UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Armenia

Armenian cuisine is as ancient as the history of Armenia, a combination of different tastes and aromas. The food often has quite a distinct aroma. Closely related to eastern and Mediterranean cuisine, various spices, vegetables, fish, and fruits combine to present unique dishes. The main characteristics of Armenian cuisine are a reliance on the quality of the ingredients rather than heavily spicing food, the use of herbs, the use of wheat in a variety of forms, of legumes, nuts, and fruit (as a main ingredient as well as to sour food), and the stuffing of a wide variety of leaves.

Question: Which of the following is consumed in the smallest portions: herbs, vegetables or fish?
Answer: herbs

Question: Which of the following is not used as a main ingredient: fruit, fish or spices?
Answer: spices

Question: Which of the following is not a culinary ingredient: spices, fish, or sour?
Answer: sour
Armenia

Like other newly independent states of the former Soviet Union, Armenia's economy suffers from the breakdown of former Soviet trading patterns. Soviet investment in and support of Armenian industry has virtually disappeared, so that few major enterprises are still able to function. In addition, the effects of the 1988 Spitak earthquake, which killed more than 25,000 people and made 500,000 homeless, are still being felt. The conflict with Azerbaijan over Nagorno-Karabakh has not been resolved. The closure of Azerbaijani and Turkish borders has devastated the economy, because Armenia depends on outside supplies of energy and most raw materials. Land routes through Georgia and Iran are inadequate or unreliable. The GDP fell nearly 60% between 1989 and 1993, but then resumed robust growth. The national currency, the dram, suffered hyperinflation for the first years after its introduction in 1993.

Question: What happened after 1993?
Answer: robust growth

Question: What measures the economic performance of a country?
Answer: GDP

Question: What did the disappearance of Soviet investment in Armenia feel like?
Answer: effects of the 1988 Spitak earthquake

Question: What lost value in Armenia's economy from the breakdown of Soviet trading patterns?
Answer: The national currency, the dram

Question: What broke down?
Answer: former Soviet trading patterns

Question: Who stopped supporting Armenian industry?
Answer: former Soviet Union

Question: A form of monetary transaction expecting positive return is?
Answer: investment

Question: What happened after the breakdown of former Soviet trading patterns?
Answer: few major enterprises are still able to function

Question: Armenia has issues with?
Answer: Azerbaijan

Question: What hyperinflated?
Answer: the dram

Question: Who disconnected with Armenia during the political turbulence?
Answer: Azerbaijani and Turkish
Armenia

The TSFSR existed from 1922 to 1936, when it was divided up into three separate entities (Armenian SSR, Azerbaijan SSR, and Georgian SSR). Armenians enjoyed a period of relative stability under Soviet rule. They received medicine, food, and other provisions from Moscow, and communist rule proved to be a soothing balm in contrast to the turbulent final years of the Ottoman Empire. The situation was difficult for the church, which struggled under Soviet rule. After the death of Vladimir Lenin, Joseph Stalin took the reins of power and began an era of renewed fear and terror for Armenians.

Question: Which institution was better off under the Ottomans?
Answer: church

Question: Which came later, the TSFSR or the Georgian SSR?
Answer: Georgian SSR

Question: While many Armenians benefitted from communism, what entity did not?
Answer: the church

Question: Which of the following was NOT sent out from Moscow: medicine, balm or food?
Answer: balm

Question: Which Soviet leader did Armenians view most favorably?
Answer: Vladimir Lenin

Question: Why did the countries begin to fear?
Answer: Joseph Stalin took the reins of power

Question: Who was the current overlord?
Answer: Soviet rule

Question: Who was a previous overlord?
Answer: the Ottoman Empire

Question: What did the new overlords bring?
Answer: a period of relative stability

Question: What happened in the third decade of the century?
Answer: it was divided up into three separate entities

Question: How would one describe the era prior to communist rule for Armenians?
Answer: turbulent
Armenia

Turkish authorities deny the genocide took place to this day. The Armenian Genocide is acknowledged to have been one of the first modern genocides. According to the research conducted by Arnold J. Toynbee, an estimated 600,000 Armenians died during deportation from 1915–16). This figure, however, accounts for solely the first year of the Genocide and does not take into account those who died or were killed after the report was compiled on the 24th May 1916. The International Association of Genocide Scholars places the death toll at "more than a million". The total number of people killed has been most widely estimated at between 1 and 1.5 million.

