UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Antibiotics

Antibacterial-resistant strains and species, sometimes referred to as "superbugs", now contribute to the emergence of diseases that were for a while well controlled. For example, emergent bacterial strains causing tuberculosis (TB) that are resistant to previously effective antibacterial treatments pose many therapeutic challenges. Every year, nearly half a million new cases of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) are estimated to occur worldwide. For example, NDM-1 is a newly identified enzyme conveying bacterial resistance to a broad range of beta-lactam antibacterials. The United Kingdom's Health Protection Agency has stated that "most isolates with NDM-1 enzyme are resistant to all standard intravenous antibiotics for treatment of severe infections."

Question: What is tuberculosis considered?
Answer: superbugs

Question: A cyclic amide from cyclisation of amino acids is called?
Answer: lactam

Question: What is a colloquial term for diseases like MDR-TB?
Answer: superbugs

Question: How widespread were bacterial strains before become resistant?
Answer: well controlled

Question: Being administered into a vein is referred to as?
Answer: intravenous

Question: Which is not a disease: TB, NDM-1, or MDR-TB?
Answer: NDM-1

Question: What bacteria is having a resurgence?
Answer: tuberculosis

Question: A substance that acts as a catalyst to bring about a biochemical reaction is generally called?
Answer: enzyme

Question: Fever is a natural symptom produced by the body when fighting what?
Answer: infections

Question: What type of antibacterials benefit from the presence of NMD-1?
Answer: beta-lactam

Question: The second letter of the Greek alphabet is?
Answer: beta
Antibiotics

Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy. While moderate alcohol consumption is unlikely to interfere with many common antibiotics, there are specific types of antibiotics with which alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects. Therefore, potential risks of side-effects and effectiveness depend on the type of antibiotic administered. Despite the lack of a categorical counterindication, the belief that alcohol and antibiotics should never be mixed is widespread.

Question: the down support for the chemistry between alcohol and antibiotic is?
Answer: widespread

Question: alcohol usage can bring about?
Answer: may cause side-effects and decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy

Question: When mixed, what happens?
Answer: may cause side-effects

Question: In most cases, how does small doses of alcohol effect a person on antibiotics?
Answer: unlikely to interfere

Question: What are the main feelings people have about alcohol and antibiotics?
Answer: should never be mixed

Question: what is the subject?
Answer: alcohol and certain antibiotics

Question: moderate consumption of alcohol is advised because?
Answer: Interactions between alcohol and certain antibiotics may occur and may cause side-effects

Question: Which of the following is not likely to interact with the other two: alcohol, antibiotics or side-effects?
Answer: side-effects

Question: Which of the following is not a characteristic of antibiotics: side-effects, effectiveness or belief?
Answer: belief

Question: Which of the following is used to treat disease: alcohol or antibiotics?
Answer: antibiotics

Question: What is the difference between moderate to serious side-effects?
Answer: type of antibiotic

Question: When is it life threatening to mix alcohol and antibiotics?
Answer: depend on the type of antibiotic administered

Question: What depends on the type of antibiotic?
Answer: serious side-effects

Question: Why would taking alcohol when on antibiotics be counterproductive?
Answer: decreased effectiveness of antibiotic therapy

Question: Why is it unwise to mix alcohol and antibiotics?
Answer: alcohol consumption may cause serious side-effects
Antibiotics

Possible improvements include clarification of clinical trial regulations by FDA. Furthermore, appropriate economic incentives could persuade pharmaceutical companies to invest in this endeavor. Antibiotic Development to Advance Patient Treatment (ADAPT) Act aims to fast track the drug development to combat the growing threat of 'superbugs'. Under this Act, FDA can approve antibiotics and antifungals treating life-threatening infections based on smaller clinical trials. The CDC will monitor the use of antibiotics and the emerging resistance, and publish the data. The FDA antibiotics labeling process, 'Susceptibility Test Interpretive Criteria for Microbial Organisms' or 'breakpoints', will provide accurate data to healthcare professionals. According to Allan Coukell, senior director for health programs at The Pew Charitable Trusts, "By allowing drug developers to rely on smaller datasets, and clarifying FDA's authority to tolerate a higher level of uncertainty for these drugs when making a risk/benefit calculation, ADAPT would make the clinical trials more feasible."

