UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Alloy

Iron is usually found as iron ore on Earth, except for one deposit of native iron in Greenland, which was used by the Inuit people. Native copper, however, was found worldwide, along with silver, gold and platinum, which were also used to make tools, jewelry, and other objects since Neolithic times. Copper was the hardest of these metals, and the most widely distributed. It became one of the most important metals to the ancients. Eventually, humans learned to smelt metals such as copper and tin from ore, and, around 2500 BC, began alloying the two metals to form bronze, which is much harder than its ingredients. Tin was rare, however, being found mostly in Great Britain. In the Middle East, people began alloying copper with zinc to form brass. Ancient civilizations took into account the mixture and the various properties it produced, such as hardness, toughness and melting point, under various conditions of temperature and work hardening, developing much of the information contained in modern alloy phase diagrams. Arrowheads from the Chinese Qin dynasty (around 200 BC) were often constructed with a hard bronze-head, but a softer bronze-tang, combining the alloys to prevent both dulling and breaking during use.

Question: How long has jewelry been made from silver, gold, platinum, and copper?
Answer: since Neolithic times

Question: Eskimos used iron from where?
Answer: Greenland

Question: If you wanted to form the metal that is used for making musical instruments such as horns and bells, what would that be?
Answer: brass

Question: Bronze is the combination of what?
Answer: copper and tin

Question: What allows for different metals to be stronger than either of them are alone?
Answer: alloying

Question: Which native element is tougher to find?
Answer: iron

Question: What is the name for the process by which people take a metal ore and refine it?
Answer: smelt

Question: What is the word used to describe a metal that is found not as an ore?
Answer: native

Question: What metal that early humans smelted has only three letters in its name?
Answer: tin

Question: What is the body part of an arrowhead called?
Answer: tang

Question: In the world, there is a single location where you can find native what?
Answer: iron

Question: What property of a metal mixture has the letter R as the third letter?
Answer: hardness

Question: If you heat metals up to liquid state where you can combine them, what is this called?
Answer: smelt
Alloy

An alloy is a mixture of metals or a mixture of a metal and another element. Alloys are defined by metallic bonding character. An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions). Intermetallic compounds are alloys with a defined stoichiometry and crystal structure. Zintl phases are also sometimes considered alloys depending on bond types (see also: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle for information on classifying bonding in binary compounds).

Question: How could alloys be classified?
Answer: An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions

Question: What is an indicator used for showing different compounds in varying degrees of bonding?
Answer: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle

Question: How many phases can alloys have?
Answer: An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions)

Question: What compound  structure does not refer to a ratio?
Answer: crystal structure

Question: Which of the following is not a characteristic of intermetallic compounds: defined stoichiometry, bond types, or crystal structure?
Answer: bond types

Question: What are Zintl phases comparable to?
Answer: alloys

Question: How many types of alloys are there?
Answer: two

Question: How are alloy bonds classified?
Answer: Van Arkel-Ketelaar triangle

Question: What is one classification of alloy?
Answer: Intermetallic compounds

Question: Which of the following may not be an alloy: intermetallic compounds, Zintl phases, or a mixture of metals?
Answer: Zintl phases

Question: What classification is a Zintl phase determinate?
Answer: bond types

Question: How many solutions are needed at minimum to create an alloy?
Answer: single

Question: What is mixed with metal to create an alloy?
Answer: another element

Question: What can be composed of one phase or several combined?
Answer: An alloy

Question: What information lets one know if you must have only two or more than two components to create an alloy?
Answer: An alloy may be a solid solution of metal elements (a single phase) or a mixture of metallic phases (two or more solutions)

Question: Which of the following does NOT define alloys: metallic bonding character or mixture of metallic phases?
Answer: mixture of metallic phases
Glacier

Even at high latitudes, glacier formation is not inevitable. Areas of the Arctic, such as Banks Island, and the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica are considered polar deserts where glaciers cannot form because they receive little snowfall despite the bitter cold. Cold air, unlike warm air, is unable to transport much water vapor. Even during glacial periods of the Quaternary, Manchuria, lowland Siberia, and central and northern Alaska, though extraordinarily cold, had such light snowfall that glaciers could not form.

