UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Detroit

In the 1940s, Detroit blues artist John Lee Hooker became a long-term resident in the city's southwest Delray neighborhood. Hooker, among other important blues musicians migrated from his home in Mississippi bringing the Delta blues to northern cities like Detroit. Hooker recorded for Fortune Records, the biggest pre-Motown blues/soul label. During the 1950s, the city became a center for jazz, with stars performing in the Black Bottom neighborhood. Prominent emerging Jazz musicians of the 1960s included: trumpet player Donald Byrd who attended Cass Tech and performed with Art Blakey and the Jazz Messengers early in his career and Saxophonist Pepper Adams who enjoyed a solo career and accompanied Byrd on several albums. The Graystone International Jazz Museum documents jazz in Detroit.

Question: What city, in the 1950s, became popular among those who professionally performed jazz music?
Answer: Detroit

Question: Hooker is a musician, which is a type of?
Answer: artist

Question: Was Art Blakey, like John Lee Hooker, a blues musician, or was he instead a jazz musician?
Answer: Jazz

Question: What record label recorded the most blues/soul records post Fortune Records?
Answer: Motown

Question: Where did John Lee Hooker live prior to Detroit?
Answer: Mississippi

Question: Was Hooker, like Donald Byrd and Art Blakey, a jazz musician, or was he a blues musician?
Answer: blues

Question: Who besides Hooker brought the Delta Blues to northern cities?
Answer: other important blues musicians
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses believe that the Bible condemns the mixing of religions, on the basis that there can only be one truth from God, and therefore reject interfaith and ecumenical movements. They believe that only their religion represents true Christianity, and that other religions fail to meet all the requirements set by God and will soon be destroyed. Jehovah's Witnesses are taught that it is vital to remain "separate from the world." The Witnesses' literature defines the "world" as "the mass of mankind apart from Jehovah's approved servants" and teach that it is morally contaminated and ruled by Satan. Witnesses are taught that association with "worldly" people presents a "danger" to their faith, and are instructed to minimize social contact with non-members to better maintain their own standards of morality.

Question: What other religion does Jehovah's Witnesses support?
Answer: reject interfaith and ecumenical movements

Question: Jehovah's Witnesses are concerned about the ways of whom?
Answer: Satan

Question: What do worldly people represent?
Answer: "danger" to their faith

Question: What does the world look like to Witnesses'?
Answer: morally contaminated and ruled by Satan

Question: Why don't Jehovah's Witnesses believe in multiple religious teachings?
Answer: on the basis that there can only be one truth from God

Question: Jehovah's Witness believes what about religion?
Answer: there can only be one truth from God

Question: What is said about those people outside of their religion?
Answer: morally contaminated and ruled by Satan

Question: Why might Jehovah's Witnesses only want to make friends with other Witnesses?
Answer: Witnesses are taught that association with "worldly" people presents a "danger" to their faith, and are instructed to minimize social contact with non-members to better maintain their own standards of morality

Question: Why does Jehovah's Witnesses reject interfaith?
Answer: Bible condemns the mixing of religions

Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses do that no other religion does, according to them?
Answer: meet all the requirements set by God
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Former members Heather and Gary Botting compare the cultural paradigms of the religion to George Orwell's Nineteen Eighty-four, and Alan Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian. Other critics charge that by disparaging individual decision-making, the religion's leaders cultivate a system of unquestioning obedience in which Witnesses abrogate all responsibility and rights over their personal lives. Critics also accuse the religion's leaders of exercising "intellectual dominance" over Witnesses, controlling information and creating "mental isolation", which former Governing Body member Raymond Franz argued were all elements of mind control.

Question: What goals do religious leaders have concerning the public according to critics?
Answer: cultivate a system of unquestioning obedience

Question: What describes the underpinnings of the religion?
Answer: totalitarian

Question: Heather and Gary Botting used to be
Answer: Witnesses

Question: What were the religious representatives blamed for?
Answer: exercising "intellectual dominance" over Witnesses, controlling information and creating "mental isolation"

Question: In what way did Botting and Rogerson have different views concerning religion?
Answer: Rogerson describes the religion's leadership as totalitarian

Question: according to Raymond who was using elements of mind control
Answer: the religion's leaders

Question: What style is the religion comparable to?
Answer: totalitarian

Question: What undertones does the religion have?
Answer: totalitarian
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Doctrines of Jehovah's Witnesses are established by the Governing Body. The religion does not tolerate dissent over doctrines and practices; members who openly disagree with the religion's teachings are expelled and shunned. Witness publications strongly discourage followers from questioning doctrine and counsel received from the Governing Body, reasoning that it is to be trusted as part of "God's organization". It also warns members to "avoid independent thinking", claiming such thinking "was introduced by Satan the Devil" and would "cause division". Those who openly disagree with official teachings are condemned as "apostates" who are "mentally diseased".

