UEXdo/OpenDataHub huggingface dataset:
Wind power variation by wind veer characteristics with two wind farms
Authors: Tumenbayar, U.; Ko, K.
Journal: Scientific Reports (2023)

AbstractTo clarify the wind veer characteristics with height and their effect on the wind turbine power outputs, an investigation was carried out at the wind farms with complex and simple terrains. A 2 MW and a 1.5 MW wind turbine were tested, each having an 80 m tall met mast and a ground lidar to capture wind veering. Wind veer conditions were divided into four types based on wind direction changes with height. The power deviation coefficient (PDC) and the revenue differences for the four type
Optimized scheduling study of user side energy storage in cloud energy storage model
Authors: Wang, H.; Yao, H.; Zhou, J.; Guo, Q.
Journal: Scientific Reports (2023)

AbstractWith the new round of power system reform, energy storage, as a part of power system frequency regulation and peaking, is an indispensable part of the reform. Among them, user-side small energy storage devices have the advantages of small size, flexible use and convenient application, but present decentralized characteristics in space. Therefore, the optimal allocation of small energy storage resources and the reduction of operating costs are urgent problems to be solved. In this study,
Simulation of melting paraffin with graphene nanoparticles within a solar thermal energy storage system
Authors: Jafaryar, M.; Sheikholeslami, M.
Journal: Scientific Reports (2023)

AbstractIn this paper, applying new structure and loading Graphene nanoparticles have been considered as promising techniques for enhancing thermal storage systems. The layers within the paraffin zone were made from aluminum and the melting temperature of paraffin is 319.55 K. The paraffin zone located in the middle section of the triplex tube and uniform hot temperatures (335 K) for both walls of annulus have been applied. Three geometries for the container were applied with changing the angle
Forecasting the carbon footprint of civil buildings under different floor area growth trends and varying energy supply methods
Authors: Teng, J.; Yin, H.
Journal: Scientific Reports (2023)

AbstractThe energy consumption and carbon footprint of buildings are significantly impacted by variations in building area and the number of households. Therefore, it is crucial to forecast the growth trend of building area and number of households. A validated time series model is used to predict the new building area in Jilin Province from 2023 to 2030. The new building area in Jilin Province is expected to exhibit two trends of growth in the future: rapid growth (S1) and slow growth (S2). By
Blending controlled-release urea and urea under ridge-furrow with plastic film mulching improves yield while mitigating carbon footprint in rainfed potato
Authors: Sun, M.; Ma, B.; Lu, P.; Bai, J.; Mi, J.
Journal: Scientific Reports (2023)

AbstractRidge-furrow with plastic film mulching and various urea types have been applied in rainfed agriculture, but their interactive effects on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) yield and especially environments remain poorly understood. A three-year experiment was conducted to explore the responses of tuber yield, methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, net global warming potential (NGWP), carbon footprint (CF), and net ecosystem economic budget (NEEB) of rainfed potato to two mulching p
Household energy-saving behavior, its consumption, and life satisfaction in 37 countries
Authors: Piao, X.; Managi, S.
Journal: Scientific Reports (2023)

AbstractSince energy consumption became an important contributor to climate change owing to carbon emissions, energy-saving behavior and expenditure at the household level have been attracting scholars’ and policymakers’ attention. This study identified whether greenhouse gas emissions at the household level can be reduced through purchase of energy-saving goods and whether the energy-saving behavior enhanced with household income increase. We conducted a large-scale survey across 37 nations usi
Comprehensive energy efficiency optimization algorithm for steel load considering network reconstruction and demand response
Authors: Zang, Y.; Wang, S.; Ge, W.; Li, Y.; Cui, J.
Journal: Scientific Reports (2023)

AbstractIndustrial loads are usually energy intensive and inefficient. The optimization of energy efficiency management in steel plants is still in the early stage of development. Considering the topology of power grid, it is an urgent problem to improve the operation economy and load side energy efficiency of steel plants. In this paper, a two-level collaborative optimization method is proposed, which takes into account the dynamic reconstruction cost, transmission loss cost, energy cost and de
Impact of implementing emergency demand response program and tie-line on cyber-physical distribution network resiliency
Authors: Osman, S.; Sedhom, B.; Kaddah, S.
Journal: Scientific Reports (2023)

