UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Jacksonville,_Florida

During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, Jacksonville and nearby St. Augustine became popular winter resorts for the rich and famous. Visitors arrived by steamboat and later by railroad. President Grover Cleveland attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition in the city on February 22, 1888 during his trip to Florida. This highlighted the visibility of the state as a worthy place for tourism. The city's tourism, however, was dealt major blows in the late 19th century by yellow fever outbreaks. In addition, extension of the Florida East Coast Railway further south drew visitors to other areas. From 1893 to 1938 Jacksonville was the site of the Florida Old Confederate Soldiers and Sailors Home with a nearby cemetery.

Question: What was going on in north Florida following the civil war?
Answer: Jacksonville and nearby St. Augustine became popular winter resorts for the rich and famous

Question: How did the president boost tourism in Florida?
Answer: attended the Sub-Tropical Exposition

Question: Where was the Sub--Tropical Exposition held?
Answer: Jacksonville

Question: Where were many confederate veterans laid to rest?
Answer: Jacksonville
Jacksonville,_Florida

Like much of the south Atlantic region of the United States, Jacksonville has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cfa), with mild weather during winters and hot and humid weather during summers. Seasonal rainfall is concentrated in the warmest months from May through September, while the driest months are from November through April. Due to Jacksonville's low latitude and coastal location, the city sees very little cold weather, and winters are typically mild and sunny. Summers can be hot and wet, and summer thunderstorms with torrential but brief downpours are common.

Question: Jacksonville's climate is typical of what area?
Answer: much of the south Atlantic region of the United States

Question: How would you describe the downpours of Jacksonville?
Answer: torrential but brief

Question: When will rainy weather typically end in Jacksonville?
Answer: September

Question: If you want to see a torrential downpour should you visit in the summer or the winter?
Answer: Summers

Question: Low latitude is a cause of what?
Answer: very little cold weather, and winters are typically mild and sunny

Question: What is winter like in Jacksonville?
Answer: mild

Question: If you want to stay dry should you visit in November or May?
Answer: November

Question: Jacksonville is located where?
Answer: United States

Question: What is summer like in Jacksonville?
Answer: hot and humid
Jacksonville,_Florida

Jacksonville is the most populous city in Florida, and the twelfth most populous city in the United States. As of 2010[update], there were 821,784 people and 366,273 households in the city. Jacksonville has the country's tenth-largest Arab population, with a total population of 5,751 according to the 2000 United States Census. Jacksonville has Florida's largest Filipino American community, with 25,033 in the metropolitan area as of the 2010 Census. Much of Jacksonville's Filipino community served in or has ties to the United States Navy.

Question: What connects Jacksonville's Filipino residents to the United States government?
Answer: Much of Jacksonville's Filipino community served in or has ties to the United States Navy
Jacksonville,_Florida

French Huguenot explorer Jean Ribault charted the St. Johns River in 1562 calling it the River of May because he discovered it in May. Ribault erected a stone column near present-day Jacksonville claiming the newly discovered land for France. In 1564, René Goulaine de Laudonnière established the first European settlement, Fort Caroline, on the St. Johns near the main village of the Saturiwa. Philip II of Spain ordered Pedro Menéndez de Avilés to protect the interest of Spain by attacking the French presence at Fort Caroline. On September 20, 1565, a Spanish force from the nearby Spanish settlement of St. Augustine attacked Fort Caroline, and killed nearly all the French soldiers defending it. The Spanish renamed the fort San Mateo, and following the ejection of the French, St. Augustine's position as the most important settlement in Florida was solidified. The location of Fort Caroline is subject to debate but a reconstruction of the fort was established on the St. Johns River in 1964.

Question: Where was the first European settlement established?
Answer: St. Johns
Amazon_rainforest

To accurately map the Amazon's biomass and subsequent carbon related emissions, the classification of tree growth stages within different parts of the forest is crucial. In 2006 Tatiana Kuplich organized the trees of the Amazon into four categories: (1) mature forest, (2) regenerating forest [less than three years], (3) regenerating forest [between three and five years of regrowth], and (4) regenerating forest [eleven to eighteen years of continued development]. The researcher used a combination of Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and Thematic Mapper (TM) to accurately place the different portions of the Amazon into one of the four classifications.