Question: What happens when a place is too cold, with little snowfall, and glaciers don't form?
Answer: Cold air, unlike warm air, is unable to transport much water vapor

Question: Glaciers don't exactly do what as usual when in high up places?
Answer: formation

Question: The light to no snowfall happened despite?
Answer: though extraordinarily cold

Question: What can hold water
Answer: warm air

Question: What air is unable to carry water vapor?
Answer: Cold

Question: What areas are mentioned in consideration of little to no snowfall?
Answer: Quaternary, Manchuria, lowland Siberia, and central and northern Alaska

Question: What areas is glacier formation not found?
Answer: polar deserts

Question: What can't hold water
Answer: Cold air

Question: What happened during glacial periods?
Answer: had such light snowfall that glaciers could not form

Question: What factor allows glaciers to form
Answer: snowfall

Question: What is Banks Islands regarded as?
Answer: polar deserts
Glacier

On Earth, 99% of glacial ice is contained within vast ice sheets in the polar regions, but glaciers may be found in mountain ranges on every continent except Australia, and on a few high-latitude oceanic islands. Between 35°N and 35°S, glaciers occur only in the Himalayas, Andes, Rocky Mountains, a few high mountains in East Africa, Mexico, New Guinea and on Zard Kuh in Iran. Glaciers cover about 10 percent of Earth's land surface. Continental glaciers cover nearly 13,000,000 km2 (5×10^6 sq mi) or about 98 percent of Antarctica's 13,200,000 km2 (5.1×10^6 sq mi), with an average thickness of 2,100 m (7,000 ft). Greenland and Patagonia also have huge expanses of continental glaciers.

Question: what is the last place mentioned
Answer: Patagonia

Question: What is the density of Antarctic glaciers?
Answer: 2,100 m (7,000 ft)

Question: Other than continents where can glaciers be found?
Answer: high-latitude oceanic islands

Question: Which continents contain glaciers?
Answer: every continent except Australia

Question: what is the first place mentioned?
Answer: Earth

Question: what is the last nature formation mentioned?
Answer: glaciers

Question: Where can you find a glacier if you weren't looking on one of the continents?
Answer: high-latitude oceanic islands

Question: Where won't you find any glaciers at all?
Answer: Australia

Question: how much of the surface of Antarctica contains glaciers in kilometers?
Answer: 13,000,000 km2

Question: what is the second type of natural formation mentioned?
Answer: vast ice sheets

Question: How much of the earthly lands do glaciers occupy?
Answer: about 10 percent

Question: what is the second to last place mentioned?
Answer: Greenland

Question: Where would you expect to find most glaciers on earth?
Answer: within vast ice sheets in the polar regions
Glacier

Glacial bodies larger than 50,000 km2 (19,000 sq mi) are called ice sheets or continental glaciers. Several kilometers deep, they obscure the underlying topography. Only nunataks protrude from their surfaces. The only extant ice sheets are the two that cover most of Antarctica and Greenland. They contain vast quantities of fresh water, enough that if both melted, global sea levels would rise by over 70 m (230 ft). Portions of an ice sheet or cap that extend into water are called ice shelves; they tend to be thin with limited slopes and reduced velocities. Narrow, fast-moving sections of an ice sheet are called ice streams. In Antarctica, many ice streams drain into large ice shelves. Some drain directly into the sea, often with an ice tongue, like Mertz Glacier.

Question: Ice sheets are?
Answer: Glacial bodies larger than 50,000 km2

Question: What is the  name for features that stick up out of the surface of a continental glacier?
Answer: nunataks

Question: how thick are ice sheets
Answer: Several kilometers deep

Question: Ice streams are found?
Answer: Antarctica

Question: It's important these glacial bodies not what from heat?
Answer: melted

Question: where is the largest ice sheet in the north
Answer: Greenland

Question: What is above the surface on continental glaciers?
Answer: nunataks

Question: what hides the ground
Answer: ice sheets or continental glaciers

Question: what is a ice shelve
Answer: Portions of an ice sheet or cap that extend into water

Question: If an ice cap protrudes out into the water in a way that's not too steep and not too fast-moving, what would that be called?
Answer: shelves

Question: The Mertz Glacier is different from ice shelves because it?
Answer: drain directly into the sea

Question: What do Greenland and Antarctica have that makes them unique from other places?
Answer: The only extant ice sheets
Glacier

The permanent snow cover necessary for glacier formation is affected by factors such as the degree of slope on the land, amount of snowfall and the winds. Glaciers can be found in all latitudes except from 20° to 27° north and south of the equator where the presence of the descending limb of the Hadley circulation lowers precipitation so much that with high insolation snow lines reach above 6,500 m (21,330 ft). Between 19˚N and 19˚S, however, precipitation is higher and the mountains above 5,000 m (16,400 ft) usually have permanent snow.

