺎﺭ ﺫﻟـﻚ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺒـﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤـﺪﻳﺎﺕ‬
           ‫ﺍﳌﺴﺘﻤﺮﺓ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺗﺰﺍﻝ ﺗﻌﻮﻕ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﳌﺴﺎﻭﺍﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳉﻨﺴﲔ؛ ﻭﳛﺚ ﻛﻴﺎﻧﺎﺕ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺤﺪﺓ ﻭﺍﻟـﺪﻭﻝ‬
           ‫ﺍﻷﻋﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳉﻬﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺎﳓﺔ ﻋﻠـﻰ ﺩﻋـﻢ ﺗﻄـﻮﻳﺮ ﻭﺗﻌﺰﻳـﺰ ﻗـﺪﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟـﻨﻈﻢ ﺍﻟـﺼﺤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﻃﻨﻴـﺔ ﻭﺷـﺒﻜﺎﺕ‬
           ‫ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌـﺪﱐ ﻣـﻦ ﺃﺟـﻞ ﺗﻘـﺪﱘ ﺍﳌـﺴﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﺍﳌـﺴﺘﺪﺍﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻨـﺴﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﺘﻴـﺎﺕ ﺍﳌـﺼﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺑﻔـﲑﻭﺱ ﻧﻘـﺺ‬
               ‫ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻋﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﻹﻳﺪﺯ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﺘﻀﺮﺭﺍﺕ ﻣﻨﻪ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋﺎﺕ؛‬
           ‫‪ - ٢١‬ﻳ ـﺸﺪﺩ ﻋﻠــﻰ ﺍﻷﺩﻭﺍﺭ ﺍﳍﺎﻣــﺔ ﺍﻟــﱵ ﳝﻜــﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺗــﻀﻄﻠﻊ ﻬﺑــﺎ ﺷــﺒﻜﺎﺕ ﻭﻣﻨﻈﻤــﺎﺕ‬
           ‫ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﳌﺪﱐ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﻈﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺎﺋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺗﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﳊﻤﺎﻳﺔ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﺘﻤﻌﻴﺔ ﻣـﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻨـﻒ ﺍﳉﻨـﺴﻲ ﰲ‬
           ‫ﺣﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻉ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﺢ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﱰﺍﻋﺎﺕ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﺍﻟﺪﻋﻢ ﺇﱃ ﺿﺤﺎﻳﺎﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟـﻞ ﺍﻟﻠﺠـﻮﺀ ﺇﱃ‬
                                                                     ‫ﺍﻟﻘﻀﺎﺀ ﻭﺍﳊﺼﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﻮﻳﻀﺎﺕ؛‬
           ‫‪ - ٢٢‬ﻳﻄﻠﺐ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻣﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺗﻘـﺪﱘ ﺗﻘـﺎﺭﻳﺮ ﺳـﻨﻮﻳﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﺠﻤﻟﻠـﺲ ﻋـﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴـﺬ‬
           ‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺍﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﳌﺮﺃﺓ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻼﻡ ﻭﺍﻷﻣﻦ ﻭﻋﻦ ﺗﻨﻔﻴـﺬ ﻫـﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻘـﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻘـﺪﱘ ﺗﻘﺮﻳـﺮﻩ ﺍﳌﻘﺒـﻞ ﲝﻠـﻮﻝ‬
                                                                                ‫ﺁﺫﺍﺭ‪/‬ﻣﺎﺭﺱ ‪٢٠١٤‬؛‬
                                             ‫‪ - ٢٣‬ﻳﻘﺮﺭ ﺃﻥ ﻳﺒﻘﻲ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳌﺴﺄﻟﺔ ﻗﻴﺪ ﻧﻈﺮﻩ ﺍﻟﻔﻌﻠﻲ‪.‬‬




‫‪13-37213‬‬                                                                                                                ‫‪8‬‬

Draft resolution (S/2013/368):
United Nations                                                                          S/2013/368*
             Security Council                                               Distr.: General
                                                                            24 June 2013

                                                                            Original: English




             Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria,
             Canada, Chile, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia,
             Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel,
             Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Monaco,
             Montenegro, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Republic of Korea,
             Romania, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Togo, Ukraine, United
             Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and United States of America:
             draft resolution

                   The Security Council,
                  Reaffirming its commitment to the continuing and full implementation, in a
             mutually reinforcing manner, of resolutions 1265 (1999), 1296 (2000), 1325 (2000),
             1612 (2005), 1674 (2006), 1738 (2006), 1820 (2008), 1882 (2009), 1888 (2009),
             1889 (2009), 1894 (2009), 1960 (2010), 1998 (2011) and 2068 (2012), and all
             relevant statements of its President,
                   Thanking the Secretary-General for the report of 12 March 2013 (S/2013/149)
             and taking note of the analysis and recommendations contained therein, but
             remaining deeply concerned over the slow implementation of important aspects of
             resolution 1960 (2010) to prevent sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict
             situations and noting as documented in the Secretary-General’s report that sexual
             violence occurs in such situations throughout the world,
                  Recognizing the Declaration on Preventing Sexual Violence in Conflict
             adopted by G8 foreign ministers in London on 11 April 2013, and the commitments
             it makes in this regard,
                   Recognizing that consistent and rigorous prosecution of sexual violence crimes
             as well as national ownership and responsibility in addressing the root causes of
             sexual violence in armed conflict are central to deterrence and prevention as is
             challenging the myths that sexual violence in armed conflict is a cultural
             phenomenon or an inevitable consequence of war or a lesser crime,
                   Affirming that women’s political, social and economic empowerment, gender
             equality and the enlistment of men and boys in the effort to combat all forms of
             violence against women are central to long-term efforts to prevent sexual violence
             in armed conflict and post-conflict situations; and emphasizing the importance of
             the full implementation of resolution 1325 (2000) while noting the ongoing work on
             a set of indicators for the implementation of resolution 1325 (2000) and subsequent

           * Reissued for technical reasons on 1 July 2013.


13-37209* (E) 020713
*1337209*

S/2013/368


             resolutions on women and peace and security, and recognizing UN-Women’s efforts
             in this area,
                   Noting with concern that sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict
             situations disproportionately affects women and girls, as well as groups that are
             particularly vulnerable or may be specifically targeted, while also affecting men and
             boys and those secondarily traumatized as forced witnesses of sexual violence
             against family members; and emphasizing that acts of sexual violence in such
             situations not only severely impede the critical contributions of women to society,
             but also impede durable peace and security as well as sustainable development,
                   Recognizing that States bear the primary responsibility to respect and ensure
             the human rights of all persons within their territory and subject to their jurisdiction
             as provided for by international law; and reaffirming that parties to armed conflict
             bear the primary responsibility to ensure the protection of civilians,
                  Reaffirming its respect for the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political
             independence of all States in accordance with the Charter,
                   Recalling the inclusion of a range of sexual violence offences in the Rome
             Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and the statutes of the ad hoc
             international criminal tribunals,
                   Noting the provision in the Arms Trade Treaty that exporting States Parties
             shall take into account the risk of covered conventional arms or items being used to
             commit or facilitate serious acts of gender-based violence or serious acts of violence
             against women and children,
                  Further recalling that international humanitarian law prohibits rape and other
             forms of sexual violence,
                   Recalling the Human Rights Due Diligence Policy on United Nations Support
             to non-United Nations Security Forces as a tool to enhance compliance with
             international humanitarian, human rights and refugee law, including to address
             sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict situations,
                   Having considered the report of the Secretary-General and stressing that the
             present resolution does not seek to make any legal determination as to whether
             situations that are referred to in the Secretary-General’s report are or are not armed
             conflicts within the context of the Geneva Conventions and the Additional Protocols
             thereto, nor does it prejudge the legal status of non-State parties involved in these
             situations,
                   1.   Affirms that sexual violence, when used or commissioned as a method or
             tactic of war or as a part of a widespread or systematic attack against civilian
             populations, can significantly exacerbate and prolong situations of armed conflict
             and may impede the restoration of international peace and security; emphasizes in
             this regard that effective steps to prevent and respond to such acts significantly
             contribute to the maintenance of international peace and security; and stresses
             women’s participation as essential to any prevention and protection response;
                   2.   Notes that sexual violence can constitute a crime against humanity or a
             constitutive act with respect to genocide; further recalls that rape and other forms of
             serious sexual violence in armed conflict are war crimes; calls upon Member States
             to comply with their relevant obligations to continue to fight impunity by



2                                                                                                       13-37209

                                                                                                      S/2013/368


           investigating and prosecuting those subject to their jurisdiction who are responsible
           for such crimes; encourages Member States to include the full range of crimes of
           sexual violence in national penal legislation to enable prosecutions for such acts;
           recognizes that effective investigation and documentation of sexual violence in
           armed conflict is instrumental both in bringing perpetrators to justice and ensuring
           access to justice for survivors;
                 3.   Notes that the fight against impunity for the most serious crimes of
           international concern committed against women and girls has been strengthened
           through the work of the ICC, ad hoc and mixed tribunals, as well as specialized
           chambers in national tribunals; reiterates its intention to continue forcefully to fight
           impunity and uphold accountability with appropriate means;
                 4.    Draws attention to the importance of a comprehensive approach to
           transitional justice in armed conflict and post-conflict situations, encompassing the
           full range of judicial and non-judicial measures, as appropriate;
                 5.    Recognizes the need for more systematic monitoring of and attention to
           sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict situations and other women and
           peace and security commitments in its own work and, in this regard, expresses its
           intent to employ, as appropriate, all means at its disposal to ensure women’s
           participation in all aspects of mediation, post-conflict recovery and peacebuilding
           and to address sexual violence in conflict, including, inter alia, in the establishment
           and review of peacekeeping and political mandates, public statements, country visits,
           fact-finding missions, international commissions of inquiry, consultations with
           regional bodies and in the work of relevant Security Council sanctions committees;
                6.    Recognizes the need for more timely, objective, accurate and reliable
           information as a basis for prevention and response and requests the Secretary-General and relevant United Nations entities to accelerate the establishment and
           implementation of monitoring, analysis and reporting arrangements on conflict-related
           sexual violence, including rape in situations of armed conflict and post-conflict and
           other situations relevant to the implementation of resolution 1888 (2009), as
           appropriate, and taking into account the specificity of each country;
                 7.   Calls for the further deployment of Women Protection Advisors (WPA)
           in accordance with resolution 1888 to facilitate the implementation of Security
           Council resolutions on women and peace and security and calls upon the Secretary-General to ensure that the need for, and the number and roles of WPAs are
           systematically assessed during the planning and review of each United Nations
           peacekeeping and political mission, and to ensure that these experts are adequately
           trained and deployed in a timely manner; and recognizes the role of UN Action
           against Sexual Violence in Conflict in facilitating coordinated responses of relevant
           peacekeeping, humanitarian, human rights, political and security actors and
           emphasizes the need for enhanced coordination, information sharing, analysis,
           response planning and implementation across these sectors;
                8.    Recognizes the distinct role of Gender Advisors in ensuring that gender
           perspectives are mainstreamed in policies, planning and implementation by all
           mission elements; calls upon the Secretary-General to continue to deploy Gender
           Advisors to the relevant United Nations peacekeeping and political missions as well
           as humanitarian operations and to ensure comprehensive gender training of all
           relevant peacekeeping and civilian personnel;



13-37209                                                                                                      3

S/2013/368


                  9.   Acknowledges the efforts of United Nations entities in ensuring United
             Nations Commissions of Inquiry in armed conflict and post-conflict situations have,
             where necessary, sexual and gender-based crimes expertise to accurately document
             such crimes and encourages all Member States to support these efforts;
                   10. Reiterates its demand for the complete cessation with immediate effect
             by all parties to armed conflict of all acts of sexual violence and its call for these
             parties to make and implement specific time-bound commitments to combat sexual
             violence, which should include, inter alia, issuance of clear orders through chains of
             command prohibiting sexual violence and accountability for breaching these orders,
             the prohibition of sexual violence in Codes of Conduct, military and police field
             manuals or equivalent and to make and implement specific commitments on timely
             investigation of alleged abuses; and further calls upon all relevant parties to armed
             conflict to cooperate in the framework of such commitments, with appropriate
             United Nations mission personnel who monitor their implementation, and calls upon
             the parties to designate, as appropriate, a high-level representative responsible for
             ensuring implementation of such commitments;
                   11. Emphasizes the important role that can be played by women, civil society,
             including women’s organizations, and formal and informal community leaders in
             exerting influence over parties to armed conflict with respect to addressing sexual
             violence;
                   12. Reiterates the importance of addressing sexual violence in armed conflict
             whenever relevant, in mediation efforts, ceasefires and peace agreements; requests
             the Secretary-General, Member States and regional organizations, where appropriate,
             to ensure that mediators and envoys, in situations where it is used as a method or
             tactic of war, or as part of a widespread or systematic attack against civilian
             populations, engage on sexual violence issues, including with women, civil society,
             including women’s organizations and survivors of sexual violence, and ensure that
             such concerns are reflected in specific provisions of peace agreements, including
             those related to security arrangements and transitional justice mechanisms; urges the
             inclusion of sexual violence in the definition of acts prohibited by ceasefires and in
             provisions for ceasefire monitoring; stresses the need for the exclusion of sexual
             violence crimes from amnesty provisions in the context of conflict resolution
             processes;
                   13. Urges existing sanctions committees, where within the scope of the
             relevant criteria for designation, and consistent with resolution 1960 (2010) to apply
             targeted sanctions against those who perpetrate and direct sexual violence in conflict;
             and reiterates its intention, when adopting or renewing targeted sanctions in
             situations of armed conflict, to consider including, where appropriate, designation
             criteria pertaining to acts of rape and other forms of serious sexual violence;
                   14. Recognizes the role of United Nations peacekeeping contingents in
             preventing sexual violence, and, in this respect, calls for all pre-deployment and inmission training of troop- and police-contributing country contingents to include
             training on sexual and gender-based violence, which also takes into account the
             distinct needs of children; further encourages troop- and police-contributing
             countries to increase the number of women recruited and deployed in peace
             operations;




4                                                                                                      13-37209

                                                                                                       S/2013/368


                15. Requests the Secretary-General to continue and strengthen efforts to
           implement the policy of zero tolerance on sexual exploitation and abuse by United
           Nations personnel and urges concerned Member States to ensure full accountability,
           including prosecutions, in cases of such conduct involving their nationals;
                 16. Requests the Secretary-General and relevant United Nations entities to
           assist national authorities, with the effective participation of women, in addressing
           sexual violence concerns explicitly in:
                 (a) Disarmament, demobilization and reintegration processes, including,
           inter alia, by establishing protection mechanisms for women and children in
           cantonment sites, as well as for civilians in close proximity of cantonment sites and
           in communities of return, and by offering trauma and reintegration support to
           women and children formerly associated with armed groups, as well as ex-combatants;
                 (b) Security sector reform processes and arrangements, including through the
           provision of adequate training for security personnel, encouraging the inclusion of
           more women in the security sector and effective vetting processes in order to
           exclude from the security sector those who have perpetrated or are responsible for
           acts of sexual violence;
                 (c) Justice sector reform initiatives, including through legislative and policy
           reforms that address sexual violence; training in sexual and gender-based violence
           of justice and security sector professionals and the inclusion of more women at
           professional levels in these sectors; and judicial proceedings that take into account
           the distinct needs and protection of witnesses as well as survivors of sexual violence
           in armed conflict and post-conflict situations, and their family members;
                 17. Recognizes that women who have been forcefully abducted into armed
           groups and armed forces, as well as children, are especially vulnerable to sexual
           violence in armed conflict and post-conflict situations and as such demands that
           parties to armed conflict immediately identify and release such persons from their
           ranks;
                 18. Encourages concerned Member States to draw upon the expertise of the
           United Nations Team of Experts established pursuant to resolution 1888 (2009) as
           appropriate to strengthen the rule of law and the capacity of civilian and military
           justice systems to address sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict
           situations as part of broader efforts to strengthen institutional safeguards against
           impunity;
                 19. Recognizing the importance of providing timely assistance to survivors of
           sexual violence, urges United Nations entities and donors to provide non-discriminatory
           and comprehensive health services, including sexual and reproductive health,
           psychosocial, legal, and livelihood support and other multi-sectoral services for
           survivors of sexual violence, taking into account the specific needs of persons with
           disabilities; calls for support to national institutions and local civil society networks
           in increasing resources and strengthening capacities to provide the abovementioned
           services to survivors of sexual violence; encourages Member States and donors to
           support national and international programs that assist victims of sexual violence
           such as the Trust Fund for Victims established by the Rome Statute and its
           implementing partners; and requests the relevant United Nations entities to increase
           allocation of resources for the coordination of gender-based violence response and
           service provision;


13-37209                                                                                                       5

S/2013/368


                   20. Notes the link between sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict
             situations and HIV infection, and the disproportionate burden of HIV and AIDS on
             women and girls as a persistent obstacle and challenge to gender equality; and urges
             United Nations entities, Member States and donors to support the development and
             strengthening of capacities of national health systems and civil society networks in
             order to provide sustainable assistance to women and girls living with or affected by
             HIV and AIDS in armed conflict and post-conflict situations;
                  21. Underlines the important roles that civil society organizations, including
             women’s organizations, and networks can play in enhancing community-level
             protection against sexual violence in armed conflict and post-conflict situations and
             supporting survivors in accessing justice and reparations;
                   22. Requests that the Secretary-General continue to submit annual reports to
             the Council on the implementation of women and peace and security resolutions and
             the present resolution, and to submit his next report by March 2014;
                  23.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.




6                                                                                                    13-37209

Meeting record:
United Nations                                                                                                       S/PV.6984
             Security Council
asdf         Sixty-eighth year


             6984th meeting
             Monday, 24, June 2013, 10 a.m.
                                                                                                                                  Provisional




             New York




President:   Mr. Hague . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       (United Kingdom of Great Britain
                                                                                                           and Northern Ireland)

Members:     Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       Mrs. Perceval
             Australia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     Mr. Quinlan
             Azerbaijan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .        Mr. Mehdiyev
             China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .     Mr. Wang Min
             France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    Ms. Vallaud-Belkacem
             Guatemala . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       Mr. Carrera
             Luxembourg . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .          Ms. Lucas
             Morocco . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .       Mr. Amrani
             Pakistan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      Mr. Masood Khan
             Republic of Korea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .           Mr. Kim Sook
             Russian Federation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .            Mr. Zagaynov
             Rwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .      Mr. Gasana
             Togo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .    Mr. Kandangha-Bariki
             United States of America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .                Mrs. DiCarlo

Agenda
             Women and peace and security
                    Sexual violence in conflict
                    Letter dated 7 June 2013 from the Permanent Representative of the United
                    Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland to the United Nations addressed
                    to the Secretary-General (S/2013/335)




               This record contains the text of speeches delivered in English and of the interpretation of
               speeches delivered in the other languages. The final text will be printed in the Official Records
               of the Security Council. Corrections should be submitted to the original languages only. They
               should be incorporated in a copy of the record and sent under the signature of a member of the
               delegation concerned to the Chief of the Verbatim Reporting Service, room U-506.
13-37153 (E)
*1337153*

S/PV.6984


     The meeting was called to order at 10.20 a.m.          Permanent Observer of the African Union to the United
                                                            Nations, to participate in this meeting.
Adoption of the agenda
                                                                I propose that the Council invite Archbishop
     The agenda was adopted.                                Francis Assisi Chullikatt, Apostolic Nuncio and
                                                            Permanent Observer of the Observer State of the Holy
Women and peace and security                                See to the United Nations, to participate in this meeting
                                                            in accordance with the Council’s provisional rules of
     Sexual violence in conflict
                                                            procedure and previous practice in that regard.
     Letter dated 7 June 2013 from the Permanent
                                                                There being no objection, it is so decided.
     Representative of the United Kingdom
     of Great Britain and Northern Ireland                      The Security Council will now             begin    its
     to the United Nations addressed to the                 consideration of the item on its agenda.
     Secretary-General (S/2013/335)
                                                                 Members of the Council have before them document
    The President: I wish to warmly welcome the             S/2013/368, which contains the text of a draft resolution
Secretary-General, the Ministers and the other              submitted by Argentina, Australia, Austria, Belgium,
representatives present in the Security Council             Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile,
Chamber. Their participation is an affirmation of the       Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus, the Czech Republic,
importance of the subject matter under discussion.          Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany,
                                                            Greece, Guatemala, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Israel,
     In accordance with rule 37 of the Council’s
                                                            Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lebanon, Liberia, Lithuania,
provisional rules of procedure, I invite the
                                                            Luxembourg, Montenegro, the Netherlands, Norway,
representatives of Armenia, Austria, Belgium, Bosnia
                                                            Poland, Portugal, the Republic of Korea, Romania,
and Herzegovina, Botswana, Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada,
                                                            Slovakia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Togo, Ukraine, the
Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Croatia, Cyprus,
                                                            United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,
the Czech Republic, Denmark, Ecuador, Estonia,
                                                            the United States of America and Uruguay.
Finland, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India,
Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Latvia, Lebanon,          I wish to draw the attention of Council members
Liberia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Malaysia, Mexico,        to documents S/2013/335, which contains the text
Montenegro, Namibia, Nepal, the Netherlands, New            of a letter dated 7 June 2013 from the Permanent
Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Qatar, Romania,          Representative of the United Kingdom of Great Britain
Senegal, Slovakia, Slovenia, Solomon Islands, South         and Northern Ireland to the United Nations addressed
Africa, Spain, the Sudan, Sweden, Switzerland, the          to the Secretary-General, transmitting a concept paper
Syrian Arab Republic, Turkey, Uganda, Ukraine and           on the item under consideration.
Uruguay to participate in this meeting.
                                                               I now give the floor to His Excellency Secretary-Under rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of    General Ban Ki-moon.
procedure, I invite the following briefers to participate
                                                                 The Secretary-General: I thank you, Foreign
in the meeting: Ms. Zainab Hawa Bangura, Special
                                                            Secretary Hague, for presiding over this meeting
Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual
                                                            during the United Kingdom’s presidency of the Security
Violence in Conflict; Ms. Angelina Jolie, Special
                                                            Council. I commend the leadership and efforts of the
Envoy of the United Nations High Commissioner for
                                                            United Kingdom in bringing key international support
Refugees; and Ms. Jane Adong Anywar, of the Women’s
                                                            and momentum to the crucial fight against conflict-Initiatives for Gender Justice.
                                                            related sexual violence.
     Under rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of
                                                                 I also welcome the tireless work and advocacy of
procedure, I invite His Excellency Mr. Ioannis Vrailas,
                                                            Ms. Angelina Jolie. For years, she has been a voice
Deputy Head of the Delegation of the European Union
                                                            for the millions of people who are forced to flee their
to the United Nations, to participate in this meeting.
                                                            homes due to conflict, and now for the many survivors
    Under rule 39 of the Council’s provisional rules of     of wartime rape whose bodies have been used as
procedure, I invite His Excellency Mr. Téte António,        battlegrounds.



2                                                                                                            13-37153

                                                                                                               S/PV.6984


      I am pleased, too, that we are joined by Jane Adong     sector reform and the delivery of humanitarian
Anywar, a lawyer and civil society activist who works         assistance. The United Nations system is committed to
to bring justice to victims of sexual violence in conflict.   “Delivering as One”, to end the culture of impunity that
It is through the efforts of people like Ms. Anywar that      prevails in relation to sexual violence. On behalf of the
we can end impunity for this crime and ensure that            Action Network, UN-Women and the Department of
survivors get the legal redress they deserve.                 Peacekeeping Operations have developed the first-ever
                                                              scenario-based training programme for peacekeepers.
    Last month, I briefed the Council on my visit to the
                                                              A senior women’s protection adviser will be deployed
Democratic Republic of the Congo. The Council will
                                                              shortly within the United Nations Mission in the
recall that I visited the Heal Africa hospital in Goma,
                                                              Republic of South Sudan to join those already in place,
where I met women and girls who had been raped and
                                                              while others are soon to be deployed in the Central
maimed by armed groups on all sides of the conflict.
                                                              African Republic, Côte d’Ivoire, the Democratic
Many had a condition called traumatic fistula. In
                                                              Republic of the Congo, Mali and Somalia.
plain terms, they had been torn inside. Experiencing
great pain and often unable to control bladder and                The Team of Experts on the Rule of Law and
bowels, they are disabled and often shunned by society.       Sexual Violence in Conflict is an important tool
Hospitals such as Heal Africa in Goma, and Panzi in           for strengthening national justice systems and legal
Bukavu help rehabilitate such women. They mend their          frameworks. It has provided technical advice to
wounds and provide skills that can give them self-            authorities in the Central African Republic, Colombia,
worth and a source of income; but they cannot protect         Cote d’Ivoire, the Democratic Republic of the Congo,
them. That is a job for the Congolese authorities and the     Guinea, Liberia, Somalia and South Sudan.UNICEF
international community, in particular the Council. As        and the United Nations Population Fund are leading the
we drove into the hospital the streets were lined with        United Nations system in coordinating the provision
women. They were angry and they had a clear message:          of services for survivors. And the Office of the United
no more impunity; no more war; give us peace. They            Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights and
want us to hear and act on their appeal.                      UN-Women are providing expertise for investigating
                                                              and documenting gender-based violence.
     Sexual violence occurs wherever conflict rages.
It has devastating effects on survivors and destroys              Along with leadership and access to justice,
the social fabric of whole communities. While women           understanding the extent of the problem is essential for
and girls suffer disproportionately from these vicious        effectively protecting women and girls.
crimes, men and boys are also targeted. Sexual violence
                                                                  I have consistently emphasized the importance of
is a crime under international human rights law and a
                                                              national ownership in preventing sexual violence. I call
threat to international peace and security. When used
                                                              on all leaders at the highest political level to voice their
as a weapon of war, it can significantly exacerbate
                                                              unequivocal support for our cause and to follow up with
conflict and seriously hamper reconciliation.
                                                              deeds. That includes apprehending and prosecuting
     The international community, through resolutions         perpetrators to deter further crimes. It means helping
1820 (2008), 1888 (2009) and 1960 (2010), has put in          survivors by improving medical, psychological, social
place a solid framework for responding to conflict-           and judicial assistance. And it entails providing the
related sexual violence. The mechanisms established           necessary resources to support the work of my Special
enable us to carry out global advocacy through my             Representative and other mechanisms.
Special Representative, in collaboration with the United
                                                                   Those who hold power and influence have a special
Nations Action Network against Sexual Violence in
                                                              duty to step forward and be part of a global coalition
Conflict, which she leads. Today’s draft resolution
                                                              of champions determined to break this evil. Sexual
sends yet another strong signal to perpetrators that
                                                              violence is a vile, whenever and wherever it occurs. It
their acts will no longer be tolerated. They will be held
                                                              must be exposed and met with the anger and action that
accountable.
                                                              it deserves.
    Preventing sexual violence in conflict is our joint
                                                                  I count on the Council’s sustained leadership to
responsibility. It must be part of our work in many areas,
                                                              ensure that perpetrators are held accountable and
from peacekeeping and political missions to mediation,
                                                              survivors receive justice and support.
ceasefire agreements, security sector reform, justice


13-371533

S/PV.6984


     The President: I thank the Secretary-General for             In Bosnia and Herzegovina, the guns may have
his statement.                                               fallen silent 20 years ago, but for the survivors of sexual
                                                             violence the war has not ended. Their battle continues as
     I now give the floor to Ms. Bangura.
                                                             they struggle with physical and psychological injuries,
    Ms. Bangura: I wish to thank the Secretary-              stigma and isolation, poverty and destitution. That is
General for his statement. His personal commitment           what I have witnessed in Bosnia and Herzegovina and
to this cause ensures that sexual violence in conflict       in many other countries devastated by war. Conflictremain a critical concern for the entire United Nations      related sexual violence, when left unaddressed by
system, and challenges us to work in unison.                 justice and reparations, can have a profound impact
                                                             on the sustainability of peace and the prospects for
    I would like to thank the Government of the United
                                                             developments.
Kingdom, especially Foreign Secretary William Hague,
for hosting this open debate on sexual violence in               That is why the theme of today’s debate — combating
conflict and for being among the leading torch-bearers       impunity for sexual violence — is of the utmost
and champions for this agenda.                               relevance and urgency. By focusing on impunity, we
                                                             make a more concerted effort to put the spotlight on the
    I also wish to thank Jane Adong Anywar for
                                                             perpetrators, that is, on those who commit, or command,
representing the essential work undertaken by civil
                                                             or condone sexual violence in conflicts. In so doing, we
society groups, which are on the front line of this battle
                                                             begin to re-direct the stigma and the consequences of
every day. I also thank Angelina Jolie for being here
                                                             sexual violence from the survivors to the perpetrators.
today and standing in solidarity. Her voice is a light in
the darkness for many survivors.                                  Over the course of five years, we have seen
                                                             significant progress at the political level, advances led
     Twenty years ago, the United Nations provided
                                                             largely by the Security Council. Its engagement has
irrefutable evidence that the widespread and
                                                             shattered an enduring myth that has paralysed action
systematic rape of women, girls and men was being
                                                             for too long, namely, that sexual violence is culturally or
perpetrated in the countries of the former Yugoslavia.
                                                             socially unspeakable, that it is an inevitable by-product
That led to unprecedented advances in international
                                                             of war for which little can be done, or that it does not
jurisprudence — the recognition of rape as a war
                                                             merit such singular focus because in the hierarchy of
crime and crime against humanity by the International
                                                             human rights violations sexual violence is a lesser evil.
Criminal Tribunals established for the former
Yugoslavia and Rwanda.                                           To the contrary, the resolutions of the Security
                                                             Council affirm that this crime, when committed
    Two weeks ago, I visited Bosnia and Herzegovina,
                                                             systematically and used as a tool of war, is a fundamental
where an estimated 50,000 women were targeted with
                                                             threat to the maintenance of international peace and
rape and other forms of sexual violence during four years
                                                             security, and as such requires an operational, security
of conflict. But 20 years after peace was re-established,
                                                             and justice response. That paradigm shift requires a
impunity for those crimes still reigns. There have been
                                                             new approach to attack the scourge of war-time rape.
only a handful of prosecutions. While the perpetrators
                                                             Among other things, it compels us to expand the circle
have enjoyed the fruits of peace and have been free to
                                                             of stakeholders beyond the traditional gender experts,
rebuild their lives, their victims continue to work in the
                                                             to also engage uniformed peacekeepers, mediators,
shadows and in shame, unable to lay the past to rest and
                                                             ceasefire monitors, war-crime prosecutors and the full
to move forward.
                                                             range of civilian-protection and justice-sector actors.
    In their day-to-day lives, survivors of sexual
                                                                  The draft resolution to be adopted by the Council
violence are forced to face the men who raped
                                                             today consolidates that approach. It reinforces the
them — in banks, in supermarkets and at the schools
                                                             robust conceptual framework, the infrastructure and
of their children, children whose “inheritance” is the
                                                             the elements of the compliance regime established
stigma of sexual violence, many of whom are offspring
                                                             by resolutions 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009) and 1960
born of rape. Those women told me that they could
                                                             (2010) — a compliance regime based on reliable and
look forward to the future when that future continued
                                                             timely information and analysis, and the political,
to be determined by many of the very people who had
                                                             strategic and tactical-level actions that must be taken on
destroyed their lives.
                                                             the basis of such information. In its scope, operational


4                                                                                                             13-37153

                                                                                                              S/PV.6984


detail and clarity, the draft resolution encapsulates         The women’s protection advisers are a new cadre of
the evolution of our understanding of conflict-related        specialists combining political and security expertise,
sexual violence and what it takes to prevent it. As such      human rights monitoring and gender analysis. Their
it, outlines a comprehensive operational approach to          principal role is to catalyse the implementation of the
tackle the problem.                                           key operational aspects of the Council’s resolutions on
                                                              sexual violence in conflict.
    The draft resolution places emphasis on a more
consistent and rigorous investigation and prosecution of           Since taking office, in September 2012, I have
sexual violence crimes as a central aspect of deterrence      placed particular emphasis on engaging national
and, ultimately, prevention. Essentially, we must raise       stakeholders in order to foster national ownership,
the cost and consequences for those who commit                leadership and responsibility. My experience to date
such crimes. The draft resolution also stresses that          reinforces my belief that it is at the country level
considerations of sexual violence must be explicitly and      that will and resolve are most urgently required to
consistently reflected in peace processes, ceasefires and     implement national legislation, strengthen institutions
peace agreements. That gives fundamental recognition          for the prosecution of crimes of sexual violence and to
to the principle that there can be no viable peace and        enhance capacity to care for survivors.
security when the security of women is not at the heart
                                                                  I cannot overemphasize that the commitment of
of peacemaking.
                                                              the United Nations system, however great it may be,
    The draft resolution emphasizes that sexual               can never substitute for the political will and action
violence must be specifically reflected in other critical     of national actors. The United Nations, through the
peace and security processes and arrangements, such as        United Nations Action Network of 13 entities, stands
security sector reform and disarmament, demobilization        ready to support local efforts. But national actors must
and reintegration processes. That includes ensuring           lead from the front, and the international community
that those who commit, command or condone sexual              must support their efforts with adequate resources and
violence be vetted and excluded from positions of             technical assistance.
influence and power.
                                                                  Today it is still largely cost-free to rape a woman,
    The draft resolution emphasizes the need for              child or man in conflict. Sexual violence has been used
comprehensive and multidimensional strategies for             throughout the ages precisely because it is such a cheap
us to meet our obligations to the survivors of sexual         and devastating weapon. But for the first time in history,
violence — the critical health, psychosocial, legal and       we can reverse that reality. It will require leadership
other interventions that they must have to rebuild their      and political courage, and a relentless determination
lives.                                                        to match the cold, calculating brutality of those who
                                                              would rape the innocent for military or political gain.
    Crucially, the draft resolution calls on all parties
to a conflict to make specific commitments to prevent              I believe that we have the collective will, and
sexual violence, and challenges the United Nations to         increasingly the tools, to make it an unsustainable
engage with parties to illicit such commitments. Such         liability for parties to use sexual violence as a weapon
an engagement-based approach has already begun to             of war. The resolve of the Council and the international
yield results, with several formal agreements between         community as a whole has set us firmly on the path of
the United Nations and affected countries to address          accountability and prevention. We must stay the course
conflict-related sexual violence.                             until we achieve the critical mass of action that will
                                                              turn the tide on history’s oldest and least condemned
     The United Nations Team of Experts plays an
                                                              crime.
important role in that regard, serving as a ready resource
for national authorities in their efforts to strengthen the       The President: I thank Ms. Bangura for her
rule-of-law response to sexual violence. That is proving      briefing.
to be an innovative and valuable tool for Governments,
                                                                  I now give the floor to Ms. Jolie.
and should be further reinforced. In the coming
months, we also hope to accelerate the deployment                Ms. Jolie: It is an honour to address the Security
of women’s protection advisers to the relevant United         Council. I thank Foreign Secretary Hague for the United
Nations peacekeeping and special political missions.          Kingdom’s leadership, and Zainab Bangura, Special


13-371535

S/PV.6984


Representative for her important and extraordinary           the world has not treated sexual violence as a priority,
work.                                                        there have only been a handful of prosecutions for
                                                             the many hundreds of thousands of survivors. They
    The Security Council was established 67 years ago
                                                             suffer most at the hands of their rapists, but they are
and has witnessed 67 years of wars and conflict, but
                                                             also victims of a culture of impunity. That is the sad,
the world has yet to take up war-zone rape as a serious
                                                             upsetting and, indeed, shameful reality.
priority. Hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of
women, children and men have been raped in conflicts               I understand that there are many things that are
in our lifetimes. The numbers are so vast and the subject    difficult for the Security Council to agree on, but sexual
so painful that we often have to stop to remember            violence in conflict should not be one of them. That
that behind each number is someone with a name, a            it is a crime to rape young children is not something
personality, a story and dreams no different from ours       that I imagine anyone in the Chamber would not be
and those of our children.                                   able to agree on. The rights and wrongs of the issue are
                                                             straightforward, and the actions that need to be taken
     Let us be clear what we are speaking about: young
                                                             have been identified. What is needed is political will,
girls raped and impregnated before their bodies are able
                                                             and that is what is being asked of Member States today:
to carry a child, causing fistula; boys held at gunpoint
                                                             to act on the knowledge of what is right and what is
and forced to sexually assault their mothers and sisters;
                                                             unjust and to show the determination to do something
women raped with bottles, wood branches and knives
                                                             about it. Every country in the world is affected by sexual
to cause as much damage as possible; toddlers, even
                                                             violence in one form or another, from domestic abuse
babies, dragged from their homes and violated.
                                                             to female genital mutilation. All countries therefore
     I will never forget the survivors whom I have met       have a responsibility to step forward, but the starting
or what they told me — the mother in Goma whose              point must be the Security Council, shouldering its
five-year-old daughter had been raped outside a police       responsibilities and showing leadership. To women in
station in plain view, or the Syrian woman I met in          refugee camps or those struggling to survive in war-Jordan last week who asked that I hide her name and          torn communities, there is no greater power in the
face because she knew that if she spoke out against the      world that can stand by them. That young Syrian rape
crimes against her, she would be attacked and possibly       victim is here because the Council represents her. That
killed.                                                      five-year-old child in the Congo must count because
                                                             the Council represents her. In her eyes, if her attacker
     Rape is a tool of war. It is an act of aggression and
                                                             gets away with his crimes, it is because the Council
a crime against humanity. It is inflicted intentionally
                                                             has allowed it. The Council sets the bar. If the Security
to destroy the woman, the family and the community.
                                                             Council sets rape and sexual violence in conflict as a
It ruins lives and fuels conflict. The Charter of the
                                                             priority, it will become one, and progress will be made.
United Nations is clear; the Security Council has
                                                             If it does not, this horror will continue.
the primary responsibility for the maintenance of
international peace and security. Rape as a weapon of            I thank and encourage those countries that are
war is an assault on security, and a world in which these    already setting a powerful example. My plea to all
crimes happen is one in which there is not and never         members of the Council is to adopt and implement the
will be peace. Addressing war-zone sexual violence           draft resolution that is before the members today, so
is therefore the Council’s responsibility, as well as the    that the perpetrators are finally held to account and
duty of the Governments and countries afflicted by           survivors can at last feel that they are on safer ground.
it. In fact, the truth is that in many conflict situations   Please, do not let the issue fall to the wayside when
there is no Government to take responsibility, so            leaving the Chamber. Meet your commitments; debate
there is no protection and no accountability. When           the issue in your Parliaments; mobilize people in
Governments cannot act, the Security Council must            your countries and built it into all your foreign policy
step in and provide leadership and assistance. For those     efforts, so that together you can turn the tide of global
crimes happen not because they are inherent to war, but      opinion, shatter impunity and finally put an end to this
because the global climate allows it.                        abhorrence.
    That five-year-old girl was raped because her                The President: I thank Ms. Jolie for her briefing.
attacker knew that he would get away with it. Because
                                                                 I now give the floor to Ms. Anywar.


