UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
United_States_dollar

Currently printed denominations are $1, $2, $5, $10, $20, $50, and $100. Notes above the $100 denomination stopped being printed in 1946 and were officially withdrawn from circulation in 1969. These notes were used primarily in inter-bank transactions or by organized crime; it was the latter usage that prompted President Richard Nixon to issue an executive order in 1969 halting their use. With the advent of electronic banking, they became less necessary. Notes in denominations of $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000 were all produced at one time; see large denomination bills in U.S. currency for details. These notes are now collectors' items and are worth more than their face value to collectors.

Question: When were large bills introduced?
Answer: 1946

Question: What bill are no longer in use?
Answer: $500, $1,000, $5,000, $10,000 and $100,000

Question: What stopped the use of larger denominations?
Answer: executive order

Question: Who got rid of large bills?
Answer: Richard Nixon

Question: What is the median printed denomination?
Answer: $10

Question: What was the largest printed denomination?
Answer: $100,000

Question: What is the smallest amount of money available?
Answer: $1

Question: Nixon tried to crack down on?
Answer: crime

Question: A number like 1 or 100 is a what for a bill?
Answer: denomination

Question: What is the second largest printed denomination?
Answer: 50

Question: A $10,000 bill is actually?
Answer: worth more

Question: When did the creation of larger denominations halt?
Answer: 1946

Question: What is the median of the bills currently used?
Answer: 10
United_States_dollar

The Gold Standard Act of 1900 abandoned the bimetallic standard and defined the dollar as 23.22 grains (1.505 g) of gold, equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67. Silver coins continued to be issued for circulation until 1964, when all silver was removed from dimes and quarters, and the half dollar was reduced to 40% silver. Silver half dollars were last issued for circulation in 1970. Gold coins were confiscated by Executive Order 6102 issued in 1933 by Franklin Roosevelt. The gold standard was changed to 13.71 grains (0.888 g), equivalent to setting the price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $35. This standard persisted until 1968.

Question: When was the half dollar last issued by the government?
Answer: 1970

Question: How much was the gold standard worth in 1965?
Answer: $35

Question: In what form did the silver content change the least after 1964?
Answer: Silver half dollars

Question: In what measure is gold weighed for figuring out the price?
Answer: troy ounce

Question: What is the relationship of 23.22 grains of gold, and the setting price of 1 troy ounce of gold at $20.67?
Answer: equivalent

Question: By the last change to the Gold Standard act, what was the price of an ounce of gold?
Answer: $35

Question: In what year was the last change to the Gold Standard Act?
Answer: 1968

Question: A single troy ounce of gold was equal to how many grains in 1965?
Answer: 13.71

Question: What saw silver eliminated from it?
Answer: dimes and quarters

Question: What fate did the bimetallic standard have?
Answer: abandoned

Question: What saw its silver content decreased but not eliminated?
Answer: half dollar
United_States_dollar

The value of the U.S. dollar was therefore no longer anchored to gold, and it fell upon the Federal Reserve to maintain the value of the U.S. currency. The Federal Reserve, however, continued to increase the money supply, resulting in stagflation and a rapidly declining value of the U.S. dollar in the 1970s. This was largely due to the prevailing economic view at the time that inflation and real economic growth were linked (the Phillips curve), and so inflation was regarded as relatively benign. Between 1965 and 1981, the U.S. dollar lost two thirds of its value.

Question: What conclusion was drawn by the Phillips curve?
Answer: inflation was regarded as relatively benign

Question: When did the U.S. dollar depreciate much of its value?
Answer: Between 1965 and 1981

Question: What did the Federal Reserve have to do once gold was out of the picture?
Answer: maintain the value of the U.S. currency

Question: What replaced gold?
Answer: Federal Reserve

Question: What area did the Phillips curve cover?
Answer: economic

Question: What economic phenomenon occurred in 1970s?
Answer: stagflation

Question: Inflation resulted in what happening to American currency?
Answer: lost two thirds of its value

Question: Why did the Federal Reserve pump money into the economy?
Answer: the prevailing economic view at the time that inflation and real economic growth were linked (the Phillips curve)
Electric_motor

The first commutator DC electric motor capable of turning machinery was invented by the British scientist William Sturgeon in 1832. Following Sturgeon's work, a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use was built by the American inventor Thomas Davenport, which he patented in 1837. The motors ran at up to 600 revolutions per minute, and powered machine tools and a printing press. Due to the high cost of primary battery power, the motors were commercially unsuccessful and Davenport went bankrupt. Several inventors followed Sturgeon in the development of DC motors but all encountered the same battery power cost issues. No electricity distribution had been developed at the time. Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors.

