Security Council resolution 998 (1995) [on establishment of a rapid-reaction force within the UN Protection Force]
Symbol: S/RES/998(1995)
Date: 1995-06-16
Meeting record: S/PV.3543
Subjects: UN Protection Force|International Contact Group|UN Peace Forces/UN Protection Force|Charter of the United Nations (1945). Chapter VII|AIRPORTS|SARAJEVO (BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA)|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA|PEACEKEEPING OPERATIONS|SERBS|DETAINED PERSONS|HUMANITARIAN ASSISTANCE|FREEDOM OF MOVEMENT|CEASEFIRES|SAFE AREAS|CIVILIAN PERSONS|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA|BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA SITUATION|STAFF SECURITY|RAPID DEPLOYMENT FORCES
Notes: Concerns establishment of a rapid-reaction force within the UN Protection Force.
Summary: Demands that the Bosnian Serb forces release immediately and unconditionally all remaining detained UNPROFOR personnel, and further demands that all parties fully respect the safety of UNPROFOR personnel, and others engaged in the delivery of humanitarian assistance, and ensure their complete freedom of movement; demands that all parties allow unimpeded access for humanitarian assistance to all parts of Bosnia and Herzegovina and, in particular, to the safe areas; demands that the parties respect fully the status of the safe areas and in particular the need to ensure the safety of the civilian population therein; welcomes the letter of the Secretary-General of 9 June 1995 on the reinforcement of UNPROFOR and the establishment of a rapid reaction capacity to enable UNPF/UNPROFOR to carry out its mandate; decides accordingly to authorize an increase in UNPF/UNPROFOR personnel, acting under the present mandate and on the terms set out in the above-mentioned letter, by up to 12,500 additional troops, the modalities of financing to be determined later; requests the Secretary-General, in taking any decisions with respect to the deployment of UNPROFOR personnel, to take full account of the need to enhance their security and minimize the dangers to which they might be exposed.

UNITED
NATIONS                                                                        S
                 Security Council
                                                               Distr.
                                                               GENERAL

                                                               S/RES/998 (1995)
                                                               16 June 1995




                               RESOLUTION 998 (1995)

               Adopted by the Security Council at its 3543rd meeting,
                                   on 16 June 1995


     The Security Council,

     Recalling all its earlier relevant resolutions,

     Reaffirming the mandate of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)
as referred to in resolution 982 (1995) of 31 March 1995 and the need for its
full implementation,

     Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 30 May 1995
(S/1995/444),

     Having considered also the letter of the Secretary-General of 9 June 1995
and its annex (S/1995/470 and Add.1),

     Noting that the rapid reaction force referred to in the above-mentioned
letter will be an integral part of the existing United Nations peace-keeping
operation, and that the status of UNPROFOR and its impartiality will be
maintained,

     Deeply concerned by the continuing armed hostilities in the territory of
the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina,

     Expressing its deep regret that the situation in the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina has continued to deteriorate and that the parties were not able to
agree to a further cease-fire following the breakdown of the cease-fire
agreement of 23 December 1994 (S/1995/8) and its subsequent expiration on
1 May 1995,

     Gravely concerned that the regular obstruction of deliveries of
humanitarian assistance, and the denial of the use of Sarajevo airport, by the
Bosnian Serb side threaten the ability of the United Nations in Bosnia and
Herzegovina to carry out its mandate,



95-17934 (E)                                                                   /...

S/RES/998 (1995)
English
Page 2



     Condemning in the strongest possible terms all attacks by the parties on
UNPROFOR personnel,

     Condemning also the increasing attacks on the civilian population by
Bosnian Serb forces,

     Determined to enhance the protection of UNPROFOR and to enable it to carry
out its mandate,

     Noting the letter of 14 June 1995 (S/1995/483, annex) from the Foreign
Minister of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina welcoming the reinforcement
of UNPROFOR,

     Stressing the importance at this juncture of renewed efforts to achieve an
overall peaceful settlement,

     Underlining once again the urgent need for acceptance by the Bosnian Serb
party of the Contact Group peace plan as a starting point, opening the way to
the negotiation of such an overall peaceful settlement,

     Reaffirming the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political
independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina,

     Reaffirming further that the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a State
Member of the United Nations, enjoys the rights provided for in the Charter of
the United Nations,

     Determining that the situation in the former Yugoslavia continues to be a
threat to international peace and security,

     Reaffirming its determination to ensure the security of the United Nations
Peace Forces (UNPF)/UNPROFOR and its freedom of movement for the accomplishment
of all its missions, and to these ends, acting under Chapter VII of the Charter
of the United Nations,

     1.   Demands that the Bosnian Serb forces release immediately and
unconditionally all remaining detained UNPROFOR personnel, and further demands
that all parties fully respect the safety of UNPROFOR personnel, and others
engaged in the delivery of humanitarian assistance, and ensure their complete
freedom of movement;

     2.   Emphasizes that there can be no military solution to the conflict,
stresses the importance it attaches to vigorous pursuit of a political
settlement, and reiterates its demand that the Bosnian Serb party accept the
Contact Group peace plan as a starting point;

     3.   Calls upon the parties to agree without further delay to a cease-fire
and a complete cessation of hostilities in the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina;




                                                                               /...

S/RES/998 (1995)
English
Page 3



     4.   Demands that all parties allow unimpeded access for humanitarian
assistance to all parts of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and, in
particular, to the safe areas;

     5.   Demands further that the Bosnian Serb forces comply immediately with
the agreement of 5 June 1992 (S/24075, annex) and ensure unimpeded access by
land to Sarajevo;

     6.   Demands that the parties respect fully the status of the safe areas
and in particular the need to ensure the safety of the civilian population
therein;

     7.   Underlines the need for a mutually agreed demilitarization of the safe
areas and their immediate surroundings and the benefits this would bring to all
parties, in terms of the cessation of attacks on the safe areas and of launching
military attacks therefrom;

     8.   Encourages, in this context, the Secretary-General further to
intensify efforts aimed at reaching agreement with the parties on the modalities
for demilitarization, taking particular account of the need to ensure the safety
of the civilian population, and calls upon the parties to cooperate fully with
these efforts;

     9.   Welcomes the letter of the Secretary-General of 9 June 1995 on the
reinforcement of UNPROFOR and the establishment of a rapid reaction capacity to
enable UNPF/UNPROFOR to carry out its mandate;

     10. Decides accordingly to authorize an increase in UNPF/UNPROFOR
personnel, acting under the present mandate and on the terms set out in the
above-mentioned letter, by up to 12,500 additional troops, the modalities of
financing to be determined later;

     11. Authorizes the Secretary-General to carry forward the implementation
of paragraphs 9 and 10 above, maintaining close contact with the Government of
the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and others concerned;

     12. Requests the Secretary-General, in taking any decisions with respect
to the deployment of UNPROFOR personnel, to take full account of the need to
enhance their security and minimize the dangers to which they might be exposed;

     13.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.


                                      -----

Texto español (official Spanish version): NACIONES
UNIDAS
                                                                                S
                  Consejo de Seguridad
                                                          Distr.
                                                          GENERAL

                                                          S/RES/998 (1995)
                                                          16 de junio de 1995




                                RESOLUCIÓN 998 (1995)

               Aprobada por el Consejo de Seguridad en su 3543ª sesión,
                           celebrada el 16 de junio de 1995


    El Consejo de Seguridad,

     Recordando todas sus resoluciones anteriores en la materia,

     Reafirmando el mandato de la Fuerza de Protección de las Naciones Unidas
(UNPROFOR) a que se hace referencia en la resolución 982 (1995), de 31 de marzo
de 1995, y la necesidad de cumplirlo cabalmente,

     Habiendo examinado el informe del Secretario General de fecha 30 de mayo
de 1995 (S/1995/444),

     Habiendo examinado también la carta del Secretario General de fecha 9 de
junio de 1995 y su anexo (S/1995/470 y Add.1),

     Observando que la fuerza de reacción rápida a que se hace referencia en la
carta mencionada constituirá parte integrante de la actual operación de las
Naciones Unidas para el mantenimiento de la paz y que se mantendrán la condición
de la UNPROFOR y su imparcialidad,

     Profundamente preocupado por la continuación de las hostilidades armadas en
el territorio de la República de Bosnia y Herzegovina,

     Expresando que deplora profundamente que la situación en la República de
Bosnia y Herzegovina haya seguido deteriorándose y que las partes no hayan
podido convenir una nueva cesación del fuego tras el colapso del acuerdo de
cesación del fuego concertado el 23 de diciembre de 1994 (S/1995/8) y su
posterior expiración el 1º de mayo de 1995,

     Sumamente preocupado por el hecho de que los serbios de Bosnia obstaculicen
regularmente la entrega de suministros de asistencia humanitaria y no permitan
utilizar el aeropuerto de Sarajevo, lo cual constituye una amenaza para la
capacidad de las Naciones Unidas de cumplir su mandato en Bosnia y Herzegovina,


95-17937 (S)      150695   150695                                               /...

S/RES/998 (1995)
Página 2



     Condenando en los términos más enérgicos posibles todos los ataques
perpetrados por las partes contra personal de la UNPROFOR,

     Condenando también el aumento de los ataques perpetrados por las fuerzas
serbias de Bosnia contra la población civil,

     Decidido a aumentar la protección de la UNPROFOR y a hacer posible que
cumpla su mandato,

     Tomando nota de la carta de fecha 14 de junio de 1995 (S/1995/483, anexo)
en la que el Ministro de Relaciones Exteriores de la República de Bosnia y
Herzegovina expresa satisfacción por el refuerzo de la UNPROFOR,

     Destacando la importancia, en estos momentos, de reanudar los esfuerzos
para lograr un arreglo pacífico general,

     Recalcando una vez más la urgente necesidad de que los serbios de Bosnia
acepten el plan de paz del Grupo de Contacto como punto de partida, lo cual
allanará el camino para la negociación de ese arreglo pacífico general,

     Reafirmando la soberanía, la integridad territorial y la independencia
política de la República de Bosnia y Herzegovina,

     Reafirmando asimismo que la República de Bosnia y Herzegovina, en su
condición de Estado Miembro de las Naciones Unidas, disfruta de los derechos
previstos en la Carta de las Naciones Unidas,

     Determinando que la situación en la ex Yugoslavia sigue constituyendo una
amenaza a la paz y la seguridad internacionales,

     Reafirmando su decisión de garantizar la seguridad de las Fuerzas de Paz de
las Naciones Unidas/UNPROFOR y la libertad de circulación de éstas para el
cumplimiento de todas sus misiones y, con ese fin, actuando con arreglo al
Capítulo VII de la Carta de las Naciones Unidas,

     1.   Exige que las fuerzas serbias de Bosnia pongan inmediata e
incondicionalmente en libertad a todo el personal de la UNPROFOR que sigue
detenido y exige además que todas las partes respeten plenamente la seguridad
del personal de la UNPROFOR, y de otros que participan en la entrega de
suministros de asistencia humanitaria, y que aseguren su completa libertad de
desplazamiento;

     2.   Pone de relieve que no puede haber una solución militar del conflicto,
destaca la importancia que asigna a que se procure resueltamente un arreglo
político y reitera su exigencia de que los serbios de Bosnia acepten el plan de
paz del Grupo de Contacto como punto de partida;

     3.   Insta a las partes a que pacten sin más demora una cesación del fuego
y una completa cesación de las hostilidades en la República de Bosnia y
Herzegovina;




                                                                               /...

                                                              S/RES/998 (1995)
                                                              Página 3



     4.   Exige que todas las partes permitan el acceso sin restricciones de la
asistencia humanitaria a todas las partes de la República de Bosnia y
Herzegovina y, en particular, a las zonas seguras;

     5.   Exige además que las fuerzas serbias de Bosnia cumplan inmediatamente
el acuerdo de fecha 5 de junio de 1992 (S/24075, anexo) y garanticen el acceso
sin restricciones por tierra a Sarajevo;

     6.   Exige que las partes respeten plenamente la condición de las zonas
seguras y, en particular, atiendan la necesidad de velar por la seguridad de la
población civil de esas zonas;

     7.   Destaca la necesidad de una desmilitarización por común acuerdo de las
zonas seguras y sus alrededores inmediatos y los beneficios que ello reportaría
para todas las partes, ya que cesarían los ataques contra esas zonas y se
dejaría de lanzar ataques militares desde ellas;

     8.   Alienta, en este contexto, al Secretario General a que siga
intensificando los esfuerzos por llegar a un acuerdo con las partes acerca de
las modalidades de la desmilitarización, teniendo especialmente en cuenta la
necesidad de velar por la seguridad de la población civil, e insta a las partes
a que cooperen plenamente en esos esfuerzos;

     9.   Acoge con beneplácito la carta del Secretario General de fecha 9 de
junio de 1995 relativa al refuerzo de la UNPROFOR y al establecimiento de una
capacidad de reacción rápida para que las Fuerzas de Paz de las Naciones
Unidas/UNPROFOR puedan cumplir su mandato;

     10. Decide, por consiguiente, autorizar un aumento del personal de las
Fuerzas de Paz de las Naciones Unidas/UNPROFOR, sobre la base del mandato
presente y en las condiciones establecidas en la carta antes mencionada, de
hasta 12.500 tropas adicionales, con las modalidades de financiación que se
determinarán posteriormente;

     11. Autoriza al Secretario General a proceder a la aplicación de los
párrafos 9 y 10 de la presente resolución, manteniéndose en estrecho contacto
con el Gobierno de República de Bosnia y Herzegovina y los demás interesados;

     12. Pide al Secretario General que, al tomar cualquier decisión respecto
del despliegue del personal de la UNPROFOR, tenga plenamente en cuenta la
necesidad de aumentar su seguridad y reducir al mínimo los peligros a que
pudiera quedar expuesto dicho personal;

     13.   Decide seguir ocupándose activamente de la cuestión.


                                      -----

Texte français (official French version): NATIONS
UNIES                                                                         S
             Conseil de sécurité

                                                                Distr.
                                                                GÉNÉRALE

                                                                S/RES/998 (1995)
                                                                16 juin 1995




                                RÉSOLUTION 998 (1995)

                 Adoptée par le Conseil de sécurité à sa 3543e séance
                                    le 16 juin 1995

     Le Conseil de sécurité,

     Rappelant toutes ses résolutions précédentes sur la question,

     Réaffirmant le mandat de la Force de protection des Nations Unies
(FORPRONU), tel qu’il est rappelé dans la résolution 982 (1995) du 31 mars 1995,
et la nécessité d’assurer sa pleine application,

     Ayant examiné le rapport du Secrétaire général en date du 30 mai 1995
(S/1995/444),

     Ayant examiné aussi la lettre du Secrétaire général en date du 9 juin 1995
et son annexe (S/1995/470 et Add.1),

     Notant que la capacité de réaction rapide visée dans la lettre
susmentionnée fera partie intégrante de l’opération actuelle de maintien de la
paix des Nations Unies, et que le statut de la FORPRONU de même que son
caractère impartial seront maintenus,

     Profondément préoccupé par la poursuite des hostilités sur le territoire de
la République de Bosnie-Herzégovine,

     Déplorant profondément que la situation en République de Bosnie-Herzégovine
ait continué à se détériorer et que les parties n’aient pu convenir d’un nouveau
cessez-le-feu après la rupture de l’accord de cessez-le-feu du 23 décembre 1994
(S/1995/8) et son expiration le 1er mai 1995,

     Constatant avec une vive préoccupation que l’obstruction systématique faite
à l’acheminement de l’aide humanitaire par la partie des Serbes de Bosnie et le
refus par cette même partie de permettre l’utilisation de l’aéroport de Sarajevo
mettent en danger la capacité des Nations Unies de s’acquitter de leur mandat en
Bosnie-Herzégovine,



95-17935   (F)                                                                /...

