UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Umayyad_Caliphate

After the assassination of Uthman in 656, Ali, a member of the Quraysh tribe and the cousin and son-in-law of Muhammad, was elected as the caliph. He soon met with resistance from several factions, owing to his relative political inexperience. Ali moved his capital from Medina to Kufa. The resulting conflict, which lasted from 656 until 661, is known as the First Fitna ("civil war"). Muawiyah I, the governor of Syria, a relative of Uthman ibn al-Affan and Marwan I, wanted the culprits arrested. Marwan I manipulated everyone and created conflict. Aisha, the wife of Muhammad, and Talhah and Al-Zubayr, two of the companions of Muhammad, went to Basra to tell Ali to arrest the culprits who murdered Uthman. Marwan I and other people who wanted conflict manipulated everyone to fight. The two sides clashed at the Battle of the Camel in 656, where Ali won a decisive victory.

Question: Who was Ali?
Answer: caliph

Question: First Fitna started when?
Answer: Ali moved his capital

Question: What happened after Ali was elected caliph?
Answer: First Fitna

Question: What did Marwan I manipulation cause?
Answer: Battle of the Camel

Question: When did Ali become caliph (not just the year)?
Answer: After the assassination of Uthman in 656

Question: Muhammad is related to?
Answer: Ali

Question: Everyone fought over how Marwan I created conflicts and ended up fighting each other when?
Answer: 656

Question: How many factions were in the conflict named after an animal in the article?
Answer: two sides

Question: Who was trying to manipulate and get the culprits arrested?
Answer: Aisha, the wife of Muhammad, and Talhah and Al-Zubayr

Question: Ali learned about the conspirators behind Uthman's assassination in?
Answer: Basra

Question: How did Ali become the caliph?
Answer: elected

Question: Ali is related to?
Answer: Muhammad

Question: What was the reason for the created conflict?
Answer: manipulated everyone to fight
Umayyad_Caliphate

However many early history books like the Islamic Conquest of Syria Fatuhusham by al-Imam al-Waqidi state that after the conversion to Islam Muawiyah's father Abu Sufyan ibn Harb and his brothers Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan were appointed as commanders in the Muslim armies by Muhammad. Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan and Hind bint Utbah fought in the Battle of Yarmouk. The defeat of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius at the Battle of Yarmouk opened the way for the Muslim expansion into Jerusalem and Syria.

Question: Who was in charge of the Muslim armies?
Answer: Muhammad

Question: Which culture penetrated into Jerusalem and Syria after the Battle of Yarmouk?
Answer: Islam

Question: Who was the first Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate?
Answer: Muawiyah

Question: Who facilitated Muslim expansion?
Answer: Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan and Hind bint Utbah

Question: Who contributed to Muslim expansion?
Answer: Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan and Hind bint Utbah

Question: Who were the conquerors of the Byzantine Emperor Heraclius?
Answer: Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan and Hind bint Utbah

Question: Who helped drive the growth of Muslim influence?
Answer: Muawiyah, Abu Sufyan ibn Harb, Yazid ibn Abi Sufyan and Hind bint Utbah
Sanskrit

Samskrita Bharati is an organisation working for Sanskrit revival. The "All-India Sanskrit Festival" (since 2002) holds composition contests. The 1991 Indian census reported 49,736 fluent speakers of Sanskrit. Sanskrit learning programmes also feature on the lists of most AIR broadcasting centres. The Mattur village in central Karnataka claims to have native speakers of Sanskrit among its population. Inhabitants of all castes learn Sanskrit starting in childhood and converse in the language. Even the local Muslims converse in Sanskrit. Historically, the village was given by king Krishnadevaraya of the Vijayanagara Empire to Vedic scholars and their families, while people in his kingdom spoke Kannada and Telugu. Another effort concentrates on preserving and passing along the oral tradition of the Vedas, www.shrivedabharathi.in is one such organisation based out of Hyderabad that has been digitising the Vedas by recording recitations of Vedic Pandits.

