UEXdo/OpenDataHub huggingface dataset:
A benchmark dataset for binary segmentation and quantification of dust emissions from unsealed roads
Authors: De Silva, A.; Ranasinghe, R.; Sounthararajah, A.; Haghighi, H.; Kodikara, J.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractThe generation of reference data for machine learning models is challenging for dust emissions due to perpetually dynamic environmental conditions. We generated a new vision dataset with the goal of advancing semantic segmentation to identify and quantify vehicle-induced dust clouds from images. We conducted field experiments on 10 unsealed road segments with different types of road surface materials in varying climatic conditions to capture vehicle-induced road dust. A direct single-len
A dataset on energy efficiency grade of white goods in mainland China at regional and household levels
Authors: Li, Z.; Wang, C.; Liu, Y.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractTo improve energy-saving management, the energy efficiency grade (EEG) was introduced by the Chinese government in the 2000s and mainly implemented for white goods (WGs) in early stages. However, due to the lack of actual statistics, how effective the promotion of high EEG WGs has been in China is still not clear. The China Energy Efficiency Grade (CEEG) of WGs dataset described here comprises (i) EEG-related data on 5 kinds of WGs at the regional (national, provincial) and household lev
A quantum chemical interaction energy dataset for accurately modeling protein-ligand interactions
Authors: Spronk, S.; Glick, Z.; Metcalf, D.; Sherrill, C.; Cheney, D.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractFast and accurate calculation of intermolecular interaction energies is desirable for understanding many chemical and biological processes, including the binding of small molecules to proteins. The Splinter [“Symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT0)protein-ligandinteraction”] dataset has been created to facilitate the development and improvement of methods for performing such calculations. Molecular fragments representing commonly found substructures in proteins and small-molecule li
Chinese electricity-focused input-output dataset with detailed coal power and alternative energy for 2018
Authors: Liang, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Wang, Y.; Zhang, H.; Wang, K.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractThe electricity-focused input-output model is a popular approach for analysing the socio-economic and environmental impacts of electricity decarbonisation policies; however, it cannot be built directly owing to a lack of data on electricity technology. Here, we provide the Chinese electricity-focused input-output dataset, which characterises the production and distribution of 14 electricity subsectors. Based on the official input-output table for China in 2018, we disaggregate the origin
A Dataset for Electricity Market Studies on Western and Northeastern Power Grids in the United States
Authors: Zhang, Q.; Li, F.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractEfficient electricity market operations and cost-effective electricity generations are fundamental to a low-carbon energy future. The Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) and Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) systems were built to provide efficient electrical grid simulation solutions for their respective U.S. regions. Data reuse for electricity economic studies remains a challenge due to the lack of credible and realistic economic data. This paper delivers a compreh
FIKElectricity: A Electricity Consumption Dataset from Three Restaurant Kitchens in Portugal
Authors: Pereira, L.; Aguiar, V.; Vasconcelos, F.; Martins, R.; Garcês, T.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractIndustrial Kitchens are very energy-intensive businesses, consuming between five and seven times more energy per square meter than other commercial spaces like office spaces and retail stores. Still, very little research has been carried out on improving the energy efficiency of this industry. This paper presents the FIKElectricity dataset, a collection of electricity data from three Portuguese restaurant kitchens during their daily operation. The duration of the datasets spans three to
A synthetic dataset of Danish residential electricity prosumers
Authors: Yuan, R.; Pourmousavi, S.; Soong, W.; Black, A.; Liisberg, J.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractConventional residential electricity consumers are becoming prosumers who not only consume electricity but also produce it. This shift is expected to occur over the next few decades at a large scale, and it presents numerous uncertainties and risks for the operation, planning, investment, and viable business models of the electricity grid. To prepare for this shift, researchers, utilities, policymakers, and emerging businesses require a comprehensive understanding of future prosumers’ el
A Large Ensemble Global Dataset for Climate Impact Assessments
Authors: Gao, X.; Sokolov, A.; Schlosser, C.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractWe present a self-consistent, large ensemble, high-resolution global dataset of long‐term future climate, which accounts for the uncertainty in climate system response to anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases and in geographical patterns of climate change. The dataset is developed by applying an integrated spatial disaggregation (SD) − bias-correction (BC) method to climate projections from the MIT Integrated Global System Model (IGSM). Four emission scenarios are considered that r
CLIMBra - Climate Change Dataset for Brazil
Authors: Ballarin, A.; Sone, J.; Gesualdo, G.; Schwamback, D.; Reis, A.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractGeneral Circulation and Earth System Models are the most advanced tools for investigating climate responses to future scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions, playing the role of projecting the climate throughout the century. Nevertheless, climate projections are model-dependent and may show systematic biases, requiring a bias correction for any further application. Here, we provide a dataset based on an ensemble of 19 bias-corrected CMIP6 climate models projections for the Brazilian terri
A 21-year dataset (2000–2020) of gap-free global daily surface soil moisture at 1-km grid resolution
Authors: Zheng, C.; Jia, L.; Zhao, T.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractGlobal soil moisture estimates from current satellite missions are suffering from inherent discontinuous observations and coarse spatial resolution, which limit applications especially at the fine spatial scale. This study developed a dataset of global gap-free surface soil moisture (SSM) at daily 1-km resolution from 2000 to 2020. This is achieved based on the European Space Agency - Climate Change Initiative (ESA-CCI) SSM combined product at 0.25° resolution. Firstly, an operational ga
A battery dataset for electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft
Authors: Bills, A.; Sripad, S.; Fredericks, L.; Guttenberg, M.; Charles, D.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