*9517935*

S/RES/998 (1995)
Page 2



     Condamnant dans les termes les plus vigoureux toutes les attaques lancées
par les parties contre le personnel de la FORPRONU,

     Condamnant aussi les attaques de plus en plus fréquentes lancées contre la
population civile par les forces des Serbes de Bosnie,

     Résolu à renforcer la protection de la FORPRONU et à lui permettre
de s’acquitter de son mandat,

     Notant la lettre datée du 14 juin 1995 (S/1995/483, annexe), dans laquelle
le Ministre des affaires étrangères de la République de Bosnie-Herzégovine se
félicite du renforcement de la FORPRONU,

     Soulignant l’importance à ce stade d’efforts renouvelés pour parvenir à un
règlement d’ensemble pacifique,

     Soulignant une fois encore qu’il est nécessaire et urgent que la partie des
Serbes de Bosnie accepte le plan de paix du Groupe de contact comme point de
départ, ouvrant ainsi la voie à la négociation d’un tel règlement pacifique
d’ensemble,

     Réaffirmant la souveraineté, l’intégrité territoriale et l’indépendance
politique de la République de Bosnie-Herzégovine,

     Réaffirmant en outre que la République de Bosnie-Herzégovine, en sa qualité
d’État Membre de l’Organisation des Nations Unies, jouit des droits énoncés dans
la Charte des Nations Unies,

     Constatant que la situation dans l’ex-Yougoslavie continue de constituer
une menace contre la paix et la sécurité internationales,

     Réaffirmant sa volonté d’assurer la sécurité et la liberté de mouvement des
Forces de paix des Nations Unies (FPNU)/FORPRONU pour leur permettre de
s’acquitter de toutes leurs missions et, à ces fins, agissant en vertu du
Chapitre VII de la Charte des Nations Unies,

     1.   Exige que les forces des Serbes de Bosnie libèrent immédiatement et
inconditionnellement tous les personnels de la FORPRONU encore détenus, et exige
en outre que toutes les parties respectent pleinement la sécurité du personnel
de la FORPRONU, ainsi que celle des autres personnels engagés dans
l’acheminement de l’aide humanitaire, et garantissent leur entière liberté de
mouvement;

     2.   Souligne qu’il ne peut y avoir de solution militaire au conflit,
insiste sur l’importance qu’il attache à la recherche vigoureuse d’un règlement
politique et exige de nouveau que la partie des Serbes de Bosnie accepte le plan
de paix du Groupe de contact comme point de départ;

     3.   Demande aux parties de convenir sans plus tarder d’un cessez-le-feu et
de la cessation complète des hostilités en République de Bosnie-Herzégovine;




                                                                               /...

                                                              S/RES/998 (1995)
                                                              Page 3



     4.   Exige que toutes les parties veillent à ce que l’aide humanitaire
puisse être acheminée sans entrave dans toutes les parties de la République de
Bosnie-Herzégovine, en particulier dans les zones de sécurité;

     5.   Exige aussi que les forces des Serbes de Bosnie se conforment
immédiatement à l’accord du 5 juin 1992 (S/24075, annexe) et garantissent le
libre accès à Sarajevo par la route;

     6.   Exige en outre que les parties respectent scrupuleusement le statut
des zones de sécurité et, en particulier, qu’elles tiennent pleinement compte de
la nécessité d’assurer la sécurité de la population civile dans ces zones;

     7.   Souligne la nécessité de démilitariser d’un commun accord les zones de
sécurité et leurs environs immédiats ainsi que les avantages que cette mesure
procurerait à toutes les parties, en mettant un terme aux attaques lancées
contre ces zones et à partir de celles-ci;

     8.   Encourage, dans ce contexte, le Secrétaire général à intensifier
encore les efforts en vue de la conclusion d’un accord avec les parties sur les
modalités d’une telle démilitarisation compte tenu en particulier de la
nécessité d’assurer la sécurité de la population civile et invite les parties à
offrir leur entière coopération à cet égard;

     9.   Prend note avec satisfaction de la lettre du Secrétaire général en
date du 9 juin 1995 relative au renforcement de la FORPRONU et à la mise en
place d’une capacité de réaction rapide en vue de permettre aux FPNU/FORPRONU de
s’acquitter de leur mandat;

    10.   Décide en conséquence d’autoriser que les effectifs des FPNU/FORPRONU,
agissant selon le mandat actuel et dans les conditions énoncées dans la lettre
susmentionnée, soient augmentés dans la limite de 12 500 personnes
supplémentaires, les modalités de financement devant être déterminées
ultérieurement;

    11.   Autorise le Secrétaire général à procéder à l’application des
paragraphes 9 et 10 ci-dessus, en se maintenant en contact étroit avec le
Gouvernement de la République de Bosnie-Herzégovine et les autres intéressés;

    12.   Prie le Secrétaire général, dans toutes les décisions qu’il aura à
prendre en ce qui concerne le déploiement du personnel de la FORPRONU, de tenir
pleinement compte de la nécessité de renforcer la sécurité de ce personnel et de
limiter au maximum les risques auxquels il est susceptible d’être exposé;

    13.   Décide de rester activement saisi de la question.

                                     -----




                                                                               /...

Русский текст (official Russian version): ?C'!=31!O3a
?#W+)3=+==YM =!O35                                                                              S
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                                                                            16 June 1995




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 95-17936.R                                                                              /...
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                                                                                           /...

                                                                          S/RES/998 (1995)
                                                                          Page 3

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                                            -----


النص العربي (official Arabic version): S                                                                        èb]SáÖK Üá©K
Distr.
GENERAL

S/RES/998 (1995)
16 June 1995
                                                            àá©K ˝ÖZá


                                        (@HHD) HHG dKdÄÖK
                             BDCB éS¸ÖZ ï{ àá©K ˝ÖZá ãc`RK ícÖK
                               @HHD éîâëì/àKdìe] @E ï{ èbëÄtáÖK


                                                                           <àá©K ˝ÖZá àõ


                                              <êÖkÖK QKc êÄNL¸ÖK éRKdKd uîáZ óÖK dî˛ì cõ


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                                     <ÑáLÉÖLN Låcî|äR óÖõ êZL]ÖKë <@HHD fdLá/dKc B@ _dùáÖK (@HHD)


                      <(S/1995/444) @HHD ëìLá/dLìô BI _dùáÖK ÜLtÖK àîá©K dìdÄR ï{ dqâ bë


S/1995/470) LçÄ{dáë @HHD é¥¥¥¥¥îâëì/àKdìe] H ê`dùáÖK ÜL¥¥¥¥tÖK àîá©K êÖLgd ï{ Lmìô dqâ bë
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àá ôeZSì ß KòeZ ÑÉ˛Sg ã®sô èdëÉcáÖK êÖLgdÖK ï{ LçîÖõ dL˛áÖK uìd¸ÖK bdÖK èë àô p]®ì cõë
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êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ ÜîÖõ ï{ ê]Ö¸áÖK êîüKbtÖK ÑLás©K dKdáSgK òKeõ ÅÖÄÖK bìbi ãdëL¸ì cõë
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àëâLÉ AB _dùáÖK dLäÖK ~®oõ }ë ~L|RK dLîçâK MLÄsô ï{ dLäÖK ~®o´ d`§ }ë óÖs ~L|RßK àá zKdo©K
                              <@HHD ëìLá/dLìô @ ï{ ÇÖc btN éüLmÄâKë (S/1995/8) @HHC dOá¸ìb/Ñë©K


èbsL¸áÖK ÑLkìõ QLîÖás êLsúN ÜLqSâLN ïägëOÖK ïNdkÖK zdoÖK ÜLî à© ÅÖÄÖK yÖLN ãdëL¸ì cõë
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                                                                                <ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK




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                                                                           S/RES/998 (1995)
                                                                           Page 2




<êìLá]ÖÖ èb]SáÖK Üá©K èë bKd{ô óÖs zKdo©K Lçä˛ì ïSÖK QLáZçÖK uîáZ êâKb´K biô àìbì cõë


   <àîîâbáÖK àLÉ¸ÖK óÖs àîîägëOÖK MdkÖK QKë Lçä˛R ïSÖK èbìKeSáÖK QLáZçÖK Lmìô àìbì cõë


<LçSìßëN r®omßK àá LçäîÉáR óÖsë êìLá]ÖÖ èb]SáÖK Üá©K èë êìLá] eìetR óÖs éäá LáîákRë


êîZdL` dìeë àá êçZëáÖK (Å{dáÖK <S/1995/483) @HHD éîâëì/àKdìe] @C ê`dùáÖK êÖLgdÖK p]®ì cõë
                                    <êìLá]ÖK èë eìetSN Lçî{ P]dì ïSÖK ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ


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àá êÖáLi êîáÖg êìë¸R óÖK ÑkëSÖK ÑZô àá lëL|SÖK ÜLáô ÑîO¸ÖK ^S|ì LáN <~®oâK êoÄäÉ ÑLkRßK Åìd{
                                                                                      <ÑîOÄÖK Kcå


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èë bKd{ô àá óÄOR àá ÑÉ às ndi àëbë Kdë{ YKd{´LN àîîägëOÖK MdkÖK QKë PÖLoì           - @
êìLá]ÖK èë bKd{ô êá®g ÜLSÖK éZëÖK óÖs ÜdS]R àöN zKdo©K uîáZ ÇÖcÉ PÖLoìë <àìeZS]áÖK êìLá]ÖK
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ïSÖK êîáå©K óÖs bb˛ìë <rKeäÖÖ ídÉ¸s Ñ] íô ÇLäå àëÉì àô àÉáì ß éâô óÖs bÉùì            - A
ïägëOÖK ïNdkÖK zdoÖK ÑOÄì àöN éSOÖLoá ddÉìë <êîgLîg êìë¸R óÖK ÑkëSÖK óÖK èëÄN ït¸ÖK óÖs LçÄÖtì
                                              =~®oâK êoÄäÉ ÑLkRßK Åìd{ Lçtmë ïSÖK ÜÖ¸ÖK êo`



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S/RES/998 (1995)
Page 3




ÑLás™Ö ÜLR }ëë dLäÖK ~®o´ }ë óÖs òLoN´K àá bìeá àëb ~L|RßK zKdo©K óÖK PÖoì            - B
                                                             =ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ ï{ êîüKbtÖK


òL]âô uîáZ óÖõ ÅüLs àëb êîâL¸â´K èbsL¸áÖK ÑëkëN \Lá¸ÖLN zKdo©K uîáZ PÖLoì               - C
                                           =êäáØK ÅoLäáÖK óÖõ jL` éZëNë <ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ


éîâëì/àKdìe] D _dùáÖK ~L|R®Ö dë|ÖK óÖs ÑLWSáßLN àîîägëOÖK MdkÖK QKë ÇÖcÉ PÖLoì         - D
                                    =ÅüLs àëb ë|îìKdg óÖK KdN ÑëkëÖK êÖL|Éë (Å{dáÖK <S/24075) @HHA


êá®g êÖL|É óÖõ êZL]ÖK Láîg ßë êäáØK ÅoLäáÖK eÉdáÖ ÑáLÉÖK ÜKdS]ßLN zKdo©K PÖLoì          - E
                                                                              =Lçî{ àîîâbáÖK àLÉ¸ÖK


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                                         =Lçäá êìdÉ¸tÖK QLáZçÖK ài às }ëSÖKë êäáØK ÅoLäáÖK óÖs


óÖK ÑkëSÖK óÖK ê{bLçÖK bëçZÖK }îWÉR èbLìe óÖs ÜLtÖK àîá©K <~Lî¸ÖK Kcå ï{ <uZ˛ì          - G
êá®g êÖL|É óÖõ êZL]ÖK jL` éZëN dLOSsßK ï{ Kc`§ <\®¸ÖK àá bìdZSÖK ÑüLgë àö˛N zKdo©K uá ~L|RK
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òL˛âõë êìLá]ÖK èë eìetR àö˛N @HHD éîâëì/àKdìe] H ê`dùáÖK ÜLtÖK àîá©K êÖLgdN P]dì       - H
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LáN <êìLá]ÖK èë/ÜÖ¸ÖÖ èb]SáÖK Üá©K QKë bKd{ô bbs èbLìeN àcöì àöN ÇÖcÖ LtOR ddÄì      - @I
ï{ êäîOáÖK ÜLÉ]™Ö LÄ{ëë êîÖL]ÖK êìßëÖK dLoõ ï{ ÇÖcN L{dkSá <êî{Lm´K QKëÄÖK àá @A DII óÖõ Ñkì
                                       =btN Láî{ ÑìëáSÖK ÅüKdo bb]R àô óÖs <ã®sô èdëÉcáÖK êÖLgdÖK


êáëÉ]N ÅîVëÖK ÑLkR´K uá <ã®sô @I ë H àîRdÄ|ÖK cî|äR ï{ ïmáÖLN ÜLtÖK àîá™Ö àcöì         - @@
                                            =êîätáÖK QLáëÉ]ÖK àá Lådîwë ÇgdçÖKë êägëOÖK êìdëçáZ


bKd{ô reëN ÅÖtSì Láî{ QKdKd íô cL`RK ñbÖ <êáLSÖK èLsKdáÖK ò®ìõ ÜLtÖK àîá©K óÖõ PÖoì   - @A
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                                              .ïÖt|ÖK ãdqâ bî êÖö¸áÖK ïÄOì àô ddÄì    - @B


                                              ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥ ¥


../..                                                                                     95-17932

Draft resolution (S/1995/478):
UNITED
NATIONS                                                                        S
                 Security Council
                                                           Distr.
                                                           GENERAL

                                                           S/1995/478
                                                           15 June 1995
                                                           ENGLISH
                                                           ORIGINAL: ENGLISH AND
                                                                      FRENCH


               Czech Republic, France, Germany, Honduras, Netherlands,
               Oman and United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
                              Ireland: draft resolution


     The Security Council,

     Recalling all its earlier relevant resolutions,

     Reaffirming the mandate of the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)
as referred to in resolution 982 (1995) of 31 March 1995 and the need for its
full implementation,

     Having considered the report of the Secretary-General of 30 May 1995
(S/1995/444),

     Having considered also the letter of the Secretary-General of 9 June 1995
and its annex (S/1995/470 and Add.1),

     Noting that the rapid reaction force referred to in the above-mentioned
letter will be an integral part of the existing United Nations peace-keeping
operation, and that the status of UNPROFOR and its impartiality will be
maintained,

     Deeply concerned by the continuing armed hostilities in the territory of
the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina,

     Expressing its deep regret that the situation in the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina has continued to deteriorate and that the parties were not able to
agree to a further cease-fire following the breakdown of the cease-fire
agreement of 23 December 1994 (S/1995/8) and its subsequent expiration on
1 May 1995,

     Gravely concerned that the regular obstruction of deliveries of
humanitarian assistance, and the denial of the use of Sarajevo airport, by the
Bosnian Serb side threaten the ability of the United Nations in Bosnia and
Herzegovina to carry out its mandate,




95-17928 (E)     150695                                                        /...

