UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

Initial reactions to the novel were varied. The New Yorker declared it "skilled, unpretentious, and totally ingenious", and The Atlantic Monthly's reviewer rated it as "pleasant, undemanding reading", but found the narrative voice—"a six-year-old girl with the prose style of a well-educated adult"—to be implausible. Time magazine's 1960 review of the book states that it "teaches the reader an astonishing number of useful truths about little girls and about Southern life" and calls Scout Finch "the most appealing child since Carson McCullers' Frankie got left behind at the wedding". The Chicago Sunday Tribune noted the even-handed approach to the narration of the novel's events, writing: "This is in no way a sociological novel. It underlines no cause ... To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel of strong contemporary national significance."

Question: Who is the narrator of To Kill a Mockingbird?
Answer: a six-year-old girl

Question: What is the age of Scout Finch?
Answer: six-year-old

Question: Why did the Chicago Sunday Tribune not consider To Kill a Mockingbird to be a sociloogical novel?
Answer: It underlines no cause

Question: How did The Chicago Sunday Tribune react to the noveL?
Answer: To Kill a Mockingbird is a novel of strong contemporary national significance

Question: What did Time magazine say about Scout Finch?
Answer: the most appealing child since Carson McCullers' Frankie got left behind at the wedding

Question: Which publication praised the manner in which the novel was written?
Answer: The New Yorker

Question: which reviews were mixed?
Answer: Initial

Question: What about the novel causes a sense of implausibility?
Answer: a six-year-old girl with the prose style of a well-educated adult

Question: Whose character got left behind at the wedding?
Answer: Carson McCullers'
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

In a 1964 interview, Lee remarked that her aspiration was "to be ... the Jane Austen of South Alabama." Both Austen and Lee challenged the social status quo and valued individual worth over social standing. When Scout embarrasses her poorer classmate, Walter Cunningham, at the Finch home one day, Calpurnia, their black cook, chastises and punishes her for doing so. Atticus respects Calpurnia's judgment, and later in the book even stands up to his sister, the formidable Aunt Alexandra, when she strongly suggests they fire Calpurnia. One writer notes that Scout, "in Austenian fashion", satirizes women with whom she does not wish to identify. Literary critic Jean Blackall lists the priorities shared by the two authors: "affirmation of order in society, obedience, courtesy, and respect for the individual without regard for status".

Question: Which is not a last name, Austen or Calpurnia?
Answer: Calpurnia

Question: Who does Scout mimic in dealing with others?
Answer: Jane Austen

Question: What also is an author?
Answer: writer

Question: What was the third thing Jean Blackall listed as a priority shared by both authors?
Answer: courtesy

Question: Why did Blackall have an interest in the authors?
Answer: Literary critic

Question: What was Walter Cunningham's social standing?
Answer: poorer

Question: What is a judges final order?
Answer: judgment

Question: What was the first thing Jean Blackall listed as a priority shared by both authors?
Answer: affirmation of order in society

Question: Who does Calpurnia work for?
Answer: the Finch home

Question: How do Atticus and Alexandra differ?
Answer: Atticus respects Calpurnia's judgment

Question: What did Jane Austen do for a living?
Answer: authors

Question: What was the second thing Jean Blackall listed as a priority shared by both authors?
Answer: obedience
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

Tom Robinson is the chief example among several innocents destroyed carelessly or deliberately throughout the novel. However, scholar Christopher Metress connects the mockingbird to Boo Radley: "Instead of wanting to exploit Boo for her own fun (as she does in the beginning of the novel by putting on gothic plays about his history), Scout comes to see him as a 'mockingbird'—that is, as someone with an inner goodness that must be cherished." The last pages of the book illustrate this as Scout relates the moral of a story Atticus has been reading to her, and in allusions to both Boo Radley and Tom Robinson states about a character who was misunderstood, "when they finally saw him, why he hadn't done any of those things ... Atticus, he was real nice," to which he responds, "Most people are, Scout, when you finally see them."

