UEXdo/OpenDataHub huggingface dataset:
Ultrafast energy transfer beyond the Förster approximation in organic photovoltaic blends with non-fullerene acceptors
Authors: Ouyang, Y.; Wang, R.; Wang, X.; Xiao, M.; Zhang, C.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)

Recent studies on organic photovoltaic (OPV) systems have highlighted the critical role of energy transfer in excited-state dynamics. This process has traditionally been explained through the model of long-range Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). In this study, we demonstrate a donor-to-acceptor short-range energy transfer (SRET) mechanism in OPV blends with non-fullerene acceptors, extending beyond the Förster approximation. This SRET occurs as a two-step process mediated by interfacial
The role of offshore wind and solar PV resources in global low-carbon transition
Authors: Wen, Y.; Wu, J.; Lin, P.; Low, Y.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


                    With challenges such as land availability and regulatory constraints, offshore renewable energy sector is poised to play a pivotal role in the transition to a low-carbon future. Among offshore technologies, wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) have emerged as the most promising solutions. However, a global assessment of offshore resources, particularly solar PV, remains lacking. Hence, we identify suitable areas for offshore wind and solar PV development on the basis of economic
Carbon catalysts for CO
                    <sub>2</sub>
                    conversion: From carbon emissions to zero-carbon solutions
Authors: Xia, Z.; Jin, H.; Zheng, Y.; Jiao, Y.; Qiao, S.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


                    For millions of years, Earth’s carbon cycle remained stable, but anthropogenic emissions drive severe air pollution and climate change. Addressing this crisis necessitates innovative decarbonization strategies, where carbon catalysts emerge as an innovative solution, replacing critical minerals for zero-carbon emissions. These catalysts can be synthesized from carbon dioxide and used to convert feedstocks into valuable chemicals and fuels, reducing energy demands and emissio
Continued permafrost ecosystem carbon loss under net-zero and negative emissions
Authors: Park, S.; Mun, J.; Lee, H.; Steinert, N.; An, S.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)

The loss of ecosystem carbon (the sum of vegetation, litter, and soil carbon) may occur in a permafrost region under mitigation pathways, which could reduce the efficiency of carbon dioxide removal. Here, we investigate changes in permafrost under net-zero and negative emissions, based on idealized emission-driven simulations using a state-of-the-art Earth system model. While acting as a net ecosystem carbon sink during most of the positive emission phase, permafrost becomes a net ecosystem carb
Soil carbon formation is promoted by saturation deficit and existing mineral-associated carbon, not by microbial carbon-use efficiency
Authors: King, A.; Sokol, N.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)

Mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC) is the largest terrestrial pool of organic carbon, yet controls on its formation remain unresolved. Existing MAOC is thought to preclude additional C storage on minerals, but this perspective is difficult to reconcile with observations that MAOC stacks in multilayers, suggesting that existing MAOC could promote greater C retention. Here, in a manipulative experiment using 118 soils from 15 agricultural sites across the United States, we show that MAOC for
Anaerobic methane oxidation coupled with denitrification mitigates soil nitrous oxide emissions
Authors: Li, R.; Yuan, Y.; Xi, B.; Tan, W.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


            The impact of anaerobic oxidation of methane (AOM) coupled with denitrification on the emission of the denitrification intermediate N
            2
            O remains poorly understood. Here, we investigated the influence of AOM coupled with nitrate and nitrite reduction on soil N
            2
            O emissions and the associated microbial interactions. We show that AOM coupled with denitrification markedly reduces soil N
            2
            O emissions, with the typ
Quantifying effects of solar power adoption on CO
            <sub>2</sub>
            emissions reduction
Authors: Biswas, A.; Qiu, M.; Braun, D.; Dominici, F.; Mork, D.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


            We quantify the effect of solar power adoption in reducing carbon dioxide (CO
            2
            ) emissions from the US electricity sector using 5 years of Energy Information Administration data, starting 1 July 2018. By tailoring a distributed lag statistical model, we estimate the immediate and time-lagged effects of increased solar generation on reducing CO
            2
            emissions within a region. Our analysis highlights how solar adoption in one region affect
Negligible contribution from aerosols to recent trends in Earth’s energy imbalance
Authors: Park, C.; Soden, B.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)

