UEXdo/OpenDataHub huggingface dataset:
A hierarchical dataset on multiple energy consumption and PV generation with emissions and weather information
Authors: Dong, H.; Zhu, J.; Chung, C.; Liang, Z.; Yang, H.
Journal: Scientific Data (2025)

Abstract
                  This study constructs a multi-source and hierarchical dataset of energy consumption, photovoltaic (PV) power generation, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, and weather information, dubbed Hierarchical Energy, Emissions, and Weather (HEEW). This dataset contains 11,987,328 records for 147 individual buildings, four aggregated communities, and the entire region, which is structured as time-series tables indexed by building ID and timestamps from 1 January 2014 to 31 Decembe
A global dataset of the cost of capital for renewable energy projects
Authors: Steffen, B.; Egli, F.; Gumber, A.; Ðukan, M.; Waidelich, P.
Journal: Scientific Data (2025)

Abstract
          The cost of capital (CoC) critically influences the levelized cost of renewable energy and, by extension, the global low-carbon transition. However, reliable and consistent CoC data remain scarce, limiting an appropriate reflection of CoC differences in energy system and integrated assessment models. We present a global dataset of CoC for renewable energy projects, covering 68 countries from 2010 to 2022 and focusing on three key technologies: utility-scale solar photovoltaics
COFACTOR Drammen dataset - 4 years of hourly energy use data from 45 public buildings in Drammen, Norway
Authors: Lien, S.; Walnum, H.; Sørensen, Å.
Journal: Scientific Data (2025)

Abstract
          To limit energy consumption and peak loads with increased electrification of our society, more information is needed about the energy use in buildings. This article presents a data set that contains 4 years (Jan. 2018- Dec. 2021/Mar. 2022) of hourly measurements of energy and weather data from 45 public buildings located in Drammen, Norway. The buildings are schools (16), kindergartens (20), nursing homes (7) and offices (2). For each building, the data set contains contextual
5G High Density Demand Dataset in Liverpool City Region, UK
Authors: Maheshwari, M.; Raschellà, A.; Mackay, M.; Eiza, M.; Wetherall, J.
Journal: Scientific Data (2025)

Abstract
                  The wireless network data are a feasible way to understand the user behavior in a given environment and may be utilized for analysis, prediction and optimization. On the other hand, datasets from wireless service providers are not publicly available, and obtaining a dataset in real time is challenging. In this work, we present a 5G dense deployment dataset obtained from the Liverpool City Region High Density Demand (LCR HDD) project. The project involves network deploy
A 20-year dataset (2001–2020) of global cropland water-use efficiency at 1-km grid resolution
Authors: Jiang, M.; Zheng, C.; Jia, L.; Chen, J.
Journal: Scientific Data (2025)

Abstract
          Cropland water-use efficiency (WUE) is an essential indicator for the sustainable utilization of agricultural water resources. The lack of long-term global cropland WUE datasets with high spatial resolution limits our understanding of global and regional patterns of cropland WUE. This study developed a long-term global cropland WUE dataset at 1-km spatial resolution from 2001 to 2020. The cropland WUE was obtained as the ratio between net primary productivity (NPP) and evapotr
Mondragon Unibertsitatea face-milling dataset for smart tool condition monitoring
Authors: Peralta Abadia, J.; Cuesta Zabaljauregui, M.; Larrinaga Barrenechea, F.
Journal: Scientific Data (2025)

Abstract
          This article presents a dataset of face-milling experiments for smart tool condition monitoring (TCM) performed under varying cutting conditions in the High-Perfomance Machining laboratory of Mondragon Unibertsitatea (MU). The experiments collected raw internal signals from the machine. Cutting forces, vibration signals, and acoustic emission signals were collected with external sensors. Tool wear was measured before each experiment and annotated accordingly, providing tool we
High-temporal-resolution dataset of uni-, bidirectional, and dynamic electric vehicle charging profiles
Authors: Esser, M.; Orfanoudakis, S.; Homaee, O.; Vahidinasab, V.; Vergara, P.
Journal: Scientific Data (2025)

