UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Alps

High levels of precipitation cause the glaciers to descend to permafrost levels in some areas whereas in other, more arid regions, glaciers remain above about the 3,500 m (11,483 ft) level. The 1,817 square kilometres (702 sq mi) of the Alps covered by glaciers in 1876 had shrunk to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi) by 1973, resulting in decreased river run-off levels. Forty percent of the glaciation in Austria has disappeared since 1850, and 30% of that in Switzerland.

Question: How many sq kl are equal to 702 square miles?
Answer: 1,817

Question: Where has lost 1/3 of it's glaciation?
Answer: Switzerland

Question: How many square kilometers of the Alps were covered by glaciers in the year that comes two years after 1874?
Answer: 1,817

Question: Which year was there more river run off from the Alps, 1876 or 1973?
Answer: 1876

Question: What has decreased by roughly 1/3?
Answer: glaciation

Question: Were more square miles of the Alps covered by glaciers in 1876 or 1973?
Answer: 1876

Question: What has happened in a period spanning about 100 years?
Answer: The 1,817 square kilometres (702 sq mi) of the Alps covered by glaciers in 1876 had shrunk to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi) by 1973

Question: Did the Alps have more covered by glaciers in 1876 or 1973?
Answer: 1876

Question: What has been lost over almost 2 centuries?
Answer: glaciation

Question: What caused the decreased river run offs?
Answer: The 1,817 square kilometres (702 sq mi) of the Alps covered by glaciers in 1876 had shrunk to 1,342 km2 (518 sq mi)

Question: Were more square kilometers of the Alps covered by glaciers in 1876 or 1973?
Answer: 1876

Question: How many square miles of the Alps were covered by glaciers in the year that comes two years after 1874?
Answer: 702

Question: Which location has had less glaciation disappeared since 1850, Austria or Switzerland?
Answer: Switzerland
Alps

During the Second Punic War in 218 BC, the Carthaginian general Hannibal probably crossed the Alps with an army numbering 38,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry, and 37 war elephants. This was one of the most celebrated achievements of any military force in ancient warfare, although no evidence exists of the actual crossing or the place of crossing. The Romans, however, had built roads along the mountain passes, which continued to be used through the medieval period to cross the mountains and Roman road markers can still be found on the mountain passes.

Question: what was the first range mentioned?
Answer: Alps

Question: what did hannibal take with him over the first mountains mentioned?
Answer: army

Question: What fact makes the idea of the movement possible?
Answer: The Romans, however, had built roads along the mountain passes

Question: what was lacking to prove transport?
Answer: evidence

Question: Who allegedly crossed the Alps?
Answer: Carthaginian general Hannibal probably crossed the Alps with an army numbering 38,000 infantry, 8,000 cavalry, and 37 war elephants

Question: Did Hannibal have more cavalry or war elephants in his army?
Answer: cavalry

Question: Did Hannibal have more infantry or war elephants in his army?
Answer: infantry

Question: Which of the following were not in Hannibal's army: infantry, cavalry, or mountains?
Answer: mountains

Question: Did Hannibal have a greater number of infantry or cavalry in his army?
Answer: infantry

Question: what was the likelihood that hannibal crossed the Alps in 218?
Answer: probably

Question: How could you say the troops crossed through the Alps with some degree of certainty?
Answer: roads along the mountain passes, which continued to be used through the medieval period to cross the mountains and Roman road markers can still be found on the mountain passes

Question: Which of the following were not present in Hannibal's army: cavalry, war elephants, or roads?
Answer: roads

Question: The one who crossed the Alps with an army with 38,000 infantry's culture was fighting the?
Answer: Second Punic War

Question: what group traveled with hannibal on foot over the first range mentioned?
Answer: infantry

Question: What is assumed but not certain?
Answer: the actual crossing or the place of crossing
Alps

During the post-World War I period ski-lifts were built in Swiss and Austrian towns to accommodate winter visitors, but summer tourism continued to be important; by the mid-20th century the popularity of downhill skiing increased greatly as it became more accessible and in the 1970s several new villages were built in France devoted almost exclusively to skiing, such as Les Menuires. Until this point Austria and Switzerland had been the traditional and more popular destinations for winter sports, but by the end of the 20th century and into the early 21st century, France, Italy and the Tyrol began to see increases in winter visitors. From 1980 to the present, ski-lifts have been modernized and snow-making machines installed at many resorts, leading to concerns regarding the loss of traditional Alpine culture and questions regarding sustainable development as the winter ski industry continues to develop quickly and the number of summer tourists decline.

