UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Martin_Luther

At the time of the Marburg Colloquy, Suleiman the Magnificent was besieging Vienna with a vast Ottoman army. Luther had argued against resisting the Turks in his 1518 Explanation of the Ninety-five Theses, provoking accusations of defeatism. He saw the Turks as a scourge sent to punish Christians by God, as agents of the Biblical apocalypse that would destroy the antichrist, whom Luther believed to be the papacy, and the Roman Church. He consistently rejected the idea of a Holy War, "as though our people were an army of Christians against the Turks, who were enemies of Christ. This is absolutely contrary to Christ's doctrine and name". On the other hand, in keeping with his doctrine of the two kingdoms, Luther did support non-religious war against the Turks. In 1526, he argued in Whether Soldiers can be in a State of Grace that national defence is reason for a just war. By 1529, in On War against the Turk, he was actively urging Emperor Charles V and the German people to fight a secular war against the Turks. He made clear, however, that the spiritual war against an alien faith was separate, to be waged through prayer and repentance. Around the time of the Siege of Vienna, Luther wrote a prayer for national deliverance from the Turks, asking God to "give to our emperor perpetual victory over our enemies".

Question: What action did luther not support?
Answer: resisting the Turks

Question: How is Luther quoted as describing how others viewed the Turks?
Answer: enemies of Christ

Question: What work did Luther author that urged the creator to aid in the battle against the Turks?
Answer: a prayer for national deliverance

Question: What prayer did Luther offer?
Answer: national deliverance from the Turks, asking God to "give to our emperor perpetual victory over our enemies"

Question: What did Luther perceive to be the way to be victorious in a religious war?
Answer: through prayer and repentance

Question: For Luther, what would justify war?
Answer: national defence

Question: In what year had Luther not yet published Whether Soldiers can be in a State of Grace?
Answer: 1518

Question: Which Luther work regarding war came out a few years prior to the 1529 work?
Answer: Whether Soldiers can be in a State of Grace

Question: Which Luther work began Luther's delve into the arena of war with the Turks?
Answer: Explanation of the Ninety-five Theses
Martin_Luther

Luther made his pronouncements from Wartburg in the context of rapid developments at Wittenberg, of which he was kept fully informed. Andreas Karlstadt, supported by the ex-Augustinian Gabriel Zwilling, embarked on a radical programme of reform there in June 1521, exceeding anything envisaged by Luther. The reforms provoked disturbances, including a revolt by the Augustinian friars against their prior, the smashing of statues and images in churches, and denunciations of the magistracy. After secretly visiting Wittenberg in early December 1521, Luther wrote A Sincere Admonition by Martin Luther to All Christians to Guard Against Insurrection and Rebellion. Wittenberg became even more volatile after Christmas when a band of visionary zealots, the so-called Zwickau prophets, arrived, preaching revolutionary doctrines such as the equality of man, adult baptism, and Christ's imminent return. When the town council asked Luther to return, he decided it was his duty to act.

Question: Which of the following people never worked for the Augustinians, Gabriel Zwilling or Andres Karlstadt?
Answer: Andreas Karlstadt

Question: Whose teachings resulted in violence?
Answer: Karlstadt

Question: Who was more likely to urge restraint, Martin Luther or Andreas Karlstadt?
Answer: Martin Luther

Question: Where had Luther been staying?
Answer: Wartburg

Question: Where did Luther need to return from?
Answer: Wartburg

Question: Who was more radical, Gabriel Zwilling or Martin Luther?
Answer: Gabriel Zwilling
Martin_Luther

The negotiations were successfully concluded on 17 February 1546. After 8 a.m., he experienced chest pains. When he went to his bed, he prayed, "Into your hand I commit my spirit; you have redeemed me, O Lord, faithful God" (Ps. 31:5), the common prayer of the dying. At 1 a.m. he awoke with more chest pain and was warmed with hot towels. He thanked God for revealing his Son to him in whom he had believed. His companions, Justus Jonas and Michael Coelius, shouted loudly, "Reverend father, are you ready to die trusting in your Lord Jesus Christ and to confess the doctrine which you have taught in his name?" A distinct "Yes" was Luther's reply.

