UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Eritrea

In its 2014 Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders ranked the media environment in Eritrea at the very bottom of a list of 178 countries, just below totalitarian North Korea. According to the BBC, "Eritrea is the only African country to have no privately owned news media", and Reporters Without Borders said of the public media, "[they] do nothing but relay the regime's belligerent and ultra-nationalist discourse. ... Not a single [foreign correspondent] now lives in Asmara." The state-owned news agency censors news about external events. Independent media have been banned since 2001. In 2015, The Guardian published an opinion piece claiming,

Question: What is the name for the type of officials who examine material such as books to suppress any parts they find unacceptable based on security or politics?
Answer: censors

Question: In what year, did Ghirmay Ghebreslassie become the first Eritrean to win a gold medal at the World Championships?
Answer: 2015

Question: Which country is ranked at position 180 for the 2014 Press Freedom Index made by Reporters Without Borders?
Answer: Eritrea

Question: In the 2014 release of its Press Freedom Index, Reporters Without Borders list what country at position 179?
Answer: North Korea

Question: What has Reporters Without Borders stated of Eritrea?
Answer: "[they] do nothing but relay the regime's belligerent and ultra-nationalist discourse. ... Not a single [foreign correspondent] now lives in Asmara."

Question: Which of the following is a human rights nonprofit: The Guardian or Reporters Without Borders, or Eritrea?
Answer: Reporters Without Borders

Question: Who came in dead last in the 2014 Press Freedom Index?
Answer: Eritrea

Question: Which is worse, North Korea or Eritrea?
Answer: Eritrea

Question: Which of the following does not characterize the Eritrean government's message: belligerent, independent or ultra-nationalist?
Answer: Independent

Question: Who came in second-to-last in the 2014 Press Freedom Index?
Answer: North Korea

Question: What non-profit and non-govermental organization headquartered in Paris was formed in 1985 by Robert Ménard?
Answer: Reporters Without Borders
Political_corruption

Alternative approaches, such as the British aid agency's Drivers of Change research, skips numbers and promotes understanding corruption via political economy analysis of who controls power in a given society.

Question: What word is borrowed from the Latin word of way/road, which use in the English language means by way of?
Answer: via

Question: In electrical circuits or systems, what value can be determined by multiplying a system's voltage by its current?
Answer: power

Question: What is a standard way to see corruption?
Answer: numbers

Question: What means to move along lightly, stepping from one foot to the other via a hop?
Answer: skips

Question: People who come from Britain and associate themselves as such are called?
Answer: British

Question: What is Driver's of Change's role?
Answer: British aid agency

Question: What can be seen in an economy analysis?
Answer: corruption

Question: What describes a politician that acts dishonestly or conducts illegal actions while elected?
Answer: corruption
Political_corruption

Ultimately, the distinction between public and private sector corruption sometimes appears rather artificial, and national anti-corruption initiatives may need to avoid legal and other loopholes in the coverage of the instruments.

Question: What needs to be covered?
Answer: instruments

Question: What are bad in the instruments?
Answer: loopholes

Question: What are to be fixed?
Answer: loopholes in the coverage of the instruments

Question: Corruption initiatives were created on what level?
Answer: national

Question: What can be treated in the same way legally?
Answer: public and private sector corruption

Question: What appears to be fake?
Answer: distinction between public and private sector corruption
Political_corruption

Corruption facilitates environmental destruction. While corrupt societies may have formal legislation to protect the environment, it cannot be enforced if officials can easily be bribed. The same applies to social rights worker protection, unionization prevention, and child labor. Violation of these laws rights enables corrupt countries to gain illegitimate economic advantage in the international market.

Question: The Factory Acts, meant to curb __, were passed in the UK in the 19th century.
Answer: child labor

Question: What would a normal citizen face extreme sanctions for?
Answer: Violation of these laws rights

Question: What effects the finances of the population as a whole?
Answer: corrupt societies

Question: What do some untrustworthy leaders hold on to despite their immoral behavior?
Answer: formal legislation to protect the environment

Question: What other corruption is happening besides environmental?
Answer: social rights worker protection, unionization prevention, and child labor

Question: Income from __ can be up to 40% of a household budget.
Answer: child labor

Question: What happens when officials are bribed?
Answer: environmental destruction

Question: The corruption of society is mostly due to what factor?
Answer: officials can easily be bribed

Question: What happens after electing an untrustworthy person to lead our country?
Answer: environmental destruction

Question: illegitimite economic advantage is gained by what means?
Answer: Violation of these laws rights

