UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Middle_Ages

The large external sculptural schemes of Early Gothic churches gave way to more sculpture inside the building, as tombs became more elaborate and other features such as pulpits were sometimes lavishly carved, as in the Pulpit by Giovanni Pisano in Sant'Andrea. Painted or carved wooden relief altarpieces became common, especially as churches created many side-chapels. Early Netherlandish painting by artists such as Jan van Eyck (d. 1441) and Rogier van der Weyden (d. 1464) rivalled that of Italy, as did northern illuminated manuscripts, which in the 15th century began to be collected on a large scale by secular elites, who also commissioned secular books, especially histories. From about 1450 printed books rapidly became popular, though still expensive. There were around 30,000 different editions of incunabula, or works printed before 1500, by which time illuminated manuscripts were commissioned only by royalty and a few others. Very small woodcuts, nearly all religious, were affordable even by peasants in parts of Northern Europe from the middle of the 15th century. More expensive engravings supplied a wealthier market with a variety of images.

Question: Early Gothic churches had sculpture outside and?
Answer: inside

Question: Who, of the artists whose death years are mentioned in the passage, did not live to see the 1450s?
Answer: Jan van Eyck

Question: Giovvanni Pisano could create what kind of art?
Answer: sculpture

Question: Weyden did?
Answer: painting

Question: Who, of the artists whose death years are mentioned in the passage, died sometime after the 1450s?
Answer: Rogier van der Weyden

Question: Eyck was?
Answer: Netherlandish

Question: Who died in the 41st year of the 15th century?
Answer: Jan van Eyck

Question: The person who died in 1464 did what?
Answer: painting

Question: Weyden was?
Answer: Netherlandish
Middle_Ages

The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent during the 2nd century AD; the following two centuries witnessed the slow decline of Roman control over its outlying territories. Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable, with emperors coming to the throne only to be rapidly replaced by new usurpers. Military expenses increased steadily during the 3rd century, mainly in response to the war with Sassanid Persia, which revived in the middle of the 3rd century. The army doubled in size, and cavalry and smaller units replaced the legion as the main tactical unit. The need for revenue led to increased taxes and a decline in numbers of the curial, or landowning, class, and decreasing numbers of them willing to shoulder the burdens of holding office in their native towns. More bureaucrats were needed in the central administration to deal with the needs of the army, which led to complaints from civilians that there were more tax-collectors in the empire than tax-payers.

Question: How did leadership contribute to the problems?
Answer: emperors coming to the throne only to be rapidly replaced by new usurpers

Question: How did the Roman Empire evolve in the first two hundred years of the millenium?
Answer: The Roman Empire reached its greatest territorial extent

Question: what is the first group mentioned?
Answer: The Roman Empire

Question: what is the second time period mentioned?
Answer: 3rd century

Question: what is the last branch of the military mentioned?
Answer: army

Question: what is the first issue bringing down the empire mentioned?
Answer: Economic issues

Question: Why was Rome less stable after the second century?
Answer: Economic issues

Question: How did the military put pressure on the coffers?
Answer: The need for revenue led to increased taxes and a decline in numbers of the curial, or landowning, class, and decreasing numbers of them willing to shoulder the burdens of holding office in their native towns

Question: What did the Roman empire hire due to increased taxes?
Answer: tax-collectors

Question: What happened by the fourth century?
Answer: Economic issues, including inflation, and external pressure on the frontiers combined to make the 3rd century politically unstable

Question: what is the last group mentioned?
Answer: tax-payers

Question: Who was mad about the increase in taxes?
Answer: civilians

Question: What was a key cause of the financial ruin?
Answer: Military expenses
Middle_Ages

Women in the Middle Ages were officially required to be subordinate to some male, whether their father, husband, or other kinsman. Widows, who were often allowed much control over their own lives, were still restricted legally. Women's work generally consisted of household or other domestically inclined tasks. Peasant women were usually responsible for taking care of the household, child-care, as well as gardening and animal husbandry near the house. They could supplement the household income by spinning or brewing at home. At harvest-time, they were also expected to help with field-work. Townswomen, like peasant women, were responsible for the household, and could also engage in trade. What trades were open to women varied by country and period. Noblewomen were responsible for running a household, and could occasionally be expected to handle estates in the absence of male relatives, but they were usually restricted from participation in military or government affairs. The only role open to women in the Church was that of nuns, as they were unable to become priests.