During the 21st century, Earth’s energy imbalance (EEI) at the top of atmosphere has markedly increased because of greater absorbed shortwave (SW) rather than reduced outgoing longwave radiation. Previous studies using single-forcing (aerosol-only) experiments attributed approximately half of the positive SW trend to reductions in anthropogenic aerosols, particularly in the Northern Hemisphere (NH). In contrast, our analysis using observations and reanalysis indicates that both aerosol-radiation
Nuclear quantum effects slow down the energy transfer in biological light-harvesting complexes
Authors: Runeson, J.; Manolopoulos, D.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)

We assess how quantum-mechanical effects associated with high-frequency chromophore vibrations influence excitation energy transfer in biological light-harvesting complexes. After defining a classical nuclear limit that is consistent with the quantum-classical equilibrium, we include nuclear quantum effects through a variational polaron transformation of the high-frequency vibrational modes. This approach is validated by comparison with fully quantum-mechanical benchmark calculations and applied
Spatiotemporal toughness modulation in hydrogels through on-demand cross-linking
Authors: Lee, J.; Castilho, R.; Nam, S.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


            Tough hydrogels are promising for soft robotics, bioelectronics, and tissue adhesives due to their exceptional resilience and biocompatibility, yet precise spatiotemporal control of their mechanics remains challenging. Here, we present a hydrogel platform that enables spatiotemporal modulation of toughness through a latent ionic cross-linking mechanism. By embedding calcium carbonate (CaCO
            3
            ) microparticles in alginate/polyacrylamide double-network hydrogels
On-demand heralded MIR single-photon source using a cascaded quantum system
Authors: Iles-Smith, J.; Svendsen, M.; Rubio, A.; Wubs, M.; Stenger, N.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)

We propose a mechanism for generating single photons in the mid-infrared (MIR) using a solid-state or molecular quantum emitter. The scheme uses cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) effects to selectively enhance a Frank-Condon transition, deterministically preparing a single Fock state of a polar phonon mode. By coupling the phonon mode to an antenna, the resulting excitation is then radiated to the far field as a single photon with a frequency matching the phonon mode. By combining macroscopic
Nanoseed-based physically unclonable function for on-demand encryption
Authors: Ahn, J.; Park, T.; Kang, T.; Im, S.; Seo, H.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


            A physically unclonable function (PUF) is a promising hardware-based cryptographic primitive to prevent confidential information leakage. However, conventional techniques, such as weak and strong PUFs, have limitations in overcoming the trade-off between security and storage volume. This study introduces nanoseed-based PUFs that overcome the drawbacks of conventional PUFs using optical and electrical randomness originated from nanoseeds and a unique on-demand cryptographic algorithm
Bacterially grown living materials with resistant and on-demand functionality
Authors: Oh, J.; van der Linden, F.; Malcı, K.; van der Valk, R.; Ellis, T.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


            Inspired by naturally occurring biomaterials, autonomously grown engineered living materials (ELMs) feature cell-driven growth and programmable biological functions. However, the “livingness” of cells poses a short life span and low tolerance to harsh conditions, limiting the practical use of such materials. Here, we developed materials with programmable and dormant functionalities, grown from a mixture of
            Komagataeibacter rhaeticus
            and
            Bacillus
Vector analog computing via on-demand metasurface dispersive polarization transformation
Authors: Yang, H.; Xu, J.; Peng, M.; He, H.; Jiang, Y.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)

Optical analog computing can potentially feature high-throughput parallel processing with ultralow power and high speed and is promising for efficient signal processing. Previous platforms have mainly focused on scalar computing with optical intensities, which is highly sensitive to environmental disturbance and has been primarily restricted to single or basic computations because of intrinsic fixed correlation between the input and output signals. To our knowledge, for the first time, we use po
Large-area radiation-modulated thermoelectric fabrics for high-performance thermal management and electricity generation
Authors: Liu, J.; Jiang, W.; Zhuo, S.; Rong, Y.; Li, Y.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