Abstract
          The transition to Electric Vehicles (EVs) introduces challenges for power grid integration, particularly due to the growing demand for charging infrastructure. To support research on smart charging strategies and bidirectional charging applications, this study presents an open-access dataset containing 142 EV charging profiles obtained in a laboratory environment. The dataset includes static charging and discharging scenarios alongside dynamic profiles where the charging power
Unveiling Energy Dynamics of Battery Electric Vehicle Using High-Resolution Data
Authors: Yasko, M.; Moussa Issaka, A.; Tian, F.; Kazmi, H.; Driesen, J.
Journal: Scientific Data (2025)

Abstract
                  Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have increasingly positioned themselves as a critical technology in the power system, impacting the world’s energy consumption. Understanding the BEV energy dynamics can contribute to vehicle, infrastructure, and grid optimization. Currently, BEV manufacturers provide limited access to the vehicle’s high energy consuming components, such as the battery and the charger. Therefore, existing public datasets consist mostly of aggregated dat
Disaggregated Municipal Energy Consumption and Emissions in End-use Sectors in Germany and Spain for 2022
Authors: Patil, S.; Pflugradt, N.; Weinand, J.; Kropp, J.; Stolten, D.
Journal: Scientific Data (2025)

Abstract
          Sectorally-detailed municipal energy consumption and emissions datasets are crucial for localized policy-making, resource allocation, and climate action planning. While some large municipalities develop bottom-up inventories, smaller ones often lack the capacity to do so. Existing studies have spatially disaggregated national totals, yet no dataset to date provides both energy consumption and emissions data across multiple sectors at the municipal level. This study addresses t
Diversity of biomass usage pathways to achieve emissions targets in the European energy system
Authors: Millinger, M.; Hedenus, F.; Zeyen, E.; Neumann, F.; Reichenberg, L.
Journal: Nature Energy (2025)

Abstract
                  Biomass is a versatile renewable energy source with applications across the energy system, but it is a limited resource and its usage needs prioritization. We use a sector-coupled European energy system model to explore near-optimal solutions for achieving emissions targets. We find that provision of biogenic carbon has higher value than bioenergy provision. Energy system costs increase by 20% if biomass is excluded at a net-negative (−110%) emissions target and by 14%
Global greenhouse gas emissions mitigation potential of existing and planned hydrogen projects
Authors: Terlouw, T.; Moretti, C.; Harpprecht, C.; Sacchi, R.; McKenna, R.
Journal: Nature Energy (2025)

Abstract
                  
                    Hydrogen will play a critical role in decarbonizing diverse economic sectors. However, given limited sustainable resources and the energy-intensive nature of its production, prioritizing its applications will be essential. Here, we analyse approximately 2,000 (low-carbon) hydrogen projects worldwide, encompassing operational and planned initiatives until 2043, quantifying their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and mitigation potential from a life cyc
Power price stability and the insurance value of renewable technologies
Authors: Navia Simon, D.; Diaz Anadon, L.
Journal: Nature Energy (2025)

Abstract
          To understand if renewables stabilize or destabilize electricity prices, we simulate European power markets as projected by the National Energy and Climate Plans for 2030 but replicating the historical variability in electricity demand, the prices of fossil fuels and weather. We propose a β-sensitivity metric, defined as the projected increase in the average annual price of electricity when the price of natural gas increases by 1 euro. We show that annual power prices spikes w
Feasibility of meeting future battery demand via domestic cell production in Europe
Authors: Link, S.; Schneider, L.; Stephan, A.; Weymann, L.; Plötz, P.
Journal: Nature Energy (2025)

Abstract
          Batteries are critical to mitigate global warming, with battery electric vehicles as the backbone of low-carbon transport and the main driver of advances and demand for battery technology. However, the future demand and production of batteries remain uncertain, while the ambition to strengthen national capabilities and self-sufficiency is gaining momentum. In this study, leveraging probabilistic modelling, we assessed Europe’s capability to meet its future demand for high-ener
Policymaker-led scenarios and public dialogue facilitate energy demand analysis for net-zero futures
Authors: Sharmina, M.; Broad, O.; Barrett, J.; Brand, C.; Garvey, A.
Journal: Nature Energy (2025)