Question: what region is mentioned first?
Answer: India

Question: Scholars that studies and understand Hindu philosophy and religion are called?
Answer: Pandits

Question: what time period is mentioned second?
Answer: 1991

Question: What is one group that learns Sanskrit in Karnataka?
Answer: local Muslims

Question: What is one way Sanskrit is being preserved by an organization in Hyderabad?
Answer: preserving and passing along the oral tradition of the Vedas

Question: In what country are there native Sanskrit speakers?
Answer: India

Question: Where can digitized versions of Vedas be found?
Answer: www.shrivedabharathi.in

Question: what way of communicating is mentioned first?
Answer: Sanskrit

Question: what group is mentioned last?
Answer: Vedic Pandits

Question: Vedic sanskrit scriptures or texts are referred to as what?
Answer: Vedas

Question: what is the first group mentioned?
Answer: Samskrita Bharati

Question: An early form of Sanskrit is?
Answer: Vedic

Question: The capital of Telangana is in what country?
Answer: India

Question: Pandits are able to read and understand which general Hindu language?
Answer: Sanskrit
Sanskrit

Sanskrit has also influenced Sino-Tibetan languages through the spread of Buddhist texts in translation. Buddhism was spread to China by Mahayana missionaries sent by Ashoka, mostly through translations of Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit. Many terms were transliterated directly and added to the Chinese vocabulary. Chinese words like 剎那 chànà (Devanagari: क्षण kṣaṇa 'instantaneous period') were borrowed from Sanskrit. Many Sanskrit texts survive only in Tibetan collections of commentaries to the Buddhist teachings, the Tengyur.

Question: What happened to Buddhists texts in Sino-Tibetan languages?
Answer: transliterated directly and added to the Chinese

Question: What is the body of Chinese words called?
Answer: vocabulary

Question: If you were looking up the word chana in the middle of India, what would you say?
Answer: ण kṣaṇa

Question: What is the Tengyur?
Answer: commentaries

Question: If you wanted describe ksana in downtown Beijing, what would you say?
Answer: 剎那 chànà

Question: Of Chinese and Buddhism, which is a language?
Answer: Chinese

Question: Of Sino-Tebetan and Buddhism, which is not a language?
Answer: Buddhism

Question: Of Ashoka and Sanskrit, which one sent missionaries to China?
Answer: Ashoka

Question: If you wanted to find some Sanskrit texts, where would you best looking?
Answer: Tibetan collections

Question: What language is the Tengyur in?
Answer: Sanskrit
Sanskrit

In order to explain the common features shared by Sanskrit and other Indo-European languages, many scholars have proposed the Indo-Aryan migration theory, asserting that the original speakers of what became Sanskrit arrived in what is now India and Pakistan from the north-west some time during the early second millennium BCE. Evidence for such a theory includes the close relationship between the Indo-Iranian tongues and the Baltic and Slavic languages, vocabulary exchange with the non-Indo-European Uralic languages, and the nature of the attested Indo-European words for flora and fauna.

Question: How did Sanskrit become established in the areas of Pakistan and India?
Answer: Indo-Aryan migration

Question: Which of the following is not one of the Indo-European words that support a close relationship between the Indo-Iranian and Baltic and Slavic languages: flora, fauna, or early?
Answer: early

Question: The evidence of a shared background between Sanskrit and Indo-European languages can be found in what examples?
Answer: flora and fauna

Question: Did these events take place during the BCE or CE eras?
Answer: BCE

Question: Baltic languages can be found in which general area?
Answer: European

Question: Which languages exchanged vocabulary with non-Indo-European Uralic languages?
Answer: Indo-Iranian tongues

Question: The words fauna and flora can be traced to the roots of what language?
Answer: Sanskrit

Question: Slavic languages can be found in which general area?
Answer: European
Sanskrit

Sanskrit (/ˈsænskrɪt/; Sanskrit: saṃskṛtam [səmskr̩t̪əm] or saṃskṛta, originally saṃskṛtā vāk, "refined speech") is the primary sacred language of Hinduism, a philosophical language in Buddhism, Hinduism, Sikhism and Jainism, and a literary language that was in use as a lingua franca in Greater India. It is a standardised dialect of Old Indo-Aryan, originating as Vedic Sanskrit and tracing its linguistic ancestry back to Proto-Indo-Iranian and Proto-Indo-European. Today it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand. As one of the oldest Indo-European languages for which substantial written documentation exists, Sanskrit holds a prominent position in Indo-European studies.

