UEXdo/OpenDataHub huggingface dataset:
Long-term application of agronomic management strategies effects on soil organic carbon, energy budgeting, and carbon footprint under rice–wheat cropping system
Authors: Naresh, R.; Singh, P.; Bhatt, R.; Chandra, M.; Kumar, Y.
Journal: Scientific Reports (2024)

AbstractIn the plains of western North India, traditional rice and wheat cropping systems (RWCS) consume a significant amount of energy and carbon. In order to assess the long-term energy budgets, ecological footprint, and greenhouse gas (GHG) pollutants from RWCS with residual management techniques, field research was conducted which consisted of fourteen treatments that combined various tillage techniques, fertilization methods, and whether or not straw return was present in randomized block d
Research and analysis of energy consumption and energy saving in buildings based on photovoltaic photothermal integration
Authors: Cui, Y.; Zhang, X.
Journal: Scientific Reports (2024)

AbstractIn order to reduce the energy consumption of buildings, an air source heat pump assisted rooftop photovoltaic-thermal integration system is designed. The installation area of photovoltaic modules and collectors will not only affect the power side, but also affect the thermal side. Therefore, the basic architecture of the photovoltaic photothermal integration system is first established, and then the improved whale algorithm is used to optimize the photovoltaic photothermal integration sy
Evolution and driving factors of inequality in CO2 emissions from agricultural energy consumption in China
Authors: Zhao, X.; Li, X.; Xi, Y.
Journal: Scientific Reports (2024)

AbstractThe inequality in CO2 emissions from agricultural energy consumption is a major challenge for coordinating low-carbon agricultural development across regions in China. However, the evolutionary characteristics and driving factors of inequality in China’s agricultural energy-related CO2 emissions are poorly understood. In response, the Kaya–Theil model was adopted to examine the three potential factors influencing CO2 emission inequality in China’s agricultural energy consumption. The res
Optimization scheduling of microgrid comprehensive demand response load considering user satisfaction
Authors: Wang, C.; Li, X.
Journal: Scientific Reports (2024)

AbstractThe original load control model of microgrid based on demand response lacks the factors of incentive demand response, the overall satisfaction of users is low, the degree of demand response is low, the Time Of Use (TOU) price of peak-valley filling capacity is weak, and the peak-valley difference of load curve is large. Regarding the limitations of the current microgrid demand response model, this study further optimizes the flexible load control strategy and proposes a two-objective opt
A Multi-Layer Techno-Economic-Environmental Energy Management Optimization in Cooperative Multi-Microgrids with Demand Response Program and Uncertainties Consideration
Authors: Alamir, N.; Kamel, S.; Megahed, T.; Hori, M.; Abdelkader, S.
Journal: Scientific Reports (2024)

AbstractThis paper presents a multi-layer, multi-objective (MLMO) optimization model for techno-economic-environmental energy management in cooperative multi-Microgrids (MMGs) that incorporates a Demand Response Program (DRP). The proposed MLMO approach simultaneously optimizes operating costs, MMG operator benefits, environmental emissions, and MMG dependency. This paper proposed a new hybrid ε-lexicography–weighted-sum that eliminates the need to normalize or scalarize objectives. The first la
Near-infrared luminescent open-shell π-conjugated systems with a bright lowest-energy zwitterionic singlet excited state
Authors: Yu, C.; Chowdhury, R.; Fu, Y.; Ghosh, P.; Zeng, W.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)

Open-shell systems with extensive π-conjugation have fascinating properties due to their narrow bandgaps and spin interactions. In this work, we report neutral open-shell di- and polyradical conjugated materials exhibiting intriguing optical and magnetic properties. Our key design advance is the planarized geometry allowing for greater interaction between adjacent spins. This results in absorption and emission in the near infrared at 803 and 1050 nanometers, respectively, and we demonstrate a un
Chemically tuned intermediate band states in atomically thin Cu
            <i>
              <sub>x</sub>
            </i>
            GeSe/SnS quantum material for photovoltaic applications
Authors: Kastuar, S.; Ekuma, C.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)