            Flexible thermoelectric systems capable of converting human body heat or solar heat into sustainable electricity are crucial for the development of self-powered wearable electronics. However, challenges persist in maintaining a stable temperature gradient and enabling scalable fabrication for their commercialization. Herein, we present a facile approach involving the screen printing of large-scale carbon nanotube (CNT)–based thermoelectric arrays on conventional textile. These array
Smart ultra-long-lasting sequentially triggerable and artfully implantable nozzle system for on-demand drug delivery for chronotherapy
Authors: Zeng, Q.; Gong, Y.; Jiao, W.; Xu, J.; Chen, X.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


            Conventional drug delivery methods for chronic disease often suffer from low potency and poor patient compliance, while current advanced devices face limitations because of bulkiness, frequent implantation needs, inflammation risk, and lack of precise control. To overcome these challenges, we developed the SUSTAIN—a smart, ultra-long-lasting, sequentially triggerable, and artfully implantable nozzle system. The SUSTAIN integrates an osmotic pressure–triggered module, an airflow-gene
Decreasing importance of carbon-climate feedbacks in the Southern Ocean in a warming climate
Authors: Jarníková, T.; Le Quéré, C.; Rumbold, S.; Jones, C.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


            The Southern Ocean is an important CO
            2
            sink, mitigating climate change, but its future evolution is uncertain due to the confounding effects of stratospheric ozone recovery and climate change on ocean circulation. Using an Earth System Model, we quantify the relative influence of ozone-depleting substances and greenhouse gas emissions on this sink from 1950 to 2100. Ozone effects dominated changes in ocean circulation during 1950–2000, but not this century,
Climate mitigation potential for targeted forestation after considering climate change, fires, and albedo
Authors: Liang, S.; Ziegler, A.; Reich, P.; Zhu, K.; Wang, D.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


            Afforestation and reforestation, both of which refer to forestation strategies, are widely promoted as key tools to mitigate anthropogenic warming. However, the carbon sequestration potential of these efforts remains uncertain in satellite-based assessments, particularly when accounting for dynamic climate conditions, vegetation-climate feedback, fire-dominated disturbance, and the trade-offs associated with surface albedo changes. Leveraging a coupled Earth system model, we estimat
Volcanic emission of reduced sulfur species shaped the climate of early Mars
Authors: Bellino, L.; Sun, C.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


            Sulfur and other volatiles could be transported from the martian interior to surface through magmatic processes, including mantle melting, magma differentiation, and degassing. However, these processes were not fully integrated in past sulfur cycling models because of complexity from the gas-melt interactions in chemically and dynamically evolving magmatic systems with multicomponent volatiles. Here, we incorporate these processes to simulate how sulfur, carbon, and hydrogen degas f
Experimental characterization of complex atmospheric flows: A wind turbine wake case study
Authors: Angelou, N.; Sjöholm, M.; Mikkelsen, T.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)

Our current understanding of the interaction between the atmosphere and surface obstacles crucial for boundary-layer meteorology, forestry, urban climate, wind engineering, and wind energy is limited mainly to observations acquired in wind tunnel experiments and flow predictions from computational fluid dynamic models. Here, as a case study, we present spatially distributed measurements of a utility-scale wind turbine’s wake using three wind lidars that synchronously scan a volume of the atmosph
Sea surface warming and ocean-to-atmosphere feedback driven by large-scale offshore wind farms under seasonally stratified conditions
Authors: Seo, H.; Sauvage, C.; Renkl, C.; Lundquist, J.; Kirincich, A.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)

Offshore wind farms may induce changes in the upper ocean and near-surface atmosphere through coupled ocean-atmosphere feedbacks. Yet, the role of air-sea interactions mediated by offshore wind farms remains poorly understood. Using fully coupled ocean-atmosphere-wave model simulations for seasonally stratified conditions along the US East Coast, we show that simulated cumulative reductions in wind stress due to large-scale wind farm clusters lead to sea surface warming of 0.3° to 0.4°C and a sh
Flash annealing–engineered wafer-scale relaxor antiferroelectrics for enhanced energy storage performance
Authors: Li, Y.; Song, K.; Zhu, M.; Li, X.; Zeng, Z.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