Question: What is one the key factors in corruption in societies?
Answer: officials can easily be bribed

Question: What occurs as a result of not being able to enforce laws due to bribery?
Answer: environmental destruction

Question: In what way are lives made difficult?
Answer: Corruption

Question: What is effected by corruption?
Answer: the environment, it cannot be enforced if officials can easily be bribed. The same applies to social rights worker protection, unionization prevention, and child labor

Question: Proposals that prohibit __ enterd the public arena in 1786.
Answer: child labor
Political_corruption

A number of parties have collected survey data, from the public and from experts, to try and gauge the level of corruption and bribery, as well as its impact on political and economic outcomes. A second wave of corruption metrics has been created by Global Integrity, the International Budget Partnership, and many lesser known local groups. These metrics include the Global Integrity Index, first published in 2004. These second wave projects aim to create policy change by identifying resources more effectively and creating checklists toward incremental reform. Global Integrity and the International Budget Partnership each dispense with public surveys and instead uses in-country experts to evaluate "the opposite of corruption" – which Global Integrity defines as the public policies that prevent, discourage, or expose corruption. These approaches compliment the first wave, awareness-raising tools by giving governments facing public outcry a checklist which measures concrete steps toward improved governance.

Question: How are the second wave tools being utilized?
Answer: compliment the first wave, awareness-raising tools by giving governments facing public outcry a checklist which measures concrete steps toward improved governance

Question: Which of the following is a corruption metric: second wave, the Global Integrity Index, or the International Budget Partnership?
Answer: Global Integrity Index

Question: Why is Global Integrity different?
Answer: uses in-country experts

Question: What is the study researching?
Answer: the level of corruption and bribery

Question: What's different about later studies?
Answer: Global Integrity and the International Budget Partnership each dispense with public surveys and instead uses in-country experts to evaluate "the opposite of corruption"

Question: Many local groups have corruption metrics, why are they different?
Answer: metrics include the Global Integrity Index

Question: What is it looking to find?
Answer: its impact on political and economic outcomes

Question: Which wave offers concrete checklists to governments in need of improvement?
Answer: second

Question: How is corruption calculated?
Answer: Global Integrity defines as the public policies that prevent, discourage, or expose corruption

Question: Which of the following is NOT an example of "the opposite of corruption": to prevent corruption, to expose corruption, or in-country experts?
Answer: in-country experts

Question: By creating policy change, Global intergrity battles what?
Answer: the opposite of corruption

Question: What was spawned from the next group of values?
Answer: Global Integrity Index
Political_corruption

If the highest echelons of the governments also take advantage from corruption or embezzlement from the state's treasury, it is sometimes referred with the neologism kleptocracy. Members of the government can take advantage of the natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries. A number of corrupt governments have enriched themselves via foreign aid, which is often spent on showy buildings and armaments.

Question: Foreign aid being spent on showy buildings and armaments instead of helping the people is an example of?
Answer: corruption

Question: If a government is not considered just, what might it be?
Answer: corrupt

Question: What do some officials do with funds received from fellow nation states?
Answer: enriched themselves

Question: Which of the following is not a natural resource: diamonds, oil, or buildings?
Answer: buildings

Question: Which of the following is not purchased with foreign aid: buildings, armaments, or diamonds?
Answer: diamonds

Question: What does a country use to protect themselves from outside threat?
Answer: armaments

Question: What would a normal citizen be harshly punished for?
Answer: embezzlement

Question: What is it called when an official steals money from the nation state they are working for?
Answer: embezzlement

Question: What might suggest that someone has stolen money in some way?
Answer: showy buildings and armaments

Question: Outside of actual cash, how can corrupt politicians seek gains?
Answer: natural resources (e.g., diamonds and oil in a few prominent cases) or state-owned productive industries

Question: Oil is a type of?
Answer: natural resources

Question: The treasury is part of the?
Answer: governments

Question: Ill gotten money is considered to have been what?
Answer: embezzlement

Question: Which of the following is a form of kleptocracy: corruption, neologism, or echelons?
Answer: corruption
Political_corruption

Further conventions were adopted at the regional level under the aegis of the Organization of American States (OAS or OEA), the African Union, and in 2003, at the universal level under that of the United Nations Convention against Corruption.

