UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change

The third assessment report (TAR) prominently featured a graph labeled "Millennial Northern Hemisphere temperature reconstruction" based on a 1999 paper by Michael E. Mann, Raymond S. Bradley and Malcolm K. Hughes (MBH99), which has been referred to as the "hockey stick graph". This graph extended the similar graph in Figure 3.20 from the IPCC Second Assessment Report of 1995, and differed from a schematic in the first assessment report that lacked temperature units, but appeared to depict larger global temperature variations over the past 1000 years, and higher temperatures during the Medieval Warm Period than the mid 20th century. The schematic was not an actual plot of data, and was based on a diagram of temperatures in central England, with temperatures increased on the basis of documentary evidence of Medieval vineyards in England. Even with this increase, the maximum it showed for the Medieval Warm Period did not reach temperatures recorded in central England in 2007. The MBH99 finding was supported by cited reconstructions by Jones et al. 1998, Pollack, Huang & Shen 1998, Crowley & Lowery 2000 and Briffa 2000, using differing data and methods. The Jones et al. and Briffa reconstructions were overlaid with the MBH99 reconstruction in Figure 2.21 of the IPCC report.

Question: What is Raymond Bradley's middle initial?
Answer: S

Question: Which came out first, the second assessment report or the third assessment report?
Answer: the IPCC Second Assessment Report

Question: What sport is referenced in a paper by Mann?
Answer: hockey

Question: What is the "99" in "MBH99" in reference to?
Answer: 1999

Question: Who published in the same year as Briffa?
Answer: Crowley & Lowery

Question: What does the 99 in "MBH99" refer to?
Answer: 1999

Question: Which time had higher temperatures in England, the Medieval Warm Period or 2007?
Answer: 2007

Question: Who is the first letter in "MBH99" in reference to?
Answer: Mann

Question: What is the second letter in "MBH99" in reference to?
Answer: Bradley

Question: Who does the first letter in "MBH99" refer to?
Answer: Mann

Question: Who does the second letter in "MBH99" refer to?
Answer: Bradley
Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change

The IPCC process on climate change and its efficiency and success has been compared with dealings with other environmental challenges (compare Ozone depletion and global warming). In case of the Ozone depletion global regulation based on the Montreal Protocol has been successful, in case of Climate Change, the Kyoto Protocol failed. The Ozone case was used to assess the efficiency of the IPCC process. The lockstep situation of the IPCC is having built a broad science consensus while states and governments still follow different, if not opposing goals. The underlying linear model of policy-making of more knowledge we have, the better the political response will be is being doubted.

Question: What worked out?
Answer: the Montreal Protocol

Question: What was a model for global regulation?
Answer: Montreal Protocol

Question: What are the challenges of Ozone depletion and global warming being used to compare?
Answer: The IPCC process on climate change and its efficiency and success
Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change

The IPCC does not carry out research nor does it monitor climate related data. Lead authors of IPCC reports assess the available information about climate change based on published sources. According to IPCC guidelines, authors should give priority to peer-reviewed sources. Authors may refer to non-peer-reviewed sources (the "grey literature"), provided that they are of sufficient quality. Examples of non-peer-reviewed sources include model results, reports from government agencies and non-governmental organizations, and industry journals. Each subsequent IPCC report notes areas where the science has improved since the previous report and also notes areas where further research is required.

Question: What type of information is more highly valued by the IPCC?
Answer: peer-reviewed

Question: What document states that peer-reviewed sources are best for IPCC authors?
Answer: IPCC guidelines

Question: What recommendation does the IPCC give in its reports?
Answer: areas where further research is required

Question: What would have to be true of a government agency report in order for an IPCC author to refer to it?
Answer: sufficient quality

Question: What constitutes the bulk of the IPCC reports?
Answer: information about climate change based on published sources

Question: What type of source is not included in the grey literature?
Answer: peer-reviewed sources

Question: What determines which sources are used and how they are mentioned?
Answer: IPCC guidelines

Question: What type of written item would be of most value to an IPCC lead author?
Answer: peer-reviewed sources
Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change

The IPCC receives funding through the IPCC Trust Fund, established in 1989 by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), Costs of the Secretary and of housing the secretariat are provided by the WMO, while UNEP meets the cost of the Depute Secretary. Annual cash contributions to the Trust Fund are made by the WMO, by UNEP, and by IPCC Members; the scale of payments is determined by the IPCC Panel, which is also responsible for considering and adopting by consensus the annual budget. The organisation is required to comply with the Financial Regulations and Rules of the WMO.

