UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Genghis_Khan

In another incident, around 1177, he was captured in a raid and held prisoner by his father's former allies, the Tayichi'ud. The Tayichi'ud enslaved Temüjin (reportedly with a cangue, a sort of portable stocks), but with the help of a sympathetic guard, the father of Chilaun (who later became a general of Genghis Khan), he was able to escape from the ger (yurt) in the middle of the night by hiding in a river crevice.[citation needed] It was around this time that Jelme and Bo'orchu, two of Genghis Khan's future generals, joined forces with him. Temüjin's reputation also became widespread after his escape from the Tayichi'ud.

Question: Who was the father of Chilaun?
Answer: a sympathetic guard
Genghis_Khan

Genghis Khan, the title is spelled in variety of ways in different languages such as Mongolian Chinggis Khaan, English Chinghiz, Chinghis, and Chingiz, Chinese: 成吉思汗; pinyin: Chéngjísī Hán, Turkic: Cengiz Han, Çingiz Xan, Çingiz Han, Chingizxon, Çıñğız Xan, Chengez Khan, Chinggis Khan, Chinggis Xaan, Chingis Khan, Jenghis Khan, Chinggis Qan, Djingis Kahn, Russian: Чингисхан (Čingiskhan) or Чингиз-хан (Čingiz-khan), etc. Temüjin is written in Chinese as simplified Chinese: 铁木真; traditional Chinese: 鐵木眞; pinyin: Tiěmùzhēn.

Question: In English, this title is?
Answer: Chinghiz, Chinghis, and Chingiz

Question: In Turkic, this name can be represented as?
Answer: Cengiz Han, Çingiz Xan, Çingiz Han, Chingizxon, Çıñğız Xan, Chengez Khan, Chinggis Khan, Chinggis Xaan, Chingis Khan, Jenghis Khan, Chinggis Qan, Djingis Kahn

Question: The three forms of Chinese expresion are?
Answer: simplified Chinese: 铁木真; traditional Chinese: 鐵木眞; pinyin: Tiěmùzhēn
Genghis_Khan

In Mongolia today, Genghis Khan's name and likeness are endorsed on products, streets, buildings, and other places. His face can be found on everyday commodities, from liquor bottles to candy products, and on the largest denominations of 500, 1,000, 5,000, 10,000, and 20,000 Mongolian tögrög (₮). Mongolia's main international airport in Ulaanbaatar is named Chinggis Khaan International Airport. Major Genghis Khan statues have been erected before the parliament and near Ulaanbaatar. There have been repeated discussions about regulating the use of his name and image to avoid trivialization.

Question: What is the middle value togrog note?
Answer: 5,000

Question: What is the second highest value togrog note featuring Genghis Khan?
Answer: 10,000

Question: What is the lowest value togrog note featuring Genghis Khan?
Answer: 500

Question: What does Mongolia want to do about Genghis Khan's name and face being so widespread?
Answer: regulating the use of his name and image to avoid trivialization

Question: On what consumable products might you see an image of Genghis Khan?
Answer: liquor bottles to candy products

Question: What is Khan's first name?
Answer: Genghis
Genghis_Khan

He came to power by uniting many of the nomadic tribes of Northeast Asia. After founding the Mongol Empire and being proclaimed "Genghis Khan", he started the Mongol invasions that resulted in the conquest of most of Eurasia. These included raids or invasions of the Qara Khitai, Caucasus, Khwarezmid Empire, Western Xia and Jin dynasties. These campaigns were often accompanied by wholesale massacres of the civilian populations – especially in the Khwarezmian and Xia controlled lands. By the end of his life, the Mongol Empire occupied a substantial portion of Central Asia and China.

Question: What was almost completely aquired?
Answer: Eurasia

Question: What were the war campaigns of Genghis Khan like?
Answer: wholesale massacres of the civilian populations

Question: What began after the proclamation of Genghis Khan?
Answer: conquest of most of Eurasia

Question: What first led to the rise of Khan?
Answer: uniting many of the nomadic tribes

Question: What regions were largely controlled by Genghis Khan?
Answer: Central Asia and China

Question: What were the Qara Khitai, Caucasus, Khwarezmid Empire, Western Xia and Jin dynasties part of?
Answer: Eurasia
Genghis_Khan

The Mongol military was also successful in siege warfare, cutting off resources for cities and towns by diverting certain rivers, taking enemy prisoners and driving them in front of the army, and adopting new ideas, techniques and tools from the people they conquered, particularly in employing Muslim and Chinese siege engines and engineers to aid the Mongol cavalry in capturing cities. Another standard tactic of the Mongol military was the commonly practiced feigned retreat to break enemy formations and to lure small enemy groups away from the larger group and defended position for ambush and counterattack.

