UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Nigeria

According to the International Organization for Migration, Nigeria witnessed a dramatic increase in remittances sent home from overseas Nigerians, going from USD 2.3 billion in 2004 to 17.9 billion in 2007. The United States accounts for the largest portion of official remittances, followed by the United Kingdom, Italy, Canada, Spain and France. On the African continent, Egypt, Equatorial Guinea, Chad, Libya and South Africa are important source countries of remittance flows to Nigeria, while China is the biggest remittance-sending country in Asia.

Question: Which country accounts for a smaller portion of official remittances, Canada or Spain?
Answer: Spain

Question: Which country accounts for a smaller portion of official remittances, Canada or France?
Answer: France

Question: What African country lists Berber and Libyan Arabic as its main languages spoken?
Answer: Libya

Question: What were the findings?
Answer: 17.9 billion

Question: What landlocked country in Africa has N'Djamena as its largest city and as its capital?
Answer: Chad

Question: When were remittances sent home from overseas Nigerians higher than 2.5 billion, 2004 or 2007?
Answer: 2007

Question: Which country accounts for a smaller portion of official remittances, the United Kingdom or Italy?
Answer: Italy

Question: Which country accounts for a larger portion of official remittances, Canada or Italy?
Answer: Italy

Question: Pharaohs were a type of leader in the past associated with divinity from what country?
Answer: Egypt

Question: When was the latest figure studied?
Answer: 2007

Question: Have more or less Nigerians been sending money home?
Answer: dramatic increase

Question: What was the previous number sent home?
Answer: USD 2.3 billion

Question: Where do most Nigerians work when working outside of their home?
Answer: United States

Question: What country in West Africa borders Niger, Chad, Cameroon, and Benin?
Answer: Nigeria

Question: What country listed in passage currently has the biggest population of people living in said country?
Answer: China
Egypt

In 525 BC, the powerful Achaemenid Persians, led by Cambyses II, began their conquest of Egypt, eventually capturing the pharaoh Psamtik III at the battle of Pelusium. Cambyses II then assumed the formal title of pharaoh, but ruled Egypt from his home of Susa in Persia (modern Iran), leaving Egypt under the control of a satrapy. The entire Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt, from 525 BC to 402 BC, save for Petubastis III, was an entirely Persian ruled period, with the Achaemenid kings all being granted the title of pharaoh. A few temporarily successful revolts against the Persians marked the fifth century BC, but Egypt was never able to permanently overthrow the Persians.

Question: The Persians ruled Egypt in fifth century what?
Answer: BC

Question: __ had briefly served as the governor of northern Babylonia
Answer: Cambyses II

Question: During which dynasty were some Achaemenids deemed pharaoh?
Answer: Twenty-seventh

Question: Where is Susa located if you looked at a current map?
Answer: Iran

Question: Who ruled Egypt when Cambyses II was in Persia?
Answer: a satrapy

Question: Who was taken over by Achaemenid Persians?
Answer: pharaoh Psamtik III

Question: __ was the eldest son of Cyrus the Great
Answer: Cambyses II

Question: __ died of gangrene.
Answer: Cambyses II
Egypt

Egypt has one of the oldest civilisations in the world. It has been in contact with many other civilisations and nations and has been through so many eras, starting from prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages. Because of this wide variation of ages, the continuous contact with other nations and the big number of conflicts Egypt had been through, at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt, mainly covering a wide area of these ages and conflicts.

Question: what is the third era mentioned?
Answer: Pharonic

Question: What was one outcome of Egypt being in contact with so many eras and nations?
Answer: at least 60 museums may be found in Egypt

Question: what is the second era mentioned?
Answer: modern age

Question: Which culture-specific age mentioned above is the only age that existed within the country of Egypt
Answer: Pharonic

Question: What civilization shared time with the Greek age?
Answer: Egypt

Question: what is the last place mentioned?
Answer: Egypt

Question: what is the fourth age mentioned?
Answer: Roman

Question: What can you learn about when visiting a museum in Egypt?
Answer: these ages and conflicts

Question: What civilization could also be found in the prehistoric age?
Answer: Egypt