Question: What is TM used for?
Answer: to accurately place the different portions of the Amazon into one of the four classifications

Question: What is the lowest number of years that qualifies land for the oldest category of regenerating forest?
Answer: eleven

Question: What category does a tree with four years of regrowth fit into?
Answer: 3

Question: What is the highest number of years that land can be regenerating before it leaves category 3?
Answer: five

Question: Which category contains a tree that has been growing for 15 years?
Answer: 4

Question: Which category contains a 2 year old tree?
Answer: 2

Question: What is SAR used for?
Answer: to accurately place the different portions of the Amazon into one of the four classifications
Amazon_rainforest

Following the Cretaceous–Paleogene extinction event, the extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate may have allowed the tropical rainforest to spread out across the continent. From 66–34 Mya, the rainforest extended as far south as 45°. Climate fluctuations during the last 34 million years have allowed savanna regions to expand into the tropics. During the Oligocene, for example, the rainforest spanned a relatively narrow band. It expanded again during the Middle Miocene, then retracted to a mostly inland formation at the last glacial maximum. However, the rainforest still managed to thrive during these glacial periods, allowing for the survival and evolution of a broad diversity of species.

Question: The rainforest is described as growing after the Cretaceous-Paleogene extinction event, specifically during what time period?
Answer: 66–34 Mya

Question: What might have been the reasons why the rainforest was able to extend so far south after the extinction event?
Answer: extinction of the dinosaurs and the wetter climate

Question: During what time period did the savanna and tropical biomes start to collide?
Answer: last 34 million years

Question: Which era came later, Cretaceous or Paleogene?
Answer: Paleogene

Question: What was the main reason that the rainforest biome stopped spreading out and became a relatively narrow band?
Answer: Climate fluctuations

Question: Which environment has more precipitation, the rainforest or the savanna?
Answer: rainforest

Question: According to the article, what kind of biome allowed for the growth and diversification of a lot of different types of creatures?
Answer: rainforest

Question: Which region expanded first, the rainforest or the savanna?
Answer: rainforest
Amazon_rainforest

There is evidence that there have been significant changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over the last 21,000 years through the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and subsequent deglaciation. Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan indicate that rainfall in the basin during the LGM was lower than for the present, and this was almost certainly associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin. There is debate, however, over how extensive this reduction was. Some scientists argue that the rainforest was reduced to small, isolated refugia separated by open forest and grassland; other scientists argue that the rainforest remained largely intact but extended less far to the north, south, and east than is seen today. This debate has proved difficult to resolve because the practical limitations of working in the rainforest mean that data sampling is biased away from the center of the Amazon basin, and both explanations are reasonably well supported by the available data.

Question: What environmental changes in the southern hemisphere were cause by glaciers
Answer: changes in Amazon rainforest vegetation over

Question: What took place after LGM?
Answer: deglaciation

Question: Reduced rainfall, which is associated with reduced moist tropical vegetation cover in the basin, took place where?
Answer: in the basin

Question: What kind of research shows that rainfall was lower than the present?
Answer: Analyses of sediment deposits from Amazon basin paleolakes and from the Amazon Fan

Question: What do the accounts of the scientists have in common, even if they are in disagreement?
Answer: reasonably well supported by the available data

Question: Who debate the reduction of moist tropical vegetation?
Answer: scientists

Question: There is not a scientific concensus due to __
Answer: practical limitations of working in the rainforest

Question: Where is the amount of moist vegetation in older forest measured?
Answer: paleolakes

Question: After deglaciation, __ does not state definitively where the rainforest covered.
Answer: data

Question: No one knows whether there were islands of vegetation because of
Answer: the practical limitations of working in the rainforest
Amazon_rainforest

NASA's CALIPSO satellite has measured the amount of dust transported by wind from the Sahara to the Amazon: an average 182 million tons of dust are windblown out of the Sahara each year, at 15 degrees west longitude, across 1,600 miles (2,600 km) over the Atlantic Ocean (some dust falls into the Atlantic), then at 35 degrees West longitude at the eastern coast of South America, 27.7 million tons (15%) of dust fall over the Amazon basin, 132 million tons of dust remain in the air, 43 million tons of dust are windblown and falls on the Caribbean Sea, past 75 degrees west longitude.

Question: Air that moves is?
Answer: wind

Question: What are gets less dust from the Sahara than the Caribbean?
Answer: Amazon basin

Question: What moves via air?
Answer: dust
Amazon_rainforest

The use of remote sensing for the conservation of the Amazon is also being used by the indigenous tribes of the basin to protect their tribal lands from commercial interests. Using handheld GPS devices and programs like Google Earth, members of the Trio Tribe, who live in the rainforests of southern Suriname, map out their ancestral lands to help strengthen their territorial claims. Currently, most tribes in the Amazon do not have clearly defined boundaries, making it easier for commercial ventures to target their territories.

Question: Why are tribes protecting their lands?
Answer: from commercial interests

Question: WHo wants to strengthen territorial claims
Answer: Trio Tribe
Amazon_rainforest

The first European to travel the length of the Amazon River was Francisco de Orellana in 1542. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presents evidence that Orellana, rather than exaggerating his claims as previously thought, was correct in his observations that a complex civilization was flourishing along the Amazon in the 1540s. It is believed that the civilization was later devastated by the spread of diseases from Europe, such as smallpox. Since the 1970s, numerous geoglyphs have been discovered on deforested land dating between AD 0–1250, furthering claims about Pre-Columbian civilizations. Ondemar Dias is accredited with first discovering the geoglyphs in 1977 and Alceu Ranzi with furthering their discovery after flying over Acre. The BBC's Unnatural Histories presented evidence that the Amazon rainforest, rather than being a pristine wilderness, has been shaped by man for at least 11,000 years through practices such as forest gardening and terra preta.