Question: How did the motors being expensive reflect on the American inventor?
Answer: Davenport went bankrupt

Question: Which happened later, Sturgeon invented the first commutator electric motor or Davenport went bankrupt?
Answer: Davenport went bankrupt

Question: When did Davenport build his motor?
Answer: Following Sturgeon's work

Question: What is another way to say direct current?
Answer: DC

Question: Why were Sturgeon and the other DC motor inventors unsuccessful?
Answer: there was no practical commercial market for these motors

Question: Which of the following was not powered by Davenport's motors: machine tools, inventors or a printing press?
Answer: inventors

Question: What was common between the inventors?
Answer: Like Sturgeon's motor, there was no practical commercial market for these motors

Question: What is another name for DC motors?
Answer: commutator-type direct-current electric motor

Question: How was a printing press powered?
Answer: motors

Question: What was patented in 1837?
Answer: a commutator-type direct-current electric motor made with the intention of commercial use

Question: Which machinist did NOT go bankrupt?
Answer: Sturgeon
Electric_motor

Stepper motors are a type of motor frequently used when precise rotations are required. In a stepper motor an internal rotor containing PMs or a magnetically soft rotor with salient poles is controlled by a set of external magnets that are switched electronically. A stepper motor may also be thought of as a cross between a DC electric motor and a rotary solenoid. As each coil is energized in turn, the rotor aligns itself with the magnetic field produced by the energized field winding. Unlike a synchronous motor, in its application, the stepper motor may not rotate continuously; instead, it "steps"—starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence. Depending on the sequence, the rotor may turn forwards or backwards, and it may change direction, stop, speed up or slow down arbitrarily at any time.

Question: stepper motors contains?
Answer: an internal rotor

Question: What may rotate continuously?
Answer: synchronous motor

Question: what is the fourth word in the first paragraph?
Answer: a

Question: How does the step operation function?
Answer: starts and then quickly stops again—from one position to the next as field windings are energized and de-energized in sequence

Question: what is the third word in the first paragraph ?
Answer: are

Question: The motor frequently used when precise rotations are required doesn't always?
Answer: rotate continuously

Question: What works outside the motor with poles?
Answer: magnets

Question: The motor frequently used when precise rotations are required is not a?
Answer: synchronous motor

Question: The motor frequently used when precise rotations are required can turn?
Answer: forwards or backwards

Question: what is the last word in the paragraph?
Answer: time
Electric_motor

Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts. Universal motors also formed the basis of the traditional railway traction motor in electric railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used.

Question: What is opposite of cooling?
Answer: heating

Question: How is the DC power different?
Answer: particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used

Question: What is opposite of something that is out of the ordinary?
Answer: normal

Question: Other than AC, what type of power can a motor run on?
Answer: DC

Question: What is key in universal motors?
Answer: universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts

Question: When do universal motors operate on 1000 watts or less?
Answer: at normal power line frequencies

Question: What is the difference in motors?
Answer: the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses

Question: What is opposite of often?
Answer: rarely

Question: How are the motors used?
Answer: railways. In this application, the use of AC to power a motor originally designed to run on DC would lead to efficiency losses due to eddy current heating of their magnetic components, particularly the motor field pole-pieces that, for DC, would have used solid (un-laminated) iron and they are now rarely used

Question: Why would someone prefer to operate a DC motor using DC power?
Answer: efficiency losses

Question: What is the difference in operational power?
Answer: Operating at normal power line frequencies, universal motors are often found in a range less than 1000 watts

Question: What can cause negative outcomes when operating a DC motor on AC current?
Answer: eddy current heating of their magnetic components

Question: Why might someone not want to power a DC motor using AC current?
Answer: efficiency losses
Electric_motor

Finally, hysteresis synchronous motors typically are (essentially) two-phase motors with a phase-shifting capacitor for one phase. They start like induction motors, but when slip rate decreases sufficiently, the rotor (a smooth cylinder) becomes temporarily magnetized. Its distributed poles make it act like a PMSM. The rotor material, like that of a common nail, will stay magnetized, but can also be demagnetized with little difficulty. Once running, the rotor poles stay in place; they do not drift.