Abstract
                  Electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft have a unique duty cycle characterized by high discharge currents at the beginning and end of the mission (corresponding to takeoff and landing of the aircraft) and a moderate power requirement between them with no rest periods during the mission. Here, we generated a dataset of battery duty profiles for an electric vertical takeoff and landing aircraft using a cell typical for that application. The dataset features 22 cel
HIT-UAV: A high-altitude infrared thermal dataset for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle-based object detection
Authors: Suo, J.; Wang, T.; Zhang, X.; Chen, H.; Zhou, W.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractWe present the HIT-UAV dataset, a high-altitude infrared thermal dataset for object detection applications on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). The dataset comprises 2,898 infrared thermal images extracted from 43,470 frames in hundreds of videos captured by UAVs in various scenarios, such as schools, parking lots, roads, and playgrounds. Moreover, the HIT-UAV provides essential flight data for each image, including flight altitude, camera perspective, date, and daylight intensity. For ea
Positron emission tomography dataset of [11C]carbon dioxide storage in coal for geo-sequestration application
Authors: Jing, Y.; Kumaran, A.; Stimson, D.; Mardon, K.; Najdovski, L.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractPositron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging has demonstrated its capability in providing time-lapse fluid flow visualisation for improving the understanding of flow properties of geologic media. To investigate the process of CO2 geo-sequestration using PET imaging technology, [11C]CO2 is the most optimal and direct radiotracer. However, it has not been extensively used due to the short half-life of Carbon-11 (20.4 minutes). In this work, a novel laboratory protocol is developed to use [11
Carbon footprint and embodied nutrition evaluation of 388 recipes
Authors: Long, Y.; Huang, L.; Fujie, R.; He, P.; Chen, Z.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractFood consumption, which delivers fundamental energy and essential nutrients to human beings, is crucial for achieving a series of sustainable goals. Alongside rising population growth and living standards, there has been a significant increase in food cultivation demands, supply chain complexities, and waste management. Therefore, to protect human health and the environment, promoting sustainable food systems and the uptake of sustainable dietary habits are vital. Yet, information on the
Extension and update of multiscale monthly household carbon footprint in Japan from 2011 to 2022
Authors: Huang, L.; Montagna, S.; Wu, Y.; Chen, Z.; Tanaka, K.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractHousehold consumption significantly contributes to greenhouse gas emissions as it is the largest component of final demand in the national accounting system. Nevertheless, there is an apparent lack of comprehensive and consistent datasets detailing emissions from household consumption. Here, we expand and update Japan’s multiscale monthly household carbon footprint from January 2011 to September 2022, combining data from government statistics and surveys. We constructed a dataset compris
A dataset of low-carbon energy transition index for Chinese cities 2003–2019
Authors: Shen, Y.; Shi, X.; Zhao, Z.; Xu, J.; Sun, Y.
Journal: Scientific Data (2023)