Question: What are the popular places for winter sports?
Answer: France, Italy and the Tyrol

Question: What was done to provide places to ski?
Answer: new villages were built

Question: People like to ski in what way?
Answer: downhill

Question: Why would people be worried about snow making machines?
Answer: sustainable development

Question: What has been happening to ski-lifts for the past 40 years?
Answer: been modernized

Question: What places drew tourists away from Switzerland and Austria?
Answer: France, Italy and the Tyrol

Question: When did the era of skiing start?
Answer: post-World War I period

Question: Austrian and Swiss towns weren't just popular in cold weather, but also the?
Answer: summer

Question: What is declining and raising concern?
Answer: traditional Alpine culture

Question: Until when has the ski industry continued to develop?
Answer: the present
Alps

Much of the Alpine culture is unchanged since the medieval period when skills that guaranteed survival in the mountain valleys and in the highest villages became mainstays, leading to strong traditions of carpentry, woodcarving, baking and pastry-making, and cheesemaking.

Question: Survival formed the bases for the skills of what?
Answer: Alpine culture

Question: What has happened to the Alpine?
Answer: unchanged

Question: What are the crafts in this culture leading up to?
Answer: guaranteed survival

Question: What strong tradition involved carving wood?
Answer: woodcarving

Question: The skills assured that what wouldn't change in the period?
Answer: Alpine culture

Question: The culture of this period is what?
Answer: Alpine

Question: Carpentry and cheese-making are what kind of skills in the Alpine regions because they helped assure safety?
Answer: mainstays

Question: Traditions came from which location of the cultural period?
Answer: the mountain valleys and in the highest villages

Question: The culture has done what since?
Answer: unchanged

Question: What has been unchanged in the mainstays?
Answer: Alpine culture

Question: What can be a reason for their traditions?
Answer: mountain valleys and in the highest villages became mainstays

Question: what skills became traditions?
Answer: carpentry, woodcarving, baking and pastry-making, and cheesemaking

Question: The traditions described would be called what?
Answer: strong

Question: what kind of traditions that became mainstays involved cheese?
Answer: cheesemaking

Question: what did the skills becoming mainstays lead to?
Answer: strong traditions
Alps

The core regions of the Alpine orogenic belt have been folded and fractured in such a manner that erosion created the characteristic steep vertical peaks of the Swiss Alps that rise seemingly straight out of the foreland areas. Peaks such as Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and high peaks in the Pennine Alps, the Briançonnais, and Hohe Tauern consist of layers of rock from the various orogenies including exposures of basement rock.

Question: What is the foundation of the Matterhorn?
Answer: basement rock

Question: How are peaks in mountains formed?
Answer: erosion

Question: What phenomenon sounds virtually not possible of happening?
Answer: Swiss Alps that rise seemingly straight out of the foreland areas

Question: What is the shape that happens as a result of the bending and breaking?
Answer: steep vertical peaks

Question: What is a famous feature on the Alpine orogenic belt?
Answer: Swiss Alps

Question: Where is the Swiss Alps located?
Answer: Alpine orogenic belt

Question: Through what process is a mountain range formed?
Answer: orogenies

Question: What is a result of converging tectonic plates?
Answer: Alpine orogenic belt have been folded

Question: Where might you find some crystal-like formations?
Answer: Mont Blanc, the Matterhorn, and high peaks in the Pennine Alps, the Briançonnais, and Hohe Tauern

Question: What shares characteristics in high places with the Pennine Alps and Hohe Tauern?
Answer: the Briançonnais

Question: What is a type of stone in the layers?
Answer: basement

Question: What odd visual result comes from the alterations?
Answer: rise seemingly straight out of the foreland areas

Question: What has been done to cause the thing that caused specific alterations?
Answer: folded and fractured
Alps

The Alps provide lowland Europe with drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power. Although the area is only about 11 percent of the surface area of Europe, the Alps provide up to 90 percent of water to lowland Europe, particularly to arid areas and during the summer months. Cities such as Milan depend on 80 percent of water from Alpine runoff. Water from the rivers is used in over 500 hydroelectricity power plants, generating as much as 2900 kilowatts of electricity.

