UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Culture

Matthew Arnold contrasted "culture" with anarchy; other Europeans, following philosophers Thomas Hobbes and Jean-Jacques Rousseau, contrasted "culture" with "the state of nature". According to Hobbes and Rousseau, the Native Americans who were being conquered by Europeans from the 16th centuries on were living in a state of nature; this opposition was expressed through the contrast between "civilized" and "uncivilized." According to this way of thinking, one could classify some countries and nations as more civilized than others and some people as more cultured than others. This contrast led to Herbert Spencer's theory of Social Darwinism and Lewis Henry Morgan's theory of cultural evolution. Just as some critics have argued that the distinction between high and low cultures is really an expression of the conflict between European elites and non-elites, some critics have argued that the distinction between civilized and uncivilized people is really an expression of the conflict between European colonial powers and their colonial subjects.

Question: Which is not a theory: social darwinism, colonial subjects, cultural evolution?
Answer: colonial subjects

Question: What was the ultimate result of comparing culture and nature?
Answer: one could classify some countries and nations as more civilized than others and some people as more cultured than others

Question: Which philosopher has a hyphen in his name?
Answer: Rousseau

Question: Which is a philosopher: Native Americans, Rousseau, or non-elites?
Answer: Rousseau

Question: What did Arnold and Hobbes both have in their contrast pair?
Answer: culture

Question: Under his own theory, what would Spencer have considered himself to be?
Answer: civilized

Question: Which is not a person: Spencer, European, or Hobbes?
Answer: European

Question: Who came up with a variation of evolutionary theory named for a famous scientist?
Answer: Herbert Spencer

Question: What is the parallel between high and low cultures?
Answer: civilized and uncivilized people
Culture

Scholars in the United Kingdom and the United States developed somewhat different versions of cultural studies after the late 1970s. The British version of cultural studies had originated in the 1950s and 1960s, mainly under the influence first of Richard Hoggart, E. P. Thompson, and Raymond Williams, and later that of Stuart Hall and others at the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies at the University of Birmingham. This included overtly political, left-wing views, and criticisms of popular culture as "capitalist" mass culture; it absorbed some of the ideas of the Frankfurt School critique of the "culture industry" (i.e. mass culture). This emerges in the writings of early British cultural-studies scholars and their influences: see the work of (for example) Raymond Williams, Stuart Hall, Paul Willis, and Paul Gilroy.

Question: The Kingdom and the States are both?
Answer: United

Question: Left-wing ideas were against what economic structure?
Answer: capitalist

Question: whose version of cultural studies criticized popular culture as capitalist
Answer: The British version

Question: when did the united kingdom develop thier cultural studies
Answer: 1950s and 1960s

Question: what country is the university of birmingham located
Answer: United Kingdom
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

Murdoch found he had such a rapport with Larry Lamb over lunch that other potential recruits as editor were not interviewed and Lamb was appointed as the first editor of the new Sun. He was scathing in his opinion of the Mirror, where he had recently been employed as a senior sub-editor, and shared Murdoch's view that a paper's quality was best measured by its sales, and he regarded the Mirror as overstaffed, and primarily aimed at an ageing readership. Lamb hastily recruited a staff of about 125 reporters, who were mostly selected for their availability rather than their ability.

Question: who opted for availability?
Answer: Lamb

Question: Who did the first editor of the Sun view the Mirror's targeted audience as?
Answer: ageing readership

Question: What is the name of the paper in this passage?
Answer: the new Sun

Question: whose view?
Answer: Murdoch

Question: Lamb has who to thank for his job as editor?
Answer: Murdoch

Question: Who shared Murdoch's view of how best to judge the quality of a paper?
Answer: Lamb

Question: For whom were the 125 new reporters hired?
Answer: the new Sun

Question: lamb was?
Answer: senior sub-editor

Question: what is the first word in the second paragraph?
Answer: was

Question: Who had been employed by the Mirror?
Answer: Lamb

Question: Why were other recruits not interviewed?
Answer: rapport with Larry Lamb

Question: Lamb moved from the Mirror to which paper?
Answer: the new Sun
The_Sun_(United_Kingdom)

Sex was used as an important element in the content and marketing the paper from the start, which Lamb believed was the most important part of his readers' lives. The first topless Page 3 model appeared on 17 November 1970, German-born Stephanie Rahn; she was tagged as a "Birthday Suit Girl" to mark the first anniversary of the relaunched Sun. A topless Page 3 model gradually became a regular fixture, and with increasingly risqué poses. Both feminists and many cultural conservatives saw the pictures as pornographic and misogynistic. Lamb expressed some regret at introducing the feature, although denied it was sexist. A Conservative council in Sowerby Bridge, Yorkshire, was the first to ban the paper from its public library, shortly after Page 3 began, because of its excessive sexual content. This decision was reversed after a sustained campaign by the newspaper itself lasting 16 months, and the election of a Labour-led council in 1971.