6                                                                                                            13-37153

                                                                                                            S/PV.6984


    Ms. Anywar: I represent the Women’s Initiatives         three observations I would like to offer today regarding
for Gender Justice, where I work as a legal monitor         accountability for sexual violence in armed conflicts.
in our Ugandan programme assessing the progress
                                                                The first is that it is well documented that the
and challenges in establishing an effective national
                                                            commission of rape and other forms of sexual violence
mechanism to try conflict-related crimes, including
                                                            intensify and increase during times of civil war and
sexual violence, in the Ugandan context.
                                                            armed conflicts, and yet too often impunity for these
    The Women’s Initiatives for Gender Justice is an        crimes continues to be guaranteed through amnesty
international women’s human rights organization that        laws. Let me provide an example from Uganda.
advocates for gender justice through the International
                                                                Under the Ugandan Amnesty Act of 2000,
Criminal Court (ICC) and domestic mechanisms.
                                                            complete amnesty was extended to members of the
In addition, we also advocate for the participation of
                                                            LRA on the condition that they report to a designated
women and the integration of gender provisions within
                                                            area, surrender their weapons and make a declaration
peace processes and reconciliation efforts from the
                                                            renouncing and abandoning involvement in the war
perspective of victims/survivors and women’s rights
                                                            or armed rebellion. Unfortunately, there were no
activists in armed conflict situations.
                                                            conditions regarding truth-telling; individuals were not
     The paucity of domestic prosecutions for crimes        required to make a full declaration of the acts they had
of sexual violence, the limited volume of international     committed or the incidents they might have witnessed;
prosecutions for these crimes and the scale worldwide of    and no crimes, including sexual violence, were
crimes of sexualized violence, particularly in situations   excluded from qualification under the amnesty regime.
of armed conflict, continue to leave an impunity gap        Victims did not even receive an apology through this
so distinct that in recent years it has become the focus    process. The granting of amnesty guaranteed impunity
of several Security Council resolutions. The attention      and therefore did not shift the stigma of shame away
given by the Council to sexual violence is necessary        from the survivors to the perpetrators of these crimes.
and urgent, and with developments such as the United        The pardoning facility under the Amnesty Act was
Kingdom’s Preventing Sexual Violence Initiative, the        dissolved last year, but while in existence, it provided
United Nations Action against Sexual Violence in            blanket immunity from prosecution for sexual violence
Conflict and the work of the International Criminal         and other crimes for the entire period of the Ugandan
Court, attention to this issue is becoming increasingly     LRA conflict.
strategic.
                                                                 The second observation we would like to make is
     Over the past 27 years, northern Uganda and several    that leadership on accountability for conflict-related
of its neighbouring countries, including South Sudan,       crimes, including sexual violence, must be provided
the Central African Republic and the Democratic             at the national level, with priority given to resourcing,
Republic of the Congo, have been subjected to armed         adequate legislation prohibiting acts of sexual violence
conflict, instability, displacement of the population       and capacity-building for police, investigators, lawyers
and widespread and brutal forms of sexual and gender-       and judges regarding the adjudication of these crimes.
based crimes committed by a range of perpetrators,          The inclusion of credible national prosecutions for
including armed forces, militia groups and the Lord’s       conflict-related crimes, including acts of sexual
Resistance Army (LRA).                                      violence, within the basket of accountability and
                                                            reconciliation initiatives is crucial for locating justice
     In the past decade of our work, the Women’s
                                                            in proximity to victims. Just as crucial is that domestic
Initiatives for Gender Justice has worked with thousands
                                                            courts prosecuting these international crimes do so in
of victims/survivors of sexual and gender-based
                                                            compliance with the established international standards.
violence and monitored accountability for such crimes
in several conflict or post-conflict countries. With more       Let me again draw on our experience in Uganda.
than 6,000 grass-roots members and partners within          In 2011, the International Crimes Division within
armed conflict situations, we are aware of the demand       Uganda became operational, with the jurisdiction to
from local communities for a reduction in impunity          prosecute war crimes, crimes against humanity and
and more frequent domestic trials for perpetrators          genocide in compliance with the Rome Statute of the
responsible for committing sexual violence and other        International Criminal Court. The creation of that
grave crimes. Drawing on all of this work, there are        domestic war crimes court was welcomed by large


13-371537

S/PV.6984


sections of the community, in particular women’s                 The President: I thank Ms. Anywar for her
rights and peace advocates, who described the court          briefing.
as comforting for victims and a milestone in raising
                                                                 It is my understanding that the Council is ready to
hopes and expectations for the realization of justice and
                                                             proceed to the vote on the draft resolution before it. I
meaningful peace.
                                                             shall put the draft resolution to the vote now.
    Since then, the Ugandan court has adopted some
                                                                 A vote was taken by show of hands.
of the procedures practiced by the ICC, including the
use of redacted statements to support witness safety         In favour:
in proceedings and in the practices regarding the                 Argentina, Australia, Azerbaijan, China, France,
disclosure of evidence. These processes are new under             Guatemala, Luxembourg, Morocco, Pakistan,
the Ugandan rules of procedure and are helping to                 Republic of Korea, Russian Federation, Rwanda,
strengthen the understanding that successful witness              Togo, United Kingdom of Great Britain and
and victim protection is at the core of any efficient             Northern Ireland and United States of America
investigation and prosecution.
                                                                 The President: There were 15 votes in favour.
     However, there are also challenges at the national      The draft resolution has been adopted unanimously as
level when attempting to prosecute conflict-related          resolution 2106 (2013).
crimes, including sexual violence. These can include
                                                                 I shall now make a statement in my national
lack of jurisdiction for the prosecution of war crimes and
                                                             capacity as Foreign Secretary of the United Kingdom.
crimes against humanity, perhaps a lack of familiarity
of the judiciary with the provisions relating to sexual           I should like to thank the Secretary-General and
violence, ongoing myths regarding sexualized violence        some of my fellow Ministers for attending this debate;
and, sometimes, one-sided prosecutions depending             the fact that more than 50 countries wish to take part
on the outcome of the conflict. There can also be            in this open debate once the Security Council members
challenges related to the practice and administration of     have spoken shows the growing global interest and
justice, and in Uganda, this has meant a lack of court       determination to act on this issue.
reporters, professional interpreters and the management
                                                                  I pay tribute to Zainab Bangura for the energy,
of transcripts.
                                                             determination and vision that she has brought to her
     Some of these issues are resource and capacity-         role; to Angelina Jolie for her inspirational work on
related, which leads me to my third observation, which       behalf of the world’s refugees and for campaigning
is that the scale of sexual violence crimes committed        with me to end rape and sexual violence in conflict;
during armed conflict is beyond the capacity of any          and to Jane Adong Anywar for her courageous work
national judicial system to address on its own.              and powerful testimony.
    Domestic efforts must be complemented by                      In conflicts in nearly every corner of the globe,
effective international prosecutions; United Nations         rape is used systematically and ruthlessly in the almost
interventions empowered to engage militias and other         certain knowledge that there will be no consequences
perpetrators of these crimes; effective protection           for the perpetrators. If the international community
mechanisms for civilians, including those targeting          does not address this culture of impunity, millions more
sexual violence; cooperative regional bodies; and,           women, children and men could well be subjected to
above all, compliance by the United Nations and              the same appalling treatment, now and in the conflicts
Member States with their collective resolutions and          of the future. The lead we set and the action we take
recommendations on security, women, peace and the            therefore has the potential to save lives and change the
prevention of and response to acts of sexual violence.       course of events around the world; nothing less than
                                                             that should be our ambition.
    Implementing the existing resolutions regarding
the commission of sexual violence in armed conflict,             As the international community, we curbed the
highlighting its impact on those targeted by these           development of nuclear weapons, heading off a once
crimes, especially girls and women, and addressing the       threatened and unstoppable wave of insecurity. We
purpose of this particular form of violence are essential    have binding Conventions against the use of torture
steps for effecting change in this crisis.                   and on the treatment of prisoners. We have outlawed the


8                                                                                                           13-37153

                                                                                                            S/PV.6984


use of chemical weapons and imposed a global ban on         efforts to support survivors and achieve accountability,
cluster munitions. We have made progress in choking         and which need our active support and assistance.
off the trade in conflict diamonds, which undermines
                                                               Their efforts, allied with new attention from
many fragile countries. Here in the Security Council
                                                            Governments and efforts by the United Nations,
we adopted historic resolution 1325 (2000) on women,
                                                            means that we are at last poised to be able to make
peace and security, and this year we agreed a historic
                                                            unprecedented and historic progress on confronting
Arms Trade Treaty, to stem the illegal arms trade that
                                                            wartime rape and sexual violence.
exacerbates conflict and causes such human misery.
                                                                We have made important progress. In London in
    No country could tackle those vast problems alone,
                                                            April, the States members of the Group of Eight (G-8)
and we have shown that we can confront them together.
                                                            pledged to address sexual violence in conflict as a
     Today we face another burning need to unite to         threat to global peace and security. I am grateful for
improve the condition of humanity; together it is time      the commitments they joined the United Kingdom
to say that rape and sexual violence used as a weapon of    in making and for the work that is flowing from that
war is unacceptable, that we know it can be prevented       agreement.
and that we will act now to eradicate it, shouldering
                                                                 For example, the United Kingdom is now taking
our responsibilities as national Governments, and
                                                            the lead in developing a new international protocol on
collectively as the Security Council.
                                                            the investigation and documentation of rape and sexual
    Sexual violence is used to destroy lives, tear apart    violence in conflict, working with experts from all over
communities and achieve military objectives, in just        the world. Its aim is to increase the number of successful
the same way that tanks and bullets are.                    prosecutions by setting out practical standards for the
                                                            investigation and documentation of such crimes, so
    Like others here I have witnessed the terrible life
                                                            that the strongest possible evidence is collected and
sentence of trauma and illness inflicted on victims,
                                                            survivors are cared for sensitively.
and the devastating impact on their families and
communities.                                                    We have also set up a team of over 70 United
                                                            Kingdom experts, including doctors, forensic scientists,
    I am appalled that the vast majority of survivors
                                                            police and gender experts, which can be deployed to
never receive justice, support or recognition despite
                                                            reinforce United Nations and national efforts. It has
years and even decades of waiting, and that it is the
                                                            already been deployed in Bosnia, to the Syrian border,
victims, not the perpetrators, who still bear the shame
                                                            and to Libya, Mali and the Democratic Republic of
and stigma.
                                                            the Congo this year. Later this year we will carry out
    I have also seen the devastating impact that sexual     further deployments to support Syrian survivors, and
violence has on prospects for peace and reconciliation,     we will return to Bosnia, Mali and the Democratic
undermining our efforts as the Security Council to          Republic of the Congo.
advance peace negotiations and agreements.
                                                                We are determined to continue and build on
    We have seen the world over that unresolved             those efforts as the United Kingdom and to build new
grievances fuel further cycles of violence and conflict.    partnerships with countries also working in this area.
Where there is no justice or dignity, the seeds of future   But we need global action if we are to shatter the culture
violence are sown. A new consciousness of this issue        of impunity.
and strong action to protect women and children must
                                                                That is why we have put this issue at the heart of
run throughout all the Security Council’s peacebuilding
                                                            our presidency this month, and why I also intend to
efforts.
                                                            convene a global gathering on this issue during the
    I pay tribute to the organizations and individuals      session of the General Assembly in September.
who have worked for years so that the world knows
                                                                 Resolution 2106 (2013), which we have just
and understands the scale of rape and sexual violence
                                                            adopted today, sends a powerful signal to the world
in conflict, and have helped persuade Governments to
                                                            of leadership from the Security Council. It recognizes
take it seriously, as many of us are now doing. I applaud
                                                            the commitments made in the G-8 declaration, which
the local organizations that are on the front line of
                                                            will add to the international momentum that has begun


13-371539

S/PV.6984


to gather but which must now become unstoppable. It              Building on today’s debate, I have new hope that
recognizes the responsibility of national Governments       this will at last be possible.
to uphold human rights and the rule of law in their
                                                               I now resume my functions as President of the
countries, and it will expand the tools available to
                                                            Council.
Ms. Bangura to work with them, notably the Democratic
Republic of the Congo and Somalia, which have shown             Mr. Carrera (Guatemala) (spoke in Spanish): I am
great courage in signing joint communiqués with the         very pleased and honoured to be participating once
United Nations.                                             again in an open debate of the Security Council. My
                                                            presence here on this occasion is due to several reasons.
     The resolution also recognize s that effective
investigation and documentation of sexual violence              First, it is a clear signal of our continued support
in armed conflict is vital to bringing perpetrators to      for this United Nations forum. Secondly, it is in
justice and ensuring recourse to justice for survivors,     response to Secretary Hague’s kind and timely personal
and I hope that the new international protocol will be      invitation, extended some months ago when we met in
able to make a difference in that area.                     London to discuss various multilateral issues of mutual
                                                            interest to the United Kingdom and Guatemala; this
    I hope that there will also be new commitments by
                                                            issue in particular was very high on the agenda on that
countries around the world support the deployment of
                                                            occasion. Thirdly, it highlights the importance of the
professionals with expertise in the way I have described.
                                                            issue, which was also addressed during our presidency
    These and other steps listed in the resolution, if      of the Council last October, during which the Council
fully implemented, will represent vital new advances.       issued presidential statement S/PRST/2012/23.
But it is only a beginning. We need action on all fronts,
                                                                 Fourthly, I should say that in my professional life I
from the Security Council and the United Nations as
                                                            have always been concerned with the grave problem of
a whole, and from Governments in conflict-affected
                                                            violence against women in general and on the impact it
countries. We need to begin to demolish impunity,
                                                            has on every aspect of economic and social development.
create a new culture of deterrence, and at the same time
                                                            This type of violence, which is particularly associated
focus on long-term care and support for survivors.
                                                            with the impunity that results from weak rule of law
    We need to home in on lack of accountability as         institutions, will surely form part, among other things,
one of the root causes of rape and sexual violence in       of the postdevelopment agenda that we will be
conflict, but at the same time not forget that women’s      debating in the General Assembly. Finally, I can state
political, social and economic empowerment across all       that President Otto Pérez Molina views combating
societies is essential and that our goal must be the full   violence against women as an absolute priority of his
implementation of resolution 1325 (2000).                   Government. If we do not eradicate gender violence
                                                            we will not have security and peace in Guatemala or
    We need the Security Council to keep showing
                                                            anywhere else in the world.
the determined leadership that we have called for, and
at the same time must listen to, involve and support             Before moving on, I would like to thank you,
local organizations. Indeed, I strongly support the         Mr. President, for the concept note you have circulated
development of a network of regional champions to           (S/2013/335, annex), and to express our appreciation to
support their efforts.                                      the briefers we have heard today, especially Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon and Ms. Zainab Bangura. We are
    Of course, all countries must do more to address
                                                            also grateful for the Secretary-General’s most recent
violence against women in all its forms, and not just in
                                                            report (S/2013/149), and would like to express our
conflict situations.
                                                            appreciation to the delegations of India and Rwanda for
    We can and must do all those things but must never      having organized debates on the subject during their
lose sight of our overriding objective: to consign the      respective presidencies in November 2012 and April
use of rape as a weapon of war to the pages of history.     this year.
I believe that has to begin, above all, with a focus on
                                                                Sexual violence in situations of armed conflict
ending impunity and by bringing to bear the weight,
                                                            is an unacceptable phenomenon, a crime against
authority and leadership of the Security Council.
                                                            humanity, and an insult to the world’s conscience, as



10                                                                                                          13-37153

                                                                                                            S/PV.6984


expressed through the actions of the Security Council        exploitation and human trafficking, which has enabled
and every organ of the United Nations. It has been the       us to reform the codification of various crimes in the
subject of numerous debates, presidential statements         Guatemalan penal code. Furthermore, in a measure
and resolutions of the Council in this very Chamber. Its     designed to improve the access of female victims of
development is built on the basic premise of resolution      violence to justice, various programmes have been
1325 (2000), which is that without security for women,       established in the executive and judicial branches to
lasting peace is impossible. That was followed by            help eliminate impunity as it affects women. In that
resolutions 1820 (2008), 1888 (2009) and 1960 (2010),        regard, our Ministry of the Interior, the Office of the
and has culminated today in the adoption of resolution       Prosecutor and the courts, with technical and financial
2106 (2013), aimed at expanding the conceptual               support from various United Nations agencies, have
framework of the struggle against this scourge. At           strengthened their capacity for prosecuting crimes
the same time, we have established concrete policies,        related to violence against women.
including the creation of the post presently occupied
                                                                 As has been done in Guatemala, the issue of sexual
by Ms. Bangura and the assignment of experts to many
                                                             violence in conflict and post-conflict situations should
peacekeeping operations, among others.
                                                             be reflected in concrete decisions included in peace
     However, the phenomenon persists, as we have            accords, especially in matters related to security and
sadly seen in situations such as those in Syria, Mali, the   transitional justice. We support the Council’s promotion
Central African Republic and the Democratic Republic         of peace and reconciliation processes and agreements
of Congo. In other words, the Council is acting, but,        ending conflicts that address the issue explicitly and
without denying the value of our proactive stance, we        thus promote respect for the dignity of victims.
must recognize that our concrete impact on the ground
                                                                  Finally, Guatemala strongly supports the
continues to be relatively modest. The question we must
                                                             elimination of obstacles to women’s access to justice in
ask, then, is what more can we do so that our decisions
                                                             conflict and post-conflict situations. That was one of
are translated into concrete action?
                                                             the subjects of presidential statement S/PRST/2012/23,
    One promising approach lies in insisting more            issued under Guatemala’s presidency of the Security
firmly that States make an ongoing priority of rule of       Council in October. As part of the fight against impunity
law reform and strengthening their national institutions,    regarding sexual violence, that statement also included
including the civil and military justice systems, in order   a firm condemnation of all acts against women and
to address sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict     girls that violate international law on armed-conflict
situations, and to combat impunity for those that            and post-conflict situations.
commit this type of crime. For that we unquestionably
                                                                  Before concluding, I would like to go off script
need political will, as we have heard, but we also need
                                                             to mention that my 13-year-old daughter Laura is
effective institutions. It is equally crucial to act on
                                                             with me in this Chamber. At 13 years of age I met a
current situations where most of the victims of such
                                                             victim of sexual violence in conflict for the first time,
crimes face a wall of impunity. We must act so that
                                                             a woman who was tortured and raped about 40 times.
the truth comes out regarding the suffering of women
                                                             Subsequently, I have to say that I have witnessed
and so that the perpetrators are held accountable for
                                                             such victims in Nicaragua, El Salvador, Guatemala,
their acts. Acknowledging the truth and undertaking
                                                             Argentina, Chile, Uruguay, Brazil and Colombia. We
efforts aimed at achieving justice and promoting
                                                             are thus discussing an issue that many Latin American
reconciliation are the minimum we should do to restore
                                                             women have suffered from. I would like to say here,
and re-establish the dignity of the victims.
                                                             before my 13-year-old daughter, that in the twenty-Guatemala’s own internal conflict was resolved           first century the world needs freedom and dignity for
over 15 years ago, but there still are hundreds of           women and security for them in their lives, so that no
victims of sexual violence committed by various armed        young girl or adolescent can ever suffer sexual violence
perpetrators. Happily, and as I have already indicated,      because of an armed conflict or any other circumstance.
preventing violence against women is a priority of
                                                                 In conclusion, we cannot sit by impassably in the
the Guatemalan State today. We recently enacted
                                                             face of any kind of sexual violence as a cause or result
a law against murder and other forms of violence
                                                             of armed conflict. We must combat it with every means
against women, and one prohibiting sexual violence,
                                                             at our disposal, not only by promoting awareness of


13-3715311

S/PV.6984


its scale, scope and characteristics but also by taking     particular rape, as a war crime, crime against humanity
specific actions to address it decisively.                  or possibly genocide represents a major step forward; it
                                                            is an effective tool in the fight against impunity and a
     Mrs. Vallaud-Belkacem (France) (spoke in
                                                            deterrent, which is exactly what we are seeking.
French): I would first like to thank you, Mr. President,
for organizing this debate on sexual violence, which, as        There has also been legislative progress, with the
we understand it, is too often the tragic fate of women     recent adoption of the Arms Trade Treaty as the first
in conflict situations. I would also like to express our    legally binding treaty to regulate arms transfers. It
deep appreciation for the briefings by the Secretary-       recognizes the link between the international arms trade
General, by Ms. Bangura, the Special Representative of      and gender-based violence, which France has strongly
the Secretary-General for Sexual Violence in Conflict,      supported. We very much hope that such analysis will
and by Ms. Jolie and Ms. Anywar.                            continue to prevail in our future discussions.
     We live in a world today where rape is used                Nevertheless, we are far from done with our work.
as a weapon of physical, psychological and social           The scale and intractable nature of sexual violence in
destruction, a world where in some places where             current conflicts are intolerable. In the Democratic
women’s bodies have become a real battleground. Such        Republic of the Congo, despite the mobilization of
sexual violence committed in conflict should in no way      the international community, sexual violence remains
be forgotten or go unpunished, and that is what we have     ubiquitous. Committed by all parties, it is carried out
come here to say today. The international community, of     by the Mouvement du 23 mars and by the Forces armées
course, has been dealing with this question for some 10     de la République démocratique du Congo (FARDC).
years now, through the Council’s adoption of resolution     The Minova tragedy in South Kivu, where more than
1325 (2000) and succeeding resolutions, and that has        130 women were raped in November 2012 by soldiers
led to commendable progress — condemning such               of the FARDC who were tasked with their protection,
violence unanimously, calling for the intensification       reminds us of that brutal reality. France will pursue its
of efforts aimed at better protecting women and, of         efforts to ensure that the perpetrators of those crimes
course, at combating impunity, but also by establishing     and their commanders are prosecuted and punished.
an important principle that I would like to recall here,
                                                                 I am extremely concerned by the humanitarian
that of women’s equal participation in the reconciliation
                                                            tragedy affecting Syrian women. Women have played
and reconstruction process. We must not forget that the
                                                            a leading role in peaceful demonstrations; they have
best way of protecting those women is by making them
                                                            mobilized on the ground to rebuild a new Syria and
stakeholders, rather than only subjects.
                                                            to play an important role within the Syrian National
     Significant progress has been made since then,         Coalition. They represent a key element of the solution
above all political progress, due in particular to the      that we must urgently seek for the country.
efforts of the Special Representative of the Secretary-It is known that the regime and its militias have
General on Sexual Violence in Conflict. I would like
                                                            used sexual violence to terrorize the population since
once again to commend her commitment, as it has
                                                            the crisis began. Today, given the militarization and
strengthened international awareness on the subject.
                                                            radicalization of the conflict, Syrian women are being
I also thank Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon for
                                                            silenced, whether in Syria itself, where they continue to
the zero-tolerance policy that has been set forth here
                                                            be targeted by the Syrian regime, or in refugee camps,
against all forms of exploitation or sexual abuse
                                                            where forced marriages continue and their vulnerability
attributed to United Nations staff, in particular forces
                                                            is magnified.
deployed on the ground. That policy must continue
with the same determination and firmness, because the           We should like to see United Nations reports,
United Nations must be nothing more than exemplary          particularly that of the independent international
in that context.                                            commission of inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic,
                                                            as well as the information conveyed by the United
     There has also been judicial progress. The ad
                                                            Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, which
hoc tribunals established by the Council and the
                                                            contains tangible information on the crimes I have
International Criminal Court (ICC) have gradually
                                                            just described, to militate for a swift referral to the
included sexual violence as crimes under their
                                                            International Criminal Court. The perpetrators of those
jurisdiction. The recognition of sexual violence, in


12                                                                                                          13-37153

                                                                                                             S/PV.6984


crimes must understand that they will be punished in         ensure that victims of sexual violence have access to
a manner commensurate with their savagery. France            effective sexual and reproductive health care.
also supports the principle of women’s participation in
                                                                  Thirdly, we must take to the fight against impunity
terms of the Geneva II discussions on Syria.
                                                             with earnest; stigma and shame must switch sides so
    In Mali, the President of the Republic has               that the victims are no longer those who suffer the
underscored that the French intervention was in fact also    consequences of the crimes. That task falls above
based on the need to defend the rights of female victims     all to Governments, which have the responsibility to
of violence. The deployment of the United Nations            prosecute and punish. However, as has been said, if
Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization Mission in         the State is unable to so act, the International Criminal
Mali, the political process currently under way and the      Court, which is universal, must and should play its role.
elections to come will, we hope, assist in re-establishing
                                                                 Finally, the participation of women in conflict
peace and stability in the country. However, the sexual
                                                             resolution efforts is, I believe, the only sustainable
violence committed by armed groups in the north in
                                                             response.      The       international     community’s
2012 has traumatized Malian society. Justice must be
                                                             implementation of resolution 1325 (2000) must
pursued for all victims of sexual violence. They must
                                                             continue uninterrupted. Since its adoption, awareness
be provided with psychological and legal assistance.
                                                             of such results has increased, but is slow in having an
The Malian authorities, with the support of the United
                                                             impact on the ground. In Mali, Syria, the Democratic
Nations and the ICC, cannot avoid that issue.
                                                             Republic of the Congo, Afghanistan, Côte d’Ivoire, the
    In my opinion, and in conclusion, four actions           Central African Republic, the Sudan and Libya, women
must be continued in the fight against sexual violence.      must fully contribute to their country’s stabilization. I
These four actions seek four goals, the so-called “four      believe that no transition will be sustainable unless we
Ps” rule: preventing violence, protecting victims,           take into consideration and ensure the participation of
prosecuting perpetrators, and women’s participation in       one half of humanity.
the peace and reconstruction process.
                                                                 In that respect, national action plans on the
    Those four actions consist of, first, strengthening      implementation of resolution 1325 (2000) are a crucial
protection on the ground. Women’s protection advisers        instrument and must be broadened. As part of its plan
play a key role. France wishes to see their deployment       of action, France , in partnership with UN-Women, has
in peacekeeping and political missions extended beyond       undertaken cooperation programmes aimed at combating
the missions in the Democratic Republic of the Congo         violence against women in Africa and the Arab world.
and in Mali, and, above all, that they be provided with      Recently, we allocated specific funds to programmes
appropriate resources to carry out their work.               in Mali implemented by local non-governmental
                                                             organizations (NGOs), in particular to support women’s
    Secondly, there is a need to ensure victims’ access
                                                             participation in political processes. In the Democratic
to services, particularly sexual and reproductive
                                                             Republic of the Congo, more than €2 million have been
health services. Young girls, adolescents and women
                                                             earmarked since 2012 to support Congolese NGOs
victims of sexual violence can suffer, above and
                                                             combating sexual violence and strengthening women’s
beyond psychological trauma, serious physical harm
                                                             participation in decision-making processes. Along
from violence. Adolescents and women are exposed to
                                                             those lines, the President of France recently announced
early, unwanted pregnancies. We must therefore fully
                                                             the convening of a summit on peace and security in
consider all aspects of that reality.
                                                             Africa in Paris in December.
    Why do the sexual and reproductive rights of the
                                                                  In conclusion, I wish to underscore that, in addition
victims of sexual violence continue to be contested?
                                                             to the indescribable savagery of sexual violence that has
Restricting access to sexual and reproductive health
                                                             been addressed here, it is also important to recall the
care is an infringement of a woman’s right to control her
                                                             tragic observation made recently by the World Health
own body. Substantial progress was made in the recent
                                                             Organization that one in every three women worldwide
session of the Commission on the Status of Women, in
                                                             has been subjected to domestic or sexual violence. No
forging consensus to affirm those rights at the global
                                                             region has been spared from the violence. However it
level. We must consolidate those achievements and
                                                             is true that, like ignorance, it behaves as an epidemic



13-3715313

S/PV.6984


that can reach epidemic level in some countries. It          and financial support to help States meet their
is therefore absolutely crucial to continue to work          commitments.
unfailingly on all of those issues, because women’s
                                                                  In that regard, Morocco recognizes the important
rights, like human rights, are universal and indivisible.
                                                             role played by the Special Representative of the
    Mr. Amrani (Morocco): I would like to thank you,         Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict and
Mr. President, for your presence here today and for          her team in increasing the international visibility of this
organizing this important debate. Your presence among        important issue, and for the valuable support she brings
us denotes a strong commitment to the fight against          to concerned countries and subregional and regional
sexual violence in armed conflict.                           organizations.
     I would also like to express my sincere appreciation         It is crucial that the United Nations system and
to Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon; Ms. Zainab                 the international community continue to support and
Bangura, his Special Representative on Sexual Violence       assist Member States, while fully respecting their
in Conflict; Ms. Angelina Jolie, Special Envoy of the        sovereignty, in the elaboration of relevant national
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees; and           legislation, action plans and codes of conduct, as well
Ms. Jane Adong Anywar, of the non-governmental               as in the strengthening of their institutions and the rule
organization Women’s Initiatives for Gender Justice,         of law.
for their insightful briefings.
                                                                 Secondly, it is important to adopt a comprehensive
    Sexual violence continues to destroy, scar and           approach in dealing with sexual violence in armed
traumatize the lives of millions around the world,           conflict. Success will be achieved only if the countries
both victims and survivors, as well as families and          concerned are also able to address the root causes of
communities. Regrettably, women and girls are the            this scourge. To that end, a coordinated approach is
most affected by such deplorable acts.                       needed, not only at the national level but also at that
                                                             of the United Nations, notably through strengthening
    Over the years, a number of tools and mechanisms
                                                             national institutions in order to prevent conflicts. In
have been developed to ensure that action is taken against
                                                             that regard, we highly value the goals of the United
the scourge of sexual violence in armed conflicts. The
                                                             Nations Action against Sexual Violence in Conflict and
Security Council, through its growing focus on women
                                                             recognize the need for its implementation.
and peace and security, has played an important role in
establishing a solid framework to prevent and address            Thirdly, the fight against impunity should be
conflict-related sexual violence. In that regard, civil      a priority. We need to break the existing cycle of
society has also contributed to this noble goal and shed     violence and prevent the recurrence of such acts in
much-needed light on one of history’s greatest silences.     armed conflict by ensuring that those responsible of
Yet more needs to be done.                                   committing crimes against women and children are
                                                             brought to justice.
    Today we have a legal and moral responsibility to
act collectively in order to prevent the recurrence of            Fourthly, particular attention and priority should
such crimes, to strengthen the repressive measures           be given to the vulnerability of refugee populations,
against perpetrators of these horrific acts and to ensure    namely, women and children, living in the proximity
that they do not remain unpunished. My delegation            of combat zones or unsecured borders or territories.
would like to make the following five points.                Restriction of access to vulnerable groups, including
                                                             women and girls, who often have no registration
    First, the commitment of the national Governments
                                                             documents, poses major risks to the efforts of the
concerned in the fight against sexual violence in armed
                                                             United Nations in the fight against sexual violence in
conflict and their ownership of the process are crucial
                                                             armed conflict. It is important that all parties ensure
to preventing and putting an end to this phenomenon.
                                                             that there is access to refugee camps in order to reduce
That requires an innovative approach on our collective
                                                             their suffering, promote their rights and ensure their
part, one that builds upon the gains achieved so far,
                                                             optimal protection.
enhances national ownership in the process and tackles
the root causes of conflicts, namely, weak institutions,         Lastly, the involvement of public authorities,
poverty, marginalization, social discrimination and          national institutions for human rights, civil society
exclusion, while ensuring adequate technical assistance      and non-governmental organizations, including local


14                                                                                                            13-37153

                                                                                                            S/PV.6984


women’s associations, in raising awareness to enhance        perpetrated against Tutsis, and discussed lasting peace
the protection of women in conflict situations, as well      in the region. Then you visited the eastern part of the
as the involvement of the donor community, should be         Democratic Republic of the Congo, where sexual and
encouraged, as they make a positive contribution to our      gender-based violence, tragically, remain prevalent,
common endeavour.                                            and reached out in order to hear from the victims of
                                                             such violence. Last April, with your leadership, the
     Finally, I cannot conclude without thanking the
                                                             Foreign Ministers for Foreign Affairs of the Group of
delegation of the United States for introducing the
                                                             Eight adopted a declaration on the prevention of sexual
resolution on this important issue. I also commend the
                                                             violence in conflict, which urged every State to bring
constructive spirit of compromise that made it possible
                                                             the perpetrators to justice. Rwanda commends your
for us to adopt it today.
                                                             leadership on the issue, Sir, and stands firmly beside
     Mr. Gasana (Rwanda): Let me join others in              you as we pursue a meaningful international response.
thanking you, The Right Honourable William Hague,
                                                                 During the 1994 genocide perpetrated against
United Kingdom Secretary of State for Foreign and
                                                             Tutsis, women and girls were forced to endure
Commonwealth Affairs and President of the Security
                                                             inhuman and degrading atrocities. That memory and
Council, for convening this open debate. I would also
                                                             history inspire Rwanda in our unyielding and heartfelt
like to convey my sincere gratitude to Secretary-General
                                                             commitment to eradicate sexual violence as a weapon
Ban Ki-moon and his Special Representative on Sexual
                                                             of war and genocide. Tens of thousands of Rwandan
Violence in Conflict, Ms. Zainab Bangura, for their
                                                             women and young girls were raped and left for dead
respective statements. In addition, please allow me to
                                                             during the months of April to July 1994. Among those
acknowledge the presence here today of the Ministers
                                                             who survived, many were infected with incurable
of Guatemala, France, Morocco, Sweden, Ecuador and
                                                             diseases, some were made pregnant, and many suffered
Lithuania, as well as that of our special guests, namely,
                                                             the humiliation of having been abused in front of their
Ms. Jane Adong Anywar, from the non-governmental
                                                             families. It is deeply regrettable that many of those who
organization Women’s Initiatives for Gender Justice,
                                                             committed those atrocities in Rwanda continue such
and Ms. Angelina Jolie, Special Envoy of the United
                                                             practices in the Democratic Republic of the Congo
Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
                                                             today, with total impunity.
    In recent months, the Security Council has quite
                                                                 We take this opportunity to call upon all Member
rightly directed considerable energy to the fight against
                                                             States, particularly those within the region, to fully
sexual and gender-based violence. Today’s open
                                                             implement resolution 1804 (2008) and to refrain from
debate on sexual violence in conflict follows a similar
                                                             providing any military, financial or political support to
open debate under Rwanda’s presidency in April (see
                                                             the cynically called Forces démocratiques de libération
S/PV.6948), and one month after the Arria Formula
                                                             du Rwanda.
meeting on gender advisers in peacekeeping missions,
organized by Australia and Guatemala. Although we                 Rwanda has been able to achieve meaningful
can never do enough to protect women and girls — in          reconciliation within our borders only by insisting on
families, in villages, across communities and at national    justice and fighting impunity. Rwandans have come to
and international levels — we hope that debates such         understand first-hand the importance of strengthening
as these, supported by the eager participation of many       internal justice mechanisms and building institutions
States Members of the United Nations, will translate         that enhance accessibility to justice. Fighting against
into concrete action, and that by taking action to protect   impunity must be the primary responsibility of States.
women and girls from violence their key role in our          The international community, including the United
respective societies will be promoted.                       Nations, should support national jurisdictions, by
                                                             helping to build capacity where gaps exist and by
    The commitment of the United Kingdom to raise
                                                             providing guidance and direction drawn from a rich
awareness on war-zone rape and on the need to bring
                                                             well of best practices in the field, including those
perpetrators to justice is commendable. In London in
                                                             gleaned from post-conflict societies such as Rwanda’s.
May 2012, you, Secretary Hague, launched a campaign
in London to prevent rape and sexual violence in conflict        For Rwanda’s part, we have adopted a range of
zones. Last March, you visited our region: first Rwanda,     policies to prevent and respond to violence against
where you paid tribute to the victims of the genocide        women and girls. One of the foremost priorities is to