Question: Which country has a state in which Sanskrit is an official language?
Answer: India

Question: Which of the following is youngest, Proto-Indo-European, Sanskrit or Proto-Indo-Iranian?
Answer: Sanskrit

Question: What was the first mentioned location?
Answer: India

Question: WHat is fourth mentioned religion?
Answer: Jainism

Question: Which of the following is not a religion: Hinduism, Jainism, or Uttarakhand?
Answer: Uttarakhand

Question: Which educational ventures hold the language which means "refined speech" in very high regard?
Answer: Indo-European studies

Question: What is second mentioned religion?
Answer: Buddhism

Question: Whis religious practice considers the language which means "refined speech" to be sacred?
Answer: Hinduism

Question: Where would you find the state of Uttarakhand?
Answer: India
Bermuda

At the 2004 Summer Olympics, Bermuda competed in sailing, athletics, swimming, diving, triathlon and equestrian events. In those Olympics, Bermuda's Katura Horton-Perinchief made history by becoming the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games. Bermuda has had one Olympic medallist, Clarence Hill, who won a bronze medal in boxing. Bermuda also competed in Men's Skeleton at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Patrick Singleton placed 19th, with a final time of 1:59.81. Jillian Teceira competed in the Beijing Olympics in 2008. It is tradition for Bermuda to march in the Opening Ceremony in Bermuda shorts, regardless of the summer or winter Olympic celebration. Bermuda also competes in the biennial Island Games, which it hosted in 2013.

Question: What is done outside an arena?
Answer: sailing

Question: Hill barely made the podium with this medal standing?
Answer: bronze

Question: What do the members of the Bermuda Olympic team wear while marching in the Winter Olympics Opening Ceremony?
Answer: Bermuda shorts

Question: On which team was the first black female diver to compete in the Olympic Games?
Answer: Bermuda

Question: If the six disciplines that Bermuda competed in in the 2004 Summer Olympics  were to be put in alphabetic order in English what would be the last event listed?
Answer: triathlon

Question: Which sport requires a silent partner?
Answer: equestrian events

Question: Which Olympic Games occurred four years after Bermuda hosted?
Answer: Beijing Olympics in 2008

Question: In what year did Patrick Singleton place 19th in Men's Skeleton?
Answer: 2006

Question: What is Horton-Perinchief's gender?
Answer: female

Question: What is Horton-Perinchief's race?
Answer: black

Question: Bermuda competed in six disciplines in the 2004 Olympic Games, if they were to be put in alphabetic order what would be the first discipline listed?
Answer: athletics

Question: Which sport involves a vet?
Answer: equestrian events

Question: Where were the Summer Olympics held four years prior to Beijing's hosting?
Answer: Bermuda
Bermuda

In May 1940, the US requested base rights in Bermuda from the United Kingdom, but British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was initially unwilling to accede to the American request without getting something in return. In September 1940, as part of the Destroyers for Bases Agreement, the UK granted the US base rights in Bermuda. Bermuda and Newfoundland were not originally included in the agreement, but both were added to it, with no war material received by the UK in exchange. One of the terms of the agreement was that the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK (which it was for the duration of the war, with RAF Transport Command relocating there from Darrell's Island in 1943).

Question: What were transferred from the US Navy in exchange for land rights on British possessions?
Answer: Destroyers

Question: Who ruled Newfoundland?
Answer: the United Kingdom

Question: What was avoided by the Destroyers for Bases Agreement?
Answer: war

Question: Base rights to Bermuda and eventually Newfoundland were given to the US by what country?
Answer: UK

Question: What was agreed when Bermuda and Newfoundland were added?
Answer: airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK

Question: What branch of the US military actually built the Bermudan air base?
Answer: Army

Question: Who was given permission to use Bermudan air bases during World War 2?
Answer: US

Question: Who negotiated more favorable terms on behalf of the UK in the Destroyers For Bases Agreement?
Answer: Churchill

Question: Who were the parties to the Destroyers for Bases Agreement?
Answer: the US and the UK

