UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Florida

Reapportionment following the 2010 United States Census gave the state two more seats in the House of Representatives. The legislature's redistricting, announced in 2012, was quickly challenged in court, on the grounds that it had unfairly benefited Republican interests. In 2015, the Florida Supreme Court ruled on appeal that the congressional districts had to be redrawn because of the legislature's violation of the Fair District Amendments to the state constitution passed in 2010; it accepted a new map in early December 2015.

Question: What gave the house of representatives 2 more seats?
Answer: Reapportionment

Question: Which happened earlier, the Fair District Amendments to the state constitution was passed or the legislature's redistricting was announced?
Answer: the Fair District Amendments to the state constitution passed

Question: What happened 5 years before 2020?
Answer: Florida Supreme Court ruled on appeal that the congressional districts had to be redrawn

Question: What party tried to draw congressional districts so that they'd get more seats in congress?
Answer: Republican

Question: What happened to the legislatures redistricting?
Answer: challenged in court

Question: At what point did Florida finally have fairly drawn congressional districts?
Answer: December 2015

Question: What was accepted in 2010?
Answer: congressional districts had to be redrawn

Question: Which happened second, the legislature's redistricting was announced or the Florida Supreme Court ruled on appeal?
Answer: the Florida Supreme Court ruled on appeal

Question: What was the second event to take place after 2010?
Answer: legislature's redistricting

Question: What entity mandated that Florida have more fairly drawn congressional districts?
Answer: Florida Supreme Court

Question: What was announced in the year that comes two years after 2010?
Answer: The legislature's redistricting

Question: Which happened first, the Fair District Amendments to the state constitution was passed or a new map was accepted?
Answer: the Fair District Amendments to the state constitution passed

Question: What group was in charge of drawing Florida's congressional districts?
Answer: legislature

Question: Which happened later, the Fair District Amendments to the state constitution was passed or the Florida Supreme Court ruled on appeal?
Answer: the Florida Supreme Court ruled on appeal

Question: What state got two additional representatives in 2010?
Answer: Florida
Florida

As of 2010, those of African ancestry accounted for 16.0% of Florida's population, which includes African Americans. Out of the 16.0%, 4.0% (741,879) were West Indian or Afro-Caribbean American. During the early 1900s, black people made up nearly half of the state's population. In response to segregation, disfranchisement and agricultural depression, many African Americans migrated from Florida to northern cities in the Great Migration, in waves from 1910 to 1940, and again starting in the later 1940s. They moved for jobs, better education for their children and the chance to vote and participate in society. By 1960 the proportion of African Americans in the state had declined to 18%. Conversely large numbers of northern whites moved to the state.[citation needed] Today, large concentrations of black residents can be found in northern and central Florida. Aside from blacks descended from African slaves brought to the US south, there are also large numbers of blacks of West Indian, recent African, and Afro-Latino immigrant origins, especially in the Miami/South Florida area. In 2010, Florida had the highest percentage of West Indians in the United States, with 2.0% (378,926) from Haitian ancestry, and 1.3% (236,950) Jamaican. All other (non-Hispanic) Caribbean nations were well below 0.1% of Florida residents.

Question: What year did the Great Migration temporarily end?
Answer: 1940

Question: Which ancestry were more Florida residents from in 2010, Haitian or Jamaican?
Answer: Haitian

Question: Did the proportion of African Americans in Florida increase or decrease by 1960?
Answer: declined

Question: Afro-latino immigrants are concentrated in the
Answer: Miami/South Florida area

Question: 16% of the population of Florida has
Answer: African ancestry

Question: what percent of Floridians with african ancestry are West Indian
Answer: 4.0%

Question: Were there more Jamaicans living in Florida during 2010 or those from other non-Hispanic Caribbean nations?
Answer: Jamaican

Question: why did African Americans move from Florida to northern cities
Answer: In response to segregation, disfranchisement and agricultural depression

Question: Were there more residence living in Florida in 2010 with an African ancestry or Jamaican ancestry?
Answer: African
Florida

As a result of these initiatives northeastern Florida prospered economically in a way it never did under Spanish rule. Furthermore, the British governors were directed to call general assemblies as soon as possible in order to make laws for the Floridas and in the meantime they were, with the advice of councils, to establish courts. This would be the first introduction of much of the English-derived legal system which Florida still has today including trial by jury, habeas corpus and county-based government. Neither East Florida nor West Florida would send any representatives to Philadelphia to draft the Declaration of Independence. Florida would remain a Loyalist stronghold for the duration of the American Revolution.