Question: What is the name for the leading national public health institute of the US, located in Atlanta?
Answer: CDC

Question: What does the P in "ADAPT" stand for?
Answer: Patient

Question: What does the ADAPT Act aim to do?
Answer: FDA can approve antibiotics and antifungals treating life-threatening infections based on smaller clinical trials

Question: What does the FDA offer doctors?
Answer: breakpoints

Question: What is the parent agency for the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research?
Answer: FDA

Question: Why is there a push to get ADAPT approved?
Answer: superbugs

Question: What does the T in "ADAPT" stand for?
Answer: Treatment

Question: What does the first A in "ADAPT" stand for?
Answer: Antibiotic

Question: What does the D in "ADAPT" stand for?
Answer: Development

Question: Amoxicillin and penicillin are examples of what kind of medical treatments?
Answer: antibiotics

Question: Another way to name pharmaceutical fungicides or fungistatics is?
Answer: antifungals

Question: What does the second A in "ADAPT" stand for?
Answer: Advance

Question: MRSA is a bacteria known for its resistance to antibiotics, these kinds of bacteria are commonly categorized as?
Answer: superbugs
Antibiotics

The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk in 1932 at the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany. Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts. Prontosil had a relatively broad effect against Gram-positive cocci, but not against enterobacteria. Research was stimulated apace by its success. The discovery and development of this sulfonamide drug opened the era of antibacterials.

Question: what kind of drug is Prontosil?
Answer: sulfonamide

Question: Who, between Domagk and IG Farben, did, in fact, own Bayer Laboratories?
Answer: IG Farben

Question: What, in the article. happened in the 32nd year of the 20th century?
Answer: The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial, Prontosil, was developed by a research team led by Gerhard Domagk

Question: what is Prontosil?
Answer: sulfonamide drug

Question: who developed Prontosil?
Answer: a research team

Question: Where was Prontosil created?
Answer: the Bayer Laboratories of the IG Farben conglomerate in Germany

Question: When was Gerhard Domagk publicly  bestowed for his creation of Prontosil?
Answer: 1939

Question: What, in the article, happened in the 39th year of the 20th century?
Answer: Domagk received the 1939 Nobel Prize for Medicine for his efforts

Question: what opened the era of antibacterials?
Answer: Prontosil

Question: What group of medicine didn't exist before Prontosil?
Answer: antibacterials

Question: What is Prontosil?
Answer: The first sulfonamide and first commercially available antibacterial

Question: What was Gerhard Domagk in charge of directing?
Answer: a research team

Question: what did Domagk receive the Nobel Prize for?
Answer: his efforts
Yale_University

Serious American students of theology and divinity, particularly in New England, regarded Hebrew as a classical language, along with Greek and Latin, and essential for study of the Old Testament in the original words. The Reverend Ezra Stiles, president of the College from 1778 to 1795, brought with him his interest in the Hebrew language as a vehicle for studying ancient Biblical texts in their original language (as was common in other schools), requiring all freshmen to study Hebrew (in contrast to Harvard, where only upperclassmen were required to study the language) and is responsible for the Hebrew phrase אורים ותמים (Urim and Thummim) on the Yale seal. Stiles' greatest challenge occurred in July 1779 when hostile British forces occupied New Haven and threatened to raze the College. However, Yale graduate Edmund Fanning, Secretary to the British General in command of the occupation, interceded and the College was saved. Fanning later was granted an honorary degree LL.D., at 1803, for his efforts.