Question: Which character gets a sadder ending, Tom Robinson or Scout?
Answer: Tom Robinson

Question: Who is the leader of a tribe?
Answer: chief

Question: What one word describes the way something is done if someone rushes through without paying attention to detail?
Answer: carelessly

Question: Which of the following is not a character in the novel: Christopher Metress, Boo Radley or Tom Robinson?
Answer: Christopher Metress

Question: Which is not a last name, Robinson or Scout?
Answer: Scout

Question: What did Atticus tell Scout?
Answer: Most people are, Scout, when you finally see them

Question: Who is a more static character, Atticus or Scout?
Answer: Atticus

Question: When does the conversation between Scout and Atticus occur?
Answer: last pages of the book

Question: What did Scout tell Atticus?
Answer: when they finally saw him, why he hadn't done any of those things ... Atticus, he was real nice

Question: What did Scout say about the character who was misunderstood?
Answer: he was real nice
To_Kill_a_Mockingbird

Absent mothers and abusive fathers are another theme in the novel. Scout and Jem's mother died before Scout could remember her, Mayella's mother is dead, and Mrs. Radley is silent about Boo's confinement to the house. Apart from Atticus, the fathers described are abusers. Bob Ewell, it is hinted, molested his daughter, and Mr. Radley imprisons his son in his house until Boo is remembered only as a phantom. Bob Ewell and Mr. Radley represent a form of masculinity that Atticus does not, and the novel suggests that such men as well as the traditionally feminine hypocrites at the Missionary Society can lead society astray. Atticus stands apart as a unique model of masculinity; as one scholar explains: "It is the job of real men who embody the traditional masculine qualities of heroic individualism, bravery, and an unshrinking knowledge of and dedication to social justice and morality, to set the society straight."

Question: Who has the unfortunate fate of having parents that are collectively abusive and ambivalent?
Answer: Boo

Question: Who stays inside?
Answer: Boo

Question: Who is accused of not acting in such a way that conforms with what they say?
Answer: hypocrites at the Missionary Society

Question: What happens, according to the novel, when people subvert the expectations of their gender?
Answer: can lead society astray

Question: What is insinuated about the abusive father Ewell in the novel?
Answer: molested his daughter

Question: Atticus is not an?
Answer: abusive fathers

Question: Scout's mother is?
Answer: dead

Question: Which of the fathers is kindest?
Answer: Atticus

Question: Whose opinion is it that the burden of keeping society from being led astray is on the shoulders of men such as Atticus?
Answer: one scholar
United_States_Army

Training in the U.S. Army is generally divided into two categories – individual and collective. Basic training consists of 10 weeks for most recruits followed by Advanced Individualized Training (AIT) where they receive training for their military occupational specialties (MOS). Some individuals MOSs range anywhere from 14–20 weeks of One Station Unit Training (OSUT), which combines Basic Training and AIT. The length of AIT school varies by the MOS The length of time spent in AIT depends on the MOS of the soldier, and some highly technical MOS training may require many months (e.g., foreign language translators). Depending on the needs of the army, Basic Combat Training for combat arms soldiers is conducted at a number of locations, but two of the longest-running are the Armor School and the Infantry School, both at Fort Benning, Georgia.

Question: What is OSUT?
Answer: combines Basic Training and AIT

Question: What type of recruits are trained at the Infantry School?
Answer: combat arms soldiers

Question: What is the location of BCT dependent upon?
Answer: the needs of the army

Question: How do soliders get assignments determined after the initlal training?
Answer: Advanced Individualized Training (AIT) where they receive training for their military occupational specialties (MOS

Question: A longer AIT will be needed for what kind of MOS?
Answer: highly technical MOS training

Question: What is the official name for the soldier's specialized area of expertise?
Answer: military occupational specialties (MOS)

Question: What type of recruits are trained at the Armor School?
Answer: combat arms soldiers