Question: What happens to precipitation at 25 degrees south of the equator?
Answer: lowers

Question: Snowfall contributes to the amount of what thing that creates glaciers?
Answer: snow cover

Question: What place of 0 latitude has no glaciers?
Answer: equator

Question: Wind can affect what part of a glacier's development?
Answer: formation

Question: Glaciers can't be formed without?
Answer: permanent snow cover

Question: Is there higher or lower precipitation between 20 degrees and 27 degrees north and south of the equator?
Answer: lowers

Question: Where can snow be found between 20 degrees and 27 degrees north and south of the equator?
Answer: above 6,500 m

Question: Where is permanent snow found between 19 degrees north and 19 degrees south of the equator?
Answer: above 5,000 m

Question: What non-weather pattern affects glacier formation?
Answer: degree of slope on the land

Question: Other than a 7 degree span north and south of the equator, which latitudes have glaciers?
Answer: all

Question: Where are glaciers not found?
Answer: from 20° to 27° north and south of the equator
Glacier

The top 50 m (160 ft) of a glacier are rigid because they are under low pressure. This upper section is known as the fracture zone and moves mostly as a single unit over the plastically flowing lower section. When a glacier moves through irregular terrain, cracks called crevasses develop in the fracture zone. Crevasses form due to differences in glacier velocity. If two rigid sections of a glacier move at different speeds and directions, shear forces cause them to break apart, opening a crevasse. Crevasses are seldom more than 46 m (150 ft) deep but in some cases can be 300 m (1,000 ft) or even deeper. Beneath this point, the plasticity of the ice is too great for cracks to form. Intersecting crevasses can create isolated peaks in the ice, called seracs.

Question: Ice won't form cracks when it has high?
Answer: plasticity

Question: What properties of the how the upper zone of a glacier moves contribute to a crack forming?
Answer: different speeds and directions

Question: where are the cracks formed
Answer: in the fracture zone

Question: What factor prevents crevasses?
Answer: plasticity

Question: why do cracks form in the glacier
Answer: differences in glacier velocity

Question: Low pressure results in ice which is?
Answer: rigid

Question: What are formed where crevasses meet?
Answer: seracs
Glacier

Tidewater glaciers are glaciers that terminate in the sea, including most glaciers flowing from Greenland, Antarctica, Baffin and Ellesmere Islands in Canada, Southeast Alaska, and the Northern and Southern Patagonian Ice Fields. As the ice reaches the sea, pieces break off, or calve, forming icebergs. Most tidewater glaciers calve above sea level, which often results in a tremendous impact as the iceberg strikes the water. Tidewater glaciers undergo centuries-long cycles of advance and retreat that are much less affected by the climate change than those of other glaciers.

Question: The alternate rising and falling of the sea gives name to what in this passage?
Answer: Tidewater glaciers

Question: What is that which  covers most of the earth's surface and surrounds its landmasses?
Answer: sea

Question: Which are more affected by climate change, tidewater glaciers or other glaciers?
Answer: other

Question: How do tidewater glaciers form?
Answer: As the ice reaches the sea, pieces break off

Question: Where do the Tidewater glaciers end up?
Answer: icebergs

Question: Which of the following is not the name of an island: Baffin, Patagonian or Ellesmere?
Answer: Patagonian

Question: Which of the following is not made of ice: icebergs, glaciers or the sea?
Answer: the sea

Question: What is the origin of icebergs?
Answer: Tidewater glaciers

Question: What is the only place mentioned here that include the name of a color?
Answer: Greenland

Question: Where can you find these category of glaciers?
Answer: above sea level

Question: Which is bigger, glaciers or icebergs?
Answer: glaciers
Cork_(city)