Question: The UNEP provides what for the Depute Secretary?
Answer: funding

Question: The IPCC Trust Fund administers?
Answer: funding
Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change

The executive summary of the WG I Summary for Policymakers report says they are certain that emissions resulting from human activities are substantially increasing the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases, resulting on average in an additional warming of the Earth's surface. They calculate with confidence that CO2 has been responsible for over half the enhanced greenhouse effect. They predict that under a "business as usual" (BAU) scenario, global mean temperature will increase by about 0.3 °C per decade during the [21st] century. They judge that global mean surface air temperature has increased by 0.3 to 0.6 °C over the last 100 years, broadly consistent with prediction of climate models, but also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability. The unequivocal detection of the enhanced greenhouse effect is not likely for a decade or more.

Question: what is the first mammal mentioned?
Answer: human

Question: what planet is mentioned first?
Answer: Earth

Question: what span of time is mentioned last?
Answer: decade

Question: What do politicians in Washington say if they are unwilling to make changes to laws?
Answer: business as usual

Question: what kind of temperature will go higher?
Answer: global mean

Question: In regards of emissions of greenhouse gases, what has happened to the air temperature in the last century?
Answer: increased by 0.3 to 0.6 °C

Question: what was getting measured for temperature over the last 100 years?
Answer: surface air

Question: What is the result of emitting CO2 in the atmosphere?
Answer: greenhouse effect

Question: When will we be able to see the effects of the increased emission of greenhouse gases that are occurring now?
Answer: not likely for a decade or more
Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change

Since the IPCC does not carry out its own research, it operates on the basis of scientific papers and independently documented results from other scientific bodies, and its schedule for producing reports requires a deadline for submissions prior to the report's final release. In principle, this means that any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science between this deadline and publication of an IPCC report cannot be included. In an area of science where our scientific understanding is rapidly changing, this has been raised as a serious shortcoming in a body which is widely regarded as the ultimate authority on the science. However, there has generally been a steady evolution of key findings and levels of scientific confidence from one assessment report to the next.[citation needed]

Question: What is an area of science in which our understanding and knowledge is rapidly changing?
Answer: climate science

Question: What do other scientific bodies produce?
Answer: scientific papers

Question: What occurs between IPCC reports?
Answer: a steady evolution of key findings and levels of scientific confidence

Question: Why are the reports sometimes inaccurate?
Answer: any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science between this deadline and publication of an IPCC report cannot be included

Question: What scientific body is widely regarded as the ultimately authority on the science of climate science?
Answer: IPCC

Question: Despite the need for strict deadlines, which sometimes excludes new scientific findings, what reveals a steady evolution of key findings?
Answer: assessment report

Question: What does the IPCC report on?
Answer: climate science

Question: what is flawed about the IPCC?
Answer: any significant new evidence or events that change our understanding of climate science between this deadline and publication of an IPCC report cannot be included

Question: If some new scientific finding is reported just after the submission deadline, what will happen to it in respect to the IPCC assessment reports?
Answer: cannot be included
Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change

This projection was not included in the final summary for policymakers. The IPCC has since acknowledged that the date is incorrect, while reaffirming that the conclusion in the final summary was robust. They expressed regret for "the poor application of well-established IPCC procedures in this instance". The date of 2035 has been correctly quoted by the IPCC from the WWF report, which has misquoted its own source, an ICSI report "Variations of Snow and Ice in the past and at present on a Global and Regional Scale".

Question: What did the IPCC show after they realized that the date was incorrect?
Answer: regret

Question: How did the IPCC respond to the missing projection?
Answer: acknowledged that the date is incorrect, while reaffirming that the conclusion in the final summary was robust
Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change

Korean economist Hoesung Lee is the chair of the IPCC since October 8, 2015, following the election of the new IPCC Bureau. Before this election, the IPCC was led by his vice-Chair Ismail El Gizouli, who was designated acting Chair after the resignation of Rajendra K. Pachauri in February 2015. The previous chairs were Rajendra K. Pachauri, elected in May 2002; Robert Watson in 1997; and Bert Bolin in 1988. The chair is assisted by an elected bureau including vice-chairs, working group co-chairs, and a secretariat.

Question: Who was elected before 1990?
Answer: Bert Bolin

Question: Who was elected later, Rajendra K. Pachauri or Robert Watson?
Answer: Rajendra K. Pachauri

Question: Who was elected between 1990 and 2000?
Answer: Robert Watson

Question: Who was chair of the IPCC in 1990?
Answer: Bert Bolin

Question: Which person mentioned was most likely born in Korea?
Answer: Hoesung Lee

Question: Who was chair of the IPCC in 1999?
Answer: Robert Watson

Question: Who was chair of the IPCC in 2006?
Answer: Rajendra K. Pachauri

Question: Who was elected later, Rajendra K. Pachauri or Bert Bolin?
Answer: Rajendra K. Pachauri

Question: Who was elected earlier, Robert Watson or Bert Bolin?
Answer: Bert Bolin

Question: Who was the chair of the IPCC immediately before Rajendra K. Pachauri?
Answer: Robert Watson