Question: Prisoners were often of what culture?
Answer: Muslim and Chinese

Question: What did the Mongols gain from sneaky war methods?
Answer: break enemy formations and to lure small enemy groups away from the larger group and defended position for ambush and counterattack
Economic_inequality

A job where there are many workers willing to work a large amount of time (high supply) competing for a job that few require (low demand) will result in a low wage for that job. This is because competition between workers drives down the wage. An example of this would be jobs such as dish-washing or customer service. Competition amongst workers tends to drive down wages due to the expendable nature of the worker in relation to his or her particular job. A job where there are few able or willing workers (low supply), but a large need for the positions (high demand), will result in high wages for that job. This is because competition between employers for employees will drive up the wage. Examples of this would include jobs that require highly developed skills, rare abilities, or a high level of risk. Competition amongst employers tends to drive up wages due to the nature of the job, since there is a relative shortage of workers for the particular position. Professional and labor organizations may limit the supply of workers which results in higher demand and greater incomes for members. Members may also receive higher wages through collective bargaining, political influence, or corruption.

Question: If a lot of people want a job, what direction does pay go?
Answer: down

Question: If there are many jobs competing for people to work them, what direction will pay go?
Answer: up

Question: what will happen to wages when there are few workers and a lot of jobs?
Answer: high wages

Question: People who belong to what, get more pay because of politics?
Answer: Professional and labor organizations

Question: when there are a lot of workers and few jobs what happens to wages?
Answer: low wage
Economic_inequality

2013 Economics Nobel prize winner Robert J. Shiller said that rising inequality in the United States and elsewhere is the most important problem. Increasing inequality harms economic growth. High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth. Unemployment can harm growth not only because it is a waste of resources, but also because it generates redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem promoting social dislocation, unrest and conflict. Policies aiming at controlling unemployment and in particular at reducing its inequality-associated effects support economic growth.

Question: What is one way that rising inequality can be mitigated?
Answer: controlling unemployment

Question: How would inequality be classed as a social issue according to Robert Schiller?
Answer: the most important problem

Question: What occurs to unemployment in an economic system as more and more inequality is introduced?
Answer: increases

Question: How do thoughts of ownership change when unemployment occurs?
Answer: generates redistributive pressures

Question: what can help improve the economy?
Answer: Policies aiming at controlling unemployment and in particular at reducing its inequality-associated effects

Question: what did the person who said that unemployment is a waste of resources say is the base cause of unemployment which drives people to poverty?
Answer: rising inequality

Question: What were they trying to reduce?
Answer: inequality

Question: what can harm upward labor mobility?
Answer: Unemployment

Question: What did the policies do?
Answer: reducing its inequality-associated effects support economic growth

Question: What directs people to poverty?
Answer: Unemployment

Question: Giving more to what is more harm for our economy?
Answer: inequality
Economic_inequality

Research by Harvard economist Robert Barro, found that there is "little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment". According to work by Barro in 1999 and 2000, high levels of inequality reduce growth in relatively poor countries but encourage growth in richer countries. A study of Swedish counties between 1960 and 2000 found a positive impact of inequality on growth with lead times of five years or less, but no correlation after ten years. Studies of larger data sets have found no correlations for any fixed lead time, and a negative impact on the duration of growth.

Question: How much does income inequality effect he growth of a country?
Answer: little overall relation

Question: What was the rate of growth and investment in poor countries?
Answer: reduce growth

Question: What qualifications allows Barro's research to be trusted?
Answer: Harvard economist

Question: What is likely the most reliable information among the different studies of inequality?
Answer: Studies of larger data sets

Question: What did Barro find in his research on inequality?
Answer: little overall relation between income inequality and rates of growth and investment
Economic_inequality

Central Banking economist Raghuram Rajan argues that "systematic economic inequalities, within the United States and around the world, have created deep financial 'fault lines' that have made [financial] crises more likely to happen than in the past" – the Financial crisis of 2007–08 being the most recent example. To compensate for stagnating and declining purchasing power, political pressure has developed to extend easier credit to the lower and middle income earners – particularly to buy homes – and easier credit in general to keep unemployment rates low. This has given the American economy a tendency to go "from bubble to bubble" fueled by unsustainable monetary stimulation.