                    Dielectric capacitors are essential for energy storage systems because of their high-power density and fast operation speed. However, optimizing energy storage density with concurrent thermal stability remains a substantial challenge. Here, we develop a flash annealing process with ultrafast heating and cooling rates of 1000°C per second, which facilitates the rapid crystallization of PbZrO
                    3
                    film within a mere second, while locking it
<i>Ppp1r3b</i>
                    is a metabolic switch that shifts hepatic energy storage from lipid to glycogen
Authors: Creasy, K.; Mehta, M.; Schneider, C.; Park, J.; Zhang, D.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


                    The
                    PPP1R3B
                    gene, encoding PPP1R3B protein, is critical for liver glycogen synthesis and maintaining blood glucose levels. Genetic variants affecting
                    PPP1R3B
                    expression are associated with several metabolic traits and liver disease, but the precise mechanisms are not fully understood. We studied the effects of both
                    Ppp1r3b
                    overexpression and deletion in mic
Atomic Sn–incorporated subnanopore-rich hard carbon host for highly reversible quasi-metallic Li storage
Authors: Jin, T.; Zhang, X.; Yuan, S.; Yu, L.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


            The practical application of Li metal anodes has been hindered by severely irreversible side reactions for low Coulombic efficiency, uncontrollable growth of Li dendrites, and large volume change. Herein, we report subnanopore-rich carbon spheres encapsulated with Sn single atoms (Sn/CS@SC) as a Li host to address these challenges. Owing to the high Li affinity of Sn single atoms, Sn/CS@SC can promote storage of quasi-metallic Li within the inner void space other than direct plating
The potential of wastewater treatment on carbon storage through ocean alkalinity enhancement
Authors: Zheng, L.; Hu, Y.; Su, B.; Chen, Q.; Liu, J.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


            Ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) implemented through wastewater treatment plants increases the alkalinity of the effluents and discharges them into the ocean, referred to as wastewater-based OAE. However, the alkalization capability and its carbon storage stability when adding alkaline minerals to wastewater treatment are uncertain. In this study, total alkalinity was enhanced to more than 10 millimoles per kilogram and phosphate removal was improved when we added olivine to waste
Crustal to mantle melt storage during the evolution of Hawaiian volcanoes
Authors: Gazel, E.; Dayton, K.; Liang, W.; Hua, J.; Lynn, K.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)

As the Pacific Plate migrates over the mantle plume below Hawaiʻi, magma flux decreases, resulting in changes in eruptive volume, style, and composition. It is thought that melt storage becomes deeper and ephemeral with the transition from highly voluminous tholeiitic (shield stage) to the less voluminous alkaline (post-shield and rejuvenation stages) magmatism. To quantitatively test this, we applied high-precision fluid inclusion barometry via Raman spectroscopy to samples from representative
Robust increase in observed heat storage by the global subsurface
Authors: Cuesta-Valero, F.; García-García, A.; Beltrami, H.; García-Pereira, F.; González-Rouco, J.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)

Changes in heat storage within the different components of the climate system alter physical and biogeochemical phenomena relevant for human societies and ecosystems. Among such processes, permafrost thawing, soil carbon storage, and surface energy exchanges depend on the persistent heat gain by the continental subsurface. Nevertheless, there are not enough data to estimate ground heat storage at the global scale after the year 2000. We solve this problem by expanding the database of geothermal
A compact cassette tape for DNA-based data storage
Authors: Li, J.; Mao, C.; Wang, S.; Li, X.; Luo, X.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


            DNA with high storage density can serve as an alternative storage medium to respond to the global explosion of data growth and become a powerful personal storage memory if an integrated compact device can store and handle large-scale data. Here, we incorporate a DNA cassette tape with 5.5 × 10
            5
            addressable data partitions (addressing rate up to 1570 partitions per second), a DNA loading capacity of 28.6 mg per kilometer, and deposit-many-recover-many (DMRM)
Extending tetrahedral network similarity to carbon: A type-I carbon clathrate stabilized by boron
Authors: Strobel, T.; Bi, T.; Guńka, P.; Hansen, M.; Hübner, J.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