Cork was one of the most rail-oriented cities in Ireland, featuring eight stations at various times. The main route, still much the same today, is from Dublin Heuston. Originally terminating on the city's outskirts at Blackpool, the route now reaches the city centre terminus of Kent Station via Glanmire tunnel. Now a through station, the line through Kent connects the towns of Cobh and Midleton east of the city. This also connected to the seaside town of Youghal, until the 1980s.[citation needed]

Question: What is third mentioned location?
Answer: Dublin Heuston

Question: what is the second to last location mentioned?
Answer: Midleton

Question: what is the first nation mentioned?
Answer: Ireland

Question: Service to which city was terminated three decades ago?
Answer: Youghal

Question: what is the third to last location mentioned?
Answer: Cobh

Question: WHat is second mentioned location?
Answer: Ireland

Question: Which is a town: Midleton, Ireland, or Glanmire tunnel?
Answer: Midleton

Question: Which is not a rail station: Kent Station, Ireland, or Blackpool?
Answer: Ireland

Question: What is first mentioned location?
Answer: Cork

Question: what is the location mentioned?
Answer: Youghal

Question: what is the first place mentioned?
Answer: Cork
Cork_(city)

The city's charter was granted by Prince John, as Lord of Ireland, in 1185. The city was once fully walled, and some wall sections and gates remain today. For much of the Middle Ages, Cork city was an outpost of Old English culture in the midst of a predominantly hostile Gaelic countryside and cut off from the English government in the Pale around Dublin. Neighbouring Gaelic and Hiberno-Norman lords extorted "Black Rent" from the citizens to keep them from attacking the city. The present extent of the city has exceeded the medieval boundaries of the Barony of Cork City; it now takes in much of the neighbouring Barony of Cork. Together, these baronies are located between the Barony of Barrymore to the east, Muskerry East to the west and Kerrycurrihy to the south.

Question: What did Cork become after being chartered in 1185
Answer: the Barony of Cork City

Question: The Pale around Dublin was the Irish center of what cultural phenomenon in the twelfth century
Answer: the English government

Question: Where is Muskerry East in relation to Cork city?
Answer: west

Question: What city did John grant a charter to in the twelfth century
Answer: Cork city

Question: What situation that was similar to blackmail occurred with  extra details?
Answer: Gaelic and Hiberno-Norman lords extorted "Black Rent" from the citizens to keep them from attacking the city

Question: What was Cork City formerly surrounded by?
Answer: wall

Question: What city contained lots of Old English culture surrounded by Gaelic countryside?
Answer: some wall sections and gates

Question: How was Black Rent taken from Cork City citizens?
Answer: extorted

Question: Cork City was an Englich city established amidst what culture
Answer: Gaelic

Question: What boundaries are listed?
Answer: the Barony of Barrymore to the east, Muskerry East to the west and Kerrycurrihy to the south

Question: What suggested that the Lord of Ireland wanted nothing to do with England?
Answer: The city was once fully walled

Question: How did Cork prevent attach by Hiberno-Norman lords
Answer: Black Rent

Question: What descriptive behavior also suggests that the city wanted nothing to do with England?
Answer: predominantly hostile Gaelic countryside
Cork_(city)

The city is also the home of road bowling, which is played in the north-side and south-west suburbs. There are also boxing and martial arts clubs (including Brazilian jiu-jitsu, Karate, Muay Thai and Taekwondo) within the city. Cork Racing, a motorsport team based in Cork, has raced in the Irish Formula Ford Championship since 2005. Cork also hosts one of Ireland's most successful Australian Rules Football teams, the Leeside Lions, who have won the Australian Rules Football League of Ireland Premiership four times (in 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2007). There are also inline roller sports, such as hockey and figure skating, which transfer to the ice over the winter season.[citation needed]

Question: What is a main point of the passage?
Answer: The city is also the home of road bowling

Question: citation was said to be?
Answer: needed

Question: If I came to Cork in winter, what should I look forward to doing?
Answer: inline roller sports, such as hockey and figure skating

Question: what nation in the passage starts with A?
Answer: Australian

Question: What interesting fact is cited for Cork and included people running?
Answer: also hosts one of Ireland's most successful Australian Rules Football teams, the Leeside Lions, who have won the Australian Rules Football League of Ireland Premiership four times

