UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Portugal

Since the Carnation Revolution of 1974, which culminated in the end of one of Portugal's most notable phases of economic expansion (that started in the 1960s), a significant change has occurred in the nation's annual economic growth.[citation needed] After the turmoil of the 1974 revolution and the PREC period, Portugal tried to adapt to a changing modern global economy, a process that continues in 2013. Since the 1990s, Portugal's public consumption-based economic development model has been slowly changing to a system that is focused on exports, private investment and the development of the high-tech sector. Consequently, business services have overtaken more traditional industries such as textiles, clothing, footwear and cork (Portugal is the world's leading cork producer), wood products and beverages.

Question: Portugal is the top maker one thing but not what?
Answer: textiles, clothing, footwear

Question: What happened fourteen years after Portugal's economy started to improve?
Answer: Carnation Revolution

Question: What types consumable industry did Portugal have in the 1980s?
Answer: beverages

Question: What happened after 1974 that impacted Portugal's economy?
Answer: PREC period

Question: Portugal is a?
Answer: the nation

Question: What type of economy did Portugal have forty years ago?
Answer: public consumption-based

Question: The Carnation Revolution happened in?
Answer: Portugal

Question: What is still developing for the whole nation?
Answer: economy

Question: Portugal's economy is centered on what related to financial transactions?
Answer: private investment

Question: When did Portugal stop adapting to the global economy?
Answer: a process that continues
Portugal

Adventurer and poet Luís de Camões (c. 1524–1580) wrote the epic poem "Os Lusíadas" (The Lusiads), with Virgil's Aeneid as his main influence. Modern Portuguese poetry is rooted in neoclassic and contemporary styles, as exemplified by Fernando Pessoa (1888–1935). Modern Portuguese literature is represented by authors such as Almeida Garrett, Camilo Castelo Branco, Eça de Queiroz, Fernando Pessoa, Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen, António Lobo Antunes and Miguel Torga. Particularly popular and distinguished is José Saramago, recipient of the 1998 Nobel Prize in Literature.

Question: In what period did Torga work?
Answer: Modern

Question: Who wroted classic protuguese literature in the 16th century?
Answer: Adventurer and poet Luís de Camões (c. 1524–1580)

Question: Who lived longer, Luís de Camões or Fernando Pessoa?
Answer: Luís de Camões

Question: What is Andersen's occupation?
Answer: authors

Question: In what period did Pessoa work?
Answer: Modern

Question: When was Luís de Camões brought out of the world?
Answer: 1580

Question: What was the inspiratiin behind Luis De Camoes wrting Os Lusaides
Answer: Virgil's Aeneid

Question: Who died later,  Luís de Camões or Fernando Pessoa?
Answer: Fernando Pessoa

Question: What is Pessoa occupation?
Answer: poetry

Question: What style did Pessoa use for writing?
Answer: neoclassic and contemporary styles

Question: Who was born later,  Luís de Camões or Fernando Pessoa?
Answer: Fernando Pessoa

Question: What is Saramago's occupation?
Answer: authors
Portugal

Passos Coelho also announced that the retirement age will be increased from 65 to 66, announced cuts in the pensions, unemployment benefits, health, education and science expenses, abolished the English obligatory classes in Basic Education, but kept the pensions of the judges, diplomats untouched and didn't raise the retirement age of the military and police forces. He has, however, cut meaningfully the politicians salaries. These policies have led to social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions, namely between the Government and the Constitutional Court. Several individualities belonging to the parties that support the government have also raised their voices against the policies that have been taken in order to try to solve the financial crisis.