AbstractRecently, due to the complex nature of cyber-physical distribution networks (DNs) and the severity of power outages caused by natural disasters, microgrid (MG) formation, distributed renewable energy resources (DRERs), and demand response programs (DRP) have been employed to enhance the resiliency of these networks. This paper proposes a novel multi-objective MGs formation method-based darts game theory optimization algorithm. The microgrid formation is obtained by controlling the sectio
A shallow scattering layer structures the energy seascape of an open ocean predator
Authors: Arostegui, M.; Muhling, B.; Culhane, E.; Dewar, H.; Koch, S.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)

Large predators frequent the open ocean where subsurface light drives visually based trophic interactions. However, we lack knowledge on how predators achieve energy balance in the unproductive open ocean where prey biomass is minimal in well-lit surface waters but high in dim midwaters in the form of scattering layers. We use an interdisciplinary approach to assess how the bioenergetics of scattering layer forays by a model predator vary across biomes. We show that the mean metabolic cost rate
A search for new back contacts for CdTe solar cells
Authors: Gorai, P.; Krasikov, D.; Grover, S.; Xiong, G.; Metzger, W.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)


                    There is widespread interest in reaching the practical efficiency of cadmium telluride (CdTe) thin-film solar cells, which suffer from open-circuit voltage loss due to high surface recombination velocity and Schottky barrier at the back contact. Here, we focus on back contacts in the superstrate configuration with the goal of finding new materials that can provide improved passivation, electron reflection, and hole transport properties compared to the commonly used material,
Jaynes-Cummings interaction between low-energy free electrons and cavity photons
Authors: Karnieli, A.; Fan, S.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)

The Jaynes-Cummings Hamiltonian is at the core of cavity quantum electrodynamics; however, it relies on bound-electron emitters fundamentally limited by the binding Coulomb potential. In this work, we propose theoretically a new approach to realizing the Jaynes-Cummings model using low-energy free electrons coupled to dielectric microcavities and exemplify several quantum technologies made possible by this approach. Using quantum recoil, a large detuning inhibits the emission of multiple consecu
Nonlinear terahertz control of the lead halide perovskite lattice
Authors: Frenzel, M.; Cherasse, M.; Urban, J.; Wang, F.; Xiang, B.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)


            Lead halide perovskites (LHPs) have emerged as an excellent class of semiconductors for next-generation solar cells and optoelectronic devices. Tailoring physical properties by fine-tuning the lattice structures has been explored in these materials by chemical composition or morphology. Nevertheless, its dynamic counterpart, phonon-driven ultrafast material control, as contemporarily harnessed for oxide perovskites, has not yet been established. Here, we use intense THz electric fie
Very high-energy gamma-ray emission beyond 10 TeV from GRB 221009A
Authors: , .
Journal: Science Advances (2023)


            The highest-energy gamma-rays from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) have important implications for their radiation mechanism. Here we report the detection of gamma-rays up to 13 teraelectronvolts from the brightest GRB 221009A by the Large High Altitude Air-shower Observatory (LHAASO). The LHAASO-KM2A detector registered more than 140 gamma-rays with energies above 3 teraelectronvolts during 230 to 900 seconds after the trigger. The intrinsic energy spectrum of gamma-rays can be described b
Manipulating nitration and stabilization to achieve high energy
Authors: Singh, J.; Staples, R.; Shreeve, J.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)


            Nitro groups have played a central and decisive role in the development of the most powerful known energetic materials. Highly nitrated compounds are potential oxidizing agents, which could replace the environmentally hazardous used materials such as ammonium perchlorate. The scarcity of azole compounds with a large number of nitro groups is likely due to their inherent thermal instability and the limited number of ring sites available for bond formation. Now, the formation of the f
Machine learning for industrial processes: Forecasting amine emissions from a carbon capture plant
Authors: Jablonka, K.; Charalambous, C.; Sanchez Fernandez, E.; Wiechers, G.; Monteiro, J.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)