Abstract
                  Demand-side energy reductions have so far received less policy support than supply-side net-zero technologies. Here we undertake a demand-focused process for energy scenario analysis, led by policymakers and evaluated through public dialogue. We codesign, describe and model four societal futures that aim to achieve the UK’s 2050 net-zero target. The uniquely close involvement of policymakers leading the project generates markedly different narratives that reflect polic
Demand-side strategies enable rapid and deep cuts in buildings and transport emissions to 2050
Authors: van Heerden, R.; Edelenbosch, O.; Daioglou, V.; Le Gallic, T.; Baptista, L.
Journal: Nature Energy (2025)

Abstract
          Decarbonization of energy-using sectors is essential for tackling climate change. We use an ensemble of global integrated assessment models to assess CO2 emissions reduction potentials in buildings and transport, accounting for system interactions. We focus on three intervention strategies with distinct emphases: reducing or changing activity, improving technological efficiency and electrifying energy end use. We find that these strategies can reduce emissions by 51–85% in bui
Strategizing renewable energy transitions to preserve sediment transport integrity
Authors: Xu, B.; Liu, Z.; Yan, S.; Schmitt, R.; He, X.
Journal: Nature Sustainability (2025)

Abstract
                  Hydropower is vital for climate mitigation by enabling low-carbon energy systems, but hydropower dams also trap sediment, a crucial resource for ecosystems and climate adaptation along downstream coastlines. Here we present a multisectoral integrated water–sediment–energy planning framework that fully internalizes the impacts of hydropower expansion, both on energy system costs and on foregone ecosystem services from reduced sediment supply for the Mekong River Basin.
Energy- and cost-efficient CO2 capture from dilute emissions by pyridinic-graphene membranes
Authors: Micari, M.; Hsu, K.; Bempeli, S.; Agrawal, K.
Journal: Nature Sustainability (2025)

Abstract
                  
                    Membrane-based carbon capture offers an energy-efficient and environmentally friendly alternative to conventional absorption-based processes, yet adoption remains limited by its performance with dilute CO
                    2
                    sources such as natural gas power plants. Here we present a techno-economic assessment of pyridinic-graphene membranes—porous graphene membranes hosting pyridinic nitrogen—that yield increasingly high CO
Embodied emissions of chemicals within the EU Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism
Authors: Minten, H.; Hausweiler, J.; Probst, B.; Reinert, C.; Meys, R.
Journal: Nature Sustainability (2025)

Abstract
                  The European Union’s Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) aims to avoid carbon leakage by pricing the production emissions of imported goods. Currently, the CBAM applies to iron and steel, cement, aluminium, fertilizers, electricity and hydrogen. As the European Union considers extending the CBAM to chemicals by 2030, its effectiveness in this complex industry remains uncertain. Here we assess how well the CBAM would capture emissions in the chemical industry by u
Observing time-dependent energy level renormalisation in an ultrastrongly coupled open system
Authors: Colla, A.; Hasse, F.; Palani, D.; Schaetz, T.; Breuer, H.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
          Understanding how strong coupling and memory effects influence energy levels in open quantum systems is a fundamental challenge. Here, we experimentally probe these effects in a two-level open system coupled to a single-mode quantum environment, using Ramsey interferometry in a trapped ion. Operating in the strong coupling regime, we observe both dissipative effects and time-dependent energy shifts of up to 15% of the bare system frequency, with the total system effectively is
A pathway to coexistence of electroluminescence and photovoltaic conversion in organic devices
Authors: Oono, T.; Aoki, Y.; Sasaki, T.; Shoji, H.; Okada, T.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
                  Achieving both high electroluminescence (EL) efficiency and power conversion efficiency (PCE) in a single organic device has long been considered difficult, since the design principles optimising one often compromise the other. In this study, we present a strategy employing multiple-resonance thermally activated delayed fluorescence materials with strong absorption and high emission efficiency, enabling coexistence of high EL and photovoltaic (PV) efficiencies. By prec
Nonlinear photovoltaic effects in monolayer semiconductor and layered magnetic material hetero-interface with P- and T-symmetry broken system
Authors: Asada, S.; Shinokita, K.; Watanabe, K.; Taniguchi, T.; Matsuda, K.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
          Stacking two non-polar materials with different inversion- and rotational-symmetries shows unique nonlinear photovoltaic properties, with potential applications such as in next generation solar-cells. These nonlinear photocurrent properties could be further extended with broken time reversal symmetry present in magnetic materials, however, the combination of time reversal and rotation symmetry breaking has not been fully explored. Herein, we investigate the nonlinear photovolt
Emerging green steel markets surrounding the EU emissions trading system and carbon border adjustment mechanism
Authors: Johnson, C.; Åhman, M.; Nilsson, L.; Li, Z.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
          The global steel industry accounts for 8–10 % of global CO2 emissions and requires deep decarbonisation for achieving the targets set in the Paris Agreement. However, no low-emission primary steel production technology has yet been commercially feasible or deployed. Through analysing revisions and additions of European Union climate policy, we show that green hydrogen-based steelmaking in competitive locations achieves cost-competitiveness on the European market starting 2026.
The importance of multiregional accounting for corporate carbon emissions
Authors: Davis, S.; Dumit, A.; Li, M.; Maldonado, Y.; Steffen, M.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
                  