Question: Which rule managed the resources of Florida better?
Answer: British

Question: Who created the legal system still in use in Florida?
Answer: British

Question: The introduction of what institution helped Florida to prosper economically under British rule?
Answer: English-derived legal system

Question: The British established what type of local jurisdiction in Florida?
Answer: county-based government

Question: Who was Flordia loyal to during the American Revolution?
Answer: British

Question: Which body was in charge of establishing courts in the Floridas?
Answer: general assemblies

Question: Northeastern Florida prospered under whose rule?
Answer: British

Question: Who did Florida favor during the American War of Independence?
Answer: the British

Question: Who was in charge of making laws for the Floridas?
Answer: general assemblies

Question: Where was the Declaration of Independence drafted?
Answer: Philadelphia

Question: Who controlled Florida prior to the British?
Answer: Spanish

Question: In what way did northeast Florida prosper under the British governors?
Answer: economically

Question: Who did Florida prosper better under?
Answer: British

Question: Which part of Florida prospered economically?
Answer: northeastern
Florida

NASCAR (headquartered in Daytona Beach) begins all three of its major auto racing series in Florida at Daytona International Speedway in February, featuring the Daytona 500, and ends all three Series in November at Homestead-Miami Speedway. Daytona also has the Coke Zero 400 NASCAR race weekend around Independence Day in July. The 24 Hours of Daytona is one of the world's most prestigious endurance auto races. The Grand Prix of St. Petersburg and Grand Prix of Miami have held IndyCar races as well.

Question: which state is mentioned first?
Answer: Florida

Question: What is the starting time of NASCAR's big events?
Answer: February

Question: The company headquartered in Daytona Beach has a what reputation?
Answer: prestigious

Question: How many miles is the February competition?
Answer: 500

Question: What is the ending time of NASCAR's big events?
Answer: November

Question: What city hosts the competition in mid-fall?
Answer: Miami

Question: What happens in July?
Answer: the Coke Zero 400 NASCAR race weekend

Question: which city is mentioned last?
Answer: Miami

Question: what race is mentioned first?
Answer: Daytona 500

Question: The company headquartered in Daytona Beach runs different?
Answer: series

Question: The company headquartered in Daytona Beach is in the what business?
Answer: auto racing

Question: How many miles is the summer race?
Answer: 400

Question: what location is mentioned first?
Answer: Daytona Beach

Question: what month is mentioned first?
Answer: February

Question: What soda represents one of the races?
Answer: Coke Zero

Question: What competition differs from stock car racing?
Answer: Grand Prix

Question: What is the total amount of big events in NASCAR?
Answer: three
Catalan_language

Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan. The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects. There are a few other differences in pronunciation, verbal morphology, and vocabulary.

Question: Where is this an issue?
Answer: Catalan

Question: What allows you to know what dialect you are listening to?
Answer: the treatment of unstressed a and e

Question: What is the final variance listed in the text
Answer: vocabulary

Question: How are a and e treated in the East?
Answer: merged to /ə/

Question: What is the second to last variance listed in the text
Answer: morphology

Question: Where is the difference more clear?
Answer: Western dialects

Question: What has disappeared in one dialect?
Answer: The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects

Question: What is another variance besides verbal morphology, pronunciation and vocabulary
Answer: the treatment of unstressed a and e

Question: How do these differences compared?
Answer: The main difference lies in the treatment of unstressed a and e; which have merged to /ə/ in Eastern dialects, but which remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects

Question: What are eastern Catalan and western Catalan?
Answer: two major dialectal blocks

Question: How is the parent divided?
Answer: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan

Question: What is /a/ and /e/?
Answer: the treatment of unstressed a and e

Question: How does it differ in its sister language?
Answer: remain distinct as /a/ and /e/ in Western dialects

Question: What is a difference in the region?
Answer: Catalan is split in two major dialectal blocks: Eastern Catalan, and Western Catalan

Question: How are a and e treated in the West?
Answer: distinct as /a/ and /e/
Catalan_language

By the 9th century, Catalan had evolved from Vulgar Latin on both sides of the eastern end of the Pyrenees, as well as the territories of the Roman province of Hispania Tarraconensis to the south. From the 8th century onwards the Catalan counts extended their territory southwards and westwards at the expense of the Muslims, bringing their language with them. This process was given definitive impetus with the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire in 988.

