UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Asphalt

People can be exposed to asphalt in the workplace by breathing in fumes or skin absorption. The National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has set a Recommended exposure limit (REL) of 5 mg/m3 over a 15-minute period. Asphalt is basically an inert material that must be heated or diluted to a point where it becomes workable for the production of materials for paving, roofing, and other applications. In examining the potential health hazards associated with asphalt, the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) determined that it is the application parameters, predominantly temperature, that effect occupational exposure and the potential bioavailable carcinogenic hazard/risk of the asphalt emissions. In particular, temperatures greater than 199 °C (390 °F), were shown to produce a greater exposure risk than when asphalt was heated to lower temperatures, such as those typically used in asphalt pavement mix production and placement.

Question: Why is it dangerous get asphalt on you?
Answer: skin absorption

Question: What is the exposure length of the safe limit of fumes in minutes?
Answer: 15

Question: A place that researches this disease also researched asphalt?
Answer: Cancer

Question: Asphalt isn't suitable for industrial purposes if it is not?
Answer: heated or diluted

Question: What can be a drawback to using asphalt?
Answer: fumes or skin absorption

Question: What conclusion can be made about asphalt emissions?
Answer: temperatures greater than 199 °C (390 °F), were shown to produce a greater exposure risk than when asphalt was heated to lower temperatures

Question: What information is simply background/informational?
Answer: Asphalt is basically an inert material that must be heated or diluted to a point where it becomes workable for the production of materials

Question: What premise does the passage first make?
Answer: People can be exposed to asphalt in the workplace by breathing in fumes or skin absorption

Question: People should try to not breathe in?
Answer: asphalt
Asphalt

Naturally occurring crude asphalt/bitumen impregnated in sedimentary rock is the prime feed stock for petroleum production from "Oil sands", currently under development in Alberta, Canada. Canada has most of the world's supply of natural asphalt/bitumen, covering 140,000 square kilometres (an area larger than England), giving it the second-largest proven oil reserves in the world. The Athabasca oil sands is the largest asphalt/bitumen deposit in Canada and the only one accessible to surface mining, although recent technological breakthroughs have resulted in deeper deposits becoming producible by in situ methods. Because of oil price increases after 2003, producing bitumen became highly profitable, but as a result of the decline after 2014 it became uneconomic to build new plants again. By 2014, Canadian crude asphalt/bitumen production averaged about 2.3 million barrels (370,000 m3) per day and was projected to rise to 4.4 million barrels (700,000 m3) per day by 2020. The total amount of crude asphalt/bitumen in Alberta which could be extracted is estimated to be about 310 billion barrels (50×10^9 m3), which at a rate of 4,400,000 barrels per day (700,000 m3/d) would last about 200 years.

Question: What is the size of England?
Answer: supply of natural asphalt/bitumen

Question: Is it harder to mine the surface or deeper deposits?
Answer: deeper deposits

Question: What has reduced profitability in the oil sands industry?
Answer: Because of oil price increases after 2003, producing bitumen became highly profitable, but as a result of the decline after 2014

Question: How has production potential from the oil sands been increased?
Answer: recent technological breakthroughs

Question: What can you use to get other sources of bitumen besides that which is on the surface?
Answer: situ

Question: Why did production slow down several years ago?
Answer: it became uneconomic

Question: What is mined on the surface?
Answer: asphalt/bitumen deposit

Question: In 1999, was producing bitumen profitable or uneconomic?
Answer: uneconomic

Question: What geography is suited for bitumen production?
Answer: sedimentary rock

Question: Which is more valuable, bitumen or sedimentary rock?
Answer: bitumen

Question: Where does the natural asphalt/bitumen come from?
Answer: Oil sands
Asphalt

The first British patent for the use of asphalt/bitumen was 'Cassell's patent asphalte or bitumen' in 1834. Then on 25 November 1837, Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of Seyssel asphalt (patent #7849), for use in asphalte pavement, having seen it employed in France and Belgium when visiting with Frederick Walter Simms, who worked with him on the introduction of asphalt to Britain. Dr T. Lamb Phipson writes that his father, Samuel Ryland Phipson, a friend of Claridge, was also "instrumental in introducing the asphalte pavement (in 1836)". Indeed, mastic pavements had been previously employed at Vauxhall by a competitor of Claridge, but without success.