A new generation of quantum material derived from intercalating zerovalent atoms such as Cu into the intrinsic van der Waals gap at the interface of atomically thin two-dimensional GeSe/SnS heterostructure is designed, and their optoelectronic features are explored for next-generation photovoltaic applications. Advanced ab initio modeling reveals that many-body effects induce intermediate band (IB) states, with subband gaps (~0.78 and 1.26 electron volts) ideal for next-generation solar devices,
Persistent urban heat
Authors: Li, D.; Wang, L.; Liao, W.; Sun, T.; Katul, G.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)

Urban surface and near-surface air temperatures are known to be often higher than their rural counterparts, a phenomenon now labeled as the urban heat island effect. However, whether the elevated urban temperatures are more persistent than rural temperatures at timescales commensurate to heat waves has not been addressed despite its importance for human health. Combining numerical simulations by a global climate model with a surface energy balance theory, it is demonstrated here that urban surfa
Inland water greenhouse gas emissions offset the terrestrial carbon sink in the northern cryosphere
Authors: Song, C.; Liu, S.; Wang, G.; Zhang, L.; Rosentreter, J.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)


            Climate-sensitive northern cryosphere inland waters emit greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere, yet their total emissions remain poorly constrained. We present a data-driven synthesis of GHG emissions from northern cryosphere inland waters considering water body types, cryosphere zones, and seasonality. We find that annual GHG emissions are dominated by carbon dioxide (
            
              
                
                  
                    1149.2
PM
                    <sub>2.5</sub>
                    exposure disparities persist despite strict vehicle emissions controls in California
Authors: Koolik, L.; Alvarado, Á.; Budahn, A.; Plummer, L.; Marshall, J.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)


                    As policymakers increasingly focus on environmental justice, a key question is whether emissions reductions aimed at addressing air quality or climate change can also ameliorate persistent air pollution exposure disparities. We examine evidence from California’s aggressive vehicle emissions control policy from 2000 to 2019. We find a 65% reduction in modeled statewide average exposure to PM
                    2.5
                    from on-road vehicles, yet for people of
Potential climate predictability of renewable energy supply and demand for Texas given the ENSO hidden state
Authors: Zhang, M.; Yan, L.; Amonkar, Y.; Nayak, A.; Lall, U.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)

Climate variability influences renewable electricity supply and demand and hence system reliability. Using the hidden states of the sea surface temperature of tropical Pacific Ocean that reflect El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dynamics that is objectively identified by a nonhomogeneous hidden Markov model, we provide a first example of the potential predictability of monthly wind and solar energy and heating and cooling energy demand for 1 to 6 months ahead for Texas, United States, a region
Single ambipolar OECT–based inverter with volatility and nonvolatility on demand
Authors: Cong, S.; Chen, J.; Xie, M.; Deng, Z.; Chen, C.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)


            Organic electrochemical transistor (OECT)–based inverter introduces new prospects for energy-efficient brain-inspired artificial intelligence devices. Here, we report single-component OECT-based inverters by incorporating ambipolar p(gDPP-V). Notably, p(gDPP-V) shows state-of-the-art ambipolar OECT performances in both conventional (p/n-type mode transconductance of 29/25 S cm
            −1
            ) and vertical (transconductance of 297.2/292.4 μS μm
            −2
Scalable weaving of resilient membranes with on-demand superwettability for high-performance nanoemulsion separations
Authors: Wang, Y.; Villalobos, L.; Liang, L.; Zhu, B.; Li, J.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)


            This study leverages the ancient craft of weaving to prepare membranes that can effectively treat oil/water mixtures, specifically challenging nanoemulsions. Drawing inspiration from the core-shell architecture of spider silk, we have engineered fibers, the fundamental building blocks for weaving membranes, that feature a mechanically robust core for tight weaving, coupled with a CO
            2
            -responsive shell that allows for on-demand wettability adjustments. Tightl
Climate sensitivity and relative humidity changes in global storm-resolving model simulations of climate change
Authors: Merlis, T.; Cheng, K.; Guendelman, I.; Harris, L.; Bretherton, C.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)

