On_the_Origin_of_Species

The book was widely translated in Darwin's lifetime, but problems arose with translating concepts and metaphors, and some translations were biased by the translator's own agenda. Darwin distributed presentation copies in France and Germany, hoping that suitable applicants would come forward, as translators were expected to make their own arrangements with a local publisher. He welcomed the distinguished elderly naturalist and geologist Heinrich Georg Bronn, but the German translation published in 1860 imposed Bronn's own ideas, adding controversial themes that Darwin had deliberately omitted. Bronn translated "favoured races" as "perfected races", and added essays on issues including the origin of life, as well as a final chapter on religious implications partly inspired by Bronn's adherence to Naturphilosophie. In 1862, Bronn produced a second edition based on the third English edition and Darwin's suggested additions, but then died of a heart attack. Darwin corresponded closely with Julius Victor Carus, who published an improved translation in 1867. Darwin's attempts to find a translator in France fell through, and the translation by Clémence Royer published in 1862 added an introduction praising Darwin's ideas as an alternative to religious revelation and promoting ideas anticipating social Darwinism and eugenics, as well as numerous explanatory notes giving her own answers to doubts that Darwin expressed. Darwin corresponded with Royer about a second edition published in 1866 and a third in 1870, but he had difficulty getting her to remove her notes and was troubled by these editions. He remained unsatisfied until a translation by Edmond Barbier was published in 1876. A Dutch translation by Tiberius Cornelis Winkler was published in 1860. By 1864, additional translations had appeared in Italian and Russian. In Darwin's lifetime, Origin was published in Swedish in 1871, Danish in 1872, Polish in 1873, Hungarian in 1873–1874, Spanish in 1877 and Serbian in 1878. By 1977, it had appeared in an additional 18 languages.

Question: Was Origin published sooner in Spanish or Serbian?
Answer: Spanish

Question: Was Origin published sooner in Swedish or Italian?
Answer: Italian

Question: Of the two translations released in 1862, which translator was male?
Answer: Heinrich Georg Bronn

Question: Who was the second translator to work on a German version of Origins?
Answer: Julius Victor Carus

Question: In what language did Edmond Barbier translate the book?
Answer: France

Question: Was Origin published first in Polish or Danish?
Answer: Danish

Question: Who is mentioned that created an acceptable French translation?
Answer: Edmond Barbier

Question: In what language did Julius Victor Carus translate the book?
Answer: German

Question: Who translated the second German translation of Darwin's book?
Answer: Julius Victor Carus

Question: After the authors death, what added to the global availability of the book?
Answer: an additional 18 languages

Question: When was the third German translation released?
Answer: 1867

Question: Was Origin published in Spanish or Polish first?
Answer: Polish

Question: Who is mentioned that created a German translation acceptable to Darwin?
Answer: Julius Victor Carus

Question: Was Origin published later in Swedish or Danish?
Answer: Danish

Question: Of the two translators that included their own theories on aspects of religion in Origin's translations, which was female?
Answer: Clémence Royer