One of the main environmental impacts of amine-based carbon capture processes is the emission of the solvent into the atmosphere. To understand how these emissions are affected by the intermittent operation of a power plant, we performed stress tests on a plant operating with a mixture of two amines, 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol and piperazine (CESAR1). To forecast the emissions and model the impact of interventions, we developed a machine learning model. Our model showed that some interventions
Hydrothermal-derived black carbon as a source of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon in the ocean
Authors: Yamashita, Y.; Mori, Y.; Ogawa, H.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)


            Deep-sea hydrothermal vents are a possible source of thermogenic dissolved black carbon (DBC), which is a component of recalcitrant dissolved organic carbon, but little is known about the distribution of hydrothermal DBC in the deep ocean. Here, we show basin-scale distributions of DBC along two transects in the eastern Pacific Ocean, which are located outside the jet-like hydrothermal plumes from the East Pacific Rise. The DBC concentration in the deep waters did not show a strong
Marine biogenic emissions of benzene and toluene and their contribution to secondary organic aerosols over the polar oceans
Authors: Wohl, C.; Li, Q.; Cuevas, C.; Fernandez, R.; Yang, M.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)


                    Reactive trace gas emissions from the polar oceans are poorly characterized, even though their effects on atmospheric chemistry and aerosol formation are crucial for assessing current and preindustrial aerosol forcing on climate. Here, we present seawater and atmospheric measurements of benzene and toluene, two gases typically associated with pollution, in the remote Southern Ocean and the Arctic marginal ice zone. Their distribution suggests a marine biogenic source. Calcul
Will reshoring manufacturing of advanced electric vehicle battery support renewable energy transition and climate targets?
Authors: Lal, A.; You, F.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)

Recent global logistics and geopolitical challenges draw attention to the potential raw material shortages for electric vehicle (EV) batteries. Here, we analyze the long-term energy and sustainability prospects to ensure a secure and resilient midstream and downstream value chain for the U.S. EV battery market amid uncertain market expansion and evolving battery technologies. With current battery technologies, reshoring and ally-shoring the midstream and downstream EV battery manufacturing will
Injectable, self-healing hydrogel adhesives with firm tissue adhesion and on-demand biodegradation for sutureless wound closure
Authors: Ren, H.; Zhang, Z.; Cheng, X.; Zou, Z.; Chen, X.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)


            Tissue adhesives have garnered extensive interest as alternatives and supplements to sutures, whereas major challenges still remain, including weak tissue adhesion, inadequate biocompatibility, and uncontrolled biodegradation. Here, injectable and biocompatible hydrogel adhesives are developed via catalyst-free
            o-
            phthalaldehyde/amine (hydrazide) cross-linking reaction. The hydrogels demonstrate rapid and firm adhesion to various tissues, and an
            o
Swarming self-adhesive microgels enabled aneurysm on-demand embolization in physiological blood flow
Authors: Jin, D.; Wang, Q.; Chan, K.; Xia, N.; Yang, H.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)

The recent rise of swarming microrobotics offers great promise in the revolution of minimally invasive embolization procedure for treating aneurysm. However, targeted embolization treatment of aneurysm using microrobots has significant challenges in the delivery capability and filling controllability. Here, we develop an interventional catheterization-integrated swarming microrobotic platform for aneurysm on-demand embolization in physiological blood flow. A pH-responsive self-healing hydrogel d
Energy budget diagnosis of changing climate feedback
Authors: Cael, B.; Bloch-Johnson, J.; Ceppi, P.; Fredriksen, H.; Goodwin, P.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)


            The climate feedback determines how Earth’s climate responds to anthropogenic forcing. It is thought to have been more negative in recent decades due to a sea surface temperature “pattern effect,” whereby warming is concentrated in the western tropical Pacific, where nonlocal radiative feedbacks are very negative. This phenomenon has however primarily been studied within climate models. We diagnose a pattern effect from historical records as an evolution of the climate feedback over
Grid-based methods for chemistry simulations on a quantum computer
Authors: Chan, H.; Meister, R.; Jones, T.; Tew, D.; Benjamin, S.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)