Question: what is OAS otherwise known?
Answer: Organization of American States

Question: AU refers to?
Answer: African Union

Question: what international society came third?
Answer: United Nations

Question: What does the A in "OAS" stand for?
Answer: American

Question: What does the "O" in "OAS" stand for?
Answer: Organization

Question: What does the O in "OAS" stand for?
Answer: Organization

Question: What does the S in "OAS" stand for?
Answer: States

Question: what wa welcomed by the mentioned societies?
Answer: Further conventions

Question: What does the "A" in "OAS" stand for?
Answer: American

Question: What does the "S" in "OAS" stand for?
Answer: States
Political_corruption

An analysis of the evolution of mass media in the US and Europe since World War II noted mixed results from the growth of the Internet: "The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press": It has disrupted traditional sources of funding, and new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost.

Question: What is a negative fact about the digital revolution?
Answer: new forms of Internet journalism have replaced only a tiny fraction of what's been lost

Question: What has come from the internet?
Answer: new forms of Internet journalism

Question: What effect has it had on necessary forms of income?
Answer: disrupted

Question: What thing happened before the point these stats are being accounted for?
Answer: World War II

Question: How has it affected people?
Answer: The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information

Question: what was greeted with mixed effects?
Answer: digital revolution

Question: what is the subject?
Answer: mass media

Question: internet is what?
Answer: mass media

Question: What was used to make conclusions about internet growth?
Answer: analysis

Question: When caused a change in the media?
Answer: the growth of the Internet

Question: What type of news fails to fill the gap?
Answer: Internet

Question: What right do people feel may be being abused?
Answer: freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press"

Question: What is making the rights be debated?
Answer: growth of the Internet

Question: what brought about freedom of information?
Answer: digital revolution

Question: What damaged mass media?
Answer: Internet

Question: What hasn't grown as well as another related type of growth?
Answer: freedom of the press

Question: How did the internet change the media?
Answer: The digital revolution has been good for freedom of expression [and] information [but] has had mixed effects on freedom of the press
Political_corruption

There are two methods of corruption of the judiciary: the state (through budget planning and various privileges), and the private. Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers, as it creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary. The proper national wealth distribution including the government spending on the judiciary is subject of the constitutional economics. Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries.

Question: What ways does it describe one of the the two methods can do to be considered corrupt?
Answer: through budget planning and various privileges

Question: What does the judiciary branch depend on for budgeting?
Answer: the state

Question: Where is separation of powers less likely to be observed?
Answer: transitional and developing countries

Question: Why is it problematic to have the executive branch control the judiciary's funding?
Answer: undermines the separation of powers

Question: Government spending refers to which method of corruption?
Answer: the state

Question: What is hard to eliminate?
Answer: Judicial corruption

Question: If the state is completely open and honest, through what means might the judiciary still be corrupted?
Answer: the private

Question: What undermines the separation of powers?
Answer: the private

Question: What creates a critical financial dependence of the judiciary?
Answer: the private

Question: What would national wealth distribution also have in it that is also the subject of the constitutional economics?
Answer: the government

Question: The budget of judiciary is controlled by the executive mostly, what is the end result of that?
Answer: Budget of the judiciary in many transitional and developing countries is almost completely controlled by the executive. The latter undermines the separation of powers

Question: Of the two ways the judiciary can be corrupted, which is sometimes controlled by an executive?
Answer: the state

Question: Where is not safe even so from corruption of the judicial?
Answer: Judicial corruption can be difficult to completely eradicate, even in developed countries

Question: Budget is mainly in the power of which branch?
Answer: the executive

Question: Where is the judicial branch more likely to have financial independence?
Answer: developed countries
Political_corruption

A corrupt dictatorship typically results in many years of general hardship and suffering for the vast majority of citizens as civil society and the rule of law disintegrate. In addition, corrupt dictators routinely ignore economic and social problems in their quest to amass ever more wealth and power.

Question: Who does wealth and power not help when corruption runs rampant?
Answer: citizens

Question: What does corruption in the government mean for society as a whole?
Answer: suffering

Question: What does a corrupt dictatorship concern about?
Answer: wealth and power

Question: In what way does corruption help those in power?
Answer: to amass ever more wealth and power

Question: What are most affected under a corrupt dictatorship?
Answer: economic and social problems

Question: Who does corruption of the government benefit?
Answer: dictators

Question: Who would want the corruption to end?
Answer: citizens
Political_corruption

The United States accused Manuel Noriega's government in Panama of being a "narcokleptocracy", a corrupt government profiting on illegal drug trade. Later the U.S. invaded Panama and captured Noriega.

