UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Age_of_Enlightenment

The first technical dictionary was drafted by John Harris and entitled Lexicon Technicum: Or, An Universal English Dictionary of Arts and Sciences. Harris' book avoided theological and biographical entries; instead it concentrated on science and technology. Published in 1704, the Lexicon technicum was the first book to be written in English that took a methodical approach to describing mathematics and commercial arithmetic along with the physical sciences and navigation. Other technical dictionaries followed Harris' model, including Ephraim Chambers' Cyclopaedia (1728), which included five editions, and was a substantially larger work than Harris'. The folio edition of the work even included foldout engravings. The Cyclopaedia emphasized Newtonian theories, Lockean philosophy, and contained thorough examinations of technologies, such as engraving, brewing, and dyeing.

Question: Which happened later, Harris drafted the Lexicon Technicum, or other technical dictionaries followed his model?
Answer: Other technical dictionaries followed Harris' model

Question: Which did not include foldout engravings, Lexicon or Cyclopaedia?
Answer: Lexicon

Question: Who wrote a book earlier, Chambers or Harris?
Answer: Harris

Question: What industries did Chambers explore?
Answer: engraving, brewing, and dyeing

Question: Which dictionary was closer to the 1600s, the Lexicon or the Cyclopaedia?
Answer: Lexicon

Question: John Harris drafted a book that was published earlier than what year?
Answer: 1728

Question: Which happened later, the Lexicon Technicum was published, or it was drafted?
Answer: Published

Question: What was Cyclopaedia?
Answer: technical dictionaries

Question: Which was published first, the Lexicon Technicum, or other technical dictionaries?
Answer: Lexicon Technicum

Question: How many other books were similar to Harris'?
Answer: was the first book to be written in English that took a methodical approach to describing mathematics and commercial arithmetic along with the physical sciences and navigation

Question: Which did not thorough examinations of engraving, brewing, and dyeing - Lexicon or Cyclopaedia?
Answer: Lexicon

Question: What is Lexicon Technicum?
Answer: The first technical dictionary

Question: Which was smaller, Lexicon or Cyclopaedia?
Answer: Lexicon

Question: Who wrote a smaller dictionary than Cyclopaedia?
Answer: John Harris
Age_of_Enlightenment

A healthy, and legal, publishing industry existed throughout Europe, although established publishers and book sellers occasionally ran afoul of the law. The Encyclopédie, for example, condemned not only by the King but also by Clement XII, nevertheless found its way into print with the help of the aforementioned Malesherbes and creative use of French censorship law. But many works were sold without running into any legal trouble at all. Borrowing records from libraries in England, Germany and North America indicate that more than 70 percent of books borrowed were novels. Less than 1 percent of the books were of a religious nature, indicating the general trend of declining religiosity.

Question: What was used to help print the Encyclopedie?
Answer: French censorship law

Question: What country was omitted from the borrowing records?
Answer: French

Question: The Encyclopedie is a?
Answer: book

Question: Books came out of the what?
Answer: publishing industry

Question: Which record was not from the publishing continent of origin?
Answer: North America

Question: The most popular books were?
Answer: novels

Question: What country's loopholes inadvertently aided the publishing industry?
Answer: French
Bern

The city grew out towards the west of the boundaries of the peninsula formed by the River Aare. The Zytglogge tower marked the western boundary of the city from 1191 until 1256, when the Käfigturm took over this role until 1345. It was, in turn, succeeded by the Christoffelturm (formerly located close to the site of the modern-day railway station) until 1622. During the time of the Thirty Years' War, two new fortifications – the so-called big and small Schanze (entrenchment) – were built to protect the whole area of the peninsula.

Question: The tower which marked the western boundary of the city was replaced by what?
Answer: the Käfigturm

Question: The big Schanze existed with the?
Answer: small Schanze

Question: what type of structure was mentioned in the very beginning?
Answer: tower

Question: The Zytglogge was part of what locale?
Answer: city

Question: what type of land formation was mentioned last?
Answer: peninsula

Question: What was the main purpose of the Schanze?
Answer: protect

Question: what did the schanze do?
Answer: protect

Question: what happened to the two new structures during the thirty years war?
Answer: built

Question: What was the Schanze supposed to do?
Answer: protect

Question: which way did  the first urban sprawl go?
Answer: west
Bern

Bern was a candidate to host the 2010 Winter Olympics, but withdrew its bid in September 2002 after a referendum was passed that showed that the bid was not supported by locals. Those games were eventually awarded to Vancouver, Canada.

