UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

St. John's has a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb), with lower seasonal variation than normal for the latitude, which is due to Gulf Stream moderation. However, despite this maritime moderation, average January high temperatures are actually slightly colder in St. John's than it is in Kelowna, British Columbia, which is an inland city that is near the more marine air of the Pacific, demonstrating the cold nature of Eastern Canada. Mean temperatures range from −4.9 °C (23.2 °F) in February to 16.1 °C (61.0 °F) in August, showing somewhat of a seasonal lag in the climate. The city is also one of the areas of the country most prone to tropical cyclone activity, as it is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east, where tropical storms (and sometimes hurricanes) travel from the United States. The city is one of the rainiest in Canada outside of coastal British Columbia. This is partly due to its propensity for tropical storm activity as well as moist, Atlantic air frequently blowing ashore and creating precipitation.

Question: What comes from something bordering St. John's?
Answer: tropical storms

Question: Which city in Eastern Canada was mentioned in the article?
Answer: St. John's

Question: What month was reported as seeing lower mean temperatures in St. John's?
Answer: February

Question: In the summer what causes the weather not to change so fast?
Answer: seasonal lag

Question: What is St. John's?
Answer: city

Question: Which has less rain, St. John's or coastal British Columbia?
Answer: St. John's

Question: Which is colder in January, St. John's or Kelowna?
Answer: St. John's

Question: Where is St. John's?
Answer: Canada

Question: What city was mentioned as being colder in January, Kelowna, or St. John's?
Answer: St. John's

Question: Which city mentioned in the article was mentioned as being closer to the Pacific ocean?
Answer: Kelowna

Question: What city was mentioned as being one of the rainiest cities outside of British Colombia?
Answer: St. John's

Question: What ocean is Kelowna closer to?
Answer: Pacific
Napoleon

Napoleon's set of civil laws, the Code Civil—now often known as the Napoleonic Code—was prepared by committees of legal experts under the supervision of Jean Jacques Régis de Cambacérès, the Second Consul. Napoleon participated actively in the sessions of the Council of State that revised the drafts. The development of the code was a fundamental change in the nature of the civil law legal system with its stress on clearly written and accessible law. Other codes ("Les cinq codes") were commissioned by Napoleon to codify criminal and commerce law; a Code of Criminal Instruction was published, which enacted rules of due process.

Question: Who did Jean Jacques Regis de Cambeceres supervise?
Answer: committees of legal experts

Question: What ensured fair treatment through the normal judicial system?
Answer: Code of Criminal Instruction

Question: Who created the Napoleonic Code?
Answer: Napoleon

Question: Who was NOT the Second Consul?
Answer: Napoleon

Question: What arranged criminal and commerce laws into systematic codes?
Answer: Les cinq codes

Question: What was Napoleon's area of interest that encompasses civil and criminal laws?
Answer: legal system

Question: What does the Napoleonic Code refer to in regard to its name?
Answer: Napoleon's set of civil laws

Question: How did Napoleon contribute to his civil lawmaking?
Answer: revised the drafts

Question: What is the Napoleonic Code?
Answer: set of civil laws

Question: Which stage did Napoleon take part in the preparation of the Code Civil?
Answer: revised the drafts

Question: Who did NOT supervise the preparation of the Code Civil?
Answer: Napoleon

Question: What other roles did Napoleon take on after the Code Civil?
Answer: codify criminal and commerce law
Napoleon

In the early morning of 10 April, leading elements of the Austrian army crossed the Inn River and invaded Bavaria. The early Austrian attack surprised the French; Napoleon himself was still in Paris when he heard about the invasion. He arrived at Donauwörth on the 17th to find the Grande Armée in a dangerous position, with its two wings separated by 75 miles (121 km) and joined together by a thin cordon of Bavarian troops. Charles pressed the left wing of the French army and hurled his men towards the III Corps of Marshal Davout. In response, Napoleon came up with a plan to cut off the Austrians in the celebrated Landshut Maneuver. He realigned the axis of his army and marched his soldiers towards the town of Eckmühl. The French scored a convincing win in the resulting Battle of Eckmühl, forcing Charles to withdraw his forces over the Danube and into Bohemia. On 13 May, Vienna fell for the second time in four years, although the war continued since most of the Austrian army had survived the initial engagements in Southern Germany.