S/1995/478
English
Page 2



     Condemning in the strongest possible terms all attacks by the parties on
UNPROFOR personnel,

     Condemning also the increasing attacks on the civilian population by
Bosnian Serb forces,

     Determined to enhance the protection of UNPROFOR and to enable it to carry
out its mandate,

     Noting the letter of 14 June 1995 (S/1995/483, annex) from the Foreign
Minister of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina welcoming the reinforcement
of UNPROFOR,

     Stressing the importance at this juncture of renewed efforts to achieve an
overall peaceful settlement,

     Underlining once again the urgent need for acceptance by the Bosnian Serb
party of the Contact Group peace plan as a starting point, opening the way to
the negotiation of such an overall peaceful settlement,

     Reaffirming the sovereignty, territorial integrity and political
independence of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina,

     Reaffirming further that the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as a State
Member of the United Nations, enjoys the rights provided for in the Charter of
the United Nations,

     Determining that the situation in the former Yugoslavia continues to be a
threat to international peace and security,

     Reaffirming its determination to ensure the security of the United Nations
Peace Forces (UNPF)/UNPROFOR and its freedom of movement for the accomplishment
of all its missions, and to these ends, acting under Chapter VII of the Charter
of the United Nations,

     1.   Demands that the Bosnian Serb forces release immediately and
unconditionally all remaining detained UNPROFOR personnel, and further demands
that all parties fully respect the safety of UNPROFOR personnel, and others
engaged in the delivery of humanitarian assistance, and ensure their complete
freedom of movement;

     2.   Emphasizes that there can be no military solution to the conflict,
stresses the importance it attaches to vigorous pursuit of a political
settlement, and reiterates its demand that the Bosnian Serb party accept the
Contact Group peace plan as a starting point;

     3.   Calls upon the parties to agree without further delay to a cease-fire
and a complete cessation of hostilities in the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina;




                                                                               /...

                                                                      S/1995/478
                                                                      English
                                                                      Page 3



     4.   Demands that all parties allow unimpeded access for humanitarian
assistance to all parts of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and, in
particular, to the safe areas;

     5.   Demands further that the Bosnian Serb forces comply immediately with
the agreement of 5 June 1992 (S/24075, annex) and ensure unimpeded access by
land to Sarajevo;

     6.   Demands that the parties respect fully the status of the safe areas
and in particular the need to ensure the safety of the civilian population
therein;

     7.   Underlines the need for a mutually agreed demilitarization of the safe
areas and their immediate surroundings and the benefits this would bring to all
parties, in terms of the cessation of attacks on the safe areas and of launching
military attacks therefrom;

     8.   Encourages, in this context, the Secretary-General further to
intensify efforts aimed at reaching agreement with the parties on the modalities
for demilitarization, taking particular account of the need to ensure the safety
of the civilian population, and calls upon the parties to cooperate fully with
these efforts;

     9.   Welcomes the letter of the Secretary-General of 9 June 1995 on the
reinforcement of UNPROFOR and the establishment of a rapid reaction capacity to
enable UNPF/UNPROFOR to carry out its mandate;

     10. Decides accordingly to authorize an increase in UNPF/UNPROFOR
personnel, acting under the present mandate and on the terms set out in the
above-mentioned letter, by up to 12,500 additional troops, the modalities of
financing to be determined later;

     11. Authorizes the Secretary-General to carry forward the implementation
of paragraphs 9 and 10 above, maintaining close contact with the Government of
the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and others concerned;

     12. Requests the Secretary-General, in taking any decisions with respect
to the deployment of UNPROFOR personnel, to take full account of the need to
enhance their security and minimize the dangers to which they might be exposed;

     13.   Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.


                                      -----

Meeting record:
United Nations                                                                                                         S/PV.3543


                 Security Council                                                                                                       Provisional
                 Fiftieth Year

                 3543rd Meeting
                 Friday, 16 June 1995, 12.40 a.m.
                 New York




President:       Mr. Graf zu Rantzau . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (Germany)

Members:         Argentina . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Nieto
                 Botswana . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Legwaila
                 China . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Qin Huasun
                 Czech Republic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Kovanda
                 France . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Mérimée
                 Honduras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Rendón Barnica
                 Indonesia . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Wisnumurti
                 Italy . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Ferrarin
                 Nigeria . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Ayewah
                 Oman . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Al-Khussaiby
                 Russian Federation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Lavrov
                 Rwanda . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mr. Bakuramutsa
                 United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland . . . . . . . . Sir David Hannay
                 United States of America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mrs. Albright

Agenda

     United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)

             Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to Security Council resolutions 982 (1995) and 987 (1995)
             (S/1995/444)

             Letter dated 9 June 1995 from the Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security Council
             (S/1995/470 and Add.1)




95-85537 (E)                                   This record contains the original text of speeches delivered in English and interpretations of speeches
                                               delivered in the other languages. The final text will be printed in the Official Records of the Security
                                               Council. Corrections should be submitted to original speeches only. They should be incorporated
                                               in a copy of the record and be sent under the signature of a member of the delegation concerned,
                                               within one week of the date of publication, to the Chief of the Verbatim Reporting Section,
                                               room C-178.

Security Council                                                                                         3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                              16 June 1995

     The meeting was called to order at 12.40 a.m.             Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. I should
                                                               like to draw the attention of the members of the Council
Adoption of the agenda                                         to the following revision to be made to the text of the
                                                               draft resolution contained in document S/1995/478 in its
     The agenda was adopted.                                   provisional form. The following should be added at the
                                                               end of paragraph 10:
United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)
                                                                    ", the modalities of financing to be determined
     Report of the Secretary-General pursuant to                    later".
     Security Council resolutions 982 (1995) and 987
     (1995) (S/1995/444)                                       Paragraph 10 will then read:

     Letter dated 9 June 1995 from the Secretary-                         “Decides accordingly to authorize an increase
     General addressed to the President of the Security             in UNPF/UNPROFOR personnel, acting under the
     Council (S/1995/470 and Add.1)                                 present mandate and on the terms set out in the
                                                                    above-mentioned letter, by up to 12,500 additional
      The President: I should like to inform the Council            troops, the modalities of financing to be determined
that I have received a letter from the representatives of           later;”.
Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Egypt, Malaysia and
Turkey in which they request to be invited to participate in         I should like to draw the attention of the members of
the discussion of the item on the Council’s agenda. In         the Council to the following other documents:
conformity with the usual practice, I propose, with the        S/1995/477, identical letters dated 12 June 1995 from the
consent of the Council, to invite those representatives to     Chargé d’Affaires ad interim of the Permanent Mission of
participate in the discussion without the right to vote, in    Morocco to the United Nations addressed to the
accordance with the relevant provisions of the Charter and     Secretary-General and to the President of the Security
rule 37 of the Council’s provisional rules of procedure.       Council; S/1995/480, letter dated 12 June 1995 from the
                                                               Permanent Representative of Kazakstan to the United
     There being no objection, it is so decided.               Nations addressed to the Secretary-General; and
                                                               S/1995/483, letter dated 14 June 1995 from the Chargé
     At the invitation of the President, Mr. Sacirbey          d’Affaires ad interim of the Permanent Mission of Bosnia
     (Bosnia and Herzegovina) took a place at the Council      and Herzegovina to the United Nations addressed to the
     table; Mr. Nobilo (Croatia), Mr. Awaad (Egypt), Mr.       President of the Security Council, transmitting the text of
     Thanarajasingam (Malaysia) and Mr. Güven (Turkey)         a letter of the same date from the Minister for Foreign
     took the places reserved for them at the side of the      Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina addressed to the
     Council Chamber.                                          President of the Security Council.

      The President: The Security Council will now begin           The first speaker is the Minister for Foreign Affairs
its consideration of the item on its agenda. The Council is    of Bosnia and Herzegovina, His Excellency Mr.
meeting in accordance with the understanding reached in its    Muhamed Sacirbey, whom I welcome and whom I invite
prior consultations.                                           to make his statement.

     Members of the Council have before them the report              Mr. Sacirbey (Bosnia and Herzegovina): It is indeed
of the Secretary-General pursuant to Security Council          an honour to be before the members of the Council,
resolutions 982 (1995) and 987 (1995), document                particular you, Sir, who, as President of the Council for
S/1995/444, and a letter dated 9 June 1995 from the            this month, have performed so brilliantly in your task. We
Secretary-General addressed to the President of the Security   also take this opportunity to thank your predecessor, the
Council, documents S/1995/470 and Addendum 1.                  Permanent Representative of France, His Excellency Mr.
                                                               Jean-Bernard Mérimée, for his most able performance last
     Members of the Council also have before them              month, when I was still one of the United Nations
document S/1995/478, which contains the text of a draft        colleagues of Council members.
resolution submitted by the Czech Republic, France,
Germany, Honduras, Netherlands, Oman and the United


2

Security Council                                                                                           3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                16 June 1995

     As a sovereign country facing a most brutal aggression      concessions while the United Nations mission is further
and endeavouring to defend our peoples from premeditated         reduced to irrelevance.
genocide, we have welcomed the assistance of the United
Nations mission in our Republic. Yes, this assistance was             The exclusion zone around Sarajevo is violated by
largely symptomatic relief and, as a whole, has been a poor      the Serbians and ignored by those who are obligated to
substitute for a real remedy addressing our victimization at     enforce it. Now we look forward to deployment of the
the hands of a relentless aggressor. None the less, we once      rapid-reaction capability. It is the expectation of my
again stress our appreciation even for those half-measures,      Government that this mission will seek to reverse the
while continuing our call for real remedies.                     negative process and enable the United Nations mission
                                                                 in our Republic once again to be fully and faithfully
      Maybe we were naive. Maybe by rejecting those half-        implemented.
measures, by demanding our full rights and by calling upon
the world Powers to meet their clear responsibilities in the           In this context, we have given our consent to this
face of aggression and genocide, we would have ultimately        new deployment. We could express notions of scepticism
forced a true remedy. However, we could not afford to be         and even cynicism. Instead, we offer mutual cooperation
so callous, so calculating with the most urgent physical         in the most urgent task before our Government and the
needs of our population, even if some intended by giving         United Nations: to alleviate the humanitarian situation,
us bread to muffle the screams of agony and cries for            loosen the stranglehold on our population and cities and
justice of those who continued to be “ethnically cleansed”,      lift the terrorism targeting civilians and United Nations
shelled and murdered. Still, we also do not wish here to         personnel alike.
seem ungrateful or, especially, insensitive, by not taking the
care to point out that most of those who sought to help our            I think we all know that this is the last chance. And
citizens, especially those courageous men and women of the       based upon experience we will continue to hope for the
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for               best, but must frankly anticipate the least as we consider
Refugees (UNHCR) and the United Nations Protection               our options.
Force (UNPROFOR) and so many other organizations,
offered their help with the purest of motives.                        The President: I thank the Minister for Foreign
                                                                 Affairs of Bosnia and Herzegovina for the kind words he
      Unfortunately, it appears that their good will and         addressed to me.
commitment to mankind, combined with our desperation for
food and other essentials, was taken advantage of by more             The next speaker is the representative of Malaysia.
calculating political forces. We were all lectured that there    I invite him to take a place at the Council table and to
was a choice between humanitarian assistance and the             make his statement.
United Nations mission on the one hand and real remedies
to bring about real peace and justice on the other. But time          Mr. Thanarajasingam (Malaysia): At the outset, let
has shown that there really never was a real dilemma. The        me congratulate you, Sir, on your assumption of the
day of reckoning has come, and manufactured arguments            presidency of the Council for this month and convey our
have been exposed, running down the side of the wall like        appreciation to your predecessor, the Permanent
cheap paint in the midst of a rain storm.                        Representative of France. We also wish to thank the
                                                                 Secretary-General for his report, contained in document
      Even the half-measures that the United Nations             S/1995/444.
mission has offered, which helped sustain our people at one
time, have now almost totally evaporated. Sarajevo,                    Recent events in Bosnia and Herzegovina have led
Srebrenica, Zepa, Gorazde and Bihac are denied any level         us to a situation which calls for a timely review of the
of humanitarian assistance. Their populations are constantly     future role of the United Nations Protection Force
targeted and murdered, and the stranglehold is allowed to        (UNPROFOR). The Bosnian Serbs continue to humiliate
tighten without response.                                        the United Nations by taking its peace-keepers hostage
                                                                 and defying relevant Security Council resolutions, giving
      Furthermore, Serbian forces no longer just hold our        a worldwide impression that the United Nations, and in
civilians hostage to their war aims, but have now become         particular the Security Council, is ineffective in
so emboldened as to take United Nations personnel as             addressing a threat to international peace and security.
human shields. Serbian terrorist tactics produce further


                                                                                                                          3

Security Council                                                                                            3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                 16 June 1995

     Malaysia strongly condemns such cowardly acts and               On Option C, we favour assertive action and are of
demands the immediate and unconditional release of all          the view that this could be undertaken without changing
remaining detained UNPROFOR personnel. We call upon             the existing mandate.
all parties fully to respect the safety of UNPROFOR
personnel and the civilian population.                                As for option D, we do not agree that this option is
                                                                the way to move forward, especially when the Bosnian
     The Working Group of the Organization of the Islamic       Serbs have once again blatantly challenged the will of the
Conference (OIC) on Bosnia and Herzegovina, composed            international community by taking United Nations peaceof OIC Contact Group members and UNPROFOR troop                 keepers hostage. This option will weaken UNPROFOR’s
contributors, has carefully examined the report of the          mandate rather than strengthen it.
Secretary-General and has already presented its position,
which my delegation fully supports.                                   We too believe that a combination of some of the
                                                                elements pertaining to the options contained in the
       Let me at this stage make the following comments         Secretary-General’s report will strengthen UNPROFOR
and observations on the report of the Secretary-General.        and thereby enable it effectively to discharge as well as
The report contains several contradictions and, in some         fully meet its mandate. In this regard, we recall that the
cases, inaccurate information. For example, in paragraph        OIC paper has elaborated the steps which UNPROFOR
67, it is incorrect to indicate that neither party to the       can take in order fully to fulfil its mandate.
conflict seems to have reached the firm conclusion that it
has a better chance of achieving its objectives at the                We welcome the establishment of the rapid reaction
negotiating table than on the battlefield. Indeed, it is only   capacity (RRC) under the command and control of the
the Bosnian Serbs who have rejected the Contact Group           United Nations to assist UNPROFOR in the
peace plan and opted for a military solution. We wish to        implementation of its mandate. UNPROFOR’s mandate
reiterate our demand that the Bosnian Serbs accept the          must be implemented robustly in order to maintain the
peace plan so as to resolve the conflict with a political       credibility and dignity of the United Nations mission in
solution.                                                       Bosnia and Herzegovina. We believe that the RRC should
                                                                also be used for the protection of the civilian population,
      The mandate for UNPROFOR has been clearly spelled         particularly in the safe areas, with air support from the
out in the relevant Security Council resolutions, including     North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), in addition
in the context of Chapter VII of the Charter and its            to the protection of UNPROFOR personnel. The RRC
enforcement. We do not agree with the attempt to                should also establish land corridors for humanitarian aid.
characterize UNPROFOR as merely a peace-keeping                 We feel that it is also timely for the Council now to act
operation and to downplay UNPROFOR’s mandate relating           on the Secretary-General’s earlier report on the safe areas
to its enforcement responsibilities.                            by adopting the heavy option as compared to the present
                                                                light option. We object to any move that would abandon
      The existing mandate suffers from a lack of               the safe areas, and wish to insist that UNPROFOR should
implementation. UNPROFOR should be provided with the            continue to protect the safe areas.
required means for the full implementation of the mandate.
In this regard, our position on the options presented by the         Resolution 836 (1993) permits UNPROFOR to use
Secretary-General is as follows.                                force to protect the safe areas and the civilians in them.
                                                                The mandate is available for UNPROFOR and by
     On Option A, we do not agree that UNPROFOR                 extension NATO to neutralize weapons violating the safe
should withdraw from Bosnia. On the contrary, the United        areas. In this regard, it will be necessary to neutralize the
Nations Force should be increased and strengthened to           surface-to-air missile systems deployed by the Pale Serbs.
enable it fully to implement its mandate.                       The recent downing of the NATO F-16 makes it
                                                                necessary to take such action.
     On Option B, the existing mandate of UNPROFOR
should be retained, but the means of implementation need              As for the exclusion zones, it should be recalled that
to be adapted. We do not agree with maintaining the status      the zone and weapons collection points were set up as an
quo, as this policy has proved to be a failure.                 alternative to air strikes. However, if the weapons
                                                                collection points in the context of reprisals against United
                                                                Nations personnel become an obstacle to implementing