13-3715315

S/PV.6984


protect and rehabilitate the dignity of victims. That       alongside gender advisers and human rights protection
figures prominently in our national action plan on          units.
the implementation of the resolution 1325 (2000). To
                                                                The legal and institutional framework against sexual
that end, sexual and gender-based violence centres
                                                            and gender-based violence has been strengthened over
were established at the community level throughout
                                                            time. However, as the recent report of the Secretarythe country, and a 2009 law on the prevention and
                                                            General indicates (S/2013/335), sexual violence
punishment of gender-based violence includes penalties
                                                            remains prevalent in armed conflict, particularly on
and substantive mechanisms to empower police to deal
                                                            the African continent. Ultimately, it is self-evident that
with such crimes.
                                                            the most effective means to eradicate sexual violence
    In a recent trip to our region, the Secretary-          in conflict zones is to bring those conflicts to an end.
General was joined by the President of the World Bank       Any comprehensive global response to the problem
to launch a centre of excellence for the fight against      must acknowledge that sexual violence, while vile
violence against women and children. This is a best-        and unacceptable under any circumstances, is the bypractice one-stop centre and a place where all the          product of war. Therefore, any meaningful solution
relevant Government and non-Government support              must address the root causes of conflict. Furthermore,
services — health, justice and police, counselling and      any global approach must include more effective
welfare — converge to provide support for victims of        monitoring of the commitments made by Member
sexual and gender-based violence. Such centres offer        States to prevent sexual violence where possible and
a non-threatening environment that allows victims to        address its consequences where necessary.
take full advantage of their legal rights, as well as to
                                                                 Let me conclude by once again thanking
begin the process of healing. As noted by the Secretarynon-governmental organizations, civil society and
General during his visit, “Rwanda’s strong political
                                                            other non-State actors for their support to the cause
commitment to prevent and combat violence against
                                                            of women and girls and for their contribution to
women and children” is reflected in all spheres of the
                                                            justice against perpetrators of sexual and gender-Government.
                                                            based violence. We hope and trust that their actions,
    The Rwanda Defence Forces (RDF) considers the           combined with a genuine commitment by States as well
prevention and mitigation of sexual violence against        as by the international community, will hasten the day
women and girls as a key imperative across all its          when women, girls and children are no longer brutally
deployments. The RDF gender desk devises training           targeted in conflicts that they did not at all create.
programmes to raise awareness of sexual and gender-Mrs. DiCarlo (United States of America): I thank
based violence. Those programmes have been fully
                                                            you, Mr. President, for organizing today’s debate and
incorporated into the core curriculums of Rwanda’s
                                                            for the priority that the United Kingdom is devoting to
military academies and training institutions. That
                                                            combating sexual violence in conflict. I also appreciate
is considered integral to the preparation of all RDF
                                                            the remarks and presence of Secretary-General
battalions bound for peacekeeping missions abroad.
                                                            Ban Ki-moon this morning. I wish to thank Special
Moreover, Rwanda is among the leading contributors
                                                            Representative Bangura, Special Envoy Jolie and
of female police and correctional officers to United
                                                            Ms. Adong Anywar for their briefings and leadership
Nations peace-support and peacekeeping missions,
                                                            on this critical issue affecting international peace and
where they combat and raise awareness about violence
                                                            security.
against women and serve as advisers on gender-based
violence, sharing best practices with officers and local         The United States welcomes this opportunity to
authorities.                                                reaffirm the indispensable role of women in bringing
                                                            peace and security to countries embroiled in conflict
    For those reasons, we support the full implementation
                                                            or emerging from it. Women’s active, indeed integral,
of resolution 1325 (2000) and resolution 1960 (2010),
                                                            involvement in peace processes and transitional justice
which emphasize that all peacekeeping mandates
                                                            mechanisms, including to address sexual violence, is
incorporate provisions that specifically identify steps
                                                            critical to laying the foundation for lasting peace. The
to address sexual violence, and that should include
                                                            resolution that we have adopted today reinforces our
the clear identification of women’s protection advisers
                                                            collective efforts to prevent conflict-related sexual



16                                                                                                          13-37153

                                                                                                             S/PV.6984


violence, hold perpetrators accountable for their crimes         We have indeed made strides in addressing sexual
and provide support and justice to survivors. It also        violence in conflict, but there is still a long way to go.
recognizes that national Governments have the primary        More countries should criminalize conflict-related
responsibility for addressing the issue.                     sexual violence. Provisions that prohibit amnesty for
                                                             perpetrators must be put into ceasefire and mediation
    We see signs of progress as some national
                                                             agreements. And it is imperative that the international
Governments are making justice systems more
                                                             community and senior United Nations officials, at
responsive and accessible to survivors of sexual
                                                             Headquarters and in the field, support the mandate of
violence. For example, Sierra Leon’s new sexual offence
                                                             the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on
law gives stiff minimum sentences to perpetrators. Sri
                                                             Sexual Violence in Conflict.
Lanka’s women’s protection units provide female staff
at police stations, and privacy for women to report              The Security Council must continue to treat this
crimes. In May, Somalia committed to ensuring the            threat to international peace and security with the
the protection of victims, witnesses, journalists and        utmost gravity. Sexual violence in conflict cannot
others who report on sexual violence — a necessity for       and must not be viewed narrowly as just a women’s
strengthening legal cases and bringing those issues into     issue, since it remains a horrific weapon of war that
the public sphere.                                           destroys individuals, devastates communities and even
                                                             destabilizes countries. Above all, let us remember that
    Special Representative Bangura deserves special
                                                             sexual violence is not cultural, it is criminal.
thanks for her significant work with authorities to
reduce sexual violence in Somalia, the Central African           Mr. Mehdiyev (Azerbaijan): At the outset, I would
Republic and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.           like to thank the United Kingdom for convening this
                                                             open debate on women and peace and security and for
     We applaud and appreciate the critical role
                                                             submitting a concept note on the topic (S/2013/335,
that civil society, especially local women’s groups,
                                                             annex). I would also like to thank the Secretary-General
plays in assisting survivors by providing them with
                                                             and his Special Representative on Sexual Violence in
medical care, counselling and a political voice, and by
                                                             Conflict, as well as the Special Envoy of the United
facilitating their access to justice. The United States is
                                                             Nations High Commissioner for Refugees and the
proud to support Congolese organizations that provide
                                                             representative of the non-governmental organization
free legal aid for survivors, as well as training for
                                                             Women’s Initiatives for Gender Justice, for their
provincial lawyers and mobile courts — courts that
                                                             extensive statements.
heard almost 3,000 cases in the Democratic Republic
of the Congo last year. The efforts of local civil society        Azerbaijan welcomes the adoption of resolution 2106
remain vital and deserve even greater support from           (2013) on sexual violence at today’s meeting and believes
national authorities and the international community.        that it will further advance the issue. Civilians continue
                                                             to suffer from inadequate protection in situations of
    We also commend international initiatives that
                                                             armed conflict, including discriminatory treatment,
bolster national capacity on the issue. The United
                                                             torture, sexual violence, extrajudicial executions, mass
Kingdom, and Foreign Secretary Hague in particular,
                                                             population displacement and ethnic cleansing. In many
deserves praise for leading the development by the
                                                             situations of armed conflict, sexual violence continues
Group of Eight of an international protocol on the
                                                             to be used as a tactic of war to terrorize and force
investigation and documentation of rape and other forms
                                                             displacement. The increasing attention of the Security
of sexual violence in conflict. Through efforts such as
                                                             Council and the wider international community to the
Justice Rapid Response, UN-Women and other entities
                                                             issue has led to the development of a solid normative
have provided valuable technical support for promoting
                                                             framework and to raising awareness about the impact
accountability by helping to document evidence for
                                                             of sexual violence on its victims, their families and
judicial processes. And the Security Council has
                                                             societies.
adopted targeted sanctions against those who commit,
command or condone sexual violence in places such                 It is imperative that all parties to armed conflict
as the Democratic Republic of the Congo. We strongly         strictly abide by their obligations under international
encourage United Nations Sanctions Committees to             humanitarian and human rights law. Azerbaijan
expand their use of that tool to fight impunity.             reiterates its strong condemnation of all acts of sexual
                                                             violence in conflict. There can be no tolerance for


13-3715317

S/PV.6984


such acts, and all the necessary measures must be             Mr. President, and your Foreign Secretary, as well as
taken to end impunity. Governments bear the primary           the representatives of the various countries here today.
responsibility for the protection of civilians, and           I also welcome the participation of the Secretarynational courts are the principal venues for holding          General, and I am grateful for the statements made by
individuals accountable for crimes of sexual violence.        Ms. Zainab Bangura, Ms. Angelina Jolie and Ms. Jane
At the same time, inadequate national capacity and            Adong Anywar.
expertise for investigating and prosecuting acts of
                                                                  I would like here to mention the feminist movement,
sexual violence remains one of the main impediments
                                                              to pay tribute to it and to the thousands of women who
to ensuring accountability. In that regard, we note the
                                                              risk their lives on a daily basis to defend women’s
efforts of the Team of Experts on the Rule of Law and
                                                              human rights and put an end to impunity.
Sexual Violence in Conflict, established pursuant to
resolution 1888 (2009), to strengthen the capacity of              I would like to recall here the principles of the
national rule-of-law and justice actors. However, when        United Nations initiative to combat sexual violence
national authorities fail to take action, the international   against women in conflict situations. Rape is not
community should play a more proactive role in                an inevitable consequence of war. Gender violence,
ensuring an appropriate response.                             including sexual violence, is a violation of women’s
                                                              dignity and fundamental human rights. Attempts to
    Unfortunately, not all grave violations of
                                                              halt and respond to sexual violence must address gender
international humanitarian and human rights law,
                                                              inequalities and contribute to women’s empowerment.
including acts of sexual violence, receive sufficient
                                                              Women are often leaders in the process of eliminating
attention and response at the international and regional
                                                              sexual violence and ensuring peace; the constructive
levels. More resolute and targeted measures are
                                                              participation of men and boys in it is vital to the
therefore required to bring the perpetrators of such acts
                                                              prevention of sexual violence in conflict situations. Best
to justice; such measures and appropriate protection
                                                              practices against sexual violence must be strengthened.
efforts must obviously be free of selectivity and
                                                              Sexual violence in conflict situations and impunity for
politically motivated approaches and preferences.
                                                              those who commit such crimes have been met with a
    It is essential to establish the truth with respect       deafening silence. We all have a duty to act.
to gross violations of international humanitarian
                                                                   We know that during the course of history the
and human rights law, including sexual violence
                                                              definition of human rights and recognition of their
in conflict, and to provide adequate and effective
                                                              universality did not evolve at the same time. Only
reparations. It is also important to ensure that such
                                                              a little more than 20 years ago, and at several world
reparations are established through judicial or
                                                              summits, was a definition developed — not without
administrative mechanisms and made available to
                                                              resistance and friction — of women’s rights as human
victims. Furthermore, past wrongs that have been left
                                                              rights. Only recently, in 1993, was the legal existence of
unpunished or unrecognized may impede progress in
                                                              women as subjects of law recognized.
achieving long-awaited peace and reconciliation, and
can also play a key role in the eruption of new conflicts         It was at the World Conference on Human Rights,
and the commission of new crimes. It is also essential        held in Vienna in 1993, that it was recognized that the
to address sexual violence in conflict through all            rights of women and the girl child are an inalienable
available means, including by mandating international         part of universal human rights. It was stated there that
commissions of inquiry and fact-finding missions,             the situation of women in the world must be analysed
as well as by supporting the implementation of their          from the gender perspective in order to ensure that
recommendations.                                              the universality of human rights shall encompass the
                                                              specific situations that prevent us, as women, from
     In conclusion, I would like to reiterate our support
                                                              fully exercising our human rights.
for more systematic and frequent discussions of this
topic and to once again commend the United Kingdom                Six years later, the focus on the human rights
for convening this open debate.                               approach and the gender perspective was to imbue the
                                                              most important instrument of international criminal
    Mrs. Perceval (Argentina) (spoke in Spanish):
                                                              law: the Rome Statute of the International Criminal
I would like to say that I am delighted that this open
                                                              Court.
debate is being held. I would like to thank you,


18                                                                                                            13-37153

                                                                                                            S/PV.6984


     Based on that significant progress, violence against    castration and mutilation of the enemy, a battle fought
women is now recognized as a human rights violation          among men but carried out on the bodies of women.
in that it flouts a series of rights and fundamental
                                                                  We all know that one of the elements used to
freedoms, including the right to life; the right not to
                                                             legitimize such acts has been the concept of the sexual
be subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading
                                                             honour of women as being the basis of male honour.
treatment; the right to equality before the law; the right
                                                             Hence sexual violence against women, sexual slavery
to equality in the family; and the right to the highest
                                                             and forced pregnancy become acts that are justifiable in
attainable standard of physical and mental health, inter
                                                             time of armed conflict, on the basis of the argument that
alia.
                                                             they meet the needs of men. Faced with this horrifying
     Part of the process of recognizing that violence        reality, we as women are throughout the world turning
against women is a violation of human rights involves        our sorrow into strength to demand that our human
stepping back from views that hold that violence             rights be respected and that an end be put to impunity.
against women represents a kind of cultural expression
                                                                  As we move along the road to equality, a key
or is the unquestionable prerogative of specific groups
                                                             milestone has been the entry into force of the Rome
or individuals in the context of the exercise of power.
                                                             Statute of the International Criminal Court. There,
     We know that violence against women is woven            for the first time, it was recognized in the framework
into the social fabric and pervades not only judicial        of international humanitarian law that rape and other
systems but also the way in which we see the world and       forms of sexual and gender violence are crimes as
relationships between human beings in time of peace          serious as genocide, torture, cruel treatment, mutilation
and in time of armed conflict.                               and slavery.
     In armed conflict, then, appalling violence against          That was also a turning point in the context of
women, mass rape, abduction and sexual slavery must          impunity — against impunity in law, which has its
not be regarded as exceptions but, rather, as a savage       origins in norms such as amnesties, and impunity in
extension of the daily violence against women. Indeed,       act, which runs the gamut from complicity on the part
violence against women is not a horrifying exception;        of public power, to the passivity of investigators, to
it is, rather, a continuum of violence. Thus, we note        selectivity or corruption on the part of the judiciary.
that perhaps because of this, although such violence is
                                                                  Those important advances are without a doubt the
repugnant and illegal, it is in cases of sexual violence
                                                             result of the jurisprudence of the International Tribunal
that we see the lowest level of protection and the highest
                                                             for the Former Yugoslavia, the International Criminal
rate of failure on the part of States to implement their
                                                             Tribunal for Rwanda, the Special Court for Sierra
unshirkable responsibility to respect and guarantee the
                                                             Leone, the Extraordinary Chambers in the Courts of
human rights of women.
                                                             Cambodia, the statements condemning sexual violence
     Such vulnerability is particularly acute in the         against women made at Beijing and Vienna, and the
field of criminal procedural law, where a perverse           active participation of the women’s movement.
cycle of victimization of women occurs. In cases of
                                                                 Those beliefs are reflected in my country’s decision
sexual violence, victims are routinely interrogated
                                                             to combat impunity by exercising the unshirkable duty
about their participation in the crime; they are exposed
                                                             of States to fight impunity. We have done this not only
to unacceptable standards of proof; their lives are
                                                             with respect to criminal prosecution for the crimes
investigated and assessed; their testimony is minimized
                                                             against humanity committed by the civil-military
or rejected; and their claims are silenced. Today, gender
                                                             dictatorship, using State terrorism, with 413 people
discrimination has reached the level of juris et de jure
                                                             already found guilty.
presumptions of law, with real and discriminatory
effects.                                                         We also recently signed the Arms Trade Treaty,
                                                             after having worked together with many present
    In the context of armed conflict, violence against
                                                             here, fighting hard to ensure that for the first time
women has particular significance. The worst crimes
                                                             the link between the international arms trade and
are committed in times of war, which exacerbates
                                                             gender violence could be recognized. The President
the inequality of women. Thus rape is a message of
                                                             of my country has signed a decree regarding the



13-3715319

S/PV.6984


implementation of our national plan of action on             is not just a grave concern, it is even endemic in many
resolution 1325 (2000) and complementary measures.           current situations on the Council’s daily agenda: the
Men and women participating in peacekeeping missions         Central African Republic, the Democratic Republic
are given training on gender perspectives and human          of the Congo, Mali, Afghanistan, Somalia, the Sudan,
rights. The strengthening of gender focal points in Blue     South Sudan and Syria. In the face of such violence,
Helmets is also a priority.                                  the international community’s strong expectation — it
                                                             should be their demand — is that the Council will do more.
     In the negotiations leading to the adoption today
                                                             The Council’s open debate on 17 April (see S/PV.6948)
of resolution 2106 (2013), we held intensive discussions
                                                             addressed many of the most compelling issues that we
on the tensions that may occur between the protection
                                                             should be dealing with. Today’s resolution 2106 (2013)
of human rights and the principle of State sovereignty,
                                                             is a further step towards ensuring that sexual violence
both fundamental pillars of the system of international
                                                             is addressed across the breadth of our work, but in
relations arising from the Charter of our Organization.
                                                             a very practical, programmatic way. That includes
    However, just as human rights cannot be degraded         the consistent application of targeted sanctions and
to be used as a Trojan horse for foreign interventionism     eliciting and monitoring commitments from all parties
in the domestic affairs of a country, neither can            to conflict.
sovereignty be invoked to cast a veil over serious
                                                                  Today I want to focus on the current culture of
human rights violations or to protect from impunity in a
                                                             impunity. Changing that to one of accountability
particular location. Argentina thus voted in favour of the
                                                             is fundamental to deterrence and prevention. We
resolution, in the belief that it respects the sovereignty
                                                             have recognized that sexual violence can constitute
of States and protects human rights, particularly those
                                                             war crimes and crimes against humanity; we have
of women. As our dear friend Zainab Bangura has said,
                                                             recognized that States have an obligation to investigate
eradicating sexual violence in armed conflict is not a
                                                             and prosecute such crimes; and we have recognized that
mission impossible.
                                                             ending impunity is a critical part of achieving lasting
     Mr. Quinlan (Australia): I wish to express my           peace. But the fact remains that we have seen only a
appreciation, Mr. President, for the United Kingdom’s        tiny number of perpetrators brought to justice. That
leadership and for Foreign Secretary Hague’s own             sends the dangerous message that sexual violence is
personal drive to bring more serious and systematic          still tolerated. As Special Representative Bangura said
international focus to the issue of the prevention of        this morning, “Today it is still largely cost-free to rape
sexual violence. I thank also the Secretary-General and      a woman, child or man in conflict”.
Special Representative Bangura for their determined
                                                                 States have the primary obligation to investigate
commitment, as well as Ms. Adong Anywar and all
                                                             and prosecute crimes of sexual violence. That requires
her colleagues for their inspirational work in the
                                                             that they criminalize each recognized crime — rape,
field, so often in the face of the corrosive violence of
                                                             sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced pregnancy,
indifference, and Ms. Angelina Jolie for her uninhibited
                                                             enforced sterilization and other forms of sexual violence
advocacy and reminder to the Council that so many
                                                             of comparable gravity. It is not sufficient to just have
millions of people rely on us.
                                                             those crimes on the books. Female victims of sexual
    We know that sexual violence is both a tactic and        violence must be provided with equal access to justice,
a consequence of conflict. It can prolong and deepen         which requires substantive rights to be recognized and
conflict. Its prevention is intrinsic to the protection      women and girls to be encouraged to exercise those
of civilians in conflict, a primordial concern of the        rights. Measures must be adopted to encourage victims
Council, and to rebuilding societies devastated by           and witnesses to testify against perpetrators and to
conflict. As successive resolutions of the Council make      protect those who do so.
plain, sexual violence goes to the heart of the Council’s
                                                                 National capacity must be developed to translate
mandate in conflict and post-conflict situations.
                                                             substantive laws into successful investigations and
    Despite the Council’s clear stance against sexual        prosecutions. In that context, we commend the work
violence in conflict, we also know about the terrible        being done by the United Nations Team of Experts on
number of women and girls, men and boys, who                 the Rule of Law and Sexual Violence in Conflict, the
continue to be affected by it every day. Sexual violence     United Kingdom’s own team of experts, Justice Rapid


20                                                                                                           13-37153

                                                                                                              S/PV.6984


Response and the Institute for International Criminal         of war more often than not. Vulnerable groups,
Investigations, among others. The Australian Civilian         including women, bear the brunt of conflict in many
Corps is strengthening its own gender-based violence          situations. Sexual violence against women and their
expertise to complement these efforts.                        sexual enslavement in armed conflict are not only
                                                              grave violations of women’s rights but also a flagrant
     Obviously, even the most sophisticated criminal
                                                              challenge to the human conscience and social justice.
justice systems will be of little use if the political will
to investigate and prosecute perpetrators is lacking.              It is no surprise that such acts have been
National authorities must fight stigmas that impede           unanimously condemned and opposed by the
the reporting of incidents of sexual violence to law          international community. China strongly condemns
enforcement authorities. Investigators must be trained        all violence against civilians in armed conflict, and is
to look for evidence of crimes of sexual violence and to      resolutely opposed to using sexual violence as a means
gather the evidence necessary to sustain prosecutions.        of war, as well as to any acts of sexual violence or
Crimes of sexual violence, like other serious                 sexual enslavement against women. We call for the full
international crimes, must be excluded from amnesty           implementation of the Council’s relevant resolutions
provisions. States should also consider complementary         and urge all parties to conflict to abide by international
processes, such as truth and reconciliation commissions,      law and international humanitarian law, and to cease all
to supplement criminal accountability processes.              acts of violence against women immediately. I would
Where national jurisdictions are unable or unwilling to       like to emphasize the following three points.
prosecute crimes of sexual violence, the Council should
                                                                   First, combating sexual violence in conflict must
consider International Criminal Court (ICC) referral,
                                                              be done with full respect for national sovereignty, and
and ensure that the Council supports subsequent ICC
                                                              should rely primarily on national efforts. National
activities. We commend the ICC on its leadership in
                                                              Governments bear the primary responsibility for
seeking to ensure that crimes of sexual violence are not
                                                              protecting women’s rights in their country; it is they,
neglected in the fight against impunity.
                                                              first and foremost, that should carry out the task of
    In conclusion, we have focused today on the victims       implementing the Council’s resolutions and fighting
of sexual violence, who are overwhelmingly female.            sexual violence in conflict. In assisting the countries
But women are not just victims. They are critical             concerned, the international community, including the
agents in conflict prevention, resolution, rebuilding         United Nations, must fully respect their sovereignty; it
and reconciliation. Just as we must ensure women’s full       is important to respect their will and the programmes
and effective participation in efforts to address sexual      drawn up by national Governments based on their own
violence through both prevention and protection, we           conditions. It is important to strengthen coordination
must also to utilize their decisive power to bring about      with the Governments concerned, provide constructive
peace. That is fundamental to the Council’s work              help and avoid imposing from outside.
     Mr. Wang Min (China) (spoke in Chinese): I                     Secondly, the Security Council has an active role
welcome Foreign Secretary Hague and I am grateful for         to play in fighting sexual violence in armed conflict,
his coming to New York to preside over today’s meeting.       in the light of its own mandate and strengths. However,
I would also like to thank Secretary-General Ban              it is different from the Human Rights Council and it is
Ki-moon, the Special Representative of the Secretary-         also different from the Commission on the Status of
General on Sexual Violence in Conflict, Ms. Zainab            Women. When addressing sexual violence, the Council
Bangura, and the Special Envoy of the United Nations          must not encroach upon the responsibilities of other
High Commissioner for Refugees for their briefings. I         United Nations bodies. It must effectively implement its
have listened carefully to the statement by Ms. Anywar.       primary responsibility, that of maintaining international
                                                              peace and security, and its efforts must focus on
     Women are a major force for peace, stability and
                                                              conflict prevention, peacekeeping and post-conflict
development in society. The promotion of gender
                                                              reconstruction, thereby creating a legal, political and
equality and women’s rights represents a true reflection
                                                              security environment conducive to addressing sexual
of human civilization and progress, and is also closely
                                                              violence in armed conflict and to protecting women’s
related to peace and world development. In situations
                                                              rights. The various organs of the United Nations must
of armed conflict, however, sexual violence against
                                                              follow their own mandates and respect the division of
women is employed by parties to conflict as a means


13-3715321

S/PV.6984


labour, making every attempt to avoid any overlap of         delegation would like to commend the leadership of the
efforts.                                                     United Kingdom in addressing the issue.
     Thirdly, attention must be paid to the issues               We welcome the declaration of the Group of Eight
underlying the protection of women’s security and            (G-8) on preventing sexual violence in conflict, adopted
curbing sexual violence in armed conflict. It is important   in April under the United Kingdom presidency of the
to address issues of women’s rights at a deeper level,       G-8. As the declaration recognizes, sexual violence
in order to promote women’s full development and             represents one of the most serious forms of violation
eliminate the root causes of conflict. Attention should      or abuse of international humanitarian law and human
also be given to improving the economic and social           rights law, and there should be no safe haven for
development of the countries concerned, in order to          perpetrators of such crimes.
enhance women’s status and fully empower them. The
                                                                 I would like to underline the following three points.
international community must increase its attention
                                                             First, we underscore the importance of accountability at
to the development of women in those countries and
                                                             the national level. States bear the primary responsibility
scale up its aid in that area. It should support capacityto protect women and girls from conflict-related sexual
building for the Governments concerned and ensure
                                                             violence and bring those responsible to justice. In that
that assistance to women’s development is increased
                                                             regard, my delegation welcomes the stress placed by
in their countries so as to effectively enhance women’s
                                                             the Special Representative of the Secretary-General
status and protect their rights.
                                                             on national ownership, leadership and responsibility in
     China took an active part in the consultations on       combating sexual violence as one of her priorities. All
drafting today’s resolution on sexual violence in armed      States should include the full range of acts of sexual
conflict (resolution 2106 (2013)), and has just voted in     violence in national penal legislation and ensure the
favour of it. We believe that the Special Representatives    investigation and prosecution of those responsible for
and United Nations missions should implement it in           violations through proper legal and policy frameworks.
strict observance of the Council’s mandate.
                                                                 We believe that political will is crucial. The lack of
    China is ready to continue to play, with the             adequate national capacity to investigate and prosecute
international community, an active role in fighting          sexual violence may also be one of the main challenges
sexual violence in armed conflict.                           to ensuring accountability for crimes of conflict-related
                                                             sexual violence. We welcome the fact that the Team of
     Mr. Kim Sook (Republic of Korea): I would like
                                                             Experts on the Rule of Law and Sexual Violence in
to thank the United Kingdom leadership for convening
                                                             Conflict has been focusing its efforts on strengthening
this meeting. I appreciate the presence here today of
                                                             the capacity of national rule of law and justice actors.
the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth
Affairs, Mr. William Hague. I would also like to express          The long-term prevention of sexual violence is
my sincere appreciation to the Secretary-General and         equally important. We also commend UN-Women for
his Special Representative, Ms. Bangura, for their           its increasing contribution to the promotion of gender
informative briefings, as well as to Ms. Angelina Jolie      equality and women’s political, social and economic
and Ms. Jane Adong Anywar for their powerful and             empowerment, as well as their participation in every
moving statements.                                           sector of society.
     Rape, sexual slavery and other forms of sexual               Secondly, we would like to stress the significance
violence in conflict are strictly prohibited under           of the international justice mechanism. When national
international humanitarian law and can constitute            justice systems are unwilling or unable to fulfil their
war crimes, crimes against humanity and constitutive         responsibilities, international mechanisms, including
acts of genocide. Ensuring accountability for those          the International Criminal Court (ICC), as well as
responsible is crucial to eradicating conflict-related       the ad hoc and mixed tribunals, should play the role
sexual violence. However, it is a disturbing historical      of ensuring accountability. The fact that charges of
fact that, in many cases, national and international         sexual violence are included in nearly every case
justice systems have failed to bring perpetrators of such    of investigation and prosecution indicates both the
sexual violence to justice. Against that backdrop, my        prevalence of conflict-related sexual violence and the



22                                                                                                           13-37153

                                                                                                               S/PV.6984


significant role of the ICC in holding perpetrators of        the crucial need to ensure justice for survivors is, in our
those crimes accountable.                                     opinion, particularly appropriate.
     The Security Council should play its role by referring       I also take this opportunity to thank the Secretaryserious sexual violence to the ICC and by adopting            General for his statement, and Ms. Zainab Hawa Bangura
targeted and graduated measures of relevant sanctions         for her remarkable work as Special Representative of
committees. Furthermore, the Security Council needs           the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict.
to systematically reflect sexual violence in conflict         Finally, I welcome the contribution of Ms. Jane Adong
in all relevant country resolutions and ensure the            Anywar, of the NGO Women’s Initiatives for Gender
inclusion of specific language on addressing conflict-        Justice, and Ms. Angelina Jolie, Special Envoy of
related sexual violence, including the accelerated and        United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees.
extended deployment of women’s protection advisers in
                                                                 My delegation fully aligns with the statement to be
all peacekeeping and political mission mandates.
                                                              made by the observer of the European Union.
    Thirdly, fighting impunity and ensuring
                                                                  It is important that the Council reiterate today its
accountability should be given critical importance in
                                                              most firm condemnation of sexual violence. That abject
ceasefire and post-conflict reconstruction processes.
                                                              and cowardly war tactic ruins the lives of hundreds of
Ending impunity is crucial if a society recovering from
                                                              thousands of women and girls, as well as of many men
conflict is to come to terms with the past and to prevent
                                                              and boys, who become not only the powerless witnesses
future abuses. Sexual violence should be included in
                                                              of the harm inflicted on their spouses, mothers,
the definition of acts prohibited by ceasefires and in
                                                              daughters and sisters, but also, with greater frequency,
provisions for ceasefire monitoring. Furthermore,
                                                              direct victims of sexual violence.
crimes of sexual violence need to be excluded from
amnesty provisions in the context of conflict resolution           Sexual violence in armed conflict is indisputably
processes.                                                    a subject directly linked to international peace and
                                                              security, as underscored in resolutions 1820 (2008),
    In that context, my delegation would like to stress
                                                              1888 (2009) and 1960 (2010), and today’s resolution
that delivering justice for victims of sexual violence
                                                              2106 (2013). The fight against sexual violence in
is not just about holding perpetrators accountable, but
                                                              conflict is complex undertaking requiring various
also ensures reparative justice. We fully support the
                                                              levels of action, including combating impunity, which
recommendation in the report of the Secretary-General
                                                              is especially important.
(S/2013/149) that reparations awarded through judicial
or administrative mechanisms be established and made              Both restorative and punitive, justice can play a
available to victims of sexual violence in conflict.          prevention role in terms of future conflict by deterring
                                                              potential perpetrators from committing crimes. By
    My delegation welcomes resolution 2106 (2013)
                                                              the same token, justice must enable victims to gain
adopted today, and commends the leadership of the
                                                              recognition for wrongs they have experienced, and
United States delegation for effectively steering the
                                                              thereby facilitate the process of remembrance and
negotiation process. We believe that the resolution will
                                                              reparation, eventually leading to reconciliation and
mark another significant milestone in our difficult but
                                                              peacebuilding. As the representative of a victims
victorious journey towards ending sexual violence and
                                                              organization in Guinea once said, “before turning
the culture of impunity the world over.
                                                              the page, we must read the page”. Unfortunately, at
    Before closing, my delegation would like to               present the vast majority of victims are deprived of this
commend the excellent work of Special Representative          basic right and the vast majority of the perpetrators of
Bangura and extend its full support to her in fulfilling      these crimes do not answer for their actions. That is
her mandate. The Republic of Korea will remain                inacceptable.
committed to fighting conflict-related sexual violence,
                                                                   We all know that regardless of cultures and
in cooperation with the international community.
                                                              backgrounds, cases of sexual violence are not always
    Ms. Lucas (Luxembourg) (spoke in French):                 reported, either because the survivors fear being
Allow me to thank you, Sir, for having organized this         ostracized or because they fear for their lives or those
important open debate on sexual violence in armed             of their relatives, or for both reasons at once. We must
conflict. Its focus on the fight against impunity and on      therefore make every effort to ensure protection for


13-3715323

S/PV.6984


victims. It is also important to protect the human rights    It sends a clear signal to all parties who commit sexual
advocates who struggle daily to make the survivors           violence that the Security Council will not relax its
heard. A crime that is not denounced and documented          attention to these acts. Impunity will not prevail.
is a crime that can never be prosecuted and will never
                                                                 Mr. Kadangha-Bariki (Togo) (spoke in French):
be the subject of reparations.
                                                             Mr. President, I want to thank your country, the United
    National courts are primarily responsible for            Kingdom, for having organized today’s debate on the
prosecuting and trying the perpetrators of sexual            theme “Women and peace and security”, especially
violence associated with armed conflict. States must         sexual violence in armed conflict, and to welcome your
likewise assume their responsibilities by taking the steps   presence among us to lead our work. I also welcome
necessary to incorporate into their national legislation     the Ministers of France, Guatemala and Morocco. Their
provisions criminalizing sexual violence and excluding       presence in this debate reflects the interest that their
amnesty laws for the most serious crimes, including          countries attach to this alarming issue.
sexual violence. The international community, for its
                                                                I also thank the Secretary-General, Ms. Zainab
part, must continue to support national authorities in
                                                             Bangura, Ms. Angelina Jolie and Ms. Jane Adong
their efforts to fight impunity. At the United Nations,
                                                             Anywar for their respective briefings.
the Team of Experts on the Rule of Law and Sexual
Violence in Conflict can play a particularly useful               I also thank the United States delegation for
supporting role in this regard.                              its leadership in the preparation and negotiation of
                                                             resolution 2106 (2013), which we have just adopted.
    But we must be clear — whatever the reason, many
countries in post-conflict situations do not have and             Women and girls continue to be the victims of
will not have in the medium term a legal system capable      violence of all kinds during and after armed conflict,
of judging, with all the guarantees of fair justice, the     despite all the efforts being made to prevent it. The
perpetrators of these crimes. In such circumstances,         emergence of new armed groups in old conflicts, such
under the principle of complementarity, international        as those in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo
criminal justice must fulfil its supplementary role.         and the Central African Republic, and the emergence
                                                             of new conflicts, such as those in Mali and Syria,
     My delegation applauds the efforts made in this
                                                             have undoubtedly increased the number of women and
regard by the International Criminal Court (ICC). The
                                                             girl victims of sexual violence. These armed groups,
actions and proceedings before the ICC have clearly
                                                             with their generally undisciplined fighters, engage in
helped to strengthen the fight against impunity. I recall
                                                             countless acts of violence that constitute crimes under
in this context that the issue of a second arrest warrant
                                                             international law. We cannot exonerate national armed
against General Bosco Ntaganda includes counts of
                                                             forces from such human rights violations, since they
crimes against humanity, rape and sexual slavery.
                                                             too harbour so-called rogue elements who commit
Bosco Ntaganda is now in The Hague being tried for
                                                             the same abuses as those committed by armed rebel
his crimes, thanks to the cooperation of Member States
                                                             groups, particularly rape, which has now become a
that have contributed to his transfer to the ICC. This
                                                             tactic common to all belligerents.
is critical matter, and I reiterate the call on States to
cooperate with the Court in accordance with their                As we noted in our statement on this issue in April
respective obligations.                                      under the Rwandan presidency (see S/PV.6948), the
                                                             main underlying causes of the violence include poverty,
     Finally, in the fight against impunity and to end
                                                             poor governance, the democratic deficit, revenge and
sexual violence related to conflict, it is important for
                                                             the desire for racial domination and to impose one’s
the Council to continue to discharge its responsibilities,
                                                             culture or religion. This reality is common to all
provide concrete follow-up to its decisions, adopt, if
                                                             countries in conflict, and such problems should be
necessary, targeted measures to increase the pressure
                                                             taken into account by all Governments while their
on perpetrators, and systematically inscribe the alleged
                                                             countries enjoy peace and stability.
perpetrators of sexual violence on sanctions committee
lists, taking into account the information provided by           There can be no doubt that atrocities against
the Special Representative in this regard. Resolution        women and girls will continue to be committed if their
2106 (2013), which we have just adopted, is important in     authors have no fear of being caught and if aggressors
that repsect, and Luxembourg is proud to be a sponsor.       are not prosecuted and punshed. We believe that verbal


24                                                                                                          13-37153

                                                                                                              S/PV.6984


condemnations and promises to act are no longer                   Despite all the difficulties and the need to ensure
enough. We must go further by seeking to further             the protection of women and girls in armed conflict
educate not only military and Government leaders,            and to prosecute their attackers, there is still the hope
but also rebel movements. Raising awareness among            that combating such violence will succeed thanks to the
the commanders of these forces on the protection of          commitment and efforts of the international community.
civilians, respect for international legal instruments,      We wish to commend the efforts of UN-Women, the
humanitarian law and human rights law, as well as            Department of Peacekeeping Operations and many
the effective implementation of relevant agreements,         international and non-governmental organizations to
should be favored and supported.                             that end. However, their advocacy must include a plea
                                                             for the universalization of the Arms Trade Treaty,
     Peace missions are already working in these areas,
                                                             because its implementation by all States, particularly
and we thank them for it. However, we believe that
                                                             those where weapons are manufactured, could make a
capacity-building would contribute further towards
                                                             big contribution to ending the sale and illegal trafficking
that goal. We stress and welcome the particular role
                                                             of arms in countries in conflict. Such weapons fuel
of women’s protection advisers and gender advisers
                                                             conflict and violence, particularly against women and
in peacekeeping operations, as was highlighted at the
                                                             girls.
Arria formula meeting of 17 May organized by Australia
and Guatemala under the Togolese presidency of the               Mr. Zagaynov (Russian Federation) (spoke in
Security Council. These advisers should be present in        Russian): At the outset, we thank the Secretary-General
all peace missions.                                          and the briefers who have been invited to the Council for
                                                             their statements and useful information on combating
     We must address the issue of impunity through
                                                             sexual violence in armed conflict.
the adoption of strict provisions. In this regard, the
United Nations should assist States in developing                The Security Council, over the past five years,
or establishing mechanisms of cooperation through            has repeatedly considered the topic of sexual violence
bilateral or regional agreements for the arrest and          in armed conflict. The Russian stance was fully laid
extradition of alleged perpetrators of violence against      out during a similar Security Council open debate in
women and girls. and by strengthening the capacity of        April this year (see S/PV6948), under the Rwandan
national courts, whose weaknesses with respect to this       presidency. For that reason, today we would like to
issue tend to perpetuate the violence.                       simply touch on some key points.
     However, we believe that if the fight against                The diverse nature of violence in armed conflict
impunity is to succeed, we must establish effective          requires us to pay particular attention to all of its
cooperation between national and international               manifestations. We should base our consideration of the
courts, and between them and States, including in the        issue of women, peace and security on a comprehensive
enforcement of arrest warrants and other decisions. All      approach, as stipulated in resolution 1325 (2000).
too often, unfortunately, we note a lack of political will   Sexual violence is one such manifestation of cause,
in that regard. We must remember that every State must       warranting firm condemnation and harsh punishment.
try and prosecute the perpetrators of serious human          Painstaking investigations of all cases and punishment
rights violations on its territory. States must cooperate    for the perpetrators are the keys to success in combating
to that end.                                                 that heinous practice.
    Women and girls are the primary victims of                   We believe that attempts to expand the
violations of their fundamental human rights in armed        interpretation of the relevant scope pertaining to armed
conflict. They must therefore be part of the solution.       conflict and post-conflict situations that has been
As the French representative has pointed out, they           agreed in intergovernmental processes and laid down in
must be stakeholders and not passive subjects. It is         resolutions of the Security Council are unjustified. We
therefore important to involve them in every mediation       consider that such an approach could have a negative
and peacebuilding process in the aftermath of conflict.      impact not only on the work of the Security Council
We welcome the Security Council’s commitment to              and the United Nations as a whole, but also and more
ensuring the greater involvement and higher numbers          practically on the effectiveness of combating sexual
of women in peacekeeping operations so that they can         violence.
play a significant role in victim protection.