Question: Who trains at Fort Benning?
Answer: combat arms soldiers

Question: What type of training is most common in the camp at Georgia?
Answer: Armor School and the Infantry School

Question: What determines the length of AIT?
Answer: military occupational specialties
United_States_Army

During the 1960s the Department of Defense continued to scrutinize the reserve forces and to question the number of divisions and brigades as well as the redundancy of maintaining two reserve components, the Army National Guard and the Army Reserve. In 1967 Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara decided that 15 combat divisions in the Army National Guard were unnecessary and cut the number to 8 divisions (1 mechanized infantry, 2 armored, and 5 infantry), but increased the number of brigades from 7 to 18 (1 airborne, 1 armored, 2 mechanized infantry, and 14 infantry). The loss of the divisions did not set well with the states. Their objections included the inadequate maneuver element mix for those that remained and the end to the practice of rotating divisional commands among the states that supported them. Under the proposal, the remaining division commanders were to reside in the state of the division base. No reduction, however, in total Army National Guard strength was to take place, which convinced the governors to accept the plan. The states reorganized their forces accordingly between 1 December 1967 and 1 May 1968.

Question: How many divisions were there before the cut?
Answer: 15

Question: What was the number that the combat divisions started at before McNamara made the decision there were too many?
Answer: 15

Question: What part of the reserves was raised while another was decreased?
Answer: brigades

Question: Which were there less of in the number of brigades, airborne or infantry?
Answer: airborne

Question: After the increase in number of brigades, how many of the infantries were NOT mechanized?
Answer: 14

Question: What year did the rearranging of forces end after the governors accepted the plan?
Answer: 1968

Question: What was done to the combat divisions that wasn't done to the brigades?
Answer: cut the number

Question: Before the increase in number of divisions, how many of the infantries were NOT mechanized?
Answer: 5

Question: Which two divisions of the brigades had the same number?
Answer: 1 airborne, 1 armored
Sexual_orientation

The Sell Assessment of Sexual Orientation (SASO) was developed to address the major concerns with the Kinsey Scale and Klein Sexual Orientation Grid and as such, measures sexual orientation on a continuum, considers various dimensions of sexual orientation, and considers homosexuality and heterosexuality separately. Rather than providing a final solution to the question of how to best measure sexual orientation, the SASO is meant to provoke discussion and debate about measurements of sexual orientation.

Question: What types of issues were there with the Kinsey Scale?
Answer: major

Question: How the the SASO different than other scales?
Answer: measures sexual orientation on a continuum, considers various dimensions of sexual orientation, and considers homosexuality and heterosexuality separately

Question: What does the first S stand for in SASO?
Answer: Sell

Question: What does the O stand for in SASO?
Answer: Orientation

Question: What does the A stand for in SASO?
Answer: Assessment

Question: What does the A stand for in SASO?
Answer: Assessment

Question: What does the second S stand for in SASO?
Answer: Sexual

Question: Who developed the scale talked about in the passage?
Answer: Kinsey

Question: What were the original scales to assess sexual orientation?
Answer: the Kinsey Scale and Klein Sexual Orientation Grid

Question: What does the initial S stand for in SASO?
Answer: Sell

Question: How is orientation measured on the SASO?
Answer: on a continuum

Question: What does the second S stand for in SASO?
Answer: Sexual

Question: What was developed to provoke discussion about the assessment of sexual orientation?
Answer: The Sell Assessment of Sexual Orientation (SASO)

Question: What does the O stand for in SASO?
Answer: Orientation
Sexual_orientation

Some researchers, such as Bruce Bagemihl, have criticized the labels "heterosexual" and "homosexual" as confusing and degrading. Bagemihl writes, "...the point of reference for 'heterosexual' or 'homosexual' orientation in this nomenclature is solely the individual's genetic sex prior to reassignment (see for example, Blanchard et al. 1987, Coleman and Bockting, 1988, Blanchard, 1989). These labels thereby ignore the individual's personal sense of gender identity taking precedence over biological sex, rather than the other way around." Bagemihl goes on to take issue with the way this terminology makes it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma.