Question: What civilization has endured many clashes with others?
Answer: Egypt

Question: what is the first place mentioned?
Answer: Egypt

Question: What civilization runs through the Pharonic, Roman, Greek, and Islamic ages?
Answer: Egypt

Question: Which eras has Egypt seen?
Answer: prehistoric age to the modern age, passing through so many ages such as; Pharonic, Roman, Greek, Islamic and many other ages
Egypt

The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a powerful Hellenistic state, extending from southern Syria in the east, to Cyrene to the west, and south to the frontier with Nubia. Alexandria became the capital city and a centre of Greek culture and trade. To gain recognition by the native Egyptian populace, they named themselves as the successors to the Pharaohs. The later Ptolemies took on Egyptian traditions, had themselves portrayed on public monuments in Egyptian style and dress, and participated in Egyptian religious life.

Question: What replaced Greek culture?
Answer: Egyptian traditions

Question: Rather than practice these new among themselves, there was a point made to share them with who?
Answer: public

Question: The four cardinal directions include north, south, west, and what other direction?
Answer: east

Question: The country the borders Lebanon, Turkey, Iraq, Jordon, and Israel is called?
Answer: Syria

Question: Which peoples populated the Kingdom?
Answer: Greek

Question: What did the Ptolemaics get inspiration from?
Answer: Egyptian traditions

Question: What did the Ptolemaics like to appear as?
Answer: Egyptian style and dress

Question: A garment that is solely one piece that covers one's body and often extends over the legs is called?
Answer: dress

Question: Why were the Ptolemaics interested in Egypt?
Answer: recognition

Question: An ancient Greek city near the city of Shahhat in Libya, that was also the oldest Greek city was called?
Answer: Cyrene

Question: Items or clothing that originated from the country of Egypt are described as?
Answer: Egyptian
Egypt

Most of Egypt's rain falls in the winter months. South of Cairo, rainfall averages only around 2 to 5 mm (0.1 to 0.2 in) per year and at intervals of many years. On a very thin strip of the northern coast the rainfall can be as high as 410 mm (16.1 in), mostly between October and March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria. A very small amount of snow fell on Cairo on 13 December 2013, the first time Cairo received snowfall in many decades. Frost is also known in mid-Sinai and mid-Egypt. Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world, and most of its land surface is desert.

Question: What place does rain fall heaviest?
Answer: a very thin strip of the northern coast

Question: Why would snow not usually fall in Egypt?
Answer: Egypt is the driest and the sunniest country in the world

Question: What place almost never gets snow?
Answer: Cairo

Question: Measured in the Imperial system, what is the maximum amount of water that falls from the sky in the narrow area in the north of the land of the Pharoahs?
Answer: 16.1 in

Question: Where would one travel to if they wanted no clouds and little precipitation?
Answer: Egypt

Question: What honor does the land of Pharoahs hold, in relation to climate?
Answer: driest and the sunniest country in the world

Question: Where in the area of the land of the Pharoahs do ice crystals fall?
Answer: March. Snow falls on Sinai's mountains and some of the north coastal cities such as Damietta, Baltim, Sidi Barrany, etc. and rarely in Alexandria

Question: When does a majority of water falling from the clouds happen in the land of the Pharoahs?
Answer: in the winter months

Question: What is extremely uncommon in Cairo?
Answer: snowfall

Question: Being the sunniest country in the world makes what rare?
Answer: snow

Question: How large of an area receives precipitation in Egypt's winter months?
Answer: a very thin strip

Question: Measured in the Imperial system, what is the median amount of water that falls from the clouds in the lower area of the land of the pharoahs per annum?
Answer: 0.1 to 0.2 in

Question: What are considered the winter months in Egypt?
Answer: between October and March
Egypt

Egypt also hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers, estimated to be between 500,000 and 3 million. There are some 70,000 Palestinian refugees, and about 150,000 recently arrived Iraqi refugees, but the number of the largest group, the Sudanese, is contested.[nb 1] The once-vibrant and ancient Greek and Jewish communities in Egypt have almost disappeared, with only a small number remaining in the country, but many Egyptian Jews visit on religious or other occasions and tourism. Several important Jewish archaeological and historical sites are found in Cairo, Alexandria and other cities.