13-3715325

S/PV.6984


    It is important for all structures involved in the      Other forms of violence — sexual slavery, commercial
matter to avoid excessive bureaucracy, which replaces       sexual exploitation, forced pregnancies and enforced
the real fight against sexual violence in armed             sterilization — are rampant. Such violence assaults
conflict. We consider that it is not possible to combat     human dignity, ruins the lives of survivors and their
sexual violence in armed conflict without the active        families, and subjects communities and societies to
involvement of national authorities in the process.         torture and trauma. Sexual violence in armed conflicts
The work of the representatives of the United Nations       is used to force the displacement of populations,
system on the ground and cooperation between United         illegally acquire natural resources, eliminate political
Nations missions and country teams and non-State            opponents and punish ethnic and religious groups.
armed groups should be carried out with the consent
                                                                 Security Council resolutions over the years have
of and in close cooperation with the Governments of
                                                            established that systematic sexual violence, used as
the affected States. They should also be consulted on
                                                            an instrument of war, is a grave threat to international
providing assistance or services.
                                                            peace and security. By now, we have developed a
     It is important that the primary responsibility        strong normative and institutional framework to fight
in protecting civilians in their territory be borne         that scourge. The erroneous thesis that sexual violence
by Governments. Respect for the sovereignty and             in armed conflict is a cultural phenomenon has been
territorial integrity of Member States is a fundamental     rejected. Yet, we know that the implementation of
and indivisible principle of the United Nations work.       decisions has been slow and monitoring indifferent.
These principles will be vigorously upheld when they        Those who commit, command and condone sexual
can foster the development of effective international       violence still, by and large, act with impunity.
cooperation in combating sexual violence.
                                                                 Resolution 2106 (21303), adopted today, will
    Mr. Masood Khan (Pakistan): We thank the                have an impact on implementation as it translates the
United Kingdom Secretary of State of Foreign and            Secretary-General’s recommendations into concrete
Commonwealth Affairs, Mr. Hague, for presiding over         decisions. The Security Council, by today’s resolution,
today’s debate and the Ministers of Guatemala, France       calls for targeted sanctions against perpetrators. It
and Morocco for their statements.                           equips different bodies and entities with tools to oppose
                                                            impunity, empowers women to seek redress, strengthens
     We deeply appreciate the Secretary-General’s
                                                            international political response and fosters national
special briefing today, his leadership on combating
                                                            ownership. The Council’s call for the immediate
sexual violence in armed conflict and his recent
                                                            cessation of acts of sexual violence and implementation
visits to meet the victims of sexual violence. Special
                                                            of time-bound commitments should be heeded by all
Representative Zainab Bangura has, in a short span of
                                                            parties to armed conflicts. Those calls are not abstract.
time, injected a sense of urgency for intensified action.
                                                            They should resonate to real life situations in the
We pay a tribute to her for her passion and hard work.
                                                            Syria Arab Republic, Guinea-Bissau, the Democratic
Ms. Angelina Jolie’s personal commitment and strong
                                                            Republic of the Congo, the Central African Republic
advocacy of women’s rights have produced results.
                                                            and other armed conflicts.
    The United Kingdom delegation’s succinct concept
                                                                It is important that measures against sexual violence
note (S/2013/335, annex) has guided our preparations
                                                            be made an integral part of disarmament, demobilization
for this debate. We especially applaud the leadership
                                                            and reintegration and security sector reform processes.
role of the United States in the Security Council on
                                                            Before these exercises are started, mechanisms should
women, peace and security. We thank the United States
                                                            be put in place for women’s protection. More women
delegation for working skilfully and inclusively to forge
                                                            should sit at the table where decisions are made on peace
consensus on resolution 2106 (2013), adopted today.
                                                            and ceasefire accords, peacekeeping, stabilization and
    As the briefers have substantiated once again           reconstruction. As the French Minister said so aptly,
today, the vile crime of sexual violence in armed           women should be stakeholders, not subjects.
conflict is a growing phenomenon. Women, girls, men
                                                                It is imperative to mainstream a gender perspective
and boys are all targeted, but women bear the brunt of
                                                            into peacekeeping operations. As one of the largest
sexual atrocities in wars and armed conflicts. They
                                                            troop-contributing countries, Pakistan can testify that
are harassed, molested, raped, maimed and disabled.
                                                            the appointment of gender advisers in the field has been


26                                                                                                          13-37153

                                                                                                              S/PV.6984


very useful. Adequate resources should be allocated          in asymmetric struggles in which those who control
for that purpose. Pakistani women peacekeepers have          resources impose their force and will, the environment
served as police officers, doctors and nurses in missions    of conflict is influencing economic dynamics. Countries
in Asia, Africa and the Balkans. We have made gender         in crisis resort to the arms trade to strengthen their real
sensitization a mandatory part of the training of our        economies. This leads us to wonder what has happened
peacekeepers.                                                to the sense of global ethics. Nothing harms human
                                                             rights more than fueling the economy with weapons.
    To conclude, I emphasize that we should also devote
energies to addressing the root causes of conflicts.             Global military spending in 2012 totaled
While the Council takes punitive measures against            $1.753 trillion, which is more than 2.5 per cent of global
perpetrators, its efforts are strengthened by the voice      gross domestic product. The five countries with the
of the global citizens who help us nurture a culture         highest military expenditure together represent more
of zero tolerance of unconscionable acts of sexual           than four-fifths of total global military expenditure.
violence. In this context, the perspective of Ms. Jane
                                                                 As we address the problem of sexual violence in
Adong Anywar of NGO Women’s Initiatives for Gender
                                                             conflict against this backdrop, it must be borne in mind
Justice is important and directly relevant to our work.
                                                             that there exist social conventions whereby violence
    The President: I now give the floor to the               against women is permitted and has, unfortunately,
representative of Ecuador.                                   come to seem normal and commonplace. Rapes
                                                             committed during conflict are intended to terrorize,
    Ms. Espinosa (Ecuador) (spoke in Spanish): We
                                                             break families and communities apart, and transmit
thank you, Sir, for having convened this open debate.
                                                             infections, and, at times, change the ethnic composition
At the same time, I would like to reiterate the position
                                                             of populations. However, beyond the motivations for the
of Ecuador that the Security Council, in recognition
                                                             use of such acts as weapons of war, they also contribute
of the value of keeping the discussion of the serious
                                                             to the possession and control of women as pawns of
topic before us today alive, must constrain its actions in
                                                             war.
keeping with the provisions of the Charter of the United
Nations in this as in all contexts — that is to say, with        Sexual violence is a violation of fundamental human
respect to matters posing a threat international peace       rights, and of the human rights and dignity of women
and security.                                                in particular. Efforts to use international humanitarian
                                                             law and international criminal law to protect women
     The Ecuadorian Constitution defines our country
                                                             from sexual violence must be redoubled.
as a territory of peace. Likewise, as a member of the
Union of South American Nations, we have set out to               All States are responsible not only for ending such
build a region of peace where the peaceful resolution        violence but also for ending impunity for war crimes,
of disputes is promoted. We believe that this approach       including those related to sexual violence. In Ecuador,
is fundamental to avoiding conflict. We understand           the Constitution recognizes the right of people to live
that peace is not simply the absence of war, but that it     free from all forms of violence. Our Constitution also
requires us to work to eradicate poverty and inequality      designates the armed forces as an institution to protect
at the national and international levels. We must            the rights, freedoms and guarantees of citizens, and that
recognize that armed conflicts often arise in contexts       members of the armed forces may be judged only by the
of inequality between States resulting from an unjust        legal system, which is why the Military Justice Court
international economic system and various forms of           was abolished in 2008. This reflects the determination
social exclusion and ethnic, religious and gender-based      of the State to ensure the impartiality of judges and to
intolerance, which are determining factors at the root of    prevent impunity.
armed conflicts and acts of violence. We must therefore
                                                                 In keeping with these constitutional foundations,
call on States to avoid wars of aggression and the use
                                                             reforms to the penal code were introduced in 2010, and
of force against supposed threats and to respect the
                                                             a chapter was included on crimes against people and
sovereignty and self-determination of peoples.
                                                             goods protected by international humanitarian law,
    The current situation of conflicts around the            incorporating the crimes covered by the Rome Statute
world is extremely worrying. In this scenario, where         and providing for the severe punishment with extended
the inequalities among States manifest themselves            prison sentences of 16 to 25 years for any military


13-3715327

S/PV.6984


personnel who commit acts of a sexual or reproductive               Finally, Ecuador stresses that combating impunity
nature, including rape, against protected persons during       is vital in order to deal with the issue of sexual violence
an armed conflict.                                             in conflict. But even more important is to address
                                                               the causes of conflict, that is, the arms economy and
     It is crucial to bear in mind that the participation of
                                                               violence committed by the powerful. Our commitment
women on an equal footing with men is indispensible for
                                                               is to build a true culture of peace and new ways of
achieving peace. The State of Ecuador has incorporated
                                                               coexistence.
the gender perspective into its National Plan for Good
Living, but also has a national plan for the eradication           The President: I now give the floor to the
of gender-based violence, which was established as             representative of Sweden.
State policy in 2007. The Ministry of National Defence
                                                                   Ms. Enstrom (Sweden): I have the honour to speak
promotes the concept of defence as a public good, and a
                                                               on behalf of the Nordic countries: Denmark, Finland,
gender approach is therefore incorporated into defence
                                                               Iceland, Norway and my own country, Sweden.
policy. Human rights are seen as an area for action in
policy implementation, including through the promotion              I would like to begin by thanking the United
of policies of gender equality, coexistence and respect        Kingdom presidency for having organized this open
for cultural identity and the effective implementation of      debate and the Secretary-General for his briefing. I
resolutions 1325 (2000) and 1889 (2009).                       also express warm thanks to Special Representative
                                                               of the Secretary-General Bangura and Special Envoy
    In March this year, we established the Ecuadorian
                                                               Jolie as well as to the representative of civil society
Armed Forces Gender Policy, based on the principles
                                                               for their crucial role in developing, advocating and
of equality and non-discrimination, especially
                                                               implementing this agenda.
non-discrimination against women. The Policy
emphasizes the strategic political importance of the               We welcome the adoption today of resolution 2106
participation of women in the military sphere, with equal      (2013), which, together with resolutions 1820 (2008),
rights and opportunities. The Gender Policy promotes           1888 (2009), 1889 (2009) and 1960 (2010) complement
change in the cultural patterns that lead to gender-based      landmark resolution 1325 (2000) on women, peace
violence, is incorporated into the education of military       and security. All five Nordic countries are sponsors of
personnel, and promotes educational programmes on              today’s resolution.
preventing sexual violence, in particular in training
                                                                   We also welcome the United Kingdom’s initiative
troops.
                                                               on preventing sexual violence in conflict and the
    To measure the impact of the Gender Policy with            subsequent Group of Eight declaration, which we hope
indicators, the Ministry of Defence has a computerized         will enforce the already existing array of mechanisms
system for monitoring human rights, gender equality            within the United Nations and at the regional and
and intercultural matters. This system allows us to            national levels. The focus on sexual violence is
link cases of suspected human rights violations and            important but should not come at the expense of the
gender-based violence, serving as a useful tool for            broader agenda on women, peace and security.
building respect for human rights and gender equality
                                                                   In my statement, I would like to focus on three
in the armed forces and for eradicating violence
                                                               issues: the need to strengthen the participation of both
against individuals, communities, ethnic groups and
                                                               women and men in efforts to prevent sexual violence;
nationalities.
                                                               the need to strengthen national ownership and to
     We believe that if each State establishes a national      build capacity at the national level to effectively fight
framework, international ones will be strengthened.            impunity; and the need for accountability, to end the
No one should be beyond the reach of national or               culture of impunity for such crimes.
international justice in cases of gender violence,
                                                                    The full and equal participation of women and men
particularly sexual violence in situations of conflict.
                                                               in conflict prevention and peacebuilding is fundamental
Hence Ecuador, as a State party, supports the
                                                               to combating sexual violence. Solutions must encompass
International Criminal Court and calls on those States
                                                               all sectors of society, both in peacetime and in times of
that have not yet done so, particularly those involved in
                                                               conflict. Women must not be seen merely as victims but
conflict of any sort, to accede to the Rome Statute.



28                                                                                                              13-37153

                                                                                                            S/PV.6984


as active participants who are central to all efforts to      the gender provisions contained in the recently adopted
combat sexual violence in conflict.                           United Nations Arms Trade Treaty.
    Experience shows that women’s involvement in                  We commend the contribution of the Team of
peace processes can lead to more legitimate and lasting       Experts on the Rule of Law and Sexual Violence in
agreements. We need women to participate actively not         Conflict, as well as the Justice Rapid Response, which
only in United Nations field operations and missions,         serves to support the strengthening of the national
but also in national and local institutions.                  capacity to investigate and prosecute such crimes.
    Efforts to end sexual violence in conflict must                Let us not forget the importance of providing
include scrutiny of how gender roles are shaped               justice for those men and women who are victims of
and upheld in peacetime. Societies that view men as           crimes of sexual violence. The crime itself causes pain,
superior create an environment that is conducive to           trauma and psychological stigma for survivors. It is
sexual violence in armed conflict.                            crucial that services be in place, including access to
                                                              emergency contraception and safe abortion. The right
    As Minister for Defence, I would like to emphasize
                                                              to make decisions about one’s own body, life and sexual
the importance of integrating a gender perspective in
                                                              health is a basic human right. Survivors must know that
peacekeeping operations. If we neglect information
                                                              they are not alone and that justice can be done.
from 50 per cent of the local population, missions
will be less successful. If we do not include half the            In closing, let me commend the Council’s crucial
population in our security assessments, we cannot             work in advancing the women, peace and security
address the security needs of the whole population.           agenda. But let me also reiterate our expectations that
                                                              the Council will make use of its powers in order to
    Two months ago, I visited Mali, a country whose
                                                              achieve our common goal: to end sexual violence in
northern regions are currently experiencing conflict.
                                                              conflict once and for all.
     As in any conflict situation, it is the international
                                                                  The President: I now give the floor to the
community’s responsibility to ensure accountability
                                                              representative of Lithuania.
for the atrocities committed, including sexual violence.
We welcome the United Nations-led peacekeeping                   Mr. Germanas (Lithuania): I would like to start by
operation to Mali, the United Nations Multidimensional        congratulating the United Kingdom presidency of the
Integrated Stabilization Mission in Mali, and the             Security Council for the month of June for holding this
deployment of a senior women’s protection adviser             important debate.
from the outset. It is in all our interests that operations
                                                                 Lithuania associates itself with the statement to be
include a gender perspective and awareness of sexual
                                                              made later by the observer of the European Union.
violence in conflict.
                                                                   In my national capacity, let me express Lithuania’s
    The Nordic Centre for Gender in Military
                                                              full support for the recommendations contained in the
Operations, established last year, supports military
                                                              latest report of the Secretary-General (S/2013/149).
organizations in applying a gender perspective in
                                                              Let me also commend the Special Representative of
operations. The centre is a hub for the exchange of
                                                              the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict,
knowledge and experience in this area.
                                                              Ms. Zainab Bangura, for her personal dedication and
     On the issue of accountability, if a State is            commitment.
unwilling or unable to investigate and prosecute such
                                                                  To tackle impunity, sustained comprehensive
international crimes, the ICC and other international
                                                              efforts are needed at the national level to guarantee
tribunals play a crucial role. But the ICC is a court of
                                                              the prosecution of conflict-related sexual violence and
last resort. Together we must build political support
                                                              support for survivors. The Council could make a major
and technical capacity so as to enable the effective
                                                              difference by supporting the early establishment of
prosecution of sexual violence at the national level.
                                                              national reparations programmes as well as developing
    We also call on the Security Council sanctions            a more robust monitoring and reporting system.
Committee to focus on sexual violence crimes and to
                                                                  National action plans on the implementation of
use its powers to combat impunity, and we welcome
                                                              resolution 1325 (2000) are an important tool that


13-3715329

S/PV.6984


should be fully utilized. Lithuania’s national action            The President: I wish to remind all speakers to
plan, adopted in December 2011, contains a variety          limit their statements to no more than four minutes
of measures aimed at women’s empowerment through            in order to enable the Council to carry out its work
literacy, education, networking and the development         expeditiously. Delegations with lengthy statements are
of skills. It has direct linkages with Lithuania’s          kindly requested to circulate the texts in writing and
development cooperation programmes, which include a         to deliver a condensed version when speaking in the
strong gender element.                                      Chamber. The presidency will cut off those delegations
                                                            that speak for significantly more than four minutes.
    All pre-departure training for Lithuanian military
and police personnel participating in international             I also wish to inform all concerned that we will be
missions includes specific training on gender issues.       carrying on this open debate right through the lunch
Lithuania strongly supports the inclusion of gender-        hour, as we have a very large number of speakers.
based violence and violence against women and
                                                                I now give the floor to the representative of Brazil.
children among the mandatory assessment criteria for
arms exports in the international Arms Trade Treaty.            Mr. Machado (Brazil): I thank you, Sir, for
                                                            convening this debate. I also thank the Secretary-The disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
                                                            General for his remarks. We are grateful to Special
and security sector reform processes, including
                                                            Representative Zainab Bangura for her presentation.
stringent vetting of personnel, provide an important
                                                            My delegation also thanks Ms. Jane Adong Anywar and
window of opportunity for effective justice for victims
                                                            Ms. Angelina Jolie for their participation.
of sexual violence in conflict. Security sector reforms
must include provisions on the personal accountability           Sexual violence is probably one of the most
of the police and the military, all the way up to the       shameful facets of armed conflict. Despite the progress
leadership.                                                 achieved since the adoption of resolution 1820 (2008),
                                                            the deliberate use of sexual violence as a tactic of war is
    Establishing effective oversight, transparency,
                                                            still widespread. Effectively addressing the remaining
and human rights and gender training for security
                                                            challenges requires combining prevention, justice and
sector personnel is instrumental in countering the
                                                            support to victims.
culture of impunity. My delegation welcomes the
Secretary General’s recommendation that blanket                  As with any other type of violence against
amnesties should not be applied where conflict-related      civilians, conflict prevention is the best way to ensure
sexual violence is in question. My delegation strongly      the protection of women and girls. First and foremost,
supports the implementation of the zero-tolerance           parties and the international community, especially the
policy towards sexual misconduct in the United              Council, must actively seek to prevent conflict from
Nations peacekeeping ranks, including the relevant          arising and, if conflict emerges, resolutely commit to
provisions in all peacekeeping mandates. We call on         settling their differences by peaceful means. This is
the Security Council to use the tools at its disposal       an ethical imperative and an objective international
in a more systematic way, including the setting-up of       obligation under the Charter.
commissions of inquiry, individual targeted sanctions
                                                                The effective prevention of sexual violence in
and referrals to the International Criminal Court.
                                                            armed conflict also requires the strengthening of
    We must show iron-clad determination and political      national institutions and capabilities so that States can
will to stamp out impunity for sexual crimes as a tool of   lead in designing and implementing comprehensive
war. Statesmen, political and religious leaders, women’s    domestic strategies in this domain. The international
groups, community elders and human rights defenders         community’s duty is to provide adequate support to
must join forces to generate global consensus on the        local authorities, when requested, and cooperate with
need to end impunity and pursue accountability at all       national efforts in areas such as awareness-raising,
levels. By doing so, we shall give restore the voices of    education campaigns, reconciliation and early-warning
the victims of sexual violence in conflict and create a     systems.
powerful deterrent for all those who may be tempted to
                                                                Furthermore, through peacekeeping operations and
resort to sexual crimes as a tactic of war.
                                                            special political missions, the United Nations can play
                                                            an important preventive role. To that end, Member States


30                                                                                                           13-37153

                                                                                                             S/PV.6984


must ensure that sufficient resources are allocated to           The President: I now give the floor to the
activities in this area in the United Nations budget. We     representative of Portugal.
must also adequately train our peacekeepers in women,
                                                                 Mr. Moura (Portugal): I would like to thank
peace and security issues. The Secretariat and missions
                                                             you, Sir, for convening this open debate. I would also
throughout the world must continue to improve
                                                             like to thank the Secretary-General and his Special
prevention tools. In this regard, Brazil is pleased at
                                                             Representative Zainab Bangura for their remarks.
the progress made on the monitoring, analysis and
                                                             I commend all Council members for the adoption by
reporting arrangements.
                                                             consensus of resolution 2106 (2013) today, which
     In our prevention efforts, the interlinkage between     Portugal has co-sponsored and which will help us to
security, development and sustainable peace must not         further implement our common fight agains sexual
be overlooked. Prevention can greatly benefit from           violence.
women’s empowerment and gender equality, which in
                                                                 Portugal obviously shares the views that will be
many cases depend on social inclusion and economic
                                                             expressed by the observer of the European Union,
opportunity. Adequately responding to the needs of
                                                             but allow me to underline some aspects of particular
women in areas such as education, employment and
                                                             significance to my country.
health services helps create favourable preconditions
for their long-term protection.                                  In recent years, Security Council resolutions have
                                                             recognized sexual violence as a tactic of war and its
    The consistent prosecution of sexual crimes is
                                                             potential to undermine peace and security. We need to
a strong deterrent to future incidents. The United
                                                             recognize that much has been accomplished since 2010.
Nations is in a unique position to cooperate with
                                                             Monitoring, analysis and reporting arrangements have
national authorities, as appropriate, in strengthening
                                                             been established in a number of conflict or post-conflict
national justice systems. Brazil welcomes the work of
                                                             situations to collect more consistent information on
Ms. Bangura’s office in this area, as well as the valuable
                                                             conflict related sexual violence. A list of parties to
role that the United Nations Team of Experts on the
                                                             conflicts that are credibly suspected of committing
Rule of Law and Sexual Violence in Conflict can play.
                                                             sexual violence on a repeated basis has been set up.
    National Governments should also focus on seeking        A dialogue with those parties has been established
to improve services for victims. Authorities and             by the Special Representative of the Secretarysocieties must be ready to provide the critical health,      General to obtain protection commitments and the
psychosocial, legal and other support needed by women        United Nations Team of Experts on the Rule of Law
and girls who have been subject to the horrors of sexual     and Sexual Violence in Conflict has been formed to
violence in conflict situations.                             assist national authorities to reinforce judicial systems.
                                                             Last but not least, the Council has adopted sanctions
     Brazil is seeking to do its part. Our Ministry of
                                                             against perpetrators that have been identified or that
Defence has signed a letter of intent with UN-Women
                                                             are credibly suspected of having committed sexual
to deepen our cooperation regarding the training of
                                                             violence in situations of armed conflict on its agenda.
peacekeepers on gender issues and the promotion of
South-South cooperation on this subject. In Haiti,               Portugal values those significant achievements
we have been helping to build local capacity to deal         because there is no real security without women’s
with victims of gender-based violence in areas such as       security. The achievements will increasingly make
health, justice and security. In the Democratic Republic     sexual violence a liability for armed groups by
of the Congo, more than 400 victims of sexual violence       exposing their leaders to international scrutiny and
have benefited from the Brazilian contribution to the        pressure. Another accomplishment that we value is
United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights.           the knowledge that has been developed on the issue
                                                             in the past three years by the office of the Special
    The international community must continue
                                                             Representative of the Secretary-General. The different
to work together to translate the increasing global
                                                             dimensions of the problem are now better understood,
awareness of the scourge of sexual violence in conflict
                                                             and by better understanding the problem, the
into actual improvement of the security of women in
                                                             international community will be in a better position to
armed conflict. Brazil remains committed to this cause.
                                                             fight it efficiently.



13-3715331

S/PV.6984


     Portugal recognizes that, while the Council has         and experience. By empowering women and upholding
been quite successful in discharging its responsibilities,   women’s rights, we will also fight sexual violence more
much more can be done to reinforce the effectiveness of      efficiently.
our common fight against sexual violence. We strongly
                                                                  Women are often — intentionally or by a lack of
support, in that regard, the five-point priority agenda
                                                             security structures — placed at risk. It is striking that
carried out by Special Representative Zainab Bangura:
                                                             sexual violence has been absent so often from peace
ending impunity, empowering women, mobilizing
                                                             talks and peace agreements, including those that have
political leadership, increasing recognition of rape as a
                                                             followed conflicts where sexual violence was a major
tactic and consequence of conflict and ensuring a more
                                                             feature of the fighting. The Security Council and the
coherent response from the United Nations system.
                                                             United Nations can, in general, play an important
Those five elements represent fundamental goals that
                                                             role in changing that situation. Sexual violence needs
are complementary and mutually reinforcing.
                                                             to be included in the definition of acts prohibited
    We should start to work towards the effectiveness        by ceasefires, and needs to be reflected in specific
of our fight against sexual violence by making full          provisions of peace agreements related to security
use of the existing tools — for instance, by ensuring        arrangements and transitional justice.
the deployment in relevant peacekeeping operations
                                                                  In past years, some notable actions have been taken
of women’s protection advisers, who will strengthen
                                                             to combat impunity at national and international levels.
the prevention and the response to sexual violence.
                                                             Governments have prosecuted senior officers of their
Many challenges have delayed the deployment of those
                                                             armed forces for crimes of sexual violence, and leaders
advisers, even when specifically requested by the
                                                             of parties to armed conflict have been arrested and
Council. That should not be acceptable. Constraints
                                                             transferred to the International Criminal Court (ICC).
in the establishment of peacekeeping missions should
                                                             Subsequent verdicts of the Special Court for Sierra
not be at the expense of women’s protection advisers,
                                                             Leone and the ICC constitute important landmarks of
especially if sexual violence has been identified as a
                                                             international justice and demonstrate that accountability
major concern in a conflict or post-conflict situation.
                                                             for sexual violence is possible. They send a clear signal
    Anther promising tool at the disposal of Member          to many parties to armed conflict throughout the world
States that could be further engaged is the Team of          that impunity is unacceptable. But they also send a
Experts on the Rule of Law and Sexual Violence in            powerful signal to the victims of sexual violence that
Conflict. The lack of capacity at the national level to      no political or military leader is above the law. That
investigate and prosecute sexual violence remains the        fundamental political message needs to be constantly
main obstacle to ensuring accountability, and leads to       emphasized by the United Nations, and by the Security
the prevalence of impunity. It is, therefore, extremely      Council, in particular.
encouraging that a number of countries have already
                                                                 I conclude this intervention with a word for the
requested technical cooperation from the Team to
                                                             victims and the survivors of sexual violence. There
respond promptly and effectively to conflict-related
                                                             is a need for recognition and reparation. There is a
sexual violence and to strengthen the capacity of
                                                             crucial need to extend affordable and accessible health
their national rule of law and justice actors. Portugal
                                                             services to survivors. Our aim is, certainly, to bring
commends the three United Nations entities — the
                                                             the perpetrators of sexual violence to justice; but also
Department of Peacekeeping Operations, the Office
                                                             to bring justice and adequate care to the survivors and
of the High Commissioner for Human Rights and
                                                             victims of such hideous crimes.
the United Nations Development Programme — for
their work in providing assistance in preventing and             The President: I now give the floor to the
addressing that form of violence.                            representative of Belgium.
    Urgent action in another dimension of the broader            Ms. Frankinet (Belgium) (spoke in French): I
women, peace and security agenda will also have a            thank Minister Hague for his focus on inscribing the
positive impact on our common fight against sexual           prevention of sexual violence on the international
violence. Indeed, the full and effective participation       agenda. The statement recently adopted by the Group
of women in formal peace processes will allow                of Eight (G-8), the Minister’s visit to the Great Lakes
peacemakers to benefit fully from their knowledge            region and the decision to hold a debate of the Security


32                                                                                                           13-37153

                                                                                                           S/PV.6984


Council on the issue are all extremely useful initiatives    the implementation of the agreement must be constantly
in the context of the international campaign against         monitored.
sexual violence in conflict.
                                                                 Secondly, the International Criminal Court is
    I also thank the Secretary-General for his report        complementary to national criminal courts. The broad
(S/2013/149) and for his briefing this morning. The          definition of sexual violence in the Rome Statute should
recommendations in his report are included in resolution     be applied in this context. We invite those countries
2106 (2013), which the Council has adopted today.            that have not yet done so to ratify the Statute without
Belgium welcomes the comprehensive operational               further delay.
framework outlined in the resolution to fight sexual
                                                                 Thirdly, I would also like to thank the Team of
violence in conflict, and is proud to co-sponsor the text.
                                                             Experts on the Rule of Law and Sexual Violence in
    My thanks also go to the Special Representative of       Conflict for its determined and courageous actions.
the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict,        We also attach great importance to the activities of
Ms. Bangura, for her unwavering commitment.                  the intergovernmental organization Justice Rapid
In clearly emphasizing the importance of national            Response, which specializes in the deployment of
leadership, she has successfully negotiated specific         the panels of experts where sexual violence has been
commitments with the Governments of the Central              committed. Belgium supports all efforts to build the
African Republic, the Democratic Republic of the             capacities of national actors and all initiatives to aid
Congo, Guinea and Somalia.                                   the victims.
     As the Special Representative is aware, my country          Fourthly, Belgium would also like to recall that any
has always been a strong advocate of resolution 1325         sexual violence is a serious violation of human rights.
(2000) on women and peace and security; she also             In that context, everything must be done to ensure that
knows how wholeheartedly Belgium supports her                victims have access to all necessary services from
mandate and her action plan. I note that my country is       multiple sectors.
currently finalizing its second national action plan for
                                                                 The President: I now give the floor to the
the implementation of resolution 1325 (2000), covering
                                                             representative of Mexico.
the period 2013-2016.
                                                                 Mrs. Morgan (Mexico) (spoke in Spanish): I thank
    My delegation associates itself with the statement
                                                             the delegation of the United Kingdom for bringing
to be made by the observer of the European Union.
                                                             this important matter to the attention of the Security
I shall therefore limit my remarks to four points of
                                                             Council. Also allow me to express our gratitude to the
particular importance for Belgium.
                                                             Secretary-General and to his Special Representative on
    First, conflict-related sexual violence can amount       Sexual Violence in Conflict, Ms. Zainab Bangura, for
to crimes against humanity and war crimes. Such              their briefings. My country welcomes the adoption today
violations of international law are imprescriptible and      of resolution 2106 (2013), which sends a resounding
perpetrators incur heavy penalties. During Minister          message concerning the fight against impunity and
Hague’s visit to the Great Lakes region, he saw for          the need to focus our efforts on the prosecution of that
himself how the lives of women and children continue         crime as a fundamental aspect of prevention.
to be destroyed every day by such crimes. We remain
                                                                  My country deplores and condemns the recent,
convinced that national courts must remain the locus
                                                             numerous cases of sexual violence recorded by the
of prosecution of perpetrators of serious international
                                                             Secretary-General in his current report (S/2013/149).
crimes, such as sexual violence. In that context, it is
                                                             Mexico recognizes that the perpetration of acts of
important to strengthen the judicial systems of those
                                                             sexual violence in a post-conflict society impedes
countries in order to allow trials to take place in the
                                                             the restoration of peace and the security of the
best possible conditions. The Special Representative
                                                             population, as well as the establishment of solid
has announced the important signing by the Congolese
                                                             governmental institutions. The support of the agencies
authorities of an agreement in principle to fight against
                                                             of the Organization and of regional organizations
sexual violence. In the light of recent human rights
                                                             are fundamental elements in eradicating the social,
violations in the region, we nevertheless believe that
                                                             cultural, economic and political dynamics that give rise
                                                             to this these types of acts.