Question: Which of the following is not a city: Bern, Vancouver, or Canada?
Answer: Canada

Question: How did the bid fail
Answer: a referendum was passed

Question: Which city had locals that supported the bid to host the Winter Olympics, Bern or Vancouver?
Answer: Vancouver

Question: The locals ended up supporting whose bid?
Answer: Vancouver, Canada

Question: Which city was not initially scheduled to host the 2010 Winter Olympics, Bern or Vancouver?
Answer: Vancouver

Question: Why did the 2010 Olympics occur in Canada
Answer: Bern was a candidate to host the 2010 Winter Olympics, but withdrew its bid

Question: Vancouver could not have hosted the 2010 Olympics without who backing out?
Answer: Bern

Question: Who votes in a referendum
Answer: locals

Question: De facto capital of Switzerland
Answer: Bern

Question: Who hosted the 2010 Winter Olympics?
Answer: Vancouver, Canada
Bern

As of 2003[update] the average price to rent an average apartment in Bern was 1108.92 Swiss francs (CHF) per month (US$890, £500, €710 approx. exchange rate from 2003). The average rate for a one-room apartment was 619.82 CHF (US$500, £280, €400), a two-room apartment was about 879.36 CHF (US$700, £400, €560), a three-room apartment was about 1040.54 CHF (US$830, £470, €670) and a six or more room apartment cost an average of 2094.80 CHF (US$1680, £940, €1340). The average apartment price in Bern was 99.4% of the national average of 1116 CHF. The vacancy rate for the municipality, in 2010[update], was 0.45%.

Question: How much is the average one room Bern apartment in USD?
Answer: US$500

Question: How much is the average Bern apartment in pounds?
Answer: £500

Question: How much is the average Bern apartment in USD?
Answer: US$890

Question: What is the conversion into pounds for 1040.54 Swiss francs?
Answer: 470

Question: What was the average price of a three bedroom apartment in US dollars?
Answer: US$830

Question: How much is the average Bern apartment in euros?
Answer: €710

Question: How much would someone pay for an apartment in Bern in US dollars that has less than four rooms but more than two rooms?
Answer: US$830

Question: How many Euros is 879.36 Swiss francs?
Answer: 560

Question: What was the average price of a two-bedroom apartment in US dollars?
Answer: US$700

Question: What was the average price of a one-bedroom apartment in US dollars?
Answer: US$500

Question: How much is the average one room Bern apartment in euros?
Answer: €400

Question: What is the conversion of 879.36 CHF into American dollars?
Answer: 700
Bern

SC Bern is the major ice hockey team of Bern who plays at the PostFinance Arena. The team has ranked highest in attendance for a European hockey team for more than a decade. The PostFinance Arena was the main host of the 2009 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship, including the opening game and the final of the tournament.

Question: what is the third to last event mentioned?
Answer: the 2009 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship

Question: Frozen water is commonly referred to as?
Answer: Ice

Question: There is a stadium located in Bern that normally hosts ice hockey teams, what did it host in the first decade of the 21st century?
Answer: 2009 IIHF Ice Hockey World Championship

Question: what is the second to last event mentioned?
Answer: the opening game

Question: what is the second area mentioned?
Answer: PostFinance Arena

Question: SC Bern is in what region?
Answer: European

Question: what is the first span of time mentioned?
Answer: more than a decade

Question: The act of going to an event is called?
Answer: attendance

Question: A type of competition that has a large number of participants that normally decides upon one winner is called a?
Answer: tournament

Question: The game that concludes a tournament or an event is also called what?
Answer: final

Question: A tournament involves more than one?
Answer: game

Question: what is the first area mentioned?
Answer: Bern
Bern

In Bern, about 50,418 or (39.2%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 24,311 or (18.9%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 24,311 who completed tertiary schooling, 51.6% were Swiss men, 33.0% were Swiss women, 8.9% were non-Swiss men and 6.5% were non-Swiss women.

