UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Charleston,_South_Carolina

Charleston annually hosts Spoleto Festival USA founded by Gian Carlo Menotti, a 17-day art festival featuring over 100 performances by individual artists in a variety of disciplines. The Spoleto Festival is internationally recognized as America's premier performing arts festival. The annual Piccolo Spoleto festival takes place at the same time and features local performers and artists, with hundreds of performances throughout the city. Other festivals and events include Historic Charleston Foundation's Festival of Houses and Gardens and Charleston Antiques Show, the Taste of Charleston, The Lowcountry Oyster Festival, the Cooper River Bridge Run, The Charleston Marathon, Southeastern Wildlife Exposition (SEWE), Charleston Food and Wine Festival, Charleston Fashion Week, the MOJA Arts Festival, and the Holiday Festival of Lights (at James Island County Park), and the Charleston International Film Festival.

Question: What is the main point of the passage?
Answer: 17-day art festival featuring over 100 performances by individual artists in a variety of disciplines

Question: How far of a reach does the Spoleto Festival USA have??
Answer: internationally recognized

Question: Who puts on a show at the Spoleto Festival?
Answer: individual artists

Question: What location are these festivals?
Answer: throughout the city

Question: What main location in the USA is mentioned for this festival?
Answer: Charleston

Question: Which mentioned Arts festival ismost popular?
Answer: The Spoleto Festival

Question: Where can you see archaic objects on display?
Answer: Charleston Antiques Show

Question: How frequently is the festival started by Menotti held?
Answer: annually

Question: Which festival would be most likely to feature seafood?
Answer: The Lowcountry Oyster Festival

Question: How many times could you visit the Spoleto Festival, if you wanted to?
Answer: 17

Question: At which event would you see new clothes on display?
Answer: Charleston Fashion Week
Charleston,_South_Carolina

The first settlers primarily came from England, its Caribbean colony of Barbados, and its Atlantic colony of Bermuda. Among these were free people of color, born in the West Indies of alliances and marriages between Africans and Englanders, when color lines were looser among the working class in the early colonial years, and some wealthy whites took black consorts or concubines. Charles Town attracted a mixture of ethnic and religious groups. French, Scottish, Irish, and Germans migrated to the developing seacoast town, representing numerous Protestant denominations. Because of the battles between English "royalty" and the Roman Catholic Church, practicing Catholics were not allowed to settle in South Carolina until after the American Revolution. Jews were allowed, and Sephardic Jews migrated to the city in such numbers that by the beginning of the 19th century, the city was home to the largest and wealthiest Jewish community in North America—a status it held until about 1830.

Question: Where did the settlers come from??
Answer: England, its Caribbean colony of Barbados, and its Atlantic colony of Bermuda

Question: Where did the settlers who were not white originate from?
Answer: West Indies

Question: Where did the famous kilt wearers settle?
Answer: Charles Town

Question: Since they were not battling, who settled in South Carolina?
Answer: Jews were allowed

Question: Where did the Jewish people settle?
Answer: Charles Town

Question: What happened due to the working class having more races?
Answer: alliances and marriages between Africans and Englanders

Question: What statement supports that blacks were born free and allowed to marry?
Answer: Among these were free people of color, born in the West Indies of alliances and marriages between Africans and Englanders

Question: Who owns Barbados?
Answer: England

Question: Who were among the settlers?
Answer: free people of color, born in the West Indies of alliances and marriages between Africans and Englanders, when color lines were looser among the working class in the early colonial years, and some wealthy whites took black consorts or concubines

Question: What race was the majority of migrants to Charles Town?
Answer: whites

Question: Racism was less prevalent in which socioeconomic group?
Answer: working class

Question: During this time, Catholics primarily had an issue with who?
Answer: English "royalty"
Charleston,_South_Carolina

As many as five bands were on tour during the 1920s. The Jenkins Orphanage Band played in the inaugural parades of Presidents Theodore Roosevelt and William Taft and toured the USA and Europe. The band also played on Broadway for the play "Porgy" by DuBose and Dorothy Heyward, a stage version of their novel of the same title. The story was based in Charleston and featured the Gullah community. The Heywards insisted on hiring the real Jenkins Orphanage Band to portray themselves on stage. Only a few years later, DuBose Heyward collaborated with George and Ira Gershwin to turn his novel into the now famous opera, Porgy and Bess (so named so as to distinguish it from the play). George Gershwin and Heyward spent the summer of 1934 at Folly Beach outside of Charleston writing this "folk opera", as Gershwin called it. Porgy and Bess is considered the Great American Opera[citation needed] and is widely performed.

