UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Anthropology

Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems, nutritional status and food security, and how changes in the former affect the latter. If economic and environmental changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health, then this interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization. Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people.

Question: What does work and area of like effect?
Answer: changes in a community affect access to food, food security, and dietary health

Question: What does the concept show?
Answer: interplay between economic systems

Question: What's a concern with lack of food?
Answer: Nutritional status affects overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development (either in terms of human development or traditional western models) for any given group of people

Question: What does getting enough food deal with?
Answer: overall health status, work performance potential, and the overall potential for economic development

Question: What does economic systems affect?
Answer: food security

Question: What subject is concerned with economic trends?
Answer: biology

Question: What would measure the way economic and environmental changes affect how healthy your diet is?
Answer: anthropology

Question: What is the science?
Answer: Nutritional anthropology is a synthetic concept that deals with the interplay between economic systems

Question: What does food security affect?
Answer: human

Question: How does economic development effect people?
Answer: human development

Question: How does access to food and how it effects a community specifically effect people?
Answer: interplay between culture and biology is in turn connected to broader historical and economic trends associated with globalization
Anthropology

Sociocultural anthropology has been heavily influenced by structuralist and postmodern theories, as well as a shift toward the analysis of modern societies. During the 1970s and 1990s, there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline.[page needed] During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist. Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades.

Question: What are the four sub-field of anthropology?
Answer: cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology

Question: Which fields have turned away from tradition?
Answer: cultural and social

Question: What caused the lack of cohesion over the last several decades?
Answer: difference in epistemology

Question: What was an issue that arose?
Answer: Due to this difference in epistemology, the four sub-fields of anthropology have lacked cohesion over the last several decades

Question: Why can't the four fields agree?
Answer: lacked cohesion

Question: The questions came to a what during the talks of nature and production of knowledge?
Answer: shift

Question: How did the study change?
Answer: a shift toward the analysis of modern societies

Question: What occured in recent times?
Answer: During this shift, enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge came to occupy a central place in cultural and social anthropology. In contrast, archaeology and biological anthropology remained largely positivist

Question: What influenced the study?
Answer: there was an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions that had largely informed the discipline

Question: enduring questions about the nature and production of knowledge happened during what?
Answer: an epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions

Question: What re the differences in the theories?
Answer: structuralist and postmodern

Question: A central place in sociocultural anthropology was occupied by what?
Answer: questions about the nature and production of knowledge came

Question: In the last several decades what has caused the lack of cohesion?
Answer: difference in epistemology

Question: Why was there a problem between the four sub-fields?
Answer: epistemological shift away from the positivist traditions

Question: The sub-fields of anthropology had how many over the last decades?
Answer: four sub-fields of anthropology

Question: Archaeology and anthropology remained largely positivist in what?
Answer: In contrast
Anthropology

Waitz defined anthropology as "the science of the nature of man". By nature he meant matter animated by "the Divine breath"; i.e., he was an animist. Following Broca's lead, Waitz points out that anthropology is a new field, which would gather material from other fields, but would differ from them in the use of comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology to differentiate man from "the animals nearest to him". He stresses that the data of comparison must be empirical, gathered by experimentation. The history of civilization as well as ethnology are to be brought into the comparison. It is to be presumed fundamentally that the species, man, is a unity, and that "the same laws of thought are applicable to all men".

Question: If zoology is an old field, then what can we call anthropology?
Answer: new field

Question: What is a belief of Waitz?
Answer: the same laws of thought are applicable to all men"

Question: Which is not a last name, Broca or Unity?
Answer: unity

Question: Which is not a last name, Waitz or Nature?
Answer: nature

Question: Is man considered a species or an animal?
Answer: species

Question: What is Waitz studying?
Answer: the science of the nature of man

Question: What did Waitz mean in his differing opinions?
Answer: the Divine breath

Question: Where does Waitz draw inspiration?
Answer: Broca

Question: How do you tell animals from men?
Answer: comparative anatomy, physiology, and psychology

Question: How does Waitz explain his differing views?
Answer: he was an animist

Question: What would be another way to state that God breathed life into being?
Answer: the Divine breath

Question: What is considered a genre that has not been existing before?
Answer: a new field

Question: What is opposite of woman?
Answer: man
Anthropology

But by the 1940s, many of Boas' anthropologist contemporaries were active in the allied war effort against the "Axis" (Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy, and Imperial Japan). Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence (for example, Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information). At the same time, David H. Price's work on American anthropology during the Cold War provides detailed accounts of the pursuit and dismissal of several anthropologists from their jobs for communist sympathies.