                    Corporations routinely use environmentally-extended input-output models to estimate and report greenhouse gas emissions upstream in their supply chains. However, the most widely used models assume that supply chains and emissions intensities of industries match those of a single region—usually the U.S. or the U.K. Here, we use a high-resolution multiregional input-output model to demonstrate the scale and pattern of emissions that may be missed by
Quantifying the shift of public export finance from fossil fuels to renewable energy
Authors: Censkowsky, P.; Waidelich, P.; Shishlov, I.; Steffen, B.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
          By providing guarantees and direct lending, public export credit agencies (ECAs) de-risk and thus enable energy projects worldwide. Despite their importance for global greenhouse gas emission pathways, a systematic assessment of ECAs’ role and financing patterns in the low-carbon energy transition is still needed. Using commercial transaction data, here we analyze 921 energy deals backed by ECAs from 31 OECD and non-OECD countries (excluding Canada) between 2013 and 2023. We f
Quantifying the trade-offs between renewable energy visibility and system costs
Authors: Tsani, T.; Pelser, T.; Ioannidis, R.; Maier, R.; Chen, R.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
                  Visual landscape impacts on scenic and populated places are among significant factors affecting local acceptance of large-scale renewable energy projects. Through the combination of large-scale reverse viewshed and techno-economic energy system analyses, we assess their potential impacts for nationwide energy systems. In our case study of Germany, moderate consideration of visual impact by placing renewables out of sight of the most scenic and densely populated areas d
Global potential of sustainable single-cell protein based on variable renewable electricity
Authors: Fasihi, M.; Jouzi, F.; Tervasmäki, P.; Vainikka, P.; Breyer, C.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
          The environmental impacts of the food system exceed several planetary boundaries, with protein production being a major contributor. Single-Cell Protein (SCP) is a protein-rich microbial biomass that offers a sustainable alternative when derived from renewable energy and sustainable feedstocks. We evaluate the global potential for SCP production utilising electrolytic hydrogen and oxygen, atmospheric carbon dioxide and nitrogen, and hourly-optimised hybrid PV-wind power plants
Gram-scale selective telomerization of isoprene and CO2 toward 100% renewable materials
Authors: Lutz, M.; Kracht, F.; Marumoto, K.; Nozaki, K.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
          Carbon dioxide (CO2) is an ideal chemical feedstock due to its abundance, low cost, low toxicity and its role as a greenhouse gas. Telomerization with butadiene give rise to functional small molecules and polymers with significant CO2 content, but the fossil origin of the olefin offsets sustainability benefits. Here, we present a palladium-catalyzed telomerization of CO2 with isoprene, two of the most prevalent organic compounds in the atmosphere, yielding “COOIL”, an ideally
Temporal matching as an accounting principle for green electricity claims
Authors: Scholta, H.; Blaschke, M.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
          Labeling electricity as green typically relies on annual volumetric matching of certificates. Recent studies have shown that hourly matching can improve the environmental effectiveness of green electricity procurement. Responding to the European Union’s push for more transparent and reliable green products, we assess how stricter temporal matching affects green electricity claims. Using data from the European certificate and electricity market, we analyze quarterly, monthly, w
Efficiency optimization for large-scale droplet-based electricity generator arrays with integrated microsupercapacitor arrays
Authors: Li, Z.; Chen, S.; Fu, Y.; Li, J.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
          Droplet-based electricity generators are lightweight and nearly metal-free, making them promising for hydraulic power applications. However, two critical challenges hinder their practical application: significant performance degradation, potentially up to 90%, in existing small-scale integrated panels, and low efficiency, often less than 2%, in storing the irregular high-voltage pulsed electricity produced by large-scale arrays. Here, we demonstrate that by tailoring the botto
Quantifying the global climate feedback from energy-based adaptation
Authors: Abajian, A.; Carleton, T.; Meng, K.; Deschênes, O.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
          Many behavioral responses to climate change are carbon-intensive, raising concerns that adaptation may cause additional warming. The sign and magnitude of this feedback depend on how increased emissions from cooling balance against reduced emissions from heating across space and time. We present an empirical approach that forecasts the effect of future adaptive energy use on global average temperature over the 21st century. We estimate that energy-based adaptation will lower g
Energy and climate policy implications on the deployment of low-carbon ammonia technologies
Authors: Chyong, C.; Italiani, E.; Kazantzis, N.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
                  