AbstractCities are at the heart of climate change mitigation as they account for over 70% of global carbon emissions. However, cities vary in their energy systems and socioeconomic capacities to transition to renewable energy. To address this heterogeneity, this study proposes an Energy Transition Index (ETI) specifically designed for cities, and applies it to track the progress of energy transition in Chinese cities. The city-level ETI framework is based on the national ETI developed by the Wor
Origins of the open-circuit voltage in ternary organic solar cells and design rules for minimized voltage losses
Authors: Wang, Y.; Yu, J.; Zhang, R.; Yuan, J.; Hultmark, S.
Journal: Nature Energy (2023)

AbstractThe power conversion efficiency of ternary organic solar cells (TOSCs), consisting of one host binary blend and one guest component, remains limited by large voltage losses. The fundamental understanding of the open-circuit voltage (VOC) in TOSCs is controversial, limiting rational design of the guest component. In this study, we systematically investigate how the guest component affects the radiative and non-radiative related parts of VOC of a series of TOSCs using the detailed balanced
Emissions savings from equitable energy demand reduction
Authors: Büchs, M.; Cass, N.; Mullen, C.; Lucas, K.; Ivanova, D.
Journal: Nature Energy (2023)

AbstractEnergy demand reduction (EDR) will be required to reach climate targets in the Global North. To be compatible with just transitions principles, EDR needs to be equitable. Equitable EDR may involve targeting high energy users while ensuring the satisfaction of needs for all, which could require increasing consumption of low users. Emissions impacts of equitable EDR approaches have not yet been assessed. This Article finds that capping energy use of the top quintile of consumers across 27
A global model of hourly space heating and cooling demand at multiple spatial scales
Authors: Staffell, I.; Pfenninger, S.; Johnson, N.
Journal: Nature Energy (2023)

Abstract
                  
                    Accurate modelling of the weather’s temporal and spatial impacts on building energy demand is critical to decarbonizing energy systems. Here we introduce a customizable model for hourly heating and cooling demand applicable globally at all spatial scales. We validate against demand from ~5,000 buildings and 43 regions across four continents. The model requires limited data inputs and shows better agreement with measured demand than existing models.
Leveraging rail-based mobile energy storage to increase grid reliability in the face of climate uncertainty
Authors: Moraski, J.; Popovich, N.; Phadke, A.
Journal: Nature Energy (2023)

Abstract
                  Maintaining reliability is increasingly challenging for electric grids as they endure more frequent extreme weather events and utilize more intermittent generation. Exploration of alternative reliability approaches is needed to effectively address these emerging issues. Here we examine the potential to use the US rail system as a nationwide backup transmission grid over which containerized batteries, or rail-based mobile energy storage (RMES), are shared among regions
Climate change impacts on planned supply–demand match in global wind and solar energy systems
Authors: Liu, L.; He, G.; Wu, M.; Liu, G.; Zhang, H.
Journal: Nature Energy (2023)

AbstractClimate change modulates both energy demand and wind and solar energy supply but a globally synthetic analysis of supply–demand match (SDM) is lacking. Here, we use 12 state-of-the-art climate models to assess climate change impacts on SDM, quantified by the fraction of demand met by local wind or solar supply. For energy systems with varying dependence on wind or solar supply, up to 32% or 44% of non-Antarctic land areas, respectively, are projected to experience robust SDM reductions b
Energy consumption of current and future production of lithium-ion and post lithium-ion battery cells
Authors: Degen, F.; Winter, M.; Bendig, D.; Tübke, J.
Journal: Nature Energy (2023)