Question: What is an irreversible action?
Answer: openly disagree with the religion's teachings

Question: Who warns members to "avoid independent thinking"?
Answer: the Governing Body

Question: What is a threat?
Answer: independent thinking

Question: Why is independent thinking bad
Answer: cause division

Question: Who are the mentally diseased
Answer: apostates

Question: what happens to to "independent thinkers"?
Answer: expelled and shunned

Question: Means to be kicked out
Answer: expelled

Question: Who is responsible for dissent
Answer: Satan

Question: who are the "mentally diseased"?
Answer: warns members to "avoid independent thinking"

Question: what can "cause division"?
Answer: independent thinking

Question: What is not up for discussion?
Answer: doctrines and practices

Question: Who who are the "apostates"?
Answer: Those who openly disagree with official teachings
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Meetings for worship and study are held at Kingdom Halls, which are typically functional in character, and do not contain religious symbols. Witnesses are assigned to a congregation in whose "territory" they usually reside and attend weekly services they refer to as "meetings" as scheduled by congregation elders. The meetings are largely devoted to study of Watch Tower Society literature and the Bible. The format of the meetings is established by the religion's headquarters, and the subject matter for most meetings is the same worldwide. Congregations meet for two sessions each week comprising five distinct meetings that total about three-and-a-half hours, typically gathering mid-week (three meetings) and on the weekend (two meetings). Prior to 2009, congregations met three times each week; these meetings were condensed, with the intention that members dedicate an evening for "family worship". Gatherings are opened and closed with kingdom songs (hymns) and brief prayers. Twice each year, Witnesses from a number of congregations that form a "circuit" gather for a one-day assembly. Larger groups of congregations meet once a year for a three-day "regional convention", usually at rented stadiums or auditoriums. Their most important and solemn event is the commemoration of the "Lord's Evening Meal", or "Memorial of Christ's Death" on the date of the Jewish Passover.

Question: How much variation is there in meetings in different places?
Answer: subject matter for most meetings is the same worldwide

Question: What do Witnesses do when they meet?
Answer: study of Watch Tower Society literature and the Bible

Question: All activity described is part of a?
Answer: religion

Question: What happens at the beginning of a meeting?
Answer: kingdom songs (hymns) and brief prayers

Question: What purpose does Kingdom Hall serve?
Answer: typically functional in character

Question: How long do Witnesses meet?
Answer: two sessions each week comprising five distinct meetings that total about three-and-a-half hours

Question: Meetings are led by?
Answer: elders

Question: What do Witnesses participate in to celebrate Easter?
Answer: the "Lord's Evening Meal", or "Memorial of Christ's Death"

Question: Who puts out the texts witnesses study in their meetings?
Answer: Watch Tower Society

Question: Besides worship, another activity at the halls is?
Answer: study

Question: How does the meeting differ in different congregations?
Answer: the subject matter for most meetings is the same worldwide

Question: What do witnesses do instead of the meeting they used to have?
Answer: family worship
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Witnesses believe that a "little flock" go to heaven, but that the hope for life after death for the majority of "other sheep" involves being resurrected by God to a cleansed earth after Armageddon. They interpret Revelation 14:1–5 to mean that the number of Christians going to heaven is limited to exactly 144,000, who will rule with Jesus as kings and priests over earth. Jehovah's Witnesses teach that only they meet scriptural requirements for surviving Armageddon, but that God is the final judge. During Christ's millennial reign, most people who died prior to Armageddon will be resurrected with the prospect of living forever; they will be taught the proper way to worship God to prepare them for their final test at the end of the millennium.

Question: If they are brought back, what do they face?
Answer: prospect of living forever

Question: What do the Jehovah's Witnesses believe with regards to God's role in Armageddon?
Answer: God is the final judge

Question: How long did Jesus Christ rule?
Answer: millennial

Question: Which comes later, Armageddon or the final test?
Answer: final test

Question: What is the chapter of Revelation the Jehovah's witnesses rely on?
Answer: 14

Question: Who survives Armageddon?
Answer: Jehovah's Witnesses

Question: What is another way to say 1000 years?
Answer: millennial

Question: What is the first verse of Revelations the Jehovah's Witnesses rely on?
Answer: 1

Question: People who died before Armageddon have the chance to exist for how long?
Answer: forever

Question: Who is brought back with Jesus?
Answer: people who died prior to Armageddon

Question: What is the name of God's son?
Answer: Christ
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Baptism is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses. Jehovah's Witnesses do not practice infant baptism, and previous baptisms performed by other denominations are not considered valid. Individuals undergoing baptism must affirm publicly that dedication and baptism identify them "as one of Jehovah's Witnesses in association with God's spirit-directed organization," though Witness publications say baptism symbolizes personal dedication to God and not "to a man, work or organization." Their literature emphasizes the need for members to be obedient and loyal to Jehovah and to "his organization,"[note 2] stating that individuals must remain part of it to receive God's favor and to survive Armageddon.