Question: Muslims to the south and west were supplanted by who?
Answer: Catalan

Question: What century was from the period of 801 till the year 900?
Answer: 9th

Question: The year 988 is a part of what century?
Answer: 8th

Question: What gave momentum to the Catalans moving into Muslim territories?
Answer: the separation of the County of Barcelona from the Carolingian Empire

Question: The English word for common in Ancient Rome was translated to?
Answer: Vulgar

Question: A historical title of nobility in certain European countries, from the related term of county is called?
Answer: counts

Question: What Latin word means an assualt, or a rushing upon?
Answer: impetus

Question: Under whose control was the area south of the Pyrenees in which Catalan was spoken?
Answer: Roman
Catalan_language

There is evidence that, at least from the a.d. 2nd century, the vocabulary and phonology of Roman Tarraconensis was different from the rest of Roman Hispania. Differentiation has arisen generally because Spanish, Asturian, and Galician-Portuguese share certain peripheral archaisms (Spanish hervir, Asturian/Portuguese ferver vs. Catalan bullir, Occitan bolir "to boil") and innovatory regionalisms (Sp novillo, Ast nuviellu vs. Cat torell, Oc taurèl "bullock"), while Catalan has a shared history with the Western Romance innovative core, especially Occitan.

Question: São Tomé and Príncipe has which official language?
Answer: Portuguese

Question: Who were first mentioned type of people?
Answer: Roman Tarraconensis

Question: A genre of books that involve relationships and the pursuit of love is called?
Answer: Romance

Question: who was the second of the groups mentioned with similarites?
Answer: Asturian

Question: The term used to denote what is seen on the side by the eye when looking straight ahead is?
Answer: peripheral

Question: Which of the following is not a feature of a language: vocabulary, evidence or phonology?
Answer: evidence

Question: Who was the first of the groups of people mentioned with similarities?
Answer: Spanish

Question: The act of raising a liquid's temperatures to a point where it bubbles and turns to vapor/gas is called?
Answer: boil

Question: The official language of all of Spain is?
Answer: Spanish

Question: Which of the following is least closely related to the others: Spanish, Occitan or Catalan?
Answer: Spanish

Question: Which of the following is a language: Spanish, Western or Romance?
Answer: Spanish
Catalan_language

According to Ethnologue, the lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages is: 87% with Italian; 85% with Portuguese; 80% with Spanish; 76% with Ladin; 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian.

Question: Which language ranks fourth among the Romance languages that compare to Catalan?
Answer: Ladin

Question: Which language overlaps Catalan the least, Spanish or Ladin?
Answer: Ladin

Question: Which language has the second highest lexical similarity to Catalan?
Answer: Portuguese

Question: Which language has the least lexical similarity to Catalan?
Answer: Romanian

Question: Catalan is grouped into the?
Answer: Romance languages

Question: Sardinian is a?
Answer: Romance languages

Question: Portuguese is a?
Answer: Romance languages

Question: Is Catalan more like Spanish or Sardinian?
Answer: Spanish

Question: Which has a higher percentage of lexical similarity between Catalan and other Romance languages, Spanish or Italian?
Answer: Italian

Question: Is Catalan more like Romanian or Sardinian?
Answer: 75% with Sardinian; and 73% with Romanian
Catalan_language

In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct. There are a few instances of unreduced [e], [o] in some words. Alguerese has lowered [ə] to [a].

Question: What letters in a word are difficult to hear when spoken due to being masked by louder syllables or letters?
Answer: unstressed

Question: A speech sound which is produced by the opening of the vocal tract, with vibration of the vocal cords but without audible friction is called?
Answer: vowels

Question: Five vowels are commonly cited including a,e,i,o, and what final letter?
Answer: u

Question: What is the last example of vowels?
Answer: [ə] to [a]

Question: a and e are types of?
Answer: vowels

Question: The main language spoken on the largest island in the Balearic Islands is?
Answer: Catalan

Question: This language type excludes?
Answer: Majorcan

Question: Where do vowels occur?
Answer: words

Question: What language, not dialect is spoken in the town Alghero?
Answer: Catalan

Question: Which is the last language mentioned in the paragraph?
Answer: Alguerese

Question: U is a type of?
Answer: vowels

Question: What are the elements that are called unstressed in some instances and unreduced in other instances?
Answer: vowels

Question: The Majorcan is an exception to what?
Answer: In Eastern Catalan (except Majorcan), unstressed vowels reduce to three: /a e ɛ/ > [ə]; /o ɔ u/ > [u]; /i/ remains distinct

Question: Which letter is mentioned by itself in both Eastern Catalan and Alguerese?
Answer: [ə]

Question: The vowels at first are described how?
Answer: unstressed vowels reduce to three

Question: Which is the last vowel mentioned in this paragraph?
Answer: [a]
Catalan_language

Since the Spanish transition to democracy (1975–1982), Catalan has been institutionalizated as an official language, language of education, and language of mass media; all of which have contributed to its increased prestige. In Catalonia, there is no parallel of a large, bilingual, European, non-state speech community. The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools, but it is possible to use Spanish for studying in the public education system of Catalonia in two situations, if the teacher assigned to a class chooses to use Spanish, or during the learning process of one or some recently arrived students.  There is also some intergenerational shift towards Catalan.