Question: What happened to education expenses?
Answer: cuts

Question: Who did Coehlo allow to maintain their retirement age
Answer: military and police forces

Question: What do you call those uniformed men and women who enforce the law?
Answer: police

Question: How were most older people effected by the attempts at saving the financial crisis?
Answer: retirement age will be increased

Question: What was the second announcement?
Answer: cuts in the pensions

Question: How did people react to the changes Passos Coelho made?
Answer: These policies have led to social unrest and to confrontations between several institutions, namely between the Government and the Constitutional Court

Question: What do you call those who go to war?
Answer: the military

Question: Who is mentioned from the very beginning?
Answer: Passos Coelho

Question: Who got a pay cut?
Answer: the politicians

Question: What was the motive behind Coehlo's decisions?
Answer: solve the financial crisis

Question: What did Coehlo's attampts at solving the financial process do to elementary school classes?
Answer: abolished the English obligatory classes

Question: Who gets to retire at 65?
Answer: military and police forces

Question: Why are changes being made to employment and education?
Answer: to try to solve the financial crisis

Question: What profession bypassed recieving pension cuts
Answer: judges

Question: What was raised to age 66?
Answer: the retirement age
Portugal

The Ministry of Health is responsible for developing health policy as well as managing the SNS. Five regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery. Decentralization efforts have aimed at shifting financial and management responsibility to the regional level. In practice, however, the autonomy of regional health administrations over budget setting and spending has been limited to primary care.

Question: How does the organization perform its role?
Answer: Five regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery

Question: How did the regional level differ?
Answer: Five regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives

Question: How did the organization function?
Answer: Five regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery

Question: Who in the Ministry presides over the health goals put into action
Answer: Five regional health administrations

Question: What does the Ministry handle besides health policy
Answer: SNS

Question: What is the happening when  health care is being taken down to more of a local level
Answer: Decentralization

Question: What is the theory of the functions?
Answer: Decentralization efforts have aimed at shifting financial and management responsibility to the regional level

Question: How does the regional level work?
Answer: Five regional health administrations are in charge of implementing the national health policy objectives, developing guidelines and protocols and supervising health care delivery
Portugal

Tourist hotspots in Portugal are Lisbon, Algarve, Madeira, Porto and the city of Coimbra, also, between 4-5 million religious pilgrims visit Fátima each year, where apparitions of the Blessed Virgin Mary to three shepherd children reportedly took place in 1917. The Sanctuary of Fátima is one of the largest Roman Catholic shrines in the world. The Portuguese government continues to promote and develop new tourist destinations, such as the Douro Valley, the island of Porto Santo, and Alentejo. Lisbon is the 16th European city which attracts the most tourists (with seven million tourists occupying the city's hotels in 2006, a number that grew 11.8% compared to previous year). Lisbon in recent years surpassed the Algarve as the leading tourist region in Portugal. Porto and Northern Portugal, especially the urban areas north of Douro River valley, was the tourist destination which grew most (11.9%) in 2006, surpassing Madeira (in 2010), as the third most visited destination.[citation needed]

Question: What is the second tourist hotspot in Portugal mentioned?
Answer: Algarve

Question: Which of the following is not a tourist hotspot in Portugal: Lisbon, Algarve, or the Blessed Virgin Mary?
Answer: the Blessed Virgin Mary

Question: Which tourist hotspot in Portugal has a second letter of a?
Answer: Madeira

Question: What number grew more than 11% in 2006?
Answer: tourists occupying the city's hotels

Question: Which of the following is a tourist hotspot in Portugal: Lisbon, the Portuguese government, or the Blessed Virgin Mary?
Answer: Lisbon

Question: What is Madeira?
Answer: Tourist hotspots

Question: What is the third most visited destination in Portugal?
Answer: Porto and Northern Portugal

Question: what is the leading tourist region in Portugal?
Answer: Lisbon

Question: what is Porto?
Answer: Tourist hotspots

Question: Which tourist hotspot in Portugal begins with the letter A?
Answer: Algarve

Question: Where did apparitions reportedly  show up in 1917?
Answer: Fátima

Question: what is the third most visited destination?
Answer: Porto and Northern Portugal
Portugal