Question: What did Luther's answer to his companions as he was dying?
Answer: Yes

Question: What happened to the negotiations in February 17, 1546?
Answer: concluded

Question: Who did the prayers come from?
Answer: Luther

Question: Who did Luther pray to?
Answer: God

Question: Who was referred to as reverend father?
Answer: Luther

Question: What happened first, chest pains or warming with hot towels?
Answer: chest pains

Question: Which of the following was one of Luther's friends: Jesus Christ, or Michael Coelius?
Answer: Michael Coelius

Question: What did Luther teach?
Answer: doctrine
Martin_Luther

Since the 1980s, Lutheran Church denominations have repudiated Martin Luther's statements against the Jews and have rejected the use of them to incite hatred against Lutherans. Strommen et al.'s 1970 survey of 4,745 North American Lutherans aged 15–65 found that, compared to the other minority groups under consideration, Lutherans were the least prejudiced toward Jews. Nevertheless, Professor Richard (Dick) Geary, former Professor of Modern History at the University of Nottingham, England, and the author of Hitler and Nazism (Routledge 1993), wrote in the journal History Today an article on who voted for the Nazis in elections held from 1928-1933, where he claimed that from his research he found that the Nazis gained disproportionately more votes from Protestant than Catholic areas of Germany.

Question: Who voted for the Nazi party the least?
Answer: Catholic

Question: What did Geary do besides write?
Answer: Professor

Question: Which came later, the elections where people voted for Nazis or Strommen's survey?
Answer: Strommen et al.'s 1970 survey

Question: Which of the following is not a religious tradition: Protestant, Nazi, or Catholic?
Answer: Nazis

Question: What country did Geary's book cover?
Answer: Germany

Question: What didn't the Lutheran Church like?
Answer: Martin Luther's statements against the Jews

Question: Which came first, Strommen's survey of North American Lutherans or the repudiation of Martin Luther's statements about Jews?
Answer: Strommen et al.'s 1970 survey

Question: What did Geary write besides books?
Answer: article
Martin_Luther

Martin Luther (/ˈluːθər/ or /ˈluːðər/; German: [ˈmaɐ̯tiːn ˈlʊtɐ] ( listen); 10 November 1483 – 18 February 1546) was a German professor of theology, composer, priest, former monk and a seminal figure in the Protestant Reformation. Luther came to reject several teachings and practices of the Late Medieval Catholic Church. He strongly disputed the claim that freedom from God's punishment for sin could be purchased with money. He proposed an academic discussion of the power and usefulness of indulgences in his Ninety-Five Theses of 1517. His refusal to retract all of his writings at the demand of Pope Leo X in 1520 and the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V at the Diet of Worms in 1521 resulted in his excommunication by the Pope and condemnation as an outlaw by the Emperor.

Question: Who was the author of Diet of Worms?
Answer: Martin Luther

Question: What was Charles V nationality?
Answer: Roman

Question: What time period did Luther live?
Answer: Late Medieval

Question: Of all the positions Martin Luther had in his lifetime, which profession did he hold that is related to music?
Answer: composer

Question: It is commonly accepted that Martin Luther sparked the Protestant Reformation of the 16th century with his creation of which written work?
Answer: Ninety-Five Theses

Question: What year did Luther do something that he wrote down that was taboo at the time and then illegal?
Answer: 1517

Question: A branch of Protestatism, referred to as Lutheranism is thought to have began its formation in which year?
Answer: 1517

Question: Martin Luther was employed under what position for the Roman Catholic Church?
Answer: priest

Question: What was Luther's third mentioned line of work?
Answer: priest

Question: Living to an age of 62, Martin Luther lived an acomplished life where he challenged the thoughts and policies of the Roman Catholic Church, in what year did he pass away?
Answer: 1546

Question: What was Luther's first mentioned line of work?
Answer: professor of theology
Martin_Luther

Without Luther's backing for the uprising, many rebels laid down their weapons; others felt betrayed. Their defeat by the Swabian League at the Battle of Frankenhausen on 15 May 1525, followed by Müntzer's execution, brought the revolutionary stage of the Reformation to a close. Thereafter, radicalism found a refuge in the anabaptist movement and other religious movements, while Luther's Reformation flourished under the wing of the secular powers.