Question: What year came after 1981?
Answer: 1982

Question: What language is not mandatory?
Answer: Spanish

Question: What means side-by-side?
Answer: parallel

Question: What does the United States not have when it comes to languages?
Answer: an official language

Question: Which of the following is not a language: Spanish, Catalan, or European?
Answer: European

Question: What is the official policy in regards to children and Catalan?
Answer: The teaching of Catalan is mandatory in all schools

Question: Which of the following is not a reason to use Spanish for studying: the teacher chooses to, some of the students are recently arrived, or intergenerational shift?
Answer: intergenerational shift

Question: What word means brings honor?
Answer: prestige

Question: What if a new student arrives and doesn't understand Catalan?
Answer: it is possible to use Spanish

Question: What happened to the prestige of Catalan?
Answer: increased
Catalan_language

Central Catalan is considered the standard pronunciation of the language. The descriptions below are mostly for this variety. For the differences in pronunciation of the different dialects, see the section pronunciation of dialects in this article.

Question: What is it call when I do not want the differences in pronunciation
Answer: Central Catalan

Question: what else is different besides pronunciation in the text
Answer: dialects

Question: What is it call when I do not want the differences in pronunciation of the different dialects
Answer: Central Catalan
Catalan_language

Despite the position of the official organizations, an opinion poll carried out between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the Valencian people consider Valencian different from Catalan. This position is promoted by people who do not use Valencian regularly. Furthermore, the data indicates that younger generations educated in Valencian are much less likely to hold these views. A minority of Valencian scholars active in fields other than linguistics defends the position of the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV), which uses for Valencian a standard independent from Catalan.

Question: The Royal Academy of Valencian Culture agrees with the?
Answer: opinion poll

Question: How was a majority opinion determined in 2001 and 2004?
Answer: poll

Question: How many scholars are active in fields other than t he linguistics?
Answer: minority of Valencian scholars

Question: Catalan is not?
Answer: Valencian

Question: How many people think that Valencian is different than Catalan?
Answer: the majority of the Valencian people

Question: Who does a small amount of non-linguists say is right?
Answer: the Royal Academy of Valencian Culture (Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV)

Question: What did the people disagree about?
Answer: consider Valencian different from Catalan

Question: How was it determined that younger people are less likely to consider Valencian different than Catalan?
Answer: an opinion poll

Question: Who disagreed with the so-called officials?
Answer: the majority of the Valencian people

Question: Who agrees less with the polls?
Answer: younger generations educated in Valencian

Question: What did the opinion poll in 2001 and 2004 produce?
Answer: data

Question: Who agrees most with the polls?
Answer: people who do not use Valencian regularly

Question: The Valencian was studied in what academy is used as a standard for independence from Catalan?
Answer: Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana, RACV

Question: Which entity uses Valencian as a standard?
Answer: Acadèmia de Cultura Valenciana

Question: An opinion poll that was what between 2001 and 2004 showed that the majority of the people consider Valencian different from Catalan?
Answer: carried out
Catalan_language

The endonym is pronounced /kə.təˈɫa/ in the Eastern Catalan dialects, and /ka.taˈɫa/ in the Western dialects. In the Valencian Community, the term valencià (/va.len.siˈa/) is frequently used instead. The names "Catalan" and "Valencian" are two names for the same language. See also status of Valencian below.

Question: What are variations of the same language referred to as?
Answer: dialects

Question: What is the first mentioned way to say the word?
Answer: /kə.təˈɫa/

Question: Which part of the endonym is identical in the East and West?
Answer: ˈɫa

Question: What term has four syllables?
Answer: (/va.len.siˈa/)

Question: People from where would say the word the way that was first listed?
Answer: Eastern Catalan

Question: Who comes from Valencia?
Answer: Valencian

Question: What area are the people in that use the second mentioned way to say it?
Answer: Western

Question: What is the alternative way to say it?
Answer: /ka.taˈɫa/

Question: What term is not generally used in the dialect that is divided between East and West?
Answer: valencià (/va.len.siˈa/)
Catalan_language

With the Treaty of the Pyrenees (1659), Spain ceded the northern part of Catalonia to France, and soon thereafter the local Catalan varieties came under the influence of French, which in 1700 became the sole official language of the region.

Question: High-quality fruits come from the Loire Valley and central  __.
Answer: France

Question: __ cuisine developed throughout the centuries influenced by the many surrounding cultures of Spain, Italy, Switzerland, Germany and Belgium.
Answer: French

Question: Catalonia used to all be in?
Answer: Spain

Question: In Catalonia they speak Catalan and?
Answer: French

Question: During the 16th and 17th centuries, __ cuisine assimilated many new food items from the New World.
Answer: French

Question: Some of Catalonia isn't supposed to speak?
Answer: Catalan