Portugal's colonial history has long since been a cornerstone of its national identity, as has its geographic position at the south-western corner of Europe, looking out into the Atlantic Ocean. It was one of the last western colonial European powers to give up its overseas territories (among them Angola and Mozambique in 1975), turning over the administration of Macau to the People's Republic of China at the end of 1999. Consequently, it has both influenced and been influenced by cultures from former colonies or dependencies, resulting in immigration from these former territories for both economic and/or personal reasons. Portugal, long a country of emigration (the vast majority of Brazilians have Portuguese ancestry), has now become a country of net immigration, and not just from the last Indian (Portuguese until 1961), African (Portuguese until 1975), and Far East Asian (Portuguese until 1999) overseas territories. An estimated 800,000 Portuguese returned to Portugal as the country's African possessions gained independence in 1975. By 2007, Portugal had 10,617,575 inhabitants of whom about 332,137 were legal immigrants.

Question: What was the last country that Portugal gave up as a territory?
Answer: Macau

Question: Who gave up Angola?
Answer: Portugal

Question: Why did people immigrate to Portugal?
Answer: economic and/or personal reasons

Question: Who formally administered Macau?
Answer: Portugal

Question: Who controlled Mozambique before 1975?
Answer: Portugal

Question: Who controlled Angola before 1975?
Answer: Portugal

Question: What countries did Portugal once control?
Answer: Angola and Mozambique

Question: What does Portugal border?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean

Question: Who controlled India until 1961?
Answer: Portugal

Question: Who originally controlled Macau?
Answer: Portugal
Portugal

The poor performance of the Portuguese economy was explored in April 2007 by The Economist, which described Portugal as "a new sick man of Europe". From 2002 to 2007, the number of unemployed increased by 65% (270,500 unemployed citizens in 2002, 448,600 unemployed citizens in 2007). By early December 2009, the unemployment rate had reached 10.2% – a 23-year record high. In December 2009, ratings agency Standard & Poor's lowered its long-term credit assessment of Portugal to "negative" from "stable," voicing pessimism on the country's structural weaknesses in the economy and weak competitiveness that would hamper growth and the capacity to strengthen its public finances and reduce debt. In July 2011, ratings agency Moody's downgraded its long-term credit assessment of Portugal after warning of deteriorating risk of default in March 2011.

Question: What is the second ratings agency mentioned?
Answer: Moody's

Question: Which ratings agency lowered its long-term credit assessment of Portugal second?
Answer: Moody's

Question: Were there fewer unemployed citizens in 2002 or 2007?
Answer: 2002

Question: What happened second, the poor performance of the Portuguese economy was explored or the unemployment rate had reached 10.2%?
Answer: the unemployment rate had reached 10.2%
University

European higher education took place for hundreds of years in Christian cathedral schools or monastic schools (scholae monasticae), in which monks and nuns taught classes; evidence of these immediate forerunners of the later university at many places dates back to the 6th century. The earliest universities were developed under the aegis of the Latin Church by papal bull as studia generalia and perhaps from cathedral schools. It is possible, however, that the development of cathedral schools into universities was quite rare, with the University of Paris being an exception. Later they were also founded by Kings (University of Naples Federico II, Charles University in Prague, Jagiellonian University in Kraków) or municipal administrations (University of Cologne, University of Erfurt). In the early medieval period, most new universities were founded from pre-existing schools, usually when these schools were deemed to have become primarily sites of higher education. Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries.