Question: What media outlet was instrumental in furthering research about the Amazon?
Answer: BBC

Question: What may have killed this pre-columbian civilization?
Answer: diseases from Europe

Question: When Orellana came back from South America, what did people think about the news he brought?
Answer: exaggerating his claims

Question: What channel claimed that there had once been a civilization in the Amazon rainforest?
Answer: BBC
Amazon_rainforest

Between 1991 and 2000, the total area of forest lost in the Amazon rose from 415,000 to 587,000 square kilometres (160,000 to 227,000 sq mi), with most of the lost forest becoming pasture for cattle. Seventy percent of formerly forested land in the Amazon, and 91% of land deforested since 1970, is used for livestock pasture. Currently, Brazil is the second-largest global producer of soybeans after the United States. New research however, conducted by Leydimere Oliveira et al., has shown that the more rainforest is logged in the Amazon, the less precipitation reaches the area and so the lower the yield per hectare becomes. So despite the popular perception, there has been no economical advantage for Brazil from logging rainforest zones and converting these to pastoral fields.

Question: How is the rain forest cleared?
Answer: logging

Question: Of the two countries that produce soybeans, which country is clearing rain forest in order to increase production?
Answer: Brazil

Question: What consumer product are the rain forests cleared for?
Answer: soybeans

Question: Livestock pasture accounts for what amount of deforested Amazonian land?
Answer: Seventy percent
Amazon_rainforest

During the mid-Eocene, it is believed that the drainage basin of the Amazon was split along the middle of the continent by the Purus Arch. Water on the eastern side flowed toward the Atlantic, while to the west water flowed toward the Pacific across the Amazonas Basin. As the Andes Mountains rose, however, a large basin was created that enclosed a lake; now known as the Solimões Basin. Within the last 5–10 million years, this accumulating water broke through the Purus Arch, joining the easterly flow toward the Atlantic.

Question: The Pacific has?
Answer: water

Question: The water that didnt flow to the Atlantic wound up where?
Answer: Pacific

Question: The Atlantic has?
Answer: Water

Question: what caused the large basin was formed?
Answer: Andes Mountains rose
Amazon_rainforest

In 2010 the Amazon rainforest experienced another severe drought, in some ways more extreme than the 2005 drought. The affected region was approximate 1,160,000 square miles (3,000,000 km2) of rainforest, compared to 734,000 square miles (1,900,000 km2) in 2005. The 2010 drought had three epicenters where vegetation died off, whereas in 2005 the drought was focused on the southwestern part. The findings were published in the journal Science. In a typical year the Amazon absorbs 1.5 gigatons of carbon dioxide; during 2005 instead 5 gigatons were released and in 2010 8 gigatons were released.

Question: What happened to carbon dioxide during droughts?
Answer: released

Question: What is 1160000 square miles in square kilometers?
Answer: 3,000,000

Question: What is 1900000 kilometers squared in miles squared?
Answer: 734,000

Question: What happened in 2010 and 2005?
Answer: drought
Amazon_rainforest

As indigenous territories continue to be destroyed by deforestation and ecocide, such as in the Peruvian Amazon indigenous peoples' rainforest communities continue to disappear, while others, like the Urarina continue to struggle to fight for their cultural survival and the fate of their forested territories. Meanwhile, the relationship between non-human primates in the subsistence and symbolism of indigenous lowland South American peoples has gained increased attention, as have ethno-biology and community-based conservation efforts.

Question: Which rainforest is diminishing in size?
Answer: the Peruvian Amazon

Question: Who did not immigrate?
Answer: indigenous peoples

Question: What did ethno-biology and community-based conservation efforts do?
Answer: gained increased attention

Question: What is disappearing?
Answer: forested territories

Question: Why do the Urarina struggle to fight for their cultural survival?
Answer: ecocide

Question: Why do the Peruvian Amazon rainforest communities continue to disappear?
Answer: deforestation
Kenya

