UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

Japanese (Famicom) cartridges are shaped slightly differently. While the NES used a 72-pin interface, the Famicom system used a 60-pin design. Unlike NES games, official Famicom cartridges were produced in many colors of plastic. Adapters, similar in design to the popular accessory Game Genie, are available that allow Famicom games to be played on an NES. In Japan, several companies manufactured the cartridges for the Famicom. This allowed these companies to develop their own customized chips designed for specific purposes, such as chips that increased the quality of sound in their games.

Question: Which games had more colors of plastic?
Answer: Famicom

Question: What is this text about?
Answer: cartridges

Question: What is a difference in the plastic of the two gaming system cartridges?
Answer: Unlike NES games, official Famicom cartridges were produced in many colors of plastic

Question: What do famicom cartridges specifically look like in Japan excluding shape, color and material?
Answer: 60-pin design

Question: What word has an arabic origin?
Answer: Genie

Question: What do NES cartridges look like excluding color and material?
Answer: 72-pin interface

Question: What is another word for tweaked?
Answer: customized

Question: Which of the following is a specific purpose for a customized chip: quality of sound, colors, or shape?
Answer: quality of sound

Question: How can Famicon cartridges be played on a NES?
Answer: Adapters, similar in design to the popular accessory Game Genie, are available that allow Famicom games to be played on an NES

Question: Which had fewer pins, the NES or the Famicom?
Answer: Famicom

Question: What is the difference in shape between NES cartridges and Famicon cartridges?
Answer: NES used a 72-pin interface, the Famicom system used a 60-pin design
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

The original model Famicom featured two game controllers, both of which were hardwired to the back of the console. The second controller lacked the START and SELECT buttons, but featured a small microphone. Relatively few games made use of this feature. The earliest produced Famicom units initially had square A and B buttons. This was changed to the circular designs because of the square buttons being caught in the controller casing when pressed down and glitches within the hardware causing the system to freeze occasionally while playing a game.

Question: What didn't have start or select buttons?
Answer: The second controller

Question: What controller was hardwired to the back of the console?
Answer: The original model

Question: What buttons were assumed to be included in the first controller?
Answer: START and SELECT

Question: What caused the system to freeze?
Answer: square buttons being caught in the controller casing

Question: What shape were the buttons originally?
Answer: square

Question: What caused the console to receive input from the controllers?
Answer: hardwired

Question: What caused the system to freeze?
Answer: glitches

Question: How were the original model Famicom controllers attached to the console?
Answer: hardwired to the back of the console

Question: What shape buttons were on the earliest produced Famicom units?
Answer: square A and B buttons
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

Nintendo was not as restrictive as Sega, which did not permit third-party publishing until Mediagenic in late summer 1988. Nintendo's intention, however, was to reserve a large part of NES game revenue for itself. Nintendo required that they be the sole manufacturer of all cartridges, and that the publisher had to pay in full before the cartridges for that game be produced. Cartridges could not be returned to Nintendo, so publishers assumed all the risk. As a result, some publishers lost more money due to distress sales of remaining inventory at the end of the NES era than they ever earned in profits from sales of the games. Because Nintendo controlled the production of all cartridges, it was able to enforce strict rules on its third-party developers, which were required to sign a contract by Nintendo that would obligate these parties to develop exclusively for the system, order at least 10,000 cartridges, and only make five games per year. A 1988 shortage of DRAM and ROM chips also reportedly caused Nintendo to only permit 25% of publishers' requests for cartridges. This was an average figure, with some publishers receiving much higher amounts and others almost none. GameSpy noted that Nintendo's "iron-clad terms" made the company many enemies during the 1980s. Some developers tried to circumvent the five game limit by creating additional company brands like Konami's Ultra Games label; others tried circumventing the 10NES chip.

Question: Why was Sega considered more limiting than Nintendo?
Answer: did not permit third-party publishing until Mediagenic

Question: Why was another company considered more restrictive than Nintendo?
Answer: did not permit third-party publishing until Mediagenic in late summer 1988

Question: Cartridges stored the information for?
Answer: games

Question: Who said who got how many parts?
Answer: Nintendo

Question: Where did the companies get their parts?
Answer: Nintendo

Question: What happened to Nintendo before the 1990s?
Answer: "iron-clad terms" made the company many enemies

Question: What did Nintendo do in 1988?
Answer: permit 25% of publishers' requests for cartridges

Question: What did companies do with games that didn't sell?
Answer: distress sales

Question: What happened to the games that weren't sold?
Answer: publishers assumed all the risk

Question: What could a company do to get around the restrictions on the number of parts?
Answer: creating additional company brands like Konami's Ultra Games label

Question: GameSpy did not comment on which company?
Answer: Sega

Question: Which company was more lax?
Answer: Nintendo
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