Question: How is the water used?
Answer: drinking water, irrigation, and hydroelectric power

Question: What powers the electricity?
Answer: 500 hydroelectricity power plants

Question: What energy source do the Alps do for parts of Europe?
Answer: hydroelectric power

Question: __ has been a central part of agriculture for 5000 years.
Answer: irrigation

Question: Qanats are the oldest known __ method.
Answer: irrigation

Question: __ was used in the US as early as 1200 BCE
Answer: irrigation

Question: What coverts water into electricity for europeans?
Answer: 500 hydroelectricity power plants
Alps

Jean-Jacques Rousseau was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty, banishing the prevalent conception of the mountains as a hellish wasteland inhabited by demons. Rousseau's conception of alpine purity was later emphasized with the publication of Albrecht von Haller's poem Die Alpen that described the mountains as an area of mythical purity. Late in the 18th century the first wave of Romantics such as Goethe and Turner came to admire the scenery; Wordsworth visited the area in 1790, writing of his experiences in The Prelude. Schiller later wrote the play William Tell romanticising Swiss independence. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Alpine countries began to see an influx of poets, artists, and musicians, as visitors came to experience the sublime effects of monumental nature.

Question: What beautiful Swiss landmark was witten about in the poem Die Alpen?
Answer: the Alps

Question: What was the theme of The Prelude?
Answer: the Alps

Question: What instigated all this change of heart toward the mountains?
Answer: Jean-Jacques Rousseau was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty, banishing the prevalent conception of the mountains as a hellish wasteland inhabited by demons

Question: Why might have Jacques felt supported and justified in his opinions?
Answer: with the publication of Albrecht von Haller's poem Die Alpen

Question: Where might you have heard that the mountains were of a fantastical cleanliness?
Answer: Die Alpen

Question: Who enforced the idea that the alps is a place of allure and beauty?
Answer: Albrecht von Haller

Question: Who was the hero of Schiller's play William Tell?
Answer: William Tell

Question: How did Jean-Jacques defy conventions?
Answer: was the first of many to present the Alps as a place of allure and beauty

Question: What was Die Alpen?
Answer: poem

Question: What did people think of the Alps after Rousseau?
Answer: a place of allure and beauty

Question: How were the alps presented by most?
Answer: hellish wasteland

Question: What happened in the area as a result of the declarations by Rousseau?
Answer: Romantics such as Goethe and Turner came to admire the scenery; Wordsworth visited the area in 1790, writing of his experiences in The Prelude. Schiller later wrote the play William Tell romanticising Swiss independence. After the end of the Napoleonic Wars, the Alpine countries began to see an influx of poets, artists, and musicians, as visitors came to experience the sublime effects of monumental nature
Alps

Ski troops were trained for the war, and battles were waged in mountainous areas such as the battle at Riva Ridge in Italy, where the American 10th Mountain Division encountered heavy resistance in February 1945. At the end of the war, a substantial amount of Nazi plunder was found stored in Austria, where Hitler had hoped to retreat as the war drew to a close. The salt mines surrounding the Altaussee area, where American troops found 75 kilos of gold coins stored in a single mine, were used to store looted art, jewels, and currency; vast quantities of looted art were found and returned to the owners.

Question: What area did they put the stolen items?
Answer: Altaussee

Question: Why did someone store stolen items in the salt mines?
Answer: Hitler had hoped to retreat as the war drew to a close

Question: Who stole the items that were recovered in the salt mines?
Answer: Nazi
Alps

In 1816 Byron, Percy Bysshe Shelley and his wife Mary Shelley visited Geneva and all three were inspired by the scenery in their writings. During these visits Shelley wrote the poem "Mont Blanc", Byron wrote "The Prisoner of Chillon" and the dramatic poem Manfred, and Mary Shelley, who found the scenery overwhelming, conceived the idea for the novel Frankenstein in her villa on the shores of Lake Geneva in the midst of a thunderstorm. When Coleridge travelled to Chamonix, he declaimed, in defiance of Shelley, who had signed himself "Atheos" in the guestbook of the Hotel de Londres near Montenvers, "Who would be, who could be an atheist in this valley of wonders". By the mid-19th century scientists began to arrive en masse to study the geology and ecology of the region.

