UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Ottoman_Empire

The Ottoman economic mind was closely related to the basic concepts of state and society in the Middle East in which the ultimate goal of a state was consolidation and extension of the ruler's power, and the way to reach it was to get rich resources of revenues by making the productive classes prosperous. The ultimate aim was to increase the state revenues without damaging the prosperity of subjects to prevent the emergence of social disorder and to keep the traditional organization of the society intact.

Question: What was the goal?
Answer: consolidation and extension of the ruler's power

Question: What needed to be maintained?
Answer: traditional organization of the society

Question: What might occur should the Ottoman bureaucracy become rich at the expense of the people?
Answer: social disorder

Question: What did the Ottoman state wish to make its subjects?
Answer: prosperous

Question: What did the Ottomans seek to accomplish?
Answer: consolidation and extension of the ruler's power

Question: What would help the Ottomans reach their ultimate goal?
Answer: get rich resources of revenues

Question: What was the main goal of the Ottomans?
Answer: get rich

Question: What was this based in?
Answer: related to the basic concepts of state and society in the Middle East in which the ultimate goal of a state was consolidation and extension of the ruler's power, and the way to reach it was to get rich resources of revenues by making the productive classes prosperous

Question: The economy did what?
Answer: increase the state revenues without damaging the prosperity of subjects to prevent the emergence of social disorder and to keep the traditional organization of the society intact

Question: What aim was shared between the Ottomans and the Middle East?
Answer: consolidation and extension of the ruler's power

Question: What was a potential pitfall?
Answer: damaging the prosperity of subjects
Ottoman_Empire

With the extension of Turkish dominion into the Balkans, the strategic conquest of Constantinople became a crucial objective. The empire had managed to control nearly all former Byzantine lands surrounding the city, but in 1402 the Byzantines were temporarily relieved when the Turco-Mongol leader Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire, invaded Anatolia from the east. In the Battle of Ankara in 1402, Timur defeated the Ottoman forces and took Sultan Bayezid I as a prisoner, throwing the empire into disorder. The ensuing civil war lasted from 1402 to 1413 as Bayezid's sons fought over succession. It ended when Mehmed I emerged as the sultan and restored Ottoman power, bringing an end to the Interregnum, also known as the Fetret Devri.

Question: What country won the battle of Ankara?
Answer: the Timurid Empire

Question: What as the name of the confrontation that took place in the 3rd year of the 1400s?
Answer: the Battle of Ankara

Question: Who ruled Constantinople in the past?
Answer: the Byzantines

Question: Which happened first, Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire, invaded Anatolia from the east or Mehmed I emerged as the sultan?
Answer: Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire, invaded Anatolia from the east

Question: Which happened first, the Battle of Ankara or Mehmed I emerged as the sultan?
Answer: the Battle of Ankara

Question: What happened before the civil war, the Battle of Ankara or Mehmed I emerging as the sultan?
Answer: the Battle of Ankara

Question: What empire ruled Constantinople after the civil war?
Answer: Ottoman

Question: What happened first in the 3rd year of the 1400s?
Answer: Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire, invaded Anatolia from the east

Question: What incident led to instability in the Ottoman empire?
Answer: Sultan Bayezid I as a prisoner

Question: Who started the war?
Answer: Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire
Ottoman_Empire

After the Austro-Turkish War of 1716–1718 the Treaty of Passarowitz confirmed the loss of the Banat, Serbia and "Little Walachia" (Oltenia) to Austria. The Treaty also revealed that the Ottoman Empire was on the defensive and unlikely to present any further aggression in Europe. The Austro-Russian–Turkish War, which was ended by the Treaty of Belgrade in 1739, resulted in the recovery of Serbia and Oltenia, but the Empire lost the port of Azov, north of the Crimean Peninsula, to the Russians. After this treaty the Ottoman Empire was able to enjoy a generation of peace, as Austria and Russia were forced to deal with the rise of Prussia.

