UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Police

They can also be armed with non-lethal (more accurately known as "less than lethal" or "less-lethal") weaponry, particularly for riot control. Non-lethal weapons include batons, tear gas, riot control agents, rubber bullets, riot shields, water cannons and electroshock weapons. Police officers often carry handcuffs to restrain suspects. The use of firearms or deadly force is typically a last resort only to be used when necessary to save human life, although some jurisdictions (such as Brazil) allow its use against fleeing felons and escaped convicts. A "shoot-to-kill" policy was recently introduced in South Africa, which allows police to use deadly force against any person who poses a significant threat to them or civilians. With the country having one of the highest rates of violent crime, president Jacob Zuma states that South Africa needs to handle crime differently from other countries.

Question: How are large groups managed?
Answer: They can also be armed with non-lethal (more accurately known as "less than lethal" or "less-lethal") weaponry

Question: Which non-lethal weapon protects the cops?
Answer: riot shields

Question: Which non-lethal weapon does not pierce the skin?
Answer: rubber bullets

Question: Which weapon will a policeman whop you with?
Answer: batons

Question: What is used in managing riots?
Answer: Non-lethal weapons include batons, tear gas, riot control agents, rubber bullets, riot shields, water cannons and electroshock weapons

Question: what type of workers are mentioned first?
Answer: Police officers

Question: what group of regular people is mentioned last?
Answer: civilians

Question: Which non-lethal weapon causes lung irritation?
Answer: tear gas

Question: How do police control others?
Answer: Police officers often carry handcuffs to restrain suspects

Question: What are the exceptions?
Answer: although some jurisdictions (such as Brazil) allow its use against fleeing felons and escaped convicts

Question: What's the option that the police would rather not use?
Answer: deadly force

Question: what type of weaponry is mentioned first?
Answer: non-lethal

Question: What is it called when you intentionally plan to end a life?
Answer: shoot-to-kill

Question: what is the second kind of non lethal weapon mentioned?
Answer: tear gas

Question: what type of areas are mentioned last?
Answer: countries
Police

In the United States, August Vollmer introduced other reforms, including education requirements for police officers. O.W. Wilson, a student of Vollmer, helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita, Kansas, and later in the Chicago Police Department. Strategies employed by O.W. Wilson included rotating officers from community to community to reduce their vulnerability to corruption, establishing of a non-partisan police board to help govern the police force, a strict merit system for promotions within the department, and an aggressive recruiting drive with higher police salaries to attract professionally qualified officers. During the professionalism era of policing, law enforcement agencies concentrated on dealing with felonies and other serious crime, rather than broader focus on crime prevention.

Question: What was done to increase the quality of employees?
Answer: higher police salaries

Question: How did the changes work?
Answer: helped reduce corruption and introduce professionalism in Wichita, Kansas, and later in the Chicago Police Department

Question: How did Wilson enhance the reforms of Vollmer, specifically to exceed the caliber of the previous workforce?
Answer: higher police salaries to attract professionally qualified officers

Question: What were the teachings brought down to the person who changed the police force to be more non partisan originally from to be given to then?
Answer: O.W. Wilson

Question: How was corruption fought?
Answer: rotating officers from community to community

Question: What is something that August Vollmer helped in a non-direct way, to bring into and not not bring into for this stage?
Answer: dealing with felonies and other serious crime

Question: What is one big flaw of the pre-Vollmer era?
Answer: vulnerability to corruption

Question: What secondary locus succeeded the original aberrations of the mentee of Vollmer?
Answer: Chicago Police Department

Question: What was a part of the reforms?
Answer: rotating officers from community to community to reduce their vulnerability to corruption, establishing of a non-partisan police board to help govern the police force, a strict merit system for promotions within the department, and an aggressive recruiting drive with higher police salaries to attract professionally qualified officers

Question: How did this alter policing?
Answer: concentrated on dealing with felonies and other serious crime, rather than broader focus on crime prevention
Police

Peel, widely regarded as the father of modern policing, was heavily influenced by the social and legal philosophy of Jeremy Bentham, who called for a strong and centralized, but politically neutral, police force for the maintenance of social order, for the protection of people from crime and to act as a visible deterrent to urban crime and disorder. Peel decided to standardise the police force as an official paid profession, to organise it in a civilian fashion, and to make it answerable to the public.