To differentiate Nintendo's new home platform from the early 1980s' common perception of a troubled and shallow video game market, the company freshened its product nomenclature and positioning, and it established a strict product approval and licensing policy. The overall system was referred to as an "Entertainment System" instead of a "video game system", which was centered upon a machine called a "Control Deck" instead of a "console", and which featured software cartridges called "Game Paks" instead of "video games". The 10NES lockout chip system acted as a lock-and-key coupling of each Game Pak and Control Deck, deterring the copying or production of NES games which had not first achieved Nintendo's licensed approval. The packaging of the launch lineup of NES games bore pictures of a very close representation of the actual onscreen graphics of the game, which were of sufficiently recognizable quality on their own. Symbols on the launch games' packaging clearly indicated the genre of the game, in order to reduce consumer confusion. A 'seal of quality' was printed on all appropriately licensed game and accessory packaging. The initial seal stated, "This seal is your assurance that Nintendo has approved and guaranteed the quality of this product". This text was later changed to "Official Nintendo Seal of Quality".

Question: Nintendo wanted to combat the image of?
Answer: a troubled and shallow video game market

Question: What hardware did Nintendo introduce to hamper any attempts at 3rd party software releases?
Answer: 10NES lockout chip system

Question: How was Nintendo Entertainment System software distributed?
Answer: software cartridges

Question: How did Nintendo show what kind of games they were?
Answer: Symbols

Question: In an effort to help consumers they provided what key information on their games?
Answer: the genre of the game

Question: What were required to produce a game pak?
Answer: Nintendo's licensed approval

Question: Nintendo bucked many industry trends of the time including by calling their product what?
Answer: Control Deck

Question: Ninendo affixed what to show their faith in their products?
Answer: seal

Question: What was on the box of Nintendo games?
Answer: pictures of a very close representation of the actual onscreen graphics of the game

Question: What did Nintendo do to differentiate themselves early on?
Answer: established a strict product approval and licensing policy
Nintendo_Entertainment_System

The NES Test Station's front features a Game Pak slot and connectors for testing various components (AC adapter, RF switch, Audio/Video cable, NES Control Deck, accessories and games), with a centrally-located selector knob to chose which component to test. The unit itself weighs approximately 11.7 pounds without a TV. It connects to a television via a combined A/V and RF Switch cable. By actuating the green button, a user can toggle between an A/V Cable or RF Switch connection. The television it is connected to (typically 11" to 14") is meant to be placed atop it.

Question: NES is a?
Answer: Game

Question: The television should be above the?
Answer: NES Test Station

Question: Accessories and games comes with?
Answer: The NES Test Station's front features

Question: What is below generally?
Answer: NES Test Station

Question: what is been disussed in the passage?
Answer: The NES Test Station

Question: What can be any size?
Answer: television

Question: The Test Station should be used with a?
Answer: television

Question: toggle is meant to be practically done by a??
Answer: user
Nonprofit_organization

Although NPOs are permitted to generate surplus revenues, they must be retained by the organization for its self-preservation, expansion, or plans. NPOs have controlling members or a board of directors. Many have paid staff including management, whereas others employ unpaid volunteers and even executives who work with or without compensation (occasionally nominal). In some countries, where there is a token fee, in general it is used to meet legal requirements for establishing a contract between the executive and the organization.

Question: Who benefits from the NPOs?
Answer: the organization

Question: Can any NPO workers receive money?
Answer: Many have paid staff

Question: What is nominal?
Answer: compensation

Question: What helps work within the law?
Answer: a contract between the executive and the organization

Question: Is staff paid, unpaid, or both?
Answer: Many have paid staff including management, whereas others employ unpaid volunteers and even executives who work with or without compensation (occasionally nominal)

Question: It is not enough to merely have an NPO, what has to be done with it?
Answer: must be retained

Question: Who else is responsible for an non-profit organization other than the board?
Answer: Many have paid staff including management, whereas others employ unpaid volunteers and even executives

Question: How do some members show dedication to the cause?
Answer: work with or without compensation
Nonprofit_organization

Competition for employees with the public and private sector is another problem that Nonprofit organizations will inevitably face, particularly for management positions. There are reports of major talent shortages in the nonprofit sector today regarding newly graduated workers, and NPOs have for too long relegated hiring to a secondary priority, which could be why they find themselves in the position many do. While many established NPO's are well-funded and comparative to their public sector competetitors, many more are independent and must be creative with which incentives they use to attract and maintain vibrant personalities. The initial interest for many is the wage and benefits package, though many who have been questioned after leaving an NPO have reported that it was stressful work environments and implacable work that drove them away.

