UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Economy_of_Greece

Energy production in Greece is dominated by the Public Power Corporation (known mostly by its acronym ΔΕΗ, or in English DEI). In 2009 DEI supplied for 85.6% of all energy demand in Greece, while the number fell to 77.3% in 2010. Almost half (48%) of DEI's power output is generated using lignite, a drop from the 51.6% in 2009. Another 12% comes from Hydroelectric power plants and another 20% from natural gas. Between 2009 and 2010, independent companies' energy production increased by 56%, from 2,709 Gigawatt hour in 2009 to 4,232 GWh in 2010.

Question: Is a smaller percentage of DEI's power output generated by natural gas or Hydroelectric power plants?
Answer: Hydroelectric power plants

Question: Did DEI supply a larger percentage of Greece's energy demand in 2009 or 2010?
Answer: 2009

Question: Is a larger percentage of DEI's power output generated by Hydroelectric power plants or lignite?
Answer: lignite

Question: To what lower percentage did energy demand reach in the year after 2009?
Answer: 77.3%

Question: What is generated primarily by the Public Power Corporation?
Answer: Energy production in Greece

Question: In the year before 2010, what was the energy production of independent companies?
Answer: 2,709

Question: Is a smaller percentage of DEI's power output generated by natural gas or lignite?
Answer: natural gas

Question: In the year after 2009, how much Gigawatt hours did production increase?
Answer: 4,232

Question: What's another acronym for the DEI?
Answer: ΔΕΗ

Question: Was the energy production from independent companies lower in 2009 or 2010?
Answer: 2009
Economy_of_Greece

The country is a significant agricultural producer within the EU. Greece has the largest economy in the Balkans and is as an important regional investor. Greece was the largest foreign investor in Albania in 2013, the third in Bulgaria, in the top-three in Romania and Serbia and the most important trading partner and largest foreign investor in the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia. The Greek telecommunications company OTE has become a strong investor in former Yugoslavia and in other Balkan countries.

Question: Which of the following is not a common industry in Greece: agricultural, telecommunications or trading?
Answer: trading

Question: Where did Greece invest other than Albania, Serbia, Romania, and Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia?
Answer: Bulgaria

Question: Which of the following has the biggest economy: Greece, the EU, or Bulgaria?
Answer: the EU

Question: Where did Greece invest other than Albania, Bulgaria, Romania, and Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia?
Answer: Serbia

Question: Where did Greece invest other than Albania, Bulgaria, Serbia, and Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia?
Answer: Romania

Question: In which of the following countries is Greece NOT the primary investor: Macedonia, Albania, or Bulgaria?
Answer: Bulgaria

Question: How much did the former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia count on Greece to invest in them?
Answer: most important trading partner and largest foreign investor

Question: Where did Greece invest other than Albania, Serbia, Romania, and Bulgaria?
Answer: Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia
Treaty

Treaties formed an important part of European colonization and, in many parts of the world, Europeans attempted to legitimize their sovereignty by signing treaties with indigenous peoples. In most cases these treaties were in extremely disadvantageous terms to the native people, who often did not appreciate the implications of what they were signing.

Question: Natives were often not aware of the meaning of?
Answer: Treaties

Question: What was confusing to indigenous people?
Answer: treaties

Question: Who did the Europeans try to exploit?
Answer: native people

Question: What was really important to the Europeans?
Answer: In most cases these treaties were in extremely disadvantageous terms to the native people, who often did not appreciate the implications of what they were signing

Question: Who was getting a better deal out of the treaty?
Answer: Europeans

Question: Why was it morally wrong of the Europeans to allow the natives to sign the treaties?
Answer: were in extremely disadvantageous terms to the native people

Question: What was the reward for exploiting the indigenous people?
Answer: European colonization

Question: Where did the colonizers ask for the treaties to be signed?
Answer: many parts of the world

Question: If the Europeans had more morals, what would they not have asked of the natives?
Answer: to legitimize their sovereignty by signing treaties

Question: Who felt they needed to be validated?
Answer: Europeans

Question: Europeans tried to show they were fair with treaties, which were actually often?
Answer: extremely disadvantageous

Question: Europeans did what to natives?
Answer: colonization
Treaty

Treaties may be seen as 'self-executing', in that merely becoming a party puts the treaty and all of its obligations in action. Other treaties may be non-self-executing and require 'implementing legislation'—a change in the domestic law of a state party that will direct or enable it to fulfill treaty obligations. An example of a treaty requiring such legislation would be one mandating local prosecution by a party for particular crimes.