Question: Who worked on developing pavement besides Cassell, Claridge, and Seyssel?
Answer: Samuel Ryland Phipson

Question: Who, between Dr T. Lamb and Samuel Ryland, was crucial to introducing the asphalt patent?
Answer: Samuel Ryland

Question: __ is 2.1 km south of Charing Cross.
Answer: Vauxhall

Question: Where was the second patent first mentioned to be found?
Answer: France

Question: Whose buddy lent a hand the development of asphalt?
Answer: Richard Tappin Claridge

Question: Who else tried asphalt but failed?
Answer: Vauxhall

Question: What happened before a time span of 3 years?
Answer: first British patent for the use of asphalt/bitumen was 'Cassell's patent asphalte or bitumen' in 1834

Question: Who, between Claridge and Samuel Ryland Phipson, is the owner of patent #7849?
Answer: Claridge

Question: Where was the second patent second mentioned to be found?
Answer: Belgium

Question: Who's idea was patented first Cassell or Richard Tappin Claridge?
Answer: Cassell

Question: What happened on the 36th year of the 1800s?
Answer: Richard Tappin Claridge patented the use of Seyssel asphalt

Question: __ was part of Surrey until 1889.
Answer: Vauxhall

Question: What physician's parent helped develop asphalt?
Answer: Dr T. Lamb

Question: __was originally part of the Manor of South Lambeth.
Answer: Vauxhall
Asphalt

Asphalt/bitumen is typically stored and transported at temperatures around 150 °C (302 °F). Sometimes diesel oil or kerosene are mixed in before shipping to retain liquidity; upon delivery, these lighter materials are separated out of the mixture. This mixture is often called "bitumen feedstock", or BFS. Some dump trucks route the hot engine exhaust through pipes in the dump body to keep the material warm. The backs of tippers carrying asphalt/bitumen, as well as some handling equipment, are also commonly sprayed with a releasing agent before filling to aid release. Diesel oil is no longer used as a release agent due to environmental concerns.

Question: What makes the kerosene easy to separate?
Answer: lighter materials

Question: Which method of keeping asphalt soft has the biggest impact on our planet?
Answer: Diesel oil

Question: What is mentioned that starts with a k that some people use to heat their homes?
Answer: kerosene

Question: How do companies keep asphalt soft during delivery?
Answer: diesel oil or kerosene are mixed in before shipping to retain liquidity

Question: What material starts with a b?
Answer: bitumen

Question: Which of the following is the lightest: asphalt, kerosene or bitumen?
Answer: kerosene

Question: What happens to the diesel and kerosene when the shipment arrives at its final destination?
Answer: these lighter materials are separated out of the mixture

Question: Which of the following substances is not conveyed through pipes: exhaust or asphalt?
Answer: asphalt

Question: What is normally on the ground of a children's playground area?
Answer: Asphalt

Question: In the United States how warm is asphalt kept during delivery?
Answer: (302 °F

Question: Which of the following is not mixed in with asphalt: diesel oil, releasing agent or kerosene?
Answer: releasing agent

Question: How do people in the industry refer to the solutions that are added to asphalt to keep it soft?
Answer: bitumen feedstock", or BFS

Question: What is mentioned that can be used in some trucks as fuel?
Answer: diesel oil
Asphalt

Asphalt/bitumen can sometimes be confused with "coal tar", which is a visually similar black, thermoplastic material produced by the destructive distillation of coal. During the early and mid-20th century when town gas was produced, coal tar was a readily available byproduct and extensively used as the binder for road aggregates. The addition of tar to macadam roads led to the word tarmac, which is now used in common parlance to refer to road-making materials. However, since the 1970s, when natural gas succeeded town gas, asphalt/bitumen has completely overtaken the use of coal tar in these applications. Other examples of this confusion include the La Brea Tar Pits and the Canadian oil sands, both of which actually contain natural bitumen rather than tar. Pitch is another term sometimes used at times to refer to asphalt/bitumen, as in Pitch Lake.

