UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Warsaw

The mayor of Warsaw is called President. Generally, in Poland, the mayors of bigger cities are called presidents – i.e. such cities, which have over 100,000 people or these, where already was president before 1990. The first Warsaw President was Jan Andrzej Menich (1695–1696). Between 1975 and 1990 the Warsaw Presidents was simultaneously the Warsaw Voivode. Since 1990 the President of Warsaw had been elected by the City council. In the years of 1994–1999 the mayor of the district Centrum automatically was designated as the President of Warsaw: the mayor of Centrum was elected by the district council of Centrum and the council was elected only by the Centrum residents. Since 2002 the President of Warsaw is elected by all of the citizens of Warsaw.

Question: Before 2002, who picked the President of Warsaw?
Answer: the City council

Question: President also means?
Answer: mayor

Question: Where are mayors also called president?
Answer: Poland

Question: Which citizens elect the President of Warsaw today?
Answer: all of the citizens of Warsaw

Question: This country's cities are big when they ahve over 100,000 people, what's it called?
Answer: Poland
Warsaw

In 1529, Warsaw for the first time became the seat of the General Sejm, permanent from 1569. In 1573 the city gave its name to the Warsaw Confederation, formally establishing religious freedom in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Due to its central location between the Commonwealth's capitals of Kraków and Vilnius, Warsaw became the capital of the Commonwealth and the Crown of the Kingdom of Poland when King Sigismund III Vasa moved his court from Kraków to Warsaw in 1596. In the following years the town expanded towards the suburbs. Several private independent districts were established, the property of aristocrats and the gentry, which were ruled by their own laws. Three times between 1655–1658 the city was under siege and three times it was taken and pillaged by the Swedish, Brandenburgian and Transylvanian forces.

Question: Like the cities it was located between, Warsaw was a?
Answer: capital

Question: King Vasa ruled?
Answer: Poland
Warsaw

A fine tribute to the fall of Warsaw and history of Poland can be found in the Warsaw Uprising Museum and in the Katyń Museum which preserves the memory of the crime. The Warsaw Uprising Museum also operates a rare preserved and operating historic stereoscopic theatre, the Warsaw Fotoplastikon. The Museum of Independence preserves patriotic and political objects connected with Poland's struggles for independence. Dating back to 1936 Warsaw Historical Museum contains 60 rooms which host a permanent exhibition of the history of Warsaw from its origins until today.

Question: Where is history preserved?
Answer: Museum

Question: What is a memorial of sorts?
Answer: tribute
Apollo_program

Deke Slayton, the grounded Mercury astronaut who became Director of Flight Crew Operations for the Gemini and Apollo programs, selected the first Apollo crew in January 1966, with Grissom as Command Pilot, White as Senior Pilot, and rookie Donn F. Eisele as Pilot. But Eisele dislocated his shoulder twice aboard the KC135 weightlessness training aircraft, and had to undergo surgery on January 27. Slayton replaced him with Chaffee. NASA announced the final crew selection for AS-204 on March 21, 1966, with the backup crew consisting of Gemini veterans James McDivitt and David Scott, with rookie Russell L. "Rusty" Schweickart. Mercury/Gemini veteran Wally Schirra, Eisele, and rookie Walter Cunningham were announced on September 29 as the prime crew for AS-205.

Question: who did the kc135 eventually provide a seat on as-204
Answer: Chaffee

Question: What is a key training element of the KC135?
Answer: weightlessness

Question: Who was second in command chosen by Slayton?
Answer: White

Question: Slayton became Director of Flight Crew only after he was what?
Answer: grounded

Question: Who was initally chosen for both the initial Apollo crew and the prime crew?
Answer: Eisele

Question: Who was in control of Apollo aircraft operations in space?
Answer: Grissom

Question: Even though Donn F. Eisele was replaced on the 1966 crew, what team was he a part of?
Answer: the prime crew for AS-205

Question: what device caused eisele to have to miss flying on as-204
Answer: KC135 weightlessness training aircraft

Question: Who didn't fly on as-204 but should have but then got a chance to fly on as-205?
Answer: Eisele