Question: What happened to rebels in May 1525?
Answer: Their defeat by the Swabian League

Question: without luther's backing
Answer: many rebels laid down their weapons

Question: What happened before the execution?
Answer: the Battle of Frankenhausen

Question: who lost the battle of frankenhausen
Answer: rebels

Question: Who didn't support the uprising?
Answer: Luther

Question: Who lost Frankenhausen?
Answer: rebels

Question: Why did the revolution end?
Answer: Müntzer's execution
Martin_Luther

His translation of the Bible into the vernacular (instead of Latin) made it more accessible, which had a tremendous impact on the church and German culture. It fostered the development of a standard version of the German language, added several principles to the art of translation, and influenced the writing of an English translation, the Tyndale Bible. His hymns influenced the development of singing in churches. His marriage to Katharina von Bora set a model for the practice of clerical marriage, allowing Protestant clergy to marry.

Question: What made the Tyndale Bible possible?
Answer: His translation of the Bible into the vernacular

Question: What was prohibited before Tyndale's marriage?
Answer: clerical marriage

Question: He translated the Bible into German from what?
Answer: Latin

Question: What language did he translate the Bible into: German or English?
Answer: German

Question: What was the effect of translation of the Bible into different languages?
Answer: tremendous impact on the church and German culture

Question: How did this person change the way that churches worship today?
Answer: hymns influenced the development of singing in churches

Question: What preceded the development of a standard version of the German language for the Bible?
Answer: translation of the Bible into the vernacular

Question: The translator held what profession?
Answer: clergy
Martin_Luther

Luther had published his German translation of the New Testament in 1522, and he and his collaborators completed the translation of the Old Testament in 1534, when the whole Bible was published. He continued to work on refining the translation until the end of his life. Others had translated the Bible into German, but Luther tailored his translation to his own doctrine. When he was criticised for inserting the word "alone" after "faith" in Romans 3:28, he replied in part: "[T]he text itself and the meaning of St. Paul urgently require and demand it. For in that very passage he is dealing with the main point of Christian doctrine, namely, that we are justified by faith in Christ without any works of the Law. ... But when works are so completely cut away – and that must mean that faith alone justifies – whoever would speak plainly and clearly about this cutting away of works will have to say, 'Faith alone justifies us, and not works'."

Question: Which of the following did Luther think was more important, faith or the Law?
Answer: faith

Question: Which person is not a saint, Paul or Luther?
Answer: Luther

Question: Which of the following words was not originally part of Romans 3:28: alone or faith?
Answer: alone

Question: How did Luther translate the New Testament?
Answer: tailored his translation to his own doctrine

Question: What doctrine was being called into question?
Answer: Christian
Martin_Luther

Despite the disagreements on the Eucharist, the Marburg Colloquy paved the way for the signing in 1530 of the Augsburg Confession, and for the formation of the Schmalkaldic League the following year by leading Protestant nobles such as John of Saxony, Philip of Hesse, and George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach. The Swiss cities, however, did not sign these agreements.

Question: What could have been a threat to the signatures being obtained?
Answer: disagreements on the Eucharist

Question: Who formed a league
Answer: by leading Protestant nobles such as John of Saxony, Philip of Hesse, and George, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach

Question: The Swiss cities did not agree with what?
Answer: the Augsburg Confession

Question: What happened in 1530
Answer: Augsburg Confession

Question: What did those effected have in common?
Answer: Protestant nobles

Question: What could not keep the Augsburg confession from being signed?
Answer: disagreements on the Eucharist
Martin_Luther

Martin Luther was born to Hans Luder (or Ludher, later Luther) and his wife Margarethe (née Lindemann) on 10 November 1483 in Eisleben, Saxony, then part of the Holy Roman Empire. He was baptized as a Catholic the next morning on the feast day of St. Martin of Tours. His family moved to Mansfeld in 1484, where his father was a leaseholder of copper mines and smelters and served as one of four citizen representatives on the local council. The religious scholar Martin Marty describes Luther's mother as a hard-working woman of "trading-class stock and middling means" and notes that Luther's enemies later wrongly described her as a whore and bath attendant. He had several brothers and sisters, and is known to have been close to one of them, Jacob. Hans Luther was ambitious for himself and his family, and he was determined to see Martin, his eldest son, become a lawyer. He sent Martin to Latin schools in Mansfeld, then Magdeburg in 1497, where he attended a school operated by a lay group called the Brethren of the Common Life, and Eisenach in 1498. The three schools focused on the so-called "trivium": grammar, rhetoric, and logic. Luther later compared his education there to purgatory and hell.