13-3715333

S/PV.6984


    Mexico commends the efforts and actions of the               This fall will mark 13 years since the Security
United Nations, its agencies and the Governments             Council adopted resolution 1325 (2000) and three
of States in conflict. However, much remains to              years since it adopted resolution 1960 (2010). Those
be done in order to ensure full access for victims to        resolutions reflect the international community’s
systems of justice and reparation and to ensure that         desire to advance gender equality and denounce sexual
the perpetrators of the acts are brought before the          violence in conflict. While those aspirations are the
corresponding tribunals. To that end, it is fundamental      subject of frequent discussions and debates within these
that States provide the necessary training and skills        halls, on the ground — where it really counts — women
for armed and security forces in order to combat the         continue to be marginalized and victimized. Around
perpetration of those crimes. Of equal importance is         the world, at least one woman in every three has
the training of magistrates and other agents of justice      been beaten, coerced into sex or otherwise abused in
in order to ensure effective, independent and impartial      her lifetime. International resolve must be met with
judicial systems that are well versed in that area.          concrete action.
    International criminal justice and mixed tribunals           We cannot hope to tackle the issue of sexual
are undoubtedly an indispensable complement to               violence in conflict while even in times of peace women
those efforts. Mexico welcomes the progress that has         are victims of gender bias and discrimination. The first
been made in the implementation of the International         step is to address the significant gaps that exist in many
Residual Mechanism for Criminal Tribunals.                   countries’ legal systems. Violence against women takes
                                                             root in cultures of discrimination that relegate women
    The Security Council must continue to use all
                                                             to second-class citizens and deny them the political,
resources at its disposal in targeting the perpetrators
                                                             legal and economic rights that men enjoy.
of acts of sexual violence through the adoption of
selective and phased measures through its sanctions              Israel believes that women’s rights are integral to
committees, the ad hoc and mixed tribunals, and the          building a just society in which all citizens live free
special chambers of national tribunals.                      of violence and their human rights are respected and
                                                             protected. Israel is proud to sponsor resolution 2106
     Mexico emphasizes the relevance and usefulness of
                                                             (2013) as we have with all previous resolutions on
the International Criminal Court and its complementary
                                                             women and peace and security.
competency in order to investigate and prosecute the
perpetrators of international crimes, including the war           It is the legal and moral obligation of all States to
crime of sexual violence. We encourage those States that     protect women and girls from sexual violence. There
have not yet done so to accede to the Rome Statute as        must be a system of law and justice that leaves no doubt
soon as possible in order to achieve the universalization    that sexual intimidation and violence aimed at women
of that important instrument. We encourage States to         is inexcusable. In the Middle East, many legal systems
cooperate so that the Court is able to effectively fulfil    do not meet basic international standards when it comes
the mandate for which it was established.                    to protecting women. In some instances, marital rape
                                                             is not regarded as a criminal offence, and there are
     Allow me to conclude by reiterating that Mexico
                                                             no procedures in place to deal with cases of domestic
is convinced that there can be no lasting peace without
                                                             sexual abuse.
justice and that there is no room for amnesty for
international crimes, such as that of sexual violence in          In certain States, thousands of women are victims
conflicts.                                                   of so-called honour killings. Owing to weak and
                                                             indifferent justice systems, perpetrators who claim to
    The President: I now give the floor to the
                                                             have preserved family honour are rarely prosecuted,
representative of Israel.
                                                             or if they are, they receive light sentences. In those
    Mr. Waxman (Israel): Let me begin by thanking            instances, women are victimized twice — first by the
you, Sir, for convening this important debate. It brings     perpetrator of the crime and then by an indifferent
much needed awareness and attention to an important          justice system. Often, rape survivors are forced to
subject. I would also like to recognize the excellent work   marry their rapists, and there are countless examples
done by the Special Representative of the Secretary-         in which women and girls have been imprisoned for
General on Sexual Violence in Conflict, Ms. Bangura,         so-called moral crimes.
and her team.


34                                                                                                           13-37153

                                                                                                            S/PV.6984


     In Syria, under Bashar Al-Assad’s brutal regime,       these ongoing crimes. Japan is committed to holding
the death toll has surpassed 93,000, and more than          perpetrators to account and to supporting victims.
one-third of the population requires humanitarian
                                                                 First, in order to prevent sexual violence, we need
assistance. The Syrian army and its State-sponsored
                                                            to raise the cost to perpetrators and end the culture
militia, known as the Shabbiha, have employed sexual
                                                            of impunity. In this regard, it is essential that we
violence as devastating weapons in a ruthless campaign
                                                            support national Governments in meeting their own
of intimidation. As described in the Secretary-General’s
                                                            challenges in terms of justice and accountability, and
report on sexual violence in conflict of March 2013
                                                            that we strengthen international justice mechanisms.
(S/2013/149), Syrian forces have committed rape,
                                                            With regard to the former, Japan is helping national
torture and other inhumane acts that constitute war
                                                            Governments to develop their legal systems and
crimes. Approximately 1.5 million Syrian refugees
                                                            facilitate security sector reform. With regard to the
have fled their homes. Thousands of women and
                                                            latter, Japan attaches great importance to the role of the
children who escaped sexual violence in Syria now live
                                                            International Criminal Court (ICC). Japan, as a leading
in constant fear of kidnapping, assault and rape inside
                                                            contributor to the ICC, believes that there is a need to
refugee camps.
                                                            further promote the Court’s universality, and expects
     As a family of nations, our responsibility to one      the dialogue and collaboration between the Security
another stems from our common humanity. Our moral           Council and the ICC to deepen.
imperative supersedes whatever politics, religion or
                                                                Furthermore, the effective investigation and
geography may divide us. There can be zero tolerance
                                                            documentation of crimes of sexual violence are
for sexual violence. We must tirelessly persist until the
                                                            instrumental in bringing perpetrators to justice. To that
day when women are the agents of peace rather than the
                                                            end, developing the capacity of national Governments
victims of war.
                                                            to investigate crimes and raising awareness of and
    The President: I now give the floor to the              sensitivity to sexual violence are both essential. In
representative of Japan.                                    that regard, Japan believes that providing standard
                                                            guidelines would be useful, and therefore supports
    Mr. Nishida (Japan): At the outset, I would like to
                                                            the development of an international protocol on the
thank the Right Honourable William Hague, Secretary
                                                            investigation and documentation of sexual violence in
of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs of the
                                                            conflict.
United Kingdom, for holding this very important debate.
Japan appreciates the United Kingdom’s initiative on             Secondly, we also recognize the importance of
preventing sexual violence in conflict, including the       providing relief to the victims of sexual violence. Japan
Group of Eight (G-8) process.                               is committed to ensuring that multi-sectoral assistance
                                                            and services are provided to victims. In this connection,
    I also would like to thank the Secretary-General
                                                            we would like to mention that, in April of this year,
and his Special Representative on Sexual Violence in
                                                            Mr. Motoo Noguchi, a former judge in the Supreme
Conflict for their respective briefings. I would also
                                                            Court Chamber of the Extraordinary Chambers in the
like to thank and welcome the participation of the
                                                            Court of Cambodia, was elected Chair of the Board of
representatives from civil society.
                                                            Directors of the Trust Fund for Victims.
    Japan welcomes today’s adoption of resolution
                                                                 Thirdly, Japan recently made a contribution
2106 (2013), which further strengthens the framework
                                                            of $1 million to the United Nations Trust Fund to
established by the previous relevant resolutions and
                                                            End Violence against Women, which is managed by
contains critical operational guidance. As described in
                                                            UN-Women. We are also currently taking part in efforts
the historic Declaration on Preventing Sexual Violence
                                                            to raise awareness of the Fund, and to expand its donor
in Conflict adopted at the Group of Eight Summit, held
                                                            base, including private sector donors.
in London on 11 April — the early implementation
of which was encouraged by the G-8 leaders last                  In closing, Japan reiterates its full support for
week — despite various efforts, sexual violence in          the mandate of Special Representative Bangura and
conflict continues to occur in the twenty-first century,    commends her proactive engagements. We would also
and we share the view that more must be done to address     like to underline the important role played by the Team
                                                            of Experts on the Rule of Law and Sexual Violence in


13-3715335

S/PV.6984


Conflictin fostering national ownership, leadership         was recently stressed at the Group of Eight meeting in
and responsibility in addressing sexual violence. Japan     the United Kingdom. Regional justice mechanisms and
strongly supports their efforts and will cooperate          the International Criminal Court (ICC) can also play an
closely with them.                                          important role. We also welcome the work of the Team
                                                            of Experts on the Rule of Law and Sexual Violence in
    The President: I now give the floor to the
                                                            Conflict in Special Representative of the Secretaryrepresentative of Germany.
                                                            General Bangura’s Office in this regard.
    Mr. Berger (Germany): I thank Great Britain for
                                                                The German Centre for International Peace
organizing this debate and Secretary Hague in particular
                                                            Operations offers special pre-deployment courses on
for his personal commitment. I also congratulate the
                                                            establishing the rule of law, which emphasize the need
United States on having so ably negotiated resolution
                                                            to prosecute sexual violence and raise awareness for
2106 (2013) adopted today.
                                                            gender-based violence.
    We also thank the Secretary-General and his
                                                                 Thirdly, appropriate medical and psychosocial
Special Representative Zainab Bangura and commend
                                                            support for survivors of sexual violence, including
them for their leadership, as well as today’s briefers.
                                                            access to sexual reproductive health services, as well
    Germany aligns itself with the statement delivered      as access to justice and reparations, are fundamental
by the observer of the European Union.                      prerequisites for the effective reintegration of women
                                                            into their respective societies. Germany has, for
     We welcome the focus of today’s debate on
                                                            example, funded several medical counseling centres
addressing accountability and the fight against
                                                            in Congo, where women can receive medical and
impunity. Let me be clear — our ultimate goal has to
                                                            psychological support, as well as emergency HIV postbe, first and foremost, the prevention of sexual violence
                                                            exposure prophylaxis. We also support transitional
in conflict. In cases where acts of sexual violence have
                                                            justice mechanisms, such as truth and reconciliation
already occurred, it is indispensable that perpetrators
                                                            committees, and dialogue between these and women’s
be immediately brought to justice and survivors receive
                                                            rights organizations.
adequate support and redress. Only effective criminal
prosecution during and after conflict will lead to an           Lastly, our full support is needed by those who
equally effective prevention system that can help to        are essential to the fight against the scourge of sexual
create long-term peace.                                     violence, such as human rights defenders, doctors and
                                                            journalists, who are themselves at special risk.
    Let me stress some important points and provide
some practical examples. First, it cannot be stressed            Let me end by stressing that the Security Council
enough that part of any effective prevention of sexual      has a role to play in monitoring the commitments made
violence is the equal involvement of women. Not only        by parties to conflicts. In this regard, it can and should do
the consideration of their special needs, but also their    more to hold perpetrators accountable. Without having
participation in all stages of decision-making processes    to create a new mechanism, it could already make use
are essential. This also applies to programmes such         of the tools at hand, for example by reacting to cases
as disarmament, demobilization and reintegration,           of sexual violence in a certain country with Security
security sector reform and transitional justice. In this    Council press statements, by writing specific letters to
regard, Germany has supported, inter alia, a regional       concerned Governments or by referring specific cases
project in the Horn of Africa to empower women by           more frequently to the Sanctions Committees and, as a
helping them to gain access to political and economical     last resort, to the ICC.
decision-making processes.
                                                                The President: I now give the floor to the
    Secondly, when sexual violence constitutes a crime      representative of New Zealand.
against humanity, a war crime or even genocide, it has
                                                                Mr. McLay (New Zealand): New Zealand
to be subject to punishment and has to be excluded from
                                                            welcomes the presence of Foreign Secretary Hague,
amnesty provisions. Whenever States are not willing
                                                            and the attention paid to this important issue by the
or capable to fulfil their responsibility to prosecute
                                                            Group of Eight and the United Kingdom in particular.
perpetrators accordingly, the international community
                                                            We also welcome the presence of the Secretary-General
must react in order to prevent a culture of impunity, as
                                                            and Special Representative Bangura, who has been a


36                                                                                                             13-37153

                                                                                                            S/PV.6984


fearless advocate on sexual violence in conflict. We         and public statements from the Council give voice to
applaud the passion that they and many others have           the international community’s abhorrence for sexual
brought to this discussion.                                  violence and send a very strong signal that it will not
                                                             be tolerated. But words alone are not enough, and, in
     As my delegation said in the April debate on sexual
                                                             appropriate circumstances, where national authorities
violence in conflict during the Rwandan presidency
                                                             are unwilling or unable to act, the Council should
(see S/PV.6948), it is vitally important that the Council
                                                             consider referrals to the International Criminal Court.
send a clear message on the issue of sexual violence
                                                             Similarly, the Council should also consider the use of
to the entire international community and that it does
                                                             mixed tribunals and truth and reconciliation processes,
so through, inter alia, the strong statements made in
                                                             and any judicial measures should be clearly victimdebates like this. We welcome the United Kingdom’s
                                                             focused.
concept note (S/2013/335, annex) and the Secretary-General’s most recent report on sexual violence in               We also encourage the Council to include this topic
conflict (S/2013/149), both of which correctly highlight     in its annual consultations with the African Union’s
that national Governments have primary legal and moral       Peace and Security Council. The perspectives and
responsibility for the protection of civilian populations,   expertise of regional organizations are valuable in
including from sexual violence in conflict.                  developing comprehensive strategies for addressing
                                                             accountability for sexual violence in conflict.
    Indeed, as the Secretary-General’s report identifies,
the lack at the national level of capacity to investigate        We also highlight the important role that
and prosecute is one of the principal impediments to         non-governmental organizations and civil society
ensuring accountability for conflict-related sexual          groups can play in drawing attention to some of the
violence. We agree with Portugal and others that the         worst abuses, and their related role as an important part
United Nations, across its relevant divisions such as the    of the accountability landscape — sometimes, as the
Department of Peacekeeping Operations, the United            representative of Germany has pointed out, by putting
Nations Development Programme and the Office of the          themselves at considerable special risk.
United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, must
                                                                 New Zealand welcomes the Council’s consideration
continue its efforts to focus on supporting national
                                                             of this specific aspect of the women, peace and
efforts.
                                                             security agenda, and we urge that it give consideration
    We have received excellent information and               to the specific issues we have raised and that it also
recommendations from today’s briefers and from               remain seized of the wider agenda, including women’s
Member State interventions, often, as I have said, with      participation in political processes.
considerable passion. Against that background, I wish
                                                                 The President: I now give the floor to the
to make a few specific points.
                                                             representative of Jordan.
    The Team of Experts on the Rule of Law and
                                                                  Prince Zeid Ra’ad Zeid Al-Hussein (Jordan):
Sexual Violence in Conflict provides important
                                                             We join other delegations in commending the United
technical assistance to national authorities attempting
                                                             Kingdom for its outstanding, persistent and welcomed
to bolster national civil and military justice systems.
                                                             championing of this critical issue. We welcome the
Building national capacity remains one of the best and
                                                             Foreign Secretary to New York, and we are also grateful
most comprehensive ways to address sexual violence
                                                             to the Secretary-General and to Special Representative
in conflict, so we very strongly support the assistance
                                                             of the Secretary-General Zainab Bangura for their
regarding national capacities being provided to various
                                                             comments and insights this morning.
Governments by the Team of Experts. Indeed, to
underscore its importance, we encourage continued                I will not delve into the scope of the mandate
further reference to the work of the Team of Experts in      of Special Representative of the Secretary-General
relevant Council outputs.                                    Bangura, a United Nations official whom we admire
                                                             greatly and support, nor even speak of the very
    Next, accountability for sexual violence does
                                                             necessary role of the International Criminal Court,
not lend itself to a one-size-fits-all approach.
                                                             which, for us, is a logical given. What I hope to do in
The Council must be agile, inclusive and open to
                                                             the next few minutes is pose a most basic question and
considering alternative courses of action. Presidential
                                                             make three broad suggestions.


13-3715337

S/PV.6984


     I begin by asking this: do we, as a collective          I would never disgrace their efforts. I know only too
membership, bound together in this Organization and by       well and first-hand what they do and can endure. But I
its Charter, have the credibility to offer strong opinions   also know that we have long treated those individuals
on this subject matter? Do we have the credibility when      who dare commit sexual abuses too lightly. Indeed,
together we have all refused to undertake the complete       while it is they who in the end disgrace United Nations
range of actions necessary to ensure that sexual abuse       peacekeeping, we on occasion also contribute to it
and exploitation by our own peacekeepers, United             by our clear indifference. I hope that this debate will
Nations peacekeepers, be reduced to zero?                    restart this discussion.
    Can we not be accused by others of brazen hypocrisy           So what must we do regarding United Nations
when we condemn in this Chamber all expressions of           peacekeeping? We must adopt the convention on
conflict-related sexual violence committed against           criminal accountability as soon as possible; we must
women, girls and boys, and speak of them as unjust           make the United Nations a co-examiner of the facts,
and intolerable — and we have done this for 13 years         even when the allegations involve United Nations
now — and then down the hall, only a few metres from         military personnel. We must be more transparent
here, in the Sixth Committee, we do next to nothing,         regarding the severity and nature of the crimes being
year in and year out, on the draft convention on criminal    committed by United Nations peacekeepers. We must
accountability of United Nations officials and experts       do better on matters relating to paternity. In situ courton mission, a draft which has been on the agenda of the      martials for military offenders must be the rule and not
Sixth Committee since 2007.                                  the exception for sexual offences, and we must consider
                                                             again the proposal that all United Nations personnel
     Do we have any credibility when we insist that the
                                                             destined for field service submit a sample of their
United Nations has no business in relation to the conduct
                                                             DNA to the United Nations before they embark, both
of investigations into alleged crimes committed by our
                                                             to serve as a deterrent to the commission of crimes and
own United Nations uniformed peacekeepers, knowing
                                                             also for the sake of possible subsequent investigations,
that in the past we, the Member States, were not reliable
                                                             including establishing paternity. And, lastly, we, the
enough in guaranteeing that justice was done in respect
                                                             Member States, need to report to the UN clearly and
of the victims?
                                                             at the earliest possible time, what judicial steps were
      Are we credible when in 2012, the last Office of       undertaken by our authorities with respect to the
Internal Oversight Services reporting period, we still       alleged crimes.
had 42 cases of sexual exploitation and abuse involving
                                                                 Beyond United Nations peacekeeping, what else
United Nations peacekeepers being investigated by that
                                                             should the United Nations do to assist societies or
Office? By now, some seven years after we identified
                                                             countries in war, or emerging from war, to address
both the challenge and the plan needed to eliminate
                                                             sexual violence and end impunity?
this odious phenomenon, there should be practically
no cases at all. I do not wish to be misunderstood: if           The United Nations, in our opinion, requires a single
we had done everything we should have done over the          vehicle for the delivery of judicial and legal advice.
past seven years to ensure the total elimination of this     My delegation has been saying this for many years
abominable practice by our own peacekeepers, and             now. So crucial is a functioning, credible judiciary to
they still occurred, then we could accept that there is      every State’s existence, it is remarkable that, 68 years
little more we can do. But we, as Member States, have        after the founding of the United Nations, while we
not done everything, and so we cannot make that claim.       have single-purpose departments and agencies for
                                                             almost everything, we do not have one for this: only
    The United Nations is required to set an example
                                                             a hodge-podge of rule-of-law offices, representatives,
before our publics as an Organization that will without
                                                             units and experts scattered throughout the Secretariat
question pay special attention to the most vulnerable
                                                             and specialized agencies.
and defenceless protected persons in war, with, first,
a guaranteed protection provided by ourselves, from              It would be like having a major modern hospital
ourselves and then from others. My intention here is         containing wings dedicated to every known
not to cast doubt on or belittle the outstanding service     medical specialty and sub-specialty, but with no
and contributions of United Nations peacekeepers. As         division dedicated to cardiology or cardiovascular
a former peacekeeper myself, I would never do that;          surgery — only a few cardiologists scattered throughout


38                                                                                                           13-37153

                                                                                                              S/PV.6984


the hospital — because somehow we thought the heart          is particularly pertinent in that it specifically addresses
did not merit it. What we have is simply insufficient.       the issue of impunity as one of the key components in
                                                             the fight against sexual violence in conflict. Combating
     The United Nations needs a service, a full-fledged
                                                             impunity must be addressed with a comprehensive
department that, on request, can advise Member
                                                             approach that promotes an education system that
States that seek to upgrade or reform their judiciary
                                                             promotes the dignity and equality of men and women, a
or prosecution services or wish to improve their penal
                                                             social system that condemns sexual violence and a legal
codes. United Nations missions of every variety would
                                                             mechanism aimed at ensuring the protection of victims
also require its services. If we are to be serious about
                                                             and the punishment of perpetrators.
ending impunity for sexual crimes in the context of war,
that is what we need. Teams of experts are a good start          There are two key instruments in the fight
where the action of the Security Council is concerned        against impunity for crimes of sexual violence in
but fall woefully short of what is required, and I myself    conflict — legal codes and training. An adequate legal
have seen this in United Nations field operations.           code ensures that the necessary legal tools are in place
                                                             in order to bring perpetrators to justice. I reiterate
    Secondly, we must support all and every effort
                                                             Spain’s support for the conclusions of the fifty-seventh
aimed at the creation of an international repository for
                                                             session of the Commission on the Status of Women,
evidence — a complicated business, we know, owing to
                                                             which highlighted the inclusion of crimes of sexual
concerns relating to contamination and admissibility.
                                                             violence in the Rome Statute of the International
Nevertheless, we must try to set it up. We would then
                                                             Criminal Court and the fact that the ad hoc international
be in a position to better assist national jurisdictions
                                                             criminal tribunals recognize rape and other forms of
that are incapable of or unwilling to prosecute during
                                                             sexual violence as possible war crimes, crimes against
conflict, but would in some cases be better able to do so
                                                             humanity or acts of genocide or torture.
post-conflict. Such a facility could also be of service to
the International Criminal Court.                                The most recent reform of Spain’s military code
                                                             of conduct includes the obligation to provide specific
     Finally, while my delegation believes that it is of
                                                             protection to women and children against rape, enforced
course necessary to focus on women, girls and boys as
                                                             prostitution, humiliating and degrading treatment or
the obvious victims of sexual violence in the context of
                                                             any other form of exploitation or sexual assault within
war, there is an unfortunate aspect to that view, which
                                                             the context of armed conflict.
is that we give the impression that only the young count.
In all conflicts, in our experience, it is the elderly,          Regarding training, we must realize that in a postwomen and men, who are often the most vulnerable             conflict scenario, where legal systems are broken, it is
to the horrors of war, simply because their immobility       essential that the reconstruction of national capacities
in many cases means they cannot flee. Elderly women          includes specific training on cultures of impunity. Spain
can therefore be, and often are, more easily assaulted       has therefore given support to specific programmes
sexually and then murdered, than younger women.              in that area through the United Nations Development
Without, of course, taking our eyes off the young, we        Programme (UNDP)/Spain Millennium Development
should all also pay more attention to the elderly and        Goals Achievement Fund. To cite but two examples,
disabled in war than we have done thus far.                  in South Sudan efforts have been focused primarily
                                                             on educating and raising awareness in indigenous
    The President: I wish once again to remind all
                                                             communities on gender equality, while in Colombia
speakers to limit their statements to no more than four
                                                             the programme has involved training women in human
minutes.
                                                             rights and violence prevention so that they can later
    I now give the floor to the representative of Spain.     replicate such teaching in their communities.
    Mr. Arias (Spain) (spoke in Spanish): Sexual                 Since combating impunity should be specifically
violence in conflict is a phenomenon that should             included in humanitarian and development programmes,
receive more and urgent attention, and Spain welcomes        the Spanish Humanitarian Aid Office has drafted a
every effort of the international community to continue      guide to addressing sexual violence in humanitarian
working to combat this scourge more effectively. We          interventions. Legal codification and training are
also welcome the Council’s adoption this morning of          indispensable in the fight against impunity, but beyond
resolution 2106 (2013), of which Spain was a sponsor. It     that there is a need for clear political will in order to


13-3715339

S/PV.6984


see that perpetrators are prosecuted and to guarantee        would also like to make some additional remarks in my
legal and social protection for victims. Therein lies the    national capacity.
importance of including the subject of responsibility in
                                                                 The latest report of the Secretary-General
peace agreements and supporting the participation and
                                                             (S/2013/149) paints a grim picture. Women and girls
advancement of women in peacebuilding processes.
                                                             suffer from sexual violence in armed conflict. Victims
In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, through the
                                                             are often left alone and unprotected when pursuing
UNDP/Spain Fund I just mentioned, we have promoted
                                                             legal action, or are otherwise effectively denied access
the establishment of a number of assistance centres
                                                             to justice. Perpetrators benefit from a climate of
aimed at providing psycho-social support and training
                                                             impunity. It is essential that we address the problem
for women victims of acts of sexual violence, in order
                                                             comprehensively. In my own country, in the heart of
to facilitate their social and economic reintegration.
                                                             Europe, rape was used as a method of intimidation
     The commitment of States and international              and terror during the aggression to which we were
organizations to fighting impunity must be further           exposed at the beginning of the 1990s. Today, Croatia’s
strengthened through an ongoing debate within the            strong commitment to gender equality, domestically
international community, so as to create mechanisms          and internationally, is well established. Our work on
that can effectively prosecute any form of sexual violence   the agenda of women and peace and security is a key
in conflict. Spain will do its utmost to participate         priority, and we are ready to contribute.
actively in the various forums addressing the issue. At
                                                                 Croatia welcomes the Group of Eight (G-8)
the most recent session of the Human Rights Council
                                                             Declaration on Preventing Sexual Violence in Conflict,
in Geneva, Spain took part in both the interactive
                                                             announced at the ministerial meeting held in London in
dialogue based on the thematic report of the Special
                                                             April. It is an important signal from some of the world’s
Rapporteur on violence against women, its causes
                                                             most powerful countries that the G-8 is ready to take
and consequences (A/HRC/23/49), and in the panel on
                                                             a prominent role in preventing and combating sexual
women’s rights that took place in the same context.
                                                             violence in war and conflicts.
In both forums Spain emphasized the importance of
criminalization and deplored the deficiencies that                Women are often victims of armed conflict, but they
emerge when dealing with violence against women,             can also play a central role in preventing and resolving
due to a lack of specific training and education, and        violent conflicts, as actors in conflict resolution and
to the patriarchal and stereotypical patterns that hinder    peacebuilding. The continued high incidence of horrific
appropriate approaches to such cases, both in terms of       sexual violence against women and girls in conflicts
prosecution and investigation. Such debates must help        demands the international community’s attention as
raise awareness of the importance of firm condemnation       a human rights matter and as a question of ensuring
of such crimes and result in the Council’s renewed           respect for international humanitarian law. It is an issue
support for advancing the fight against impunity and         that bears directly on peace and security. The Council’s
maintaining a proactive stance to help reduce the            landmark resolution, 1325 (2000), is still not being
incidence of sexual violence in conflict and refer such      fully implemented.
cases to the International Criminal Court.
                                                                 It is clear that the use of rape and sexual violence
    Finally, the observer of the European Union will be      exacerbates conflicts and perpetuates them long after
delivering a statement that Spain naturally aligns itself    active hostilities are over. Such crimes inflict indelible
with and has actively contributed to.                        scars on individuals, families and societies that make
                                                             reconciliation and peacebuilding much more difficult.
    The President: I now give the floor to the
representative of Croatia.                                        A special effort is required to tackle the culture of
                                                             impunity head-on. We can no longer tolerate impunity
    Mr. Vilović (Croatia): I would like to thank the
                                                             for the worst acts of violence against women and girls,
United Kingdom presidency of the Security Council for
                                                             as set forth in the Rome Statute of the International
holding this important debate, and all the briefers for
                                                             Criminal Court. I wish to pay special tribute to all
their statements.
                                                             women and girl victims of the brutal violence in
    Croatia aligns itself with the statement to be           Syria. We must all join forces to end impunity for such
delivered by the observer of the European Union. I           crimes. The Statute of the International Criminal Court


40                                                                                                           13-37153

                                                                                                             S/PV.6984


explicitly states that rape and other forms of sexual           The President: I now give the floor to the
violence can be prosecuted as war crimes or crimes          representative of Estonia.
against humanity. Amnesties should not extend to
                                                                Mr. Kolga (Estonia): I would like to thank you,
crimes of sexual violence.
                                                            Mr. President, for organizing this open debate.
     We also underline the importance that all relevant
                                                                Estonia fully aligns itself with the statement
peacekeeping and peacebuilding operations properly
                                                            delivered by the observer of the European Union.
address the impact of conflict on women and girls, and
that the increased participation of women be encouraged.         The Security Council, through its resolutions, has
It is an approach that is reflected domestically            developed a robust framework to prevent and address
through our National Action Plan on Women, Peace            sexual violence in armed conflict. However, gender
and Security, which we launched in 2011. The plan is        crimes remain an enduring part of most armed conflicts.
Croatia’s blueprint for practical implementation of our     The leading role the United Kingdom is playing
obligations under resolution 1325 (2000).                   in international efforts to combat sexual violence
                                                            is therefore much needed and appreciated. I would
    We need much greater progress in ensuring the
                                                            also like to thank Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon,
adequate participation of women in peace talks. The
                                                            Ms. Bangura, Ms. Jolie and Ms. Anwar for their
inclusion of relevant issues in peace agreements is the
                                                            statements, and passionate and inspiring commitment
exception rather than the rule. Peace accords that fail
                                                            and dedication.
to include women in post-conflict governance often
neglect their access to economic opportunities, justice         Special Representative Bangura has repeatedly
and reparations. We need to have more women as lead         underlined that there is no way to end sexual violence
negotiators and ensure adequate gender expertise for        unless one ends impunity. Two weeks ago in the Human
peace processes.                                            Rights Council in Geneva, the Special Rapporteur
                                                            on Violence against Women, Ms. Rashida Manjoo,
     Clear guidance on how to operationalize the
                                                            underlined that States need to be held accountable not
protection of civilians mandate, including the protection
                                                            only for investigating all acts of violence against women,
of women and girls from sexual violence, is also needed
                                                            but also for failing to prevent such violence. In recent
for peacekeeping missions. We have the opportunity to
                                                            years, sexual violence and its threat have continued to
use United Nations expertise, including such human
                                                            be employed as a weapon of war. Armed conflicts have
rights mechanisms as the United Nations Special
                                                            made evident the need to protect civilians, especially
Rapporteur on Violence against Women. All Member
                                                            the most vulnerable groups of women and children.
States should ensure that the training of peacekeepers
includes training on resolution 1325 (2000).                     Estonia calls on States to take further political steps
                                                            to fulfil the promise of Security Council resolutions on
    Sexual violence is linked to the illicit extraction
                                                            ending sexual violence as a tactic of war, and also calls
of natural resources and leads to the displacement
                                                            on everyone to adhere to those tenets of international
of civilian populations. Armed groups use forced
                                                            humanitarian law that prohibit rape and other forms
marriages, rape and sexual slavery as tactics during
                                                            of sexual violence. As to the United Nations, the next
detentions or interrogation. The plight of children
                                                            important step would be the further implementation of
born of wartime rape, about which there is little or
                                                            monitoring, analysis and reporting arrangements on
no information available and therefore no meaningful
                                                            conflict-related sexual violence. We would also urge
programmatic intervention, is a matter of our deepest
                                                            the further deployment of women’s protection advisers
concern.
                                                            to the Security Council-mandated missions.
    Croatia welcomes the emphasis on the urgency
                                                                Despite the increasing international focus on sexual
of ensuring that sexual violence considerations are
                                                            violence in conflict, perpetrators of sexual violence are
explicitly and consistently reflected in peace processes,
                                                            rarely held accountable. The vigorous investigation and
ceasefires and peace agreements, and in all security
                                                            prosecution of perpetrators are, however, necessary to
sector reform and other processes in which the United
                                                            deter and halt such violence. We share the assessment
Nations is involved. In that regard, we commend the
                                                            of Special Representative Bangura that national
adoption of resolution 2106 (2013), which we are proud
                                                            ownership, leadership and responsibility in addressing
to have co-sponsored.


13-3715341

S/PV.6984


sexual violence are some of the most important aspects         victims a participatory role in its proceedings, and the
of the fight against sexual violence.                          Rome Statute contains a relatively broad reparations
                                                               provision. The Trust Fund for Victims established
     In a similar vein, in his report of March 2013 on
                                                               under the Rome Statute has been doing important
sexual violence in conflict (S/2013/149), the Secretarywork in countries where the court is conducting
General notes that national courts remain the principal
                                                               investigations to alleviate the suffering of victims.
venue for holding individuals accountable for crimes of
                                                               Among other activities, it is providing assistance to
sexual violence and that the national authorities should
                                                               the victims of rape and to children born as a result of
be supported in that regard. This is crucial, as the lack of
                                                               rape. In replenishing the Fund, Estonia has paid special
adequate national capacity and expertise to investigate
                                                               attention to the needs of victims of sexual violence, who
and prosecute acts of sexual violence remains one of the
                                                               are very often stigmatized by their own communities.
main impediments to ensuring accountability for gender
                                                               The trust fund is dependent on voluntary donations
crimes. To date, sexual violence in armed conflict has
                                                               in order to effectively fulfil its mandate, and Estonia
been prosecuted primarily at the international level
                                                               welcomes voluntary donations to the Fund.
through hybrid courts and international tribunals. These
tribunals do indeed play an important complimentary                The President: I now give the floor to the
role to national efforts.                                      representative of Turkey.
     The International Criminal Tribunals for the former            Mr. Eler (Turkey): I would like to thank the
Yugoslavia and Rwanda developed groundbreaking                 United Kingdom for convening this very important
international jurisprudence outlawing rape and sexual          debate. I also thank the Secretary-General, the Special
violence during war. Investigating and prosecuting             Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual
gender crimes has also been an integral part of the            Violence in Conflict, Ms. Bangura, the Special Envoy
investigative and prosecutorial strategy of the Special        of the High Commissioner, Ms. Jolie, and Ms. Anywar
Court for Sierra Leone. The Rome Statute, the founding         of the NGO Women’s Initiatives for Gender Justice for
treaty of the International Criminal Court (ICC), built        their insightful statements.
upon the recognition of sexual violence as a serious
                                                                    In the twenty-first century, sexual violence is,
international crime by the ad hoc tribunals and
                                                               sadly, still widespread, particularly in armed conflict,
expanded the scope of sexual violence-based crimes in
                                                               including its early stages and aftermath. Unfortunately,
international law. The Rome Statute specifies a greater
                                                               in conflicts, national judicial and security systems
number of sexual violence crimes than the statutes
                                                               are often characterized by incapacity, leading to a
of the ad hoc tribunals, and acknowledges that these
                                                               culture of impunity. Legal codes on sexual violence
crimes can be committed against men and women. It
                                                               do not exist or cannot be implemented. An absence of
is important that the Rome Statute’s gender sensitivity
                                                               efficient criminal procedures and institutional capacity
be translated into national prosecutions to make sure
                                                               is common. Even when laws and judicial and security
that national proceedings take into account the gender
                                                               institutions are in place, a selective application of laws
dimension of atrocity crimes to the same extent as the
                                                               and a lack of accountability often prevail. As a result,
Rome Statute does.
                                                               victims are discouraged from seeking civil remedies,
     The ICC has also proven itself to be sensitive to         and a culture of impunity prevails.
gender crimes in practice. The Prosecutor gives priority
                                                                    To address this problem, comprehensive solutions
to sexual and gender-based crimes from the outset of its
                                                               should be sought by both ensuring the supremacy of
preliminary investigations. Charges for gender-based
                                                               the rule of law and by building judicial and security
crimes have so far been brought in cases arising from
                                                               institutions. Gaps in legislation and implementation
six of the eight situations. Estonia joins the Secretarymust be addressed. Criminal responsibility must be
General in his call on the Council to employ all means
                                                               increased. Impunity must be ended both for perpetrators
at its disposal to address sexual violence in conflict,
                                                               and those in the chain of command. The investigative
including through referrals to the ICC.
                                                               capabilities of national institutions must be increased.
    The ICC is, however, not only about punishing              Additional services such as legal support, protection
perpetrators, but also about empowering victims of             for survivors of violence and training should be put in
atrocity crimes. The Court is committed to ensuring            place. This is quite a formidable list of tasks.