Question: How is the self-executing treaty activated?
Answer: merely becoming a party puts the treaty and all of its obligations in action

Question: How do treaties differ?
Answer: treaties may be non-self-executing and require 'implementing legislation'

Question: What needs to be done to put a treaty into action?
Answer: a change in the domestic law of a state party that will direct or enable it to fulfill treaty obligations

Question: What is a part of a treaty?
Answer: a change in the domestic law of a state party that will direct or enable it to fulfill treaty obligations

Question: What is the difference between the two types of treaties?
Answer: non-self-executing and require 'implementing legislation'—a change in the domestic law of a state party that will direct or enable it to fulfill treaty obligations

Question: In what realm may it be necessary for a treaty to require legislation?
Answer: local prosecution by a party for particular crimes

Question: What type of treaty would need laws?
Answer: one mandating local prosecution by a party for particular crimes

Question: What is required for a treaty to be activated?
Answer: legislation

Question: What is a treaty that doesn't require accompanying laws?
Answer: self-executing

Question: How does a non-self executing treaty work in practice?
Answer: require 'implementing legislation'—a change in the domestic law of a state party that will direct or enable it to fulfill treaty obligations
Treaty

In function and effectiveness, the UN has been compared to the pre-Constitutional United States Federal government by some[citation needed], giving a comparison between modern treaty law and the historical Articles of Confederation.

Question: what branch of legal concept is been cited?
Answer: modern treaty law

Question: what is been disussed in the passage?
Answer: the UN

Question: What did the US do before the Constitution
Answer: Articles of Confederation

Question: citation is said to be?
Answer: needed

Question: What two factors can you use to compare the UN to the pre-Constitutional US government?
Answer: function and effectiveness

Question: what level of govenment is been cited?
Answer: Federal

Question: What are the Articles of Confederation like
Answer: UN

Question: Who has compared the UN to the pre-Constitutional US government?
Answer: some

Question: Which came last the UN or the Articles of Confederation
Answer: UN

Question: During which stage of history can the US government be compared to the UN?
Answer: pre-Constitutional

Question: During which historical era could the US government be compared to the UN?
Answer: pre-Constitutional

Question: What can the Articles of Confederation be compared to?
Answer: modern treaty law
Treaty

Treaties are not necessarily permanently binding upon the signatory parties. As obligations in international law are traditionally viewed as arising only from the consent of states, many treaties expressly allow a state to withdraw as long as it follows certain procedures of notification. For example, the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs provides that the treaty will terminate if, as a result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40. Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal. Article 56 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties provides that where a treaty is silent over whether or not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless:

Question: What are the conditions under which a state can pull out of its treaty obligations?
Answer: as long as it follows certain procedures of notification

Question: Who are the signatory parties?
Answer: states

Question: How can the number of parties in the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs drop below forty?
Answer: denunciations

Question: Why would a party notify the other party?
Answer: to withdraw

Question: What isn't specifically said but is understood?
Answer: viewed as arising only from the consent of states

Question: What is true of some strict treaties?
Answer: Many treaties expressly forbid withdrawal

Question: If only one actor that has signed into a treaty takes action, how have they acted?
Answer: unilaterally

Question: Where is there evidence that something is missing and leaves you wondering what the answer is?
Answer: not it can be denounced there is a rebuttable presumption that it cannot be unilaterally denounced unless

Question: What can be temporary?
Answer: Treaties

Question: What part of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties addresses what to do when a treaty does not address denunciation?
Answer: Article 56

Question: What needs to happen for a treaty to be valid?
Answer: consent of states

Question: What do treaties do when they don't forbid withdrawals?
Answer: allow a state to withdraw

Question: What specific rules must states follow regarding their agreements?
Answer: Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

Question: What do some treaties do when they don't allow a state to withdraw?
Answer: expressly forbid withdrawal

Question: How is it possible for the number of parties in the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs to drop to a level at which the treaty will terminate?
Answer: denunciations

Question: What happens when enough parties denounce the Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs to make the number of parties fall below forty?
Answer: the treaty will terminate

Question: What shows how one way entity can get out of an agreement?
Answer: result of denunciations, the number of parties falls below 40
Treaty

The end of a treaty, the eschatocol (or closing protocol), is often signaled by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof," the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution. The date is typically written in its most formal, longest possible form. For example, the Charter of the United Nations was "DONE at the city of San Francisco the twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five." If the treaty is executed in multiple copies in different languages, that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic.