Question: Who was behind the 600,000 that died?
Answer: Turkish authorities

Question: Turkish Authorities deny what happened?
Answer: The Armenian Genocide

Question: Why is the first number not exact?
Answer: accounts for solely the first year

Question: An estimated 600,000 Armenians died in the genocide before what date?
Answer: 24th May 1916

Question: What time period does the estimated 600,000 Armenians that died refer to?
Answer: solely the first year of the Genocide

Question: What was the number that died?
Answer: between 1 and 1.5 million

Question: Why is the 600,000 death count for the Armenian genocide inaccurate?
Answer: The total number of people killed has been most widely estimated at between 1 and 1.5 million

Question: What is the estimated total number of people killed in the first year?
Answer: 600,000

Question: What kind of event was the one where 6 hundred thousand Armenians were killed?
Answer: genocide
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

Some of Nasser's liberal and Islamist critics in Egypt, including the founding members of the New Wafd Party and writer Jamal Badawi, dismissed Nasser's popular appeal with the Egyptian masses during his presidency as being the product of successful manipulation and demagoguery. Egyptian political scientist Alaa al-Din Desouki blamed the 1952 revolution's shortcomings on Nasser's concentration of power, and Egypt's lack of democracy on Nasser's political style and his government's limitations on freedom of expression and political participation.

Question: Nasser's government has many?
Answer: limitations on freedom of expression and political participation

Question: __ is an Egyptian-born Muslim Canadian former professor in the Sobey School of Business.
Answer: Jamal Badawi

Question: Desouki is from?
Answer: Egypt

Question: Nasser is from?
Answer: Egypt

Question: what is the first word in the second paragraph?
Answer: political

Question: what name start with N?
Answer: Nasser

Question: what scientist?
Answer: political

Question: In 1997, __ debated Christian apologist William Lane Craig over the concept of God in Christianity and Islam.
Answer: Jamal Badawi

Question: what is attached with 1952
Answer: revolution

Question: __ researched, designed and presented a 352-segment television series on Islam, aired in Canada, the US and other countries.
Answer: Jamal Badawi
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

Nasser's street following was still too small to sustain his plans for reform and to secure him in office. To promote himself and the Liberation Rally, he gave speeches in a cross-country tour, and imposed controls over the country's press by decreeing that all publications had to be approved by the party to prevent "sedition". Both Umm Kulthum and Abdel Halim Hafez, the leading Arab singers of the era, performed songs praising Nasser's nationalism. Others produced plays denigrating his political opponents. According to his associates, Nasser orchestrated the campaign himself. Arab nationalist terms such "Arab homeland" and "Arab nation" frequently began appearing in his speeches in 1954–55, whereas prior he would refer to the Arab "peoples" or the "Arab region". In January 1955, the RCC appointed him as their president, pending national elections.

Question: Which of the following is not an Arab nationalist term: Arab homeland, Arab singers or Arab nation?
Answer: Arab singers

Question: Which is not a last name, Hafez or Sustain?
Answer: sustain

Question: What art form was used to attack those who ran against Nasser?
Answer: plays

Question: Which is not a last name, Nasser or Umm?
Answer: Umm

Question: Whose speech did Nasser limit during his bid for popularity?
Answer: the country's press

Question: Which of the following was not a singer: Umm Kulthum, Liberation Rally or Abdel Halim Hafez?
Answer: Liberation Rally

Question: What group placed Nasser in office preceding the actual election?
Answer: the RCC

Question: Who is credited with being the mastermind of the Nasser's scheme for winning the election?
Answer: Nasser

Question: What is opposite of big?
Answer: small

Question: Who was attacked by Nasser supporters using a form of art?
Answer: his political opponents

Question: Which term did Nasser use later: Arab region or Arab homeland?
Answer: homeland
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

Nasser had few personal vices other than chain smoking. He maintained 18-hour workdays and rarely took time off for vacations. The combination of smoking and working long hours contributed to his poor health. He was diagnosed with diabetes in the early 1960s and by the time of his death in 1970, he also had arteriosclerosis, heart disease, and high blood pressure. He suffered two major heart attacks (in 1966 and 1969), and was on bed rest for six weeks after the second episode. State media reported that Nasser's absence from the public view at that time was a result of influenza.