Question: What was the quantity?
Answer: five

Question: __ was described as a folktale by G. Gershwin.
Answer: Porgy and Bess

Question: Porgy and Bess was an opera and a?
Answer: play

Question: __ spawned the hit Summertime.
Answer: Porgy and Bess

Question: Porgy and Bess was originally a?
Answer: novel

Question: __ premiered in Europe in 1943.
Answer: Porgy and Bess
Charleston,_South_Carolina

The traditional parish system persisted until the Reconstruction Era, when counties were imposed.[citation needed] Nevertheless, traditional parishes still exist in various capacities, mainly as public service districts. When the city of Charleston was formed, it was defined by the limits of the Parish of St. Philip and St. Michael, now also includes parts of St. James' Parish, St. George's Parish, St. Andrew's Parish, and St. John's Parish, although the last two are mostly still incorporated rural parishes.

Question: When did the traditional parish system end?
Answer: when counties were imposed

Question: Where are rural parishes still being used?
Answer: Andrew's Parish, and St. John's Parish

Question: What place was made that parishes still exist?
Answer: city of Charleston

Question: What did St. Andrew's Parish belong to?
Answer: rural parishes

Question: How did traditional parishes manage to survive?
Answer: exist in various capacities

Question: Parishes still exist as traditional and what?
Answer: rural

Question: Traditional parishes are incorporated as what for the most part?
Answer: public service districts

Question: What did the traditional parish system do?
Answer: persisted
Appalachian_Mountains

While exploring inland along the northern coast of Florida in 1528, the members of the Narváez expedition, including Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca, found a Native American village near present-day Tallahassee, Florida whose name they transcribed as Apalchen or Apalachen [a.paˈla.tʃɛn]. The name was soon altered by the Spanish to Apalachee and used as a name for the tribe and region spreading well inland to the north. Pánfilo de Narváez's expedition first entered Apalachee territory on June 15, 1528, and applied the name. Now spelled "Appalachian," it is the fourth-oldest surviving European place-name in the US.

Question: what is the first descriptive direction mentioned?
Answer: inland

Question: Origin of the word Appalachian
Answer: Apalchen or Apalachen

Question: who is the last traveler mentioned?
Answer: Pánfilo de Narváez's

Question: What was the name of Appalachian before it was Appalachian?
Answer: Apalachee

Question: what is the last nation mentioned?
Answer: US

Question: Who was originally part of naming the fourth-oldest survuving European place name in the US?
Answer: members of the Narváez expedition, including Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

Question: What the name of the village was before it was changed to by the explorers
Answer: Apalchen or Apalachen

Question: What was the original name of the fourth-oldest surviving European place name in the US?
Answer: Apalchen or Apalachen

Question: Who named the village Apalchen
Answer: Native American

Question: What was the original name of Appalachian?
Answer: Apalchen or Apalachen

Question: The word Appalachian comes from a word for a villiage originally found where?
Answer: near present-day Tallahassee, Florida

Question: what is the last group mentioned?
Answer: Apalachee

Question: what is the first area mentioned?
Answer: northern coast of Florida
Appalachian_Mountains

In eastern Pennsylvania the Great Appalachian Valley, or Great Valley, was accessible by reason of a broad gateway between the end of South Mountain and the Highlands, and many Germans and Moravians settled here between the Susquehanna and Delaware Rivers forming the Pennsylvania Dutch community, some of whom even now speak a unique American dialect of German known as the "Pennsylvania German language" or "Pennsylvania Dutch." These latecomers to the New World were forced to the frontier to find cheap land. With their followers of both German, English and Scots-Irish origin, they worked their way southward and soon occupied all of the Shenandoah Valley, ceded by the Iroquois, and the upper reaches of the Great Valley tributaries of the Tennessee River, ceded by the Cherokee.