Question: Where do parties typically sign a treaty?
Answer: The end of a treaty, the eschatocol

Question: How is the fnal part of a treaty marked?
Answer: in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof,"

Question: How would the date be written on a treaty if the date was June 26, 1945?
Answer: twenty-sixth day of June, one thousand nine hundred and forty-five

Question: How do you determine the treaty is closing?
Answer: by a clause like "in witness whereof" or "in faith whereof,"

Question: How do you know when when a treaty is done?
Answer: the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at

Question: Where would a clause like "in witness thereof" be found in a treaty?
Answer: the eschatocol

Question: How do you finish up a treaty?
Answer: the parties have affixed their signatures, followed by the words "DONE at," then the site(s) of the treaty's execution and the date(s) of its execution

Question: Where in a treat is the day and placed noted?
Answer: DONE at,"

Question: In witness whereof is followed by what?
Answer: the parties have affixed their signatures

Question: What is required for a treaty to be executed in different languages?
Answer: that fact is always noted, and is followed by a stipulation that the versions in different languages are equally authentic

Question: What is the eschatocol?
Answer: The end of a treaty

Question: Where is done at the end of a treaty?
Answer: affixed their signatures
Treaty

After their adoption, treaties as well as their amendments have to follow the official legal procedures of the United Nations, as applied by the Office of Legal Affairs, including signature, ratification and entry into force.

Question: __ is usually accomplished by exchanging the requisite instruments in bilateral treaties
Answer: ratification

Question: The Office of Legal Affairs belongs to?
Answer: United Nations

Question: What do treaties have to do with UN policy?
Answer: follow

Question: In the case of multilateral treaties, the usual procedure is for the depositary to collect the__ of all states
Answer: ratification

Question: Which methodologies must be used?
Answer: official

Question: Treaties have what status?
Answer: legal

Question: __ is the international act in which a state indicates its consent to be bound to a treaty
Answer: ratification
Treaty

International tribunals and arbiters are often called upon to resolve substantial disputes over treaty interpretations. To establish the meaning in context, these judicial bodies may review the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself.

Question: Who reviews treaties?
Answer: International tribunals and arbiters

Question: What leads to treaty disputes?
Answer: interpretations

Question: Calling up individuals to serve for millitary service is described as doing what action?
Answer: drafting

Question: What branch of goverment is intended to interpret laws as constitutional in the US?
Answer: judicial

Question: What behind the scenes information do the tribunals have?
Answer: preparatory work

Question: Why would an arbiter get involved?
Answer: resolve substantial disputes

Question: What are the arbiters and international tribunals?
Answer: judicial bodies

Question: What can be concluded by the treaty process?
Answer: the meaning in context

Question: What term refers to people with authority to judge disputes, that comes from a Roman title tribunus?
Answer: tribunals

Question: The Latin substantialis was used to derive what English word meaning of considerable importance?
Answer: substantial

Question: What do arbiters use to make a decision?
Answer: the preparatory work from the negotiation and drafting of the treaty as well as the final, signed treaty itself

Question: What makes a treaty final?
Answer: signed

Question: A term for the people who have ultimate authority in a matter,  from the Latin word for "judge" is?
Answer: arbiters
Treaty

In some rare cases, such as with Ethiopia and Qing Dynasty China, the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization. This involved learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs and then using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other.

Question: What were the documents for?
Answer: to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization

Question: Who was invasive?
Answer: European

Question: Which Asian nation was able to play different powers against each other?
Answer: China

Question: Whose customs were mandatory for learning?
Answer: European

Question: How was this accomplished?
Answer: learning the intricacies of European diplomatic customs

Question: Who could be combative?
Answer: powers

Question: What helped on occassion?
Answer: the treaties

Question: What hurt and what helped the Dynasty?
Answer: the local governments were able to use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization

Question: What was the aim?
Answer: to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization

Question: Which Asian nation was able to use treaties to mitigate the impact of European colonization?
Answer: China

Question: What keeps the balance?
Answer: treaties

Question: Which powers would be played against each other?
Answer: European

Question: What did these people do?
Answer: use the treaties to at least mitigate the impact of European colonization

Question: What was a tactic used?
Answer: playing different powers against each other

Question: Why did the treaties help Ethiopia and the Qing Dynasty China specifically?
Answer: using the treaties to prevent a power from overstepping their agreement or by playing different powers against each other
Treaty

In the United States, the term "treaty" has a different, more restricted legal sense than exists in international law. United States law distinguishes what it calls treaties from executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements. All four classes are equally treaties under international law; they are distinct only from the perspective of internal American law. The distinctions are primarily concerning their method of approval. Whereas treaties require advice and consent by two-thirds of the Senators present, sole executive agreements may be executed by the President acting alone. Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements, rather than additional treaties or protocols. And finally, congressional-executive agreements require majority approval by both the House and the Senate, either before or after the treaty is signed by the President.