42                                                                                                             13-37153

                                                                                                           S/PV.6984


     It takes personnel, resources and time to end the           Finally, raising awareness at the local, national,
culture of impunity. The continued support of the           regional and international levels is key to combating
international community is essential. Punishment for        impunity. Many remain silent before sexual violence,
the crime often serves as the most important deterrent.     in the fear of being targeted, attacked, stigmatized or
To address sexual violence during conflicts and ensure      shamed. We must ensure that raising one’s voice against
that these crimes can be prosecuted in the post-conflict    this despicable crime becomes the norm, rather than the
phase, the necessary documentation and evidence             exception.
must be gathered while the conflict is ongoing. The
                                                                 The elimination of the root causes of conflict is
United Nations, other international organizations,
                                                            the best way to prevent sexual violence and address
humanitarian agencies and civil society have an
                                                            impunity. The establishment or restoration of the rule of
important task in this respect.
                                                            law, good governance and socio-economic development
    The Security Council deserves special credit            is essential for sustainable solutions.
for connecting the concepts of sexual violence and
                                                                In conclusion, I would like to thank the Secretaryimpunity to international peace and security, passing
                                                            General, the Member States and all relevant United
numerous resolutions and addressing the issue in
                                                            Nations bodies, in addition to all relevant stakeholders
various meetings. We also welcome today’s adoption
                                                            at the local, national, regional and global levels that
of resolution 2106 (2013). The Council’s efforts help
                                                            have prioritized the issue of sexual violence against
strongly convey the message that sexual violence and
                                                            women in conflict. Special thanks go to Special
impunity are unacceptable.
                                                            Representative Bangura, whose exemplary dedication
     I would also like to commend the Team of Experts       to fighting sexual violence in conflicts, including by
on the Rule of Law and Sexual Violence in Conflict          combating impunity, we continue to support.
for its valuable work. Acting in close partnership with
                                                                The President: I now give the floor to the
all relevant stakeholders, including national judicial
                                                            representative of Liechtenstein.
and security institutions, international and regional
organizations, humanitarian agencies, civil society and          Mr. Barriga (Liechtenstein): We welcome this
the private sector, the United Nations should continue      open debate and thank your delegation, Mr. President,
its technical assistance to countries suffering from        for its useful concept paper (S/2013/335). While a
conflict. International justice mechanisms are essential,   continued emphasis on protection issues is crucial, we
especially when sexual violence is used as a war tactic     call at the same time for the same level of emphasis on
in the form of systematic rape and forced pregnancies.      the participation pillar of this agenda.
In addition, especially in post-conflict set-ups, their
                                                                In recent years, we have witnessed an alarming
work complements that of national systems in the fight
                                                            increase in the documented use of sexual violence in
against the culture of impunity.
                                                            armed conflict, often as a method of warfare to achieve
     I would like to touch upon three more concepts that    military goals. Much remains to be done in terms of
we deem necessary when addressing impunity. The first       an effective response. Ending impunity is clearly a
is reparations. They are a form of transitional gender      central element in this respect. Unfortunately, however,
justice and contribute to truth and reconciliation.         we must acknowledge that, in practice, the fight to end
                                                            impunity has barely begun. Effective justice for victims
    Secondly, monitoring and reporting on incidents
                                                            of sexual violence in conflict continues to be a great
of sexual violence is important, as highlighted in the
                                                            exception to the rule.
Secretary-General’s most recent report (S/2013/149).
We extend our full support to the endeavours of                 The necessary work to that end is closely linked
the United Nations in this area. In this respect, as a      to broader efforts to strengthen justice and the rule
neighbouring country, Turkey took note with concern         of law. An effective judicial response requires States
of the findings of the recent report of the independent     themselves to strengthen domestic justice systems in all
international commission of inquiry on the Syrian Arab      their aspects, where appropriate, with the assistance of
Republic. In that regard, access should be granted to       international donors and agencies. Particular emphasis
the commission to conduct on-site investigations with       should be placed on procedures that allow victims and
respect to the allegations of all human rights violations   witnesses to come forward while minimizing the risk
in Syria, including sexual violence against women.


13-3715343

S/PV.6984


of reprisals and that take into account the severe trauma       Mr. Govender (South Africa): My delegation would
that may have been inflicted on them.                       like to thank the United Kingdom’s presidency of the
                                                            Council for convening this important open debate. We
    The International Criminal Court (ICC) also has an
                                                            would also like to commend the Special Representative
important role to play, and we were therefore somewhat
                                                            of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in
surprised not to see the ICC mentioned explicitly in
                                                            Conflict, Ms. Bangura, for her commitment and efforts
the concept paper. The work of the Court can serve in
                                                            in addressing these egregious crimes.
particular as an incentive for Governments to deliver
accountability at the domestic level. The Court can also        While the Security Council has adopted the
assist such work by providing information and evidence      requisite resolutions to address those crimes, including
for use in domestic proceedings, and it is well known       resolution 2106 (2013) today, full and effective
that the ICC Prosecutor has made the fight against          implementation of the key resolutions underpinning the
sexual violence a focus of her work.                        women, peace and security agenda is critical to closing
                                                            the existing protection gaps. The Secretary-General’s
     The Security Council should more often call on
                                                            report (S/2013/335) correctly alludes to a systemic
Governments to prioritize the strengthening of domestic
                                                            United Nations response to that problem. However,
justice systems, but it should also be more assertive
                                                            we cannot agree more with the Secretary-General’s
where national systems fail, through the establishment
                                                            observation that Member States bear the primary legal
of fact-finding commissions, commissions of inquiry
                                                            and moral responsibility for preventing and addressing
and referrals to the ICC. Where domestic justice
                                                            conflict-related sexual violence.
systems have broken down completely, such measures
may often be the only way of creating deterrence and             We concur with the five-point priority agenda
enabling longer-term justice. Evidence needs to be          of the Office of the Special Representative of the
professionally collected at the earliest possible stages,   Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict,
a process that may be assisted inter alia by the Justice    but we believe that priority must be given to fostering
Rapid Response initiative.                                  national ownership, leadership and responsibility in
                                                            addressing sexual violence in conflict, thereby ensuring
    The Council’s ability to respond depends on
                                                            its sustainability. The role of the Team of Experts on the
the availability of objective, accurate and reliable
                                                            Rule of Law and Sexual Violence in Conflict becomes
information. Monitoring, analysis and reporting
                                                            crucial in enhancing the capacity-building of civilian
arrangements and the work of the women’s protection
                                                            and military justice systems to address sexual violence
advisers are therefore of continued relevance.
                                                            in conflict afflicted communities.
     There seems to be a major design flaw in our current
                                                                 The    technical     assessment     missions   of
national and international efforts to bring about justice
                                                            peacekeeping operations should, as a matter of
for crimes of sexual violence — the voices of victims are
                                                            standard practice, include an agenda adviser whose
rarely heard. This is lamentable and counterproductive,
                                                            primary task must be situational awareness, analysis
because a greater role for victims in this discourse
                                                            and recommendations regarding the threat of or acts
could have a strong impact on the willingness of the
                                                            of sexual violence in conflict. As part of a systemic
relevant actors to bring about change.
                                                            response, multidimensional peacekeeping missions
     To conclude, I would briefly like to recall that       should incorporate a public awareness campaign at the
sexual violence also affects men and boys, as stated        field level that encourages community involvement
in the concept paper. In this context, we would like to     in monitoring and reporting of the threat of or actual
inform delegations about the next session of our lecture    incidences of all forms of sexual violence.
series on women and peace and security. It will take
                                                                The Secretary-General’s report highlights lessons
place on 8 or 9 July and will focus on the role of men
                                                            that could be learned from security sector reform
as perpetrators but also as victims of sexual violence
                                                            and disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
in conflict.
                                                            programmes that went wrong in specific peacekeeping
    The President: I now give the floor to the              missions. The Department of Peacekeeping Operations,
representative of South Africa.                             the Security Council and other relevant United Nations
                                                            entities should take stock of those lessons and ensure
                                                            that subsequent mandates, renewals and transitions


44                                                                                                          13-37153

                                                                                                             S/PV.6984


involving security sector reform and disarmament,           forms violence against civilians in armed conflict, in
demobilization and reintegration processes prevent any      particular against women and children. My country
escalation of threats to vulnerable communities.            deplores the fact that these situations continue to arise
                                                            in armed conflict in various parts of the world, and
    While scenario-based training for peacekeepers
                                                            believes that the international community should adopt
is essential to enhancing operational readiness and
                                                            an attitude of strict condemnation and seek, through all
prevention, it can never be a panacea for eliminating
                                                            means, to abolish violence, ensure the protection of and
sexual violence in conflict. The reach of the national
                                                            reparations for victims, and see to it that perpetrators
Government throughout its territories and its ability
                                                            are brought to justice.
to exercise control over those territories through its
national security apparatus, including law enforcement          Colombia is aware of the impact of sexual violence
and military capabilities, will always remain integral to   in conflicts on international peace and security, and
preventing and arresting sexual violence.                   believes that we must not lose sight of the fact that the
                                                            primary responsibility to put an end to that scourge and
    We support the recommendations of the Secretaryto protect the victims lies with States. We believe it
General as contained in his recent report. We believe,
                                                            necessary for international cooperation in this field to
however, that the effective implementation of resolution
                                                            be developed and implemented, not just in a constructive
1960 (2010) will require greater involvement of women
                                                            way, but also on the basis of an open dialogue with the
in conflict resolution, mediation and peacebuilding
                                                            Governments concerned, so as to ensure that effective
processes. While there is value in the Security
                                                            solutions are found and that national institutions and
Council’s developing monitoring mechanisms to ensure
                                                            processes are strengthened, while respecting States’
the implementation of the provisions of resolution
                                                            policies and priorities.
1960 (2010), the greater involvement of women in
negotiation and peacemaking processes brings with it a           Colombia also joins in the repeated condemnations
greater infusion of gender concerns and interests in the    by the Security Council of violations of international
resolution process.                                         humanitarian law committed against women and girls,
                                                            and the need to bring to justice those who are responsible
    In closing, every effort must be made to end
                                                            for such crimes, in particular the perpetrators of
impunity by perpetrators of sexual violence in conflict.
                                                            sexual violence against women. We also underscore
Making parties live up to their commitments in peace
                                                            the importance of enhancing the role of women in
agreements, which include the prohibition of sexual
                                                            peacebuilding and in providing assistance to victims,
violence in such agreements, is certainly one of the
                                                            in particular the victims of sexual violence. It is clear
tools that must be utilized with fervour. The Security
                                                            that in order to ensure that those cases are managed
Council must also include measures that bring pressure
                                                            properly, information has to be gathered by United
to bear on perpetrators of sexual violence in conflict,
                                                            Nations agencies on the ground in a timely, precise,
especially on individuals and parties, through targeted
                                                            reliable and objective way. In that way, the United
and graduated measures, as well as for the Security
                                                            Nations entities can address each case individually,
Council to immediately and unambiguously pronounce
                                                            conduct related criminal investigations, and ensure due
on those acts as and when perpetrated.
                                                            process and follow-up, as required.
    The President: I now give the floor to the
                                                                 The resolutions that have been referred to in the
representative of Colombia.
                                                            framework of this debate call up the Secretary-General
     Mr. Osorio (Colombia) (spoke in Spanish): At the       to conduct dialogues, “as appropriate”, with the parties to
outset, allow me to congratulate the United Kingdom         armed conflict. Currently, the Government of Colombia
on its presidency of the Security Council for this          is holding a peace dialogue with the spokespersons of an
month. I would also like to thank the Secretary-            illegal armed group. From the outset, we have believed
General, the Special Envoy of the United Nations High       that the ownership and autonomy of the Government are
Commissioner for Refugees and Special Representative        essential in this process, as an any outside intervention
of the Secretary-General, Ms. Zainab Hawa Bangura,          lacking the consent of the Colombian Government
for their briefings, as well as others who spoken today.    would negatively interfere in that process. When we
                                                            believe support or mediation to be appropriate, we
   Colombia endorses the repeated rejections by the
                                                            will make that known. Therefore, we are grateful for
Security Council of all acts of sexual violence and other


13-3715345

S/PV.6984


offers of good offices, and we welcome those voices        importance to ending the culture of impunity for sexual
that support the peace process and the international       violence in conflicts in all its manifestations.
pressure to put an end to those violent acts and in
                                                               We agree with the Secretary-General’s March
particular those against women.
                                                           report on sexual violence in conflict (S/2013/149)
     Along those lines, it is worth mentioning some        that national courts remain primarily responsible for
of the good practices introduced by Colombia to            investigating and judging crimes of sexual violence in
prevent, investigate and sanction sexual violence in       conflicts, and we value the important complementary
armed conflict. For example, our National Council for      role played by the international tribunals in combating
Economic and Social Policy has used about $1 million       crimes of that kind. We attach the greatest importance
to coordinate all the institutional forces within our      to the contribution made by resolution 1960 (2010)
country to implement the national public policy for        in that regard, which represented great progress in
gender equality and the comprehensive plan to ensure       establishing a political commitment to the prevention
a life free of violence for women by implementing the      and handling of the atrocities of rape in wartime and in
law on reparations for victims.                            establishing the basis for ensuring the accountability of
                                                           perpetrators.
     Strengthening the role and ability of women and
promoting the enjoyment and observance of their                 We also wish to highlight the work of the International
rights is particularly important to the Government of      Criminal Court. Its Rome Statute includes within the
Colombia. In that regard, the contribution of the United   category of war crimes and crimes against humanity
Nations system and the international community is          crimes involving acts of sexual violence against women
key within a framework of respect for the sovereignty,     and children. We emphasize the contribution made in
territorial integrity and political independence of all    that connection by the International Criminal Tribunals
States. As can be seen and has been underscored by         for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, with their
the Secretary-General in his reports, Colombia has         valuable rulings on the subject.
different measures and safeguards that mark a decisive
                                                                We wish to express concern, however, about the
step forward in its efforts to comprehensively and
                                                           fact that in several areas it is still difficult to investigate
consistently address that problem.
                                                           and judge crimes of sexual violence committed against
    The President: I now give the floor to the             women and children because the national courts lack
representative of Chile.                                   skills and expertise. That continues to make it difficult
                                                           to bring perpetrators of such crimes to trial. For that
    Mr. Errázuriz (Chile) (spoke in Spanish): Chile
                                                           reason, we emphasize the support needed from the
thanks the United Kingdom presidency for convening
                                                           United Nations as regards capacity-building in that
this important open debate of the Security Council
                                                           area.
on the topic “Women and peace and security”. We
support the Security Council’s role regarding women            In recent years, efforts have been made to modernize
and peace and security and the work accomplished by        Chilean institutions to conform to the human rights and
the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on     gender focus of resolution 1325 (2000) and subsequent
Sexual Violence in Conflict, Ms. Zainab Bangura. We        resolutions on the subject in a forward-looking approach
also support the United Nations Team of Experts on the     reflecting our national and regional reality. This year
Rule of Law and Sexual Violence in Conflict.               we will be launching our national plan based on that
                                                           resolution, updated for the period 2014-2018, with
    Chile attaches great importance to the prevention
                                                           specific indicators for effectively measuring various
of sexual violence in conflicts and to the care,
                                                           types of activity. That, in turn, will be the basis for
protection and compensation of victims of sexual
                                                           the next national plan for the period 2019-2022. The
violence in conflict. On earlier occasions we have
                                                           indicators represent five specific goals: prevention,
drawn attention, inter alia, to the progress made by our
                                                           participation, protection, help and recovery. They will
national legislation on the implementation of resolution
                                                           be implemented globally and jointly, with the aim of
1325 (2000). We particularly support the role being
                                                           creating a strong foundation for combating sexual
played by the women serving as protection advisers for
                                                           violence committed in pre-conflict and post-conflict
their work with survivors of acts of sexual violence in
                                                           situations.
places affected by conflicts, and we attach the greatest


46                                                                                                              13-37153

                                                                                                            S/PV.6984


     Although that action concerns the national sphere,      resolution 2106 (2013) adopted this morning. Slovenia
we also attach great importance to the enhancement of        also fully aligns itself with the statement delivered by
the international humanitarian response capacity and to      the European Union.
the role of international cooperation in achieving those
                                                                  One of the key priorities of Slovenia in the United
goals, particularly in the context of the United Nations
                                                             Nations is to address issues of importance to women
Stabilization Mission in Haiti. In accordance with
                                                             around the world. It has been acknowledged many
the principle of gender equality, Chile has included a
                                                             times that global stability, peace, and prosperity depend
female military contingent in the Mission and supports
                                                             on protecting and advancing the rights of women and
the zero tolerance policy of the United Nations towards
                                                             girls. But many times we find ourselves too late in
cases of sexual abuse and improper conduct in which
                                                             implementing preventive measures, which may include
some members of its contingent have been involved.
                                                             efforts to promote the rights of women or other means,
     In that connection, Chile’s national plan provides      and find ourselves in the midst of armed conflicts,
expanded training in peacekeeping operations for             where particularly vulnerable groups, such as women
soldiers and for members of the forces of law and order      and children, are disproportionately impacted.
and security in the pre- and post-deployment stages.
                                                                 Needless to say, in such circumstances social
It also places greater emphasis on the distribution of
                                                             norms get stripped away and sexual attacks all too often
information on the international instruments concerning
                                                             become a weapon of war. Such violence leaves behind
gender, security and peace, and we are promoting
                                                             hundreds of thousands of victims, all of whom are left
gender mainstreaming in the institutions performing
                                                             traumatized and stigmatized for life. Those hideous
these roles. We believe that such a policy should be the
                                                             acts affect whole communities and remain vividly
general norm for all peacekeeping missions in which
                                                             remembered for generations, as seen in the Western
the United Nations participates.
                                                             Balkans and Rwanda.
     The subject of women and peace and security and
                                                                 It is therefore of paramount importance to look
sexual violence poses many challenges and covers a
                                                             beyond prevention. The investigation of cases of sexual
number of areas. I refer in particular to the existence
                                                             violence in conflict and the holding of perpetrators
of and access to compensation and justice mechanisms
                                                             of sexual violence in armed conflict accountable are
for women and girls, especially in situations of armed
                                                             also of great importance. Ending impunity is pivotal
conflict; the operation and supervision of compensation
                                                             in addressing sexual violence in conflict. Only that
systems; and combating impunity for those responsible
                                                             can serve as a strong deterrent for such actions. In
for crimes.
                                                             that regard, we would like to commend the work of
    For that reason, my delegation would like to             the Team of Experts on the Rule of Law and Sexual
conclude by expressing our satisfaction with the             Violence in Conflict, as well as Justice Rapid Response,
adoption of resolution 2106 (2013) this morning, which       an intergovernmental standby facility of active-duty
Chile co-sponsored.                                          criminal justice and related professionals.
    The President: I now give the floor to the                    The International Criminal Court is the only
representative of Slovenia.                                  international tribunal whose statute explicitly refers
                                                             to sexual and gender violence as crimes against
     Mr. Marn (Slovenia): I would like to thank all of the
                                                             humanity. The use of the Court in such cases should be
briefers in today’s debate for their powerful messages,
                                                             an important aspect of establishing peace and security
which the Security Council should take into account
                                                             and the rule of law, whereby special attention should
in its future deliberations. I would also like to thank
                                                             be given to the principle of complementarity and to the
the United Kingdom for organizing this important and
                                                             issue of closing the legal gaps regarding accountability
timely debate, while acknowledging their important
                                                             for the most serious international crimes. However, the
contribution to combating sexual violence in conflict
                                                             most important area of focus must remain the victims.
situations during its tenure leading the Group of Eight.
I would also like to commend Australia and Guatemala             Let us recall that Slovenia, together with
for organizing an Arria formula meeting on experiences       Netherlands and Belgium, presented an initiative aimed
drawn from the work of gender experts in peacekeeping        at improving the international framework for mutual
operations. Slovenia joins others in welcoming               legal assistance and extradition in cases involving the


13-3715347

S/PV.6984


investigation and prosecution of the most serious crimes      reverse perspective, of women against violence. That
of international concern, including sexual and gender         capacity is underutilized, decreasing the effectiveness
violence as crimes against humanity. As suspects,             and likelihood of success of any peace and reconstruction
evidence, witnesses and assets related to those crimes        process. The Netherlands recognizes that women play
are usually not restricted to the territory of any one        active roles as peacebuilders, politicians, activists
State, strengthening mutual legal assistance between          and quite often also as combatants. We should listen,
States is indispensable for States, if they are to be truly   therefore, to the priorities that women define, and we
effective in the national prosecution and investigation       should understand the barriers that women perceive.
of those crimes.                                              Their participation in finding solutions to conflicts and
                                                              in reconstruction processes is indispensable.
    Finally, let me inform the Council that these
pertinent issues will also be on the agenda of the                The Netherlands considers sexual violence in
Bled Strategic Forum, a high-level strategic dialogue         conflict as a sign of a failure to implement all the
among leaders from the private and public sectors to          elements of the agenda for women and peace and
be held in Slovenia in early September of 2013. A panel       security. In today’s debate, therefore, we would like
discussion entitled “International criminal justice as a      to stress four points. First is the importance of taking
precondition for a prosperous economic future?” will          urgent action in key areas, especially those of women’s
be organized, and it will, inter alia, address the issue of   participation and equality and of prevention, response
sexual and gender violence, with a particular emphasis        and accountability. Another important area is national
on violence against women and children. We see the            and regional efforts to end impunity, including through
meeting as an opportunity to continue this important          referrals to the International Criminal Court, and by
dialogue and also as a sign of my country’s continuous        emphasizing the importance of reparations.
involvement in matters that promote women’s rights.
                                                                   Secondly, we should give specific attention to
    The President: I now give the floor to the                the importance of providing effective support and
representative of the Netherlands.                            protection to women-led organizations and defenders
                                                              of women’s human rights, particularly given the threats
    Mr. Schaper (Netherlands): My delegation
                                                              such defenders face and their lack of resources. Thirdly,
welcomes this debate and would like to make a few
                                                              there is a need for a comprehensive multisectoral
remarks in addition to the statement to be delivered
                                                              response for survivors, including medical care, in
by the observer of the European Union, with which
                                                              accordance with international humanitarian law, and
my delegation aligns itself, and to others that have
                                                              access to emergency contraception, safe abortion
underlined the importance of the topic of women and
                                                              and HIV treatment, as well as access to justice and
peace and security.
                                                              psychosocial health care services for women and
    The recent cases of sexual and gender-based               girls. Lastly, and equally important, is strengthening
violence in countries in conflict such as Syria and           the gender components of security sector reform
Mali continue to illustrate that fighting such violence       and disarmament, demobilization and reintegration
remains a priority. It is evident that sexual violence        programmes, not least through ratification and full
exacerbates conflict and perpetuates insecurity. It           compliance with the Arms Trade Treaty, which gives
holds entire communities hostage and has an economic,         substantive attention to gender dimensions.
social, cultural and inter-generational impact. Women
                                                                  Through policies such as its human rights and
are excluded from communities and cannot engage in
                                                              gender strategies, the Netherlands pays particular
economic activity or access markets; girls cannot go to
                                                              attention to issues such as gender equality, women’s
school safely.
                                                              political role and leadership, economic empowerment
    Sexual and gender-based violence can be seen from         and ending trafficking of and violence against women
two perspectives. On the one hand, we see women               in post-conflict countries and unstable areas. In that
as victims of such violence, from the perspective of          regard, we are actively implementing resolution 1325
violence against women. On the other hand, however,           (2000) through a second national action plan for 2012-
we often tend to underestimate the role that women can        2015, signed by three Dutch ministries and 41 civil
play in finding solutions through conflict prevention,        organizations. The plan focuses on six countries:
resolution and transformation — in fact, by using the         Afghanistan, South Sudan, the Sudan, Burundi,


48                                                                                                            13-37153

                                                                                                             S/PV.6984


Colombia and the Democratic Republic of the Congo,          weapons of war. It wreaks intense destruction on the
as well as on the Middle East and North Africa region.      bodies and souls of the victims. It disrupts families,
I will cite three examples.                                 displaces communities and destroys entire societies’
                                                            basis for reconciliation. That is why Switzerland would
    In Afghanistan, a group of Dutch signatories to the
                                                            like to thank the delegation of the United Kingdom
plan are working with a local telephone and Internet
                                                            for organizing this debate and for making conflictprovider to start a programme connecting poor rural
                                                            related sexual violence a priority for both the Security
women and men with more modern young people in
                                                            Council and the Group of Eight. We would also like
large towns via an SMS platform. The objective is keep
                                                            to thank the Secretary-General and the other briefers
the rural poor better informed about national women’s
                                                            for their valuable contributions. We hope that today
issues and to foster dialogue between them and urban
                                                            we can together generate a strong political will that
young people on issues such as violence against women
                                                            can enable us to improve the implementation of the
and the role women can play in fighting it.
                                                            existing Security Council instruments, strengthen
    My second example is that together with the             the mechanisms of national and international law and
Funding Leadership and Opportunities for Women’s            increase assistance to the victims.
Fund and the Human Rights Fund, the Netherlands
                                                                In an unprecedented partnership, civil society
supports many women’s organizations in their struggle
                                                            organizations, the Council and the United Nations as a
to combat violence against women. When women’s
                                                            whole have put in place a visionary framework based on
political and economic empowerment is supported,
                                                            five resolutions on women and peace and security. That
their vulnerability to sexual violence is reduced. For
                                                            framework not only asks us to fight sexual violence
example, the Netherlands has funded the Bell Bajao
                                                            effectively in times of conflict, it also commits us
campaign, which combats violence against women
                                                            to supporting women as active agents for change.
with a very successful media effort. Started in India,
                                                            The United Nations has developed indicators; the
it consists of small clips that are nested in various
                                                            Security Council has created a mandate for a Special
popular television talk shows and programmes such as
                                                            Representative and made the decision to establish
Who Wants to Be a Millionaire. The clips have become
                                                            the monitoring, analysis and reporting arrangements
very popular and have spread to other countries in the
                                                            mechanism. With our partners from Liechtenstein,
region.
                                                            Switzerland has supported the NGO Working Group
    My third example is that in the Middle East and         on Women, Peace and Security, PeaceWomen and the
North Africa region we have started, with a Dutch           Global Network of Women Peacebuilders in making
non-governmental organization and an accounting             available to Council members a bulletin of monthly
firm, a new fund with a budget of about €5.8 million,       action points, a handbook and even an iPhone app, and
designed to strengthen the financial and organizational     in ensuring close ties between policymaking levels in
management of women’s organizations in the region.          New York and the realities on the ground. All these
                                                            instruments and resources should be utilized in order
    In conclusion, women can be powerful actors for
                                                            to implement the framework based on resolution 1325
peace, security, and prosperity. When they participate
                                                            (2000) without further delay. We therefore gratefully
in peace processes and other formal decision-making
                                                            welcome today’s resolution 2106 (2013), which will
processes, they can play an important role in initiating
                                                            support those efforts.
and inspiring progress on human rights, justice, national
reconciliation and economic revitalization. They can             First and foremost, however, prevention is essential.
also build coalitions across ethnic and sectarian lines     We must break the cycles of violence. All parties to a
and speak up for marginalized and minority groups.          conflict must make specific commitments to combat
Investing in women’s leadership is therefore smart          sexual violence and hold perpetrators accountable. I
security as well as smart development.                      would also like to voice a particularly serious concern
                                                            about the fact that the risk of systematic sexual violence
    The President: I now give the floor to the
                                                            often increases considerably after or around high-level
representative of Switzerland.
                                                            visits. It is therefore imperative to ensure careful follow-Ms. Baeriswyl (Switzerland) (spoke in French):           up and to prevent acts of revenge by strengthening local
Sexual violence is one of the most devastating              capacities.



13-3715349

S/PV.6984


     In his latest report (S/2013/149) the Secretary-       of rape, sexual slavery, forced prostitution, forced
General encourages Member States to include specific        pregnancy, forced sterilization and any other form
training courses for their peacekeeping troops.             of sexual violence of comparable gravity. Those acts
Nevertheless, our methods have not been sufficiently        are deplorable, prohibited by international law, and
successful in fighting these crimes. That scourge           constitute an impediment to conflict resolution,
continues to undermine the credibility of United            development and transition to peace and democracy.
Nations peacekeeping missions — not to mention the
                                                                Canada, which is a proud member and Chair of the
immense harm done to the individuals and communities
                                                            Group of Friends against Sexual Violence in Conflict,
affected by the behaviour of those who were deployed
                                                            recognizes that women’s social, political and economic
in the field to protect them and ensure peace. The zeroempowerment, their equality with men and the active
tolerance policy must be urgently implemented, and
                                                            participation of men and boys in combating all forms
everyone must be resolutely committed to bringing
                                                            of violence against women are central to long-term
perpetrators to justice.
                                                            prevention efforts. Preventing sexual violence requires
     International humanitarian law prohibits rape          promoting and protecting the human rights of women
and other forms of sexual violence. Such crimes can         and girls. Prevention also requires supporting survivors
constitute war crimes, crimes against humanity or           on their path to recovery from such crimes, assisting
genocide. International tribunals, especially the           their access to justice and holding perpetrators to
International Criminal Court, play a key role in            account.
punishing and preventing such crimes. For that reason,
                                                            (spoke in French)
it is crucial that all States lend their full support to
those institutions, not forgetting that the fight against       The Security Council and the United Nations
impunity for perpetrators of sexual violence must           system should act systematically and comprehensively
primarily be carried out at the national level.             to address gaps and challenges in its work on
                                                            women, peace and security, as well as to monitor the
     Let us never forget that the very raison d’être of
                                                            commitments by parties to conflict to prevent and
the United Nations, as set out in its visionary Charter,
                                                            address conflict-related sexual violence.
is the abolition of war and all related crimes. As John
Lennon sang,                                                    The recent report of the Secretary-General
                                                            (S/2013/149) details the global scope of conflict-related
(spoke in English)
                                                            sexual violence, including many instances of early and
      “You may say I’m a dreamer, but I’m not the only      forced marriage of women and girls. Canada is gravely
      one”.                                                 concerned about reports of forced marriage, rape and
                                                            sexual slavery and condemns the early and forced
(spoke in French)
                                                            marriage of women and girls in all situations, including
     All around the world, men and women, communities,      the practice of forcing rape survivors to marry their
civil society organizations, United Nations staff           perpetrators or other family members. We welcome the
and representatives and country representatives are         efforts of the Secretary-General to focus attention on
working hard to prevent and abolish war. Switzerland        the practice of early and forced marriage in the context
is steadfastly committed to joining in those efforts.       of armed conflict.
    The President: I now give the floor to the              (spoke in English)
representative of Canada.
                                                                The primary responsibility for the prevention
    Mr. Rishchynski (Canada) (spoke in French): I           of sexual violence in conflict lies with national
thank you, Mr. President, for this opportunity to take      Governments as well as with the leadership of non-State
the floor.                                                  armed groups. Where those leaders fail to respond to
                                                            sexual violence or are party to the crimes, they must be
(spoke in English)
                                                            held to account. Often, however, Governments lack the
     Canada wishes to thank the United Kingdom for          capacity to respond adequately.
holding this open debate on the prevention of conflict-Conflict significantly weakens national justice
related sexual violence, an issue of great importance
                                                            systems, resulting in a limited number of perpetrators
to our country, as it includes the despicable acts


50                                                                                                          13-37153

                                                                                                             S/PV.6984


facing justice. In such cases, Member States                 Ambassador Kodjo Menan of Togo. I also warmly thank
could request the assistance of trained experts for          Ms. Zainab Hawa Bangura, Special Representative of
investigations and prosecutions and to strengthen the        the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict,
capacity of local law enforcement.                           for her excellent briefing. We also encourage her tireless
                                                             efforts in continuing the work of her predecessor,
    Canada welcomes the engagement of the Security
                                                             Ms. Margot Wallström.
Council on the issue of preventing sexual violence. We
urge the Council to ensure the inclusion of prevention           Armed groups have always used pressure tactics
and response to sexual violence in its mandates and          of rape, forced marriage and sexual slavery against
resolutions and to ensure that those elements are            populations, especially women, to impose control
implemented. The Council should take concrete                over their communities. Those horrendous practices
measures to support women’s opportunities for equal          have also been used to force populations to move,
participation and decision-making in all conflict-           which has led to unbearable humanitarian situations in
prevention and -resolution processes. It must ensure the     neighbouring countries.
health, safety, human rights and dignity of survivors
                                                                  In that context, I express my condemnation of the
and should hold perpetrators to full account.
                                                             new trend of using sexual violence in order to gain
     In that regard, Canada calls on the Council to ensure   illegal access to natural resources. Beyond undermining
that Sanctions Committees add criteria pertaining to         morale and trampling the dignity of the people who are
acts of rape and other forms of sexual violence to their     the victims, those crimes also seriously undermine the
existing criteria. Further action at the international       development efforts of countries already suffering the
level is imperative to end sexual violence in conflict,      effects of poverty.
to tackle the lack of accountability that exists for those
                                                                  As timely highlighted by the Secretary-General
crimes and to provide comprehensive support services
                                                             in his report (S/2013/149), the failure of disarmament,
to survivors. For its part, Canada is active in the
                                                             demobilization and reintegration and security sector
prevention and response to sexual violence in conflict.
                                                             reform efforts in many countries has led, as we know,
For example, Canada is contributing $18.5 million to
                                                             to violations against women. In addition, there is a risk
the United Nations Development Programme to support
                                                             of reprisals against the victims of sexual violence.
the fight against sexual violence in the conflict in the
Democratic Republic of the Congo. In addition, at                 Only a strong message, backed up by a holistic
the London launch of the Group of Eight declaration          strategy on the part of the international community, will
on preventing sexual violence in conflict, Canada            lead to the control of that phenomenon, which entails
announced an additional $5 million contribution to           such disastrous consequences for maternal and child
international efforts to be programmed this year.            health, populations, international peace and security as
                                                             well as for our people’s well-being.
    Canada urges all Member States to join the
international effort and we look forward to working               That leads me to welcome resolution 2106 (2013),
together to stop sexual violence.                            which the Council has just adopted and which places
                                                             victims at the heart of efforts to combat sexual violence
    The President: I now give the floor to the
                                                             and to improve conflict resolution. On that basis, efforts
representative of Senegal.
                                                             to combat this scourge should be based on adequate
    Mr. Diallo (Senegal) (spoke in French): I thank you,     prevention as well as on accountability, which helps
Mr. President, for having organizing this open debate        to dissuade people from committing these crimes once
on preventing sexual violence in conflict — an issue         again. Prevention is first and foremost the responsibility
that is affecting civilians more frequently, particularly    of Governments, particularly of security forces, which
women.                                                       have a duty to protect their own citizens. We need to
                                                             support the countries affected in establishing the rule
    At the outset, I would express my appreciation
                                                             of law by enhancing the capacity of the security forces
at seeing you, Sir, preside over the work of the
                                                             in a substantive way and by developing their legal
Security Council in June. Your presidency reflects
                                                             capacities. The basic goal is to fill the gaps in terms of
the commitment of your country in supporting
                                                             their protection and judicial mechanisms, particularly
peace throughout the world. Allow me also to pay
                                                             in the spheres of intelligence, investigations and
heartfelt tribute to the leadership of your predecessor,