Question: From whom do those who speak Pennsylvania Dutch originally descend?
Answer: Germans and Moravians

Question: What Indian tribe is mentioned that starts with a C?
Answer: Cherokee

Question: What interesting language is spoken in this community?
Answer: Pennsylvania Dutch

Question: What area that many descendants and followers of the Germans and Moravians settled in once belonged to the Cherokee?
Answer: the upper reaches of the Great Valley tributaries of the Tennessee River

Question: To what area did the settlers spread after beginning in the Great Appalachian Valley?
Answer: Shenandoah Valley

Question: What was the community seeking as it expanded southward?
Answer: cheap land

Question: What geographic features can be found here?
Answer: Great Appalachian Valley

Question: What group of people can you find here?
Answer: Germans and Moravians

Question: What country is mentioned that starts with a G?
Answer: German

Question: What country is mentioned that starts with an I?
Answer: Irish

Question: Where did these people finally settle?
Answer: the upper reaches of the Great Valley tributaries of the Tennessee River

Question: Where did the native americans live that they handed it over?
Answer: upper reaches of the Great Valley tributaries of the Tennessee River

Question: What is the shortest term used to refer to the dialect used by the group?
Answer: Pennsylvania Dutch

Question: What is at the terminus of the trail?
Answer: the end of South Mountain and the Highlands

Question: What was a different name for the people?
Answer: Pennsylvania German
Appalachian_Mountains

Mountains of the Long Range in Newfoundland reach heights of nearly 3,000 ft (900 m). In the Chic-Choc and Notre Dame mountain ranges in Quebec, the higher summits rise to about 4,000 ft (1,200 m) elevation. Isolated peaks and small ranges in Nova Scotia and New Brunswick vary from 1,000 to 2,700 ft (300 to 800 m). In Maine several peaks exceed 4,000 ft (1,200 m), including Mount Katahdin at 5,267 feet (1,605 m). In New Hampshire, many summits rise above 5,000 ft (1,500 m), including Mount Washington in the White Mountains at 6,288 ft (1,917 m), Adams at 5,771 ft (1,759 m), Jefferson at 5,712 ft (1,741 m), Monroe at 5,380 ft (1,640 m), Madison at 5,367 ft (1,636 m), Lafayette at 5,249 feet (1,600 m), and Lincoln at 5,089 ft (1,551 m). In the Green Mountains the highest point, Mt. Mansfield, is 4,393 ft (1,339 m) in elevation; others include Killington Peak at 4,226 ft (1,288 m), Camel's Hump at 4,083 ft (1,244 m), Mt. Abraham at 4,006 ft (1,221 m), and a number of other heights exceeding 3,000 ft (900 m).

Question: Who has the highest mountains outside of the US?
Answer: Quebec

Question: Where is the summit of Adams?
Answer: New Hampshire

Question: What is a New Hampshire mountain range?
Answer: White Mountains

Question: What is the tallest mountain?
Answer: Mount Washington

Question: Where are the Green Mountains?
Answer: New Hampshire

Question: What is a New Hampshire mountain named after the first president?
Answer: Mount Washington

Question: What states have mountains similar in size to New Hampshire's?
Answer: Maine

Question: Where is Mt. Abraham?
Answer: New Hampshire

Question: What state has the tallest peak?
Answer: New Hampshire

Question: Where is the summit of Monroe?
Answer: New Hampshire

Question: Where is Camel's Hump?
Answer: New Hampshire

Question: Which mountain has the lowest peak?
Answer: Mt. Abraham
Chihuahua_(state)

During the American occupation of the state, the number of Indian attacks was drastically reduced, but in 1848 the attacks resumed to such a degree that the Mexican officials had no choice but to resume military projects to protect Mexican settlements in the state. Through the next three decades the state faced constant attacks from indigenous on Mexican settlements. After the occupation the people of the state were worried about the potential attack from the hostile indigenous tribes north of the Rio Grande; as a result a decree on July 19, 1848, the state established 18 military colonies along the Rio Grande. The new military colonies were to replace the presidios as population centers to prevent future invasions by indigenous tribes; these policies remained prominent in the state until 1883. Eventually the state replaced the old state security with a state policy to form militias organized with every Mexican in the state capable to serve between the ages of 18 and 55 to fulfill the mandate of having six men defending for every 1000 residents.