4

Security Council                                                                                            3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                 16 June 1995

the exclusion zones, then these points should be abandoned      the credibility of the Security Council as the organ
and the weapons within them neutralized by air power. We        responsible for the implementation of the Charter. This is
also believe that it is necessary now to withdraw United        because the many resolutions adopted by the Council in
Nations military observers, who have become pawns in the        the framework of Chapter VII have not been implemented
Serb strategy to embarrass the United Nations. The United       and the Council has closed its eyes to this fact, even
Nations should not succumb to Serb blackmail, but has to        though the Charter gives it the right to use force, in the
review the role of the United Nations military observers.       framework of collective security, in order to implement
                                                                resolutions of international legality and to ensure equal
     My delegation also wishes to state in clear terms the      respect for them by all States, large and small, in all parts
need for security guarantees for the Bosnian Government in      of the world, without distinction and on an equal footing.
terms of its right to self-defence, as provided for in the
United Nations Charter, including by lifting the arms                In the light of the Council’s earlier resolutions, the
embargo.                                                        current situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina requires the
                                                                Council to take a strong position from which it can adopt
      We are inclined to go along with the adoption of the      firm resolutions and provide answers to the following
draft resolution before the Council. This adoption, we hope,    questions.
will contribute towards fully enforcing all relevant Security
Council resolutions and act as an effective deterrent to any         First, have the provisions for halting the Serb
coercive measures or violence perpetrated against United        aggression against the territories of the Republic of
Nations personnel and civilian populations in the safe areas.   Bosnia and Herzegovina, including resolutions 757
                                                                (1992), 777 (1992) and others, been implemented?
     Finally, it is equally important that all offers to
strengthen the UNPROFOR presence in Bosnia and                       Secondly, will the United Nations allow a State
Herzegovina should not be sidelined as we proceed with the      Member of the Organization to be annihilated through the
deployment of the RRC.                                          forcible occupation of its territory by a party possessing
                                                                a military arsenal enabling it to launch a military
     The President: I thank the representative of Malaysia      operation from which it continues to benefit through
for his kind words addressed to me.                             aggressive territorial expansion?

      The next speaker is the representative of Egypt. I             Thirdly, the contingents of the United Nations
invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make     Protection Force (UNPROFOR) were deployed to repel
his statement.                                                  that aggression and ensure the protection of civilians.
                                                                Have we provided them with the means to attain the
      Mr. Awaad (Egypt) (interpretation from Arabic):           noble objectives for which they were deployed?
Allow me to congratulate you, Sir, on your assumption of
the presidency of the Council for this month. We are sure            Fourthly, the Council established the concept of
that, through your wisdom and skill, the work of the            “safe areas” in order to protect the unoccupied territories
Council will be crowned with success as it considers the        of Bosnia. Is the Council going to honour that
issues before it.                                               commitment and try to overcome the difficulties resulting
                                                                from the continued Serb occupation of these territories?
    I should also like to congratulate your predecessor, the
Permanent Representative of France, Ambassador Mérimée,               Fifthly, if the situation has worsened because of the
on his efforts as President of the Security Council last        Serb party’s rejection of all international peace efforts and
month.                                                          initiatives, will the international community allow the
                                                                United Nations to renounce its role of putting an end to
    Allow me also to express my support for the statement       the crisis? Will the United Nations withdraw from the
we have just heard by the Minister for Foreign Affairs of       territory and leave the strong aggressor on an equal
Bosnia and Herzegovina.                                         footing with the victim?

     The Security Council is today considering the situation          Sixthly, will the United Nations allow itself to turn
in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which, having entered a new          a blind eye to the policy of racial, religious and political
phase, threatens both the prestige of the United Nations and    discrimination and the policy of “ethnic cleansing”?


                                                                                                                           5

Security Council                                                                                              3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                   16 June 1995

     The Egyptian delegation has studied with interest the        clear framework for the mandate and that UNPROFOR is
Secretary-General’s report submitted to the Council and we        given the operational means to accomplish its tasks.
note that it contains a useful description of certain objective
aspects of some earlier resolutions of the Council.                     Fourthly, Egypt supports the conclusions of the
However, the report also contains certain negative aspects        Secretary-General in paragraph 67 of his report to the
on which we would like to comment, the most important of          effect that the international mediation efforts have come
which are the following.                                          to a standstill and that the Security Council should
                                                                  therefore reassess the situation and adopt another initiative
      First of all, the Egyptian delegation agrees with the       to relaunch the peace process.
Secretary-General that we must highlight the importance of
the credibility of the United Nations. Nevertheless, we wish            Egypt is participating in UNPROFOR with military
to point out that in order to ensure that credibility, we must    forces and also with military and police observers. We
first apply the provisions of the Charter and implement the       pay tribute to the courage of those forces, which are
resolutions of the Security Council in order to force the         accomplishing noble, humanitarian tasks. None the less,
intransigent Serb party to respect the norms of international     the delegation of Egypt reminds the Council and the
legality. Thus, we shall be able to put an end to the threat      Secretariat that Egypt has in the past offered — and is
to international peace and security before dealing with           still prepared to provide — further contingents to
problems of development, environment and human rights,            strengthen UNPROFOR in Bosnia and Herzegovina and
which, as pointed out in paragraph 82 of the report, cannot       help it accomplish the many urgent tasks assigned to it by
be solved unless the region enjoys peace and stability.           the Council: if the United Nations and the UNPROFOR
                                                                  command feel that there is a need for reinforcements,
      Secondly, to call for the demilitarization of the “safe     Egypt would be prepared to consider the possibility.
areas”, in accordance with the Geneva Conventions of 1949
and their Additional Protocols of 1979, will mean that the              Egypt is gratified at NATO’s initiative to establish
last remaining territories of Bosnia and Herzegovina will         a rapid reaction force that would enable UNPROFOR to
consist of defenceless, unarmed civilian populations              defend the safe areas in particular and the population of
subjugated under the Serb occupation. The international           Bosnia and Herzegovina in general; to restore the rule of
community must not accept this. The purpose of the “safe          international law; and to restore to the region the stability
areas” is to provide international protection for the             to which it aspires.
territories and their population, but their demilitarization
will mean that they will be under the Serb forces’                      In conclusion, the delegation of Egypt regrets the
domination if the international forces withdraw or are            fact that the question of Bosnia and Herzegovina has been
unable to ensure their defence.                                   mishandled from the outset: that mishandling is the reason
                                                                  why we are now all frustrated at the doubts expressed by
     The argument that certain Government armed forces            many parties. That mishandling has also played into the
should be included in the demilitarization process is             hands of the Serbs and has encouraged them to defy the
inadmissible. Those forces are there because the territories      Security Council and its resolutions. If the Serbs keep this
are an integral part of Bosnia and Herzegovina and were so        up, the international order will necessarily lose credibility
even before the current conflict in the region began.             and a double standard will have been established that
                                                                  cannot but compromise the position of the international
     Thirdly, the options available to the Council must be        community as a whole.
studied in the light of the detailed information contained in
the report on UNPROFOR’s mandate, because the four                     The President: I thank the representative of Egypt
options cannot be studied in isolation from other options         for his kind words addressed to me.
and possibilities.
                                                                       The next speaker is the Permanent Representative of
      The third option would presuppose a strengthening of        Croatia. I invite him to take a place at the Council table
the mandate, but it would also mean modifying that                and to make his statement.
mandate; this is not admissible because UNPROFOR’s
current mandate, as established by the Security Council, is             Mr. Nobilo (Croatia): Mr. President, my delegation
sufficient. All that is needed is to ensure that there is a       is pleased to see you presiding over the proceedings of
                                                                  the Security Council this month. We are confident that


6

Security Council                                                                                            3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                 16 June 1995

your understanding of the problems in our region and your       Nations — the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina —
generally recognized diplomatic skills will greatly             the extremist Serbs in Pale are continuing their defiance
contribute to the current and forthcoming deliberations of      of international law. The systematic, genocidal campaign
the Council.                                                    pursued by the Pale Serbs continues unchecked. The Pale
                                                                Serbs have intensified their terrorist attacks on the civilian
      I should also like to take this opportunity to pay a      population as well as on UNPROFOR personnel. The
tribute to Ambassador Jean-Bernard Mérimée of France,           Pale Serbs have even declared null and void all the
under whose prudent guidance the Council deliberated            pertinent Security Council resolutions and NATO
during the month of May.                                        decisions. Nevertheless, the most important problem
                                                                continues to be the failure of the international community
     Croatia welcomes the efforts of the Security Council       to distinguish between the aggressors and the victims of
and the international community to bring about a just and       their aggression.
peaceful solution to the crisis in the Republic of Bosnia and
Herzegovina, and will continue to contribute to this as              The international community is committed, under
much as possible under the circumstances. With this in          numerous General Assembly and Security Council
mind, we support the draft resolution before us now in the      resolutions, to preserving the territorial integrity, unity
sincere hope that it will benefit the peace process in Bosnia   and independence of the Republic of Bosnia and
and Herzegovina.                                                Herzegovina. UNPROFOR should implement its existing
                                                                mandate fully and in keeping with this commitment. It
      Croatia welcomes the establishment of the rapid           cannot and should not continue to be a tool for a policy
reaction force and is ready to provide all the logistical       of appeasement.
support required for its successful deployment. It is our
understanding that, while the rapid reaction force will use           As a troop-contributing country we attach great
some command and logistic facilities on the territory of the    importance to the safety and security of United Nations
Republic of Croatia, its theatre of operation will be           personnel. However, we believe that priority number one
exclusively on the territory of the Republic of Bosnia and      was always, and continues to be, the protection of the
Herzegovina. Regarding the possible use of the rapid            civilian population of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
reaction force outside that theatre, the Croatian Government
is of the firm view that any operational use of the rapid            Almost all Security Council resolutions on Bosnia
reaction force on the territory of the Republic of Croatia      and Herzegovina refer to Chapter VII of the Charter. The
may proceed only after consultations with my Government,        United Nations Force in Bosnia and Herzegovina was
and with its prior approval and consent.                        established as a protection force and has never, from the
                                                                very outset, been a traditional peace-keeping force.
     The President: I thank the Permanent Representative
of Croatia for his kind words addressed to me.                        It is the strong conviction of my Government that
                                                                UNPROFOR should be reinforced so that it has the
      The next speaker is the representative of Turkey. I       capability to implement its existing mandate robustly and
invite him to take a place at the Council table and to make     in full. The Turkish Minister of Defence therefore
his statement.                                                  participated actively in the NATO and European Union
                                                                Defence Ministers’ meeting on 3 June in Paris, and
     Mr. Güven (Turkey): Mr. President, it gives me great       supported the meeting’s conclusions.
pleasure to congratulate you on your assumption of the
presidency of the Security Council for this month. We are             Turkey has also stated its readiness to contribute to
confident that, under your able guidance, the Council will      the force that is to be created to provide UNPROFOR
successfully discharge its responsibilities.                    with a rapid reaction capability. Consequently, we believe
                                                                that the adoption of the draft resolution on UNPROFOR
     I should also like to pay a tribute to Ambassador          by the Council will be a step in the right direction. In this
Jean-Bernard Mérimée of France for the remarkable manner        context, I should like to draw particular attention to the
in which he conducted the work of the Council in May.           draft resolution’s operative paragraph 9. We hope that a
                                                                time has come when resolve and firmness will be
     Regrettably, three years after the beginning of the        demonstrated.
aggression against a State Member of the United


                                                                                                                            7

Security Council                                                                                              3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                   16 June 1995

      The defenceless civilian population in the strangulated      deliberately targeted, resulting in an unusually high
and unsafe “safe” areas is coming under constant and brutal        number of casualties. At other times, they have been
terrorist attacks. UNPROFOR’s commitment to protect the            harassed, held hostage, chained, detained, and thoroughly
safe areas pursuant to resolutions 824 (1993) and                  humiliated. UNPROFOR remains the most expensive
836 (1993) has yet to be carried out. UNPROFOR must be             United Nations peace-keeping operation, and yet the
strengthened in such a way as to enable it to act vigorously       achievement of peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina remains
to deter attacks on the safe areas. Furthermore,                   a distant dream.
humanitarian assistance to the safe areas should be secured
by establishing land corridors.                                         In essence, all the arguments in favour of a total
                                                                   withdrawal of the United Nations from Bosnia are
     It will soon be a full year that the Pale Serbs have          present, yet we all agree that Bosnia should not be
been refusing to accept the five-nation Contact Group peace        abandoned, that humanitarian assistance must continue to
plan. This intransigent position on their part is the only         be rendered and that civilian populations must be
stumbling-block in the way of credible peace negotiations.         protected to the extent possible. We also agree that the
                                                                   war must be contained, and that the credibility of the
      Recognition by the former Republic of Yugoslavia             United Nations must not be allowed to suffer irreparably
(Serbia and Montenegro) of Bosnia and Herzegovina within           through a precipitate withdrawal. There lies the dilemma
its internationally recognized borders is also essential for a     of the Security Council and of the international
lasting peace. If Belgrade is sincere in its policy of isolating   community.
Pale, it should side with those Bosnian Serbs who want to
live in a multicultural, multi-religious and democratic                 If we compare this with other situations, we can see
Bosnia and Herzegovina, not with those who long for an             that to talk of having reached a turning-point in the
ethnically pure Greater Serbia. However, and regrettably,          Council’s assessment of the situation in Bosnia and
we still do not see any promising signs that Belgrade is           Herzegovina would almost be an understatement. Indeed,
moving in this direction.                                          my delegation believes that the turning-point has been
                                                                   passed beyond which UNPROFOR’s ability to operate
      If we want to restore the credibility of the United          effectively, efficiently and safely in much of Bosnia and
Nations, we should make a determined stand against                 Herzegovina, on the basis of impartiality and the consent
terrorism and blackmail. Resolute action is long overdue.          of all the parties, may be seriously compromised. The
                                                                   United Nations must therefore endeavour to maintain its
     The President: I thank the representative of Turkey           neutrality and avoid falling down the slippery slope of
for his kind words addressed to me.                                becoming involved as a combatant in the field.