Question: what is the first area mentioned?
Answer: Nazi Germany

Question: What group did they fight?
Answer: "Axis"

Question: what is the third place mentioned?
Answer: Imperial Japan)

Question: what nation start with G?
Answer: Germany

Question: communist sympathies did  a lot of damage to?
Answer: several anthropologists

Question: what is the first time period mentioned?
Answer: 1940s

Question: What were some of the names of their billets?
Answer: Office of Strategic Services and the Office of War Information

Question: Why were people fired?
Answer: communist sympathies

Question: what word is in quotation in the passage?
Answer: Axis

Question: what year is in the first paragraph?
Answer: 1940s

Question: What did his colleagues do?
Answer: active in the allied war effort against the "Axis"

Question: what is the last ethnicity mentioned?
Answer: American

Question: What is an example of their aid?
Answer: Many served in the armed forces, while others worked in intelligence

Question: what is the second area mentioned?
Answer: Fascist Italy
Anthropology

Urban anthropology is concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, and neoliberalism. Ulf Hannerz quotes a 1960s remark that traditional anthropologists were "a notoriously agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition". Various social processes in the Western World as well as in the "Third World" (the latter being the habitual focus of attention of anthropologists) brought the attention of "specialists in 'other cultures'" closer to their homes. There are two principle approaches in urban anthropology: by examining the types of cities or examining the social issues within the cities. These two methods are overlapping and dependent of each other. By defining different types of cities, one would use social factors as well as economic and political factors to categorize the cities. By directly looking at the different social issues, one would also be studying how they affect the dynamic of the city.

Question: What is the other principle approached besides examining the social issues within the cities?
Answer: examining the types of cities

Question: What makes anthropologists urban?
Answer: concerned with issues of urbanization

Question: Besides social issues what is another priciple studied in the text
Answer: types of cities

Question: How does one differentiate social issues within the cities that overlap and are dependent of each other?
Answer: use social factors as well as economic and political factors to categorize the cities

Question: What was quoted in the 1960's?
Answer: "a notoriously agoraphobic lot, anti-urban by definition"

Question: What is the common name for countries that are not advanced in civilization or industry.
Answer: Third World

Question: What were anthropologists described as doing?
Answer: concerned with issues of urbanization, poverty, and neoliberalism

Question: What is the second problematic concern of the Urban anthropology theory
Answer: poverty

Question: How did Hannerz describe the common people who work in anthropology?
Answer: agoraphobic

Question: The 1960's quote is referred to whom?
Answer: traditional anthropologists

Question: What is the latter being the habitual focus of attention of anthropologists?
Answer: Third World
Anthropology

Anthropology and many other current fields are the intellectual results of the comparative methods developed in the earlier 19th century. Theorists in such diverse fields as anatomy, linguistics, and Ethnology, making feature-by-feature comparisons of their subject matters, were beginning to suspect that similarities between animals, languages, and folkways were the result of processes or laws unknown to them then. For them, the publication of Charles Darwin's On the Origin of Species was the epiphany of everything they had begun to suspect. Darwin himself arrived at his conclusions through comparison of species he had seen in agronomy and in the wild.

Question: What is the third field listed in the text
Answer: linguistics

Question: What is the 4th science study listed in order of the text
Answer: Ethnology

Question: What may have been a reason for what made some animals similar?
Answer: processes or laws unknown to them then

Question: What is the second science listed in the text above
Answer: anatomy

Question: What is the general name they call the scientists in the text study the sciences
Answer: Theorists

Question: What is the last science field listed in the text
Answer: agronomy

Question: What may have been a reason for what made some languages similar?
Answer: processes or laws unknown to them then

Question: What is the second field listed in the text
Answer: anatomy

Question: Who thought that On the Origin of species was the culmination of what they were thinking about?
Answer: Theorists
Anthropology

Linguistic anthropology (also called anthropological linguistics) seeks to understand the processes of human communications, verbal and non-verbal, variation in language across time and space, the social uses of language, and the relationship between language and culture. It is the branch of anthropology that brings linguistic methods to bear on anthropological problems, linking the analysis of linguistic forms and processes to the interpretation of sociocultural processes. Linguistic anthropologists often draw on related fields including sociolinguistics, pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, semiotics, discourse analysis, and narrative analysis.