Question: Of the four groups of people who completed tertiary schooling, which group was the third largest?
Answer: non-Swiss men

Question: Which is greater, or the number of non-Swiss women who finished tertiary schooling, or 50,418?
Answer: 50,418

Question: Did men or women complete more of the highest level of education?
Answer: men

Question: Which is greater, or the number of Swiss women who finished tertiary schooling, or 50,418?
Answer: 50,418

Question: Which is greater, or the number of people who finished tertiary schooling, or 50,418?
Answer: 50,418

Question: Have a larger percentage of the population completed non-mandatory upper secondary education or additional higher education?
Answer: non-mandatory upper secondary education

Question: Which of upper secondary education or tertiary education has been completed by more people?
Answer: upper secondary

Question: Did men or women complete less of the highest level of education?
Answer: women

Question: If someone was born in Bern, what nationality are they?
Answer: Swiss

Question: Which is greater, or the number of Swiss men who finished tertiary schooling, or 50,418?
Answer: 50,418

Question: Did fewer men (both Swiss and non-Swiss) or women (both Swiss and non-Swiss) complete tertiary schooling?
Answer: women

Question: Which of upper secondary education or tertiary education has been completed by less people?
Answer: tertiary

Question: Which group of people made up a lower percentage of the people who completed tertiary schooling, Swiss men or Swiss women?
Answer: Swiss women

Question: Which is greater, or the number of non-Swiss men who finished tertiary schooling, or 50,418?
Answer: 50,418
Bern

As of 2008[update], the population was 47.5% male and 52.5% female. The population was made up of 44,032 Swiss men (35.4% of the population) and 15,092 (12.1%) non-Swiss men. There were 51,531 Swiss women (41.4%) and 13,726 (11.0%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 39,008 or about 30.3% were born in Bern and lived there in 2000. There were 27,573 or 21.4% who were born in the same canton, while 25,818 or 20.1% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 27,812 or 21.6% were born outside of Switzerland.

Question: Were more people born in the same canton or born somewhere else in Switzerland?
Answer: born in the same canton

Question: Which group of people was under 14,000?
Answer: non-Swiss women

Question: Which gender constituted over 50% of the population?
Answer: female

Question: How many people, in 2000, lived in Bern?
Answer: 39,008

Question: A little less than one-third of the population was born in Bern and lived here and not a rural setting?
Answer: in the municipality

Question: The Swiss population was made up of how many non-swiss women?
Answer: 13,726

Question: Was a greater percentage of the population male or female as of 2008?
Answer: female

Question: This gender dominated the make-up of the Swiss population in 2008?
Answer: female

Question: Were more people born in the same canton or born outside of Switzerland?
Answer: born outside of Switzerland

Question: The Swiss population was made up of how many non-swiss men?
Answer: 15,092

Question: While females dominated overall in terms of the makeup of Swiss population in 2008, this gender held more non-Swiss?
Answer: men

Question: How many people where born in the same canton?
Answer: 27,573

Question: One percent over ten percent is the make-up of this category of the Swiss population?
Answer: non-Swiss women

Question: In 2008, how much of the population was men total?
Answer: 47.5%

Question: Of those living in the city, a little less than one-third had called it home since the turn of the century?
Answer: Bern
Bern

As of 2000[update], children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 15.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 65% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 19.9%.

Question: Suppose there are 2 more newborns, then which number will be increased, 65%, 15.1% or 19.9%?
Answer: 15.1%

Question: When are you considered a senior?
Answer: over 64 years old

Question: How old was the minority of the population?
Answer: (0–19 years old)

Question: Which age group had the largest population in 2000?
Answer: adults (20–64 years old)

Question: Suppose there 2 newborns, then which number will be decreased, 65% or 15.1%?
Answer: 65%

Question: How old are you in your last year as a teenager?
Answer: 19

Question: It was reported that 2 kids were killed in an accident, then which number will be inreased, 19.9% or 15.1%?
Answer: 19.9%
Bern

There are eleven Renaissance allegorical statues on public fountains in the Old Town. Nearly all the 16th century fountains, except the Zähringer fountain which was created by Hans Hiltbrand, are the work of the Fribourg master Hans Gieng. One of the more interesting fountains is the Kindlifresserbrunnen (Bernese German: Child Eater Fountain but often translated Ogre Fountain) which is claimed to represent a Jew, the Greek god Chronos or a Fastnacht figure that scares disobedient children.