Question: Which refugee is more, Iraqi or Jew?
Answer: Iraqi refugees

Question: Why do you think the greek and jewish communities have disappeared according to the text?
Answer: hosts an unknown number of refugees and asylum seekers

Question: Where do some of the Greek and Jewish communities that are left located?
Answer: in the country

Question: Which refugee is more, Palesinian or Greek?
Answer: Palestinian

Question: Which refugee is more, Iraqi or Greek?
Answer: Iraqi

Question: If you were to go and visit a site of historical significance, where might you go?
Answer: Cairo, Alexandria and other cities

Question: What group are they unsure of?
Answer: Sudanese

Question: What is the name, mentioned in the next, of those that are running from their own countries?
Answer: asylum seekers

Question: Which refugee is more, Palesinian or Jew?
Answer: Palestinian

Question: Which refugees is more, Palesinian or Sudanese?
Answer: Sudanese
Egypt

Egypt has one of the longest histories of any modern country, arising in the tenth millennium BC as one of the world's first nation states. Considered a cradle of civilisation, Ancient Egypt experienced some of the earliest developments of writing, agriculture, urbanisation, organised religion and central government. Iconic monuments such as the Giza Necropolis and its Great Sphinx, as well the ruins of Memphis, Thebes, Karnak, and the Valley of the Kings, reflect this legacy and remain a significant focus of archaeological study and popular interest worldwide. Egypt's rich cultural heritage is an integral part of its national identity, having endured, and at times assimilated, various foreign influences, including Greek, Persian, Roman, Arab, Ottoman, and European. Although Christianised in the first century of the Common Era, it was subsequently Islamised due to the Islamic conquests of the seventh century.

Question: How would Egypt be described in terms of early religion?
Answer: Christianised

Question: Which of the following is not an iconic monument of Egypt: the Giza Necropolis, Great Sphinx, or Christianised?
Answer: Christianised

Question: What is the third foreign influence on Egypt mentioned?
Answer: Roman

Question: How would Egypt be described in terms of religion later on?
Answer: Islamised

Question: Egypt was considered an original of what?
Answer: nation states

Question: Which of the following is not a foreign influence on Egypt: Greek, Persian, or the Common Era?
Answer: the Common Era

Question: What science of growing food was prevalent in early Egypt?
Answer: agriculture

Question: What types of scientists work in Egypt?
Answer: archaeological

Question: Which of the following is not an iconic monument of Egypt: the Giza Necropolis, Great Sphinx, or the Common Era?
Answer: the Common Era
Iranian_languages

The other directly attested Old Iranian dialects are the two forms of Avestan, which take their name from their use in the Avesta, the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion that now goes by the name of Zoroastrianism but in the Avesta itself is simply known as vohu daena (later: behdin). The language of the Avesta is subdivided into two dialects, conventionally known as "Old (or 'Gathic') Avestan", and "Younger Avestan". These terms, which date to the 19th century, are slightly misleading since 'Younger Avestan' is not only much younger than 'Old Avestan', but also from a different geographic region. The Old Avestan dialect is very archaic, and at roughly the same stage of development as Rigvedic Sanskrit. On the other hand, Younger Avestan is at about the same linguistic stage as Old Persian, but by virtue of its use as a sacred language retained its "old" characteristics long after the Old Iranian languages had yielded to their Middle Iranian stage. Unlike Old Persian, which has Middle Persian as its known successor, Avestan has no clearly identifiable Middle Iranian stage (the effect of Middle Iranian is indistinguishable from effects due to other causes).