Kenya won several medals during the Beijing Olympics, six gold, four silver and four bronze, making it Africa's most successful nation in the 2008 Olympics. New athletes gained attention, such as Pamela Jelimo, the women's 800m gold medalist who went ahead to win the IAAF Golden League jackpot, and Samuel Wanjiru who won the men's marathon. Retired Olympic and Commonwealth Games champion Kipchoge Keino helped usher in Kenya's ongoing distance dynasty in the 1970s and was followed by Commonwealth Champion Henry Rono's spectacular string of world record performances. Lately, there has been controversy in Kenyan athletics circles, with the defection of a number of Kenyan athletes to represent other countries, chiefly Bahrain and Qatar. The Kenyan Ministry of Sports has tried to stop the defections, but they have continued anyway, with Bernard Lagat the latest, choosing to represent the United States. Most of these defections occur because of economic or financial factors. Some elite Kenyan runners who cannot qualify for their country's strong national team find it easier to qualify by running for other countries.[citation needed]

Question: what did Kipchoge Keino create a distance dynasty in?
Answer: Olympic and Commonwealth Games

Question: Which medals did Kenya win the most of in the Beijing Olympics, gold, silver, or bronze?
Answer: gold

Question: Some Kenyan athlethes decide to compete for other countries when participating in the Olympics, such as the island of?
Answer: Bahrain

Question: Some athlethes join other olympic teams from countries they are able to qualify for, but a great majority due so for what reason?
Answer: economic or financial factors

Question: Did Kenya win more gold or silver medals in the Beijing Olympics?
Answer: gold

Question: Did Kenya win more gold or bronze medals in the Beijing Olympics?
Answer: gold

Question: How many medals did Africa's most successful team win?
Answer: six gold, four silver and four bronze

Question: Who keeps stealing the Kenyan athletes?
Answer: Bahrain and Qatar

Question: A recent long distance runner that has chosen not to compete under their home country of Kenya was whom?
Answer: Bernard Lagat
Kenya

The "Big Five" game animals of Africa, that is the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant, can be found in Kenya and in the Masai Mara in particular. A significant population of other wild animals, reptiles and birds can be found in the national parks and game reserves in the country. The annual animal migration occurs between June and September with millions of animals taking part, attracting valuable foreign tourism. Two million wildebeest migrate a distance of 2,900 kilometres (1,802 mi) from the Serengeti in neighbouring Tanzania to the Masai Mara in Kenya, in a constant clockwise fashion, searching for food and water supplies. This Serengeti Migration of the wildebeest is a curious spectacle listed among the 10 Natural Wonders of Africa.

Question: Which is the biggest of the "Big Five" game animals of Africa?
Answer: elephant

Question: Aside from constantly being on the move, what else must the animals involved in the Serengeti Migration do while they are migrating?
Answer: searching for food and water supplies

Question: Where can you find a good concentration of the Big Five?
Answer: in the Masai Mara

Question: Where specifically can the "Big Five" game animals of Africa be found?
Answer: Masai Mara

Question: When does migration end?
Answer: September

Question: The annual animal migration in Africa takes place for approximately four months, starting when?
Answer: June

Question: What animals attract tourists but are not part of the big five?
Answer: wildebeest

Question: What is the more significant prey among hunters, leopard or reptiles?
Answer: leopard

Question: In addition to the "Big Five' game animals of Africa, what other types of creatures would you expect to find if you were a tourist in Kenya?
Answer: wild animals, reptiles and birds

Question: Which are the most sought after animals to hunt?
Answer: the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant

Question: Who is included in the "Big Five"?
Answer: the lion, leopard, buffalo, rhinoceros, and elephant

Question: How does the annual animal migration help the area financially?
Answer: attracting valuable foreign tourism

Question: Which unit is a shorter distance between miles and kilometers?
Answer: kilometres

Question: What is the more significant prey among hunters, lion or birds?
Answer: lion
Kenya

A constitutional change was considered that would eliminate the position of Prime Minister and simultaneously reduce the powers of the President. A referendum to vote on the proposed constitution was held on 4 August 2010, and the new constitution passed by a wide margin. Among other things, the new constitution delegates more power to local governments and gives Kenyans a bill of rights. It was promulgated on 27 August 2010 at a euphoric ceremony in Nairobi's Uhuru Park, accompanied by a 21-gun salute. The event was attended by various African leaders and praised by the international community. As of that day, the new constitution heralding the Second Republic came into force.

Question: With relation to the divergence from the previous set of governmental guidelines, what was the general take of those on the globe who were not directly affected?
Answer: praised

Question: Who was affected by this constitution?
Answer: Kenyans

Question: What was the main focus, in relation to the head of cabinet of Kenya of a radical divergence from the previous set of guidelines for a country that was bounced off the legislators in Kenya?
Answer: eliminate the position of Prime Minister

Question: How can we know that the proposal to make a radical divergence from the previous set of guidelines was a popular one?
Answer: the new constitution passed by a wide margin

Question: The positions were protected by the what?
Answer: constitution

Question: What in the radical divergence from the previous set of guidelines that was instituted in the summer of 2010 seeks to redress injustices?
Answer: bill of rights

Question: This is a what country?
Answer: African