Question: Where was Martin in the order of children from Hans and Margarethe?
Answer: eldest

Question: What is significant about where Martin Luther was born?
Answer: then part of the Holy Roman Empire

Question: How many siblings was Martin Luther close to?
Answer: one

Question: What was Martin Luther's dad's original last name with an alternate spelling?
Answer: Ludher

Question: What two variations are mentioned regarding the spelling of Martin Luther's dads last name?
Answer: Ludher, later Luther)

Question: What was Martin Luther's dads called?
Answer: Hans Luder
Martin_Luther

It was not until January 1518 that friends of Luther translated the 95 Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied them, making the controversy one of the first in history to be aided by the printing press. Within two weeks, copies of the theses had spread throughout Germany; within two months, they had spread throughout Europe.

Question: In what language did Luther's friends write?
Answer: German

Question: What unit of time did it take for Luther's 95 Theses to reach all corners of the country it originated from?
Answer: two weeks

Question: How long did it take to get Luther'theses words to the Germans?
Answer: two weeks

Question: Which individuals in relation to the original author were responsibile for translating the 95 Theses from Latin into Germany?
Answer: friends

Question: An occurence is considered to be a long-standing disagreement or debate that is referred to as today as a what?
Answer: controversy

Question: How long did it take to get Luther's theses to the French?
Answer: two months

Question: What was the controversy of the printing press about?
Answer: 95 Theses from Latin into German and printed and widely copied

Question: How many spread into Europe?
Answer: 95

Question: The language that is the official language of the Roman Catholic Church is?
Answer: Latin

Question: Where did the worlds first printing press controversy happen?
Answer: Germany
Martin_Luther

Early in 1537, Johannes Agricola (1494–1566) – serving at the time as pastor in Luther's birthplace, Eisleben – preached a sermon in which he claimed that God's gospel, not God's moral law (the Ten Commandments), revealed God's wrath to Christians. Based on this sermon and others by Agricola, Luther suspected that Agricola was behind certain anonymous antinomian theses circulating in Wittenberg. These theses asserted that the law is no longer to be taught to Christians but belonged only to city hall. Luther responded to these theses with six series of theses against Agricola and the antinomians, four of which became the basis for disputations between 1538 and 1540. He also responded to these assertions in other writings, such as his 1539 open letter to C. Güttel Against the Antinomians, and his book On the Councils and the Church from the same year.

Question: Sermons are usually conducted in which kind of building?
Answer: Church

Question: The author of the 95 Theses was?
Answer: Luther

Question: The way blood moves through veins and arteries in the human body is referred to as?
Answer: circulating

Question: Talks regarding a religious and moral subject, during a church service is called?
Answer: sermon

Question: Luther was against Agricola, how did he express his ideas, other than the six theses?
Answer: his book On the Councils and the Church

Question: A name to call a clergyman that serves a local church is?
Answer: pastor
Martin_Luther

A piece of paper was later found on which Luther had written his last statement. The statement was in Latin, apart from "We are beggars," which was in German.

Question: What did Luther think?
Answer: We are beggars

Question: What did Luther do with the paper in Latin and German?
Answer: written his last statement

Question: What was not written in German?
Answer: his last statement

Question: What was the dead language in Luther's last statement?
Answer: Latin

Question: How did Luther convey his last words?
Answer: A piece of paper

Question: In what form of communication did Luther leave his last statement?
Answer: written

Question: What language did Luther speak?
Answer: German

Question: Where can you read Luther's last statement?
Answer: A piece of paper

Question: What was "We are beggars" wrote on?
Answer: A piece of paper

Question: What was his last statement on?
Answer: paper
Martin_Luther

In 1542, Luther read a Latin translation of the Qur'an. He went on to produce several critical pamphlets on Islam, which he called "Mohammedanism" or "the Turk". Though Luther saw the Muslim faith as a tool of the devil, he was indifferent to its practice: "Let the Turk believe and live as he will, just as one lets the papacy and other false Christians live." He opposed banning the publication of the Qur'an, wanting it exposed to scrutiny.