Question: What mission was Eisele officially a part of?
Answer: AS-205

Question: Who took the rookie pilot's place?
Answer: Chaffee

Question: Which member of the first Apollo crew was missing in the final announcement on March 21, 1966?
Answer: Donn F. Eisele
Apollo_program

The problems with North American were severe enough in late 1965 to cause Manned Space Flight Administrator George Mueller to appoint program director Samuel Phillips to head a "tiger team" to investigate North American's problems and identify corrections. Phillips documented his findings in a December 19 letter to NAA president Lee Atwood, with a strongly worded letter by Mueller, and also gave a presentation of the results to Mueller and Deputy Administrator Robert Seamans. Meanwhile, Grumman was also encountering problems with the Lunar Module, eliminating hopes it would be ready for manned flight in 1967, not long after the first manned CSM flights.

Question: Which of the following is not a person's first name: George, Phillips, or Robert?
Answer: Phillips

Question: Who failed to get the Lunar module ready on time?
Answer: Grumman

Question: What was supposed to take flight after CSM?
Answer: the Lunar Module

Question: Which of the following is not a type of flight: manned, CSM or program?
Answer: program

Question: Which of the following is not a person's last name: Phillips, Mueller, or letter?
Answer: letter

Question: Whose idea was the tiger team?
Answer: Manned Space Flight Administrator George Mueller

Question: Who wanted team tiger to identify corrections?
Answer: George Mueller

Question: What was the position of the person who made Phillips head of a tiger team?
Answer: Space Flight Administrator

Question: Who presented issues to Robert Seamans?
Answer: Phillips

Question: What company had the problems discussed on December 19 in a letter?
Answer: North American
Apollo_program

The Apollo program was conceived during the Eisenhower administration in early 1960, as a follow-up to Project Mercury. While the Mercury capsule could only support one astronaut on a limited Earth orbital mission, Apollo would carry three astronauts. Possible missions included ferrying crews to a space station, circumlunar flights, and eventual manned lunar landings. The program was named after the Greek god of light, music, and the sun by NASA manager Abe Silverstein, who later said that "I was naming the spacecraft like I'd name my baby." Silverstein chose the name at home one evening, early in 1960, because he felt "Apollo riding his chariot across the Sun was appropriate to the grand scale of the proposed program."

Question: Why might have the Apollo been made larger than the Mercury?
Answer: the Mercury capsule could only support one astronaut

Question: What greek god was influenced?
Answer: Apollo

Question: What suggests Eisenhower administration knew of the limitation of the Project Mercury?
Answer: The Apollo program was conceived during the Eisenhower administration in early 1960, as a follow-up to Project Mercury

Question: What was the shuttle compared to?
Answer: baby

Question: What had a larger capacity?
Answer: Apollo
Apollo_program

In early 1961, direct ascent was generally the mission mode in favor at NASA. Many engineers feared that a rendezvous —let alone a docking— neither of which had been attempted even in Earth orbit, would be extremely difficult in lunar orbit. Dissenters including John Houbolt at Langley Research Center emphasized the important weight reductions that were offered by the LOR approach. Throughout 1960 and 1961, Houbolt campaigned for the recognition of LOR as a viable and practical option. Bypassing the NASA hierarchy, he sent a series of memos and reports on the issue to Associate Administrator Robert Seamans; while acknowledging that he spoke "somewhat as a voice in the wilderness," Houbolt pleaded that LOR should not be discounted in studies of the question.

Question: Which approach involved a heavier craft?
Answer: direct ascent

Question: Why was it hard to attempt docking in lunar orbit?
Answer: important weight reductions

Question: What was not taken seriously?
Answer: LOR

Question: To what option did Houbolt suggest LOR mission as a viable and practical option?
Answer: direct ascent

Question: Why mission mode did Houbolt recommend?
Answer: LOR

Question: Who had a research center named after them?
Answer: Langley

Question: Where did Robert Seamans work?
Answer: NASA

Question: Who was not convinced?
Answer: NASA

Question: What was the concern of the direct ascent mission mode?
Answer: a rendezvous —let alone a docking— neither of which had been attempted even in Earth orbit, would be extremely difficult in lunar orbit