Question: What did Mary write in Geneva?
Answer: Frankenstein

Question: What calssic filmed was inspired by a visit in Geneva
Answer: Frankenstein

Question: How did Coleridge see the trip to Geneva as different from Shelley?
Answer: who could be an atheist in this valley of wonders

Question: What did Percy write in Geneva?
Answer: Mont Blanc

Question: What poetical literary work was devised from scenery in Geneva
Answer: Mont Blanc

Question: Who traveled with Percy and Mary Shelley?
Answer: Byron

Question: When was the idea of frankenstein devised
Answer: villa on the shores of Lake Geneva in the midst of a thunderstorm

Question: What did Byron write other than The Prisoner of Chillon?
Answer: Manfred

Question: Which of the following did scientists not study: the geology of the region, the scenery of the region or the ecology of the region?
Answer: scenery

Question: Which of the following is not a poem: Mont Blanc, Manfred, or Chamonix?
Answer: Chamonix

Question: Which poet was less religious, Coleridge or Shelley?
Answer: Shelley

Question: What was happening when Mary Shelley thought of Frankenstein?
Answer: thunderstorm
Alps

The formation of the Alps (the Alpine orogeny) was an episodic process that began about 300 million years ago. In the Paleozoic Era the Pangaean supercontinent consisted of a single tectonic plate; it broke into separate plates during the Mesozoic Era and the Tethys sea developed between Laurasia and Gondwana during the Jurassic Period. The Tethys was later squeezed between colliding plates causing the formation of mountain ranges called the Alpide belt, from Gibraltar through the Himalayas to Indonesia—a process that began at the end of the Mesozoic and continues into the present. The formation of the Alps was a segment of this orogenic process, caused by the collision between the African and the Eurasian plates that began in the late Cretaceous Period.

Question: What formed the Alpide belt?
Answer: colliding plates

Question: What mountain range was formed?
Answer: Alps

Question: When was the Alps formed?
Answer: late Cretaceous Period

Question: What occured during the Jurrassic Period?
Answer: the Tethys sea developed

Question: What continents created the Alps?
Answer: African and the Eurasian

Question: The Alps were created by two what meeting?
Answer: plates

Question: What formation process formed the Alps?
Answer: collision between the African and the Eurasian plates

Question: The Alps are a?
Answer: mountain ranges
Alps

In the Miocene Epoch the mountains underwent severe erosion because of glaciation, which was noted in the mid-19th century by naturalist Louis Agassiz who presented a paper proclaiming the Alps were covered in ice at various intervals—a theory he formed when studying rocks near his Neuchâtel home which he believed originated to the west in the Bernese Oberland. Because of his work he came to be known as the "father of the ice-age concept" although other naturalists before him put forth similar ideas.

Question: Neuchatel is in the?
Answer: Alps

Question: When were the Alps covered in ice at various intervals?
Answer: Miocene Epoch

Question: How did Louis Agassiz distribute his work to the world?
Answer: presented a paper

Question: Who else had a theory about ice on the Alps?
Answer: other naturalists

Question: Who originally came up with the idea of the ice age?
Answer: other naturalists

Question: When did glaciation occur?
Answer: Miocene Epoch

Question: What was Louis Agassiz's theory about the ice covering the Alps?
Answer: various intervals

Question: Agassiz was not the first to come up with his what?
Answer: theory

Question: What happened to the Alps during the time of Louis Agassiz?
Answer: underwent severe erosion

Question: Glaciation took stuff away via?
Answer: erosion
Alps

The first British Mont Blanc ascent was in 1788; the first female ascent in 1819. By the mid-1850s Swiss mountaineers had ascended most of the peaks and were eagerly sought as mountain guides. Edward Whymper reached the top of the Matterhorn in 1865 (after seven attempts), and in 1938 the last of the six great north faces of the Alps was climbed with the first ascent of the Eiger Nordwand (north face of the Eiger).