13-3715351

S/PV.6984


prosecution of perpetrators. In that regard, we are happy     important debate. I would also to thank the Secretaryto see the significant progress achieved by various           General, his Special Representative on Sexual Violence
countries thanks to the United Nations campaign on            in Conflict, Ms. Zainab Bangura, Ms. Angela Joli
sexual violence in conflict, which includes “firewood         and Ms. Jane Adong Anywar for their illuminating
patrols” in Darfur and an early-warning system in the         introductory presentations on sexual violence in
Democratic Republic of the Congo.                             conflict. Their presentations, together with the concept
                                                              paper you circulated, Mr. President (S/2013/335, annex),
    Moreover, it is important to underscore the fact
                                                              has undoubtedly guided our deliberations today.
that the prevention effort is also a collective one, as it
transcends borders and deals with a phenomenon that               Sexual violence, wherever it is committed, is a
poses a serious threat to peace and security throughout       crime against humanity. When committed in conflict
the world. Worse yet, acts of sexual violence constitute      situations, it is more than a double-edged sword for
crimes against humanity, war crimes and crimes of             the victim. As highlighted in the concept note, this not
genocide, in line with the decision handed down by            only affects a large number of women and girls, but
the International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda in the         also men and boys. Without downplaying the impact
Jean-Paul Akayesu case.                                       of sexual violence on men and boys, women and girls
                                                              are often more disproportionately affected because the
     This shows the importance of taking into account
                                                              impact of such acts and the consequences with which
sexual violence in the context of preventive diplomacy,
                                                              they have to live are often much more severe than for
particularly when ceasefire agreements are reached
                                                              men and boys. However, no human being should be
between warring parties. In that connection, I support
                                                              subjected to such a heinous and disgraceful crime. It is
the recommendations made by the Secretary-General to
                                                              a pure manifestation of evil that cannot be justified or
establish monitoring mechanisms for the commitments
                                                              tolerated in the twenty-first century.
entered into by parties during the good offices process,
in line with resolution 1960 (2010). That also applies             In conflict situations, the dignity of women and
to peacekeeping missions and to special political             girls must be respected; they cannot be treated as
missions, which should have a sufficient number of            subhuman. First, they are human beings endowed with
women’s protection advisers.                                  the right to pursue happiness in every possible way.
                                                              Secondly, they are grandmothers, mothers, wives,
     Combating impunity at the international level
                                                              sisters and little girls in the eyes of their parents and
continues to be a major pillar, indeed an indispensable
                                                              in their communities in general. In conflict situations
one, in combating sexual violence. Those who tolerate
                                                              too, the family bond remains and it must be accorded
or perpetuate these serious and unacceptable crimes
                                                              adequate protection.
must be held accountable for their acts. In that regard,
the International Criminal Court must, in accordance              My country has made its modest contribution
with the principle of complimentarity with national           to the issue of women in peace. During Namibia’s
jurisdictions, play a leading role in administering justice   presidency of the Council in October 2000, a discussion
for the benefit of the many victims of sexual abuse in        was initiated and an open debate held (see S/PV.4213)
conflict. In that connection, I would like to pay tribute     that culminated in the adoption of resolution 1325
to the Group of Eight agreement on sexual violence in         (2000). The Council has also adopted resolutions 1820
conflict, which reflects the Group’s commitment in the        (2008), 1888 (2009) and 1960 (2010), which highlight
light of this serious phenomenon.                             the seriousness of sexual violence as a threat to
                                                              international peace and security. The urgent question
     I would like to encourage the Council to adopt a
                                                              confronting the international community today is, what
holistic approach in combating sexual violence, as well
                                                              are the appropriate strategies to end sexual violence in
as to reiterat the unfailing determination of my country
                                                              conflict?
to protect future generations from this longstanding
legacy.                                                           The international justice mechanism should
                                                              support the restoration or establishment of justice and
    The President: I now give the floor to the
                                                              accountability at the national level. The empowerment
representative of Namibia.
                                                              of women and girls, as well as the education of boys
    Mr. Shaanika (Namibia): I would like to thank             about the rights of girls and women, are some of
the United Kingdom, Mr. President, for scheduling this        important elements that instil nurturing and responsible


52                                                                                                            13-37153

                                                                                                            S/PV.6984


behavioural patterns. We welcome the call by the               rights are rarely integrated into peace agreements or
Group of Eight for urgent action to address impunity           post-conflict support structures.
and to hold perpetrators of sexual violence in armed
                                                                   In conclusion, my delegation urges the Security
conflicts accountable. There can be no sympathy for
                                                               Council to act expeditiously on the information
any person or group of persons who commit sexual
                                                               presented to it. The paramount consideration should be
violence anywhere. My delegation acknowledges the
                                                               that more needs to be done to protect women and girls
important role that the Council plays by encouraging
                                                               and men and boys from the scourge of sexual violence.
the development of joint Government-United Nations
                                                               I support the efforts of the Special Representative of
comprehensive strategies on combating sexual violence.
                                                               the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict.
     We encourage the Special Representative on Sexual
                                                                   The President: I now give the floor to the
Violence in Conflict to work with Governments and
                                                               representative of India.
armed groups to seek their commitment to becoming
accountable in the quest to prevent sexual violence. We            Mr. Mukerji (India): At the outset, I would like to
also support the proposal to deploy women’s protection         thank you, Mr. President, for organizing this important
advisers to United Missions missions, as well as to            open debate on sexual violence in conflict in the
address sexual violence in the context of security             broader context of the discourse on women and peace
sector reform. Furthermore, my delegation supports the         and security. I would also like to thank the Secretaryestablishment of a mechanism to monitor commitments            General, the Special Representative of the Secretaryby parties to a conflict, including issuing clear orders       General on Sexual Violence in Conflict and the other
through the chains of command and enacting codes               briefers who made remarks this morning.
of conduct prohibiting sexual violence. Those who
                                                                    The resolution of conflict situations requires the
have been identified and proved beyond a reasonable
                                                               adoption of a sustainable and holistic approach to
doubt to have perpetrated or condoned acts of sexual
                                                               conflict resolution and the overall reconstruction of
violence should in future be excluded from any security
                                                               impacted societies. In our view, gender equality and
institutions, or from holding positions of influence.
                                                               women’s empowerment are integral to the pursuit of
Specific measures to impose targeted sanctions on
                                                               this objective. The participation of women in peace
those committing or condoning sexual violence should
                                                               processes and post-conflict reconstruction efforts is
be taken against the perpetrators. When the use of
                                                               imperative for laying the foundation for durable peace.
legal mechanisms are insufficient to fight against
                                                               Economic recovery, social cohesion and political
sexual violence in the quest for justice, reforms in the
                                                               legitimacy cannot be achieved without the active
administration of justice and the legislative process
                                                               engagement of women.
may become necessary.
                                                                   Thirteen years ago, resolution 1325 (2000)
     While this debate is mainly addressing issues
                                                               highlighted the disproportionate impact of armed
of sexual violence, we must also focus our attention
                                                               conflict on women and children, and the need for
beyond the realm of conflict periods. However, we are
                                                               effective institutional arrangements to guarantee
concerned about the continued low representation of
                                                               their protection and the full participation of women in
women in all structures and phases of the peacebuilding
                                                               peace processes. That resolution also contained several
processes. In spite of the disproportionate impact of
                                                               detailed recommendations on how to deal with various
conflict on women, they continue to hold their families
                                                               aspects of this issue.
and communities together, often undertaking initiatives
between warring factions under extremely difficult                 As reports made to the Security Council since
conditions. When included in formal peace processes,           resolution 1325 (2000) was adopted show, we have
they bring their experiences to bear on the parties.           not made enough progress on implementing its
It is therefore imperative that they be included at all        recommendations. Take, for example, the peacekeeping
peacebuilding levels.                                          operations mandated by the Security Council. As
                                                               one of the major contributors to United Nations
    It is unfortunate that, more often than not, the efforts
                                                               peacekeeping operations for over six decades, India
of women are insufficiently recognized and supported,
                                                               and its peacekeepers serving under the blue flag have
both politically and financially. As a result, women’s
                                                               also had to deal with this pernicious problem under
                                                               challenging circumstances. Based on our experience


13-3715353

S/PV.6984


on the ground, we are of the view that the Security          beyond such mandates in reports submitted to the
Council must make available the resources required           Council, which can only serve to blur the focus of
to implement the expanded scope of peacekeeping              the Council and which contain the potential to divert
mandates. Specifically, we require greater commitment        much-needed resources away from the task at hand. It is
to the deployment of women’s protection advisers in          critical, therefore, that such reports remain focused on
peacekeeping operations.                                     the situations of armed conflict that are on the agenda
                                                             of the Council, and not stray into so-called “situations
     In resolution 1325 (2000), the Security Council
                                                             of concern” on the basis of sweeping generalizations.
called for greater participation by women in the fieldbased operations of the United Nations in terms of                In conclusion, I would like once again to reaffirm
the deployment of police personnel. We are proud of          India’s commitment to positively contribute to our
the fact that India was the first State Member of the        collective efforts to tackle the crime of sexual violence
United Nations to successfully deploy an all-woman           in situations of armed conflict, in the overall framework
police force as part of the United Nations peacekeeping      of the work of the United Nations on peacebuilding and
operations in Liberia, where sexual violence had been        the prevention and resolution of conflicts.
one of the hallmarks of the conflict. Apart from the
                                                                 The President: I now give the floor to the
effectiveness of the force, which has been acknowledged
                                                             representative of Italy.
by many, we believe that the functioning of such an allwoman force has also sent a strong deterrent message              Mr. Ragaglini (Italy): Allow me to begin by
to those who indulge in the egregious crime of sexual        thanking you, Mr. President, for having organized this
violence in conflict. By deploying women to deal with        open debate of the Security Council. I also wish to
conflict situations, we have demonstrated that we can        thank the speakers for their important and passionate
push forward the goal of empowering women to deal            statements, as well as to reiterate Italy’s full support for
with the crime of sexual violence in conflict and play       the work of the Special Representative of the Secretarya major role in the post-conflict reconstruction of          General on Sexual Violence in Conflict.
traumatized societies. We hope that this example will
                                                                 Italy welcomes the Security Council’s adoption of
encourage others to follow suit.
                                                             resolution 2106 (2013), regarding sexual violence in
    In earlier debates, India drew the attention of the      conflict, which signals the commitment of the Council
Security Council to the impact of so-called militia          to address an issue that is key to international peace
groups on the mandates of United Nations peacekeeping        and security.
operations. As the reports made to the Council since the
                                                                 While Italy aligns itself with the statement to be
adoption of resolution 1325 (2000) show, that impact
                                                             delivered on behalf of the European Union, I wish to
has been felt especially in crimes of sexual violence in
                                                             make the following additional remarks in my national
conflict situations where peacekeeping mandates are in
                                                             capacity.
force.
                                                                 We appreciate the focus of this debate on impunity
    It is in that context that we take the view that
                                                             for crimes of sexual violence. Impunity makes those
national Governments have the primary responsibility
                                                             responsible for crimes confident enough to use sexual
for prosecuting and deterring such crimes in conflict
                                                             violence as a tactic of war. Impunity takes away any
situations on their territories, even if these are alleged
                                                             hope for justice from victims and survivors. Impunity
to have been committed by so-called militia groups. We
                                                             is a stumbling block in rebuilding peaceful societies
believe that national Governments should be assisted
                                                             after conflicts. In order to make a full contribution to
by the United Nations in augmenting their capacities
                                                             our discussion, I will focus on six specific points.
to deal with this issue. That would play a vital role in
ensuring better governance and the stabilization of               First, it is important that the Council be provided
post-conflict situations. The United Nations should          with timely and accurate information. Regular briefings
focus its efforts in this area.                              to the Security Council by the Special Representative of
                                                             the Secretary-General and by UN-Women; enhancing
     We would like to reiterate our principled position
                                                             the United Nations monitoring, analysis and reporting
that debates such as that of today in the Security Council
                                                             mechanism; and the systematic inclusion of women’s
should focus on issues related to mandates specifically
                                                             protection advisers on peacekeeping and political
given by the Council. We would urge caution in going


54                                                                                                             13-37153

                                                                                                            S/PV.6984


missions could strengthen the capacity of the Council           Italy has placed a high priority on the protection
to effectively respond to impunity.                         of women against sexual violence in its human rights
                                                            policy. Last week, the Italian Parliament ratified the
    Secondly, there must be strict implementation of
                                                            Council of Europe convention on preventing and
zero-tolerance policies towards sexual misconduct by
                                                            combating violence against women and domestic
peacekeeping, political and peacebuilding personnel.
                                                            violence. We strongly encourage States to ratify this
Those actors are the face of the United Nations for the
                                                            important instrument. Moreover, the Italian national
people who are plagued by conflict. They must ensure
                                                            action plan on the implementation of resolution 1325
the highest standards of respect for human rights and
                                                            (2000) includes specific provisions addressing sexual
humanitarian law and be accountable for their violation.
                                                            violence in conflict.
    Thirdly, sexual violence should be addressed in
                                                                Finally, Italy will enhance its support for the United
peace agreements. Sexual violence should be included
                                                            Nations Trust Fund in Support of Actions to Eliminate
in the definition of acts prohibited by ceasefires. The
                                                            Violence against Women, which is the global grantprinciple of no amnesty for the perpetrators for crimes
                                                            making mechanism dedicated to addressing violence
of sexual violence should always be respected. The
                                                            against women and girls in all of its forms, including
participation of women in peace negotiations and
                                                            sexual violence.
ceasefires are the best way to ensure that these issues
are not traded off for other agendas.                           To conclude, today we must all send a strong
                                                            message to the perpetrators of sexual violence. They
     Fourthly, national authorities should be supported
                                                            must know that sexual violence is not cost-free. The
in their efforts to fight against impunity. Governments
                                                            more seriously we endeavour to make this message a
have the primary responsibility to protect their
                                                            reality, the closer we will come to finally relegating
populations from sexual violence and to ensure that
                                                            rape in war to history books.
justice is done. The international community must stand
ready to provide technical assistance and capacity-              The President: Before I give the floor to the next
building, and to help strengthen the rule of law. The       speaker, I would like to remind all speakers to follow
United Nations has a key role to play, as proven by the     the example of Italy and limit their statements to no
work done by the Team of Experts on the Rule of Law         more than four minutes in order to enable the Council
and Sexual Violence in Conflict. Peacekeepers shouldd       to carry out its work expeditiously. Delegations with
be trained and tasked with investigating crimes of sexual   lengthy statements are kindly requested to circulate the
violence. Cooperation with civil society organizations,     text in writing and to deliver a condensed version when
particularly those led by women, is also essential.         speaking in the Chamber. The presidency will cut off
                                                            those delegations that speak for significantly more than
     Fifthly, cooperation should be enhanced between
                                                            four minutes.
the Security Council and the International Criminal
Court (ICC), in particular when dealing with cases              I now give the floor to the representative of Bosnia
of sexual violence. The perpetrators of large-scale         and Herzegovina.
sexual violence should never benefit from differences
                                                                 Mrs. Anđelić (Bosnia and Herzegovina): At the
of opinion within the Council on a specific situation.
                                                            outset, I would like to thank the delegation of the United
Well-documented crimes should act as a clear basis for
                                                            Kingdom for organizing this important debate, and we
fast-track referrals by the Council to the ICC.
                                                            welcome the valuable contribution of the Honourable
     Sixthly, and lastly, comprehensive strategies are      Foreign Secretary, Mr. Hague. I also thank the
needed. While we are thoroughly committed to bringing       Secretary-General and the Special Representative of
to justice the perpetrators of sexual violence, we must     the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict,
give equal priority to the health, safety and the dignity   Ms. Bangura, who visited Bosnia and Herzegovina
of survivors. National and international programmes         recently, as well as Ms. Angelina Jolie, Special Envoy
for post-conflict reconstruction must ensure that the       of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees,
needs of victims are met and their voices heard. All        and Ms. Jane Adong Anywar from the Women’s
forms of reparation and redress must follow a victim-       Initiatives for Gender Justice for their statements.
centred approach.



13-3715355

S/PV.6984


    Violence against women is certainly the most            Europe to adopt an action plan aimed at implementation
brutal manifestation of discrimination, and we are          of the aforementioned resolution. The plan was used as
fully committed to addressing all forms of violence         sample document for other countries of the region that
against women and girls, including sexual violence in       drafted similar action plans. In addition, my country
conflict. The protection of women in conflict situations    has also adopted a gender action plan and enacted laws
and ending impunity remain our utmost priorities.           regulating the prevention of violence against women
Sexual violence in armed conflict represents one of         and girls in conflict and post-conflict situations.
the most serious forms of the violation of international
                                                                 Involving women in conflict prevention and
humanitarian law and international human rights law.
                                                            mediation and deploying women’s protection advisers
Furthermore, impunity for sexual violence in conflict
                                                            to United Nations peacekeeping and special political
is unacceptable and cannot be tolerated. Therefore, we
                                                            missions is crucial to building and reinforcing peace.
advocate recognition of the importance of women’s
                                                            We believe that women should play a greater role as
access to justice in conflict and post-conflict settings.
                                                            legitimate partners in international and national efforts
We also believe that more has to be done to address these
                                                            to maintain peace and security, which is fundamental
ongoing crimes, including by permanent opposition to
                                                            for more effective performance on the ground.
the traditional account that sexual violence in armed
                                                            Recruiting women in the civil, military and police
conflict is a cultural phenomenon, an unavoidable
                                                            components of peacekeeping missions can encourage
consequence of war or a less important crime.
                                                            local women to report incidents of sexual violence and
     Bearing all this in mind, we fully support the work    contribute to establishing better communication with
of the United Nations in addressing sexual violence in      local communities. We spare no effort in advancing
armed conflict, particularly the mandates of the Special    this issue and, as result of our commitment the relevant
Representatives of the Secretary-General on Children        authorities of Bosnia and Herzegovina have adopted
and Armed Conflict and Sexual Violence in Conflict,         a policy that one-third of candidates nominated for
and we continue to closely cooperate with them. We          peacekeeping missions must be women.
acknowledge their active advocacy efforts, inter alia
                                                                We are aware of the fact that national Governments
with Governments, in order to address these horrible
                                                            bear the primary legal and moral responsibility for the
crimes.
                                                            protection of civilian populations. In this regard, and
     The Security Council’s recognition of this matter as   with the aim of improving the overall situation of women
a serious concern for international peace and security      who are victims of rape, we are undertaking efforts to
is of great importance for building a solid framework       finalize the drafting of a document entitled “Programme
for preventing and addressing this gruesome tactic          for victims of rape, sexual abuse and torture in Bosnia
of war. Therefore, the Council has a significant role       and Herzegovina for the period 2013-2016”, which will
to play, in accordance with the relevant resolutions,       seek to improve the position of all victims. One of the
particularly in emphasizing the importance of national      goals of the programme emphasizes the obligation of
and international authorities strengthening the rule        the State to provide access to reparations programmes
of law response. All appropriate mechanisms and             for victims of war and the need to provide legal and
procedures for monitoring commitments by parties            psychological support to victims and/or witnesses in
in conflict should be supported by the Council. Also,       court proceedings and after them.
United Nations officials should be more engaged in
                                                                We recognize the positive steps in holding
dialogue with States and other stakeholders who may
                                                            perpetrators to account at all levels. However, we
exert influence to elicit such commitments.
                                                            believe that greater efforts need to be undertaken in this
    At this point, I would like to elaborate on the         regard, including through the work of the International
achievements of my country in this regard.                  Criminal Court, the ad hoc tribunals and the national
                                                            tribunals.
    Bosnia and Herzegovina is committed to promoting
the role of women in peace and security through the             Finally, we would like to point out that the
implementation of resolution 1325 (2000) and related        international community must continue to work on
resolutions. To illustrate our genuine commitment           strengthening United Nations efforts to address sexual
in this regard, we need to point out that Bosnia and        violence in armed conflict, and Bosnia and Herzegovina
Herzegovina was the first country in South-East             stands ready to contribute to those efforts.


56                                                                                                          13-37153

                                                                                                             S/PV.6984


    The President: I now give the floor to the               peacebuilding. My delegation is of the view that women
representative of Malaysia.                                  should not just be seen as victims, but as central to all
                                                             efforts to end this global phenomenon. It is crucial
     Mr. Abdullah (Malaysia): At the outset, I wish to
                                                             to bring women into peace processes. They must be
congratulate you, Sir, on assuming the presidency of
                                                             active participants in all efforts to combat this horrific
the Security Council for this month. I also wish to thank
                                                             phenomenon.
you for convening this open debate on the important
issue of women and peace and security. I would like               We consider the routine deployment of women’s
to thank the Secretary-General for his remarks and           protection advisers as crucial in addressing sexual
Ms. Zainab Hawa Bangura, Special Representative of           violence. At present, only eight such advisers have been
the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict;        deployed in the United Nations Mission in the Republic
Ms. Angelina Jolie, Special Envoy of the United Nations      of South Sudan. It is therefore encouraging to learn that
High Commissioner for Refugees; and Ms. Jane Adong           more are being recruited for the United Nations missions
Anywar of the Women’s Initiatives for Gender Justice,        in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Côte d’Ivoire
for their invaluable briefings on the issue.                 and the Central African Republic. Malaysia supports
                                                             appointing more women’s protection advisers, as the
    Malaysia is deeply concerned about the effect of
                                                             positive value they bring in creating greater awareness
sexual violence — the physical, psychological and
                                                             about sexual violence issues, reporting incidents of
emotional terror and trauma that it creates for women
                                                             sexual violence and implementing Security Council
and girls. We strongly condemn acts of sexual violence
                                                             resolutions on the ground cannot be overstated.
against women and girls and underline the need for
a deeper examination of the emerging incidence of                In that context, we welcome today’s adoption
sexual violence perpetrated against male victims and         of resolution 2106 (2013) on the issue discussed. My
the plight of children born as a result of rape and the      delegation hopes that there will be sufficient impetus
practice of forced marriages by armed groups.                for the actual realization of the relevant resolutions,
                                                             including the landmark resolution 1325 (2000), to
     Without a doubt, ending impunity is critical in
                                                             increase women’s participation in the area of peace and
ending sexual violence, whether it is committed by
                                                             security. We should also seriously consider appointing
individuals, groups or States. Nonetheless, Member
                                                             more women to senior positions in United Nations
States bear the primary legal and moral responsibility
                                                             missions, lest we be accused of ignoring experienced
for the protection of their civilian populations. Malaysia
                                                             and potential women leaders in the security and defence
therefore welcomes the continuous work of the United
                                                             sectors.
Nations and other stakeholders, including the Team of
Experts on the Rule of Law and Sexual Violence in                Malaysia reaffirms its strong commitment to the
Conflict, which focuses its efforts on strengthening the     efforts to address sexual violence in conflict and postcapacity of national rule of law and justice actors. We      conflict situations. We strongly believe that the subject
feel that its engagement with relevant Governments will      of women and peace and security deserves the Security
strengthen the latter’s capacity to effectively address      Council’s sustained attention. In that regard, the
sexual violence against women and girls.                     Council can be assured of our continuous engagement
                                                             and unrelenting support for the advancement of the
     In our effort to secure peace and security, we must
                                                             issue in our pursuit of achieving peace and security at
move urgently to replace the prevailing culture of
                                                             the national, regional and international levels.
impunity with one of deterrence that promotes the need
for the rule of law, justice and accountability. Malaysia        The President: I now give the floor to His
views accountability as a duty of Member States under        Excellency Mr. Ioannis Vrailas, Deputy Head of the
both domestic and international law. The national            Delegation of the European Union to the United Nations.
system in that regard should be steered towards meeting
                                                                 Mr. Vrailas: I speak on behalf of the European
international standards in ensuring accountability and
                                                             Union (EU) and its member States. Croatia, Turkey, the
justice. The perpetrators of crimes of sexual violence
                                                             former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Montenegro,
should never go unpunished.
                                                             Serbia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Ukraine and
    Malaysia believes that the equal, full and active        Georgia align themselves with this statement, the full
participation of women is key to peacekeeping and            version of which is being circulated in the Chamber.


13-3715357

S/PV.6984


     I thank the Secretary-General, the Special              as they lay the foundation for future institution-building
Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual            and political and legal reforms.
Violence in Conflict, the representative on Women’s
                                                                 There is a need to ensure the availability of
Initiatives for Gender Justice and the Special Envoy of
                                                             reparations as a form of transitional gender justice, as
the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for
                                                             well as accessible services, including health, education,
Refugees for their statements delivered earlier today.
                                                             psychosocial, legal and economic support.
    Today’s debate addresses the root cause of recurring
                                                                 We must raise awareness and combat the
and pervasive sexual violence in conflict — the often
                                                             normalization of sexual violence, including beyond
predominant culture of impunity that allows these
                                                             the end of the conflict, to counter stigmatization,
crimes to go unrecorded, unpunished and, at worst,
                                                             shame and fear of social exclusion, which perpetuate
tolerated by the community. We cannot combat sexual
                                                             the underreporting of sexual violence. We continue to
violence and ensure effective conflict resolution and
                                                             underline the importance of the continued deployment
peacebuilding without tackling this gap at all levels.
                                                             of women’s and child protection advisers.
Such actions must include the following.
                                                                 The European Union continues to implement its
    With regard to ensuring adequate information, factdedicated policy on women and peace and security, as
finding and documentation, sexual violence in conflict
                                                             well as to support initiatives to strengthen international
remains universally underreported. Inter alia, that is the
                                                             criminal justice and the rule of law. The EU now has
result of the threats faced by those who come forward
                                                             gender advisers and/or human rights focal points in
to report this crime. We reiterate the need to take all
                                                             each of its crisis management missions and operations.
measures for the protection of survivors, human rights
                                                             The EU supports the swift deployment of human
defenders and journalists, who contribute to collecting
                                                             rights observers in Mali by the African Union and the
information on sexual violence.
                                                             United Nations and provides financial support for the
    With regard to ensuring the prosecution of               deployment of observers. The EU training mission in
crimes of sexual violence and punishing perpetrators         Mali includes training on gender and human rights for
of crimes against women and girls under national             the Malian armed forces.
and international law, we emphasize the significant
                                                                 We continue to support the work of the Special
advancement in international law made by the Rome
                                                             Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual
Statute of the International Criminal Court (ICC),
                                                             Violence in Conflict and of the Team of Experts on
which includes sexual violence in the definition of
                                                             the Rule of Law and Sexual Violence in Conflict.
crimes, in particular as a crime against humanity,
                                                             We welcome the report of the Secretary-General
and note that the ICC, as well as the non-permanent
                                                             (S/2013/335) and the recommendations contained
International Criminal Tribunals, continue to be
                                                             therein. We also welcome the Council’s adoption of
important mechanisms in combating sexual violence
                                                             resolution 2106 (2013) today as an expression of the
in conflict. We furthermore acknowledge the national
                                                             Council’s continued determination to keep this issue
efforts to implement the Rome Statute. The crimes
                                                             under close scrutiny.
of sexual violence must be excluded from amnesty
provisions in conflict-resolution processes. We support          The President: I now give the floor to the
the continued application of targeted and graduated          representative of Ireland.
measures by the relevant Security Council Sanctions
                                                                Mr. Kelly (Ireland): I want to thank the United
Committees aimed at perpetrators of sexual violence
                                                             Kingdom for its leadership on this important issue. We
in conflict, as well as other measures at its disposal
                                                             were pleased to sponsor resolution 2106 (2013).
including referrals to the ICC and steps towards the
systematic monitoring of commitments by parties to               Ireland aligns itself with the statement just made by
conflict under resolution 1960 (2010).                       the observer of the European Union.
    With regard to ensuring women’s leadership and the           Significant progress has been made across the
participation of women in peace processes and conflict       women and peace and security agenda, with a steady
resolution, those processes should also recognize            spotlight now being shone on rape and other forms
explicitly the need to address crimes of sexual violence,    of sexual violence in conflict. But progress has been
                                                             uneven and inadequate.


58                                                                                                           13-37153

                                                                                                         S/PV.6984


      The Secretary-General’s most recent report           potential that is African women. Lina Zedriga, a civil
(S/2013/335) makes a series of further useful              society leader for Uganda, offered powerful personal
recommendations, but we are disappointed to see            testimony and called for women to be given the
little evidence of progress regarding the very first       opportunity to speak for themselves, saying “We are
recommendation, that is, that the Security Council         not victims; we are stakeholders”.
should identify ways to target suspected perpetrators
                                                               In support of Mary Robinson, Lina Zedriga and
with sanctions and other measures in countries where
                                                           women’s leaders like her from the region intend to join
no sanctions regime applies. Council members should
                                                           forces to change the national political calculus. They
also ask themselves whether the maximum pressure
                                                           aim to encourage and pressure national political leaders
possible is being applied to the 32 parties named and
                                                           to take ownership of the issue of sexual violence and
shamed in the annex to the Secretary-General’s March
                                                           to implement the full range of commitments they
report (S/2013/149).
                                                           have made under the Peace, Security and Cooperation
    Despite the broad range of activities and efforts      Framework. To help kick-start the process of engaging
under way, the scourge of sexual violence remains          women, Ireland is pleased to co-fund an event in
pervasive in many conflict and post-conflict situations.   Bujumbura next month organized by Femmes Africa
How does impunity for those crimes persist? What           Solidarité.
explains the reluctance to take decisive action to
                                                                While the greatest potential for change lies at the
address that impunity — to send a definitive signal that
                                                           national level, we must all assume more responsibility
sexual violence will no longer be tolerated?
                                                           and do so with a keener sense of urgency. For our part,
    The Secretary-General and Special Representative       Ireland recently published an independent mid-term
Bangura have long emphasized that a radical challenge      progress report on implementation of our national
to impunity can only be delivered at the national level.   action plan, based on resolution 1325 (2000). We are
The real imperative in that regard is the assumption by    one of a very small number of countries to publicly
national political leaders of ownership of this agenda.    share the lessons we have identified — where we have
                                                           done well and where we need to improve. We hope
    While there has been a welcome shift towards
                                                           that other States will benefit from the report, which
acknowledging conflict-related sexual violence as
                                                           is available on our website. We will focus, too, on
an issue of peace and security, rather than viewing it
                                                           preventing and responding to gender-based violence in
simply as a women’s issue, it is undeniable that sexual
                                                           the immediate aftermath of humanitarian emergencies,
violence touches women and affects women far more
                                                           including through a roundtable on 28 June in Brussels
profoundly than men. It is therefore appropriate that
                                                           that Ireland, as current President of the Council of the
women take the lead in driving the necessary national
                                                           European Union, will co-host.
political change.
                                                               As Zainab Bangura pointed out, it is still largely
     The Democratic Republic of the Congo and
                                                           cost-free to rape a woman, child or man in conflict, and
the Great Lakes region, which might be considered
                                                           sexual violence is used so widely precisely because it
the cockpit of conflict-related sexual violence, is a
                                                           is “such a cheap and devastating weapon”. Although
case in point. On 4 June, the Permanent Mission of
                                                           there are many worthwhile initiatives being pursued to
Ireland convened a high-level panel discussion on
                                                           combat sexual violence, they are not enough.
women and peacebuilding in the Great Lakes region.
A report on the event is available on our website. At          At the Security Council debate last week
the event, Special Envoy Mary Robinson explored            (S/PV.6980), the Special Representative of the
the opportunities provided by the Peace, Security and      Secretary-General on Children and Armed Conflict
Cooperation Framework for the Democratic Republic          announced the launch of a campaign to galvanize
of the Congo and the Region. In particular, she            concerned Governments, interested Member States and
highlighted the importance of bringing together women      the United Nations system to end the recruitment and
civil society leaders as part of a regional platform for   use of children by State forces in armed conflict by
peace. At the panel discussion, Special Representative     2016. Do we dare to challenge ourselves in a similar
Bangura described the Peace, Security and Cooperation      fashion and to raise the level of our ambition?
Framework as a new opportunity to tap into the vast



13-3715359

S/PV.6984


    The President: I now give the floor to the                rather than upholding it. The death of innocent unborn
Permanent Observer of the Observer State of the Holy          children only visits further violence on women already
See to the United Nations.                                    in difficulty.
     Archbishop Chullikatt: At the outset, Mr. President,          Through its institutions, particularly female
allow me to join other delegations in congratulating you,     religious institutions, the Catholic Church is firmly
Sir, and the United Kingdom delegation on presiding           committed to compassionate outreach to victims, to
over the work of the Security Council this month.             alleviating their sufferings and accompanying them as
Today’s discussion provides a welcome opportunity for         far as possible on the way to recovery and rehabilitation,
the wider membership to collaborate on the means to           and to resuming their own lives in freedom and dignity.
end the ongoing proliferation of sexual violence.             We hope that future discussions of the issue will remain
                                                              focused on the topic under discussion in a holistic
     The Holy See, while operating within the family
                                                              manner, rather than being diverted towards promoting
of nations, constantly strives to promote peace,
                                                              political or ideological agendas that serve only to harm
security and the rule of law as a base for enhancing
                                                              human dignity and are already under discussion in
development, freedom and the dignity of all peoples
                                                              other United Nations forums.
and each person, from conception to natural death.
While firmly opposing recourse to armed conflict as               Secondly, respect for the rights of victims and
a means of resolving international or national disputes,      offenders requires that penal processes be guided
the Holy See recognizes the tragic and sad evidence           by a meticulous search for truth and conducted in a
that, in many parts of the world, war is still an appalling   timely manner. Those accused must be able to defend
reality.                                                      themselves, and judges given the independence
                                                              necessary to enable them to avoid ruling for reasons
    The international community as a whole and this
                                                              other than justice itself. Public pronouncements of
body in particular have a grave responsibility for the
                                                              guilt by the media or political groups, at the national
maintenance of international peace and security and,
                                                              or international level, before tribunals reach their
where conflict occurs, finding the means for restoring
                                                              decisions, can seriously hamper our collective efforts
a peace based on justice and solidarity.
                                                              to combat the scourge of sexual violence.
    Within that framework, the Holy See appreciates
                                                                  Thirdly, in recognition of the principle of
the Security Council’s commitment to enhancing
                                                              complementarity, international tribunals must support
international awareness of — and the resolve to
                                                              the role of national systems as the primary authority
address — the victimization of women and girls, as
                                                              in holding individuals accountable. To that end, States
well as men and boys, by the heinous acts of sexual
                                                              must be provided with the necessary technical and
violence so often found in situations of armed conflict.
                                                              legislative resources for addressing sexual violence in
A just response to sexual violence must be motivated
                                                              conflict settings and for upholding humanitarian law
not by revenge, which would simply perpetuate a chain
                                                              and internationally agreed human rights standards.
of hatred, but must rather seek to build the common
                                                              Such respect for national authorities helps to restore
good. That responsibility demands that perpetrators
                                                              trust in national and local judicial systems and enables
be held accountable for their actions in order to deter
                                                              victims and affected communities to participate more
future violence, while at the same time repairing the
                                                              fully. It is only when such national systems prove
damage done to victims and the community as a whole
                                                              unable or unwilling to shoulder their responsibility to
by providing the necessary reparations, support and
                                                              defend innocent victims and the common good that the
care, in recognition of their human dignity and worth.
                                                              international community has an obligation to intervene
    A truly human-centred approach to providing               to protect victims and safeguard human dignity.
assistance to victims and their communities includes
                                                                    That obligation does not fall on States alone;
respect for life at all stages of development. In that
                                                              international organizations such as the United Nations
regard, we regret that resolution 2106 (2013), adopted
                                                              must also adhere to it. This is particularly important in
today, bypasses that noble concept and instead seeks to
                                                              the area of peacekeeping operations, so that those sent
promote a potentially destructive notion of health care
                                                              to protect people from violence do not become a source
under the banner of sexual and reproductive health,
                                                              of it themselves. In that regard, my delegation welcomes
which too often is used as a justification for taking life
                                                              the measures outlined by the Secretary-General in his


60                                                                                                            13-37153

                                                                                                              S/PV.6984


report on “Special measures for protection from sexual       supported by New Zealand and all the Pacific small
exploitation and sexual abuse” (A/65/742).                   island developing States, was deployed to the Solomon
                                                             Islands. The mission, which included military, police
     I would like to thank you once again, Mr. President,
                                                             and civilian components, undertook peacekeeping,
for convening this meeting and focusing our discussion
                                                             peacebuilding and peacemaking initiatives. One of its
on such an important topic.
                                                             roles was to strengthen the country’s security apparatus
    The President: I now give the floor to the               and address gaps in the system, including regional
representative of the Solomon Islands.                       support for strengthening the rule of law, such as
                                                             institutional training of police and corrections officers
    Mr. Beck (Solomon Islands): I would like to thank
                                                             and building court infrastructure and police stations
the United Kingdom for its ongoing leadership on the
                                                             all over the country. That support has enabled the
issue of women and peace and security. I also commend
                                                             Solomon Islands to conduct a strong campaign aimed
you, Mr. President, for convening this open debate of
                                                             at protecting victims and dealing with perpetrators of
the Council on sexual violence in conflict.
                                                             gender violence, while working with all the relevant
    The Solomon Islands agrees that sexual violence is       stakeholders. We have a policy in place and are now
widespread in conflicts and is often used as a tool to       holding consultations on a draft bill on gender violence
deliberately humiliate opponents. A number of Council        that we hope will address our high rates of gender
resolutions speak to that, particularly resolutions          violence.
1820 (2008), 1888 (2009) and 1960 (2010), as well as
                                                                  I would like to say that the regional assistance
resolution 1325 (2000). It is also correct to say that
                                                             mission is now in a transitional phase. After 10 years
the vast majority of victims and survivors of sexual
                                                             of its regional partnership with a post-conflict country
violence do not see justice come their way.
                                                             such as ours, our economy has grown and stability has
    Turning to the purposes of this debate — to examine      been maintained. The mission’s military component
the mechanisms and processes by which countries              will be withdrawn this year. The regional Pacific police
have dealt with the victims and survivors of sexual          force will shift into more of an advisory role, and other
violence — I would like to share some of the experience      components of the partnership will slowly be absorbed
of the Solomon Islands in dealing with victims of            into bilateral assistance with various partners.
sexual violence during and after a period of conflict.
                                                                  The role of UN-Women in combating sexual
The Solomon Islands went through an ethnic conflict
                                                             violence remains important, but its task in the Pacific
between 1998 and 2000. In 2009, with the support of the
                                                             is challenging. It has one inter-country office managing
United Nations, and particularly of Australia, currently
                                                             13 countries. We continue to push for it to establish
a member of the Security Council, the Solomon Islands
                                                             itself in more countries in the region.
established a Truth and Reconciliation Commission.
The Commission provided a mechanism for the                       Finally, to answer the question posed in the concept
victims’ stories to be heard and for efforts to be made to   paper (S/2013/335, annex) — yes, the Solomon Islands
restore the dignity of survivors of that ethnic conflict,    and the Pacific have a story to tell and a model that tries
including those who had been sexually violated, with the     to address the issue of sexual violence comprehensively
Commission listening in compassion and respect and           through regional cooperation. I would like to close
providing a space for expression in a traditional society    by stating that sustainable peace and stability can
where shame and humiliation often prevent victims            be achieved only through embracing all three pillars
from coming forward. The Commission, established             of sustainable development, and by addressing the
by law in the Solomon Islands, has since presented its       security threats connected to climate change by calling
findings and recommendations to my Government.               for stronger mitigation targets to avoid the possibility
                                                             that the world will reach a point of no return. Failing
    Secondly, while primary responsibility in this
                                                             that, the threats we see today will continue to increase
area lies with States, I would like to underscore that
                                                             as States’ capacity to respond will become more
in 2003, at the invitation of the Government of the
                                                             challenging.
Solomon Islands, a regional assistance mission, as
provided for under Chapter VIII of the Charter of the            The President: I now give the floor to the
United Nations, and led by Australia and strongly            representative of Qatar.