Question: What gave the US base rights in Bermuda?
Answer: Destroyers for Bases Agreement

Question: What did the UK get for acceding to American request for base rights in Bermuda?
Answer: the airfield the US Army built would be used jointly by the US and the UK

Question: When was the airfield used?
Answer: duration of the war

Question: Aside from the US, who was allowed access to Bermudan air bases during World War 2?
Answer: UK
Bermuda

The archipelago is formed by high points on the rim of the caldera of a submarine volcano that forms a seamount. The volcano is one part of a range that was formed as part of the same process that formed the floor of the Atlantic, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. The top of the seamount has gone through periods of complete submergence, during which its limestone cap was formed by marine organisms, and during the Ice Ages the entire caldera was above sea level, forming an island of approximately two hundred square miles.

Question: How did the land come to be?
Answer: a submarine volcano

Question: What formation in the Atlantic was made in the same way as the volcano mentioned?
Answer: Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Question: Where is it?
Answer: the Atlantic

Question: How is the bottom of the Atlantic comparable to the volcano?
Answer: formed as part of the same process

Question: How was it formed?
Answer: formed by high points on the rim of the caldera of a submarine volcano

Question: What is an underwater volcano called?
Answer: submarine volcano

Question: What did it form?
Answer: The archipelago

Question: It is similar to what?
Answer: the same process that formed the floor of the Atlantic, and the Mid-Atlantic Ridge

Question: When a volcano emerges above land it is referred to as what?
Answer: caldera

Question: What was the location of the kind of living creatures mentioned?
Answer: The top of the seamount

Question: What manifests on the border of the volcano?
Answer: The archipelago

Question: What is the most dangerous area of a volcano?
Answer: caldera
Bermuda

Construction began in 1941 of two airbases consisting of 5.8 km2 (2.2 sq mi) of land, largely reclaimed from the sea. For many years, Bermuda's bases were used by US Air Force transport and refuelling aircraft and by US Navy aircraft patrolling the Atlantic for enemy submarines, first German and, later, Soviet. The principal installation, Kindley Air Force Base on the eastern coast, was transferred to the US Navy in 1970 and redesignated Naval Air Station Bermuda. As a naval air station, the base continued to host both transient and deployed USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force and Canadian Forces aircraft.

Question: Who were the US Navy looking for?
Answer: enemy submarines

Question: What are the acronyms of the branches who used the two airbases?
Answer: USN and USAF

Question: Who hosted USN and USAF aircrafts?
Answer: Naval Air Station Bermuda

Question: What became the new title of the air force base in 1970?
Answer: Naval Air Station Bermuda

Question: Who's bases were used for refuelling?
Answer: Bermuda's bases

Question: Who last used the two airbases that began construction in 1941?
Answer: USN and USAF aircraft, as well as transitioning or deployed Royal Air Force

Question: What happened in the 41st year of the 20th century?
Answer: Construction began

Question: Whose submarines, between the Germans and Soviets, were the Bermuda bases LATER used to look out for?
Answer: Soviet

Question: Whose submarines, between the Germans and Soviets, were the Bermuda bases first used to look out for?
Answer: German

Question: Who was the final enemy that were being patrolled for?
Answer: Soviet

Question: What happened in the 71st year of the 1900's?
Answer: The principal installation, Kindley Air Force Base on the eastern coast, was transferred to the US Navy

Question: Where was the base used?
Answer: Bermuda
Bermuda

Despite the small land mass, place names are repeated; there are, for example, two islands named Long Island, three bays named Long Bay (on Somerset, Main, and Cooper's islands), two Horseshoe Bays (one in Southampton, on the Main Island, the other at Morgan's Point, formerly Tucker's Island), there are two roads through cuttings called Khyber Pass (one in Warwick, the other in St. George's Parish), and St George's Town is located on St George's Island within St George's Parish (each known as St George's). There is a Hamilton Parish in addition to the City of Hamilton (which is in Pembroke Parish).