Question: Coal tar is a waste product of the production of what?
Answer: town gas

Question: What has also been used in road aggregates besides coal tar?
Answer: Asphalt/bitumen

Question: Asphalt is not a tar, it is a what?
Answer: bitumen

Question: What do you use to make coal tar?
Answer: coal

Question: Coal tar is produced as a byproduct when coal is turned into what?
Answer: town gas

Question: What material replaced coal tar in the making of roads when the use of natural gas overtook town gas?
Answer: asphalt/bitumen

Question: What seems like but is not coal tar?
Answer: Asphalt

Question: Why do we use  coal tar?
Answer: binder

Question: The name the "La Brea Tar Pits" is ironic because it is made up of what?
Answer: natural bitumen rather than tar

Question: What is Asphalt similar to in application?
Answer: binder

Question: What would you use the substance confused with Asphalt for?
Answer: binder
Asphalt

When maintenance is performed on asphalt pavements, such as milling to remove a worn or damaged surface, the removed material can be returned to a facility for processing into new pavement mixtures. The asphalt/bitumen in the removed material can be reactivated and put back to use in new pavement mixes. With some 95% of paved roads being constructed of or surfaced with asphalt, a substantial amount of asphalt pavement material is reclaimed each year. According to industry surveys conducted annually by the Federal Highway Administration and the National Asphalt Pavement Association, more than 99% of the asphalt removed each year from road surfaces during widening and resurfacing projects is reused as part of new pavements, roadbeds, shoulders and embankments.

Question: Where does recycled material go
Answer: pavements, roadbeds, shoulders and embankments

Question: What is a recyclable material that can be used in new embankments?
Answer: asphalt

Question: Milling is a form of?
Answer: maintenance

Question: The majority of paved roads use asphalt; what happens with it when maintenance is performed?
Answer: material is reclaimed

Question: How do we know how much asphalt is recycled?
Answer: industry surveys

Question: Paved roads are almost always made of?
Answer: asphalt

Question: Where might you find recycled asphalt and bitumen being put back to use?
Answer: facility

Question: What activities can result in the recycling of asphalt?
Answer: widening and resurfacing projects

Question: Ingredient of asphalt
Answer: bitumen

Question: Pavement is made of?
Answer: asphalt/bitumen
Hyderabad

The region is well known for its Golconda and Hyderabad painting styles which are branches of Deccani painting. Developed during the 16th century, the Golconda style is a native style blending foreign techniques and bears some similarity to the Vijayanagara paintings of neighbouring Mysore. A significant use of luminous gold and white colours is generally found in the Golconda style. The Hyderabad style originated in the 17th century under the Nizams. Highly influenced by Mughal painting, this style makes use of bright colours and mostly depicts regional landscape, culture, costumes and jewellery.

Question: Why might Golconda share similarity to Vijayanagara style?
Answer: neighbouring

Question: What sparked the Golconda style?
Answer: native style blending foreign techniques and bears some similarity to the Vijayanagara paintings of neighbouring Mysore

Question: Why might Hyderabad style not resemble the Vijayanagara style?
Answer: Developed during the 16th century, the Golconda style is a native style blending foreign techniques and bears some similarity to the Vijayanagara paintings of neighbouring Mysore. A significant use of luminous gold and white colours is generally found in the Golconda style. The Hyderabad style originated in the 17th century under the Nizams

Question: What is Golconda?
Answer: painting styles

Question: What might be a main difference between Golconda and Hyderabad styles?
Answer: Golconda style is a native style

Question: What suggests Deccani style lasted at least 2 centuries?
Answer: Developed during the 16th century, the Golconda style is a native style blending foreign techniques and bears some similarity to the Vijayanagara paintings of neighbouring Mysore. A significant use of luminous gold and white colours is generally found in the Golconda style. The Hyderabad style originated in the 17th century

Question: What signifies Golconda?
Answer: use of luminous gold and white colours is generally found in the Golconda style

Question: What sparked the idea of this style?
Answer: Mughal painting

Question: What signifies Hyderabad?
Answer: this style makes use of bright colours and mostly depicts regional landscape, culture, costumes and jewellery

Question: What is popular because of things like Hyderabad?
Answer: The region

Question: Where did the similar paintings come from?
Answer: Mysore

Question: What are make of the types of Deccani painting?
Answer: styles
Hyderabad