Question: Which mountain could not have been conquered first?
Answer: the Eiger Nordwand

Question: What happened later, Edward Whymper reaching the top of the Matterhorn or the first ascent of the Eiger Nordwand?
Answer: first ascent of the Eiger Nordwand

Question: Which happened earlier, the first British Mont Blanc ascent or Edward Whymper reaching the top of the Matterhorn?
Answer: first British Mont Blanc ascent

Question: What happened earlier, the first female ascent or the first ascent of the Eiger Nordwand?
Answer: first female ascent

Question: What is another way to say north face?
Answer: Nordwand

Question: Which ascent came second?
Answer: the first female ascent

Question: Which happened earlier, the first female ascent or Edward Whymper reaching the top of the Matterhorn?
Answer: first female ascent

Question: What happened earlier, the first British Mont Blanc ascent or the first ascent of the Eiger Nordwand?
Answer: first British Mont Blanc ascent
Alps

Glaciers end in ice caves (the Rhone Glacier), by trailing into a lake or river, or by shedding snowmelt on a meadow. Sometimes a piece of glacier will detach or break resulting in flooding, property damage and loss of life. In the 17th century about 2500 people were killed by an avalanche in a village on the French-Italian border; in the 19th century 120 homes in a village near Zermatt were destroyed by an avalanche.

Question: Glaciers can cause what movement of geographical material?
Answer: avalanche

Question: What caused death and property damage in the two examples given at the end of the paragraph?
Answer: an avalanche

Question: what caused loss of life and property damage?
Answer: avalanche

Question: The people who died lived in a?
Answer: village

Question: what incident was common in the 1600s and 1800s?
Answer: avalanche

Question: In which of the centuries mentioned here died more people?
Answer: 17th

Question: What kind of settlements were the places damaged by an avalanche in the two examples mentioned?
Answer: village

Question: What is named Rhone?
Answer: Glacier

Question: What passed through the village that experienced a calamity in the 17th century?
Answer: the French-Italian border
Central_African_Republic

There are many missionary groups operating in the country, including Lutherans, Baptists, Catholics, Grace Brethren, and Jehovah's Witnesses. While these missionaries are predominantly from the United States, France, Italy, and Spain, many are also from Nigeria, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, and other African countries. Large numbers of missionaries left the country when fighting broke out between rebel and government forces in 2002–3, but many of them have now returned to continue their work.

Question: Where did the French missionaries return to?
Answer: the country

Question: Where are Americans acting as missionaries?
Answer: the country

Question: What caused migration?
Answer: fighting

Question: what is the second group mentioned?
Answer: Lutherans

Question: What authority had a mess to deal with in the country?
Answer: government

Question: Who came back home?
Answer: missionary groups

Question: what is the last group mentioned?
Answer: government forces

Question: What made the country sketchy to be in?
Answer: fighting

Question: What contributes some missionaries?
Answer: African countries

Question: what is the sixth group mentioned?
Answer: Jehovah's Witnesses

Question: what is the third group mentioned?
Answer: Baptists

Question: Where are the Spanish doing missionary work?
Answer: the country

Question: what are the first groups mentioned?
Answer: missionary groups
Central_African_Republic

In the aftermath of the failed coup, militias loyal to Patassé sought revenge against rebels in many neighborhoods of Bangui and incited unrest including the murder of many political opponents. Eventually, Patassé came to suspect that General François Bozizé was involved in another coup attempt against him, which led Bozizé to flee with loyal troops to Chad. In March 2003, Bozizé launched a surprise attack against Patassé, who was out of the country. Libyan troops and some 1,000 soldiers of Bemba's Congolese rebel organization failed to stop the rebels and Bozizé's forces succeeded in overthrowing Patassé.[citation needed]

Question: What was used to gain vengeance against some of the people who opposed the governing style of Patasse after they tried to get rid of him?
Answer: murder

Question: Which governing individual was attempted to be forcibly removed from his ruling position?
Answer: Patassé

Question: What were people from Bangui considered if they did not support the government of Patasse?
Answer: rebels

Question: What was the nationality of some of the people that tried to sought the coup if they weren't from Libya?
Answer: Congolese

Question: Who was Patasse's enemy?
Answer: François Bozizé

Question: Why did Patisse members incite unrest in Bangui
Answer: aftermath of the failed coup

Question: What preceeded the murder of many political opponents of Patasse?
Answer: failed coup

Question: What was the rank of the individual who went to Chad?
Answer: General

Question: Where was Patasse when Bozize successfully overthrew him?
Answer: out of the country