AbstractDue to the rapidly increasing demand for electric vehicles, the need for battery cells is also increasing considerably. However, the production of battery cells requires enormous amounts of energy, which is expensive and produces greenhouse gas emissions. Here, by combining data from literature and from own research, we analyse how much energy lithium-ion battery (LIB) and post lithium-ion battery (PLIB) cell production requires on cell and macro-economic levels, currently and in the fut
Mercury and CO2 emissions from artisanal gold mining in Brazilian Amazon rainforest
Authors: Fritz, B.; Peregovich, B.; da Silva Tenório, L.; da Silva Alves, A.; Schmidt, M.
Journal: Nature Sustainability (2023)

Abstract
                  
                    The Tapajós River basin in Brazil is one of the world’s regions most affected by artisanal gold mining (ASGM), which is responsible for the release of mercury and high energy consumption. Mercury, mixed with gold-containing materials and then released through heating to extract the gold, can be recovered using a simple distillation device called a retort. Use of these tools has now become standard. In a comprehensive study, we investigated the use
Designing diversified renewable energy systems to balance multisector performance
Authors: Gonzalez, J.; Tomlinson, J.; Martínez Ceseña, E.; Basheer, M.; Obuobie, E.
Journal: Nature Sustainability (2023)

AbstractRenewable energy system development and improved operation can mitigate climate change. In many regions, hydropower is called to counterbalance the temporal variability of intermittent renewables like solar and wind. However, using hydropower to integrate these renewables can affect aquatic ecosystems and increase cross-sectoral water conflicts. We develop and apply an artificial intelligence-assisted multisector design framework in Ghana, which shows how hydropower’s flexibility alone c
Afforesting arid land with renewable electricity and desalination to mitigate climate change
Authors: Caldera, U.; Breyer, C.
Journal: Nature Sustainability (2023)

AbstractAfforestation is one of the most practised carbon dioxide removal methods but is constrained by the availability of suitable land and sufficient water resources. In this research, existing concepts of low-cost renewable electricity (RE) and seawater desalination are built upon to identify the global CO2 sequestration potential if RE-powered desalination plants were used to irrigate forests on arid land over the period 2030–2100. Results indicate a cumulative CO2 sequestration potential o
Stability follows efficiency based on the analysis of a large perovskite solar cells ageing dataset
Authors: Hartono, N.; Köbler, H.; Graniero, P.; Khenkin, M.; Schlatmann, R.
Journal: Nature Communications (2023)

AbstractWhile perovskite solar cells have reached competitive efficiency values during the last decade, stability issues remain a critical challenge to be addressed for pushing this technology towards commercialisation. In this study, we analyse a large homogeneous dataset of Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) operational ageing data that we collected with a custom-built High-throughput Ageing System in the past 3 years. In total, 2,245 MPPT ageing curves are analysed which were obtained under
Improved photovoltaic performance and robustness of all-polymer solar cells enabled by a polyfullerene guest acceptor
Authors: Yu, H.; Wang, Y.; Zou, X.; Yin, J.; Shi, X.
Journal: Nature Communications (2023)

AbstractFullerene acceptors typically possess excellent electron-transporting properties and can work as guest components in ternary organic solar cells to enhance the charge extraction and efficiencies. However, conventional fullerene small molecules typically suffer from undesirable segregation and dimerization, thus limiting their applications in organic solar cells. Herein we report the use of a poly(fullerene-alt-xylene) acceptor (PFBO-C12) as guest component enables a significant efficienc
High-efficiency bio-inspired hybrid multi-generation photovoltaic leaf
Authors: Huang, G.; Xu, J.; Markides, C.
Journal: Nature Communications (2023)

AbstractMost solar energy incident (&gt;70%) upon commercial photovoltaic panels is dissipated as heat, increasing their operating temperature, and leading to significant deterioration in electrical performance. The solar utilisation efficiency of commercial photovoltaic panels is typically below 25%. Here, we demonstrate a hybrid multi-generation photovoltaic leaf concept that employs a biomimetic transpiration structure made of eco-friendly, low-cost and widely-available materials for effectiv
Electrical performance of a fully reconfigurable series-parallel photovoltaic module
Authors: Calcabrini, A.; Muttillo, M.; Zeman, M.; Manganiello, P.; Isabella, O.
Journal: Nature Communications (2023)