Question: What nationality plays in the Australian Rules Football League?
Answer: Irish

Question: What is done in the Formula Ford Championship?
Answer: Racing

Question: Where is Cork?
Answer: Ireland

Question: where is the city?
Answer: Ireland

Question: inline roller sport is active in?
Answer: the winter season

Question: What do the residents do after fall to stay active?
Answer: hockey and figure skating

Question: What other championship has the city been successful in?
Answer: Australian Rules Football League of Ireland Premiership
Cork_(city)

Temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) or above 25 °C (77 °F) are rare. Cork Airport records an average of 1,227.9 millimetres (4.029 ft) of precipitation annually, most of which is rain. The airport records an average of 7 days of hail and 11 days of snow or sleet a year; though it only records lying snow for 2 days of the year. The low altitude of the city, and moderating influences of the harbour, mean that lying snow very rarely occurs in the city itself. There are on average 204 "rainy" days a year (over 0.2 millimetres (0.0079 in) of rainfall), of which there are 73 days with "heavy rain" (over 5 millimetres (0.20 in)). Cork is also a generally foggy city, with an average of 97 days of fog a year, most common during mornings and during winter. Despite this, however, Cork is also one of Ireland's sunniest cities, with an average of 3.9 hours of sunshine every day and only having 67 days where there is no "recordable sunshine", mostly during and around winter.

Question: What prevents good visibility?
Answer: fog

Question: Precipitation can come in the form of rain and hail, but also?
Answer: snow or sleet

Question: What is a cause of the rain?
Answer: fog

Question: What is the evidence that weather there is capable of freezing precipitation?
Answer: 7 days of hail and 11 days of snow or sleet a year

Question: Precipitation can come in the form of rain, snow, or sleet, but also?
Answer: hail

Question: What prevents accumulation?
Answer: low altitude of the city

Question: Why would they not expect frequent extreme cold weather delays?
Answer: Temperatures below 0 °C (32 °F) or above 25 °C (77 °F) are rare

Question: Cork experiences how much celestial light?
Answer: an average of 3.9 hours of sunshine every day

Question: What is the longest stretch of weather induced darkness?
Answer: 67
Cork_(city)

Hurling and football are the most popular spectator sports in the city. Hurling has a strong identity with city and county – with Cork winning 30 All-Ireland Championships. Gaelic football is also popular, and Cork has won 7 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles. There are many Gaelic Athletic Association clubs in Cork City, including Blackrock National Hurling Club, St. Finbarr's, Glen Rovers, Na Piarsaigh and Nemo Rangers. The main public venues are Páirc Uí Chaoimh and Páirc Uí Rinn (named after the noted Glen Rovers player Christy Ring). Camogie (hurling for ladies) and women's gaelic football are increasing in popularity.

Question: What is the name for the event is a strong identity if you are not the typical gender?
Answer: Camogie

Question: What feat was accomplished more than twice  in regard to football?
Answer: 7 All-Ireland Senior Football Championship titles

Question: Which of the following is not an athletic association: Blackrock National Hurling Club, All-Ireland Championships, or Nemo Rangers?
Answer: All-Ireland Championships

Question: How many All-Ireland Senior Football Championships has Cork won to date?
Answer: 7

Question: How many All-Ireland Championship titles has Cork won thus far?
Answer: 30

Question: What are all the clubs mentioned named?
Answer: Blackrock National Hurling Club, St. Finbarr's, Glen Rovers, Na Piarsaigh and Nemo Rangers

Question: In what kind of sport has Cork won single-digit championships?
Answer: Gaelic football

Question: Who is the name of one of the public venues an homage to?
Answer: Christy Ring

Question: Which of the following is not a public venue: Pairc Ui Chaoimh, Glen Rovers, or Pairc Ui Rinn?
Answer: Glen Rovers

Question: What would you call the hobby of playing football?
Answer: sports

Question: What thing with females might soon be as popular as others?
Answer: Camogie (hurling for ladies) and women's gaelic football are increasing in popularity

Question: Which of the following is not a port: hurling, Cork, or football?
Answer: Cork

Question: What feat was accomplished in regard to hurling?
Answer: 30 All-Ireland Championships

Question: What kind of activity is hurling?
Answer: sports