The climate simulation frontier of a global storm-resolving model (GSRM; ork-scale model because of its kilometer-scale horizontal resolution) is deployed for climate change simulations. The climate sensitivity, effective radiative forcing, and relative humidity changes are assessed in multiyear atmospheric GSRM simulations with perturbed sea-surface temperatures and/or carbon dioxide concentrations. Our comparisons to conventional climate model results can build confidence in the existing clima
A reconfigurable integrated smart device for real-time monitoring and synergistic treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Authors: Liu, Y.; Xie, W.; Tang, Z.; Tan, Z.; He, Y.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a global autoimmune disease that requires long-term management. Ambulatory monitoring and treatment of RA favors remission and rehabilitation. Here, we developed a wearable reconfigurable integrated smart device (ISD) for real-time inflammatory monitoring and synergistic therapy of RA. The device establishes an electrical-coupling and substance delivery interfaces with the skin through template-free conductive polymer microneedles that exhibit high capacitance, low i
Physics-guided deep learning for skillful wind-wave modeling
Authors: Wang, X.; Jiang, H.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)

Modeling sea surface wind-waves is crucial for both scientific research and engineering applications. Nowadays, the most accurate wave models are based on numerical methods, which primarily concern the wave spectrum evolution by solving wave action balance partial differential equations. These methods are computationally expensive and limited by incomplete physical representations of wave spectral evolution. Here, we present a deep learning–based wave model trained using observation-merged wave
Nonsynchronous rotation of icy moon ice shells: The thermal wind perspective
Authors: Kang, W.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)

The ice shells of icy satellites have been hypothesized to undergo nonsynchronous rotation (NSR) under the influence of tidal torques and/or ocean currents. In this work, the author proposes that the thermal wind relationship can be combined with geostrophic turbulence theory to predict ocean stress onto the ice shell inside the tangent cylinder. High-resolution numerical simulations validate the prediction within a factor of 2. For the prediction to be valid, the rotation effect must dominate (
Extreme wind events responsible for an outsized role in shelf-basin exchange around the southern tip of Greenland
Authors: Coquereau, A.; Foukal, N.; Våge, K.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)

The coastal circulation around Southern Greenland transports fresh, buoyant water masses from the Arctic and Greenland Ice Sheet near regions of convection, sinking, and deep-water formation in the Irminger and Labrador Seas. Here, we track the pathways and fate of these fresh water masses by initializing synthetic particles in the East Greenland Coastal Current on the Southeast Greenland shelf and running them through altimetry-derived surface currents from 1993 to 2021. We report that the majo
Exceptionally gigantic aurora in the polar cap on a day when the solar wind almost disappeared
Authors: Hosokawa, K.; Kataoka, R.; Tsuda, T.; Ogawa, Y.; Taguchi, S.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)

Revealing the origins of aurorae in Earth’s polar cap has long been a challenge since direct precipitation of energetic electrons from the magnetosphere is not always expected in this region of open magnetic field lines. Here, we introduce an exceptionally gigantic aurora filling the entire polar cap region on a day when the solar wind had almost disappeared. By combining ground-based and satellite observations, we proved that this unique aurora was produced by suprathermal electrons streaming d
Fish-inspired dynamic charging for ultrafast self-protective solar-thermal energy storage
Authors: Li, X.; Zhang, J.; Liu, Y.; Xu, Y.; Xie, Y.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)


            Solar-thermal energy storage (STES) within solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs) has emerged as an attractive solution to overcome intermittency of renewable energy. However, current storage systems usually suffer from slow charging rates, sacrificed storage capacity, and overheating tendency. Inspired by the thermoregulation behavior of
            Cyprinid
            fish, here, we present a quick-responsive, ultrafast, large-capacity, overheating-protective STES strategy. W
A synchronous-twisting method to realize radial scalability in fibrous energy storage devices
Authors: Zhou, Z.; Xie, S.; Cai, H.; Colli, A.; Monnens, W.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)