Question: Why might these words - homosexual and hetero sexual - be offensive to a person after they have surgically changed sexes?
Answer: this nomenclature is solely the individual's genetic sex prior to reassignment

Question: Why does Bagemihl take issue with HETEROSEXUAL and HOMOSEXUAL?
Answer: confusing and degrading

Question: What is the final reasoning provided by Nagemihl for the wording people used for the LGBT community?
Answer: These labels thereby ignore the individual's personal sense of gender identity taking precedence over biological sex, rather than the other way around." Bagemihl goes on to take issue with the way this terminology makes it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma

Question: What does using the labels end up doing indirectly?
Answer: makes it easy to claim transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma

Question: Heterosexual and homosexual preferences are both types of sexual what?
Answer: orientation

Question: What does using the labels say about trans people?
Answer: transsexuals are really homosexual males seeking to escape from stigma

Question: The person who criticized the labels heterosexual and homosexual is a?
Answer: researchers

Question: What terminology makes it easy to target transsexuals?
Answer: labels "heterosexual" and "homosexual"

Question: Heterosexual and homosexual are both what language element?
Answer: labels
Sexual_orientation

In the paper "Who's Gay? Does It Matter?", Ritch Savin-Williams proposes two different approaches to assessing sexual orientation until well positioned and psychometrically sound and tested definitions are developed that would allow research to reliably identify the prevalence, causes, and consequences of homosexuality. He first suggests that greater priority should be given to sexual arousal and attraction over behaviour and identity because it is less prone to self- and other-deception, social conditions and variable meanings. To measure attraction and arousal he proposed that biological measures should be developed and used. There are numerous biological/physiological measures that exist that can measure sexual orientation such as sexual arousal, brain scans, eye tracking, body odour preference, and anatomical variations such as digit-length ratio and right or left handedness. Secondly, Savin-Williams suggests that researchers should forsake the general notion of sexual orientation altogether and assess only those components that are relevant for the research question being investigated. For example:

Question: What method of assessing sexual orientation is affected by social conditions?
Answer: behaviour and identity

Question: What method of assessing sexual orientation is prone to self-deception?
Answer: behaviour and identity

Question: What does Ritch think is less prone to social conditions?
Answer: sexual arousal and attraction

Question: What does Ritch think is less prone to deception?
Answer: sexual arousal and attraction

Question: What was the second approach Savin-Williams proposed in the paper?
Answer: that researchers should forsake the general notion of sexual orientation altogether

Question: What two approaches does Ritch offer to assess sexual orientation?
Answer: first suggests that greater priority should be given to sexual arousal and attraction over behaviour and identity because it is less prone to self- and other-deception, social conditions and variable meanings. To measure attraction and arousal he proposed that biological measures should be developed and used. There are numerous biological/physiological measures that exist that can measure sexual orientation such as sexual arousal, brain scans, eye tracking, body odour preference, and anatomical variations such as digit-length ratio and right or left handedness. Secondly, Savin-Williams suggests that researchers should forsake the general notion of sexual orientation altogether and assess only those components that are relevant

Question: What was the first thing listed that can be used to measure sexual orientation?
Answer: sexual arousal

Question: Who proposed that biological measure should be developed and used?
Answer: Ritch Savin-Williams

Question: What was the second thing listed that can be used to measure sexual orientation?
Answer: brain scans
Sexual_orientation