Question: What happens to the material in a rotor?
Answer: will stay magnetized

Question: How many phases do Hysteresis synchronous motors have?
Answer: two-phase

Question: What type of motor does not involve the rotor becoming magnetized?
Answer: induction

Question: How many phases of a hysteresis synchronous motor do not use a phase-shifting capacitor?
Answer: one

Question: What is the capacitor used for?
Answer: phase-shifting

Question: What is the smooth cylinder in the motor?
Answer: the rotor

Question: What acts like a PMSM?
Answer: rotor

Question: How long does the rotor remain magnetized?
Answer: temporarily

Question: What are some of the parts of the rotor?
Answer: distributed poles

Question: What causes the rotor poles to stay in place?
Answer: slip rate decreases sufficiently

Question: How does the rotor become temporarily magnetized?
Answer: slip rate decreases

Question: What happens to the rotor poles once the motor is running?
Answer: do not drift
Electric_motor

Stepper motors were and still are often used in computer printers, optical scanners, and digital photocopiers to move the optical scanning element, the print head carriage (of dot matrix and inkjet printers), and the platen or feed rollers. Likewise, many computer plotters (which since the early 1990s have been replaced with large-format inkjet and laser printers) used rotary stepper motors for pen and platen movement; the typical alternatives here were either linear stepper motors or servomotors with closed-loop analog control systems.

Question: Which of the following is not a device that uses stepper motors: computer printers, digital photocopiers, or servomotors?
Answer: servomotors

Question: inkjet printers replaced what in the 1990s?
Answer: plotters

Question: Which came first, computer plotters, inkjet printers or laser printers?
Answer: computer plotters

Question: Which of the following is not an alternative to rotary stepper motors: linear stepper motors, servomotors, or optical scanners?
Answer: optical scanners

Question: Stepper motors move what?
Answer: platen

Question: servomotors is a?
Answer: typical alternatives

Question: closed loop analog control system could be attached with?
Answer: servomotors

Question: stepper is attached to?
Answer: computer printers, optical scanners, and digital photocopiers

Question: stepper motors is a feature used?
Answer: to move the optical scanning element, the print head carriage (of dot matrix and inkjet printers), and the platen or feed rollers
Electric_motor

In 1827, Hungarian physicist Ányos Jedlik started experimenting with electromagnetic coils. After Jedlik solved the technical problems of the continuous rotation with the invention of the commutator, he called his early devices "electromagnetic self-rotors". Although they were used only for instructional purposes, in 1828 Jedlik demonstrated the first device to contain the three main components of practical DC motors: the stator, rotor and commutator. The device employed no permanent magnets, as the magnetic fields of both the stationary and revolving components were produced solely by the currents flowing through their windings.

Question: What wasn't always the same way?
Answer: magnets

Question: The person who started experimenting with electromagnetic coils's first name is?
Answer: Ányos

Question: The person who started experimenting with electromagnetic coils is a?
Answer: physicist

Question: What worked together for magnetism to be created?
Answer: stationary and revolving components

Question: What was an early accomplishment of Jedlik?
Answer: solved the technical problems of the continuous rotation

Question: What was Anyos Ledlik's surname?
Answer: Jedlik

Question: A cordless drill is an example of?
Answer: DC motors

Question: Which did Jedlik do first: experimenting with electromagnetic coils or demonstating the stator, rotor and commutator?
Answer: experimenting with electromagnetic coils

Question: Where did the development of electric motors begin?
Answer: electromagnetic coils

Question: In general, what is the article about?
Answer: Ányos Jedlik

Question: The components that did not move remained what?
Answer: stationary

Question: What led to creation of the electromagnetic self-rotors?
Answer: Ányos Jedlik started experimenting with electromagnetic coils

Question: What allowed rotation within Jedlik's prototypes?
Answer: currents flowing through their windings

Question: What were meant to be models?
Answer: the three main components

Question: The person who started experimenting with electromagnetic coils is ethnically?
Answer: Hungarian
Electric_motor

A servo system differs from some stepper motor applications in that the position feedback is continuous while the motor is running; a stepper system relies on the motor not to "miss steps" for short term accuracy, although a stepper system may include a "home" switch or other element to provide long-term stability of control. For instance, when a typical dot matrix computer printer starts up, its controller makes the print head stepper motor drive to its left-hand limit, where a position sensor defines home position and stops stepping. As long as power is on, a bidirectional counter in the printer's microprocessor keeps track of print-head position.

Question: How does this work in practice?
Answer: As long as power is on, a bidirectional counter in the printer's microprocessor keeps track of print-head position

Question: What is the difference between a servo and a stepper system?
Answer: a stepper system relies on the motor not to "miss steps" for short term accuracy

Question: What is a servo system first compared to?
Answer: some stepper motor applications

Question: What makes the system function?
Answer: its controller makes the print head stepper motor drive to its left-hand limit

Question: What is a key component of the stepper system?
Answer: a stepper system may include a "home" switch or other element to provide long-term stability of control

Question: What is shown on the printer?
Answer: the printer's microprocessor keeps track of print-head position

Question: What does the extra piece that is attached offer?
Answer: long-term stability of control

Question: What benefit does the first mentioned system have over others?
Answer: feedback is continuous while the motor is running
Electric_motor

A PM motor does not have a field winding on the stator frame, instead relying on PMs to provide the magnetic field against which the rotor field interacts to produce torque. Compensating windings in series with the armature may be used on large motors to improve commutation under load. Because this field is fixed, it cannot be adjusted for speed control. PM fields (stators) are convenient in miniature motors to eliminate the power consumption of the field winding. Most larger DC motors are of the "dynamo" type, which have stator windings. Historically, PMs could not be made to retain high flux if they were disassembled; field windings were more practical to obtain the needed amount of flux. However, large PMs are costly, as well as dangerous and difficult to assemble; this favors wound fields for large machines.