Question: The New Testament was originally what?
Answer: Hebrew

Question: Where will you find New Haven?
Answer: New England

Question: The Old Testament is written in?
Answer: Hebrew

Question: What happened to the college after hostile British forces threatened to raze it?
Answer: saved

Question: What did Hebrew help students understand?
Answer: Biblical texts

Question: What was Edmund?
Answer: Secretary

Question: Hebrew is in the grouping of?
Answer: classical language

Question: Where was Hebrew used for studying Biblical texts in their original language before Yale?
Answer: other schools
Yale_University

While Harkness' original colleges were Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic in style, two colleges constructed in the 1960s, Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, have modernist designs. All twelve college quadrangles are organized around a courtyard, and each has a dining hall, courtyard, library, common room, and a range of student facilities. The twelve colleges are named for important alumni or significant places in university history. In 2017, the university expects to open two new colleges near Science Hill.

Question: How do some of the past students still contribute to this day?
Answer: colleges are named for important alumni

Question: How did the architect change his style?
Answer: two colleges constructed in the 1960s, Morse and Ezra Stiles Colleges, have modernist designs

Question: What style is not being used in the new buildings
Answer: Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic

Question: How were Morse and Ezra Stiles different?
Answer: Harkness' original colleges were Georgian Revival or Collegiate Gothic in style

Question: What is the center of the colleges?
Answer: a courtyard

Question: What was part of the style of the colleges?
Answer: All twelve college quadrangles are organized around a courtyard, and each has a dining hall, courtyard, library, common room, and a range of student facilities

Question: Whats at the center of the colleges
Answer: courtyard

Question: Which structures have the outdated construction?
Answer: original colleges

Question: How did the buildings change?
Answer: modernist designs

Question: What is the system to decide what to call the colleges?
Answer: The twelve colleges are named for important alumni or significant places in university history

Question: What is the name of the university?
Answer: Harkness

Question: When were the next buildings started
Answer: 1960s

Question: Where was Morse College located?
Answer: Harkness
Yale_University

The American studies program reflected the worldwide anti-Communist ideological struggle. Norman Holmes Pearson, who worked for the Office of Strategic Studies in London during World War II, returned to Yale and headed the new American studies program, in which scholarship quickly became an instrument of promoting liberty. Popular among undergraduates, the program sought to instruct them in the fundamentals of American civilization and thereby instill a sense of nationalism and national purpose. Also during the 1940s and 1950s, Wyoming millionaire William Robertson Coe made large contributions to the American studies programs at Yale University and at the University of Wyoming. Coe was concerned to celebrate the 'values' of the Western United States in order to meet the "threat of communism."

Question: What country was Holmes in after the war?
Answer: United States

Question: What ideology was widely promoted during this time?
Answer: nationalism

Question: what promoted liberty
Answer: American studies program

Question: Why was this field of study introduced?
Answer: instill a sense of nationalism and national purpose

Question: How did the students feel about the American studies program at Yale?
Answer: Popular

Question: what program was popular with the students
Answer: American studies program

Question: What approach was developed to advance freedom?
Answer: scholarship

Question: Why was the American studies program developed?
Answer: instill a sense of nationalism and national purpose
Yale_University

Between 1892, when Harvard and Yale met in one of the first intercollegiate debates, and 1909, the year of the first Triangular Debate of Harvard, Yale, and Princeton, the rhetoric, symbolism, and metaphors used in athletics were used to frame these early debates. Debates were covered on front pages of college newspapers and emphasized in yearbooks, and team members even received the equivalent of athletic letters for their jackets. There even were rallies sending off the debating teams to matches. Yet, the debates never attained the broad appeal that athletics enjoyed. One reason may be that debates do not have a clear winner, as is the case in sports, and that scoring is subjective. In addition, with late 19th-century concerns about the impact of modern life on the human body, athletics offered hope that neither the individual nor the society was coming apart.