Question: what group was mentioned last?
Answer: Christians

Question: Why was Luther in favor of the Latin translation of the Qur'an
Answer: wanting it exposed to scrutiny

Question: what is the first faith mentioned?
Answer: Islam

Question: what was the tone of the literature that luther distributed?
Answer: critical

Question: Why did Luther start doubting the practice of the Islam religion
Answer: Luther saw the Muslim faith as a tool of the devil

Question: How did Luther perceive the Muslin Qur'an as
Answer: tool of the devil

Question: who did Luther believe was using the Qur'an in a bad way?
Answer: the devil

Question: how did luther describe some people who followed christ?
Answer: false
Martin_Luther

Luther dedicated himself to the Augustinian order, devoting himself to fasting, long hours in prayer, pilgrimage, and frequent confession. Luther described this period of his life as one of deep spiritual despair. He said, "I lost touch with Christ the Savior and Comforter, and made of him the jailer and hangman of my poor soul." Johann von Staupitz, his superior, pointed Luther's mind away from continual reflection upon his sins toward the merits of Christ. He taught that true repentance does not involve self-inflicted penances and punishments but rather a change of heart.

Question: He characterized his time in the order as one of despair?
Answer: Luther

Question: The time Luther spent to the Augustinian order is one he refers to as strongly exhibiting which human emotion as a result of losing touch with God?
Answer: despair

Question: Luther learned that in order to demonstrate sorrow and regret in ones life, what must not occur?
Answer: penances and punishments

Question: Johann von Staupitz as the superior of Martin Luther might of heard what frequently from Martin Luther in regards to his regrets and despair?
Answer: confession

Question: Martin Luther once he was dedicated to the Augustinian order, found himself undergoing travel and self-discovery, sometimes referred to as?
Answer: pilgrimage

Question: Who religious figure does Luther follow the word of in his religious beliefs.
Answer: Christ

Question: He taught Luther that a change of heart is more important than self punishment?
Answer: Johann von Staupitz

Question: He was steered toward Christ and away from his constant reflection?
Answer: Luther

Question: Under the Augustinian order, Martin Luther underwent several actions, one of which relating to consumption otherwise known as ?
Answer: fasting

Question: He said, "I lost touch with Christ the Savior and Comorter,.."?
Answer: Luther
Martin_Luther

Luther's translation used the variant of German spoken at the Saxon chancellery, intelligible to both northern and southern Germans. He intended his vigorous, direct language to make the Bible accessible to everyday Germans, "for we are removing impediments and difficulties so that other people may read it without hindrance."

Question: What did Luther translate?
Answer: the Bible

Question: What language was Luther's translation?
Answer: the variant of German spoken at the Saxon chancellery

Question: Who could decipher Luther?
Answer: both northern and southern Germans

Question: From what did Luther want to remove impediments?
Answer: the Bible

Question: What dialect did Luther use?
Answer: the variant of German spoken at the Saxon chancellery

Question: In general, the paragraph discusses what?
Answer: Luther's translation
Martin_Luther

Martin Luther married Katharina von Bora, one of 12 nuns he had helped escape from the Nimbschen Cistercian convent in April 1523, when he arranged for them to be smuggled out in herring barrels. "Suddenly, and while I was occupied with far different thoughts," he wrote to Wenceslaus Link, "the Lord has plunged me into marriage." At the time of their marriage, Katharina was 26 years old and Luther was 41 years old.

Question: What did Luther say he was engrossed in?
Answer: far different thoughts

Question: What was Katharina's last name?
Answer: von Bora

Question: In a letter who did Luther credit for his union with Katharina?
Answer: the Lord

Question: Where did Luther meet his wife?
Answer: Nimbschen Cistercian

Question: When was Luther 41 years old?
Answer: time of their marriage

Question: When was Katharina 26 years old?
Answer: time of their marriage
Martin_Luther

At the end of this speech, Luther raised his arm "in the traditional salute of a knight winning a bout." Michael Mullett considers this speech as a "world classic of epoch-making oratory."

Question: Who gave the salute
Answer: Luther

Question: Who delivered the oratory
Answer: Luther

Question: How did Luther act like a knight?
Answer: raised his arm

Question: Who gave the speech
Answer: Luther

Question: Luther finished a?
Answer: speech