Question: People leave nonprofits because of?
Answer: stressful work environments and implacable work

Question: What is an advantage that NPOs have?
Answer: many established NPO's are well-funded and comparative to their public sector competetitors

Question: What part of businesses does the problem with NPO's lie in?
Answer: public and private sector

Question: What character trait is a high priority for nonprofits?
Answer: vibrant personalities

Question: In what position do nonprofits find themselves?
Answer: Competition for employees

Question: From a monetary standpoint how does long standing non profits rank in relation to the government sector?
Answer: comparative

Question: What is the stated problem with NPO's?
Answer: Competition

Question: Who is initially interested in wage and benefit packages?
Answer: newly graduated workers

Question: Nonprofits have issues finding the best what for management jobs?
Answer: employees

Question: What resource must nonprofit organizations fight for?
Answer: employees
Nonprofit_organization

Resource mismanagement is a particular problem with NPOs because the employees are not accountable to anybody with a direct stake in the organization. For example, an employee may start a new program without disclosing its complete liabilities. The employee may be rewarded for improving the NPO's reputation, making other employees happy, and attracting new donors. Liabilities promised on the full faith and credit of the organization but not recorded anywhere constitute accounting fraud. But even indirect liabilities negatively affect the financial sustainability of the NPO, and the NPO will have financial problems unless strict controls are instated. Some commentators have also argued that receiving significant funding from large for-profit corporations can ultimately alter the NPO's functions.

Question: What is something that pleases only the lower-tiered members of NPOs?
Answer: an employee may start a new program without disclosing its complete liabilities. The employee may be rewarded for improving the NPO's reputation, making other employees happy, and attracting new donors

Question: How can someone working at an NPO earn additional bonuses by bringing in new people?
Answer: attracting

Question: Regarding what pleases the lower-tiered members in NPOs, how is this bad for the NPOs?
Answer: Liabilities promised on the full faith and credit of the organization but not recorded anywhere constitute accounting fraud

Question: What is the legal opposite of non profit organizations in this paragraph
Answer: for-profit corporations

Question: What is the one, specific issue for NPOs, as stated in the excerpt?
Answer: liabilities

Question: What is the condensed letters for non-profit organizations
Answer: NPO

Question: What do the NPOs need to work on in order to correct these fallacies?
Answer: strict controls

Question: What is hurt if strict controls are not put in place for an NPO?
Answer: sustainability

Question: How do they address monetary sustainability in an NPO?
Answer: controls are instated

Question: What is the opposite of an NPO in the text
Answer: for-profit corporations

Question: Regarding finances, what is a flaw in the way that NPOs operate?
Answer: receiving significant funding from large for-profit corporations
Nonprofit_organization

A charity is a nonprofit organisation that meets stricter criteria regarding its purpose and the method in which it makes decisions and reports its finances. For example, a charity is generally not allowed to pay its Trustees. In England and Wales, charities may be registered with the Charity Commission. In Scotland, the Office of the Scottish Charity Regulator serves the same function. Other organizations which are classified as nonprofit organizations elsewhere, such as trade unions, are subject to separate regulations, and are not regarded as "charities" in the technical sense.

Question: What has different requirements than a charity
Answer: trade unions

Question: A charity has a special way it has to divulge what?
Answer: finances

Question: What isn't a charity
Answer: nonprofit organizations

Question: What can trustees not get?
Answer: pay

Question: What is the purpose of the Charity Commission
Answer: Regulator

Question: What form of nonprofit has extra standards?
Answer: charity

Question: What is the Nationality name of the people listed in the text
Answer: Scottish

Question: What is another name for a 501 3 c besides charity.
Answer: nonprofit organisation
Genocide

After the Holocaust, which had been perpetrated by the Nazi Germany and its allies prior to and during World War II, Lemkin successfully campaigned for the universal acceptance of international laws defining and forbidding genocides. In 1946, the first session of the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution that "affirmed" that genocide was a crime under international law, but did not provide a legal definition of the crime. In 1948, the UN General Assembly adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) which defined the crime of genocide for the first time.

Question: When was the Holocaust?
Answer: prior to and during World War II

Question: What was the Holocaust?
Answer: genocides

Question: What did Lemkin campaign for?
Answer: forbidding genocides

Question: What was the short version of the adopted convention in 1948?
Answer: CPPCG

Question: What action did the General Assembly take in the wake of claiming genocide to be a crime?
Answer: adopted the Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide (CPPCG) which defined the crime of genocide

Question: When did the General Assembly state the criminal nature of genocide without defining it?
Answer: 1946

Question: When did the United Nations General Assembly adopt the resolution?
Answer: After the Holocaust

Question: When did Hitler's men initiate and carry out mass genocide, which was later forbidden by the General Assembly??
Answer: World War II