On 1 November 1956 the states of India were reorganised by language. Hyderabad state was split into three parts, which were merged with neighbouring states to form the modern states of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh. The nine Telugu- and Urdu-speaking districts of Hyderabad State in the Telangana region were merged with the Telugu-speaking Andhra State to create Andhra Pradesh, with Hyderabad as its capital. Several protests, known collectively as the Telangana movement, attempted to invalidate the merger and demanded the creation of a new Telangana state. Major actions took place in 1969 and 1972, and a third began in 2010. The city suffered several explosions: one at Dilsukhnagar in 2002 claimed two lives; terrorist bombs in May and August 2007 caused communal tension and riots; and two bombs exploded in February 2013. On 30 July 2013 the government of India declared that part of Andhra Pradesh would be split off to form a new Telangana state, and that Hyderabad city would be the capital city and part of Telangana, while the city would also remain the capital of Andhra Pradesh for no more than ten years. On 3 October 2013 the Union Cabinet approved the proposal, and in February 2014 both houses of Parliament passed the Telangana Bill. With the final assent of the President of India in June 2014, Telangana state was formed.

Question: Which of these states was NOT later partitioned to create the new Telangana state, Andhra Pradesh or Karnataka?
Answer: Karnataka

Question: Which year were there more explosions in the city, 2013 or 2002?
Answer: 2013

Question: When did the second action in the Telangana movement take place?
Answer: 1972

Question: What proved fatal in the fight for a Telangana state?
Answer: explosions

Question: What happened four months before the passing of the Telangana Bill?
Answer: the Union Cabinet approved the proposal

Question: Which state is younger, Maharashtra or Telangana?
Answer: Telangana

Question: Which year had more explosions, 2002 or 2013?
Answer: 2013

Question: What event took place eight months after the Union Cabinet approved the proposal?
Answer: Telangana state was formed

Question: What time span was initially put on the transition of the new state?
Answer: ten years

Question: In what year did the on-going terroristic actions succeed in getting governmental recognition?
Answer: 2014

Question: In what year were there two different months in which the city suffered due to explosions?
Answer: 2007
Hyderabad

The most popular sports played in Hyderabad are cricket and association football. At the professional level, the city has hosted national and international sports events such as the 2002 National Games of India, the 2003 Afro-Asian Games, the 2004 AP Tourism Hyderabad Open women's tennis tournament, the 2007 Military World Games, the 2009 World Badminton Championships and the 2009 IBSF World Snooker Championship. The city hosts a number of venues suitable for professional competition such as the Swarnandhra Pradesh Sports Complex for field hockey, the G. M. C. Balayogi Stadium in Gachibowli for athletics and football, and for cricket, the Lal Bahadur Shastri Stadium and Rajiv Gandhi International Cricket Stadium, home ground of the Hyderabad Cricket Association. Hyderabad has hosted many international cricket matches, including matches in the 1987 and the 1996 ICC Cricket World Cups. The Hyderabad cricket team represents the city in the Ranji Trophy—a first-class cricket tournament among India's states and cities. Hyderabad is also home to the Indian Premier League franchise Sunrisers Hyderabad. A previous franchise was the Deccan Chargers, which won the 2009 Indian Premier League held in South Africa.

Question: What is the active cricket team in Hyderabad?
Answer: Sunrisers Hyderabad

Question: What Cricket World Cup did Hyderabad host in the 80s?
Answer: ICC Cricket World Cups

Question: What was the second Premier League Franchise team?
Answer: Sunrisers Hyderabad

Question: What games did Hyderabad host that is played with a birdie?
Answer: 2009 World Badminton Championships

Question: Which event involved African players?
Answer: 2003 Afro-Asian Games

Question: What did Hyderbad host that was not for men?
Answer: Ranji Trophy

Question: What competition was played in the G.M.C. Balayogi Stadium?
Answer: football

Question: Where did the Deccan Chargers play?
Answer: Hyderabad

Question: Who are the Deccan Chargers?
Answer: previous franchise
Hyderabad

Institutes in Hyderabad include the National Institute of Rural Development, the Indian School of Business, the Institute of Public Enterprise, the Administrative Staff College of India and the Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy. Technical and engineering schools include the International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad (IIITH), Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani – Hyderabad (BITS Hyderabad) and Indian Institute of Technology, Hyderabad (IIT-H) as well as agricultural engineering institutes such as the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and the Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University. Hyderabad also has schools of fashion design including Raffles Millennium International, NIFT Hyderabad and Wigan and Leigh College. The National Institute of Design, Hyderabad (NID-H), will offer undergraduate and postgraduate courses from 2015.