      It is my understanding that the Security Council is               The crisis of the last two and a half weeks —
ready to proceed to the vote on the draft resolution before        following the air strikes — in which UNPROFOR
it, as orally revised in its provisional form. Unless I hear       personnel were detained by the Bosnian Serb forces,
any objection, I shall put the draft resolution to the vote.       many of them in humiliating circumstances and in
                                                                   violation of international norms of military conduct, has
     There being no objection, it is so decided.                   been a source of great concern to my Government. It is
                                                                   concerned not only about the safety of those detained but
     I shall first call on those members of the Council who        about the image of the United Nations, and it is against
wish to make statements before the voting.                         this background that my delegation has carefully
                                                                   considered the recent report of the Secretary-General on
      Mr. Ayewah (Nigeria): Mr. President, today in Bosnia         the performance of UNPROFOR.
and Herzegovina we have in UNPROFOR a United Nations
presence expected to keep the peace, render humanitarian                 In examining this report, we took careful note of the
assistance and promote a peaceful resolution of the conflict       key observations of the Secretary-General, which, inter
through political negotiation. Its performance of this task is     alia, include a reference to the parties’ lingering illusion
premised on the cooperation of the parties to the conflict.        that a military solution to the conflict is possible:
Unfortunately, for most of its stay so far in Bosnia, it           UNPROFOR is not in Bosnia to end or to fight a war, but
cannot be said that UNPROFOR has enjoyed the confidence            to create the necessary conditions for a negotiated
and cooperation of both parties: its personnel have been           settlement. Furthermore, a recurring refrain throughout the


8

Security Council                                                                                             3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                  16 June 1995

report is the emphasis the Secretary-General places on the       vigour. For only then will our decision today be
need for the consent and cooperation of the parties if           considered an appropriate response to the situation.
UNPROFOR is to discharge its duties.
                                                                       In conclusion, we would like to restate our strong
     A related notion is reflected in his remark that military   condemnation of all attacks on UNPROFOR personnel by
protection serves primarily to dissuade random or                whosoever committed. The taking of hostages constitutes
unorganized attacks, and cannot substitute for the consent       an act of terrorism under international law, and it is
and cooperation of the parties. According to the                 unacceptable. We call on the parties, especially the
Secretary-General,                                               Bosnian Serbs, to respect the status of United Nations
                                                                 personnel and to release forthwith and unconditionally
     “consent and cooperation could be assured, in the           those who are still being held. We also call on the parties
     midst of war, only by strict adherence to the peace-        to renounce the military option and to commit themselves
     keeping principles of impartiality and transparency.”       to a resolution of the conflict through political agreement,
     (S/1995/444, para. 56)                                      for which the Contact Group Peace Plan serves as a good
                                                                 starting point.
In the absence of the required consent and cooperation,
only limited measures are available to reduce the risks to            Mr. Lavrov (Russian Federation) (interpretation
the Force’s personnel.                                           from Russian): We look at the draft resolution in the
                                                                 general context of the situation in Bosnia and its possible
      In his report, the Secretary-General has requested the     future development, including from the point of view of
Security Council to spell out UNPROFOR’s mandate in              continuing and enhancing the effectiveness of United
Bosnia clearly and to also clarify the ambiguities               Nations operations.
surrounding its assigned tasks. In this connection, he has
put forward four options for the future of UNPROFOR. The               Nowadays it is often said that the lesson to be
Council’s current response — to increase the number of           learned from the present escalation of the Bosnian crisis
troops in Bosnia to protect UNPROFOR better and enhance          is that measures must be taken to prevent attacks against
its capability to discharge its duties — does not answer         United Nations personnel. While we agree with the
some of the pertinent questions that have been posed by the      grounds for such measures, we think that the main lesson
Secretary-General, nor would it, in our view, enhance            is far broader: that the use of force is not a panacea, and
UNPROFOR’s performance of its duties in the long run, in         that decisive action is needed to achieve a breakthrough
the absence of a cease-fire, a cessation of hostilities,         for a political settlement.
cooperation from both parties and an intensification of the
political process.                                                     In our view, those clear conclusions were reflected
                                                                 in the report of the Secretary-General on the mandate of
      Nevertheless, we have taken note of the assurance that     the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR). One
in spite of the significant increase in the strength of          of the key ideas in the report relates to the need to draw
UNPROFOR through the rapid reaction force, which would           a clear distinction between peace-keeping and peace
have the effect of changing its configuration as a               enforcement operations. In considering the various options
peace-keeping operation, the status and impartiality of          for the future of UNPROFOR, the Secretary-General has
UNPROFOR will be maintained. Given my Government’s               noted the advantages that could be gained by a return to
view that countries in the region, particularly those with       a purely peace-keeping function for the operation. We
some leverage, have a primary responsibility in terms of         think those arguments are very convincing.
initiatives to resolve this crisis, and given our commitment
not to abandon Bosnia as it tries to defend its sovereignty            We are convinced that, independent of the question
and territorial integrity, my delegation will go along with      of the draft resolution, the assessment set out in the report
the present draft resolution. In this context, we appreciate     of the Secretary-General remains valid for the future work
the readiness of the Governments of France, the United           of the Council, and not just on the question of Bosnia. In
Kingdom and the Netherlands to provide up to 12,500              principle, we favour enhancing the security of United
additional troops to augment UNPROFOR’s strength. It is          Nations personnel, including through providing
the hope of my Government that, while we are improving           UNPROFOR with a rapid-reaction capability. Russia is as
UNPROFOR’s protection and capability, initiatives on the         interested as others in ending the treacherous actions
diplomatic political track will resume and be pursued with       against peace-keeping personnel, whatever their source.


                                                                                                                            9

Security Council                                                                                           3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                16 June 1995

But strengthening UNPROFOR’s ability to protect the lives              We also proposed referring in the draft resolution to
and safety of its peace-keepers should in no way make            the inadmissible violations of the arms embargo in former
United Nations forces a party to the conflict.                   Yugoslavia, including in Bosnia; that proposal was not
                                                                 accepted. These violations fuel the conflict, engender
      It is of paramount importance that the draft resolution    illusions about the possibility of resolving it by military
clearly calls for the maintenance of UNPROFOR’s                  means, and have a negative impact on the safety of the
impartial, peace-keeping nature and for the retention of         peace-keepers. The Security Council must take genuine
present decision-making procedures and rules of                  steps to put an end to this heedless attitude towards
engagement. We are grateful to the sponsors for taking into      resolution 713 (1991).
account several of our other proposals as well, including
that relating to the demilitarization of the safe areas. We           We are also concerned about the haste with which
call on both sides to facilitate the implementation of that      the draft resolution was brought before the Council. The
idea, which would make it possible to prevent the                Secretary-General’s document on financial implications
emergence of hotbeds of tension around these areas and to        appeared only a few hours ago. But the main thing is that
prevent the possible misuse of their status, especially for      the Council did not have time to agree on reliable
preparing military attacks. It would also enhance the safety     guarantees against attempts to use the rapid-reaction force
of the peaceful civilians living there. It is extremely          to involve UNPROFOR in a war. Such attempts are
important that, as stated in the draft resolution, measures to   already under way; we cannot ignore them.
strengthen UNPROFOR should be implemented in
consultation with all parties.                                        We do not expect this to happen; we expect that the
                                                                 administration of the United Nations operation, which
      At the same time, some of our important proposed           bears a great responsibility, will display the necessary
amendments were not taken into account. Specifically, the        wisdom and care in implementing the decision with
draft resolution does not manage to avoid the impression         respect to possible action by the rapid-reaction force and
that the rapid reaction force is intended to operate against     carefully take into account the possible consequences of
one of the Bosnian parties. We fully share the anger over        any acts of force, so as not to allow further use of force
inadmissible acts committed by Bosnian Serbs, to which the       in Bosnia or a repetition of the hostage crisis — and
draft resolution refers in detail. But we cannot fail to note    ultimately so as not to permit the situation to be played
that the Government of Bosnia and Herzegovina too bears          out according to the Somalia scenario.
responsibility for provocations, for violating agreements and
for direct attacks on UNPROFOR. Today not only the                    We also expect that the main efforts of the
Serbs but Government forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina            administration of the United Nations operations will be
are blockading UNPROFOR peace-keepers.                           focused on ensuring the cooperation of both parties,
                                                                 having them conclude a cease-fire agreement and putting
      A few days ago the Government of Bosnia and                a decisive end to hostilities.
Herzegovina issued an ultimatum to the Canadian
contingent near Visoko, demanding the withdrawal of two                In the light of all the circumstances which I have
observation posts, which were then subjected to mortar and       mentioned, Russia will be forced to abstain in the voting.
artillery fire. As we speak, Government forces of Bosnia         At the same time, we feel that it is necessary once again
and Herzegovina are attempting a massive attack in the           to call quite seriously upon all parties to the conflict to
Sarajevo region. We warned about this threat and proposed        forgo any attempt to resolve their differences on the
that the Security Council express its concern about this         battlefield; rather, they should try to do so at the
matter in the very text of the draft resolution. That proposal   negotiating table.
was not adopted.
                                                                      As was indicated at the meeting of the Foreign
      We now face a serious escalation of the military           Ministers of the Contact Group in the Netherlands, Russia
situation in Bosnia. We have no doubt about the right of         assumes that it is necessary to make additional efforts to
Governments to choose any policy. But if United Nations          give a new impetus to the settlement process. In this
forces are in a country and if Security Council resolutions      context, the key issue is the question of ending the
have been adopted on the matter, there is a concomitant          sanctions against Belgrade. The possibilities of the
obligation to implement the decisions of the Council.            negotiating process have not been fully exhausted and we
                                                                 will continue to cooperate with all in a political


10

Security Council                                                                                            3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                 16 June 1995

settlement, especially with our partners here in the Security    attach special significance to the fact that the rapid
Council and in the Contact Group and with all who favour         reaction force will be an integral part of the United
peace over war.                                                  Nations peace-keeping operation.

      Mr. Wisnumurti (Indonesia): At the outset, I would               In this context, the Council must do its utmost to
like on behalf of the Indonesian delegation to express our       ensure that the decision it is about to take today will
sincere appreciation to the sponsors of the draft resolution.    make significant and positive contributions towards
We are particularly grateful that the sponsors have              altering the unacceptable status quo. We realize that the
responded to various suggestions and proposals submitted         support and cooperation of the parties concerned is a
by a number of delegations, including the Caucus of the          prerequisite for any peace-keeping operation. However,
Non-Aligned Movement.                                            throughout UNPROFOR’s presence in Bosnia and
                                                                 Herzegovina, this requirement has been manipulated by
      The draft resolution addresses many of the important       the Bosnian Serbs, thereby incrementally eroding the
issues raised by the Secretary-General in his report and his     authority of the Force. Such brazen tactics should not be
letter of 9 June 1995. We deeply appreciate the                  continuously responded to either by inaction or by
Secretary-General’s comprehensive analysis of the                appeasement; rather, they should be addressed with
implementation of the mandate of the United Nations              decisiveness to ensure the effective implementation of
Protection Force (UNPROFOR) and his presentation of a            Security Council resolutions. This is indispensable if
set of options regarding its future role. The Council’s          UNPROFOR is to maintain its credibility.
consideration of these options and of concrete proposals to
reinforce UNPROFOR evolved from these options, as                      One of the most important tasks of UNPROFOR is
outlined in the Secretary-General’s letter did not, of course,   to protect safe areas from armed attacks or any other
take place in isolation from recent developments in the          hostile acts. Lately, we have witnessed incessant and
field. In this regard, my delegation is pleased to note that     indiscriminate attacks on the civilian population by the
the draft resolution seeks to address both the long-             Bosnian Serbs, particularly in Sarajevo, which have
established shortcomings of the peace-keeping missions and       resulted in civilian casualties. Consequently, it has
those which have been brought to the fore by recent              become increasingly obvious that the safe areas have
developments.                                                    become unsafe areas. For this reason, the deployment of
                                                                 a rapid reaction force should address, in particular, the
      The steady deterioration of the situation in Bosnia and    issue of enhancing UNPROFOR’s capability in insuring
Herzegovina has served to bring into greater focus the           the security of the civilian population.
many unacceptable facets of the conflict: obstruction of
deliveries of humanitarian assistance, hostage taking,                 We are cognizant of the calls for the demilitarization
intensified and unprovoked attacks on safe areas and             of safe areas as a means to enhance the protection of the
civilian population, as well as those on UNPROFOR                civilian population therein. My delegation believes,
personnel and, of course, the abhorrent policy of “ethnic        however, that demilitarization which is confined to the
cleansing”. The Council has on many occasions pronounced         safe areas is inherently unjust, since it is tantamount to
its condemnation of these acts in unmistakable terms, which      depriving the victims of the necessary means to protect
are exemplified in the draft resolution.                         themselves while leaving the aggressors free to continue
                                                                 and intensify their wanton attacks from the surrounding
      The draft, however, goes beyond expressions of             areas and thereby strengthening the military advantage of
condemnation and concern. Its basic thrust is to provide         the Bosnian Serbs. This will provide the aggressors with
UNPROFOR with the necessary means more effectively to            the incentive to further encroach upon the territorial
implement its mandate. This is a paramount objective which       integrity of Bosnia and Herzegovina and renew their
my delegation fully endorses. The establishment of the           campaign of “ethnic cleansing”. It is in this context that
rapid reaction force is an important step in giving              the Non-Aligned Movement Caucus has proposed that
UNPROFOR increased tactical and operational flexibility in       demilitarization based on mutual agreements should apply
the field that will enable it more effectively to protect safe   not only to the safe areas, but also to their immediate
areas and civilian populations, protect UNPROFOR                 surroundings. My delegation is pleased to note that the
personnel, ensure unimpeded access for humanitarian              sponsors have agreed to this proposal, as reflected in the
assistance, in particular in the safe areas, and perform other   draft resolution.
duties in accordance with its mandate. Furthermore, we


                                                                                                                          11

Security Council                                                                                            3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                 16 June 1995

     In this connection, it is essential to emphasize that            In his report the Secretary-General points out with
agreement on demilitarization of safe areas and their           great clarity and precision the main obstacles to the
immediate surroundings should be arrived at with due            attainment of the purposes for which UNPROFOR was
regard for the need to respect the sovereignty, territorial     established. One of the main obstacles, as I have already
integrity and political independence of the Republic of         said, is the parties’ lack of will to reach a solution to the
Bosnia and Herzegovina, in accordance with the Charter of       conflict through peaceful negotiation. Another obstacle is
the United Nations, including its right to defend itself, as    the lack of desire to cooperate with the United Nations
alluded to in the draft resolution.                             peace-keeping operation, which consequently finds itself
                                                                with limited scope for action, exposed to constant
     Finally, my delegation would like to stress that, while    criticism and attacks from both sides. The persistence of
we support a more robust UNPROFOR, it is imperative that        this crisis therefore makes it necessary to adapt the United
a search for a political settlement be vigorously pursued, as   Nations operation to the political realities and
emphasized in the draft resolution. In this context, we         circumstances prevailing in Bosnia and Herzegovina in an
support the demand that the Bosnian Serb party accept the       effort to relaunch the peace process.
peace plan proposed by the Five-Nation Contact Group.
                                                                     The purpose of UNPROFOR is to keep the peace,
      My delegation expresses the hope that the adoption of     not impose it. A revision of UNPROFOR’s mandate in
the draft resolution will create a climate conducive to         order to allow it to take military action without the
reaching agreement on a cease-fire and a complete               cooperation of one of the parties or to ensure the
cessation of hostilities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, which       protection of its own personnel was not a viable
would facilitate the efforts to reach a comprehensive           possibility. This would have distorted its objectives
political settlement.                                           without ensuring cooperation by the parties and would
                                                                also have run the risk that the parties might take more
      In this light, my delegation will vote in favour of the   radical positions and that they might consider the United
draft resolution.                                               Nations presence in the country to be biased.