AbstractReconfigurable photovoltaic modules are a promising approach to improve the energy yield of partially shaded systems. So far, the feasibility of this concept has been evaluated through simulations or simplified experiments. In this work, we analyse the outdoor performance of a full-scale prototype of a series-parallel photovoltaic module with six reconfigurable blocks. Over a 4-month-long period, its performance was compared to a reference photovoltaic module with static interconnections
Prolonged hydrogen production by engineered green algae photovoltaic power stations
Authors: Gwon, H.; Park, G.; Yun, J.; Ryu, W.; Ahn, H.
Journal: Nature Communications (2023)

AbstractInterest in securing energy production channels from renewable sources is higher than ever due to the daily observation of the impacts of climate change. A key renewable energy harvesting strategy achieving carbon neutral cycles is artificial photosynthesis. Solar-to-fuel routes thus far relied on elaborately crafted semiconductors, undermining the cost-efficiency of the system. Furthermore, fuels produced required separation prior to utilization. As an artificial photosynthesis design,
Precise synthesis and photovoltaic properties of giant molecule acceptors
Authors: Zhuo, H.; Li, X.; Zhang, J.; Zhu, C.; He, H.
Journal: Nature Communications (2023)

AbstractSeries of giant molecule acceptors DY, TY and QY with two, three and four small molecule acceptor subunits are synthesized by a stepwise synthetic method and used for systematically investigating the influence of subunit numbers on the structure-property relationship from small molecule acceptor YDT to giant molecule acceptors and to polymerized small molecule acceptor PY-IT. Among these acceptors-based devices, the TY-based film shows proper donor/acceptor phase separation, higher charg
Impacts of climate change, population growth, and power sector decarbonization on urban building energy use
Authors: Wang, C.; Song, J.; Shi, D.; Reyna, J.; Horsey, H.
Journal: Nature Communications (2023)

AbstractClimate, technologies, and socio-economic changes will influence future building energy use in cities. However, current low-resolution regional and state-level analyses are insufficient to reliably assist city-level decision-making. Here we estimate mid-century hourly building energy consumption in 277 U.S. urban areas using a bottom-up approach. The projected future climate change results in heterogeneous changes in energy use intensity (EUI) among urban areas, particularly under higher
Creating complex protocells and prototissues using simple DNA building blocks
Authors: Arulkumaran, N.; Singer, M.; Howorka, S.; Burns, J.
Journal: Nature Communications (2023)

AbstractBuilding synthetic protocells and prototissues hinges on the formation of biomimetic skeletal frameworks. Recreating the complexity of cytoskeletal and exoskeletal fibers, with their widely varying dimensions, cellular locations and functions, represents a major material hurdle and intellectual challenge which is compounded by the additional demand of using simple building blocks to ease fabrication and control. Here we harness simplicity to create complexity by assembling structural fra
The effect of sustainable mobility transition policies on cumulative urban transport emissions and energy demand
Authors: Winkler, L.; Pearce, D.; Nelson, J.; Babacan, O.
Journal: Nature Communications (2023)

AbstractThe growing urban transport sector presents towns and cities with an escalating challenge in the reduction of their greenhouse gas emissions. Here we assess the effectiveness of several widely considered policy options (electrification, light-weighting, retrofitting, scrapping, regulated manufacturing standards and modal shift) in achieving the transition to sustainable urban mobility in terms of their emissions and energy impact until 2050. Our analysis investigates the severity of acti
Warming proportional to cumulative carbon emissions not explained by heat and carbon sharing mixing processes
Authors: Gillett, N.
Journal: Nature Communications (2023)

AbstractThe constant ratio of global warming to cumulative CO2 emissions underpins the use of cumulative emissions budgets as policy tools, and the need to reach net zero CO2 emissions to stabilize global mean temperature. Several studies have argued that this property arises because heat and carbon are mixed into the ocean by similar physical processes, and this argument was echoed in the latest Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change report. Here we show that, contrary to this hypothesis, at