Question: Which of the following was founded by a king: the University of Cologne, the University of Naples Federico II, or the University of Erfurt?
Answer: University of Naples Federico II

Question: Which came first, University of Erfurt or monastic schools?
Answer: monastic schools

Question: Which came first, University of Cologne or monastic schools?
Answer: monastic schools

Question: Which came first, Jagiellonian University in Krakow or monastic schools?
Answer: monastic schools

Question: Which came first, the University of Naples Federico II or monastic schools?
Answer: monastic schools

Question: Which of the following did not teach classes: monks, kings, or nuns?
Answer: Kings

Question: How did education continue church learning?
Answer: It is possible, however, that the development of cathedral schools into universities was quite rare

Question: How did education change throughout the centuries?
Answer: The earliest universities were developed under the aegis of the Latin Church by papal bull as studia generalia and perhaps from cathedral schools

Question: Which came first, University of Naples Federico II or University of Paris?
Answer: University of Paris

Question: How did higher education mimic monastic schools?
Answer: The earliest universities were developed under the aegis of the Latin Church by papal bull as studia generalia and perhaps from cathedral schools

Question: Which of the following did not found universities: kings, historians, or municipal administrations?
Answer: historians

Question: What was the goal of early learning?
Answer: interest in learning promoted by monasteries

Question: How was education viewed?
Answer: Many historians state that universities and cathedral schools were a continuation of the interest in learning promoted by monasteries
University

The original Latin word "universitas" refers in general to "a number of persons associated into one body, a society, company, community, guild, corporation, etc." At the time of the emergence of urban town life and medieval guilds, specialised "associations of students and teachers with collective legal rights usually guaranteed by charters issued by princes, prelates, or the towns in which they were located" came to be denominated by this general term. Like other guilds, they were self-regulating and determined the qualifications of their members.

Question: Who ran initially ran universities?
Answer: they were self-regulating

Question: the word by nature is?
Answer: Latin

Question: what is been discussed?
Answer: universitas

Question: Who allowed communities to have certain privileges that could not be denied?
Answer: princes, prelates, or the towns in which they were located

Question: what was the third  word in the first paragraph?
Answer: Latin

Question: what was the last word in the passage?
Answer: members

Question: Who ultimately ensured the rights of members of a university?
Answer: princes, prelates, or the towns in which they were located

Question: How would you identify these groups with one word?
Answer: universitas

Question: How were people ranked within a community?
Answer: they were self-regulating and determined the qualifications of their members

Question: What modeled the operation structure of the universities?
Answer: guilds

Question: What gave the guilds their protection of their privileges that could not be denied?
Answer: charters

Question: What is the origination of the term universities?
Answer: Latin
University

Colloquially, the term university may be used to describe a phase in one's life: "When I was at university..." (in the United States and Ireland, college is often used instead: "When I was in college..."). In Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, Nigeria, the Netherlands, Spain and the German-speaking countries university is often contracted to uni. In Ghana, New Zealand and in South Africa it is sometimes called "varsity" (although this has become uncommon in New Zealand in recent years). "Varsity" was also common usage in the UK in the 19th century.[citation needed] "Varsity" is still in common usage in Scotland.

Question: How can you improve the text?
Answer: [citation needed

Question: What word for university in not used in South Africa?
Answer: university

Question: What word is not used in New Zealand?
Answer: college

Question: Besides a place, university also means?
Answer: a phase in one's life

Question: What is word not used in Scotland?
Answer: college

Question: What word describing one's alma mater is not used in United States?
Answer: university

Question: What term did the UK used to use to describe a period of time during someone's school aged years?
Answer: Varsity

Question: What term are people in Ireland not using when they talk about a time in their life?
Answer: university

Question: University can be called college, varsity, or?
Answer: uni

Question: University is called what in the USA?
Answer: college
University

All over Europe rulers and city governments began to create universities to satisfy a European thirst for knowledge, and the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions. Princes and leaders of city governments perceived the potential benefits of having a scholarly expertise develop with the ability to address difficult problems and achieve desired ends. The emergence of humanism was essential to this understanding of the possible utility of universities as well as the revival of interest in knowledge gained from ancient Greek texts.