Question: What to members believe is God's organization?
Answer: Jehovah's Witnesses

Question: How does this religion differe?
Answer: Jehovah's Witnesses do not practice infant baptism, and previous baptisms performed by other denominations are not considered valid

Question: What name do Jehovah's Witnesses use for God?
Answer: Jehovah

Question: What is a requirement?
Answer: the need for members to be obedient and loyal to Jehovah and to "his organization,"

Question: Is this ritual more of a indication that they relate to the church or to their deity?
Answer: baptism symbolizes personal dedication to God and not "to a man, work or organization."

Question: What is a tenet of this religion?
Answer: Individuals undergoing baptism must affirm publicly that dedication and baptism identify them "as one of Jehovah's Witnesses in association with God's spirit-directed organization

Question: Who receives the dedication that members give after baptism?
Answer: God

Question: What do Jehovah's Witnesses think about the baptism someone had as a baby?
Answer: not considered valid

Question: How is this religion similar to others?
Answer: Baptism is a requirement for being considered a member of Jehovah's Witnesses

Question: Why is the ceremony performed?
Answer: publicly that dedication and baptism identify them "as one of Jehovah's Witnesses in association with God's spirit-directed organization,"

Question: Why can't infants be baptized?
Answer: baptism must affirm publicly that dedication

Question: If a Jehovah's Witness leaves the organization what may they not get through alive?
Answer: Armageddon
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses are perhaps best known for their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people from house to house, distributing literature published by the Watch Tower Society in 700 languages. The objective is to start a regular "Bible study" with any person who is not already a member, with the intention that the student be baptized as a member of the group; Witnesses are advised to consider discontinuing Bible studies with students who show no interest in becoming members. Witnesses are taught they are under a biblical command to engage in public preaching. They are instructed to devote as much time as possible to their ministry and are required to submit an individual monthly "Field Service Report". Baptized members who fail to report a month of preaching are termed "irregular" and may be counseled by elders; those who do not submit reports for six consecutive months are termed "inactive".

Question: What might happen if a Jehovah's Witness does not submit a Field Service Report?
Answer: termed "irregular" and may be counseled by elders; those who do not submit reports for six consecutive months are termed "inactive

Question: What happens when a student isn't interested in the religion?
Answer: consider discontinuing Bible studies

Question: Who is inactive?
Answer: those who do not submit reports for six consecutive months

Question: Why are some members talked to by higher-ups?
Answer: fail to report a month of preaching

Question: What do they do with the monthly report?
Answer: submit

Question: Why do Jehovah's witnesses go house to house?
Answer: to start a regular "Bible study" with any person who is not already a member, with the intention that the student be baptized as a member of the group

Question: What happens to irregular members?
Answer: counseled by elders

Question: What is done if they find an interested party?
Answer: start a regular "Bible study"

Question: What is taught to and expected of a Jehovah's Witness?
Answer: They are instructed to devote as much time as possible to their ministry and are required to submit an individual monthly "Field Service Report"

Question: Who distributes literature?
Answer: Witnesses

Question: How might you recognize someone as a Jehovah's Witness?
Answer: their efforts to spread their beliefs, most notably by visiting people from house to house, distributing literature
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Though Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions of whole blood, they may accept some blood plasma fractions at their own discretion. The Watch Tower Society provides pre-formatted durable power of attorney documents prohibiting major blood components, in which members can specify which allowable fractions and treatments they will personally accept. Jehovah's Witnesses have established Hospital Liaison Committees as a cooperative arrangement between individual Jehovah's Witnesses and medical professionals and hospitals.

Question: What is a medical prohibition for Witnesses?
Answer: blood transfusions of whole blood

Question: AB is often considered the "universal donor" for __
Answer: plasma

Question: Under whose authority can Jehovah's Witnesses accept plasma fractions?
Answer: their own

Question: How may individual Jehovah's Witnesses specify what blood treatments they are willing to accept?
Answer: durable power of attorney documents

Question: What's prohibited?
Answer: blood transfusions of whole blood

Question: What medical procedure is forbidden for Jehovah's Witnesses?
Answer: blood transfusions of whole blood

Question: What is the medical procedure that is prohibited for Jehovah's Witnesses?
Answer: blood transfusions of whole blood

Question: Serum albumin replaced dried __ for combat use during the Korean War.[
Answer: plasma

Question: __ donated in the United Kingdom is still not used due to concerns about vCJD.
Answer: plasma
Jehovah%27s_Witnesses