Question: What was the main goal of the ideas that Peel followed?
Answer: maintenance of social order, for the protection of people from crime and to act as a visible deterrent to urban crime and disorder

Question: Who would have a right to have information and hold accountable the police?
Answer: the public

Question: Who was considered to have paved the way for the police today?
Answer: Peel

Question: Where did Peel obtain his ideas used to implement?
Answer: by the social and legal philosophy of Jeremy Bentham

Question: By being seen, where can the police prevent crime?
Answer: urban

Question: Of Peel and Jeremy Bentham, which one is the influencer?
Answer: Jeremy Bentham

Question: What hypothetical role did Peel play with law enforcement?
Answer: father

Question: What part of Bentham influenced Peel?
Answer: philosophy

Question: What relationship did people have with law enforcement?
Answer: answerable
Police

In Miranda the court created safeguards against self-incriminating statements made after an arrest. The court held that "The prosecution may not use statements, whether exculpatory or inculpatory, stemming from questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person has been taken into custody or otherwise deprived of his freedom of action in any significant way, unless it demonstrates the use of procedural safeguards effective to secure the Fifth Amendment's privilege against self-incrimination"

Question: Miranda protects individuals from statements given to what type of individuals?
Answer: law enforcement officers

Question: Miranda protects an individual following what action?
Answer: an arrest

Question: When are utterances protected?
Answer: after a person has been taken into custody

Question: What protected certain utterances?
Answer: Miranda

Question: What is the name of the rights the passage refers to?
Answer: Miranda

Question: Which right does the subject of the passage aim to protect?
Answer: Fifth Amendment

Question: Who protected certain utterances?
Answer: court

Question: A recently arrested individual is protected against what type of action?
Answer: self-incrimination
Police

With the initial investment of £4,200, the new trial force of the Thames River Police began with about 50 men charged with policing 33,000 workers in the river trades, of whom Colquhoun claimed 11,000 were known criminals and "on the game." The force was a success after its first year, and his men had "established their worth by saving £122,000 worth of cargo and by the rescuing of several lives." Word of this success spread quickly, and the government passed the Marine Police Bill on 28 July 1800, transforming it from a private to public police agency; now the oldest police force in the world. Colquhoun published a book on the experiment, The Commerce and Policing of the River Thames. It found receptive audiences far outside London, and inspired similar forces in other cities, notably, New York City, Dublin, and Sydney.

Question: What was Colquhoun's book based on?
Answer: the experiment

Question: What Australian city was inspired by the Thames River Police?
Answer: Sydney

Question: Why was the success of the force spread quicky?
Answer: established their worth by saving £122,000 worth of cargo and by the rescuing of several lives

Question: Where was the Thames River Police located?
Answer: London

Question: What was the government's reaction to the experiment?
Answer: the government passed the Marine Police Bill

Question: What did the police force save?
Answer: cargo and by the rescuing of several lives

Question: How many people were under the jurisdiction of the Thames River Police?
Answer: 33,000 workers

Question: What did the person who claimed 11,000 of the 33,000 workers in the river trade were known criminals write?
Answer: The Commerce and Policing of the River Thames

Question: What historical achievement did the force accomplish?
Answer: oldest police force in the world

Question: What was Colquhoun experimenting?
Answer: new trial force of the Thames River Police

Question: What did the publishing lead to?
Answer: similar forces in other cities

Question: Which had a lower value between the initial investment in the Thames River Police and how much they saved in their first year?
Answer: the initial investment

Question: What people was The Commerce and Policing of the River Thames about?
Answer: Thames River Police

Question: What were 11,000 of the workers?
Answer: criminals

Question: What did the Thames River Police do in addition to saving cargo?
Answer: rescuing of several lives
Police

Meanwhile, the authorities in Glasgow, Scotland successfully petitioned the government to pass the Glasgow Police Act establishing the City of Glasgow Police in 1800. Other Scottish towns soon followed suit and set up their own police forces through acts of parliament. In Ireland, the Irish Constabulary Act of 1822 marked the beginning of the Royal Irish Constabulary. The Act established a force in each barony with chief constables and inspectors general under the control of the civil administration at Dublin Castle. By 1841 this force numbered over 8,600 men.