First-quantized, grid-based methods for chemistry modeling are a natural and elegant fit for quantum computers. However, it is infeasible to use today’s quantum prototypes to explore the power of this approach because it requires a substantial number of near-perfect qubits. Here, we use exactly emulated quantum computers with up to 36 qubits to execute deep yet resource-frugal algorithms that model 2D and 3D atoms with single and paired particles. A range of tasks is explored, from ground state
Solar-powered simultaneous highly efficient seawater desalination and highly specific target extraction with smart DNA hydrogels
Authors: Liang, H.; Mu, Y.; Yin, M.; He, P.; Guo, W.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)

Obtaining freshwater and important minerals from seawater with solar power facilitates the sustainable development of human society. Hydrogels have demonstrated great solar-powered water evaporation potential, but highly efficient and specific target extraction remains to be expanded. Here, we report the simultaneous highly efficient seawater desalination and specific extraction of uranium with smart DNA hydrogels. The DNA hydrogel greatly promoted the evaporation of water, with the water evapor
Light-stimulated micromotor swarms in an electric field with accurate spatial, temporal, and mode control
Authors: Liang, Z.; Joh, H.; Lian, B.; Fan, D.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)

Swarming, a phenomenon widely present in nature, is a hallmark of nonequilibrium living systems that harness external energy into collective locomotion. The creation and study of manmade swarms may provide insights into their biological counterparts and shed light to the rules of life. Here, we propose an innovative mechanism for rationally creating multimodal swarms with unprecedented spatial, temporal, and mode control. The research is realized in a system made of optoelectric semiconductor na
A flexoelectricity-enabled ultrahigh piezoelectric effect of a polymeric composite foam as a strain-gradient electric generator
Authors: Yan, D.; Wang, J.; Xiang, J.; Xing, Y.; Shao, L.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)

All dielectric materials including ceramics, semiconductors, biomaterials, and polymers have the property of flexoelectricity, which opens a fertile avenue to sensing, actuation, and energy harvesting by a broad range of materials. However, the flexoelectricity of solids is weak at the macroscale. Here, we achieve an ultrahigh flexoelectric effect via a composite foam based on PDMS and CCTO nanoparticles. The mass- and deformability-specific flexoelectricity of the foam exceeds 10,000 times that
Electric field–dependent phonon spectrum and heat conduction in ferroelectrics
Authors: Wooten, B.; Iguchi, R.; Tang, P.; Kang, J.; Uchida, K.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)


            This article shows experimentally that an external electric field affects the velocity of the longitudinal acoustic phonons (
            v
            LA
            ), thermal conductivity (κ), and diffusivity (
            D
            ) in a bulk lead zirconium titanate–based ferroelectric. Phonon conduction dominates κ, and the observations are due to changes in the phonon dispersion, not in the phonon scattering. This gives insight into the nature of the thermal fluctuations
Toward highly effective loading of DNA in hydrogels for high-density and long-term information storage
Authors: Fei, Z.; Gupta, N.; Li, M.; Xiao, P.; Hu, X.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)


            Digital information, when converted into a DNA sequence, provides dense, stable, energy-efficient, and sustainable data storage. The most stable method for encapsulating DNA has been in an inorganic matrix of silica, iron oxide, or both, but are limited by low DNA uptake and complex recovery techniques. This study investigated a rationally designed thermally responsive functionally graded (TRFG) hydrogel as a simple and cost-effective method for storing DNA. The TRFG hydrogel shows
Organic carbon generation in 3.5-billion-year-old basalt-hosted seafloor hydrothermal vent systems
Authors: Rasmussen, B.; Muhling, J.
Journal: Science Advances (2023)

Carbon is the key element of life, and its origin in ancient sedimentary rocks is central to questions about the emergence and early evolution of life. The oldest well-preserved carbon occurs with fossil-like structures in 3.5-billion-year-old black chert. The carbonaceous matter, which is associated with hydrothermal chert-barite vent systems originating in underlying basaltic-komatiitic lavas, is thought to be derived from microbial life. Here, we show that 3.5-billion-year-old black chert vei
An all-Africa dataset of energy model “supply regions” for solar photovoltaic and wind power
Authors: Sterl, S.; Hussain, B.; Miketa, A.; Li, Y.; Merven, B.
Journal: Scientific Data (2022)