Question: why did the war continue?
Answer: most of the Austrian army had survived

Question: How did a military move from Austria effect the war
Answer: surprised the French

Question: how many wings were separated by miles?
Answer: two

Question: How did Napoleons turnaround effect Austria?
Answer: Charles to withdraw his forces over the Danube and into Bohemia

Question: what suprised the French?
Answer: Austrian attack

Question: In what region did the Austrian and French armies confront each other?
Answer: Bavaria

Question: Which river did the Austrians cross following their loss?
Answer: the Danube

Question: What scenario put Napeoleon in a precarious position?
Answer: with its two wings separated by 75 miles

Question: what ethnicity is mentioned first?
Answer: Austrian

Question: what area is mentioned last?
Answer: Southern Germany

Question: Who was commanding the Austrian army during the invasion of Bavaria?
Answer: Charles

Question: How did Austria say intact after the loss of Vienna?
Answer: most of the Austrian army had survived the initial engagements in Southern Germany

Question: Who did the Austrians have conflict with?
Answer: the French

Question: What territory did the Austrian army retreat to?
Answer: Bohemia

Question: what city is mentioned first?
Answer: Paris

Question: what period in time is mentioned first?
Answer: 10 April

Question: what did Napolean march towards the town of Eckmuhl?
Answer: his soldiers

Question: what period in time is mentioned last?
Answer: 13 May

Question: When did Napoleon turn the tides of the war with Austria?
Answer: Battle of Eckmühl

Question: who marched his soldiers toward the town of Eckmuhl?
Answer: Napoleon
Napoleon

Despite the failures in Egypt, Napoleon returned to a hero's welcome. He drew together an alliance with director Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, his brother Lucien, speaker of the Council of Five Hundred Roger Ducos, director Joseph Fouché, and Talleyrand, and they overthrew the Directory by a coup d'état on 9 November 1799 ("the 18th Brumaire" according to the revolutionary calendar), closing down the council of five hundred. Napoleon became "first consul" for ten years, with two consuls appointed by him who had consultative voices only. His power was confirmed by the new "Constitution of the Year VIII", originally devised by Sieyès to give Napoleon a minor role, but rewritten by Napoleon, and accepted by direct popular vote (3,000,000 in favor, 1,567 opposed). The constitution preserved the appearance of a republic but in reality established a dictatorship.

Question: What did he form with Lucien?
Answer: alliance

Question: What was Lucien's surname?
Answer: Sieyès

Question: What governance model did the constitution seem to set up?
Answer: republic

Question: When was the Directory overthrown according to the revolutionary calendar?
Answer: the 18th Brumaire

Question: Whose brother joined them in allying with Napoleon?
Answer: Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès

Question: Who did Napoleon form an alliance with?
Answer: director Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès, his brother Lucien, speaker of the Council of Five Hundred Roger Ducos, director Joseph Fouché, and Talleyrand

Question: What's the standard calendar equivalent of Brumaire 18?
Answer: 9 November

Question: What kind of government did France have in year VII?
Answer: a republic

Question: Who was Ducos?
Answer: speaker of the Council of Five Hundred

Question: What kind of government did the constitution seem to set up?
Answer: republic

Question: Who was Lucien to Napoleon?
Answer: his brother

Question: What was established in France that renamed the months?
Answer: the revolutionary calendar

Question: What ended up being established as a result of Napoleon taking power via the coup?
Answer: a dictatorship

Question: Who made the Constitution say Napoleon was in charge of the country?
Answer: Napoleon
Napoleon

In 1840, Louis Philippe I obtained permission from the British to return Napoleon's remains to France. On 15 December 1840, a state funeral was held. The hearse proceeded from the Arc de Triomphe down the Champs-Élysées, across the Place de la Concorde to the Esplanade des Invalides and then to the cupola in St Jérôme's Chapel, where it remained until the tomb designed by Louis Visconti was completed. In 1861, Napoleon's remains were entombed in a porphyry sarcophagus in the crypt under the dome at Les Invalides.