Question: How was his health viewed?
Answer: State media reported that Nasser's absence from the public view at that time was a result of influenza

Question: How was Nasser's work life balance?
Answer: He maintained 18-hour workdays and rarely took time off for vacations

Question: Which happened earlier, Nasser was diagnosed with diabetes or Nasser died?
Answer: diagnosed with diabetes

Question: What was the first sign of his health declining?
Answer: He was diagnosed with diabetes

Question: What health condition that begins with the letter h and contains three words did Nasser suffer from?
Answer: high blood pressure

Question: How did he try to hide one of his heart attacks?
Answer: a result of influenza

Question: What caused Nassar to finally take some time off work?
Answer: two major heart attacks

Question: How bad were Nasser's heart attacks?
Answer: major heart attacks

Question: Which heart attack occurred closer to Nasser's death, the one in 1966 or 1969?
Answer: 1969

Question: Why was his health a concern?
Answer: He maintained 18-hour workdays and rarely took time off for vacations

Question: What was the result of his poor health?
Answer: He was diagnosed with diabetes in the early 1960s and by the time of his death in 1970, he also had arteriosclerosis, heart disease, and high blood pressure

Question: Which is smaller, the number of major heart attacks Nasser suffered or the number of weeks he spent on bed rest after the 2nd heart attack?
Answer: major heart attacks

Question: What led to the leader's demise?
Answer: chain smoking

Question: What health condition that begins with the letter a did Nasser suffer from?
Answer: arteriosclerosis

Question: What affected the leader's health?
Answer: He maintained 18-hour workdays and rarely took time off for vacations
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

The crowd roared in approval and Arab audiences were electrified. The assassination attempt backfired, quickly playing into Nasser's hands. Upon returning to Cairo, he ordered one of the largest political crackdowns in the modern history of Egypt, with the arrests of thousands of dissenters, mostly members of the Brotherhood, but also communists, and the dismissal of 140 officers loyal to Naguib. Eight Brotherhood leaders were sentenced to death, although the sentence of its chief ideologue, Sayyid Qutb, was commuted to a 15-year imprisonment. Naguib was removed from the presidency and put under house arrest, but was never tried or sentenced, and no one in the army rose to defend him. With his rivals neutralized, Nasser became the undisputed leader of Egypt.

Question: who was electrified?
Answer: The crowd

Question: What was the result of the crackdown?
Answer: Eight Brotherhood leaders were sentenced to death

Question: Who was targeted?
Answer: mostly members of the Brotherhood, but also communists, and the dismissal of 140 officers loyal to Naguib

Question: how urgent did the attempt play in to his hands?
Answer: quickly

Question: Nasser is rival with?
Answer: Naguib

Question: what place start with C?
Answer: Cairo

Question: who decended to the pharaohs land?
Answer: Nasser

Question: What happened following the attempt?
Answer: he ordered one of the largest political crackdowns in the modern history of Egypt, with the arrests of thousands of dissenters, mostly members of the Brotherhood, but also communists, and the dismissal of 140 officers loyal to Naguib

Question: How did this affect the government?
Answer: With his rivals neutralized, Nasser became the undisputed leader of Egypt

Question: How did the incident change things?
Answer: The assassination attempt backfired, quickly playing into Nasser's hands

Question: who roared?
Answer: audiences

Question: what fell to his cards?
Answer: The assassination attempt

Question: what nation start with A?
Answer: Arab
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

Nasser was known for his intimate relationship with ordinary Egyptians. His availability to the public, despite assassination attempts against him, was unparalleled among his successors. A skilled orator, Nasser gave 1,359 speeches between 1953 and 1970, a record for any Egyptian head of state. Historian Elie Podeh wrote that a constant theme of Nasser's image was "his ability to represent Egyptian authenticity, in triumph or defeat". The national press also helped to foster his popularity and profile—more so after the nationalization of state media. Historian Tarek Osman wrote:

Question: what group was mentioned third?
Answer: his successors

Question: Who were his biggest fans?
Answer: ordinary Egyptians

Question: The type of flat disc popularized in 1912 with an inscribed spiral groove to play music, is called a?
Answer: record

Question: What position did Nasser hold?
Answer: head of state

Question: what group is mentioned second?
Answer: the public

Question: Who was the author that wrote Chances for Peace: Missed Opportunities in the Arab-Israeli Conflict ?
Answer: Elie Podeh

Question: Which historian listed in the passage is the author of the book, Islamism What it Means for the Middle East and the World?
Answer: Tarek Osman

Question: what occupation is mentioned last?
Answer: Historian

Question: The action of assassinating someone is called?
Answer: assassination

Question: what group is mentioned first?
Answer: ordinary Egyptians

Question: Who nationalized the Suez Canal in 1956 leading to the Suez Crisis?
Answer: Nasser

Question: Who promoted Nasser's image in the country?
Answer: The national press

Question: what period in time is mentioned first?
Answer: 1953

Question: What suggests that not everyone loved Nasser?
Answer: assassination attempts against him
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

During the presidential referendum in Egypt, Nasser was re-elected to a second term as UAR president and took his oath on 25 March 1965. He was the only candidate for the position, with virtually all of his political opponents forbidden by law from running for office, and his fellow party members reduced to mere followers. That same year, Nasser had the Muslim Brotherhood chief ideologue Sayyed Qutb imprisoned. Qutb was charged and found guilty by the court of plotting to assassinate Nasser, and was executed in 1966. Beginning in 1966, as Egypt's economy slowed and government debt became increasingly burdensome, Nasser began to ease state control over the private sector, encouraging state-owned bank loans to private business and introducing incentives to increase exports. During the 60's, the Egyptian economy went from sluggishness to the verge of collapse, the society became less free, and Nasser's appeal waned considerably.

Question: As Egypt's economy slowed, what were state-owned banks encouraged to give to private businesses?
Answer: loans

Question: When Nasser was re-elected to a second term as UAR president, who had been the only candidate for the position?
Answer: Nasser

Question: What did Nasser do when Egypt became burdened by financial problems?
Answer: encouraging state-owned bank loans to private business and introducing incentives to increase exports

Question: What happened to Sayyed Qutb?
Answer: imprisoned

Question: Why was Nasser re-elected as UAR President?
Answer: He was the only candidate

Question: When did Egypt's economy greatly decline?
Answer: Beginning in 1966

Question: How many people ran for UAR president?
Answer: He was the only candidate

Question: What played a role in making Egyptian society more restricted?
Answer: the Egyptian economy went from sluggishness to the verge of collapse

Question: Who became less popular as the Egyptian economy declined in the 60's?
Answer: Nasser

Question: What was a direct result of the poor economy?
Answer: government debt became increasingly burdensome

Question: Why didn't anyone want to run against Nasser for President?
Answer: forbidden by law
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

Gamal Abdel Nasser was born on 15 January 1918 in Bakos, Alexandria, the first son of Fahima and Abdel Nasser Hussein. Nasser's father was a postal worker born in Beni Mur in Upper Egypt and raised in Alexandria, and his mother's family came from Mallawi, el-Minya. His parents married in 1917, and later had two more boys, Izz al-Arab and al-Leithi. Nasser's biographers Robert Stephens and Said Aburish wrote that Nasser's family believed strongly in the "Arab notion of glory", since the name of Nasser's brother, Izz al-Arab, translates to "Glory of the Arabs"—a rare name in Egypt.