Question: Where was Avestan found?
Answer: the Avesta

Question: What used Avestan?
Answer: the Avesta

Question: What stage of development is after Old Persian in language origins?
Answer: Middle Persian

Question: What would you call the language found in the liturgical texts of indigenous Iranian religion today?
Answer: Old Iranian

Question: Where can you find the use of the dialects of Avestan?
Answer: Old Iranian

Question: Which language does not contain a second to third evolution, only a beginning to and end evolution?
Answer: Avestan

Question: What language are the ones found in the texts of native religion stemming out of the Iranian region?
Answer: Avestan

Question: Which language is older, Younger Avestan or Old Avestan?
Answer: Younger Avestan

Question: What religion is found in the Avesta?
Answer: behdin

Question: Why is Younger Avestan a misleading name for the language?
Answer: different geographic region
Iranian_languages

The geographical regions in which Iranian languages were spoken were pushed back in several areas by newly neighbouring languages. Arabic spread into some parts of Western Iran (Khuzestan), and Turkic languages spread through much of Central Asia, displacing various Iranian languages such as Sogdian and Bactrian in parts of what is today Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. In Eastern Europe, mostly comprising the territory of modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans, the core region of the native Scythians, Sarmatians, and Alans had been decisively been taken over as a result of absorption and assimilation (e.g. Slavicisation) by the various Proto-Slavic population of the region, by the 6th century AD. This resulted in the displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages of the region. Sogdian's close relative Yaghnobi barely survives in a small area of the Zarafshan valley east of Samarkand, and Saka as Ossetic in the Caucasus, which is the sole remnant of the once predominant Scythian languages in Eastern Europe proper and large parts of the North Caucasus. Various small Iranian languages in the Pamirs survive that are derived from Eastern Iranian.

Question: What languages were dominant in modern-day Ukraine, southern European Russia, and parts of the Balkans prior to Slavicisation?
Answer: Scythian

Question: Which language was spoken in Turkmenistan first, Sogdian or Turkic languages?
Answer: Sogdian

Question: What language was replaced in Central Asia?
Answer: Iranian

Question: A language that barely survives in a portion of the Zarafshan valley is related to a language that was displaced from Central Asia by what type of languages?
Answer: Turkic

Question: Which of the following was not taken over by Slavs: Ukriane, the Balkans, or Tajikistan?
Answer: Tajikistan

Question: What happened because people adapted to new languages instead of standing their ground on the traditional languages on a region in the 500s?
Answer: displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages

Question: From where did Arabic displace Iranian languages?
Answer: Khuzestan

Question: Where is the sole remnant of the Scythian languages spoken?
Answer: the Caucasus

Question: What did Slavicisation do?
Answer: displacement and extinction of the once predominant Scythian languages

Question: What might you have heard in Kazakhstan before the spread of Arabic?
Answer: Sogdian and Bactrian

Question: Who has adapted and changed languages?
Answer: Proto-Slavic population

Question: What was going on in Eastern Europe?
Answer: Slavicisation

Question: Where is the sole Scythian language today?
Answer: Caucasus

Question: What is the sole survivor of the Scythian languages of Eastern Europe and the North Caucasus?
Answer: Ossetic

Question: Which of the following languages is not spoken in Iran: Arabic or Ossetic?
Answer: Ossetic
Iranian_languages

All Iranian languages are descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Iranian. In turn, and together with Proto-Indo-Aryan and the Nuristani languages, Proto-Iranian descends from a common ancestor Proto-Indo-Iranian. The Indo-Iranian languages are thought to have originated in Central Asia. The Andronovo culture is the suggested candidate for the common Indo-Iranian culture ca. 2000 BC.

Question: What is the grandfather of all Iranian languages?
Answer: Proto-Indo-Iranian

Question: Proto-Iranian is a type of?
Answer: languages

Question: Origin of Iranian
Answer: Proto-Iranian

Question: Where is the location from which Nuristani comes?
Answer: Central Asia

Question: All these languages come from the area of?
Answer: Central Asia

Question: Where is the location from where Proto-Iranian comes?
Answer: Central Asia

Question: What is Proto-Iranian to all Iranian languages?
Answer: common ancestor

Question: Where did Proto-Iranian come from
Answer: Proto-Indo-Iranian

Question: What is the parent of Proto-Indo-Aryan?
Answer: Proto-Indo-Iranian

Question: What is spoken in Iran
Answer: Iranian

Question: Who spoke Indo-Iranian
Answer: Andronovo
Near_East

A large percentage of experts on the modern Middle East began their training in university departments named for the Near East. Similarly the journals associated with these fields of expertise include the words Near East or Near Eastern. The meaning of Near East in these numerous establishments and publications is Middle East. Expertise on the modern Middle East is almost never mixed or confused with studies of the Ancient Near East, although often "Ancient Near East" is abbreviated to "Near East" without any implication of modern times. For example, "Near Eastern Languages" in the ancient sense includes such languages as Sumerian and Akkadian. In the modern sense, it is likely to mean any or all of the Arabic languages.