Question: In what sectors could only men serve?
Answer: military or government

Question: What was another duty of women when crops became mature?
Answer: help with field-work

Question: What church role was only for men?
Answer: priests

Question: What could women become if they wanted to serve God?
Answer: nuns

Question: What religious positions were available to women in the Middle Ages?
Answer: nuns

Question: How could women earn additional money in the Middle Ages?
Answer: by spinning or brewing at home
Middle_Ages

Few large stone buildings were constructed between the Constantinian basilicas of the 4th century and the 8th century, although many smaller ones were built during the 6th and 7th centuries. By the beginning of the 8th century, the Carolingian Empire revived the basilica form of architecture. One feature of the basilica is the use of a transept, or the "arms" of a cross-shaped building that are perpendicular to the long nave. Other new features of religious architecture include the crossing tower and a monumental entrance to the church, usually at the west end of the building.

Question: A building material is?
Answer: stone

Question: What is a transept?
Answer: the "arms" of a cross-shaped building that are perpendicular to the long nave

Question: What type of architecture did not get built often during the 6th century?
Answer: the basilica form of architecture

Question: Arms can be called?
Answer: transept

Question: A basilica is what in nature?
Answer: religious

Question: When was the last century where many smaller stone buildings were built?
Answer: 7th

Question: What were constructed in high amounts during the time spanning the 4th to 8th century?
Answer: many smaller ones

Question: What is one distinguishing component of the form of architecture the Carolingian Empire revived in the 8th century?
Answer: the use of a transept

Question: What was typically used in building basilicas?
Answer: stone

Question: What three features of religious archiecture are mentioned in the paragraph?
Answer: transept, or the "arms" of a cross-shaped building that are perpendicular to the long nave. Other new features of religious architecture include the crossing tower and a monumental entrance to the church, usually at the west end of the building

Question: What property of early basilicas shows a directional aspect of worship?
Answer: monumental entrance to the church, usually at the west end of the building
Middle_Ages

Monastic reform inspired change in the secular church. The ideals that it was based upon were brought to the papacy by Pope Leo IX (pope 1049–1054), and provided the ideology of the clerical independence that led to the Investiture Controversy in the late 11th century. This involved Pope Gregory VII (pope 1073–85) and Emperor Henry IV, who initially clashed over episcopal appointments, a dispute that turned into a battle over the ideas of investiture, clerical marriage, and simony. The emperor saw the protection of the Church as one of his responsibilities as well as wanting to preserve the right to appoint his own choices as bishops within his lands, but the papacy insisted on the Church's independence from secular lords. These issues remained unresolved after the compromise of 1122 known as the Concordat of Worms. The dispute represents a significant stage in the creation of a papal monarchy separate from and equal to lay authorities. It also had the permanent consequence of empowering German princes at the expense of the German emperors.

Question: With what event did the Investiture Controversy end?
Answer: Concordat of Worms

Question: Which happened later, the papacy of Gregory VII, or the Concordat of Worms?
Answer: the Concordat of Worms

Question: Which happened later, the late 11th century, or the Concordat of Worms?
Answer: the Concordat of Worms

Question: What was the Investiture Controversy responsible for?
Answer: a dispute that turned into a battle over the ideas of investiture, clerical marriage, and simony

Question: Monastic reform changed the church and caused what?
Answer: Investiture Controversy

Question: What divine calling did the emperor believe that he had?
Answer: protection of the Church

Question: What additional issues beyond who was responsible for putting the clergy into office were raised in the debate between the emperor and the pope?
Answer: investiture, clerical marriage, and simony

Question: What clergyman fought for the Church's independence?
Answer: Pope Gregory VII

Question: Which happened later, the papacy of Leo IX, or the Concordat of Worms?
Answer: the Concordat of Worms

Question: Which happened later, the papacy of Gregory VII, or the year 1122?
Answer: 1122

Question: Which happened earlier, the clash of an emperor with Gregory, or the year 1049?
Answer: 1049

Question: What did Gregory VII and Henry IV start?
Answer: initially clashed over episcopal appointments

Question: What did the dispute between Gregory VII and Henry IV lead to?
Answer: Concordat of Worms

Question: What did the Investiture Controversy start?
Answer: clerical independence

Question: Which Pope had the shortest term in office?
Answer: Pope Leo IX
Middle_Ages

The crusades were intended to seize Jerusalem from Muslim control. The First Crusade was proclaimed by Pope Urban II (pope 1088–99) at the Council of Clermont in 1095 in response to a request from the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081–1118) for aid against further Muslim advances. Urban promised indulgence to anyone who took part. Tens of thousands of people from all levels of society mobilised across Europe and captured Jerusalem in 1099. One feature of the crusades was the pogroms against local Jews that often took place as the crusaders left their countries for the East. These were especially brutal during the First Crusade, when the Jewish communities in Cologne, Mainz, and Worms were destroyed, and other communities in cities between the rivers Seine and Rhine suffered destruction. Another outgrowth of the crusades was the foundation of a new type of monastic order, the military orders of the Templars and Hospitallers, which fused monastic life with military service.