13-3715361

S/PV.6984


     Mr. Al-Thani (Qatar) (spoke in Arabic): Allow me        conflict has led to the displacement of populations
at the outset to congratulate you, Sir, on assuming the      and to increased security risks faced by refugees and
presidency of the Security Council for this month, and       internally displaced persons (IDPs), including the risk
to thank the United Kingdom delegation, especially           of sexual violence. It is clear that our Arab region is
His Excellency Mr. William Hague, Secretary of State         not immune to the dangers posed by armed conflict
for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, for presiding          and its devastating effects on civilians, irrespective of
over this meeting. It is an important opportunity to         their social group or whether they are men, women or
strengthen the Council’s efforts on sexual violence          children.
in conflict situations, and to highlight the challenges
                                                                  We are deeply concerned by acts of violence that
faced by States in conflict and post-conflict situations
                                                             include kidnapping, rape and sexual violence in the
in addressing that crime.
                                                             context of armed conflict. Women bear the brunt of
    I also thank the Secretary-General and his Special       such acts, which constitute human rights violations.
Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict for their      In our Arab region, as one of the most prominent
valuable briefings and their eagerness to participate in     examples of this phenomenon is that women in the
the meeting.                                                 sisterly country of Syria, who have not been spared by
                                                             the brutal onslaught being waged against the Syrian
     The latest report of the Secretary-General, entitled
                                                             people by their own regime, which has adopted a
“Sexual violence in conflict” (S/2013/149), contains
                                                             repressive military solution in addressing the demands
many recommendations and significant information. In
                                                             of the people.
the report, he stresses that the lack of adequate national
capacity and expertise to investigate and prosecute              In that context, women constitute the majority
acts of sexual violence has remained one of the main         of Syrian IDPs and refugees. The regime’s officials,
impediments to ensuring accountability for related           security apparatus, loyalists and thugs subject them to
crimes. He also indicates that Member States bear the        discrimination, physical and sexual assault, violations
primary legal and moral responsibility for preventing        of their right to privacy, arbitrary arrest and detention
and addressing conflict-related sexual violence, and         as a means of forcing their male relatives to turn
reiterates the need for national ownership, leadership       themselves in. Such acts amount to war crimes and
and responsibility in that context.                          crimes against humanity and their perpetrators must
                                                             be held accountable. The Secretary-General stresses
     We cannot consider the issue of women, peace and
                                                             in his report that in Syria, such acts constitute the
security without addressing the root causes of their
                                                             main reasons why women and girls have fled conflictsuffering and insecurity. Consequently, improving
                                                             affected cities, including the high level of insecurity
women’s protection is not merely a humanitarian
                                                             and access constraints.
task, but one that requires focused efforts in several
areas — first and foremost, the enforcement of the               I reiterate the State of Qatar’s support for all efforts
laws necessary to protect them in armed conflict,            aimed at strengthening the rule of law and preventing
without discrimination or selectivity, and calling upon      and responding to sexual violence in conflict situations.
all parties to the conflict to take special measures to      I also stress the importance of continuing to fight
protect women and girls from gender-based violence           the impunity that hampers access by victims of such
during the conflict.                                         crimes to justice, security and safety. To be sure, the
                                                             prosecution and trial of the perpetrators of sexual
     In that context, I reiterate the importance
                                                             violence are key steps contributing to strengthened
of ensuring access to health care, social support
                                                             efforts to prevent sexual violence and protect women
services and justice for victims of sexual violence in
                                                             and girls.
conflict-affected areas. I also note the importance of
strengthening cooperation among humanitarian actors,             In conclusion, the ongoing global interest in the role
exchanging experiences and lessons learned, as well as       of women in peace and security, and the improvement
initiatives to prevent sexual violence in conflict.          we are witnessing in their participation in policy efforts
                                                             to prevent and resolve conflicts will have real and
    It is sad that today, even as we speak, many people
                                                             positive impacts on peace and security and will shape
in various countries of the world are being subjected
                                                             the typical disastrous outcomes in various conflict
to acts of sexual violence. In those countries, ongoing
                                                             regions throughout the world.


62                                                                                                             13-37153

                                                                                                             S/PV.6984


    The President: I now give the floor to the               2009; the Human Trafficking and Transportation
representative of Nepal.                                     (Control) Act, 2007; the Gender-Based Violence Act,
                                                             2010; the National Plan of Action against Trafficking in
     Mrs.   Adhikari     (Nepal):   My    delegation
                                                             Women and Children, 2012; the National Commission
wishes to express its sincere appreciation to you,
                                                             on Women Act, 2006; and other national laws provide
Mr. President, for organizing this important debate.
                                                             the measures necessary to address violence against
My delegation expresses its profound gratitude to
                                                             women and girls. Moreover, there is a sustained effort
Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon; Ms. Zainab Hawa
                                                             to review laws that discriminate against women.
Bangura, Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict; Ms. Angelina              Nepal is the first South Asian country to develop
Jolie, Special Envoy of the United Nations High              a national plan of action on resolutions 1325 (2000)
Commissioner for Refugees; and Ms. Jane Adong                and 1820 (2008). Increasing the participation of women
Anywar for their remarks.                                    in decision-making, protecting women and girls from
                                                             sexual and gender-based violence and ending impunity
    Sexual and gender-based violence in situations of
                                                             are the topmost priorities set forth in our plan. We have
armed conflict not only affects the dignity and honour
                                                             a zero-tolerance policy against gender-based violence.
of the victims, but also leaves negative impacts on
families, communities and societies. The report of the           The Government of Nepal has never reneged on
Secretary-General to the Security Council (S/2013/149)       its commitment to prosecute cases involving grave
depicts the pervasiveness of sexual violence and its         violations of human rights and to end impunity
interconnection with the maintenance of international        through the establishment of transitional justice
peace and security.                                          mechanisms. We are fully conscious of fulfilling our
                                                             international obligations and national commitments,
    After the signing of the Comprehensive Peace
                                                             and we are enacting laws to establish transitional justice
Accord in 2006, the Government of Nepal has traversed
                                                             mechanisms. Our 2013 ordinance on the investigation of
a long path towards empowering women. The interim
                                                             disappeared persons and on the truth and reconciliation
Constitution of Nepal 2007 has ensured the maximum
                                                             commission is currently being examined by the
participation of women in decision-making positions in
                                                             Supreme Court, and is therefore sub judice.
all walks of national life, from grassroots to national
levels. Peace committees at the district level play a            In conclusion, I want to reiterate that the
very important role in managing post-conflict issues,        international community has to play an important
including one-third representation by women. Nepal is        role in ending all forms of violence against women,
committed to increasing the number of women in the           including sexual violence in conflict and post-conflict
Nepal army and police and United Nations peacekeeping        situations. Nepal stands firmly committed to ensuring
operations in order to make them more inclusive.             the full protection of women’s rights and preventing
                                                             sexual violence and all other forms of violations of
    Protecting and promoting the rights of the people
                                                             human rights. We look forward to working more closely
and ensuring inclusive development is at the core of
                                                             with the international community in the days ahead.
our efforts to build a peaceful and prosperous Nepal.
We are fully committed to preventing all forms of                The President: I now give the floor to the
violence against women, including sexual violence.           representative of Botswana.
Nepal is a State party to seven core international
                                                                 Mr. Nkoloi (Botswana): We congratulate you,
human rights instruments, including the Convention on
                                                             Mr. President, on your assumption of the presidency
the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against
                                                             of the Security Council for the month of June, as well
Women and the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
                                                             as for convening this thematic debate. We also thank
The independent judicial system and the National
                                                             the Secretary-General and his Special Representative,
Human Rights Commission — a constitutional human
                                                             Ms. Zainab Bangura, and the other speakers for their
rights watchdog body — are playing a prominent role in
                                                             briefings this morning.
safeguarding the rights of the people.
                                                                 We begin by reaffirming the importance that
    Nepal strongly believes that there can be no peace
                                                             Botswana attaches to the protection and promotion
and security if violence against women and girls persists.
                                                             of the rights of women and children, as well as our
The Domestic Violence (Crime and Punishment) Act,


13-3715363

S/PV.6984


commitment to address all forms of violence against                To that end, I wish to express the support of my
women, including sexual violence.                              delegation for the work of UN-Women, as well as
                                                               the mandates of the Secretary-General’s Special
     Sexual violence in armed conflict represents one of
                                                               Representatives on Sexual Violence in Conflict and on
the most heinous violations or abuses of international
                                                               Children and Armed Conflict. While also recognizing
humanitarian law and international human rights law.
                                                               the existing normative framework established under
The prevention of sexual violence in armed conflict is
                                                               various Security Council resolutions, including
therefore a matter both of upholding universal human
                                                               resolution 1261 (1999), 1325 (2000) and other subsequent
rights and of maintaining international security, in
                                                               resolutions on women and peace and security and on
keeping with relevant Security Council resolutions. In
                                                               children and armed conflict, Botswana shares the
that regard, Botswana welcomes the continued focus
                                                               belief that efforts to address sexual violence in conflict
by the Council on this thematic debate and wishes to
                                                               should be consistent with, and complementary to, wider
reiterate the importance of increased and more systemic
                                                               United Nations efforts. In that regard, we also wish to
attention to the women and peace and security agenda
                                                               underline that greater coordination and collaboration
in the Council’s own work.
                                                               with all the relevant stakeholders is essential to
     We remain deeply concerned that, despite repeated         strengthening global efforts to address sexual violence.
condemnations by the international community
                                                                   Botswana believes that efforts to end sexual
of sexual violence in conflict situations, such acts
                                                               violence must also promote women’s active and equal
continue to occur, and in some situations have even
                                                               participation in conflict prevention, conflict resolution,
become systematic and widespread, with women and
                                                               transitional justice and security sector reform processes.
children constituting the majority of those adversely
                                                               In that regard, we strongly support the involvement
affected by armed conflict. We call on all perpetrators
                                                               of women in peace negotiations, peacebuilding and
of such heinous acts to find it in their hearts to stop such
                                                               conflict prevention.
crimes. Sexual violence in the name of armed conflict
contravenes human rights. It goes against human nature             With regard to women’s access to justice, we call
and against humankind.                                         on States to take practical steps to address obstacles
                                                               in women’s access to justice, including by creating an
     In that regard, I wish to state categorically that
                                                               enabling environment where women can easily report
impunity for sexual violence, including by armed
                                                               incidents of violence without fear or intimidation.
groups, is unacceptable and can never be tolerated.
                                                               Furthermore, we urge all States to strengthen the
To that end, my delegation wishes to underscore the
                                                               capacity of national criminal justice systems to serve
importance of ending impunity for such acts as part of a
                                                               victims with dignity.
comprehensive approach to seeking sustainable peace,
justice and security. Regrettably, a lack of accountability        With regard to the engagement of all segments of
tends to reinforce the social normalization of, and            society to combat sexual violence, our belief is that men
tolerance for, sexual violence. We therefore recognize         and boys must be socialized and engaged as partners
the need for enhanced political will and commitment to         to create a culture of peace, tolerance and respect for
prevent these crimes by promoting and protecting the           women. That includes ending the stigmatization of
rights of women and children.                                  victims and instilling a change of attitude and behaviour
                                                               in men and boys.
    While we remain convinced that more needs be
done to address such ongoing atrocities, my delegation             Botswana therefore pledges to work with the
also wishes to emphasise the responsibility of States to       international community as it seeks to find ways to stop
comply with their relevant obligations to end impunity,        violence against women and children in the context
and to effectively use all available means to enforce          of conflict. We welcome the Council’s unanimous
accountability by prosecuting all perpetrators of such         adoption this morning of a new resolution on women and
crimes. Botswana recognises the important role of              peace and security (resolution 2106 (2013)). We remain
the United Nations system in addressing violence               optimistic that, given our collective will, especially in
against women and children at the global, regional and         the Security Council, we will end such shameful crimes
national levels, and in assisting States in their efforts      against humanity.
to eliminate and prevent all forms of violence against
women and children.


64                                                                                                             13-37153

                                                                                                            S/PV.6984


    The President: I now give the floor to the              although it will be reviewed periodically to set new
representative of Uganda.                                   priorities based on experiences on the ground during
                                                            implementation.
     Mr. Nduhuura (Uganda): I thank you, Mr. President,
for having organized this open debate on women and              We would like to stress the need for all parties to
peace and security with a focus on sexual violence in       armed conflict to enforce the prohibition against sexual
conflict. I would like to convey our appreciation to        violence through their chains of command and to ensure
United Kingdom Foreign Secretary William Hague,             that alleged abuses are investigated promptly and that
the Special Representative of the Secretary-General         perpetrators held accountable.
on Sexual Violence in Conflict, Ms. Zainab Bangura,
                                                                Uganda strongly supports more active participation
and Ms. Jane Adong Anywar of Uganda, who spoke on
                                                            and involvement by women in addressing the concerns
behalf of the Women’s Initiatives for Gender Justice,
                                                            raised by sexual violence in conflict, post-conflict
for their insightful statements.
                                                            situations and peacebuilding, in particular in processes
     We welcome the continuous efforts by the               such as security sector and justice sector reform. We are
international community to highlight the urgent need        convinced that sexual violence can be more effectively
for effective measures and action to prevent, combat        combated through the strengthening of national
and eradicate the scourge of sexual violence in conflict.   judicial systems, including by revising discriminatory
While significant progress has been made through            laws, simplifying procedures for lodging complaints
concerted efforts at all levels, including by the United    and providing free legal services to victims. We
Nations Action against Sexual Violence and by UN-           also recognize the importance of providing timely
Women, there is no doubt that a lot more remains to be      assistance, including health services, and supporting
done, especially in preventing and responding to sexual     the livelihoods of victims and survivors of sexual
violence in conflict. My delegation therefore calls for     violence.
an intensification of efforts to ensure compliance with
                                                                 United Nations peacekeepers and those of regional
the obligations to prosecute perpetrators, end impunity
                                                            organizations authorized by the United Nations have a
and provide equal protection and access to justice for
                                                            key role to play in preventing sexual violence in conflict
all victims of sexual violence, particularly women and
                                                            situations by practicing zero tolerance within their
girls.
                                                            ranks and protecting vulnerable populations. There is
     The Government of Uganda has taken a                   no doubt that increasing the number of women recruited
comprehensive approach aimed at enhancing women’s           and deployed in peacekeeping operations would make
empowerment, enhancing their participation and              a significant contribution to addressing the problem of
involvement in the promotion of peace and security, in      sexual violence in conflict.
conflict-prevention and resolution, in eradicating sexual
                                                                 In conclusion, we must redouble our efforts and
violence and in ending impunity. We are committed to
                                                            sustain the momentum in the fight against sexual
the implementation of the relevant instruments.
                                                            violence at the national, regional and international
    In 2008, Uganda developed a national action plan        levels, using a multi-pronged approach and utilizing
based on resolutions 1325 (2000) and 1820 (2008) and        all of the tools at our disposal. We therefore welcome
the Goma Declaration on Eradicating Sexual Violence         the adoption of resolution 2106 (2013) by the Security
and Ending Impunity in the Great Lakes Region               Council today as one of the ways of advancing further
(2008), which complements other national, regional          action towards eradicating sexual violence in conflict
and international policy and legal frameworks to which      situations.
Uganda is a party. The national action plan gave renewed
                                                                The President: I now give the floor to the
impetus and resolve in Uganda’s efforts toward’s the
                                                            representative of Armenia.
recognition and advancement of women’s rights and
the campaign to eradicate sexual violence. The plan              Mr. Nazarian (Armenia): We welcome your
was revised in 2011 to take into account the lessons        initiative, Mr. President, in convening this debate on
learned during its implementation, including the need       an issue that has gained strong public and political
to make indicators more streamlined and succinct for        acknowledgement. I also thank the Secretary-General
better monitoring and reporting. The revised plan will      and the Special Representative of the Secretaryserve as a guide to all implementing actors until 2015,     General on Sexual Violence in Conflict, Ms. Zainab


13-3715365

S/PV.6984


Bangura, as well as the Special Envoy of the Office of       conflict. In addition to the physical damage it causes,
the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees            sexual violence often leaves other forms of lasting
and the representative of the Women’s Initiatives for        harm and stigma.
Gender Justice.
                                                                 However, we cannot address sexual violence simply
     We continue to witness a disturbing increase            by naming and punishing offenders. More fundamental
in the trend to use sexual violence as a political and       changes are needed at the institutional and societal
military tool, the effects of which are grave and long-      levels. In that context, sexual violence against women
lasting, often alienating entire groups, communities         will never be adequately addressed without focusing on
and peoples. It is unfortunate that, despite the existence   the empowerment of women and their participation in
of international legal instruments and normative             the political, social and economic spheres.
mechanisms, there is an alarming escalation in the levels
                                                                 Armenia takes note of some positive trends in
of sexual violence during and after armed conflicts,
                                                             that field. Over the past decade, the Security Council
which has devastating consequences on women and
                                                             has put in place a normative framework for women’s
girls. Their protection deserves our utmost attention
                                                             participation in peace processes, the protection
as a primary responsibility of all of us, because it is a
                                                             and promotion of women’s human rights and the
serious humanitarian concern and significant security
                                                             mainstreaming of gender equality and perspectives
issue. It also requires a multidimensional approach.
                                                             in the contexts of armed conflict, peacebuilding and
    Over the past decade, particular attention has           reconstruction.
been paid to addressing some of the specific crimes
                                                                 Peacebuilding needs the involvement of women.
experienced by women and girls during armed conflict,
                                                             The role played by women in peacebuilding in many
namely, rape, trafficking, forced prostitution and
                                                             countries over the past decade has highlighted the
enslavement. Today it is critical to ensure accountability
                                                             importance of their full participation. Women need
for past and present crimes and not to grant immunity
                                                             to be present at the table to discuss issues such as
to perpetrators or amnesty for future crimes.
                                                             genocide, impunity and security, if a just and enduring
    It is commendable that the Council continues to          peace is to be built.
focus on how best to achieve effective justice for crimes
                                                                 However, despite the progress made, a great deal
of sexual violence in conflict in order to end impunity,
                                                             remains to be addressed and accomplished, as female
formally investigate and prosecute persons responsible
                                                             voices are not always heard. Women remain largely
for such crimes and grave violations, prevent their
                                                             excluded, especially from efforts to find workable
recurrence and seek justice and peace.
                                                             solutions to conflicts. We should further promote their
    In that context, Armenia also attaches the utmost        participation.
importance to the promotion of justice and the rule
                                                                  It will come as news to no one that the costs of
of law, as those values are indispensable for the
                                                             conflict are borne disproportionately by women and
maintenance of international and regional security
                                                             girls. And since women pay the highest price when
and the protection of human rights. A consensus has
                                                             peace is absent, they are important stakeholders in
emerged that the rule of law should be promoted at both
                                                             peacebuilding. The inclusion of women in all stages of
the national and the international levels and should
                                                             peace processes would help guarantee more lasting and
be based on the Charter of the United Nations, the
                                                             representative settlements.
norms of international law and the principle of good
governance. We therefore share the views expressed by            Armenia recognizes the key role and critical efforts
Council members and other speakers calling for more          of the Security Council in preventing sexual violence
systematic attention to impunity and justice. We also        and combating impunity in conflict and post-conflict
agree that increased efforts to fight impunity at the        situations. We have encouraged continued action by
national and international levels are essential.             the Council, including the development of effective
                                                             measures to put an end to sexual violence in conflict.
    I would also like to emphasize that special attention
                                                             We welcome the adoption of today’s resolution by the
must be paid to children who are victims of rape and
                                                             Council (resolution 2106 (2013)), which will serve
other forms of sexual violence, especially girls, who
                                                             as a practical tool in the consideration of policies,
usually make up the largest group of victims in armed
                                                             programmes and actions that can successfully further


66                                                                                                          13-37153

                                                                                                             S/PV.6984


the implementation of commitments in combating               particular attention to women and children. There has
sexual violence.                                             been significant progress. However, the periodic attacks
                                                             against civilian populations, including in areas where
    Armenia expresses its readiness to work closely
                                                             the missions are deployed, shows the limitations that
with the Council, other United Nations bodies,
                                                             still exist against dealing with the perpetrators of these
interested institutions and concerned non-governmental
                                                             attacks — limitations for the local population as well
organizations to expand and implement the women and
                                                             as for the international community. Through resolution
peace and security agenda and better the situation of
                                                             1325 (2000), the Council has stressed the important role
women around the world, including those affected by
                                                             that women play in the prevention of conflicts and in
armed conflict.
                                                             peacebuilding.
    The President: I now give the floor to the
                                                                  Uruguay has been in the vanguard of incorporating
representative of Uruguay.
                                                             women into the armed forces, and that can be seen in the
    Mrs. Carrion (Uruguay) (spoke in Spanish): At the        number of women who are deployed in the armed forces
outset, I would like to join the many previous speakers      as well as in the Uruguayan police and in the formed
who have thanked you, Sir, for having convened               police units of peacekeeping operations. Those women
this debate. I also express our gratitude to all those,      volunteers have always played a key role, and they are
especially the women, who work every day to promote          also interested in returning to jobs in the field, which
peace and security.                                          shows, I think, the commitment that they have to the
                                                             goals of the missions. That is why I think it is important
     Since the adoption of resolution 1325 (2000), the
                                                             to reiterate the need to continue to promote the greatest
women and peace and security agenda has made clear
                                                             possible participation of women in peacekeeping
progress, expanding in both breadth and depth to
                                                             processes, because they provide undeniable qualitative
occupy the important place it does today, supported by
                                                             advantages.
the legal instruments, political initiatives and practical
activities of the Organization.                                   With regard to the implementation of the agenda of
                                                             the protection of civilians in armed conflict, we would
     Despite that progress, however, we regret to note
                                                             like particular stress to be given to women and children
that reports from a number of conflict and post-conflict
                                                             through the work that we do at Headquarters as well as
situations continue to point to increasing physical and
                                                             through the work that is done by Blue Helmets on the
emotional violence against women and girls, who are
                                                             ground. We would also like to stress the importance of
the primary victims of sexual violence and its negative
                                                             having the broadest possible support for this agenda.
consequences for their quality of life and future
development. In that regard, we would stress the need            The President: I now give the floor to the
to defend the human rights of the victims of serious         representative of the Sudan.
violations. In our view, the United Nations system
                                                                  Mr. Elbahi (Sudan) (spoke in Arabic): At the outset,
should continue to fight against impunity, bring to
                                                             my delegation would like to express its appreciation to
justice those guilty for such violations and strengthen
                                                             all the parties involved in holding these open debates on
national capacities, using regional capacities to promote
                                                             women and peace and security, pursuant to resolution
international justice in the defence of women’s rights.
                                                             1325 (2000), for the second time this year.
     Uruguay considers the issue of women and peace
                                                                 My delegation would like to state that the situation
and security to be an essential part of a larger agenda
                                                             of women in areas of conflict in the Sudan has witnessed
that includes the situation of children in armed conflict
                                                             considerable progress compared to previous periods,
as well as the protection of civilians in armed conflict;
                                                             thanks to the efforts of my Government, embodied in
they are integral parts of the whole. It is therefore
                                                             the signing of the Darfur Peace Agreement with some
essential to make coordinated progress and to use all the
                                                             armed rebel movements, including the Justice and
instruments available to the Organization, particularly
                                                             Equality Movement (JEM). It should be recalled that
its capacities in the field.
                                                             there are a number of rebel movements still outside
    One instrument in such efforts is peacekeeping           the peace process. They still violate human rights in
operations, which in recent years have included              areas of conflict, including acts of violence and sexual
mandates for the protection of civilians that pay            violence against women and girls. The Council should


13-3715367

S/PV.6984


therefore send a strong signal to those movements to           verifiable and correct information. Government bodies
compel them to sit at the negotiation table and to desist      must be informed of the contents of those reports long
from perpetrating grave violations of human rights,            enough before they are published, so that Governments
particularly against women and children.                       can comment and take the necessary steps on them in
                                                               the event that they prove true. We also call upon the
    In the implementation of the work plan contained in
                                                               Council to deploy efforts to address such root causes of
resolution 1325 (2000), our Government established a
                                                               conflict as poverty, a lack of development and climate
number of specialized centres at the central and national
                                                               change.
levels to coordinate the efforts of women in the fields
of peace and development and to provide them with                 The President: I now give the floor to the
consultative guidelines with regard to strengthening           Permanent Observer of the African Union.
the principles of equality and a gender perspective.
                                                                    Mr. António: Let me begin by joining preceding
     National      programmes         on     rehabilitation,   speakers in congratulating the presidency for the United
disarmament, demobilization and reintegration have             Kingdom’s accession to the presidency of the Security
devoted special priority to the situation of women, in         Council for this month. I would like to express the
close cooperation with the relevant United Nations             African Union’s (AU) deep appreciation for the holding
agencies, including UN–Women. My country has had               of this open debate on a topic of great importance, as
a national strategy on combating gender-based violence         illustrated by the overwhelming number of participants.
since 2005, and has established a unit under the
                                                                   This debate bears eloquent testimony to the United
Ministry of Justice to combat violence against women
                                                               Kingdom’s commitment and efforts towards the
and children. In order to safeguard our borders, prevent
                                                               implementation of resolution 1325 (2000) and related
the smuggling of weapons and stem the subversive
                                                               resolutions at the highest political level. The adoption,
activities undertaken by rebel movements, which violate
                                                               under the United Kingdom’s leadership of the Group
human rights, particularly the rights of women and
                                                               of Eight Summit, held in London on 11 April, of the
girls, we will continue to enforce the border agreement
                                                               declaration on preventing sexual violence in conflict
with Chad, as well as the tripartite agreement with
                                                               further reflects that commitment.
Chad and the Central African Republic, in addition to
extending the security cooperation protocol with Libya.            I also wish to take this opportunity to thank the
At the justice level, the Office of the Prosecutor General     Secretary-General for his personal commitment
in Darfur continues to look into reports submitted by          and engagement in giving this issue the attention it
victims.                                                       deserves. I would also like to thank Ms. Bangura for
                                                               her leadership in representing the African continent.
     In addition to the efforts deployed by the advisory
                                                               We want her to know how proud we are of the work she
council for human rights in Darfur, social services
                                                               is doing on this important issue.
and security units as well as the unit against violence
against women, the Government this month launched                   The issue of sexual violence in conflict implies
the 10-year national action plan on human rights as a          a collective moral obligation and provokes a sense of
clear-cut national strategy to enhance the situation of        urgency, given the ongoing escalation of this crime and
human rights in the Sudan. The plan was welcomed by            its devastating effects on its innocent victims — women
the United Nations independent expert on human rights          and girls, men and boys. The African Union’s efforts
during his latest visit to the Sudan earlier this month.       have focused on the implementation of resolution 1325
The Government of the Sudan emphasizes its interest in         (2000) in conjunction with the gender policy adopted by
enhancing the rights of women and in protecting them,          the African Union in 2009. Furthermore, the AU’s road
and reiterates its wish to continue cooperation with the       map for the African Peace and Security Architecture
Special Representative of the Secretary-General on             for the period 2011-2013 devotes an entire section to the
Sexual Violence in Conflict, as well as with the relevant      topic of women and peace and security. The AU Peace
institutions. We will also continue our cooperation with       and Security Department has taken concrete steps to
the relevant United Nations agencies with regard to            mainstream gender into its work at the institutional,
capacity-building.                                             operational and programmatic levels. The inclusion
                                                               of gender experts as part of post-conflict needs-In conclusion, my delegation wish to underscore
                                                               assessment missions undertaken by the Peace and
that the Secretary-General’s reports must contain


68                                                                                                             13-37153

                                                                                                            S/PV.6984


Security Reconstruction Department is a step forward        interest to Member States in general, and one that has
in formulating efficient post-conflict reconstruction       recently acquired a special dimension in view of the
programmes.                                                 levels of violence being perpetrated against women
                                                            in my country, particularly since the documented
     Similarly, efforts have also been made within AU
                                                            number of cases of rape committed by armed terrorist
peace support operations to address the different needs
                                                            groups is about 37,000 in Damascus and its environs
of men and women as peacekeepers, while recognizing
                                                            alone, according to the estimates of Syria’s national
that much more must be done at the cultural and policy
                                                            reconciliation committee, and the number of women
levels to address gender differences in such operations.
                                                            who have been kidnapped has reached about 1,000 to
In 2011, as part of its efforts to raise awareness in the
                                                            date.
Peace and Security Council on the situation of women
and children in Africa, the AU Panel of the Wise                 My country has sent several official letters to
commissioned a report on mitigating the vulnerabilities     Special Representative of the Secretary-General
of women and children in armed conflicts in 2011. The       Bangura detailing documented information on the
report highlights how rape and sexual and gender-based      responsibility of armed terrorist groups for acts of rape,
violence have reached pandemic proportions during           sexual violence and murder against women in Syria.
conflicts. Within its mandate, the Peace and Security       Armed groups continue to kidnap women and girls and
Department has a central role to play in developing and     use them as spoils of war and sex slaves for the pleasure
implementing strategies on preventing and responding        of terrorists, while the sponsors of such groups, thugs
to sexual violence and sexual exploitation and abuse.       of war and sexual perverts, some of whom reside in
                                                            Gulf sheikhdoms, continue to issue edicts blessing
    It was in that context that the African Union
                                                            such crimes under the so-called sexual or fornication
Peace and Security Council held a meeting on
                                                            jihad. All this deviant moral and social behaviour has
28 March 2011 on the theme of women and children
                                                            been met with an unjustified and objectionable silence
and other vulnerable groups in armed conflict, with the
                                                            on the part of many of the specialized United Nations
participation, among others, of the then United Nations
                                                            agencies. That continued suspicious silence is no longer
Special Representative on Sexual Violence in Conflict.
                                                            acceptable.
Building on that meeting, given the priority accorded
this issue by the leadership of the African Union                I would also like to address some of the statements
Commission, efforts are under way to appoint an AU          that have been made in this meeting, particularly the
special representative on sexual violence in conflict.      total and deliberate omission of any mention of the
                                                            crimes committed by those terrorist groups — some of
    The African Union Commission has been
                                                            which are affiliated with Al-Qaida — to the extent that
encouraged by its continued strong collaboration with
                                                            some Member States look as if they are supporting and
the United Nations through the office of the Special
                                                            protecting this kind of terrorism and justifying the acts
Representative of the Secretary-General, Ms. Zainab
                                                            committed by the terrorists, such as cannibalism in the
Hawa Bangura, with a view to signing a cooperation
                                                            wake of their slaughter of their victims. In a meeting
framework in the near future. We are convinced that the
                                                            such as this, we believe that it would be proper to say
envisaged cooperation framework will go a long way to
                                                            that such an attitude cannot put an end to such horrible
enhancing cooperation and coordination between the
                                                            practices and appalling forms of violence against
African Union Commission and the United Nations as
                                                            women.
they address conflict-related sexual violence.
                                                                It is truly shameful for the apartheid Israeli regime
    The President: I now give the floor to the
                                                            to speak of women’s rights and combating violence
representative of the Syrian Arab Republic.
                                                            against women while its soldiers and settlers continue
    Mr. Ibrahim (Syrian Arab Republic) (spoke               their daily aggression against Palestinian women, men
in Arabic): At the outset, I would like to thank the        and children, in addition to the violence practiced in its
Secretary-General, the Foreign Secretary of the United      detention centres and prisons, tantamount to the worst
Kingdom, Ms. Zainab Bangura, Ms. Angelina Jolie             forms of human rights violations. Before 1948, Israeli
and Ms. Jane Adong Anywar. I would also like to             gangs were guilty of several massacres; they later
thank you, Mr. President, for holding this open debate      formed the so-called Israeli Defense Forces, which
on sexual violence against women, an issue of great         has perpetuated the approach of those terrorist gangs,


13-3715369

S/PV.6984


committing murder, destruction, rape, displacement            been violated, and those who support terrorist groups
and other crimes that are an affront to humankind.            like Al-Nusra — a group affiliated with Al-Qaida that
None of those crimes have been curbed; they continue          commits the most heinous crimes against civilians,
to this day.                                                  including women — answer to the Qatari regime, which
                                                              continues to arm and finance terrorists and provide
    Palmach, Haganah, Irgun — these were all Jewish
                                                              them with a propaganda smokescreen to cover up their
terrorist organizations active before 1948, and they
                                                              crimes against women and girls. They appear daily on
formed the nucleus for the so-called Israeli Defense
                                                              satellite television channels, issuing fundamentalist and
Forces. Those were terrorist gangs that committed
                                                              destructive fatwas blessing the commission of horrible
collective massacres, displaced Arabs — Muslims and
                                                              crimes that violate human rights and international
Christians alike — desecrated Muslim and Christian
                                                              humanitarian law.
holy places and committed hundreds of massacres, such
as in Deir Yassin, Balad Al-Shaykh, Al-Dawayima,                  The Syrian Arab Republic continues to believe in
Al-Tantura, Sa’Sa’, Arab Al-Mawasi, Saf Saf, Haifa,           the peaceful settlement of the conflict on the basis of a
Jaffa, Al-Husayniyya and scores more. All those               comprehensive national dialogue, an end to the terrorist
violations continue to this day at the hands of the Israeli   campaign against Syria and the restoration of peace and
army and its settlers.                                        security in my country, which is a land of tolerance and
                                                              brotherly love.
     As for the statement made by the representative
of Turkey, I would say that before he calls on the                The President: There are no more names inscribed
Syrian Arab Republic to grant access to the United            on the list of speakers.
Nations — whose agencies are active in Syria to this
                                                                   Before I draw the meeting to a close, I note that
day — his regime should allow the United Nations
                                                              Special Representative of the Secretary-General
and other international organizations to enter and
                                                              Bangura has been with us throughout almost the entire
visit the many training camps on Turkish territory
                                                              debate and is here with us at the end. I thank her again
where hundreds of terrorists reside and train in order
                                                              for her briefing and all her work in this crucual area.
to eventually go to Syria and commit their murderous
crimes.                                                           The Security Council has thus concluded the
                                                              present stage of the consideration of the item on the
    I would also like to address the crimes that have
                                                              agenda.
been perpetrated against Syrian women and girls
displaced to neighbouring countries. Their rights have            The meeting rose at 4.50 p.m.




70                                                                                                            13-37153

Voting Summary
Yes: 015 | No: 000 | Abstentions: 000 | Non-Voting: 000 | Total voting membership: 015
Y ARGENTINA
Y AUSTRALIA
Y AZERBAIJAN
Y CHINA
Y FRANCE
Y GUATEMALA
Y LUXEMBOURG
Y MOROCCO
Y PAKISTAN
Y REPUBLIC OF KOREA
Y RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Y RWANDA
Y TOGO
Y UNITED KINGDOM
Y UNITED STATES