Question: Who lost Little Walachia in 1718?
Answer: Ottoman Empire

Question: what major event took place between Austria and Turkey?
Answer: War of 1716–1718

Question: Who was neutralized?
Answer: Ottoman Empire

Question: who gained Benat?
Answer: Austria

Question: Who was safe?
Answer: Europe

Question: Who was the new country involved in the treaty in 1739 from 1718?
Answer: Russia

Question: Who had a common concern?
Answer: Austria and Russia

Question: When did the Ottoman Empire get Little Walachia back?
Answer: 1739
Separation_of_powers_under_the_United_States_Constitution

Several twentieth-century presidents have attempted to greatly expand the power of the presidency. Theodore Roosevelt, for instance, claimed that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law—in direct contrast to his immediate successor, William Howard Taft. Franklin Delano Roosevelt held considerable power during the Great Depression. Congress had granted Franklin Roosevelt sweeping authority; in Panama Refining v. Ryan, the Court for the first time struck down a Congressional delegation of power as violative of the doctrine of separation of powers. The aforementioned Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States, another separation of powers case, was also decided during Franklin Roosevelt's presidency. In response to many unfavorable Supreme Court decisions, Roosevelt introduced a "Court Packing" plan, under which more seats would be added to the Supreme Court for the president to fill. Such a plan (which was defeated in Congress) would have seriously undermined the judiciary's independence and power.

Question: Which court case was not brought against the USA?
Answer: Panama Refining v. Ryan

Question: What was the Supreme Court ruling on in the first case?
Answer: Congressional delegation of power as violative of the doctrine of separation of powers

Question: What was deciding during Roosevelt's time in office?
Answer: Schechter Poultry Corp. v. United States

Question: Who was Franklin Roosevelt related to?
Answer: Theodore Roosevelt

Question: What was given to the presidency?
Answer: sweeping authority; in Panama Refining v. Ryan

Question: Who was Theodore Roosevelt related to?
Answer: Franklin Delano Roosevelt

Question: Who thought that the president was permitted to do whatever was not explicitly prohibited by the law, was wrong?
Answer: William Howard Taft

Question: What happened with Roosevelt's answer to losing court cases?
Answer: defeated in Congress

Question: What was Roosevelt's rebuttal?
Answer: a "Court Packing" plan, under which more seats would be added to the Supreme Court for the president to fill

Question: What did Theodore Roosevelt try to do?
Answer: greatly expand the power of the presidency

Question: What happened with Congress during Roosevelt's term?
Answer: the Court for the first time struck down a Congressional delegation of power as violative of the doctrine of separation of powers

Question: When was Franklin Roosevelt president?
Answer: during the Great Depression
John_von_Neumann

In 1955, von Neumann was diagnosed with what was either bone or pancreatic cancer. His mother, Margaret von Neumann, was diagnosed with cancer in 1956 and died within two weeks. John had eighteen months from diagnosis till death. In this period von Neumann returned to the Roman Catholic faith that had also been significant to his mother after the family's conversion in 1929–1930. John had earlier said to his mother, "There is probably a God. Many things are easier to explain if there is than if there isn't." Von Neumann held on to his exemplary knowledge of Latin and quoted to a deathbed visitor the declamation "Judex ergo cum sedebit," and ends "Quid sum miser tunc dicturus? Quem patronum rogaturus, Cum vix iustus sit securus?" (When the judge His seat hath taken ... What shall wretched I then plead? Who for me shall intercede when the righteous scarce is freed?)

Question: What led to von Neumann's belief in God?
Answer: Many things are easier to explain if there is than if there isn't

Question: What occurred in 57th year of the century known as the 1900s?
Answer: Margaret von Neumann, was diagnosed with cancer

Question: What did he tell his mother?
Answer: "There is probably a God. Many things are easier to explain if there is than if there isn't."