            For wearable electronics, radial scalability is one of the key research areas for fibrous energy storage devices to be commercialized, but this field has been shelved for years due to the lack of effective methods and configuration arrangements. Here, the team presents a generalizable strategy to realize radial scalability by applying a synchronous-twisting method (STM) for synthesizing a coaxial-extensible configuration (CEC). As examples, aqueous fiber-shaped Zn-MnO
            2
Precision and bias of carbon storage estimations in wetland and mangrove sediments
Authors: Ezcurra, E.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)

Peaty sediments in coastal wetlands play an important role in the sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide and its belowground storage. Sediment cores are used to quantify organic matter (OM) density, estimated by multiplying the bulk density of a core segment by its OM fraction. This method can be imprecise, as repeated samples often differ widely. Recent studies have shown that sediment bulk density and OM fraction are not independent but tightly related by a function called the ideal-mixin
CO
            <sub>2</sub>
            capture, geological storage, and mineralization using biobased biodegradable chelating agents and seawater
Authors: Wang, J.; Sekiai, R.; Tamura, R.; Watanabe, N.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)


            Geological storage and mineralization of CO
            2
            in mafic/ultramafic reservoirs faces challenges including limited effective porosity, permeability, and rock reactivity; difficulties in using seawater for CO
            2
            capture; and uncontrolled carbonation. This study introduces a CO
            2
            capture, storage, and mineralization approach with the utilization of biobased biodegradable chelating agents and seawater. An acidic chelat
Highly oxidized intraplate basalts and deep carbon storage
Authors: Dong, X.; Wang, S.; Wang, W.; Huang, S.; Li, Q.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)


            Deep carbon cycle is crucial for mantle dynamics and maintaining Earth’s habitability. Recycled carbonates are a strong oxidant in mantle carbon-iron redox reactions, leading to the formation of highly oxidized mantle domains and deep carbon storage. Here we report high Fe
            3+
            /∑Fe values in Cenozoic intraplate basalts from eastern China, which are correlated with geochemical and isotopic compositions that point to a common role of carbonated melt with recycle
Bichloride-based ionic liquids for the merged storage, processing, and electrolysis of hydrogen chloride
Authors: Dreyhsig, G.; Voßnacker, P.; Kleoff, M.; Baunis, H.; Limberg, N.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)


            Hydrogen chloride is produced as a by-product in industrial processes on a million-ton scale. Since HCl is inherently dangerous, its storage and transport are avoided by, e.g., on-site electrolysis providing H
            2
            and Cl
            2
            which usually requires complex cell designs and PFAS-based membranes. Here we report a complementary approach to safely store 0.61 kilogram HCl per kilogram storage material [NEt
            3
            Me]Cl forming
Seasonal changes in black carbon footprint on the Antarctic Peninsula due to rising shipborne tourism and forest fires
Authors: Magalhães, N.; Evangelista, H.; Gonçalves, S.; Alencar, A.; do Santos, E.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)

Refractory black carbon (rBC) has great potential to increase melting when deposited on snow and ice surfaces. Previous studies attributed sources and impacts of rBC in the northern Antarctic Peninsula region by investigating long-range atmospheric transport from South Hemisphere biomass burning and industrial regions or by assessing impacts from local tourism and research activities. We used high-resolution measurements of refractory rBC in a firn core collected near the northern tip of the Ant
Olivine alteration and the loss of Mars’ early atmospheric carbon
Authors: Murray, J.; Jagoutz, O.
Journal: Science Advances (2024)