Question: Where did the procession for Napoleon go just after the Champs-Élysées?
Answer: Place de la Concorde

Question: Who gave the go-ahead?
Answer: British

Question: Why was Napoleon places St. Jerome's Chapel for 21 years?
Answer: until the tomb designed by Louis Visconti was completed

Question: Where did the procession for Napoleon go just after the Arc de Triomphe?
Answer: down the Champs-Élysées

Question: Where did he take the short dictator's body?
Answer: France

Question: What was the name of the man that started with an L and a V?
Answer: Louis Visconti

Question: what man is mentioned first?
Answer: Louis Philippe I

Question: What happened in the same year as the funeral?
Answer: Louis Philippe I obtained permission from the British to return Napoleon's remains to France

Question: What area has three words and starts with an E?
Answer: Esplanade des Invalides
Napoleon

Although critics have blamed Napoleon for several tactical mistakes preceding the battle, they have also praised his audacity for selecting a risky campaign strategy, choosing to invade the Italian peninsula from the north when the vast majority of French invasions came from the west, near or along the coastline. As Chandler points out, Napoleon spent almost a year getting the Austrians out of Italy in his first campaign; in 1800, it took him only a month to achieve the same goal. German strategist and field marshal Alfred von Schlieffen concluded that "Bonaparte did not annihilate his enemy but eliminated him and rendered him harmless" while "[attaining] the object of the campaign: the conquest of North Italy."

Question: what is the first group mentioned?
Answer: critics

Question: What garnered praise?
Answer: choosing to invade the Italian peninsula from the north when the vast majority of French invasions came from the west, near or along the coastline

Question: what is the last ethnicity mentioned?
Answer: German

Question: What was the result of the strategy?
Answer: Bonaparte did not annihilate his enemy but eliminated him and rendered him harmless

Question: How did the strategy change?
Answer: Napoleon spent almost a year getting the Austrians out of Italy in his first campaign; in 1800, it took him only a month to achieve the same goal

Question: What is the shape of Italy?
Answer: peninsula

Question: what is the last period in time mentioned?
Answer: 1800

Question: What army invaded?
Answer: French

Question: who is the second to last guy mentioned?
Answer: Alfred von Schlieffen

Question: What is the quickest amount of time it took Napoleon to invade Italy?
Answer: a month

Question: what is the first ethnicity mentioned?
Answer: Italian

Question: How do historians feel about Napoleon's Italian campaign?
Answer: praised

Question: What was a positive of the strategy?
Answer: his audacity

Question: Why did Napoleon invade Italy?
Answer: conquest of North Italy

Question: From what direction was Italy usually invaded?
Answer: from the west
Napoleon

Two days after the marriage, Bonaparte left Paris to take command of the Army of Italy. He immediately went on the offensive, hoping to defeat the forces of Piedmont before their Austrian allies could intervene. In a series of rapid victories during the Montenotte Campaign, he knocked Piedmont out of the war in two weeks. The French then focused on the Austrians for the remainder of the war, the highlight of which became the protracted struggle for Mantua. The Austrians launched a series of offensives against the French to break the siege, but Napoleon defeated every relief effort, scoring notable victories at the battles of Castiglione, Bassano, Arcole, and Rivoli. The decisive French triumph at Rivoli in January 1797 led to the collapse of the Austrian position in Italy. At Rivoli, the Austrians lost up to 14,000 men while the French lost about 5,000.