Question: what types of bodies of water are first mentioned?
Answer: bays

Question: Are there less bays with the same name or less roads with the same name?
Answer: roads

Question: what types of land formations are mentioned first?
Answer: islands

Question: what area is mentioned third to last?
Answer: Hamilton Parish

Question: What is the place name where a duplicate road passes through a triplicate place name?
Answer: St. George's Parish

Question: what area is mentioned second to last?
Answer: City of Hamilton

Question: Which of the three place names that are named after St. George starts with a vowel?
Answer: Island

Question: what area is mentioned last?
Answer: Pembroke Parish

Question: Are there less islands whose names are the same or less bays whose names are the same?
Answer: islands
Bermuda

In 1970 the country switched its currency from the Bermudian pound to the Bermudian dollar, which is pegged at par with the US dollar. US notes and coins are used interchangeably with Bermudian notes and coins within the islands for most practical purposes; however, banks levy an exchange rate fee for the purchase of US dollars with Bermudian dollars. Bermudian notes carry the image of Queen Elizabeth II. The Bermuda Monetary Authority is the issuing authority for all banknotes and coins, and regulates financial institutions. The Royal Naval Dockyard Museum holds a permanent exhibition of Bermuda notes and coins.

Question: The profile on the Bermudian dollar belongs to what figure?
Answer: Queen Elizabeth II

Question: What currency did Bermuda used to use?
Answer: pound

Question: Where can Bermuda residents and visitors go to see the same types of Bermuda currency issued to financial institutions?
Answer: Royal Naval Dockyard Museum

Question: Which currency is Bermuda's equivalent to?
Answer: US

Question: What type of currency did Bermuda used to use?
Answer: pound

Question: What does the monarch lend to the money?
Answer: image

Question: Before 1970, what did Bermudians use to make their purchases?
Answer: Bermudian pound

Question: What money did Bermuda used to use?
Answer: pound

Question: What type of building houses money from Bermuda?
Answer: Museum

Question: Under what sort of circumstances can one use either Bermudian or US dollars?
Answer: for most practical purposes

Question: If a buyer in Bermuda had no Bermudian dollars, what might they use to buy goods?
Answer: US notes and coins

Question: What type of money did Bermuda used to use?
Answer: pound

Question: Running on par with the US dollar, the Bermudian dollar takes the place of what?
Answer: pound
Bermuda

Bermuda is a group of low-forming volcanoes located in the Atlantic Ocean, near the western edge of the Sargasso Sea, roughly 578 nautical miles (1,070 km (665 mi)) east-southeast of Cape Hatteras on the Outer Banks of North Carolina and about 594 nautical miles (1,100 km (684 mi)) southeast of Martha's Vineyard of Massachusetts. It is 898 nautical miles (1,664 km (1,034 mi)) northeast of Miami, Florida, and 667 nautical miles (1,236 km (768 mi)) from Cape Sable Island, in Nova Scotia, Canada. The islands lie due east of Fripp Island, South Carolina, west of Portugal and north of Puerto Rico.

Question: what province is mentioned last?
Answer: Nova Scotia

Question: What is the distance between Bermuda and Martha's Vineyard in regular miles, not nautical miles?
Answer: 684

Question: Which location is farther away from Bermuda, Miami, Florida or Cape Sable Island?
Answer: Miami, Florida

Question: How many miles is equivalent to 594 nautical miles?
Answer: 684

Question: What is the distance between Bermuda and Cape Sable Island in regular miles, not nautical miles?
Answer: 768

Question: What is the distance between Bermuda and Miami, Florida in regular miles, not nautical miles?
Answer: 1,034

Question: what commonwealth is mentioned?
Answer: Massachusetts

Question: which Carolina is mentioned last?
Answer: South

Question: Which location is closer to Bermuda, Martha's Vineyard or Miami, Florida?
Answer: Martha's Vineyard

Question: How many km is 594 nautical miles?
Answer: 1,100

Question: Is Bermuda farther away from Miami, Florida or Cape Sable Island?
Answer: Miami, Florida

Question: what is the first body of water mentioned?
Answer: Atlantic Ocean

Question: What is the distance between Bermuda and Cape Hatteras on the Outer Banks of North Carolina in regular miles, not nautical miles?
Answer: 665

Question: what island community of the northern commonwealth is mentioned?
Answer: Martha's Vineyard