Question: The United States took what action after accusing Noriega?
Answer: invaded Panama

Question: What happened to Noriega?
Answer: captured

Question: Where did the invading force come from?
Answer: U.S

Question: How did panama benefit from the drug trade?
Answer: profiting

Question: What was the US on the lookout for in Panama?
Answer: illegal drug trade

Question: When the US said Panama's government was corrupt, what was the US doing?
Answer: accused

Question: The government which profited on illegal drug trade could be described as politically?
Answer: corrupt

Question: Manuel Noriega represents?
Answer: Panama
Bird_migration

Many, if not most, birds migrate in flocks. For larger birds, flying in flocks reduces the energy cost. Geese in a V-formation may conserve 12–20% of the energy they would need to fly alone. Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina were found in radar studies to fly 5 km/h (3.1 mph) faster in flocks than when they were flying alone.

Question: How many birds migrate in flocks?
Answer: most

Question: While saving energy is a big benefit, which feathered animals experience another benefit of getting to their destination sooner?
Answer: Red knots Calidris canutus and dunlins Calidris alpina

Question: What type of animal is most often seen traveling with friends?
Answer: birds

Question: Flying with friends is less tiring for which type of feathered beings?
Answer: larger birds

Question: What species conserve energy by traveling together?
Answer: birds

Question: For heavier feathered animals, how can traveling with friends be helpful?
Answer: reduces the energy cost

Question: What is dunlins Calidris alpina?
Answer: birds

Question: What is Red knots Calidris canutus?
Answer: birds

Question: Do large birds fly slower in flocks or when they are flying alone?
Answer: flying alone

Question: What are Geese?
Answer: larger birds

Question: If a goose were feeling tired in the sky, how would it want to avoid traveling?
Answer: fly alone

Question: What species is the Red Knot Calidris Canutus?
Answer: birds
Bird_migration

Aristotle noted that cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile. Pliny the Elder, in his Historia Naturalis, repeats Aristotle's observations.

Question: Who created this theory?
Answer: Aristotle

Question: Who was not referred to as the Elder?
Answer: Aristotle

Question: Where did a person agree with the other person about where the cranes went?
Answer: in his Historia Naturalis

Question: What specific word in one philosopher's name implies that he is old?
Answer: Elder

Question: Where did the moving things end up?
Answer: the Nile

Question: What went from one place to another?
Answer: cranes

Question: What did Aristotle write that Pliny also observed?
Answer: cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile

Question: Who did not write Historia Naturalis?
Answer: Aristotle

Question: What did Pliny write about the cranes in his Historia Naturalis?
Answer: cranes traveled from the steppes of Scythia to marshes at the headwaters of the Nile

Question: Who agreed with the person who noticed the cranes movement?
Answer: Pliny the Elder
Bird_migration

Short-distance passerine migrants have two evolutionary origins. Those that have long-distance migrants in the same family, such as the common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita, are species of southern hemisphere origins that have progressively shortened their return migration to stay in the northern hemisphere.

Question: The migrants in the same family are considered to be what?
Answer: long-distance

Question: Where do the migrations occur
Answer: northern hemisphere

Question: The beginnings of the short-distance evolution is also called what one word?
Answer: origins

Question: The shortening of the return of migration has what?
Answer: progressively shortened

Question: What mix in the short-distance migrants?
Answer: long-distance migrants

Question: What is a characteristic of chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita?
Answer: passerine

Question: Where are the long-distance migrants from?
Answer: southern hemisphere

Question: Which birds have southern hemisphere origins?
Answer: long-distance migrants

Question: Where do they not go back too
Answer: southern hemisphere

Question: Where did the long distance ones come from
Answer: southern hemisphere
Bird_migration

In polygynous species with considerable sexual dimorphism, males tend to return earlier to the breeding sites than their females. This is termed protandry.

Question: Who is known for being late to the breeding grounds, males of females?
Answer: females

Question: Protandry is a behavior concerning what?
Answer: polygynous species

Question: What is it when a male in a  polygynous species beats the female in coming back to where they breed?
Answer: protandry

Question: Under protandry, observed in certain species, some females are made from?
Answer: males

Question: Reproduction where one male reproduces or mates with multiple females of the same species is called?
Answer: polygynous

Question: How do females move forward?
Answer: males tend to return earlier to the breeding sites than their females

Question: Species where you can differentiate males and females due to differing traits and appearance beyond reproductive organs is called?
Answer: dimorphism

Question: How do you describe the order of arrival to the breeding grounds?
Answer: males tend to return earlier

Question: The form of polygamy where a man has multiple wifes is called?
Answer: polygynous

Question: What are these males and females considered to have?
Answer: sexual dimorphism

Question: Using a purchase receipt, a customer can bring a purchased product back to the store for credit or a refund, in a process called a?
Answer: return