Question: What is the ideal source of power?
Answer: wound fields for large machines

Question: What generates torque?
Answer: PM motor

Question: Which of the following is not a type of winding: stator, DC, or field?
Answer: DC

Question: Which of the following is not a type of field: fixed, practical or magnetic?
Answer: practical

Question: How is a PM motor different from other motors?
Answer: instead relying on PMs to provide the magnetic field against which the rotor field interacts to produce torque

Question: What was the downside to big machines?
Answer: costly, as well as dangerous and difficult to assemble

Question: What needs to be accounted for?
Answer: this field is fixed

Question: What category would the bigger DC motors fall into?
Answer: larger DC motors

Question: What is an issue with the field?
Answer: it cannot be adjusted for speed control

Question: What was an issue?
Answer: Historically, PMs could not be made to retain high flux if they were disassembled; field windings were more practical to obtain the needed amount of flux

Question: Why couldn't they change the speed of the magnetic field?
Answer: field is fixed

Question: Which of the following is not a drawback of large PMs: expensive, power consumption or dangerous?
Answer: power consumption

Question: What does the rotor field communicate with?
Answer: magnetic field
Labour_Party_(UK)

In the 2010 general election on 6 May that year, Labour with 29.0% of the vote won the second largest number of seats (258). The Conservatives with 36.5% of the vote won the largest number of seats (307), but no party had an overall majority, meaning that Labour could still remain in power if they managed to form a coalition with at least one smaller party. However, the Labour Party would have had to form a coalition with more than one other smaller party to gain an overall majority; anything less would result in a minority government. On 10 May 2010, after talks to form a coalition with the Liberal Democrats broke down, Brown announced his intention to stand down as Leader before the Labour Party Conference but a day later resigned as both Prime Minister and party leader.

Question: Who had the lower number of seats after the 2010 general election, Labour or The Conservatives?
Answer: Labour

Question: Brown was not the head of which party that was also uninterested in an alliance, Labour, Liberal Democrats, or Conservatives?
Answer: The Conservatives

Question: An alliance between Labour and what specific party was needed for Labour to maintain power?
Answer: Liberal Democrats

Question: Who had the higher number of votes between Labour and The Conservatives after the 2010 election?
Answer: The Conservatives

Question: Who won a smaller percent of the vote, Labour or the Conservatives?
Answer: Labour

Question: Which of the following did not consider forming a coalition: the Conservatives, the Liberal Democrats, or Labour?
Answer: Conservatives

Question: What was the most seats won by any party?
Answer: 307
Labour_Party_(UK)

In their first meeting after the election the group's Members of Parliament decided to adopt the name "The Labour Party" formally (15 February 1906). Keir Hardie, who had taken a leading role in getting the party established, was elected as Chairman of the Parliamentary Labour Party (in effect, the Leader), although only by one vote over David Shackleton after several ballots. In the party's early years the Independent Labour Party (ILP) provided much of its activist base as the party did not have individual membership until 1918 but operated as a conglomerate of affiliated bodies. The Fabian Society provided much of the intellectual stimulus for the party. One of the first acts of the new Liberal Government was to reverse the Taff Vale judgement.

Question: what name start with D?
Answer: David

Question: What would have changed the outcome of the election?
Answer: one vote

Question: What changed identity?
Answer: Members of Parliament

Question: what is attached with 1906?
Answer: The Labour Party

Question: What part of the government is the labour party a part of?
Answer: Parliament

Question: what name start with K?
Answer: Keir

Question: What is another name for labour party?
Answer: Liberal

Question: How did Keir Hardie win?
Answer: one vote over David Shackleton after several ballots

Question: Keir Hardie had what easiest to explain role?
Answer: in effect, the Leader

Question: what sentence is in quotation?
Answer: "The Labour Party"

Question: Much of the ILP's activist base did what until much later?
Answer: operated as a conglomerate of affiliated bodies

Question: The Labour Party name was adopted in what way?
Answer: formally

Question: What was another name for the head of the party?
Answer: Chairman