                    The economic feasibility of low-carbon ammonia production pathways, such as steam methane reforming with carbon capture and storage, biomass gasification, and electrolysis, is assessed under various policy frameworks, including subsidies, carbon pricing, and renewable hydrogen regulations. Here, we show that employing a stochastic techno-economic analysis at the plant level and a net present value approach under the US Inflation Reduction Act revea
Speed modulations in grid cell information geometry
Authors: Ye, Z.; Wessel, R.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
                  Grid cells, with hexagonal spatial firing patterns, are thought critical to the brain’s spatial representation. High-speed movement challenges accurate localization as self-location constantly changes. Previous studies of speed modulation focus on individual grid cells, yet population-level noise covariance can significantly impact information coding. Here, we introduce a Gaussian Process with Kernel Regression (GKR) method to study neural population representation geo
Entorhinal grid-like codes for visual space during memory formation
Authors: Graichen, L.; Linder, M.; Keuter, L.; Jensen, O.; Doeller, C.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
                  Eye movements, such as saccades, allow us to gather information about the environment and, in this way, can shape memory. In non-human primates, saccades are associated with the activity of grid cells in the entorhinal cortex. Grid cells are essential for spatial navigation, but whether saccade-based grid-like signals play a role in human memory formation is currently unclear. Here, human participants undergo functional magnetic resonance imaging and continuous eye gaz
Planning the electric vehicle transition by integrating spatial information and social networks
Authors: Wu, J.; Salgado, A.; González, M.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
                  The transition from gasoline-powered vehicles to plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) offers a promising pathway for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Spatial forecasts of PEV adoption are essential to support power grid adaptation, yet forecasting is hindered by limited data at this early stage of adoption. While different model calibrations can replicate current trends, they often yield divergent forecasts. Using empirical data from states with the highest levels of ado
Deep learning predicts real-world electric vehicle direct current charging profiles and durations
Authors: Li, S.; Zhang, M.; Doel, R.; Ross, B.; Piggott, M.
Journal: Nature Communications (2025)

Abstract
                  Accurate prediction of electric vehicle charging profiles and durations is critical for adoption and optimising infrastructure. Direct current fast charging presents complex behaviours shaped by many factors. This work introduces a deep learning framework trained on 909,135 real-world sessions, capable of predicting charging profiles and durations from minimal input with uncertainty estimates. The model initiates predictions from a single point on the power and state-o