Question: Who were the French helping?
Answer: Italy

Question: Who had the most casualties in January 1797?
Answer: Austrians

Question: Who was conquered early in the war?
Answer: Piedmont

Question: What is Bonaparte's first name?
Answer: Napoleon

Question: Who was the winner of the Montenotte Campain?
Answer: Bonaparte

Question: What was fought during the Montenotte Campain?
Answer: war

Question: Where was the final battle?
Answer: Rivoli

Question: Where is Basano?
Answer: in Italy

Question: What happened before victory?
Answer: marriage

Question: Who was assisting the enemy?
Answer: Austrians

Question: Where did Bonaparte work?
Answer: Army of Italy

Question: What is Bonaparte's nationality?
Answer: French
Napoleon

When he became First Consul and later Emperor, Napoleon eschewed his general's uniform and habitually wore the simple green colonel uniform (non-Hussar) of a colonel of the Chasseur à Cheval of the Imperial Guard, the regiment that often served as his personal escort, with a large bicorne. He also habitually wore (usually on Sundays) the blue uniform of a colonel of the Imperial Guard Foot Grenadiers (blue with white facings and red cuffs). He also wore his Légion d'honneur star, medal and ribbon, and the Order of the Iron Crown decorations, white French-style culottes and white stockings. This was in contrast to the gorgeous and complex uniforms with many decorations of his marshals and those around him.

Question: What jewelry like accessories did he wear?
Answer: Légion d'honneur star, medal and ribbon, and the Order of the Iron Crown decorations

Question: What accessory could have fallen from the night sky?
Answer: his Légion d'honneur star

Question: Who served as a personal escort?
Answer: the Imperial Guard

Question: Which of the following was never one of Napoleon's titles: First Consul, Iron Crown, or Emperor?
Answer: Iron Crown

Question: Which of the following is not an item of clothing: stockings, cuffs or marshals?
Answer: marshals

Question: The uniform of Napolean in contrast to the marshals that served with him was considered to be relatively what?
Answer: simple

Question: Which of the following is not a French honor: Legion d'honneur star, Order of the Iron Crown, or culottes?
Answer: culottes

Question: What monarch like accessory did he wear?
Answer: Iron Crown decorations

Question: What type of decoration item made of cloth instead of metal did Napolean often wear on his uniform?
Answer: ribbon

Question: Silk knee breeches associated with 18th century nobility were called?
Answer: culottes

Question: Who wore the Legion d'honneur star
Answer: Napoleon

Question: The French term for hunter is?
Answer: Chasseur

Question: Which type of hat became synanomous with the attire and uniform of Napolean?
Answer: bicorne

Question: What the office of his favorite outfit early on?
Answer: Chasseur à Cheval of the Imperial Guard

Question: Who wore the Iron Crown decorations?
Answer: Napoleon

Question: What did the Imperial Guard Foot Grenadiers uniform look like?
Answer: blue with white facings and red cuffs

Question: What version of the colonel uniform did he wear?
Answer: non-Hussar
Napoleon

The Russian army withdrew and retreated past Moscow. Napoleon entered the city, assuming its fall would end the war and Alexander would negotiate peace. However, on orders of the city's governor Feodor Rostopchin, rather than capitulation, Moscow was burned. After five weeks, Napoleon and his army left. In early November Napoleon got concerned about loss of control back in France after the Malet coup of 1812. His army walked through snow up to their knees and nearly 10,000 men and horses froze to death on the night of 8/9 November alone. After Battle of Berezina Napoleon succeeded to escape but had to abandon much of the remaining artillery and baggage train. On 5 December, shortly before arriving in Vilnius, Napoleon left the army in a sledge.

Question: what is the last military branch mentioned?
Answer: army

Question: who is the first leader mentioned?
Answer: Napoleon

Question: what is the last period in time mentioned?
Answer: 5 December

Question: What was Napoleon wrong about?
Answer: Napoleon entered the city, assuming its fall would end the war and Alexander would negotiate peace

Question: In which part of the year did Napoleon worry about a lack of control in France?
Answer: early November

Question: To what figure of speech did the snow fall in November?
Answer: up to their knees

Question: What happened to Napoleon at the Battle of Berezina?
Answer: Napoleon succeeded to escape

Question: Who wanted the Russian army to negotiate peace?
Answer: Napoleon

Question: Why did Napoleon have to abandon his army's supplies?
Answer: Battle of Berezina

Question: What obstacle did Napoleon and the troops face after leaving Moscow?
Answer: snow