The earliest writers on sexual orientation usually understood it to be intrinsically linked to the subject's own sex. For example, it was thought that a typical female-bodied person who is attracted to female-bodied persons would have masculine attributes, and vice versa. This understanding was shared by most of the significant theorists of sexual orientation from the mid nineteenth to early twentieth century, such as Karl Heinrich Ulrichs, Richard von Krafft-Ebing, Magnus Hirschfeld, Havelock Ellis, Carl Jung, and Sigmund Freud, as well as many gender-variant homosexual people themselves. However, this understanding of homosexuality as sexual inversion was disputed at the time, and, through the second half of the twentieth century, gender identity came to be increasingly seen as a phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation. Transgender and cisgender people may be attracted to men, women, or both, although the prevalence of different sexual orientations is quite different in these two populations. An individual homosexual, heterosexual or bisexual person may be masculine, feminine, or androgynous, and in addition, many members and supporters of lesbian and gay communities now see the "gender-conforming heterosexual" and the "gender-nonconforming homosexual" as negative stereotypes. Nevertheless, studies by J. Michael Bailey and Kenneth Zucker found a majority of the gay men and lesbians sampled reporting various degrees of gender-nonconformity during their childhood years.

Question: Who was Carl Jung?
Answer: theorists of sexual orientation

Question: A person that is attracted to the same and opposite sex is called?
Answer: bisexual

Question: The founder of psychoanalysis was?
Answer: Sigmund Freud

Question: According to the current understanding, what no longer plays a role in sexual orientation?
Answer: gender identity

Question: What changed about the original views on sexual orientation?
Answer: gender identity came to be increasingly seen as a phenomenon distinct from sexual orientation

Question: Traditionally, agressiveness and ruggedness are traits under which kind of appearance?
Answer: masculine

Question: In the LGBQT community what idea now seen very negatively?
Answer: homosexuality as sexual inversion

Question: A person that is only attracted to the opposite sex is referred to as?
Answer: heterosexual

Question: Who believed a typical female-bodied person who is attracted to female-bodied persons would have masculine attributes?
Answer: The earliest writers

Question: When did views on sexual orientation begin to change?
Answer: second half of the twentieth century

Question: Who thought that a male-bodied person who was attracted to a male bodied person would have feminine attributes?
Answer: The earliest writers

Question: How did the earliest writers feel about sexual orientation?
Answer: homosexuality as sexual inversion

Question: A person with a physical appearance with both male and female characteristics is called?
Answer: androgynous
Sexual_orientation

Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation, but they believe that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences. They favor biologically-based theories, which point to genetic factors, the early uterine environment, both, or the inclusion of genetic and social factors. There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role when it comes to sexual orientation. Research over several decades has demonstrated that sexual orientation ranges along a continuum, from exclusive attraction to the opposite sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex.

Question: Who expresses views regarding sexual orientation in this passage?
Answer: Scientists

Question: What are the two extremes of sexual orientation?
Answer: exclusive attraction to the opposite sex to exclusive attraction to the same sex

Question: What do scientists believe to be the cause?
Answer: a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences

Question: How do scientists view sexual orientation?
Answer: They favor biologically-based theories, which point to genetic factors, the early uterine environment, both, or the inclusion of genetic and social factors

Question: What factors go into the cause?
Answer: genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences

Question: Which of the possible causes mentioned is not sufficiently justified?
Answer: parenting or early childhood experiences

Question: What have scientists found?
Answer: Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation

Question: Adverse life events are __
Answer: social factors

Question: Which theories regarding sexual orientation seem to be most likely according to scientists?
Answer: biologically-based theories

Question: What is a key takeaway?
Answer: There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role when it comes to sexual orientation

Question: What does research show about sexual orientation?
Answer: they believe that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences

Question: What does the passage claim about the status of knowledge the scientists have regarding sexual orientation?
Answer: do not know

Question: Hormones are __
Answer: genetic factors

Question: What was founded?
Answer: There is no substantive evidence which suggests parenting or early childhood experiences play a role when it comes to sexual orientation

Question: How does society factor in?
Answer: They favor biologically-based theories, which point to genetic factors, the early uterine environment, both, or the inclusion of genetic and social factors

Question: Where do hormones fit into the equation?
Answer: Scientists do not know the exact cause of sexual orientation, but they believe that it is caused by a complex interplay of genetic, hormonal, and environmental influences