Question: What  is  a treaty under international law?
Answer: executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements

Question: In the USA, how many of whom need to approve of something before it being considered a treaty?
Answer: two-thirds of the Senators present

Question: Which of the following does not have executive power, the President or two-thirds of the Senators?
Answer: two-thirds of the Senators

Question: What is a sole executive agreement considered outside of the USA?
Answer: treaty

Question: Which of the following is not a type of agreement under US law: sole executive, congressional-executive, or consent?
Answer: consent

Question: What separates an executive agreement from a sole executive agreement?
Answer: their method of approval

Question: In international relations which body of jurisprudence generally defines treaties between nations?
Answer: international law

Question: What are the two bodies that make up the congressional side of a congressional-executive agreement?
Answer: House and the Senate

Question: Treaties need o be approved by what proportion of the legislature?
Answer: two-thirds of the Senators present

Question: Are there more senators or classes of agreement with American law?
Answer: Senators

Question: Which type of law has a looser definition of treaty?
Answer: international law

Question: What determines the definition of a US treaty?
Answer: internal American law

Question: Which legislative branch does not need to sign off on treaties?
Answer: House

Question: If everything is not spelled out in a treaty, how are details clarified?
Answer: Some treaties grant the President the authority to fill in the gaps with executive agreements

Question: What kind of treaties involved the President's approval?
Answer: executive agreement, congressional-executive agreements, and sole executive agreements

Question: How does the American legal definition of treaty compare to the international legal definition?
Answer: more restricted

Question: In the USA, what is the difference between a congressional-executive agreement and sole executive agreement?
Answer: method of approval
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

St. John's is the eastern terminus of the Trans-Canada Highway, one of the longest national highways in the world. The divided highway, also known as "Outer Ring Road" in the city, runs just outside the main part of the city, with exits to Pitts Memorial Drive, Topsail Road, Team Gushue Highway, Thorburn Road, Allandale Road, Portugal Cove Road and Torbay Road, providing relatively easy access to neighbourhoods served by those streets. Pitts Memorial Drive runs from Conception Bay South, through the city of Mount Pearl and into downtown St. John's, with interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street.

Question: What can be entered from 7 different locations?
Answer: Outer Ring Road

Question: What country does the highway cross?
Answer: Trans-Canada

Question: Where does the highway conclude?
Answer: St. John's

Question: Where does the ring road run?
Answer: St. John's

Question: What city is on the highway?
Answer: Mount Pearl

Question: What coutnry does the highway cross?
Answer: Canada

Question: Why is the highway significant?
Answer: one of the longest national highways in the world

Question: What specifically surrounds the city?
Answer: Outer Ring Road

Question: What city does the highway abut?
Answer: St. John's

Question: What makes it possible to get into neighborhoods?
Answer: exits

Question: How does one get to downtown?
Answer: through the city of Mount Pearl

Question: What city abuts the highway?
Answer: St. John's

Question: Where does the highway end?
Answer: interchanges for Goulds, Water Street and Hamilton Avenue-New Gower Street

Question: What precious sea stone is mentioned here?
Answer: Pearl
St._John%27s,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador

St. John's is located along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean, on the northeast of the Avalon Peninsula in southeast Newfoundland. The city covers an area of 446.04 square kilometres (172.22 sq mi) and is the most easterly city in North America, excluding Greenland; it is 295 miles (475 km) closer to London, England than it is to Edmonton, Alberta. The city of St. John's is located at a distance by air of 3,636 kilometres (2,259 mi) from Lorient, France which lies on a nearly precisely identical latitude across the Atlantic on the French western coast. The city is the largest in the province and the second largest in the Atlantic Provinces after Halifax, Nova Scotia. Its downtown area lies to the west and north of St. John's Harbour, and the rest of the city expands from the downtown to the north, south, east and west.

Question: What is to the east and south of St. John's downtown area?
Answer: St. John's Harbour

Question: Which continent is least easterly, North American or Greenland?
Answer: North America

Question: How many km is equal to 2259 miles?
Answer: 3,636

Question: What city is not the largest in the Atlantic Province?
Answer: St. John's

Question: What city is in England?
Answer: London

Question: What is further east than St John's?
Answer: Greenland

Question: What city is on the coast besides Lorient?
Answer: St. John's

Question: What city is the second largest in the Atlantic Province?
Answer: St. John's

Question: Where is the most easterly city in North America located?
Answer: Greenland

Question: What is the smaller body of water is near St John's?
Answer: St. John's Harbour

Question: If you go directly east from St John's, what is the first city you will come to?
Answer: Lorient, France

Question: Is St. John's farther away from London or Edmonton?
Answer: Edmonton