Question: Who was lower status, Seamans or Houbolt?
Answer: Houbolt
Apollo_program

Maxime Faget's preliminary Apollo design employed a cone-shaped command module, supported by one of several service modules providing propulsion and electrical power, sized appropriately for the space station, cislunar, and lunar landing missions. Once Kennedy's Moon landing goal became official, detailed design began of a Command/Service Module (CSM) in which the crew would spend the entire direct-ascent mission and lift off from the lunar surface for the return trip, after being soft-landed by a larger landing propulsion module. The final choice of lunar orbit rendezvous changed the CSM's role to the translunar ferry used to transport the crew, along with a new spacecraft, the Lunar Excursion Module (LEM, later shortened to Lunar Module, LM) which would take two men to the lunar surface and return them to the CSM.

Question: Where was Apollo headed to?
Answer: Moon

Question: Who's desire was it to make a lunar landing?
Answer: Kennedy

Question: A small amount of people would temporarily leave the?
Answer: Command/Service Module
Apollo_program

North American Aviation won the contract to build the CSM, and also the second stage of the Saturn V launch vehicle for NASA. Because the CSM design was started early before the selection of lunar orbit rendezvous, the service propulsion engine was sized to lift the CSM off of the Moon, and thus was oversized to about twice the thrust required for translunar flight. Also, there was no provision for docking with the Lunar Module. A 1964 program definition study concluded that the initial design should be continued as Block I which would be used for early testing, while Block II, the actual lunar spacecraft, would incorporate the docking equipment and take advantage of the lessons learned in Block I development.

Question: This space program gave the North American Aviation the contract to build the CSM?
Answer: NASA

Question: What version of the Saturn launch vehicle did the North American Aviation win the contract to build for NASA?
Answer: second stage of the Saturn V

Question: What was the engine powering?
Answer: CSM

Question: What was added to the design that was not initially intended?
Answer: docking equipment

Question: Who was tasked with putting forth a design that included the ability to dock with the Lunar Module?
Answer: North American Aviation

Question: It was responsible for deciding that the improvements gained through study of Block I would be incorporated and used in Block II?
Answer: 1964 program definition study

Question: What did North American Aviation have with NASA?
Answer: contract

Question: What size was the CSM?
Answer: oversized
Apollo_program

Apollo 8 was planned to be the D mission in December 1968, crewed by McDivitt, Scott and Schweickart, launched on a Saturn V instead of two Saturn IBs. In the summer it had become clear that the LM would not be ready in time. Rather than waste the Saturn V on another simple Earth-orbiting mission, ASPO Manager George Low suggested the bold step of sending Apollo 8 to orbit the Moon instead, deferring the D mission to the next mission in March 1969, and eliminating the E mission. This would keep the program on track. The Soviet Union had sent animals around the Moon on September 15, 1968, aboard Zond 5, and it was believed they might soon repeat the feat with human cosmonauts. The decision was not announced publicly until successful completion of Apollo 7. Gemini veterans Frank Borman and James Lovell, and rookie William Anders captured the world's attention by making 10 lunar orbits in 20 hours, transmitting television pictures of the lunar surface on Christmas Eve, and returning safely to Earth.

Question: what period in time is mentioned last?
Answer: Christmas Eve

Question: what part of the solar system is mentioned last?
Answer: Earth

Question: what period in time is mentioned first?
Answer: December 1968

Question: Which mission was NOT eliminated?
Answer: D

Question: Which of the following did not go on any Gemini missions: Scott, Borman, or Lovell?
Answer: Scott

Question: what craft was mentioned first?
Answer: Apollo 8

Question: Which of the following is not an astronaut: McDivitt, Low, or Schweickart?
Answer: Low
Apollo_program

Before the Apollo program began, Wernher von Braun and his team of rocket engineers had started work on plans for very large launch vehicles, the Saturn series, and the even larger Nova series. In the midst of these plans, von Braun was transferred from the Army to NASA, and made Director of the Marshall Space Flight Center. The initial direct ascent plan to send the three-man Apollo Command/Service Module directly to the lunar surface, on top of a large descent rocket stage, would require a Nova-class launcher, with a lunar payload capability of over 180,000 pounds (82,000 kg). The June 11, 1962, decision to use lunar orbit rendezvous enabled the Saturn V to replace the Nova, and the MSFC proceeded to develop the Saturn rocket family for Apollo.