Question: Who passed the Glasgow Police Act?
Answer: government

Question: where is Dublin Castle located??
Answer: Scotland

Question: In what areas were the Royal Irish Constabulary forces set up?
Answer: each barony

Question: Ireland's culture is?
Answer: Irish

Question: Who petitioned the scottish government?
Answer: authorities in Glasgow

Question: what was the outcome of the petition?
Answer: successfully

Question: what did the Scottish twona react to?
Answer: Glasgow Police Act

Question: historically how was the institution made?
Answer: Glasgow Police Act
Steven_Spielberg

In June 2006, Steven Spielberg announced he would direct a scientifically accurate film about "a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension", from a treatment by Kip Thorne and producer Lynda Obst. In January 2007, screenwriter Jonathan Nolan met with them to discuss adapting Obst and Thorne's treatment into a narrative screenplay. The screenwriter suggested the addition of a "time element" to the treatment's basic idea, which was welcomed by Obst and Thorne. In March of that year, Paramount hired Nolan, as well as scientists from Caltech, forming a workshop to adapt the treatment under the title Interstellar. The following July, Kip Thorne said there was a push by people for him to portray himself in the film. Spielberg later abandoned Interstellar, which was eventually directed by Christopher Nolan.

Question: What did they suggest adding a "time element" to?
Answer: Obst and Thorne's treatment

Question: What did Speilberg want to be the basis for Interstellar?
Answer: travel through a worm hole and into another dimension

Question: When did the concept of Interstellar first begin to be planned?
Answer: June 2006

Question: Steven Spielberg was replaced by?
Answer: Christopher Nolan

Question: Interstellar depicts?
Answer: a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension

Question: Where did they go to using the wore hole?
Answer: another dimension

Question: Who wanted Kip to play himself?
Answer: people

Question: How did the timeline of filming the movue interstellar begin?
Answer: Steven Spielberg announced he would direct a scientifically accurate film about "a group of explorers who travel through a worm hole and into another dimension"

Question: Who chose not to direct Interstellar?
Answer: Spielberg

Question: Who was supposed to direct Interstellar but eventually decided not to?
Answer: Spielberg

Question: Christopher Nolan replaced?
Answer: Steven Spielberg
Steven_Spielberg

Other major television series Spielberg produced were Band of Brothers, Taken and The Pacific. He was an executive producer on the critically acclaimed 2005 TV miniseries Into the West which won two Emmy awards, including one for Geoff Zanelli's score. For his 2010 miniseries The Pacific he teamed up once again with co-producer Tom Hanks, with Gary Goetzman also co-producing'. The miniseries is believed to have cost $250 million and is a 10-part war miniseries centered on the battles in the Pacific Theater during World War II. Writer Bruce McKenna, who penned several installments of (Band of Brothers), was the head writer.

Question: Who, between Tom Hanks and Bruce McKenna, wrote Band of Brothers?
Answer: Bruce McKenna

Question: What came from his work?
Answer: two Emmy awards

Question: What was he awarded for?
Answer: Into the West

Question: What happened in the 6th year of the century known as the 2000s?
Answer: He was an executive producer on the critically acclaimed 2005 TV miniseries Into the West

Question: What was televised in the 11th year of the century known as the 2000s?
Answer: 2010 miniseries The Pacific

Question: What was Taken produced for?
Answer: television

Question: Who aided in the show?
Answer: co-producer Tom Hanks, with Gary Goetzman also co-producing

Question: Where were the shows produced?
Answer: television

Question: What did Spielberg produce in addition to Band of Brothers, Taken, and The Pacific?
Answer: Into the West

Question: What was The Pacific produced for?
Answer: television

Question: What was made five years prior to The Pacific?
Answer: Into the West

Question: What is Spielberg known for?
Answer: Band of Brothers, Taken and The Pacific
Steven_Spielberg

A collector of film memorabilia, Spielberg purchased a balsa Rosebud sled from Citizen Kane (1941) in 1982. He bought Orson Welles's own directorial copy of the script for the radio broadcast The War of the Worlds (1938) in 1994. Spielberg has purchased Academy Award statuettes being sold on the open market and donated them to the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, to prevent their further commercial exploitation. His donations include the Oscars that Bette Davis received for Dangerous (1935) and Jezebel (1938), and Clark Gable's Oscar for It Happened One Night (1934).