Question: The Kindlifresserbrunnen features what works?
Answer: statues

Question: Gieng made?
Answer: fountains

Question: What kind of statue is the Child Eater Fountain?
Answer: allegorical

Question: Hiltbrand made fewer4 things than?
Answer: Hans Gieng

Question: In which period were the Old Town fountains built?
Answer: 16th century

Question: A person who follows a religion may be represented in the?
Answer: Kindlifresserbrunnen

Question: Who created all of the Old Town fountains except one?
Answer: Fribourg master Hans Gieng

Question: Where is the Kindlifresserbrunnen?
Answer: Old Town

Question: Someone from what culture is in a fountain?
Answer: Greek
Bern

From the 2000 census[update], 60,455 or 47.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 31,510 or 24.5% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 1,874 members of an Orthodox church (or about 1.46% of the population), there were 229 persons (or about 0.18% of the population) who belonged to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 5,531 persons (or about 4.30% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 324 persons (or about 0.25% of the population) who were Jewish, and 4,907 (or about 3.81% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 629 persons who were Buddhist, 1,430 persons who were Hindu and 177 persons who belonged to another church. 16,363 (or about 12.72% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 7,855 persons (or about 6.11% of the population) did not answer the question. On 14 December 2014 the Haus der Religionen was inaugurated.

Question: How many people were non-Catholic Christians?
Answer: 5,531

Question: 6.11% of the population avoided?
Answer: the question

Question: What faith held the second smallest demographic?
Answer: Jewish

Question: 12.72% of the population are?
Answer: agnostic or atheist

Question: Of the two sects of Catholicism, which had the smaller following?
Answer: Christian Catholic Church

Question: How many were Christian Catholics?
Answer: 229

Question: Roman Catholics are also?
Answer: Christian

Question: What percentage of respondents identified with the church holding the place between Swiss Reform and no affiliation, including atheist/agnostic?
Answer: 24.5%

Question: How many census takers steered clear of the religious assessment?
Answer: 7,855

Question: Roman Catholics attend?
Answer: Church
Bern

During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 10,979 pupils attending classes in Bern. There were 89 kindergarten classes with a total of 1,641 pupils in the municipality. Of the kindergarten pupils, 32.4% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 40.2% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 266 primary classes and 5,040 pupils. Of the primary pupils, 30.1% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 35.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 151 lower secondary classes with a total of 2,581 pupils. There were 28.7% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 32.7% have a different mother language than the classroom language.

Question: How many were in the lower secondary classes?
Answer: 2,581

Question: What percentage of the youngest students did not speak the classroom language?
Answer: 40.2%

Question: How many were in kindergarten?
Answer: 1,641

Question: Which level of schooling containd the most pupils?
Answer: primary

Question: When looking at the largest education level, what percentage of pupils did not speak the language?
Answer: 35.7%

Question: What language is more common in the majority of the classrooms?
Answer: different mother language

Question: When did the first half of the school year of issue take place?
Answer: 2009

Question: Of the youngest students, what percentage were not residents?
Answer: 32.4%

Question: Which education level had the least amount of non-citizens?
Answer: lower secondary
Samurai

For example, the full name of Oda Nobunaga would be "Oda Kazusanosuke Saburo Nobunaga" (織田上総介三郎信長), in which "Oda" is a clan or family name, "Kazusanosuke" is a title of vice-governor of Kazusa province, "Saburo" is a formal nickname (yobina), and "Nobunaga" is an adult name (nanori) given at genpuku, the coming of age ceremony. A man was addressed by his family name and his title, or by his yobina if he did not have a title. However, the nanori was a private name that could be used by only a very few, including the Emperor.