Question: What was the first year of the financial crisis?
Answer: 2007

Question: What is extending easier credit an example of?
Answer: monetary stimulation

Question: Why does Rajan say the American economy is unstable?
Answer: systematic economic inequalities

Question: What was getting worse before the policies were enacted that led to the financial crisis?
Answer: purchasing power

Question: What is a metaphor used to describe the American economy?
Answer: bubble
Economic_inequality

For most of human history higher material living standards – full stomachs, access to clean water and warmth from fuel – led to better health and longer lives. This pattern of higher incomes-longer lives still holds among poorer countries, where life expectancy increases rapidly as per capita income increases, but in recent decades it has slowed down among middle income countries and plateaued among the richest thirty or so countries in the world. Americans live no longer on average (about 77 years in 2004) than Greeks (78 years) or New Zealanders (78), though the USA has a higher GDP per capita. Life expectancy in Sweden (80 years) and Japan (82) – where income was more equally distributed – was longer.

Question: Who was the highest life expectancy?
Answer: Japan

Question: For what period of time does the pattern higher incomes-longer lives holds true?
Answer: most of human history

Question: Who has lower life expectancy, the United States or Sweden?
Answer: USA

Question: What kept humans from getting too cold?
Answer: fuel

Question: What two countries does USA have a lower life expectancy than by one year?
Answer: Greeks (78 years) or New Zealanders (78)

Question: What country has the lowest life expectancy rate out of all the countries listed?
Answer: USA

Question: Who has the same life expectancy?
Answer: Greeks (78 years) or New Zealanders (78)

Question: If life expectancy has not slowed down and has not plateaued, what group of countries are we talking about?
Answer: poorer countries

Question: Which country mentioned in the text has the smallest average in years?
Answer: USA

Question: What country does the USA have a 5 year lower life expectancy rate than?
Answer: Japan (82)

Question: Which country mentioned has the lowest life expectancy rate?
Answer: Americans

Question: Where is the highest life expectancy from all the countries mentioned in the text?
Answer: Japan

Question: What is the highest life expectancy in years that is mentioned in the text?
Answer: 82
Economic_inequality

Studies on income inequality and growth have sometimes found evidence confirming the Kuznets curve hypothesis, which states that with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases. Economist Thomas Piketty challenges this notion, claiming that from 1914 to 1945 wars and "violent economic and political shocks" reduced inequality. Moreover, Piketty argues that the "magical" Kuznets curve hypothesis, with its emphasis on the balancing of economic growth in the long run, cannot account for the significant increase in economic inequality throughout the developed world since the 1970s.

Question: What refutes the accepted idea?
Answer: increase in economic inequality throughout the developed world since the 1970s

Question: What is said to be unreasonable?
Answer: Kuznets curve hypothesis

Question: As economic inequality has increased, what idea found within the Kuznets curve hypothesis has come under doubt?
Answer: with economic development, inequality first increases, then decreases

Question: What gets worse before better?
Answer: development, inequality
Economic_inequality

According to economists David Castells-Quintana and Vicente Royuela, increasing inequality harms economic growth. High and persistent unemployment, in which inequality increases, has a negative effect on subsequent long-run economic growth. Unemployment can harm growth not only because it is a waste of resources, but also because it generates redistributive pressures and subsequent distortions, drives people to poverty, constrains liquidity limiting labor mobility, and erodes self-esteem promoting social dislocation, unrest and conflict. Policies aiming at controlling unemployment and in particular at reducing its inequality-associated effects support economic growth.

Question: What can help growth that deals with unemployment?
Answer: Policies aiming at controlling unemployment

Question: What promotes unrest?
Answer: Unemployment

Question: What can unemployment to do people that would affect how they see themselves?
Answer: erodes self-esteem

Question: What promotes conflict?
Answer: Unemployment

Question: How can unemployment harm growth in regards to people?
Answer: drives people to poverty
Economic_inequality

According to PolitiFact the top 400 richest Americans "have more wealth than half of all Americans combined." According to the New York Times on July 22, 2014, the "richest 1 percent in the United States now own more wealth than the bottom 90 percent". Inherited wealth may help explain why many Americans who have become rich may have had a "substantial head start". In September 2012, according to the Institute for Policy Studies, "over 60 percent" of the Forbes richest 400 Americans "grew up in substantial privilege".

Question: To what financial proportion are the richest 400 Americans compared?
Answer: the bottom 90 percent

Question: How were 6/10 of the richest 400 Americans financially raised?
Answer: in substantial privilege

Question: What periodical reports the wealthiest Americans?
Answer: Forbes

Question: To what financial proportion do the richest 400 Americans belong?
Answer: the "richest 1 percent
Economic_inequality

Sociologist Jake Rosenfield of the University of Washington asserts that the decline of organized labor in the United States has played a more significant role in expanding the income gap than technological changes and globalization, which were also experienced by other industrialized nations that didn't experience steep surges in inequality. He points out that nations with high rates of unionization, particularly in Scandinavia, have very low levels of inequality, and concludes "the historical pattern is clear; the cross-national pattern is clear: high inequality goes hand-in-hand with weak labor movements and vice-versa."