AbstractWith solar and wind power generation reaching unprecedented growth rates globally, much research effort has recently gone into a comprehensive mapping of the worldwide potential of these variable renewable electricity (VRE) sources. From a perspective of energy systems analysis, the locations with the strongest resources may not necessarily be the best candidates for investment in new power plants, since the distance from existing grid and road infrastructures and the temporal variabilit
A long-term reconstructed TROPOMI solar-induced fluorescence dataset using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Chen, X.; Huang, Y.; Nie, C.; Zhang, S.; Wang, G.
Journal: Scientific Data (2022)

AbstractPhotosynthesis is a key process linking carbon and water cycles, and satellite-retrieved solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence (SIF) can be a valuable proxy for photosynthesis. The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) on the Copernicus Sentinel-5P mission enables significant improvements in providing high spatial and temporal resolution SIF observations, but the short temporal coverage of the data records has limited its applications in long-term studies. This study uses machine
An Artificial Intelligence Dataset for Solar Energy Locations in India
Authors: Ortiz, A.; Negandhi, D.; Mysorekar, S.; Nagaraju, S.; Kiesecker, J.
Journal: Scientific Data (2022)

AbstractRapid development of renewable energy sources, particularly solar photovoltaics (PV), is critical to mitigate climate change. As a result, India has set ambitious goals to install 500 gigawatts of solar energy capacity by 2030. Given the large footprint projected to meet renewables energy targets, the potential for land use conflicts over environmental values is high. To expedite development of solar energy, land use planners will need access to up-to-date and accurate geo-spatial inform
A three-year dataset supporting research on building energy management and occupancy analytics
Authors: Luo, N.; Wang, Z.; Blum, D.; Weyandt, C.; Bourassa, N.
Journal: Scientific Data (2022)

AbstractThis paper presents the curation of a monitored dataset from an office building constructed in 2015 in Berkeley, California. The dataset includes whole-building and end-use energy consumption, HVAC system operating conditions, indoor and outdoor environmental parameters, as well as occupant counts. The data were collected during a period of three years from more than 300 sensors and meters on two office floors (each 2,325 m2) of the building. A three-step data curation strategy is applie
A high spatial resolution dataset for anthropogenic atmospheric mercury emissions in China during 1998–2014
Authors: Chang, W.; Zhong, Q.; Liang, S.; Qi, J.; Jetashree, .
Journal: Scientific Data (2022)

AbstractChina is the largest atmospheric mercury (Hg) emitter globally, which has been substantially investigated. However, the estimation of national or regional Hg emissions in China is insufficient in supporting emission control, as the location of the sources may have significant impacts on the effects of Hg emissions. In this concern, high-spatial-resolution datasets of China’s Hg emissions are necessary for in-depth and accurate Hg-related studies and policymaking. Existing gridded dataset
Solar and wind power data from the Chinese State Grid Renewable Energy Generation Forecasting Competition
Authors: Chen, Y.; Xu, J.
Journal: Scientific Data (2022)

AbstractAccurate solar and wind generation forecasting along with high renewable energy penetration in power grids throughout the world are crucial to the days-ahead power scheduling of energy systems. It is difficult to precisely forecast on-site power generation due to the intermittency and fluctuation characteristics of solar and wind energy. Solar and wind generation data from on-site sources are beneficial for the development of data-driven forecasting models. In this paper, an open dataset
U.S. national water and energy land dataset for integrated multisector dynamics research
Authors: Sturtevant, J.; McManamay, R.; DeRolph, C.
Journal: Scientific Data (2022)

AbstractUnderstanding resource demands and tradeoffs among energy, water, and land socioeconomic sectors requires an explicit consideration of spatial scale. However, incorporation of land dynamics within the energy-water nexus has been limited due inconsistent spatial units of observation from disparate data sources. Herein we describe the development of a National Water and Energy Land Dataset (NWELD) for the conterminous United States. NWELD is a 30-m, 86-layer rasterized dataset depicting th