Question: What is the title of Nobunaga?
Answer: vice-governor of Kazusa province

Question: Who was allowed to use the adult name?
Answer: only a very few, including the Emperor

Question: The Emperor was among the only ones who could say?
Answer: Nobunaga

Question: how would you address a man
Answer: by his family name and his title

Question: What is the given at the coming of age ceremony?
Answer: nanori

Question: what does Oda stands for
Answer: is a clan or family name

Question: who could use the name nanori
Answer: a very few, including the Emperor

Question: Nobunaga belonged to the Oda what?
Answer: family

Question: Who has the adult name Nobunaga?
Answer: Oda Nobunaga

Question: what is the second word of the Oda Nobunaga's full name
Answer: Kazusanosuke

Question: What is a formal nickname called?
Answer: yobina

Question: what was the third word of Oda Nobunaga's full name
Answer: Saburo
Samurai

Historian H. Paul Varley notes the description of Japan given by Jesuit leader St. Francis Xavier (1506–1552): "There is no nation in the world which fears death less." Xavier further describes the honour and manners of the people: "I fancy that there are no people in the world more punctilious about their honour than the Japanese, for they will not put up with a single insult or even a word spoken in anger." Xavier spent the years 1549–1551 converting Japanese to Christianity. He also observed: "The Japanese are much braver and more warlike than the people of China, Korea, Ternate and all of the other nations around the Philippines."

Question: Where did Xavier make his observations?
Answer: Japan

Question: The people in Japan have more courage than the people near which sovereign nation?
Answer: Philippines

Question: what state in the passage starts with C?
Answer: China

Question: what was the first quote in the passage?
Answer: There is no nation in the world which fears death less

Question: what state starts with the letter J in the passage?
Answer: Japan

Question: what culture is been talked about?
Answer: Japanese

Question: What nationality did Xavier describe?
Answer: Japanese

Question: At what point did Xavier embark on his mission to teach the Japanese about Jesus?
Answer: 1549

Question: At what point was Xavier finished teaching the Japanese about Jesus?
Answer: 1551

Question: What did H. Paul Varley do?
Answer: Historian

Question: Who was part of the society of Jesus?
Answer: St. Francis Xavier

Question: What did Varley do to make money?
Answer: Historian

Question: When did Xavier first spread Christianity to Japan?
Answer: 1549

Question: Who noted the observation that the Japanese were more warlike than the people of China?
Answer: H. Paul Varley
Samurai

The philosophies of Buddhism and Zen, and to a lesser extent Confucianism and Shinto, influenced the samurai culture. Zen meditation became an important teaching due to it offering a process to calm one's mind. The Buddhist concept of reincarnation and rebirth led samurai to abandon torture and needless killing, while some samurai even gave up violence altogether and became Buddhist monks after realizing how fruitless their killings were. Some were killed as they came to terms with these realizations in the battlefield. The most defining role that Confucianism played in samurai philosophy was to stress the importance of the lord-retainer relationship—the loyalty that a samurai was required to show his lord.

Question: Samurai follow what which focuses on interpersonal interactions?
Answer: Confucianism

Question: Some of these people became still in battle and were killed, who are they?
Answer: samurai

Question: What left a great mark on the lives of the samurai?
Answer: philosophies of Buddhism and Zen

Question: Who were those who responded to a lord?
Answer: samurai

Question: Out of Buddhism and Confucianism, which one influenced the samurai culture more?
Answer: Buddhism

Question: What were important factors in the lives of the samurai?
Answer: philosophies of Buddhism and Zen

Question: Out of Zen and Shinto, which of these two influenced the samurai culture more?
Answer: Zen

Question: What name can we apply to all the theories in the text?
Answer: philosophies

Question: What left great legacies on the lives of the samurai?
Answer: philosophies of Buddhism and Zen

Question: Which is the only philosophy that influence the samurai culture, but this influence is not explained by the text?
Answer: Shinto

Question: A samurai is a what to a lord?
Answer: retainer

Question: Samurai don't engage in too much violence because of?
Answer: Buddhism