     Mr. Rendón Barnica (Honduras) (interpretation from               Taking all these aspects into account, my delegation
Spanish): The delegation of Honduras wishes first of all to     studied the proposal for the integration of a rapid reaction
thank the Secretary-General for his report submitted            force under United Nations command and available to
pursuant to Security Council resolutions 982 (1995) and         UNPROFOR as a solution that would help the operation
987 (1995). The report deals realistically and frankly with     fulfil its mandate, maintain security for its units, help its
the central aspects of the situation in Bosnia and              redeployment and facilitate its movements. My delegation
Herzegovina, as well as with the factors that have led to the   supports this proposal not only because its objective is to
virtual paralysis in the fulfilment of the objectives of the    strengthen UNPROFOR’s capacity to fulfil it mandate
United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR).                     while reducing the risk to its personnel, but also because,
                                                                above all, it will continue to be a peace-keeping
      The recent tragic events in the Republic of Bosnia and    operation.
Herzegovina, which followed the conclusion of the
agreement on a cessation of hostilities and which,                   In his report the Secretary-General refers to the
regrettably, led to the resumption of military action and the   deficiencies inherent in the “safe area” regime, which
loss of precious human lives in the “safe areas” of             limit UNPROFOR’s capacity to carry out its mandate
Sarajevo, Banja Luka and Tuzla and to a situation of            effectively and to prevent deliberate attacks originating
insecurity for the United Nations personnel that make up        from and directed against these areas. In his report of 1
UNPROFOR, demonstrated the parties lack of will to              December 1994 the Secretary-General had already pointed
resolve the conflict by peaceful means as well as their         out that in order to apply the “safe area” concept
inaccurate assessment of UNPROFOR’s objectives in that          successfully, it was necessary to accept, among other
country. These facts have brought home to the Council the       things, the fundamental principle that the purpose of the
need to conduct a review of the peace-keeping operation in      “safe areas” is to protect the civilian population and not
Bosnia and Herzegovina so that, while making its personnel      to defend territories or military positions and that
less vulnerable, it can also enhance their capacity to fulfil   UNPROFOR’s protection of these areas is not intended to
UNPROFOR’s objectives.                                          make UNPROFOR a party to the conflict. The Secretary-General stated that in order to achieve the primary


12

Security Council                                                                                             3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                  16 June 1995

objective of the “safe areas” — the protection of the            military solution to the conflict. My delegation will
civilian population and the handing over of territories — it     therefore vote in favour of the draft resolution in the hope
was necessary to change the present regime, including            that its adoption will contribute substantially to the
norms for the delimitation of the areas and their complete       attainment of reconciliation and peace in the region of the
demilitarization. He also said that the capacity of one of the   Balkans.
parties to maintain its troops, weapons and military
installations inside a “safe area” results in a situation that        Mr. Qin Huasun (China) (interpretation from
is in itself unstable and that encourages attacks by the         Chinese): The Chinese delegation has been following
opposing party, and that the use of force by UNPROFOR            closely the developments in Bosnia and Herzegovina and
to repel that type of attack in defence of the “safe areas” is   is deeply sympathetic with the Bosnian people in the
inevitably interpreted as taking sides in the conflict, which    sufferings brought on them by war. We sincerely hope to
has a destabilizing effect throughout Bosnia and                 see an early end to the conflict and war there.
Herzegovina.
                                                                       The Bosnian crisis is now at a critical moment. It is
      These views, which we share, were reiterated by the        therefore imperative for the international community and
Secretary-General in his report of last 30 May. We believe       all the parties concerned to do whatever they can to
the military presence of the parties in the “safe areas” or      ensure that the cease-fire be restored between the parties
the launching of attacks from or against them is totally         in Bosnia and Herzegovina, all hostilities, bloodshed and
inconsistent with the fundamental principles that should         conflicts be stopped and a solution acceptable to all be
govern these areas and, in essence, are one of the causes of     found through patient and pragmatic negotiations so that
the current situation of destabilization in the region and the   the cease-fire will become a lasting peace and a new
risky, difficult situation now facing UNPROFOR in the            stable peace mechanism will be established in Bosnia and
fulfilment of its mandate. We must therefore express our         Herzegovina. At the same time, we wish to reiterate that
agreement with the provisions of the draft resolution we are     any solution should ensure the sovereignty and territorial
going to vote on, as it highlights the need to demilitarize      integrity of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and
the “safe areas” by mutual agreement.                            that the legitimate rights and interests of all ethnic groups
                                                                 in Bosnia and Herzegovina should be fully respected.
      My delegation also shares the views of the Council of
General Affairs of the European Union, as contained in its             A United Nations peace-keeping operation, as the
declaration on the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina,          name indicates, is for the purpose of keeping peace rather
adopted last 29 May. The deliberate bombardment of the           than fighting. United Nations peace-keeping efforts should
civilian population in the “safe areas” and the taking of        therefore be aimed at creating conditions for peace rather
United Nations soldiers and observers as hostages are            than aggravating crises. This is the fundamental starting
completely unacceptable acts that must be condemned by           point and ultimate objective of the Security Council in
the entire international community. The persons still being      making decisions on peace-keeping operations. The draft
held must be released immediately and unconditionally. We        resolution before us calls for the establishment a rapid
recognize that the work done by UNPROFOR personnel is            reaction force in Bosnia and Herzegovina under Chapter
difficult and dangerous, and we wish to express to them our      VII of the Charter. The establishment of this force is for
respect for their courage and dedication.                        the purpose of enforcement actions and brings about a de
                                                                 facto change to the peace-keeping status of UNPROFOR.
      I wish to conclude by saying that my delegation is a       Once the force is put into operation, it is bound to
co-sponsor of the present draft resolution because it            become a party to the conflict, thus depriving
contains the elements that we consider essential for             UNPROFOR of its status as a peace-keeping force. There
resolving the conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina: it asserts     have already been important lessons for United Nations
that it is only through peaceful means that the parties can      peace-keeping operations in this regard, and one should
arrive at a lasting solution, it appeals to the parties to       avoid committing similar errors.
cooperate effectively with the United Nations mission, it
ensures the protection of UNPROFOR personnel and the                    However, while the ambiguity in the mandate of
capacity of UNPROFOR to fulfil its mandate, it addresses         UNPROFOR referred to in the Secretary-General’s report
the problems of the “safe areas” realistically and it urges      still exists, calls have been made consistently to expand
the parties to negotiate a cease-fire and a cessation of         UNPROFOR further before certain major issues are
hostilities by making it clear to them that there can be no      resolved, in total disregard of the basic principles


                                                                                                                           13

Security Council                                                                                             3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                  16 June 1995

governing peace-keeping operations. This trend, if it                   Botswana has never been attracted to the option of
continues, will not help settle the question of Bosnia and        withdrawing the United Nations Protection Force
Herzegovina, but rather will severely damage the credibility      (UNPROFOR) from Bosnia. Botswana has in the past
of the Security Council and the United Nations as a whole,        resisted the withdrawal of the United Nations peacewhich cannot but cause grave concern.                             keeping operations elsewhere, and we are not about to
                                                                  accept the abandonment of the people of Bosnia in their
      We are of the view that the establishment of a rapid        hour of peril. The international community has a moral
reaction force will lead to many political and military           responsibility to help in any way possible the innocent
complications. Moreover, it will substantially increase           people of Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, the actions
United Nations peace-keeping expenditure. At a time when          of the parties, particularly those of the Serbs, have not
the United Nations is in a financial crisis, it is all the more   inspired confidence in us in the past, and there is no
necessary for the Security Council to act within the means        reason to expect them to behave differently in the future.
available to it, without wilfully increasing the burden of the    They have made no fresh, credible commitments to
States Members of the United Nations. It is therefore             cooperate with UNPROFOR, and, even if they did, would
neither appropriate nor desirable to finance the                  we really believe them? Yet this is absolutely necessary
establishment of the rapid reaction force from the United         if UNPROFOR is successfully to execute its mandate.
Nations peace-keeping budget. According to the amended            The onus to make peace or wage war rests with the
text, financing modalities will be determined later. This is      people of Bosnia and Herzegovina — both Bosnians and
unprecedented in the history of United Nations peace-             Serbs — and not with the Security Council. If they
keeping operations and may not prove beneficial to this           choose war, as they increasingly seem inclined to do, they
operation either.                                                 should know that the United Nations presence in their
                                                                  country is incompatible with the ends of war.
     It is on this basis that we repeatedly put forward an
amendment on this issue in the informal consultations.                  The spectacle of United Nations peace-keepers taken
However, our reasonable amendment was not fully                   hostage, some of them tied to poles like sacrificial lambs,
accepted, which the Chinese delegation regrets.                   has outraged my delegation beyond belief. It has always
                                                                  been unacceptable to us that UNPROFOR troops often
     The Chinese delegation cannot support this draft             have been targeted for attack by the parties to the conflict
resolution, since many of its elements run counter to our         in Bosnia and openly criticized and condemned by those
principled position, a position which we wish to place on         they are supposed to be helping maintain peace, but for
record. However, taking into account the fact that many           the Serbs to actually chain them to poles, bridges and
developing countries wish the Security Council to take            other objects was the worst humiliation of United Nations
appropriate measures to alleviate the very pressing crisis in     personnel and a callous demonstration of total disrespect
Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as the fact that the draft        for the authority of the United Nations. The Bosnian
resolution stresses the importance of a political settlement      Serbs should unconditionally release the United Nations
to the Bosnian question and of protecting the security of         peace-keepers they are still holding hostage and remove
United Nations peace-keeping personnel and that it has            all the restrictions they have placed on those they have
incorporated some of our amendments, the Chinese                  blockaded.
delegation will abstain on the draft resolution before us.
                                                                       The pertinent question to raise concerning this issue,
      Mr. Legwaila (Botswana): The Secretary-General’s            as does the Secretary-General in paragraph 60 of his
report (S/1995/444) provides a candid and honest                  report, is:
assessment of the latest developments in Bosnia and
Herzegovina. We have noted in particular, and carefully                “whether UNPROFOR is to be a peace-keeping
studied, the options that he outlined and the analysis of              operation, conducting itself in accordance with the
their implications. The crisis in Bosnia has indeed put the            established principles and practices for such
reputation and credibility of the United Nations on the line,          operations, or an enforcement operation”
and it is right for the Secretary-General to alert the Security        (S/1995/444, para. 60).
Council to the wider ramifications of the situation in that
country.                                                                This question is central to the continued presence of
                                                                  UNPROFOR in Bosnia. We had hoped that the debate on
                                                                  this rather intractable question would have featured more


14

Security Council                                                                                              3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                   16 June 1995

prominently in the draft resolution before us, given that the     the Government of Bosnia has accepted the Contact
Mission, as presently configured and operated, does not           Group peace plan and that the Serbs have rejected it. Had
enjoy the full cooperation of the parties to the conflict - an    the Serbs accepted the plan, it is likely that Bosnia would
indispensable condition in peace-keeping. Unfortunately, the      not be in the kind of terrible situation in which it is today.
situation on the ground seems to have dictated differently.
We have decided to increase the number of troops in the                 We wish the new-look UNPROFOR were operating
field, complete with a rapid reaction capacity, and to put at     under different conditions than those that currently obtain
their disposal enough fire-power to defend themselves more        on the ground. I must repeat: a cease-fire is a must,
robustly.                                                         because you cannot keep peace where there is no ceasefire, where hostilities continue unabated. If there is no
      The basic complicating factor in the Bosnian conflict       cease-fire, our efforts in Bosnia will continue to be futile.
is the absence of a cease-fire. There can be no peace-            We wish the men and women of UNPROFOR success in
keeping without a cease-fire, because if there is no cease-       the tasks ahead. Theirs has thus far been an impossible
fire, there is no peace to keep.                                  task.

      We have nothing against strengthening the United                 Mr. Kovanda (Czech Republic): The disparity
Nations force in Bosnia. We are, however, a little                between the objectives and the mandate of the United
concerned about the possibility of UNPROFOR getting               Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR), on the one hand,
engulfed in that senseless and wasteful war. We have taken        and the wherewithal at its disposal, on the other has
note of the fact that the rapid-reaction force will operate       always been one of the most vexing problems bedeviling
under peace-keeping rules of engagement. There are still,         that operation. In seeking compliance with Security
however, lingering questions begging to be asked. A simple        Council resolutions, and indeed in protecting its own
one is: have we drawn any lessons from the troubles that          personnel, UNPROFOR has had a widely bifurcated
have brought us to this terrible pass? And under what             choice between two options: its own persuasive abilities,
circumstances exactly would the rapid-reaction force be           and air power.
called in? Is NATO air power still relevant, or has it been
superseded by the rapid-reaction force? How are we going                UNPROFOR’s persuasive abilities, never a terribly
to treat the parties if they continue to behave in the way        strong choice, have been dissipating with every additional
they have behaved in the past? Are we now going to                failure, with every additional concession. And yet
engage them militarily? And are the UNPROFOR troops               UNPROFOR leadership demonstrated a marked
going to be quartered in large camps à la Somalia in order        reluctance, a distaste even, for employing air power, a
to afford them protection?                                        reluctance that bothered many observers, who felt it
                                                                  overly cautious. As events of the past weeks have
      Here are some more questions: what will be the              demonstrated, that caution was appropriate. From the
parties’ perception of this rapid-reaction force? Have we         military point of view, UNPROFOR indeed turned out to
ascertained their perceptions? Will they treat it as impartial?   be extremely vulnerable, and the Bosnian Serb hostage-In his report, the Secretary-General has attributed the           taking demonstrated that for all to see.
current crisis in the implementation of the mandate of the
United Nations mission in Bosnia to attempts to make it                 The taking of hostages is reprehensible and
serve the purposes of both peace-keeping and peace-               despicable. It has been described as a terrorist act, and we
enforcement. In our present efforts to enhance the capacity       agree with that description. It cannot be tolerated by the
of UNPROFOR to better implement its mandate, we should            international community. The hostage crisis is a crisis for
guard against creating the perception in the eyes of the          all of UNPROFOR at least, and is the main reason why
parties to the conflict that UNPROFOR is a peace-                 the Czech Republic supports, indeed has joined in
enforcement mission, which it is not and should not be.           sponsoring, the draft resolution before the Council.