Question: When did the first Crusade end?
Answer: 1099

Question: What was to be had in the conflict?
Answer: The crusades were intended to seize Jerusalem

Question: Who sparked the war?
Answer: Pope Urban II

Question: What was a consequence of the conflict?
Answer: One feature of the crusades was the pogroms against local Jews

Question: What happened after the First Crusade?
Answer: Jewish communities in Cologne, Mainz, and Worms were destroyed

Question: What happened in the first war?
Answer: when the Jewish communities in Cologne, Mainz, and Worms were destroyed, and other communities in cities between the rivers Seine and Rhine suffered destruction

Question: What was a drawback of the war?
Answer: pogroms against local Jews

Question: Who was the defenders in the war?
Answer: Muslim

Question: Who sought control of the land?
Answer: Pope Urban II

Question: Where were the pogroms especially fierce during this time?
Answer: Cologne, Mainz, and Worms

Question: Who did the Crusaders come before?
Answer: Templars and Hospitallers

Question: What was the goal of the war?
Answer: seize Jerusalem

Question: What nation found for control of the land
Answer: the Byzantine
Middle_Ages

Religious beliefs in the Eastern Empire and Persia were in flux during the late 6th and early 7th centuries. Judaism was an active proselytising faith, and at least one Arab political leader converted to it.[J] Christianity had active missions competing with the Persians' Zoroastrianism in seeking converts, especially among residents of the Arabian Peninsula. All these strands came together with the emergence of Islam in Arabia during the lifetime of Muhammad (d. 632). After his death, Islamic forces conquered much of the Eastern Empire and Persia, starting with Syria in 634–635 and reaching Egypt in 640–641, Persia between 637 and 642, North Africa in the later 7th century, and the Iberian Peninsula in 711. By 714, Islamic forces controlled much of the peninsula in a region they called Al-Andalus.

Question: Which area was conquered second, Syria or Persia?
Answer: Persia

Question: what is the first area mentioned?
Answer: Eastern Empire

Question: what is the first ethnicity mentioned?
Answer: Arab

Question: what is the last type of land formation mentioned?
Answer: peninsula

Question: What system of thought that worshipped Allah ended up dominating the cape known as the Muslim Iberia?
Answer: Islamic forces

Question: What underwent major alterations in the Byzantine lands and the land now known as Iran?
Answer: Religious beliefs

Question: In what period did the system of faith that worships Allah begin to form?
Answer: the lifetime of Muhammad

Question: what is the second area mentioned?
Answer: Persia

Question: what is the last area mentioned?
Answer: Al-Andalus

Question: What system of thought was the credo that follows the Jewish man known as the Messiah facing off against in the rush to gain adherents?
Answer: Zoroastrianism

Question: Which area was conquered after 635, Syria or Egypt?
Answer: Egypt

Question: What credo was one official in the Middle East known to have joined in the time of religious change in the Byzantine area and the area now known as Iran?
Answer: Judaism

Question: Which area was conquered before 640, Syria or Egypt?
Answer: Syria

Question: Which area was conquered before 700, Persia or the Iberian Peninsula?
Answer: Persia

Question: Which area was conquered before 700, Egypt or the Iberian Peninsula?
Answer: Egypt
Cotton

Most cotton in the United States, Europe and Australia is harvested mechanically, either by a cotton picker, a machine that removes the cotton from the boll without damaging the cotton plant, or by a cotton stripper, which strips the entire boll off the plant. Cotton strippers are used in regions where it is too windy to grow picker varieties of cotton, and usually after application of a chemical defoliant or the natural defoliation that occurs after a freeze. Cotton is a perennial crop in the tropics, and without defoliation or freezing, the plant will continue to grow.

Question: What part of the plant does a stripper remove?
Answer: the entire boll

Question: What plant structure does cotton grow inside?
Answer: the boll

Question: Why do you need to chemically defoliate the cotton plant?
Answer: the plant will continue to grow

Question: Which way of harvesting is better if you want to keep the plant intact?
Answer: picker

Question: At what chronological frequency does cotton grow?
Answer: perennial

Question: What is a way to keep the plant from growing without using chemicals?
Answer: freezing

Question: Which of the following causes defoliation: windy weather, a freeze or the tropics?
Answer: a freeze

Question: When is it better to use a stripper?
Answer: where it is too windy

Question: What kind of machine is better if you don't care about the state that the plant is left in?
Answer: stripper

Question: What natural condition might lead to a farmer choosing to use a stripper rather than a picker?
Answer: windy

Question: Which of the following is not part of a plant: a boll or a stripper?
Answer: stripper

Question: Which of the following is a machine: a perennial crop, a cotton plant or a cotton stripper?
Answer: stripper

Question: What can happen to cotton when the temperature drops below 32 F?
Answer: natural defoliation
Cotton

Cotton remained a key crop in the Southern economy after emancipation and the end of the Civil War in 1865. Across the South, sharecropping evolved, in which landless black and white farmers worked land owned by others in return for a share of the profits. Some farmers rented the land and bore the production costs themselves. Until mechanical cotton pickers were developed, cotton farmers needed additional labor to hand-pick cotton. Picking cotton was a source of income for families across the South. Rural and small town school systems had split vacations so children could work in the fields during "cotton-picking."