Question: Who was diagnosed with cancer first?
Answer: John

Question: During what period of his cancer did von neumann return to the Roman Catholic Faith?
Answer: eighteen months from diagnosis till death

Question: Who had late-stage cancer?
Answer: Margaret von Neumann

Question: What level of understanding was John's foreign language capacity?
Answer: exemplary knowledge

Question: What did he quote on his deathbed?
Answer: When the judge His seat hath taken ... What shall wretched I then plead? Who for me shall intercede when the righteous scarce is freed?

Question: Was it John or his mother who said: "There is probably a God"?
Answer: John

Question: What occurred in 56th year of the century known as the 1900s?
Answer: von Neumann was diagnosed with what was either bone or pancreatic cancer

Question: Which of the following words is not in Latin: Judex, rogaturus, or judge?
Answer: judge

Question: Which of the following is not a type of cancer: bone, conversion, or pancreatic?
Answer: conversion

Question: When did his mother die?
Answer: 1956

Question: Who was the judge John referred to in his quote?
Answer: God
John_von_Neumann

Von Neumann's closest friend in the United States was mathematician Stanislaw Ulam. A later friend of Ulam's, Gian-Carlo Rota writes: "They would spend hours on end gossiping and giggling, swapping Jewish jokes, and drifting in and out of mathematical talk." When von Neumann was dying in hospital, every time Ulam would visit he would come prepared with a new collection of jokes to cheer up his friend. He believed that much of his mathematical thought occurred intuitively, and he would often go to sleep with a problem unsolved, and know the answer immediately upon waking up.

Question: What role did Rota play in Neumann and Ulam's relationship?
Answer: writes

Question: Ulam was able to use what kind of skill to provide?
Answer: mathematical

Question: What did dreams give to Von Neumann?
Answer: the answer

Question: What was Neumann and Ulam's ultimate shared interest?
Answer: jokes

Question: How did Rota know the information he wrote about?
Answer: friend of Ulam's

Question: Where did Ulam practice his skill?
Answer: United States

Question: How did Von Neumann's friend solve numerical questions?
Answer: intuitively

Question: What gifts did Von Neumann's friend take to him?
Answer: jokes

Question: How hard did Ulam work at knowing mathematics?
Answer: He believed that much of his mathematical thought occurred intuitively

Question: How did Ulam provide for himself?
Answer: mathematician

Question: Who was privy to the Jewish jokes, although not there?
Answer: Gian-Carlo Rota

Question: How hard did Ulam have to work at his profession?
Answer: occurred intuitively
John_von_Neumann

The second approach to the problem took as its base the notion of class, and defines a set as a class which belongs to other classes, while a proper class is defined as a class which does not belong to other classes. Under the Zermelo–Fraenkel approach, the axioms impede the construction of a set of all sets which do not belong to themselves. In contrast, under the von Neumann approach, the class of all sets which do not belong to themselves can be constructed, but it is a proper class and not a set.

Question: When a class is not a set?
Answer: class of all sets which do not belong to themselves

Question: What did Fraenkel study?
Answer: set

Question: Which approach is less inclusive?
Answer: Zermelo–Fraenkel approach

Question: What poses an obstacle?
Answer: the axioms

Question: What did Zermelo study?
Answer: set

Question: What is being defined and organized?
Answer: class

Question: What can't you call the formal group ?
Answer: set

Question: What did von Neumann study?
Answer: sets

Question: If a class is a set, what can it not be?
Answer: proper class

Question: What is different from the norm?
Answer: the von Neumann approach

Question: If a class is a proper class what can it not be?
Answer: set

Question: In someone's view how can things slow dow?
Answer: axioms impede the construction of a set of all sets which do not belong to themselves

Question: What does class help define?
Answer: a set

Question: What was not the primary solution?
Answer: The second approach
John_von_Neumann

Since there were few posts in Hungary for mathematicians, and those were not well-paid, his father wanted von Neumann to follow him into industry and therefore invest his time in a more financially useful endeavor than mathematics. So it was decided that the best career path was to become a chemical engineer. This was not something that von Neumann had much knowledge of, so it was arranged for him to take a two-year non-degree course in chemistry at the University of Berlin, after which he sat the entrance exam to the prestigious ETH Zurich, which he passed in September 1923. At the same time, von Neumann also entered Pázmány Péter University in Budapest, as a Ph.D. candidate in mathematics. For his thesis, he chose to produce an axiomatization of Cantor's set theory. He passed his final examinations for his Ph.D. soon after graduating from ETH Zurich in 1926. He then went to the University of Göttingen on a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to study mathematics under David Hilbert.