Jehovah's Witnesses have been accused of having policies and culture that help to conceal cases of sexual abuse within the organization. The religion has been criticized for its "two witness rule" for church discipline, based on its application of scriptures at Deuteronomy 19:15 and Matthew 18:15-17, which requires sexual abuse to be substantiated by secondary evidence if the accused person denies any wrongdoing. In cases where corroboration is lacking, the Watch Tower Society's instruction is that "the elders will leave the matter in Jehovah's hands". A former member of the church’s headquarters staff, Barbara Anderson, says the policy effectively requires that there be another witness to an act of molestation, "which is an impossibility". Anderson says the policies "protect pedophiles rather than protect the children." Jehovah's Witnesses maintain that they have a strong policy to protect children, adding that the best way to protect children is by educating parents; they also state that they do not sponsor activities that separate children from parents.

Question: Who does Anderson say the church's policies do not protect?
Answer: children

Question: What is the major flaw of the witness system?
Answer: requires that there be another witness to an act of molestation

Question: Who is primarily responsible for protecting children according to the church?
Answer: parents

Question: Who is the most at risk for exploitation under their current rules?
Answer: children

Question: To whom are cases or accusations deferred when no additional evidence is admissible to the elders?
Answer: Jehovah

Question: What policy serves to protect children according to the church?
Answer: they do not sponsor activities that separate children from parents
Capacitor

In October 1745, Ewald Georg von Kleist of Pomerania, Germany, found that charge could be stored by connecting a high-voltage electrostatic generator by a wire to a volume of water in a hand-held glass jar. Von Kleist's hand and the water acted as conductors, and the jar as a dielectric (although details of the mechanism were incorrectly identified at the time). Von Kleist found that touching the wire resulted in a powerful spark, much more painful than that obtained from an electrostatic machine. The following year, the Dutch physicist Pieter van Musschenbroek invented a similar capacitor, which was named the Leyden jar, after the University of Leiden where he worked. He also was impressed by the power of the shock he received, writing, "I would not take a second shock for the kingdom of France."

Question: How did Musschenbroek's work compare to Ewald Georg von Kleist's?
Answer: similar

Question: What flag did Ewald Georg von Kleist salute?
Answer: Germany

Question: What did Musschenbroek experience when he invented the Leyden jar?
Answer: shock

Question: The inventors mentioned in this passage are from France and...?
Answer: Pomerania, Germany

Question: Which of the following is not a city: Pomerania, Leiden or Von Kleist?
Answer: Von Kleist

Question: What was the motivation behind inventing the Leyden jar?
Answer: charge could be stored

Question: What did the jar hold?
Answer: water

Question: What was the time difference between Ewald Georg von Kleist's work and Pieter Van Musschenbroek's work?
Answer: following year

Question: Which was less painful, an electrostatic machine or touching the wire?
Answer: electrostatic machine

Question: Who do we likely have to thank for the initial discovery that led to modern-day capacitors?
Answer: Ewald Georg von Kleist

Question: Which of the following is not someone's last name: von Kleist, Leyden or van Musschenbroek?
Answer: Leyden

Question: How did von Kleist discover that charge could be stored by connecting a high-voltage generator to a volume of water via a wire?
Answer: touching the wire

Question: Of an electrostatic machine and touching the wire, which pain was worse?
Answer: touching the wire
Capacitor

For maximum life, capacitors usually need to be able to handle the maximum amount of reversal that a system will experience. An AC circuit will experience 100% voltage reversal, while under-damped DC circuits will experience less than 100%. Reversal creates excess electric fields in the dielectric, causes excess heating of both the dielectric and the conductors, and can dramatically shorten the life expectancy of the capacitor. Reversal ratings will often affect the design considerations for the capacitor, from the choice of dielectric materials and voltage ratings to the types of internal connections used.

Question: Why are reversal ratings important?
Answer: affect the design considerations for the capacitor

Question: Based on what are different dielectric materials used?
Answer: Reversal ratings

Question: what does voltage reversal cause
Answer: can dramatically shorten the life expectancy of the capacitor

Question: What might get 50% voltage reversal?
Answer: under-damped DC circuits

Question: What might get 95% voltage reversal?
Answer: under-damped DC circuits

Question: what needs to handle 100% voltage reversal
Answer: capacitors

Question: What happens if the capacitor can handle maximum amount of reversal?
Answer: 100% voltage reversal

Question: What leads to shortening of the life expectancy of capacitors?
Answer: Reversal

Question: what should you keep in mind when designing a capacitor
Answer: the choice of dielectric materials and voltage ratings to the types of internal connections used

Question: Why can't a circuit handle the maximum amount of reversal?
Answer: under-damped DC circuits