Question: What does the T in "ICRISAT" stand for?
Answer: Tropics

Question: What does the C in "ICRISAT" stand for?
Answer: Crops

Question: what is the first place of learning mentioned?
Answer: National Institute of Rural Development

Question: what is the last time period mentioned?
Answer: 2015

Question: Where can students study learn to design clothing?
Answer: Raffles Millennium International, NIFT Hyderabad and Wigan and Leigh College

Question: what is the first location mentioned?
Answer: Hyderabad

Question: What does the R in "ICRISAT" stand for?
Answer: Research

Question: How do you abbreviate the International Institute of Information Technology, Hyderabad?
Answer: IIITH

Question: what is the last location mentioned?
Answer: Hyderabad

Question: what is the last place of learning mentioned?
Answer: National Institute of Design

Question: Where can students study law enforcement?
Answer: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel National Police Academy

Question: Where can students study agriculture?
Answer: International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT) and the Acharya N. G. Ranga Agricultural University

Question: How do you abbreviate the National Institute of Design, Hyderabad?
Answer: NID-H
Hyderabad

Television broadcasting in Hyderabad began in 1974 with the launch of Doordarshan, the Government of India's public service broadcaster, which transmits two free-to-air terrestrial television channels and one satellite channel. Private satellite channels started in July 1992 with the launch of Star TV. Satellite TV channels are accessible via cable subscription, direct-broadcast satellite services or internet-based television. Hyderabad's first dial-up internet access became available in the early 1990s and was limited to software development companies. The first public internet access service began in 1995, with the first private sector internet service provider (ISP) starting operations in 1998. In 2015, high-speed public WiFi was introduced in parts of the city.

Question: What can residents of Hyderabad use if they want to search the web?
Answer: high-speed public WiFi

Question: People besides software development companies could use internet when?
Answer: 1995

Question: During what year did private citizens get access to the first channels?
Answer: 1974

Question: What is available to residents of Hyderabad if they want to search for things on the web?
Answer: high-speed public WiFi

Question: Hyderabad is located in?
Answer: India

Question: Originally television broadcasting in Hyderabad, which began in 1974, only had?
Answer: two free-to-air terrestrial television channels and one satellite channel

Question: What entity controlled the city's first broadcasts?
Answer: Government of India

Question: What do people in Hyderabad use to search the web?
Answer: high-speed public WiFi
Hyderabad

Hyderabad is also home to a number of centres specialising in particular fields such as biomedical sciences, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals, such as the National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) and National Institute of Nutrition (NIN). Hyderabad has five major medical schools—Osmania Medical College, Gandhi Medical College, Nizam's Institute of Medical Sciences, Deccan College of Medical Sciences and Shadan Institute of Medical Sciences—and many affiliated teaching hospitals. The Government Nizamia Tibbi College is a college of Unani medicine. Hyderabad is also the headquarters of the Indian Heart Association, a non-profit foundation for cardiovascular education.

Question: Hyderabad is home to which type of institutions that normally attend to the sick and elderly?
Answer: hospitals

Question: In Hyderabad, there are many organizations that specialize in various fields of Science, which field would be useful for individuals interested in developing medicine?
Answer: pharmaceuticals

Question: Which medical school college located in Hyderabad is a specialist in teaching treatments that are based on Eastern medical practices?
Answer: The Government Nizamia Tibbi College

Question: This city has the headquarters of a non-profit investigating what system?
Answer: cardiovascular

Question: The NIN is a type of?
Answer: centres specialising in particular fields such as biomedical sciences, biotechnology and pharmaceuticals

Question: Osmania and Nizam's Institute are types of?
Answer: medical schools

Question: There are 5 major medical schools located in Hydrabad along with other organizations of interest, which is not known for profiteering off its education?
Answer: Indian Heart Association