Question: When people refer to Near East as a shorthand reference for studying the non-modern Arabic region, what word are they omitting?
Answer: Ancient

Question: Universities named Near East are often places of scholarship about the cultures of a what time?
Answer: modern

Question: what what is the accient version of Arabic?
Answer: Sumerian and Akkadian

Question: If you are reading a research article about the Middle East, what is likely referred to in the publication?
Answer: Near East or Near Eastern

Question: Near eastern is closely related to?
Answer: university departments

Question: Sumerian and Akkadian languages are not?
Answer: modern

Question: Modern Near Eastern speech is probably?
Answer: Arabic

Question: Although we think of Arabic languages as being Middle Eastern, what are they often referred to as in studies?
Answer: Near Eastern Languages

Question: we can say Akkadians are part of?
Answer: Middle East

Question: Summerians are part of?
Answer: Middle East
Near_East

Ptolemy's Geography divided Asia on a similar basis. In the north is "Scythia this side of the Himalayas" and "Scythia beyond the Himalayas." To the south is "India on this side of the Ganges" and "India beyond the Ganges." Asia began on the coast of Anatolia ("land of the rising sun"). Beyond the Ganges and Himalayas (including the Tien Shan) were Serica and Serae (sections of China) and some other identifiable far eastern locations known to the voyagers and geographers but not to the general European public.

Question: what is the last group mentioned?
Answer: general European public

Question: What was included with the Ganges River and the Tien Shan?
Answer: Himalayas

Question: what is the last nation mentioned?
Answer: China

Question: What was the name of Ptolemy's work?
Answer: Geography

Question: What did Ptolemy call most of Central Asia?
Answer: "Scythia this side of the Himalayas" and "Scythia beyond the Himalayas."

Question: What was described as being in the south of Asia?
Answer: "India on this side of the Ganges" and "India beyond the Ganges."

Question: Which of the following is not a section of China, Serica, Serae or Scythia?
Answer: Scythia

Question: what is the last ethnicity mentioned?
Answer: European

Question: what is the third to last group mentioned?
Answer: voyagers

Question: what is the last group mentioned?
Answer: the general European public

Question: what is the second to last profession mentioned?
Answer: voyagers

Question: what are the first mountains mentioned?
Answer: Himalayas

Question: what is the second to last group mentioned?
Answer: geographers

Question: Which country is the land of the rising sun?
Answer: Anatolia

Question: what is the first area mentioned?
Answer: Asia

Question: what is the second area mentioned?
Answer: Scythia

Question: Which of the following natural landmarks does not divide India, the Ganges or the Himalayas?
Answer: Himalayas

Question: What was not known to the European commoners?
Answer: other identifiable far eastern locations
Near_East

These were fighting words to be coming from a country that once insisted Europe needed Turkey and was willing to spill blood over it. For his authority Miller invokes the people, citing the "collective wisdom" of Europe, and introducing a concept to arise many times in the decades to follow under chilling circumstances:

Question: Periods of time that are in sets of 10 years are called?
Answer: decades

Question: Sets of ten years are given the name?
Answer: decades

Question: The action that refers to the allowance of a liquid to be accidently removed from its container is?
Answer: spill

Question: Sageness is a synonym of which noun?
Answer: wisdom

Question: Kickboxing and MMA are examples of what?
Answer: fighting

Question: An entity willing to fight for Turkey is?
Answer: Europe

Question: Police and goverment figures are examples of what kind of individuals?
Answer: authority

Question: Actions done by people acting as a group, as opposed to individualistic is called?
Answer: collective

Question: Which word means to get up, coming from the Old English word arisan meaning spring up?
Answer: arise

Question: Europe is home to many?
Answer: people

Question: Letting liquids out of a container unintentionally is given the verb?
Answer: spill

Question: In most animals such as mammals, what is used to transport oxygen or hormones throughout the body?
Answer: blood