Question: What was genocide considered?
Answer: a crime

Question: When did the General Assembly confirm exactly what could be called genocide?
Answer: 1948

Question: Who encouraged genocide to be illegal?
Answer: Lemkin

Question: Defining genocide internationally would be useless if what other element didn't come with it?
Answer: forbidding genocides
Genocide

About 30 people have been indicted for participating in genocide or complicity in genocide during the early 1990s in Bosnia. To date, after several plea bargains and some convictions that were successfully challenged on appeal two men, Vujadin Popović and Ljubiša Beara, have been found guilty of committing genocide, Zdravko Tolimir has been found guilty of committing genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide, and two others, Radislav Krstić and Drago Nikolić, have been found guilty of aiding and abetting genocide. Three others have been found guilty of participating in genocides in Bosnia by German courts, one of whom Nikola Jorgić lost an appeal against his conviction in the European Court of Human Rights. A further eight men, former members of the Bosnian Serb security forces were found guilty of genocide by the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina (See List of Bosnian genocide prosecutions).

Question: Even though convicted in German court, how many disagreed?
Answer: one

Question: Who assisted Beara in some genocide cases?
Answer: Radislav Krstić and Drago Nikolić

Question: What outside entity found some suspect of genocide to be guilty?
Answer: European Court of Human Rights

Question: What is the largest group that has been found guilty?
Answer: eight men

Question: Which of the following people was not found guilty of committing genocide: Vujadin Popovic, Nikola Jorgic, or Ljubisa Beara?
Answer: Nikola Jorgić

Question: What governmental department were unnamed peope found guilty?
Answer: Bosnian Serb security forces

Question: Who was not able to get a case overturned?
Answer: Jorgić

Question: Which of the following people was not found guilty of aiding and abetting genocide: Radislav Krstic, Ljubisa Beara or Drago Nikolic?
Answer: Ljubiša Beara

Question: Who accomplised Popovic in some cases?
Answer: Radislav Krstić and Drago Nikolić

Question: Even though they did not commit genocide, these 2 aided those who did?
Answer: Radislav Krstić and Drago Nikolić

Question: Many appealed the convictions, which were guilty and aided in the conspiracy?
Answer: Zdravko Tolimir

Question: Were fewer people found guilty of genocide by the State Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, or by German courts?
Answer: German courts
Genocide

Barbara Harff and Ted Gurr defined genocide as "the promotion and execution of policies by a state or its agents which result in the deaths of a substantial portion of a group ...[when] the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality." Harff and Gurr also differentiate between genocides and politicides by the characteristics by which members of a group are identified by the state. In genocides, the victimized groups are defined primarily in terms of their communal characteristics, i.e., ethnicity, religion or nationality. In politicides the victim groups are defined primarily in terms of their hierarchical position or political opposition to the regime and dominant groups. Daniel D. Polsby and Don B. Kates, Jr. state that "... we follow Harff's distinction between genocides and 'pogroms,' which she describes as 'short-lived outbursts by mobs, which, although often condoned by authorities, rarely persist.' If the violence persists for long enough, however, Harff argues, the distinction between condonation and complicity collapses."

Question: The state carries out?
Answer: genocides and politicides

Question: Who defines the characteristics of genocide
Answer: identified by the state

Question: Someone killed is a?
Answer: victim

Question: Which, between genocides and politicides, are defined in terms of political opposition?
Answer: politicides

Question: Which, between genocides and politicides, are defined in terms of communal traits?
Answer: genocides

Question: Genocides are characterized by activities of?
Answer: violence

Question: Which, between genocides and politicides, have anything to do with ethnicity?
Answer: genocides
Anti-aircraft_warfare

The solution was automation, in the form of a mechanical computer, the Kerrison Predictor. Operators kept it pointed at the target, and the Predictor then calculated the proper aim point automatically and displayed it as a pointer mounted on the gun. The gun operators simply followed the pointer and loaded the shells. The Kerrison was fairly simple, but it pointed the way to future generations that incorporated radar, first for ranging and later for tracking. Similar predictor systems were introduced by Germany during the war, also adding radar ranging as the war progressed.

Question: What continued?
Answer: the war

Question: From what duty did the Kerrison Predictor free operators
Answer: proper aim

Question: In what conflict was the predictor first used
Answer: the war

Question: What solved a problem?
Answer: automation

Question: What being solved the problem?
Answer: the Kerrison Predictor

Question: What part of the predictor did the thinking for the operators?
Answer: mechanical computer

Question: What was needed to hit the target?
Answer: shells

Question: In spite of the advantages of the mechanical computer, in the end, it all comes down to if what hits the target?
Answer: the shells

Question: What general development improved gun aim
Answer: automation

Question: To what operation did the Kerrison Predictor ultimately contribute
Answer: tracking