Question: What was NASA's direct ascent plan
Answer: to send the three-man Apollo Command/Service Module directly to the lunar surface

Question: Original plans to land men on the moon planned for what launch vehicle
Answer: a Nova-class launcher

Question: Why did NASA switch to its proposal to use a Saturn launch vehicle
Answer: The June 11, 1962, decision to use lunar orbit rendezvous

Question: What government agency did Wernher von Braun work for before being named director of the Marshall Space Flight Center
Answer: the Army

Question: The use of the Nova launcher was proposed because of what apprach plan
Answer: direct ascent plan

Question: Who reported to Wernher von Braun first?
Answer: team of rocket engineers

Question: To what larger organization did the MSFC belong?
Answer: NASA

Question: Where did Wernher von Braun work first?
Answer: Army
Apollo_program

Apollo ran from 1961 to 1972, and was supported by the two-man Gemini program which ran concurrently with it from 1962 to 1966. Gemini missions developed some of the space travel techniques that were necessary for the success of the Apollo missions. Apollo used Saturn family rockets as launch vehicles. Apollo/Saturn vehicles were also used for an Apollo Applications Program, which consisted of Skylab, a space station that supported three manned missions in 1973–74, and the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project, a joint Earth orbit mission with the Soviet Union in 1975.

Question: What was the benfit of the Gemini program?
Answer: developed some of the space travel techniques that were necessary for the success of the Apollo missions

Question: A series of spacecraft designated for the Soviet Space program were?
Answer: Soyuz

Question: What was the russian component of the joint mission with the Soviet Union called?
Answer: Soyuz

Question: What planet in the universe has a visible and evident ring around it?
Answer: Saturn

Question: What was Skylab?
Answer: a space station

Question: When was Skylab first used?
Answer: 1973

Question: The first United States space station was launched in what year?
Answer: 1973

Question: The third planet from the sun in the Milky Way universe is?
Answer: Earth
Apollo_program

NASA immediately convened an accident review board, overseen by both houses of Congress. While the determination of responsibility for the accident was complex, the review board concluded that "deficiencies existed in Command Module design, workmanship and quality control." At the insistence of NASA Administrator Webb, North American removed Harrison Storms as Command Module program manager. Webb also reassigned Apollo Spacecraft Program Office (ASPO) Manager Joseph Francis Shea, replacing him with George Low.

Question: What are the Senate and the House collectively called?
Answer: Congress

Question: What one area of concern would be because of people that did not double check the work?
Answer: quality control

Question: Who was releaved of his position by Webb?
Answer: Harrison Storms

Question: Who investigated the accident?
Answer: review board

Question: Who did the accident review board point the finger at?
Answer: Command Module design, workmanship and quality control

Question: Who fired Harrison Storms?
Answer: North American

Question: Who was the ASPO manager last, Shea or Low?
Answer: George Low
Apollo_program

It became clear that managing the Apollo program would exceed the capabilities of Robert R. Gilruth's Space Task Group, which had been directing the nation's manned space program from NASA's Langley Research Center. So Gilruth was given authority to grow his organization into a new NASA center, the Manned Spacecraft Center (MSC). A site was chosen in Houston, Texas, on land donated by Rice University, and Administrator Webb announced the conversion on September 19, 1961. It was also clear NASA would soon outgrow its practice of controlling missions from its Cape Canaveral Air Force Station launch facilities in Florida, so a new Mission Control Center would be included in the MSC.