     All these questions and the concerns we have raised               On the initiative of France and Britain, the two
cannot detract from our sympathy with the Government of           countries whose UNPROFOR contingents are the largest,
Bosnia and Herzegovina, a Government we recognize. We             and of the Netherlands, we are now authorizing the
have voted in favour of all Security Council and General          sending of a rapid-reaction force which will bring into
Assembly resolutions condemning the Serb forces. We are           better alignment the mandate of UNPROFOR and the
also very much aware — painfully aware, in fact — that            means at its disposal. A tank or an armoured personnel


                                                                                                                             15

Security Council                                                                                           3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                16 June 1995

carrier is surely the appropriate instrument to assure safe      happening again. The brave men and women of
passage in sniper or ambush territory or to remove               UNPROFOR and the North Atlantic Treaty Organization
obstacles to the delivery of humanitarian supplies, the kind     (NATO) are performing difficult humanitarian tasks
of instrument we have always needed. It will not help with       amidst great danger; they are striving to keep alive the
the release of the hostages who are still in captivity, who      possibility of a negotiated end to this conflict without
include two of our nationals, but surely it will prevent a       further bloodshed; they deserve protection. We are
repetition of such action. In this respect, the rapid-reaction   supporting the deployment of a rapid-reaction force for
force fills the space between persuasion and air power.          the purpose of providing that protection and to make
                                                                 UNPROFOR better able to carry out its mandate on
      Several aspects of this draft resolution are important     behalf of the international community and the Bosnian
for us: it preserves the peace-keeping nature of                 people.
UNPROFOR. It is easy to argue — now, regrettably and
alarmingly, perhaps even more than at other times — that               We have no illusions about the difficulties
in Bosnia and Herzegovina there is no peace to keep. But         UNPROFOR faces, even as its defensive capabilities are
the important aspect is that, peace or not, UNPROFOR is          enhanced. The responsibility for allowing UNPROFOR to
not turning into a peacemaking or a peace-enforcement            operate safely and effectively falls squarely on those
operation. For this reason, too, we are satisfied that           parties who would interfere with its operations. But
Chapter VII of the Charter is invoked only in the context of     despite interference, and despite the unsatisfactory nature
UNPROFOR’s self-defence and freedom of movement, and             of the current situation, my Government still believes that
that the draft resolution is in this regard not breaking any     the continued presence of UNPROFOR provides the best
new ground. We also reiterate the impartial status of            opportunity to keep this conflict from spreading and the
UNPROFOR. The Security Council, thus, through this draft         best chance for avoiding further destruction and civilian
resolution would emphasize once again that peaceful              deaths.
negotiations, not war, are the way to settle the conflict;
peaceful negotiations which should take the Contact Group             I have spoken of the responsibility of the parties, in
peace plan as a starting point.                                  the plural, but I am not speaking here of moral
                                                                 equivalence. The Bosnian Serbs are the party that has
      We are happy to have the very welcome agreement of         taken United Nations personnel hostage in gross violation
the Government of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina         of international law. It is the Bosnian Serbs who have
with the deployment of the rapid-reaction force — and            committed the greatest violence against non-military
from the legal point of view, no other party can veto it, of     targets. It is the Bosnian Serbs who have been guilty most
course. However, practical considerations make it necessary      frequently of obstructing the delivery of humanitarian
that conversations and contacts should proceed with all          supplies. And it is the Bosnian Serbs who have
parties, in order to win their acquiescence, if not their        consistently rejected the Contact Group plan.
agreement, at least ex post facto if not in advance. We
encourage the Secretary-General to proceed with efforts                My Government supports establishment of the rapid
along these lines.                                               reaction force, but we cannot do so honestly without
                                                                 confronting squarely the substantial funding implications
     Mrs. Albright (United States of America): The United        that such a decision entails. My Government requested a
States supports the establishment of a rapid-reaction force      modification to the draft resolution because we strongly
within the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR),           believe that the costs of the rapid reaction force should
and we will materially support its deployment and its            not be financed through the assessment process. We vote
operations. UNPROFOR must be able to defend itself if it         in favour of this draft resolution on the clear
is to implement its mandate in full. It is vital that            understanding that by doing so we are not incurring any
UNPROFOR remain, and be effective, in Bosnia.                    direct financial obligation. To put the matter simply, in a
                                                                 time of serious budgetary cutbacks we are not now
     As the events of recent weeks have demonstrated so          prepared to pay the lion’s share of the cost of expanding
vividly, UNPROFOR is vulnerable, and, as a consequence,          this Force.
its mission is vulnerable. We were outraged at the seizure
of hostages, and we call for the unconditional release of              As Members of the Council know, the issue of
those still being held. We are determined to take steps to       financing United Nations peace-keeping operations on a
prevent such incidents of illegality and obstruction from        satisfactory and timely basis is troublesome. The primary


16

Security Council                                                                                          3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                               16 June 1995

reason is UNPROFOR, which is the largest and most                   In summary, then, my Government supports
complex peace-keeping force the United Nations has ever        deployment of a rapid reaction force for the purpose of
mounted. Its size and expense affects the United Nations       defending UNPROFOR personnel and enabling the peaceability to budget for its other peace-keeping operations.      keeping mission to fulfil its mandate in a more robust and
Furthermore, the normal peace-keeping assessment regime,       successful fashion. But, because of the enormous cost of
created for a very different set of circumstances, may no      UNPROFOR and the current budgetary situation in
longer be adequate to the task of supporting UNPROFOR.         Washington, the United States cannot agree to funding the
To rationalize the entire process, my Government believes      rapid deployment force through the normal United
that we must re-examine urgently the way in which              Nations peace-keeping assessment process. Nevertheless,
UNPROFOR is funded. Indeed, nothing in this draft              we stand ready to consider all reasonable alternatives.
resolution precludes consideration by the Advisory
Committee on Administrative and Budgetary Questions and             The President: The Council will now proceed to the
the Fifth Committee of a voluntary payment mechanism for       vote on the draft resolution contained in document
the rapid reaction force.                                      S/1995/478, as orally revised in its provisional form.

      When the rapid reaction force for Bosnia was first            A vote was taken by show of hands.
proposed, it was our understanding that it would be
financed outside normal peace-keeping assessment               In favour:
procedures, and we so informed our Congress and our                 Argentina, Botswana, Czech Republic, France,
public. In the British, French and Dutch proposal annexed           Germany, Honduras, Indonesia, Italy, Nigeria,
to the Secretary-General’s letter of 9 June, we learned that        Oman, Rwanda, United Kingdom of Great Britain
our allies sought payment through normal peace-keeping              and Northern Ireland, United States of America
assessments. We have been struggling with that request
ever since.                                                    Against:
                                                                   None
      Although we are voting in favour of this draft
resolution today, we want to make it very clear that we are    Abstaining:
not endorsing that passage in the annex to the                      China, Russian Federation
Secretary-General’s letter of 9 June that proposes payment
through normal United Nations peace-keeping assessments.             The President: The result of the voting is as
There are other methods to finance a force of this kind. The   follows: 13 in favour, none against and 2 abstentions. The
normal peace-keeping method stated in the annex is an          draft resolution, as orally revised in its provisional form,
expression of intent by the British, French and Dutch          has been adopted as resolution 998 (1995).
Governments; it does not represent my Government’s
position; and the draft resolution makes it clear that the         I shall now call on those members of the Council
Council has yet to decide how this force will be funded.       who wish to make statements following the voting.

     Because we do support the early deployment of the               Sir David Hannay (United Kingdom): Two and a
force, we will need to work out suitable financing in the      half months ago this Council voted to continue the
days ahead. In doing so, we should bear in mind, my            presence of the United Nations Protection Force
Government believes, the extraordinary funding                 (UNPROFOR) in Bosnia. At that time I said that my
requirements of UNPROFOR, particularly in comparison           Government was increasingly concerned by the slide
with any other single peace-keeping operation or even all      towards an intensified war, that this would increase the
others combined. For that reason, we simply cannot conduct     difficulties that UNPROFOR faced and that it might even
business as usual when it comes to expanding this mission.     call into question its ability to remain.

     We are prepared to discuss the options with an open             The events of the last few weeks have shown all too
mind. Perhaps participating nations could take the lead in     clearly how easy it is for matters to escalate rapidly.
paying their own way and forgoing reimbursement. Perhaps       UNPROFOR has been blocked at every turn from
a voluntary fund could be established to help cover some of    pursuing its mandate — the mandate which both parties
the costs. These and other ideas are worth exploring. What     had previously accepted. It has been intimidated and
is important is doing so seriously and soon.                   attacked; its personnel have been taken hostage. It is even


                                                                                                                        17

Security Council                                                                                         3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                              16 June 1995

being denied the ability to resupply its own troops in the            But let us be very clear: UNPROFOR’s withdrawal
eastern enclaves. We strongly condemn the taking of             will not be an easy or a pain-free option. Those who
hostages and other actions against UNPROFOR personnel           contemplate withdrawal must think very carefully about
which obstruct it from doing its job. We demand the             the humanitarian consequences and the wider implications
immediate and unconditional release of all remaining            for the security of the region.
hostages and call for UNPROFOR to be given full freedom
of movement throughout its area of operations.                        We applaud the efforts of the United Nations
                                                                commanders on the ground and their troops in
      It is against this background that my Government and      maintaining a firm line throughout the current crisis. We
those of France, the Netherlands and other countries have       also salute the fortitude of those peace-keepers who have
decided to offer reinforcements to UNPROFOR. We                 been detained.
therefore welcome the adoption of this resolution, of which
my country was a sponsor, authorizing the necessary                   I must now refer to the amendment to paragraph 10
increase in the UNPROFOR force ceiling to allow those           of the resolution. My delegation has been able to accept
reinforcements to deploy. The adoption of this resolution is    the addition of the words at the end of that paragraph
a clear demonstration of international resolve and              both because it understands the domestic political
commitment to the work of the United Nations in Bosnia.         difficulties which the delegation of the United States is
These reinforcements mean that for the first time the United    facing at this moment and also in order to avoid any
Nations commanders will have at their disposal a credible       conceivable interpretation that today’s decision has in
rapid reaction capability. It will strengthen UNPROFOR’s        itself imposed an exact and specific financial obligation
ability to defend itself, increase the range of options open    on any State.
to the United Nations commanders to respond robustly
against attacks on UNPROFOR, and facilitate                          But it must be clear to all of us that the Security
UNPROFOR’s ability to carry out its mandate effectively,        Council has no locus to take decisions in financial
including to resupply its own troops.                           questions. The Charter reserves to the General Assembly
                                                                the responsibility for budgetary and financial matters. In
      These reinforcements will be an integral part of the      our view, therefore, the amendment of paragraph 10 does
existing United Nations peace-keeping operation and will be     not and cannot change the financial procedures followed
under the existing United Nations chain of command,             by this Organization. The Secretary-General said in
functioning within the existing mandate. But let me make        paragraph 3 of the financial addendum to his letter of 9
it clear that UNPROFOR’s mission remains one of peace-          June that he will recommend to the General Assembly
keeping. It is there to assist the delivery of humanitarian     that the costs relating to the reinforcement of
aid, to assist the parties in developing and implementing       UNPROFOR should be considered an expense of the
cease-fire agreements on the ground and to help provide a       Organization to be borne by Member States, in
breathing space for the political process. It is not there to   accordance with Article 17, paragraph 2, of the Charter.
go to war with either side.
                                                                      It is the understanding of my delegation that the
      Some have suggested that the decision by my               Secretary-General will proceed in the well-established
Government and others to send reinforcements reflects a         manner and present to the General Assembly at the
hidden agenda: to bring about the withdrawal of                 earliest opportunity, in accordance with his statement in
UNPROFOR. Withdrawal is not our objective. We are               the financial addendum, estimates for the cost of the
determined to do everything possible to ensure that             activities of the reinforcement which we are approving in
UNPROFOR is able to remain in Bosnia. But, ultimately,          today’s resolution. Indeed, paragraph 9 of the resolution
whether it does so is up to the parties themselves.             makes it clear that we are approving this reinforcement on
UNPROFOR can only be successful if it has the continued         the terms set out in the Secretary-General’s letter. The
consent and cooperation of all sides. If the parties instead    General Assembly will then exercise its Charter
insist on embracing the military option, if UNPROFOR is         responsibilities under Article 17, paragraph 2, in the
prevented from carrying out its tasks or if it faces            normal way.
unacceptable risks, then there may be no choice but to
withdraw UNPROFOR.                                                    UNPROFOR is a means to an end, not an end in
                                                                itself. The overriding objective must remain a political
                                                                settlement to the conflict in Bosnia. UNPROFOR, even


18

Security Council                                                                                            3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                 16 June 1995

with its increased rapid reaction capability, cannot impose            I would like to emphasize in this respect that the
peace against the parties’ will if they are determined to        nature of the United Nations operation in Bosnia and
pursue war. There are alarming reports of a build-up of          Herzegovina will not be changed. There will be no
Bosnian Government troops to the north of Sarajevo. We           change in UNPROFOR’s mandate or in its rules of
acknowledge the Bosnian Government’s frustration. For            engagement. The elements of the rapid reaction force will
months progress towards a political settlement has been          act in support of UNPROFOR within the framework of its
blocked by the intransigence of the Bosnian Serbs and their      mandate. They will be placed within the existing United
refusal to accept the Contact Group plan as a starting point     Nations chain of command. Their tasks will be set by the
for negotiations. But we are convinced that neither side will    commanders of the United Nations peace force and
ultimately be able to impose a military settlement. That is      UNPROFOR on the ground. The missions of the rapid
why it is essential to reinvigorate diplomatic efforts, to       reaction force will consist essentially of emergency
inject new momentum into the search for a negotiated             actions to help isolated or threatened units or to help in
settlement and to bring about the Bosnian Serb acceptance        the redeployment of UNPROFOR elements in order to
of the Contact Group plan as a starting point. We call upon      make them less vulnerable or facilitate their freedom of
Belgrade to take further steps to promote the peace process.     movement, which is so essential.
We welcome the recent appointment of Mr. Bildt as
European Union Co-Chairman of the International                       The resolution the Council has just adopted contains
Conference on the Former Yugoslavia, and we call upon all        a provision that the modalities of financing will be
parties to cooperate unreservedly with him and with Mr.          determined later. To our mind, this is not a matter of
Stoltenberg in their efforts to reach a settlement.              bypassing the usual rules for financing peace-keeping
                                                                 operations, nor is it an attempt to undermine the
     Mr. Mérimée (France) (interpretation from French):          prerogatives of the General Assembly. We understand that
My delegation heartily welcomes the adoption of resolution       this provision simply means that it is not up to the
998 (1995), on the strengthening of the United Nations           Council itself to establish the modalities for financing for
Protection Force (UNPROFOR). It was essential for the            an operation it decides upon. It goes without saying that
Council to act swiftly in order to make possible the prompt      the deployment of additional troops must not be delayed
deployment of elements of the rapid reaction force               because of this.
proposed by the United Kingdom, France and the
Netherlands.                                                           Faced with UNPROFOR’s serious difficulties on the
                                                                 ground, the impossibility of its carrying out its missions
      As the Council knows, the Governments of those three       and the attacks to which it has been subjected, the
countries, faced with the grave deterioration of the situation   Governments of France, the United Kingdom and the
in Bosnia and Herzegovina — the systematic impeding of           Netherlands, rather than electing to withdraw from Bosnia
the delivery of humanitarian assistance, the blockading of       and Herzegovina, proposed that additional means be made
the Sarajevo airport, attacks against UNPROFOR personnel,        available to the United Nations. The resolution the
the taking of UNPROFOR personnel as hostages and                 Council has just adopted will have to be implemented
attacks against the civilian population — decided that the       quickly if we want to make UNPROFOR less vulnerable
only possible response was to provide UNPROFOR with              and enable it to carry out its mandate: to assure the
new means, for twin objectives. The first is to better assure    delivery of humanitarian assistance, see that the safe areas
the security of its personnel. It was inadmissible that          are respected and monitor current or future agreements on
UNPROFOR personnel should continue to be subjected to            a cease-fire and a cessation of hostilities.
threats, restrictions on their freedom of action, detention or
direct attacks as they carried out their functions. The United         My Government expects the new means made
Nations soldiers could not continue to live in that state of     available to the United Nations in Bosnia and
constant insecurity and humiliation. The second objective is     Herzegovina to be used judiciously, but not weakly. The
to enable UNPROFOR to fulfil its mission. In this regard,        humiliation of UNPROFOR personnel must cease, and the
it was necessary to give the military commanders in the          United Nations mandate must henceforth be carried out.
field a broader range of means to react. At present they can     France will not remain in Bosnia and Herzegovina unless
choose only between endless — and usually fruitless —            its soldiers can maintain their pride and honour and serve
negotiations with the parties and resort to air power.           effectively in the cause of peace.