Question: Why did von Neumann's dad want him in the Industry sector?
Answer: wanted von Neumann to follow him into industry and therefore invest his time in a more financially useful endeavor than mathematics

Question: What was the drawback of math for Neumann?
Answer: few posts

Question: How did von Neumann's dream come back around?
Answer: He then went to the University of Göttingen on a grant from the Rockefeller Foundation to study mathematics under David Hilbert

Question: What subject did Neumann study after math?
Answer: chemistry

Question: What earned him his doctorate?
Answer: he chose to produce an axiomatization of Cantor's set theory

Question: What was the issue with the decision?
Answer: This was not something that von Neumann had much knowledge of

Question: What did his father want?
Answer: the best career path was to become a chemical engineer

Question: His schooling was completed in what?
Answer: mathematics

Question: What famous American entrepreneur is mentioned here?
Answer: Rockefeller

Question: How did the problem of his lack of understanding of a new idea get solved and propel him to take the entrance exam at school?
Answer: it was arranged for him to take a two-year non-degree course in chemistry

Question: Why did he want his son to follow him?
Answer: there were few posts in Hungary for mathematicians, and those were not well-paid

Question: What science did Neumann study?
Answer: chemistry
John_von_Neumann

Von Neumann's principal contribution to the atomic bomb was in the concept and design of the explosive lenses needed to compress the plutonium core of the Fat Man weapon that was later dropped on Nagasaki. While von Neumann did not originate the "implosion" concept, he was one of its most persistent proponents, encouraging its continued development against the instincts of many of his colleagues, who felt such a design to be unworkable. He also eventually came up with the idea of using more powerful shaped charges and less fissionable material to greatly increase the speed of "assembly".

Question: What was Fat Man?
Answer: atomic bomb

Question: What was at the centre of the atomic bomb?
Answer: plutonium

Question: What was the real name for what fell on Nagasaki?
Answer: the atomic bomb

Question: What did von Neumann's design do?
Answer: compress the plutonium core

Question: What type of object was the atomic bomb?
Answer: weapon

Question: Who didn't believe in the implosion concept?
Answer: many of his colleagues

Question: How did Von Neumann's co-workers view implosion?
Answer: felt such a design to be unworkable

Question: What did Von Neumann encourage?
Answer: the "implosion" concept

Question: Why did Von Neumann meet opposition for his ideas from peers.
Answer: While von Neumann did not originate the "implosion" concept, he was one of its most persistent proponents, encouraging its continued development against the instincts of many of his colleagues, who felt such a design to be unworkable. He

Question: What is this major contribution from the scientist?
Answer: explosive lenses

Question: What was Von Neumann's suggestion to those researching the atomic bomb?
Answer: the "implosion" concept
Transistor

There are two types of transistors, which have slight differences in how they are used in a circuit. A bipolar transistor has terminals labeled base, collector, and emitter. A small current at the base terminal (that is, flowing between the base and the emitter) can control or switch a much larger current between the collector and emitter terminals. For a field-effect transistor, the terminals are labeled gate, source, and drain, and a voltage at the gate can control a current between source and drain.