Question: Rosenfield's affiliation is with a kind of?
Answer: University

Question: WHo did not experience steep surges in inequality?
Answer: Scandinavia

Question: What might have played a less significant role in the income gap?
Answer: technological changes and globalization

Question: What field of study is Jake Rosenfield in?
Answer: Sociologist

Question: Scandinavia and the U.S. are?
Answer: nations
Economic_inequality

Some theories developed in the 1970s established possible avenues through which inequality may have a positive effect on economic development. According to a 1955 review, savings by the wealthy, if these increase with inequality, were thought to offset reduced consumer demand. A 2013 report on Nigeria suggests that growth has risen with increased income inequality. Some theories popular from the 1950s to 2011 incorrectly stated that inequality had a positive effect on economic development. Analyses based on comparing yearly equality figures to yearly growth rates were misleading because it takes several years for effects to manifest as changes to economic growth. IMF economists found a strong association between lower levels of inequality in developing countries and sustained periods of economic growth. Developing countries with high inequality have "succeeded in initiating growth at high rates for a few years" but "longer growth spells are robustly associated with more equality in the income distribution."

Question: Growth is best when there is less?
Answer: inequality

Question: What is the profession of the individuals employed by the international financial organization mentioned here?
Answer: economists
Economic_inequality

Trade liberalization may shift economic inequality from a global to a domestic scale. When rich countries trade with poor countries, the low-skilled workers in the rich countries may see reduced wages as a result of the competition, while low-skilled workers in the poor countries may see increased wages. Trade economist Paul Krugman estimates that trade liberalisation has had a measurable effect on the rising inequality in the United States. He attributes this trend to increased trade with poor countries and the fragmentation of the means of production, resulting in low skilled jobs becoming more tradeable. However, he concedes that the effect of trade on inequality in America is minor when compared to other causes, such as technological innovation, a view shared by other experts. Empirical economists Max Roser and Jesus Crespo-Cuaresma find support in the data that international trade is increasing income inequality. They empirically confirm the predictions of the Stolper–Samuelson theorem regarding the effects of international trade on the distribution of incomes. Lawrence Katz estimates that trade has only accounted for 5-15% of rising income inequality. Robert Lawrence argues that technological innovation and automation has meant that low-skilled jobs have been replaced by machine labor in wealthier nations, and that wealthier countries no longer have significant numbers of low-skilled manufacturing workers that could be affected by competition from poor countries.

Question: What has helped to increase income inequality?
Answer: international trade

Question: Why do wealthier countries no longer have large number of low-skilled manufacturing workers?
Answer: low-skilled jobs have been replaced by machine labor

Question: Who provided a quantitative estimate of the effect of trade on inequality?
Answer: Lawrence Katz

Question: What accounts for 5-15% of rising income inequality?
Answer: trade

Question: What is the reason for rising inequality in the United States?
Answer: technological innovation

Question: What is the effect of trade inequality in America compared to other causes?
Answer: minor

Question: What is the Stolper-Samuelson theorem?
Answer: international trade is increasing income inequality

Question: How has trade changed low-skilled jobs?
Answer: becoming more tradeable

Question: Why is machine labor a concern?
Answer: low-skilled jobs have been replaced by machine labor
Economic_inequality

During the mass high school education movement from 1910–1940, there was an increase in skilled workers, which led to a decrease in the price of skilled labor. High school education during the period was designed to equip students with necessary skill sets to be able to perform at work. In fact, it differs from the present high school education, which is regarded as a stepping-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees. This decrease in wages caused a period of compression and decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers. Education is very important for the growth of the economy, however educational inequality in gender also influence towards the economy. Lagerlof and Galor stated that gender inequality in education can result to low economic growth, and continued gender inequality in education, thus creating a poverty trap. It is suggested that a large gap in male and female education may indicate backwardness and so may be associated with lower economic growth, which can explain why there is economic inequality between countries.

Question: What is education focused on now?
Answer: a stepping-stone to acquire college and advanced degrees

Question: What group of people suffers from inequality?
Answer: female

Question: What was education focused on during this time?
Answer: to equip students with necessary skill sets to be able to perform at work

Question: What could be the result of a large gap in male and female education?
Answer: lower economic growth

Question: Which did people generally not do earlier in history, before they started working?
Answer: acquire college and advanced degrees

Question: What resulted in decreased inequality between skilled and unskilled workers?
Answer: mass high school education movement

Question: Why did we have so many skilled workers between 1910 and 1940?
Answer: the mass high school education movement

Question: How did the mass high school education movement result in a decrease in wages which led to a period of compression?
Answer: there was an increase in skilled workers