Question: What did those in political power do to keep the residential areas safe?
Answer: resume military projects

Question: Why did Mexico think it was necessary to have six men defending for every 1000 residents?
Answer: Indian attacks

Question: Rio Grande is known as Rio Bravo in __
Answer: Mexican

Question: How many years could you have to be in the military?
Answer: between the ages of 18 and 55

Question: Which government did NOT form mandatory militias, American or Mexican?
Answer: American

Question: In 2001, __ was blocked by a sandbar.
Answer: Rio Grande

Question: Who was helping out?
Answer: American

Question: Who was being violent and charging?
Answer: Indian

Question: What was the attitude of the people towards the attacks?
Answer: worried

Question: __ marked the disputed Texas border at the Nueces River.
Answer: Mexican

Question: Which came earlier, the military colonies or the presidios?
Answer: presidios
Chihuahua_(state)

The situation became so tense that war with the United States seemed imminent. On April 22, 1914, on the initiative of Felix A. Sommerfeld and Sherburne Hopkins, Pancho Villa traveled to Juárez to calm fears along the border and asked President Wilson's emissary George Carothers to tell "Señor Wilson" that he had no problems with the American occupation of Veracruz. Carothers wrote to Secretary William Jennings Bryan: "As far as he was concerned we could keep Vera Cruz [sic] and hold it so tight that not even water could get in to Huerta and . . . he could not feel any resentment". Whether trying to please the U.S. government or through the diplomatic efforts of Sommerfeld and Carothers, or maybe as a result of both, Villa stepped out from under Carranza’s stated foreign policy.

Question: __ was his parents' fourth child.
Answer: William Jennings Bryan

Question: Who represented the leader of the United States in 1914?
Answer: George Carothers

Question: To whom did Villa request a message be delivered to?
Answer: President Wilson

Question: Who did Villa ultimately want to communicate his message to?
Answer: President Wilson

Question: What might happen if the US and Mexico were not able to resolve their problem?
Answer: war

Question: Who did George Carothers contact in the Wilson administration?
Answer: Secretary William Jennings Bryan

Question: What did Villa refer to the leader of the U.S. government as?
Answer: Señor Wilson

Question: __ was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1900.
Answer: William Jennings Bryan

Question: __ was an orator from Nebraska.
Answer: William Jennings Bryan

Question: What was Senor Wilson's job?
Answer: President
Chihuahua_(state)

President Juárez once again based his government in the state of Chihuahua and it served as the center for the resistance against the French invasion throughout Mexico. On March 25, 1866, a battle ensued in the Plaza de Armas in the center of Chihuahua City between the French imperial forces that were guarding the plaza and the Republican forces led by General Terrazas. Being completely caught off guard, the French imperial forces sought refuge by bunkering themselves in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Our Lady of Regla, and St Fancis of Assisi and made it almost impossible to penetrate their defenses. General Terrazas then decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs. The first cannon fired hit a bell in the tower of the church, instantly breaking it in half; soon after, 200 men of the imperial army forces surrendered. The republican forces had recovered control over the state capital. The bell in the church was declared a historical monument and can be seen today in the Cathedral. By April 1866, the state government had established a vital trading route from Chihuahua City to San Antonio, Texas; the government began to replenish their supplies and reinforce their fight against the Imperial forces.