            Clathrates are guest/host framework compounds composed of polyhedral cages, yet despite their prevalence among tetrahedral network formers, clathrates with a carbon host lattice remain unrealized synthetic targets. Here, we report a type-I carbon-based framework—a ubiquitous clathrate structure type found throughout compounds containing tetrahedral building blocks. Following a boron-stabilization scheme based on first-principles predictions in the Ca–B–C system at high pressure, typ
Liquid palladium for high-turnover carbon-carbon bond formation
Authors: Al Banna, M.; Flores, N.; Zhou, Z.; Meftahi, N.; Russo, S.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)


            Carbon-carbon (C─C) bond formation is a key step in diverse chemical processes and requires high-performance catalysts to enable energy-efficient technologies. Here, we present liquid Pd catalysts, formed by dissolving Pd in liquid Ga, for high-turnover C─C coupling reactions. The liquid Pd catalyst achieved a turnover frequency of 2.5 × 10
            8
            hour
            −1
            for a model coupling reaction at 70°C, surpassing all reported Pd catalysts by 1000-fo
CMOS-compatible flash-gated thyristor–based neuromorphic module with small area and low energy consumption for in-memory computing
Authors: Ko, J.; Im, J.; Kim, J.; Shin, W.; Koo, R.
Journal: Science Advances (2025)

In-memory computing (IMC) is a technology that enables efficient analog vector-matrix multiplication (VMM). This field has been extensively researched to overcome the performance bottlenecks associated with traditional von Neumann architectures. In addition to analog VMM, combining efficient neuromorphic modules with memory is essential to enable a broader range of IMC operations. Here, we propose a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS)–compatible flash-gated thyristor–based neuromorphi
CaRDS - the statewide California Residential water Demand and Supply open dataset
Authors: Gross, M.; Escriva-Bou, A.; Porse, E.; Cominola, A.
Journal: Scientific Data (2024)

AbstractAs water scarcity becomes the new norm in the Western United States, states such as California have increased their efforts to improve water resilience. Achieving water security under climate change, population growth, and urbanization requires an integrated multi-sectoral approach, where adaptation strategies combine supply and demand management interventions. Yet, most studies consider supply-side and demand-side management strategies separately. Water conservation efforts are mainly d
Intra-Individual Paired Mass Spectrometry Dataset for Decoding Solar-Induced Proteomic Changes in Facial Skin
Authors: Camillo-Andrade, A.; Santos, M.; Nuevo, P.; Lajas, A.; Sales, L.
Journal: Scientific Data (2024)

AbstractPhotoaging is the premature aging of the skin caused by prolonged exposure to solar radiation. The visual alterations manifest as wrinkles, reduced skin elasticity, uneven skin tone, as well as other signs that surpass the expected outcomes of natural aging. Beyond these surface changes, there is a complex interplay of molecular alterations, encompassing shifts in cellular function, DNA damage, and protein composition disruptions. This data descriptor introduces a unique dataset derived
A thermosurvey dataset: Older adults’ experiences and adaptation to urban heat and climate change
Authors: Jancewicz, B.; Wrotek, M.
Journal: Scientific Data (2024)

AbstractWe introduce the thermosurvey dataset, a comprehensive collection focusing on the thermal comfort, heat-related experiences, health, socioeconomic status, and perceptions of older adults (aged 65 and over) in Warsaw and Madrid. The two cities differ greatly in their heat experiences, but due to climate change, both face increasing temperatures. The study aimed to understand how heat affects cities’ older adult population and how we can better adapt to rising temperatures. We call the stu
City-level building operation and end-use carbon emissions dataset from China for 2015–2020
Authors: Yu, Y.; You, K.; Cai, W.; Feng, W.; Li, R.
Journal: Scientific Data (2024)

AbstractsThe building sector, which accounts for over 20% of China’s total energy-related carbon emissions, has great potential to reduce emissions and is critical to achieving China’s emissions peak and carbon neutrality targets. However, the lack of data on operational carbon emissions and end-use carbon emissions in the building sector at the city level has become a major barrier to the development of building energy conservation policies and carbon peaking action plans. This study uses a com