Question: What does linguistic anthropology do?
Answer: brings linguistic methods to bear on anthropological problems

Question: What verb used in the passage also represents an animal?
Answer: bear

Question: __ also studies non-linguistic sign systems
Answer: semiotics

Question: __ is frequently seen as having important anthropological and sociological dimensions
Answer: semiotics

Question: __ is the study of sign process
Answer: semiotics

Question: Academic areas of focus with relevance to anthropological linguistics are?
Answer: sociolinguistics, pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, semiotics, discourse analysis, and narrative analysis

Question: What is called anthropological linguistics is also a?
Answer: branch of anthropology

Question: Linguistic anthropology works with what organism?
Answer: human
Seven_Years%27_War

Accordingly, leaving Field Marshal Count Kurt von Schwerin in Silesia with 25,000 soldiers to guard against incursions from Moravia or Hungary, and leaving Field Marshal Hans von Lehwaldt in East Prussia to guard against Russian invasion from the east, Frederick set off with his army for Saxony. The Prussian army marched in three columns. On the right was a column of about 15,000 men under the command of Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick. On the left was a column of 18,000 men under the command of the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern. In the centre was Frederick II, himself with Field Marshal James Keith commanding a corps of 30,000 troops. Ferdinand of Brunswick was to close in on the town of Chemnitz. The Duke of Brunswick-Bevern was to traverse Lusatia to close in on Bautzen. Meanwhile, Frederick and Field Marshal Keith would make for Dresden.

Question: Who was commanding more troops, Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick or the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern?
Answer: the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern

Question: What is the second location mentioned?
Answer: Moravia

Question: Which column had the most troops in it?
Answer: centre

Question: Who had the most troops of all?
Answer: James Keith

Question: Were there fewer troops in the right column or the left column?
Answer: right

Question: Were there more troops in the left column or in the centre column?
Answer: centre

Question: What is the third location mentioned?
Answer: Hungary

Question: What was the first location mentioned?
Answer: Silesia

Question: Which of the following was not a potential source of incursions: Moravia, Saxony or Hungary?
Answer: Saxony

Question: Were there more troops in the right column or in the centre column?
Answer: centre

Question: Who had fewer troops, Prince Ferdinand or the Duke of Brunswick-Bevern?
Answer: Prince Ferdinand
Seven_Years%27_War

Austria was not able to retake Silesia or make any significant territorial gain. However, it did prevent Prussia from invading parts of Saxony. More significantly, its military performance proved far better than during the War of the Austrian Succession and seemed to vindicate Maria Theresa's administrative and military reforms. Hence, Austria's prestige was restored in great part and the empire secured its position as a major player in the European system. Also, by promising to vote for Joseph II in the Imperial elections, Frederick II accepted the Habsburg preeminence in the Holy Roman Empire. The survival of Prussia as a first-rate power and the enhanced prestige of its king and its army, however, was potentially damaging in the long run to Austria's influence in Germany.

Question: Who did Frederick II have to support to accept the Habsburgs?
Answer: Joseph II

Question: What was the consequence of the war?
Answer: Also, by promising to vote for Joseph II in the Imperial elections, Frederick II accepted the Habsburg preeminence in the Holy Roman Empire

Question: By 1770, Silesia was under the thumb of __
Answer: Frederick II

Question: What was Prussia?
Answer: a first-rate power

Question: How did Maria Theresa restore prestige and make it a major European player?
Answer: administrative and military reforms

Question: What was taken?
Answer: Silesia

Question: Who was in power?
Answer: Maria Theresa

Question: What was conquered?
Answer: Saxony

Question: What was Austria able to do?
Answer: prevent Prussia from invading parts of Saxony

Question: What country held sway in Germany?
Answer: Austria

Question: What restored Austria's prestige?
Answer: its military performance proved far better than during the War of the Austrian Succession

Question: What did Austria not do when it stopped Prussia from conquering Saxony?
Answer: retake Silesia or make any significant territorial gain

Question: __ won the Silesian Wars
Answer: Prussia

Question: Who prevented Austria from long term power?
Answer: Prussia
Seven_Years%27_War

Many middle and small powers in Europe, unlike in the previous wars, tried to steer clear away from the escalating conflict, even though they had interests in the conflict or with the belligerents, like Denmark-Norway. The Dutch Republic, long-time British ally, kept its neutrality intact, fearing the odds against Britain and Prussia fighting the great powers of Europe, even tried to prevent Britain's domination in India. Naples, Sicily, and Savoy, although sided with Franco-Spanish party, declined to join the coalition under the fear of British power. The taxation needed for war caused the Russian people considerable hardship, being added to the taxation of salt and alcohol begun by Empress Elizabeth in 1759 to complete her addition to the Winter Palace. Like Sweden, Russia concluded a separate peace with Prussia.