            The early Martian atmosphere had 0.25 to 4 bar of CO
            2
            but thinned rapidly around 3.5 billion years ago. The fate of that carbon remains poorly constrained. The hydrothermal alteration of ultramafic rocks, rich in Fe(II) and Mg, forms both abiotic methane, serpentine, and high-surface-area smectite clays. Given the abundance of ultramafic rocks and smectite in the Martian upper crust and the growing evidence of organic carbon in Martian sedimentary rocks, we
Harmonized and Open Energy Dataset for Modeling a Highly Renewable Brazilian Power System
Authors: Deng, Y.; Cao, K.; Hu, W.; Stegen, R.; von Krbek, K.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractImprovements in modelling energy systems of populous emerging economies are highly decisive for a successful global energy transition. The models used–increasingly open source–still need more appropriate open data. As an illustrative example, we take the Brazilian energy system, which has great potential for renewable energy resources but still relies heavily on fossil fuels. We provide a comprehensive open dataset for scenario analyses, which can be directly used with the popular open e
Points for energy renovation (PointER): A point cloud dataset of a million buildings linked to energy features
Authors: Krapf, S.; Mayer, K.; Fischer, M.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractRapid renovation of Europe’s inefficient buildings is required to reduce climate change. However, evaluating buildings at scale is challenging because every building is unique. In current practice, the energy performance of buildings is assessed during on-site visits, which are slow, costly, and local. This paper presents a building point cloud dataset that promotes a data-driven, large-scale understanding of the 3D representation of buildings and their energy characteristics. We generat
A crowdsourced dataset of aerial images with annotated solar photovoltaic arrays and installation metadata
Authors: Kasmi, G.; Saint-Drenan, Y.; Trebosc, D.; Jolivet, R.; Leloux, J.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractPhotovoltaic (PV) energy generation plays a crucial role in the energy transition. Small-scale, rooftop PV installations are deployed at an unprecedented pace, and their safe integration into the grid requires up-to-date, high-quality information. Overhead imagery is increasingly being used to improve the knowledge of rooftop PV installations with machine learning models capable of automatically mapping these installations. However, these models cannot be reliably transferred from one re
A solar panel dataset of very high resolution satellite imagery to support the Sustainable Development Goals
Authors: Clark, C.; Pacifici, F.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractEffectively supporting the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals requires reliable, substantial, and timely data. For solar panel installation monitoring, where accurate reporting is crucial in tracking green energy production and sustainable energy access, official and regulated documentation remains inconsistent. Reports of solar panel installations have been supplemented with object detection models developed and used on openly available aerial imagery, a type of imagery colle
Solar active region magnetogram image dataset for studies of space weather
Authors: Boucheron, L.; Vincent, T.; Grajeda, J.; Wuest, E.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractIn this dataset we provide a comprehensive collection of line-of-sight (LOS) solar photospheric magnetograms (images quantifying the strength of the photospheric magnetic field) from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration’s (NASA’s) Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO). The dataset incorporates data from three sources and provides SDO Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager (HMI) magnetograms of solar active regions (regions of large magnetic flux, generally the source of eruptive events
Georectified polygon database of ground-mounted large-scale solar photovoltaic sites in the United States
Authors: Fujita, K.; Ancona, Z.; Kramer, L.; Straka, M.; Gautreau, T.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractOver 4,400 large-scale solar photovoltaic (LSPV) facilities operate in the United States as of December 2021, representing more than 60 gigawatts of electric energy capacity. Of these, over 3,900 are ground-mounted LSPV facilities with capacities of 1 megawatt direct current (MWdc) or more. Ground-mounted LSPV installations continue increasing, with more than 400 projects appearing online in 2021 alone; however, a comprehensive, publicly available georectified dataset including spatial f
A tiled multi-city urban objects dataset for city-scale building energy simulation
Authors: Ma, R.; Fang, D.; Chen, J.; Li, X.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractCity-scale building energy simulation provides a significant reference for planning and urban management. However, large-scale building energy simulation is often unfeasible due to the huge amount of computational resources required and the lack of high-precision building models. For such reasons, this study developed a tiled multi-city urban objects dataset and a distributed data ontology. Such a data metric not only transforms the conventional whole-city simulation model into patch-bas
Emissions of pesticides in the European Union: a new regional-level dataset
Authors: Udias, A.; Galimberti, F.; Dorati, C.; Pistocchi, A.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractWe present a European Union (EU)-wide dataset of estimated quantities of active substances of plant protection product applied on crops (also called “emissions”). Our estimates are derived from data reported by eight EU countries and extrapolated to encompass all EU regions using regression models. These models consider both climate and agricultural land use data. This allows us to spatially represent pesticide use at NUTS Level 3 of the European statistical mapping units, and within var