Question: Who did Spielberg buy something from second, Orson Wells or Citizen Kane?
Answer: Orson Welles

Question: Citizen KAne is a?
Answer: film

Question: Which movie was produced earlier, Jezebel or Dangerous?
Answer: Dangerous

Question: Was The War of the Worlds script that was purchased by Spielberg older or was the balsa Rosebud sled older?
Answer: The War of the Worlds

Question: Dangerous is a?
Answer: film

Question: Which movie mentioned was produced after 1939?
Answer: Citizen Kane

Question: Which object bought by Spielberg was less of an antique, the Rosebud sled or a directional copy of the script for The War of the Worlds?
Answer: a balsa Rosebud sled

Question: Which movie was produced earlier, Citizen Kane or Dangerous?
Answer: Dangerous

Question: Rosebud was in a?
Answer: film

Question: Which movie mentioned was produced before 1935?
Answer: It Happened One Night

Question: Which actor received and Oscar first, Bette Davis or Clark Gable?
Answer: Clark Gable

Question: Which movie was produced earlier, Citizen Kane or Jezebel?
Answer: Jezebel

Question: Which award did Bette Davis receive first, the Oscar for Jezebel or the Oscar for Dangerous?
Answer: Dangerous
Steven_Spielberg

Since playing Pong while filming Jaws in 1974, Spielberg has been an avid video gamer. Spielberg played many of LucasArts adventure games, including the first Monkey Island games. He owns a Wii, a PlayStation 3, a PSP, and Xbox 360, and enjoys playing first-person shooters such as the Medal of Honor series and Call of Duty 4: Modern Warfare. He has also criticized the use of cut scenes in games, calling them intrusive, and feels making story flow naturally into the gameplay is a challenge for future game developers.

Question: What do you play on Xbox 360?
Answer: games

Question: What kind of games are LucasArts adventure games?
Answer: video

Question: What are first-person shooters Medal of Honor and Call of Duty 4?
Answer: games

Question: When did Spielberg start playing video games?
Answer: while filming Jaws in 1974

Question: What should flow naturally in games?
Answer: story

Question: What is the number of video game players that Spielberg owns?
Answer: 4

Question: What kind of shooter games does he play?
Answer: first-person

Question: What kind of game is Pong?
Answer: video

Question: What kind of games does Spielberg like?
Answer: first-person shooters
General_Electric

Since over half of GE's revenue is derived from financial services, it is arguably a financial company with a manufacturing arm. It is also one of the largest lenders in countries other than the United States, such as Japan. Even though the first wave of conglomerates (such as ITT Corporation, Ling-Temco-Vought, Tenneco, etc.) fell by the wayside by the mid-1980s, in the late 1990s, another wave (consisting of Westinghouse, Tyco, and others) tried and failed to emulate GE's success.[citation needed]

Question: What kind of company can GE be classified as?
Answer: manufacturing

Question: What is another name for a number  of different things or parts that are put or grouped together to form a whole but remain distinct  entities,such as GE?
Answer: conglomerates

Question: What are some of GE's competitors?
Answer: Westinghouse, Tyco, and others

Question: Name a rival GE company that failed?
Answer: Westinghouse

Question: What is another word for a group of companies?
Answer: wave

Question: Minority of money made by GE is through what?
Answer: manufacturing

Question: what decade did other companies not measure up?
Answer: 1990s

Question: Besides financial services what does GE also do?
Answer: manufacturing

Question: What makes GE successful?
Answer: financial company with a manufacturing arm. It is also one of the largest lenders in countries other than the United States, such as Japan
General_Electric