Question: what is the second place mentioned?
Answer: Yale

Question: How did debate mirror athletics?
Answer: Debates were covered on front pages of college newspapers and emphasized in yearbooks, and team members even received the equivalent of athletic letters for their jackets. There even were rallies sending off the debating teams to matches

Question: How did athletics guide the formation of debate?
Answer: the rhetoric, symbolism, and metaphors used in athletics were used to frame these early debates

Question: What was something debate was lacking that athletics was capable of doing for people?
Answer: hope

Question: what is the first time period mentioned?
Answer: 1892

Question: what is the first place mentioned?
Answer: Harvard

Question: In what way were athletics and debate not treated differently?
Answer: athletic letters for their jackets

Question: From what area was the debating terminology taken?
Answer: athletics

Question: How might we know today that debates were important to colleges in the early 20th Century?
Answer: Debates were covered on front pages of college newspapers and emphasized in yearbooks

Question: What did many prefer over debating?
Answer: athletics

Question: How did the colleges show their team spirit for the debaters?
Answer: rallies

Question: What were the three schools involved in the debate at the beginning of the 20th century?
Answer: Harvard, Yale, and Princeton

Question: What aspects of debate were similar to athletics?
Answer: Debates were covered on front pages of college newspapers and emphasized in yearbooks, and team members even received the equivalent of athletic letters for their jackets

Question: what is the second time period mentioned?
Answer: 1909

Question: what group is mentioned last?
Answer: the society
Yale_University

Much of Yale University's staff, including most maintenance staff, dining hall employees, and administrative staff, are unionized. Clerical and technical employees are represented by Local 34 of UNITE HERE and service and maintenance workers by Local 35 of the same international. Together with the Graduate Employees and Students Organization (GESO), an unrecognized union of graduate employees, Locals 34 and 35 make up the Federation of Hospital and University Employees. Also included in FHUE are the dietary workers at Yale-New Haven Hospital, who are members of 1199 SEIU. In addition to these unions, officers of the Yale University Police Department are members of the Yale Police Benevolent Association, which affiliated in 2005 with the Connecticut Organization for Public Safety Employees. Finally, Yale security officers voted to join the International Union of Security, Police and Fire Professionals of America in fall 2010 after the National Labor Relations Board ruled they could not join AFSCME; the Yale administration contested the election.

Question: what is the second group mentioned?
Answer: maintenance staff

Question: what is the last event mentioned?
Answer: the election

Question: what is the first group mentioned?
Answer: Yale University's staff

Question: what is the third group mentioned?
Answer: dining hall employees

Question: What does the G in "GESO" stand for?
Answer: Graduate

Question: what is the last group mentioned?
Answer: the Yale administration

Question: What happened in the 10th year of the 21st century?
Answer: Yale security officers voted to join the International Union of Security, Police and Fire Professionals of America

Question: What does the "O" in GESO stand for?
Answer: Organization

Question: What does the S in "GESO" stand for?
Answer: Students

Question: What does the "E" in GESO stand for?
Answer: Employees

Question: What does the "E" in "GESO" stand for?
Answer: Employees
Yale_University

Yale is organized into fourteen constituent schools: the original undergraduate college, the Yale Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, and twelve professional schools. While the university is governed by the Yale Corporation, each school's faculty oversees its curriculum and degree programs. In addition to a central campus in downtown New Haven, the University owns athletic facilities in western New Haven, including the Yale Bowl, a campus in West Haven, Connecticut, and forest and nature preserves throughout New England. The university's assets include an endowment valued at $25.6 billion as of September 2015, the second largest of any educational institution.The Yale University Library, serving all constituent schools, holds more than 15 million volumes and is the third-largest academic library in the United States.

Question: What is owned by Yale Library?
Answer: 15 million volumes

Question: Yale's first incarnation is an?
Answer: undergraduate college

Question: The Yale Corporation doesn't have authority over?
Answer: curriculum and degree programs

Question: What is the main campus of Yale mainly concerned with?
Answer: undergraduate college

Question: Where would a student most likely go to get research material if attending any of these institutions?
Answer: University Library

Question: What state are these institutions located in?
Answer: Connecticut

Question: Yale is in the what cultural area?
Answer: New England

Question: Where is the second campus of Yale?
Answer: western New Haven
Yale_University