Question: Cotton production could be done by hand or what methods?
Answer: mechanical

Question: What happened after the Civil War?
Answer: sharecropping evolved

Question: Anyone of any race could do?
Answer: sharecropping

Question: What was a defining event in the South?
Answer: the Civil War

Question: Besides children, who else picked cotton?
Answer: landless black and white farmers

Question: How did most people in the south make money?
Answer: Picking cotton

Question: How did schools accomodate farm labor in the South?
Answer: Rural and small town school systems had split vacations

Question: Children picked cotton and also went to?
Answer: school

Question: What fundamentally changed the nature of Southern agricultural labor?
Answer: mechanical cotton pickers were developed
Oklahoma_City

Oklahoma City and the surrounding metropolitan area are home to a number of health care facilities and specialty hospitals. In Oklahoma City's MidTown district near downtown resides the state's oldest and largest single site hospital, St. Anthony Hospital and Physicians Medical Center.

Question: The name for an arithmetical value, expressed as a word or symbol used in counting and calculations is?
Answer: number

Question: What is in the city proper?
Answer: St. Anthony Hospital and Physicians Medical Center

Question: A person that is an inhabitant of a metropolis is subsequently called a?
Answer: metropolitan

Question: Where are the facilities that do not have an Oklahoma City zip code?
Answer: the surrounding metropolitan area

Question: In what part of the US can you find St. Anthony Hospital?
Answer: Oklahoma City

Question: What is the name of the biggest button and most used on iOS devices such as a iPhone?
Answer: home

Question: What district in Oklahoma City has the Oklahoma City National Memorial?
Answer: downtown

Question: What might I see on a historical tour of the city?
Answer: St. Anthony Hospital and Physicians Medical Center

Question: What term used to describe an institution/building stems from the Latin word of stranger or visitor?
Answer: hospital

Question: What quantity of medical buildings can be found in Oklahoma City?
Answer: a number

Question: Which version of hospital can be found in Oklahoma city?
Answer: specialty
Oklahoma_City

Oklahoma City is protected by the Oklahoma City Fire Department (OKCFD), which employs 1015 paid, professional firefighters. The current Chief of Department is G. Keith Bryant, the department is also commanded by three Deputy Chiefs, who – along with the department chief – oversee the Operational Services, Prevention Services, and Support Services bureaus. The OKCFD currently operates out of 37 fire stations, located throughout the city in six battalions. The OKCFD also operates a fire apparatus fleet of 36 engines (including 30 paramedic engines), 13 ladders, 16 brush patrol units, six water tankers, two hazardous materials units, one Technical Rescue Unit, one Air Supply Unit, six Arson Investigation Units, and one Rehabilitation Unit. Each engine is staffed with a driver, an officer, and one to two firefighters, while each ladder company is staffed with a driver, an officer, and one firefighter. Minimum staffing per shift is 213 personnel. The Oklahoma City Fire Department responds to over 70,000 emergency calls annually.

Question: Does the fire apparatus fleet have more ladders or brush patrol units?
Answer: brush patrol units

Question: What fire vehicles does the OKCFD hold in its inventory?
Answer: 36 engines (including 30 paramedic engines), 13 ladders, 16 brush patrol units, six water tankers, two hazardous materials units, one Technical Rescue Unit, one Air Supply Unit, six Arson Investigation Units, and one Rehabilitation Unit

Question: Does the fire apparatus fleet have more engines or ladders?
Answer: engines

Question: In general, what is the article about?
Answer: Oklahoma City Fire Department (OKCFD)

Question: How many personnel operate a typical OKCFD fire engine?
Answer: a driver, an officer, and one to two firefighters

Question: Does the fire apparatus fleet have more ladders or water tankers?
Answer: ladders

Question: What are the major internal divisions of the OKCFD?
Answer: Operational Services, Prevention Services, and Support Services bureaus

Question: How is the OKCFD organized?
Answer: 37 fire stations, located throughout the city in six battalions

Question: Does the fire apparatus fleet have more hazardous materials units or Technical Rescue Units?
Answer: hazardous materials units

Question: OKCFD is splited into what departments?
Answer: Operational Services, Prevention Services, and Support Services bureaus

Question: where does OKCFD operates?
Answer: Oklahoma City

Question: what is OKCFD?
Answer: professional firefighters

Question: OKCFD is responsible to?
Answer: Oklahoma City

Question: Does the fire apparatus fleet have a lower number of Air Supply Units or Arson Investigation Units?
Answer: Air Supply Unit