Question: The Russian people faced considerable difficulties from the taxation attributable to what violent end?
Answer: for war

Question: What status did Elizabeth have?
Answer: Empress

Question: what place is mentioned first?
Answer: Europe

Question: What German entity did the now Netherlands not want to engage in conflict?
Answer: Prussia

Question: what place is mentioned third to last?
Answer: Sweden

Question: Why did Russian life decline in the 1700's?
Answer: taxation

Question: What did the now Netherlands maintain in this time period?
Answer: neutrality

Question: Who was a leader of the Iberian Peninsula at the time?
Answer: Franco

Question: what place is mentioned last?
Answer: Prussia

Question: Who made amends with the German entity?
Answer: Sweden, Russia

Question: Why did the Dutch government want to avoid fighting?
Answer: the odds

Question: what place is mentioned second to last?
Answer: Russia

Question: How did Elizabeth build her palace?
Answer: taxation

Question: What did many governments fear England might gain?
Answer: power

Question: The English were aligned with what country for a long time?
Answer: Dutch Republic

Question: When the Dutch decided to halt the exertion of too much English control in India what were they in contemplation of?
Answer: the odds against Britain and Prussia fighting the great powers of Europe

Question: what place is mentioned fourth to last?
Answer: the Winter Palace

Question: Where was conflict escalating?
Answer: Europe

Question: Begun in 1759 what was being completed on the Winter Palace by Empress Elizabeth?
Answer: her addition
Seven_Years%27_War

In India, the British retained the Northern Circars, but returned all the French trading ports. The treaty, however, required that the fortifications of these settlements be destroyed and never rebuilt, while only minimal garrisons could be maintained there, thus rendering them worthless as military bases. Combined with the loss of France's ally in Bengal and the defection of Hyderabad to the British as a result of the war, this effectively brought French power in India to an end, making way for British hegemony and eventual control of the subcontinent.

Question: the war did a lot of damage than good to?
Answer: France

Question: What ended when the British won
Answer: French power

Question: what nation start with I?
Answer: India

Question: what nation was the underdog amidst the three mentioned?
Answer: India

Question: Who left the French in the India war
Answer: Hyderabad

Question: Which of the following was not initially a French ally: Bengal, the British, or Hyderabad?
Answer: the British

Question: what was the first result of the war according to the passage?
Answer: loss of France's ally in Bengal

Question: What did the British need to do because of peace with the French
Answer: fortifications of these settlements be destroyed and never rebuilt

Question: Who did Hyderabad initially ally with?
Answer: French

Question: Who helped the British enemy
Answer: Bengal

Question: Who had power in India first?
Answer: French

Question: Who was in charge of India after war
Answer: British
Seven_Years%27_War

The Treaty of Hubertusburg, between Austria, Prussia, and Saxony, was signed on February 15, 1763, at a hunting lodge between Dresden and Leipzig. Negotiations had started there on December 31, 1762. Frederick, who had considered ceding East Prussia to Russia if Peter III helped him secure Saxony, finally insisted on excluding Russia (in fact, no longer a belligerent) from the negotiations. At the same time, he refused to evacuate Saxony until its elector had renounced any claim to reparation. The Austrians wanted at least to retain Glatz, which they had in fact reconquered, but Frederick would not allow it. The treaty simply restored the status quo of 1748, with Silesia and Glatz reverting to Frederick and Saxony to its own elector. The only concession that Prussia made to Austria was to consent to the election of Archduke Joseph as Holy Roman emperor.

Question: What did Frederick offer for Saxony?
Answer: East Prussia

Question: Who kept Russia away from the negotiations?
Answer: Frederick

Question: What did Frederick receive in the treaty?
Answer: Silesia

Question: What did Frederick want for East Prussia?
Answer: Saxony

Question: Who was the leader of Prussia at the time?
Answer: Frederick

Question: Who was occupying Saxony?
Answer: Frederick

Question: Who didn't want the Austrians to retain Glatz?
Answer: Frederick

Question: What country was not allowed to be part of the treaty?
Answer: Russia

Question: Who ended up having Glatz?
Answer: Frederick and Saxony

Question: Who did Glatz originally belong to?
Answer: The Austrians

Question: What did Frederick want to leave Saxony?
Answer: elector had renounced any claim to reparation

Question: Who controlled Glatz after the treaty was signed?
Answer: Frederick

Question: Who refused to leave Saxony?
Answer: Frederick

Question: What did Saxony receive in the treaty?
Answer: Glatz