Question: who is the second leader mentioned?
Answer: Alexander

Question: Where was Napoleon headed after leaving Moscow?
Answer: France

Question: What happened to the city after the Russian army withdrew from Moscow?
Answer: Moscow was burned

Question: who is the last leader mentioned?
Answer: Napoleon

Question: Five weeks after what event did Napoleon leave Moscow?
Answer: Moscow was burned
Napoleon

In 1808, Napoleon and Czar Alexander met at the Congress of Erfurt to preserve the Russo-French alliance. The leaders had a friendly personal relationship after their first meeting at Tilsit in 1807. By 1811, however, tensions had increased and Alexander was under pressure from the Russian nobility to break off the alliance. A major strain on the relationship between the two nations became the regular violations of the Continental System by the Russians, which led Napoleon to threaten Alexander with serious consequences if he formed an alliance with Britain.

Question: what group is mentioned last?
Answer: the Russians

Question: Who was not discussed in the Alliance meeting: Britain or Russia?
Answer: Britain

Question: what event is first mentioned?
Answer: Napoleon and Czar Alexander met

Question: What was created at the meeting?
Answer: the Russo-French alliance

Question: what place is mentioned first?
Answer: Congress of Erfurt

Question: What was at issue for NApoleon?
Answer: regular violations of the Continental System by the Russians

Question: Where was the meeting held?
Answer: Erfurt

Question: What countries came together at the meeting?
Answer: Russo-French

Question: Who was at the Russo-French Alliance meeting: Napoleon or Russian Nobility?
Answer: Napoleon

Question: what period in time is mentioned second?
Answer: 1807

Question: Who told Alexander not to form an alliance with Britain: Napoleon or Russian Nobility?
Answer: Napoleon

Question: Why did the two sides come together?
Answer: tensions had increased and Alexander was under pressure from the Russian nobility to break off the alliance

Question: What happened the year after the meeting at Tilsit?
Answer: Napoleon and Czar Alexander met at the Congress of Erfurt to preserve the Russo-French alliance

Question: what period in time is mentioned first?
Answer: 1808

Question: Where did Napoleon and Alexander meet secondly?
Answer: Congress of Erfurt
Napoleon

By 17 May, the main Austrian army under Charles had arrived on the Marchfeld. Charles kept the bulk of his troops several miles away from the river bank in hopes of concentrating them at the point where Napoleon decided to cross. On 21 May, the French made their first major effort to cross the Danube, precipitating the Battle of Aspern-Essling. The Austrians enjoyed a comfortable numerical superiority over the French throughout the battle; on the first day, Charles disposed of 110,000 soldiers against only 31,000 commanded by Napoleon. By the second day, reinforcements had boosted French numbers up to 70,000. The battle was characterized by a vicious back-and-forth struggle for the two villages of Aspern and Essling, the focal points of the French bridgehead. By the end of the fighting, the French had lost Aspern but still controlled Essling. A sustained Austrian artillery bombardment eventually convinced Napoleon to withdraw his forces back onto Lobau Island. Both sides inflicted about 23,000 casualties on each other. It was the first defeat Napoleon suffered in a major set-piece battle, and it caused excitement throughout many parts of Europe because it proved that he could be beaten on the battlefield.

Question: How many soldiers did Napoleon initially use to fight Charles' army?
Answer: 31,000

Question: What forced the retreat?
Answer: A sustained Austrian artillery bombardment

Question: Why were Europeans excited?
Answer: first defeat Napoleon suffered

Question: Near which river did Charles keep his troops?
Answer: Danube

Question: What village did the french not lose?
Answer: Essling

Question: Who had the largest army during the battle?
Answer: Napoleon

Question: Which army defeated Napoleon's army is this battle?
Answer: Austrian army

Question: What were the sizes of the armies?
Answer: 110,000 soldiers against only 31,000

Question: Where was the French stronghold during the battle?
Answer: withdraw

Question: Where was the army from?
Answer: Austrian

Question: What were the focal points?
Answer: Aspern and Essling

Question: What were the casualties?
Answer: 23,000 casualties on each other