Question: Who was also a god?
Answer: Apollo

Question: Who made the improvement possible?
Answer: Rice University

Question: What was improved?
Answer: NASA center

Question: Where was the old base of Nasa?
Answer: Cape Canaveral Air Force Station

Question: Which organization had more employees, the Space Task Group or NASA?
Answer: NASA

Question: How did they get the property in Texas?
Answer: donated by Rice University

Question: Who ran NASA at that time?
Answer: Gilruth

Question: Which state hosted NASA's buildings second?
Answer: Texas
Apollo_program

Seamans' establishment of an ad-hoc committee headed by his special technical assistant Nicholas E. Golovin in July 1961, to recommend a launch vehicle to be used in the Apollo program, represented a turning point in NASA's mission mode decision. This committee recognized that the chosen mode was an important part of the launch vehicle choice, and recommended in favor of a hybrid EOR-LOR mode. Its consideration of LOR —as well as Houbolt's ceaseless work— played an important role in publicizing the workability of the approach. In late 1961 and early 1962, members of the Manned Spacecraft Center began to come around to support LOR, including the newly hired deputy director of the Office of Manned Space Flight, Joseph Shea, who became a champion of LOR. The engineers at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) took longer to become convinced of its merits, but their conversion was announced by Wernher von Braun at a briefing in June 1962.

Question: Who created the ad-hoc committee?
Answer: Seamans

Question: Who was the last group to approve of the EOR-LOR mode?
Answer: The engineers at Marshall Space Flight Center

Question: Nicholas E. Golovin owed his role in the turning point in the mission mode decision to who?
Answer: Seamans

Question: NASA's mission mode decision was helped along by this man setting up the ad-hoc committee.
Answer: Seamans

Question: The establishment of this man in a special role as the head of the Office of Manned Space Flight, led to the promotion of the use of LOR.
Answer: Joseph Shea

Question: What was the turning point in NASA's mission mode decision?
Answer: Seamans' establishment of an ad-hoc committee

Question: In June 1962 came the announcement of the MSFC's conversion to the decision made by the committee chaired by who?
Answer: Nicholas E. Golovin

Question: What did Golovin lead?
Answer: ad-hoc committee
Apollo_program

On April 12, 1961, Soviet cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin became the first person to fly in space, reinforcing American fears about being left behind in a technological competition with the Soviet Union. At a meeting of the US House Committee on Science and Astronautics one day after Gagarin's flight, many congressmen pledged their support for a crash program aimed at ensuring that America would catch up. Kennedy was circumspect in his response to the news, refusing to make a commitment on America's response to the Soviets.

Question: American fears about being left behind were addressed by whom?
Answer: many congressmen

Question: Kennedy refused a commitment to ensure that what did not happen?
Answer: left behind in a technological competition with the Soviet Union

Question: What group did Kennedy not fall in line with?
Answer: many congressmen
Apollo_program

The three-stage Saturn V was designed to send a fully fueled CSM and LM to the Moon. It was 33 feet (10.1 m) in diameter and stood 363 feet (110.6 m) tall with its 96,800-pound (43,900 kg) lunar payload. Its capability grew to 103,600 pounds (47,000 kg) for the later advanced lunar landings. The S-IC first stage burned RP-1/LOX for a rated thrust of 7,500,000 pounds-force (33,400 kN), which was upgraded to 7,610,000 pounds-force (33,900 kN). The second and third stages burned liquid hydrogen, and the third stage was a modified version of the S-IVB, with thrust increased to 230,000 lbf (1,020 kN) and capability to restart the engine for translunar injection after reaching a parking orbit.

Question: What kind of fuel was used to return the module from the moon?
Answer: liquid hydrogen

Question: What stood 363 feet tall?
Answer: Saturn V

Question: What was the rated thrust in the final stage?
Answer: 230,000 lbf

Question: How much was the lander capable of handling in it's first iteration?
Answer: 96,800-pound (43,900 kg)

Question: What was the weight of Saturn V's payload in pounds at first?
Answer: 96,800

Question: When was the most force needed?
Answer: The S-IC first stage

Question: Which two stages burned the same thing?
Answer: second and third

Question: Whit a diameter of 33 feet, how tall was the CSM and LM in meters?
Answer: 110.6 m

Question: What was the heaviest payload the module could carry?
Answer: 103,600 pounds (47,000 kg)

Question: What kind of fuel was used after the initial launch?
Answer: liquid hydrogen

Question: What was 33 feet in diameter?
Answer: Saturn V

Question: What was the height of Saturn V in meters?
Answer: 110.6

Question: What was the diameter of Saturn V in meters?
Answer: 10.1