During 1889, Thomas Edison had business interests in many electricity-related companies: Edison Lamp Company, a lamp manufacturer in East Newark, New Jersey; Edison Machine Works, a manufacturer of dynamos and large electric motors in Schenectady, New York; Bergmann & Company, a manufacturer of electric lighting fixtures, sockets, and other electric lighting devices; and Edison Electric Light Company, the patent-holding company and the financial arm backed by J.P. Morgan and the Vanderbilt family for Edison's lighting experiments. In 1889, Drexel, Morgan & Co., a company founded by J.P. Morgan and Anthony J. Drexel, financed Edison's research and helped merge those companies under one corporation to form Edison General Electric Company which was incorporated in New York on April 24, 1889. The new company also acquired Sprague Electric Railway & Motor Company in the same year.

Question: What was Thomas Edison's only business interest that was not eponymous?
Answer: Bergmann & Company

Question: What does the first company listed produce?
Answer: lamp

Question: If Edison wanted to develop a new gadget prior to 1889, where might he draw the capital from?
Answer: Edison Electric Light Company

Question: Who has a location listed that is not in New York?
Answer: Edison Lamp Company

Question: what was founded by J.P Morgan and Anthony J Drexel?
Answer: Drexel, Morgan & Co

Question: who financed Edison's research?
Answer: Drexel, Morgan & Co

Question: What replaced gas street lights across the country near the end of the 19th century?
Answer: electric lighting devices

Question: A major American investment bank still bears his name?
Answer: J.P. Morgan

Question: whato was a manufacturer of electric motors?
Answer: Edison Machine Works

Question: What company mentioned in the article was co-founded by a major American financial mogul?
Answer: Drexel, Morgan & Co

Question: What happened the same year that Edison had business interests?
Answer: Drexel, Morgan & Co., a company founded by J.P. Morgan and Anthony J. Drexel, financed Edison's research

Question: Who financed Edison and but did not found Drexel?
Answer: Vanderbilt family

Question: What is the second company listed?
Answer: Edison Machine Works

Question: who was the patent holding company?
Answer: Edison Electric Light Company

Question: who was the financial arm?
Answer: Edison Electric Light Company
Letter_case

In Latin, papyri from Herculaneum dating before 79 AD (when it was destroyed) have been found that have been written in old Roman cursive, where the early forms of minuscule letters "d", "h" and "r", for example, can already be recognised. According to papyrologist Knut Kleve, "The theory, then, that the lower-case letters have been developed from the fifth century uncials and the ninth century Carolingian minuscules seems to be wrong." Both majuscule and minuscule letters existed, but the difference between the two variants was initially stylistic rather than orthographic and the writing system was still basically unicameral: a given handwritten document could use either one style or the other but these were not mixed. European languages, except for Ancient Greek and Latin, did not make the case distinction before about 1300.[citation needed]

Question: Written in old Roman cursive, early forms of the "r" letter have been found on what?
Answer: papyri from Herculaneum

Question: Which casing is the opposite of minuscule?
Answer: majuscule

Question: Written in old Roman cursive, early forms of the "h" letter have been found on what?
Answer: papyri from Herculaneum

Question: what time period is mentioned last?
Answer: 1300

Question: What did people from ancient Rome speak?
Answer: Latin

Question: What was destroyed in 79 AD?
Answer: Herculaneum

Question: what time period is mentioned first?
Answer: 79 AD

Question: What does Kleve study?
Answer: papyri

Question: what ethnicity is mentioned first?
Answer: Roman

Question: what ethnicity is mentioned last?
Answer: European

Question: Written in old Roman cursive, early forms of the "d" letter have been found on what?
Answer: papyri from Herculaneum

Question: What is another word for lower-case letters?
Answer: minuscule

Question: what language is mentioned second to last?
Answer: Ancient Greek

Question: Which type of lettering came first: the uncials or the Carolingian miniscules?
Answer: uncials

Question: What was written in old cursive on papyri from before 79 AD?
Answer: early forms of minuscule letters "d", "h" and "r"