Question: What were the French doing with the Mexican forces attacked?
Answer: guarding the plaza

Question: What encouraged the imperial army surrender?
Answer: General Terrazas then decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs

Question: Why did the French hide from the Mexican forces?
Answer: Being completely caught off guard

Question: Why did the imperial army surrender?
Answer: General Terrazas then decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs

Question: Where did President Juarez use as the center of his resistance?
Answer: Chihuahua

Question: What US city was used as a supply depot after the battle?
Answer: San Antonio

Question: What were General Terrazas military known as?
Answer: republican forces

Question: Where did the French hide on March 25, 1866?
Answer: Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Our Lady of Regla, and St Fancis of Assisi

Question: What were the Mexican soldiers forced to hit when the French hid in it?
Answer: church

Question: Where was the Cathedral of the Holy Cross located.
Answer: Chihuahua City

Question: What prompted surrender from the imperial army?
Answer: General Terrazas then decided to fire a heavy artillery barrage with 8 kg cannonballs
Chihuahua_(state)

Villa and Carranza had different political goals causing Villa to become an enemy of Carranza. After Carranza took control in 1914, Villa and other revolutionaries who opposed him met at what was called the Convention of Aguascalientes. The convention deposed Carranza in favor of Eulalio Gutiérrez. In the winter of 1914 Villa's and Zapata's troops entered and occupied Mexico City. Villa was forced from the city in early 1915 and attacked the forces of Gen. Obregón at the Battle of Celaya and was badly defeated in the bloodiest battle of the revolution, with thousands dead. With the defeat of Villa, Carranza seized power. A short time later the United States recognized Carranza as president of Mexico. Even though Villa's forces were badly depleted by his loss at Celaya, he continued his fight against the Carranza government. Finally, in 1920, Obregón—who had defeated him at Celaya—finally reached an agreement with Villa end his rebellion.

Question: What happened after Obregon was victorious in the 1915 battle?
Answer: Carranza seized power

Question: What was the political consequence of Obregon wining the Battle of Celaya?
Answer: the United States recognized Carranza as president of Mexico

Question: Who did Villa negotiate with to end his rebellion?
Answer: Obregón

Question: When Carranza and Villa become rivals with each other
Answer: 1914

Question: Carranza faced insurgent behavior from who?
Answer: Villa

Question: When did Eulalio Giuterrez replace Carranza?
Answer: Convention of Aguascalientes

Question: Villa was a member of the?
Answer: revolutionaries

Question: When did Villa siffer a major defeat?
Answer: Battle of Celaya

Question: Revolutionaries engaged in a what general activity?
Answer: rebellion
Chihuahua_(state)

The state is also a host to a large population of birds which include endemic species and migratory species: greater roadrunner Geococcyx californianus, cactus wren Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus, Mexican jay Aphelocoma ultramarina, Steller's jay Cyanocitta stelleri, acorn woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus, canyon towhee Pipilo fuscus, mourning dove Zenaida macroura, broad-billed hummingbird Cynanthus latirostris, Montezuma quail Cyrtonyx montezumae, mountain trogon Trogon mexicanus, turkey vulture Cathartes aura, and golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos. Trogon mexicanus is an endemic species found in the mountains in Mexico; it is considered an endangered species[citation needed] and has symbolic significance to Mexicans.

Question: A cactus wren is a?
Answer: birds

Question: Why is Trogon mexicanus important to Mexico?
Answer: endangered species

Question: How are non-migratory birds called?
Answer: endemic species

Question: Which bird can outrace a human?
Answer: greater roadrunner Geococcyx californianus

Question: A greater roadrunner is a?
Answer: birds

Question: A jay is a?
Answer: birds

Question: Which bird is decreasing in number?
Answer: Trogon mexicanus

Question: What is Geococcyx californianus?
Answer: birds

Question: What is Mexican jay Aphelocoma ultramarina?
Answer: birds

Question: What is cactus wren Campylorhynchus brunneicapillus?
Answer: birds

Question: Which bird is non-migratory?
Answer: Trogon mexicanus

Question: What is woodpecker Melanerpes formicivorus?
Answer: birds

Question: What is Steller's jay Cyanocitta stelleri?
Answer: birds