Slack (2003) compares three groups that conducted biological research at Yale during overlapping periods between 1910 and 1970. Yale proved important as a site for this research. The leaders of these groups were Ross Granville Harrison, Grace E. Pickford, and G. Evelyn Hutchinson, and their members included both graduate students and more experienced scientists. All produced innovative research, including the opening of new subfields in embryology, endocrinology, and ecology, respectively, over a long period of time. Harrison's group is shown to have been a classic research school; Pickford's and Hutchinson's were not. Pickford's group was successful in spite of her lack of departmental or institutional position or power. Hutchinson and his graduate and postgraduate students were extremely productive, but in diverse areas of ecology rather than one focused area of research or the use of one set of research tools. Hutchinson's example shows that new models for research groups are needed, especially for those that include extensive field research.

Question: who did not have departmental power
Answer: Grace E. Pickford

Question: What do Harrison, Pickford, and Hutchinson have in common?
Answer: All produced innovative research, including the opening of new subfields in embryology, endocrinology, and ecology, respectively, over a long period of time

Question: what groups research shows that new models are needed
Answer: Hutchinson's

Question: what is harrison's first name
Answer: Ross

Question: what is pickford's first name
Answer: Grace

Question: what year were the research groups compared
Answer: 2003

Question: Why are Harrison, Pickford, and Hutchinson similar?
Answer: All produced innovative research, including the opening of new subfields in embryology, endocrinology, and ecology, respectively, over a long period of time

Question: Who comprised the three Yale groups that conducted biological research in Slack's study?
Answer: graduate students and more experienced scientists

Question: Which subfield did Pickford's group open?
Answer: endocrinology

Question: What is the common ground across Harrison, Pickford, and Hutchinson?
Answer: All produced innovative research, including the opening of new subfields in embryology, endocrinology, and ecology, respectively, over a long period of time
Universal_Studios

"Junior" Laemmle persuaded his father to bring Universal up to date. He bought and built theaters, converted the studio to sound production, and made several forays into high-quality production. His early efforts included the critically mauled part-talkie version of Edna Ferber's novel Show Boat (1929), the lavish musical Broadway (1929) which included Technicolor sequences; and the first all-color musical feature (for Universal), King of Jazz (1930). The more serious All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), won its year's Best Picture Oscar.

Question: __ was directed by Paul fejos.
Answer: Broadway

Question: What was Junior's ultimate goal?
Answer: bring Universal up to date

Question: What was revolutionary?
Answer: King of Jazz

Question: Name a characteristic of All Quiet on the Western Front?
Answer: serious

Question: Merna Kennedy starred as Billie in __
Answer: Broadway

Question: What reception did Show Boat receive?
Answer: critically mauled

Question: The sound version of __ was reconstructed in 2012.
Answer: Broadway

Question: Who was responsible for Universal before Junior?
Answer: his father
Universal_Studios

It is the world's fourth oldest major film studio, after the renowned French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, and the Danish Nordisk Film company.

Question: Which of the following company is not French: Pathé or Nordisk Film?
Answer: Nordisk Film

Question: Napolean Bonaparte was a leader that lead what kind of forces?
Answer: French

Question: If you consider the three studios mentioned, which is the country that has 33% chances to have the first oldest film studio?
Answer: Danish

Question: What is the world's second oldest film studio?
Answer: Pathé

Question: Which of the following company is not Danish, Pathé or Nordisk Film?
Answer: Pathé

Question: Which if the following company is not Danish, Gaumont Film or Nordisk Film?
Answer: Gaumont Film

Question: Which is the only company out of the three mentioned that does not have the word "film" in its name?
Answer: Pathé

Question: A name for a pastry originating from Denmark is?
Answer: Danish

Question: What is the world's oldest film studio?
Answer: Gaumont Film Company

Question: What film company invented the newsreel?
Answer: Pathé

Question: What company is Pathe?
Answer: French

Question: The first film company in the world was?
Answer: Gaumont

Question: What is Gaumont Film company besides being renowned?
Answer: major

Question: An army officer of high rank in the US army is?
Answer: major