Question: What sort of electrical force occurs in a field-effect transistor?
Answer: voltage

Question: What is the article about?
Answer: transistors

Question: How does a bipolar transistor control current?
Answer: A small current at the base terminal (that is, flowing between the base and the emitter) can control or switch a much larger current between the collector and emitter terminals

Question: Where are terminals labeled?
Answer: gate, source, and drain

Question: "Field-effect" is a label used to describe a type of?
Answer: transistor

Question: One type of transistor described in the paragraph is the bipolar transistor; what is the other type?
Answer: field-effect transistor

Question: Which of the two requires a voltage for its process?
Answer: field-effect transistor

Question: Where does the current first go?
Answer: between the base and the emitter

Question: What is the basic premise of the paragraph?
Answer: two types of transistors

Question: What is necessary for the transistors to work?
Answer: A small current

Question: A collector terminal would NOT be found in which transistor?
Answer: field-effect

Question: Are bipolar transistors and field-effect transistor identical in how they are wired in a circuit?
Answer: have slight differences in how they are used in a circuit
Boston

The BRA subsequently reevaluated its approach to urban renewal in its future projects, including the construction of Government Center. In 1965, the first Community Health Center in the United States opened, the Columbia Point Health Center, in the Dorchester neighborhood. It mostly served the massive Columbia Point public housing complex adjoining it, which was built in 1953. The health center is still in operation and was rededicated in 1990 as the Geiger-Gibson Community Health Center. The Columbia Point complex itself was redeveloped and revitalized into a mixed-income community called Harbor Point Apartments from 1984 to 1990. By the 1970s, the city's economy boomed after 30 years of economic downturn. A large number of high rises were constructed in the Financial District and in Boston's Back Bay during this time period. This boom continued into the mid-1980s and later began again. Hospitals such as Massachusetts General Hospital, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, and Brigham and Women's Hospital lead the nation in medical innovation and patient care. Schools such as Boston College, Boston University, the Harvard Medical School, Northeastern University, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Berklee College of Music and Boston Conservatory attract students to the area. Nevertheless, the city experienced conflict starting in 1974 over desegregation busing, which resulted in unrest and violence around public schools throughout the mid-1970s.

Question: What might attract high school kids to Boston after they complete their senior year?
Answer: Boston College, Boston University, the Harvard Medical School, Northeastern University, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Berklee College of Music and Boston Conservatory

Question: Why might high school kids be interested in moving to the northeast after graduation?
Answer: Boston College, Boston University, the Harvard Medical School, Northeastern University, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Berklee College of Music and Boston Conservatory

Question: What might draw a high school student to Boston after they finish senior year?
Answer: Boston College, Boston University, the Harvard Medical School, Northeastern University, Wentworth Institute of Technology, Berklee College of Music and Boston Conservatory

Question: What brought students to the area?
Answer: Schools

Question: How was the nature of  Columbia Point public housing complex changed subsequently?
Answer: mixed-income community

Question: Where did the residents of the Columbia Point housing complex go for health services?
Answer: the Columbia Point Health Center
Boston

Boston has been called the "Athens of America" for its literary culture, earning a reputation as "the intellectual capital of the United States." In the nineteenth century, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, Nathaniel Hawthorne, Margaret Fuller, James Russell Lowell, and Henry Wadsworth Longfellow wrote in Boston. Some consider the Old Corner Bookstore, where these writers met and where The Atlantic Monthly was first published, to be "cradle of American literature. In 1852, the Boston Public Library was founded as the first free library in the United States. Boston's literary culture continues today thanks to the city's many universities and the Boston Book Festival.

Question: what is the last nation mentioned?
Answer: United States

Question: what area is mentioned last?
Answer: Boston

Question: what is the second city mentioned?
Answer: Athens

Question: what is the first area mentioned?
Answer: Boston

Question: what type of object is the last event based around?
Answer: Book

Question: what is the city known as?
Answer: the intellectual capital of the United States

Question: what area is mentioned first?
Answer: Boston

Question: what area is mentioned third?
Answer: America

Question: what was the last word in the passage?
Answer: Festival

Question: athens is mentioned in line with?
Answer: America

Question: what area is mentioned second?
Answer: Athens

Question: what era is mentioned first?
Answer: the nineteenth century

Question: what academic institution was attached with the middle 18s?
Answer: Boston Public Library

Question: what is the first nation mentioned?
Answer: America