Question: what ethnicity is mentioned last?
Answer: Greek

Question: What did the universities study?
Answer: ancient Greek texts

Question: What country helped drive the thirst?
Answer: ancient Greek

Question: What activity did the ancient Greeks contribute to Europe in the article?
Answer: interest in knowledge

Question: What is another name for school?
Answer: universities

Question: what types of roles are mentioned first?
Answer: rulers

Question: what ethnicity is mentioned first?
Answer: European

Question: What would come of this venture as a whole?
Answer: utility of universities as well as the revival of interest in knowledge

Question: What was the proposed layman gain?
Answer: scholarly expertise

Question: Why specifically were universities created, besides knowledge?
Answer: the belief that society would benefit from the scholarly expertise generated from these institutions

Question: what area is mentioned first?
Answer: Europe

Question: what type of places are mentioned last?
Answer: universities

Question: What were the rulers belief?
Answer: potential benefits of having a scholarly expertise develop with the ability to address difficult problems and achieve desired ends
Royal_assent

Royal assent is sometimes associated with elaborate ceremonies. In the United Kingdom, for instance, the sovereign may appear personally in the House of Lords or may appoint Lords Commissioners, who announce that royal assent has been granted at a ceremony held at the Palace of Westminster. However, royal assent is usually granted less ceremonially by letters patent. In other nations, such as Australia, the governor-general merely signs the bill. In Canada, the governor general may give assent either in person at a ceremony held in the Senate or by a written declaration notifying parliament of his or her agreement to the bill.

Question: where can we find Palace of Westminister?
Answer: United Kingdom

Question: How does the UK symbolize their tradition for the assent?
Answer: elaborate ceremonies

Question: what state starts with U in the passage?
Answer: United Kingdom

Question: What country listed has French as one of its official languages
Answer: Canada

Question: Who might be most efficient in terms of issuing the royal assent?
Answer: Australia

Question: Wha country listed follows the UKs royal assent protocol the most.
Answer: Canada

Question: what is been discussed?
Answer: Royal assent

Question: What might be considered the most elaborate of the ceremonies?
Answer: sovereign may appear personally

Question: what state starts with C in the passage?
Answer: Canada

Question: What country besides the UK has ceremonies for royal assent
Answer: Canada
Royal_assent

Instead, the monarch directly grants royal assent by Order in Council. Assent is granted or refused on the advice of the Lord Chancellor. A recent example when assent was refused (or, more correctly, when the Lord Chancellor declined to present the law for assent) was in 2007, concerning reforms to the constitution of the Chief Pleas of Sark. (A revised version of the proposed reforms was subsequently given assent.) In 2011, campaigners against a law that sought to reduce the number of senators in the states of Jersey petitioned the Privy Council to advise the Queen to refuse royal assent. An Order in Council of 13 July 2011 established new rules for the consideration of petitions against granting royal assent.

Question: The potential assent of what caused a petition to be presented to the Privy Council in 2011?
Answer: law that sought to reduce the number of senators in the states of Jersey

Question: What non-royal dignitary has a large amount of say in the granting of royal assent?
Answer: Lord Chancellor

Question: What change happened in the process of considering public input about royal assent?
Answer: An Order in Council of 13 July 2011 established new rules for the consideration of petitions against granting royal assent

Question: Who would have refused assent in the council in 2011?
Answer: Queen

Question: Who, other than the Lord Chancellor, can influence the queen's decision to give or decline a law's approval?
Answer: the Privy Council

Question: What is the queen's power over proposed law?
Answer: royal assent

Question: What happened after assent concerning the constitution of the Chief Pleas of Sark was refused ?
Answer: revised version of the proposed reforms was subsequently given

Question: Where was assent determined in 2007?
Answer: Sark

Question: What was to be revised had royal assent been given in 2007?
Answer: constitution of the Chief Pleas of Sark

Question: How did the Queen's subordinate ensure that a proposed law would never be considered by the Queen?
Answer: declined to present the law

Question: With whom does the Queen confer before giving or declining approval?
Answer: the Lord Chancellor