                                                                                                                          19

Security Council                                                                                            3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                 16 June 1995

      I would like to emphasize in this connection that           hostages and note the positive role of mediation and
strengthening UNPROFOR and improving its conditions for           persuasion played by the Belgrade Government, we
carrying out its mandate, thus making it possible for United      hereby request the Pale authorities immediately to free all
Nations contingents to remain in Bosnia and Herzegovina,          UNPROFOR personnel they still detain.
have only one purpose: to promote the pursuit of the peace
process by stabilizing the situation and by facilitating a             Today’s resolution emphasizes, and rightly so, that
cessation of hostilities. From this standpoint, it is essential   there can be no military solution to the Bosnian conflict.
that the parties understand that there is no military solution    This is why we believe that the reinforcement of
to the conflict and that they should refrain from taking any      UNPROFOR being decided on today cannot be separated
action that might lead to an escalation, which would              from a vigorous relaunching of the negotiation process.
endanger the chances for a peaceful solution. It is just as       We thus request all the Bosnian parties to renounce
important that the party that has not yet done so accept the      attempts at military solutions, which would inevitably
Contact Group plan as a starting point for any overall            cause terrible new suffering to the civilian population and
political solution.                                               further distance the already fragile prospects of peace. In
                                                                  this context, the information received from the United
      My Government is determined that the sacrifices it has      Nations Secretariat today on new military initiatives by
made thus far and the new efforts to which it is prepared to      Bosnian Government forces north-west of Sarajevo raises
commit itself must not be in vain. It will spare no effort to     very serious concerns. At the same time, we issue a new
restart the negotiation process and will fully support all        appeal to the Bosnian Serbs to finally accept the peace
initiatives to that end.                                          plan of the Contact Group, which — let us not forget —
                                                                  has already been accepted by the Government of the
      Mr. Ferrarin (Italy): Italy welcomes the Security           Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina. We also hope that
Council’s adoption of today’s resolution, which follows the       the international community will intensify its efforts to
Secretary-General’s recommendation to establish a rapid           foster the peace process.
reaction capacity, as proposed by France, the United
Kingdom and the Netherlands. This resolution aims to                    Finally, I wish to affirm the urgent need that
allow the United Nations Protection Force (UNPROFOR)              delivery of humanitarian aid to the Bosnian people,
to implement its mandate in a more satisfactory manner and        particularly in the safe areas, be fully resumed and
authorizes an increase in the operation’s personnel such as       continued without further disturbances. We consider the
to include this new force. I would recall that the Italian        obstacles to these deliveries to be unacceptable, and we
Government has expressed its willingness to provide this          condemn the cynical recourse to such obstructive acts as
capacity with its full support.                                   a means of pressuring and intimidating the civilian
                                                                  population.
      Italy has always believed that the continued presence
of UNPROFOR is indispensable to foster political stability             Today’s resolution is meant to give more force and
and provide support for humanitarian relief to a population       credibility to UNPROFOR’s action, and can, we hope,
so brutally victimized by a long and ruthless conflict. We        make an important contribution to this end.
also believe that the establishment of a rapid reaction
capacity is a prerequisite to reinvigorating the action of             Mr. Al-Khussaiby (Oman): Today’s deliberations
UNPROFOR and to fully restoring its effectiveness and             on the situation in the Republic of Bosnia and
credibility, which have been steadily undermined by the           Herzegovina represent a new twist in the course of events
failure of the parties — especially the Bosnian Serbs — to        in that region. The latest escalation of attacks by the
collaborate.                                                      Bosnian Serbs on the United Nations Protection Force
                                                                  (UNPROFOR), ranging from sniping to detention and
     This gradual process of deterioration in the situation       including the use of United Nations personnel as human
and in the conditions in which UNPROFOR is called on to           shields, is clearly a blatant violation of international
perform its activities culminated in the Bosnian Serbs’           humanitarian law and norms. This new defiance
taking hundreds of Blue Helmets as hostages. This act             demonstrated by the Bosnian Serbs is clearly yet another
defies all international laws, and we firmly condemn it, as       challenge to the will of the international community,
we do the Bosnian Serbs’ heinous practice of attacking the        whose credibility is thus tested once again.
defenceless population in the safe areas. While we express
our satisfaction over the recent release of most of the


20

Security Council                                                                                              3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                   16 June 1995

      We extend our condolences to all those countries that       particular those pertaining to its territorial integrity. In
have lost citizens serving with UNPROFOR, and we                  view of the latest developments in the region and in the
reaffirm our position that these unprovoked attacks on            light of the Bosnian Serbs’ continued rejection of the
UNPROFOR are unacceptable and cannot be tolerated.                Contact Group peace plan, my delegation believes it is
Oman fully supports all measures taken to prevent the             imperative for the Security Council to reconsider the
recurrence of similar attacks.                                    question of lifting the imposed arms embargo.

      Based on this understanding, we would like to reiterate           In conclusion, my delegation, recognizing the vital
our objection to the use of force as a means to settle            role that this rapid reaction force will play, co-sponsored
differences. It is our opinion that dialogue and negotiation      the draft resolution just adopted as Security Council
are not only a civilized mechanism, but the most suitable         resolution 998 (1995) and fully supports its objectives.
and acceptable way of reconciling differences, leading
ultimately to a comprehensive political settlement.                     Mr. Nieto (Argentina) (interpretation from Spanish):
                                                                  The resolution we have just adopted resulted from an
     We agree with the Secretary-General’s opinion, as            arduous process of consultations and negotiations, in the
expressed in his latest report to the Security Council, on the    course of which the situation in Bosnia and Herzegovina
necessity of reassessing the role of the United Nations in        has not improved. On the contrary, the parties have
the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in a manner that           steadily distanced themselves from the options presented
will strengthen security for United Nations peace-keepers         to them for a peaceful settlement of the conflict between
and enhance the protection of the civilian population within      them. We say this because it is clear that one of the
a mandate that is to be fully implemented.                        parties in Bosnia has done more than to withdraw its
                                                                  consent for a United Nations presence; it has in fact gone
      In this context, we view the proposal to establish a        much further, having described the United Nations as an
rapid reaction force as an option that deserves our utmost        enemy and having regarded the hostages it took as
attention. It is our hope that this additional capacity will be   prisoners of war. We regret that long after the beginning
capable of discharging its duties and functions and provide       of this deplorable episode we are still obliged to address
additional security to UNPROFOR personnel under the               it in paragraph 1 of tonight’s resolution.
command of the United Nations. We see no problem with
the mandate itself. We know that the mandate is there; the              We are also concerned about recent reports of
main problem lies in its implementation.                          military preparations by the Government of Bosnia and
                                                                  Herzegovina which can be understood as tending towards
      On the question of the safe areas established in the        renewed, and heightened, confrontation. One might also
Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina by the relevant                ask whether the United Nations Protection Force
Security Council resolutions, my delegation believes that         (UNPROFOR) has any real chance to fulfil its mandate
United Nations protection should not be confined to those         if the fears aroused by those facts turn out to be justified.
isolated and scattered pockets, the so-called safe areas, but
that it must be extended to all territories of the Republic of          We are grateful to the Member States and Secretariat
Bosnia and Herzegovina. We fully share the views                  staff who designed and formulated the option set out in
expressed by the Secretary-General in his report that the         this resolution. They had to evaluate innumerable factors
safe areas are not safe and that they need to be made safe.       in deciding to create a rapid-reaction capability. We
Therefore, it is our hope that the international community        understand that this is a compromise between the
will be able to establish very clear modalities on how to         requirements imposed by the realities of the conflict and
protect the safe areas and their inhabitants, especially when     the functional limits inherent in peace-keeping operations.
they are under attack or siege or when humanitarian               We are confident that, after an evaluation of all the
convoys are prevented from reaching them.                         factors at issue, this decision was taken on the basis of
                                                                  the recent lessons learned by the Security Council in its
     We welcome the provisions contained in the resolution        experience with this conflict.
that has just been adopted by the Council. At the same
time, we would like to emphasize the right of the Republic              In our view, the first lesson is that the contradictions
of Bosnia and Herzegovina to defend itself in accordance          between the mandate of a peace-keeping force and what
with the Charter of the United Nations, and the need for          that force may be asked to do on the ground can be very
this Member State to be consulted on all matters, in              costly. In most instances, such contradictions arise from


                                                                                                                             21

Security Council                                                                                            3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                 16 June 1995

the actions of the parties to the conflict, who ask or demand    peace-keeping and peace-enforcement is crossed. The
that peace-keepers take action beyond, or even contrary to,      situation that would be created by crossing that line
their agreed mandate, and who, if their demands are not          would be very difficult to reverse, and we hope that this
met, direct their displeasure at what they call the Council’s    will be taken into account by the contingents operating in
lack of effectiveness — causing damage to the image of           the framework of the rapid-reaction capability.
this body.
                                                                      It only remains for us to hope that, unlike what has
      Contradictions resulting from the conduct of the           taken place on other occasions, our capacity to act will
parties underlie every conflict, but the Security Council        not be overtaken by events.
must not become involved in those contradictions, lest it
lose its capacity to act and its credibility.                         The President: I shall now make a statement in my
                                                                 capacity as the representative of Germany.
      We fully agree with the Secretary-General’s view,
stated in his most recent report on UNPROFOR, that the                 The German Government is deeply concerned about
process should be relaunched and intensified through new         the further deterioration of the overall situation in Bosnia
political initiatives, through which the work of the peace-      and Herzegovina. The continued strangulation of Sarajevo
keeping force could be affirmed. To attempt the opposite by      can under no circumstances be justified. The latest news
seeking political results as a result of the activities of the   about the situation in and around Sarajevo gives rise to
peace-keeping forces would not reflect a correct perception      the fear that there could be a new round of intensified
of the mandate of those forces. That is why we attach            hostilities in the days to come. In this context, it
particular importance to paragraph 2 of the resolution.          continues to be important not to forget who is the victim
                                                                 and who is the aggressor in Bosnia. The United Nations
     These recent experiences also indicate that                 Protection Force (UNPROFOR), a peace-keeping
UNPROFOR’s action in fulfilment of its mandate must be           operation sustained by the international community at
based on the following premises.                                 great cost and with a heavy toll in human lives, is
                                                                 confronted with an ever more aggressive environment and
     The will of the parties for conciliation can come only      with hostile actions, in particular from the Bosnian Serb
from those parties, as reflected in paragraph 3 of the           side.
resolution.
                                                                      The taking of UNPROFOR personnel as hostages is
      We must take the greatest care to preserve a precise       a contemptible act. We also condemn the continued
relationship between the mandate of our peace-keeping            strangulation of Sarajevo and the horrifying shelling of
forces and the tasks entrusted to them. In that context we       safe areas, which on a single day in Tuzla led to the
attach particular importance to the resolution’s reference to    death of 71 Bosnians, most of them young.
UNPROFOR’s impartiality.
                                                                       We support the continued presence of UNPROFOR
      Among the matters addressed by the resolution, my          in Bosnia. We support the plans by the United Kingdom
delegation attaches particular importance to the reference to    of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, France and the
safe areas. We recall that for some time the Secretary-          Netherlands to reinforce UNPROFOR with a rapid-General has been making proposals with reference to this         reaction capability of up to 12,500 additional troops to
concept, and has submitted two reports which we have not         assist the mission in carrying out more effectively its
yet studied. Obviously, it is necessary to guarantee the         humanitarian mandate. That is why my delegation voted
protection of those areas and to guarantee their                 in favour of this text and joined in sponsoring it. It is a
humanitarian needs. Here, the Council’s concern is clearly       necessary step to ensure that the rapid-reaction forces can
expressed in operative paragraphs 6 and 7; we hope that          be brought to the theatre as soon as possible.
their provisions will lead to concrete actions by the parties.
                                                                       A stronger UNPROFOR will be in a better position
     The other concept to which we want to refer relates to      to defend itself, to fulfil its mandate and to protect the
the use of force, especially through the rapid-reaction          suffering civilian population wherever possible. The
capability established by this resolution. We believe that the   parties have to agree without further delay to a cease-fire
use of force should be restricted to self-defence and should     and a complete cessation of hostilities in the Republic of
be engaged in with great care, lest the delicate line between    Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, a stronger


22

Security Council                                                                                           3543rd meeting
Fiftieth year                                                                                                16 June 1995

UNPROFOR presence, and even a cessation of hostilities          Bosnian Serb people as well. We are following with
to be achieved as soon as possible, are not enough. What is     concern recent media reports that the Government and the
needed is progress in the search for a political solution on    army of the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (Serbia and
the basis of the acceptance by the Bosnian Serb party of the    Montenegro) continue to support the Bosnian Serb
Contact Group plan as a starting point. We reiterate our call   military. Military actions will not solve, but will only
to the Bosnian Serb party to abandon its course of              exacerbate, the conflict in Bosnia. What is needed is a
intransigence and rejection, which will only prolong the        political settlement. The continued presence of
suffering of the                                                UNPROFOR and its contributions to the international
                                                                community’s efforts towards peace have been invaluable.
                                                                We support the continued presence of UNPROFOR in the
                                                                Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the firm belief
                                                                that it will help to bring about the necessary conditions on
                                                                the ground for genuine and serious political negotiations
                                                                on a final settlement.

                                                                    I now resume my functions as President of the
                                                                Security Council.

                                                                     There are no further speakers. The Security Council
                                                                has thus concluded the present stage of its consideration
                                                                of the item on the agenda. The Security Council will
                                                                remain seized of the matter.

                                                                     The meeting rose at 3 a.m.




                                                                                                                         23

Voting Summary
Yes: 013 | No: 000 | Abstentions: 002 | Non-Voting: 000 | Total voting membership: 015
Y ARGENTINA
Y BOTSWANA
A CHINA
Y CZECH REPUBLIC
Y FRANCE
Y GERMANY
Y HONDURAS
Y INDONESIA
Y ITALY
Y NIGERIA
Y OMAN
A RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Y RWANDA
Y UNITED KINGDOM
Y UNITED STATES