Question: Who was the oldest male child of Gamal Abdel Nasser's parents?
Answer: Gamal Abdel Nasser

Question: What was the name of Fahima's middle son?
Answer: Izz al-Arab

Question: Why was Gamal's brother named Izz al-Arab?
Answer: family believed strongly in the "Arab notion of glory"

Question: Where was Abdel Nasser Hussein from?
Answer: Beni Mur in Upper Egypt

Question: Who were Gamal Abdel Nasser's brothers?
Answer: Izz al-Arab and al-Leithi

Question: What was the name of Fahima's husband's middle son?
Answer: Izz al-Arab

Question: What was the name of Gamal Abdel Nasser's mother?
Answer: Fahima

Question: Where was Fahima from?
Answer: Mallawi, el-Minya

Question: Who was Gamal Abdel Nasser's youngest brother?
Answer: al-Leithi

Question: Who was Nasser's mother?
Answer: Fahima

Question: Where was Abdel Nasser Hussein born?
Answer: Beni Mur

Question: What was unique about Gamal's brother's name?
Answer: a rare name in Egypt

Question: What two names did Gamal and his father have in common?
Answer: Abdel Nasser
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

On 26 July 1956, Nasser gave a speech in Alexandria announcing the nationalization of the Suez Canal Company as a means to fund the Aswan Dam project in light of the British–American withdrawal. In the speech, he denounced British imperialism in Egypt and British control over the canal company's profits, and upheld that the Egyptian people had a right to sovereignty over the waterway, especially since "120,000 Egyptians had died (sic)" building it. The motion was technically in breach of the international agreement he had signed with the UK on 19 October 1954, although he ensured that all existing stockholders would be paid off.

Question: What is another word for Britain?
Answer: UK

Question: Who controlled the profits of teh Suez Canal Company after 1956
Answer: the Egyptian people

Question: Who paid for the Aswan Dam project?
Answer: Egypt

Question: What did Nasser's speech in Alexandria violate?
Answer: the international agreement he had signed with the UK on 19 October 1954

Question: Where was the Suez Canal?
Answer: Egypt

Question: What event prompted Nasser to take control of the canal?
Answer: British–American withdrawal

Question: What did the canal company earn for existing stockholders?
Answer: profits

Question: How did Nasser tell the Egyptian people about nationalization of the Suez Canal Company
Answer: a speech in Alexandria

Question: What sentiments was Nasser displaying during his speech?
Answer: Egyptian people had a right to sovereignty over the waterway

Question: How was the financial issue that arose from this situation addressed?
Answer: he ensured that all existing stockholders would be paid off
Gamal_Abdel_Nasser

Nasser made Egypt fully independent of British influence, and the country became a major power in the developing world under his leadership. One of Nasser's main domestic efforts was to establish social justice, which he deemed a prerequisite to liberal democracy. During his presidency, ordinary citizens enjoyed unprecedented access to housing, education, jobs, health services and nourishment, as well as other forms of social welfare, while feudalistic influence waned. By the end of his presidency, employment and working conditions improved considerably, although poverty was still high in the country and substantial resources allocated for social welfare had been diverted to the war effort.

Question: Why did Nassars social wlfare programs not work as well as planned?
Answer: diverted to the war effort

Question: What was necessary before they could consider looking to improve or accomplish anything else?
Answer: social justice

Question: What was something that hadn't improved much while others had during Nasser's reign?
Answer: poverty

Question: Why were some citizens likely to be turned away when they needed government assistance?
Answer: substantial resources allocated for social welfare had been diverted to the war effort

Question: What had kept egyptian citizens poor before Nasser?
Answer: feudalistic influence

Question: What of a country did Nasser want to be free from?
Answer: influence

Question: Why did the lives of the average citizen improve under Nasser?
Answer: access to housing, education, jobs, health services and nourishment, as well as other forms of social welfare

Question: How did the war the Egypt took part in worsen the econonmic situation of egyptian citizens?
Answer: resources allocated for social welfare had been diverted to the war effort

Question: What were the benefits for the people during Nasser's reign?
Answer: social welfare

Question: What did Nasser do for Egypt besides independence?
Answer: the country became a major power in the developing world under his leadership

Question: What was of utmost importance to the man who made Egypt independent?
Answer: establish social justice

Question: Of those reaped the benefits of Nasser's efforts, what did they get specifically?
Answer: housing, education, jobs, health services and nourishment

Question: How did Nassar increase the status of Egypt when ruling it?
Answer: made Egypt fully independent of British influence