Question: What was the result of Lamb's decision?
Answer: Both feminists and many cultural conservatives saw the pictures as pornographic and misogynistic

Question: How did the government react?
Answer: A Conservative council in Sowerby Bridge, Yorkshire, was the first to ban the paper from its public library, shortly after Page 3 began, because of its excessive sexual content

Question: What happened to the third page of the paper after the first anniversary publication?
Answer: A topless Page 3 model gradually became a regular fixture, and with increasingly risqué poses

Question: What was banned in Yorkshire because of its sexual content?
Answer: the relaunched Sun

Question: Which paper had sex as its selling point?
Answer: Sun

Question: Why did the marketing differ?
Answer: Lamb believed was the most important part of his readers' lives

Question: How did the change work?
Answer: The first topless Page 3 model appeared on 17 November 1970, German-born Stephanie Rahn; she was tagged as a "Birthday Suit Girl" to mark the first anniversary of the relaunched Sun

Question: Where did the first lady to appear on the third page of the Sun originate from?
Answer: German-born

Question: What was the result?
Answer: Lamb expressed some regret at introducing the feature, although denied it was sexist

Question: How did Lamb feel about Page 3?
Answer: some regret at introducing the feature, although denied it was sexist
Computer_security

Desktop computers and laptops are commonly infected with malware either to gather passwords or financial account information, or to construct a botnet to attack another target. Smart phones, tablet computers, smart watches, and other mobile devices such as Quantified Self devices like activity trackers have also become targets and many of these have sensors such as cameras, microphones, GPS receivers, compasses, and accelerometers which could be exploited, and may collect personal information, including sensitive health information. Wifi, Bluetooth, and cell phone network on any of these devices could be used as attack vectors, and sensors might be remotely activated after a successful breach.

Question: Which of the following is not an example of a sensor: cameras, microphones, or financial account information?
Answer: financial account information

Question: Which of the following is not a mobile device: smart phones, activity trackers, or passwords?
Answer: passwords

Question: What needs securing?
Answer: passwords or financial account information

Question: What should be secured?
Answer: Wifi, Bluetooth, and cell phone network

Question: What are Quantified Self devices?
Answer: activity trackers

Question: Which of the following is not a possible attack vector: Bluetooth, cell phone network, or passwords?
Answer: passwords

Question: How has the hacking expanded?
Answer: Smart phones, tablet computers, smart watches, and other mobile devices such as Quantified Self devices like activity trackers have also become targets and many of these have sensors such as cameras, microphones, GPS receivers, compasses, and accelerometers which could be exploited, and may collect personal information, including sensitive health information

Question: What is malware regularly using to attack?
Answer: Desktop computers and laptops

Question: How does this attack a computeR?
Answer: gather passwords or financial account information

Question: How is the attack conducted?
Answer: construct a botnet to attack another target

Question: What are examples of Quantified Self gadgets?
Answer: cameras, microphones, GPS receivers, compasses, and accelerometers

Question: What is malware?
Answer: collect personal information

Question: Which of the following are not commonly infected with malware: laptops, desktop computers, or accelerometers?
Answer: accelerometers
Computer_security

In 2013 and 2014, a Russian/Ukrainian hacking ring known as "Rescator" broke into Target Corporation computers in 2013, stealing roughly 40 million credit cards, and then Home Depot computers in 2014, stealing between 53 and 56 million credit card numbers. Warnings were delivered at both corporations, but ignored; physical security breaches using self checkout machines are believed to have played a large role. "The malware utilized is absolutely unsophisticated and uninteresting," says Jim Walter, director of threat intelligence operations at security technology company McAfee – meaning that the heists could have easily been stopped by existing antivirus software had administrators responded to the warnings. The size of the thefts has resulted in major attention from state and Federal United States authorities and the investigation is ongoing.

Question: How refined is Rescator considered?
Answer: unsophisticated and uninteresting

Question: What allowed Rescator to succeed?
Answer: physical security breaches using self checkout machines

Question: What was a glaring error made by the companies spoken about?
Answer: Warnings were delivered at both corporations, but ignored

Question: How could Rescator be thwarted?
Answer: existing antivirus software

Question: In what state is the software that would have been needed to stop the attacks?
Answer: existing

Question: Which company was attacked first?
Answer: Target Corporation

Question: What was deemed too insignificant to act upon?
Answer: Warnings

Question: The takeaway from what Walter said is what?
Answer: In

Question: The larger hack followed the stealing of roughly 40 million credit cards in what year?
Answer: 2014

Question: What is the overall conclusion of the whole situation?
Answer: the investigation is ongoing

Question: What type of role did self checkouts play in the breaches?
Answer: large

Question: What is the main point of the passage?
Answer: resulted in major attention from state and Federal United States authorities and the investigation is ongoing
Computer_security

Computer security, also known as cybersecurity or IT security, is the protection of information systems from theft or damage to the hardware, the software, and to the information on them, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide. It includes controlling physical access to the hardware, as well as protecting against harm that may come via network access, data and code injection, and due to malpractice by operators, whether intentional, accidental, or due to them being tricked into deviating from secure procedures.

Question: What is guarded by cybersecurity?
Answer: information systems

Question: What protection does computer security provide to software?
Answer: disruption or misdirection of the services

Question: What can be injected into hardware besides code?
Answer: data

Question: Why might a law firm need cybersecurity?
Answer: protection of information systems from theft or damage to the hardware, the software, and to the information on them, as well as from disruption or misdirection of the services they provide

Question: What is a non physical thing that is put into hardware when cybersecurity is compromised?
Answer: data and code

Question: What does computer security prevent?
Answer: harm that may come via network access, data and code injection, and due to malpractice by operators

Question: What does computer security do?
Answer: controlling physical access to the hardware, as well as protecting against harm that may come via network access, data and code injection, and due to malpractice by operators

Question: What can be done to harm hardware?
Answer: theft or damage

Question: What is protected by cybersecurity?
Answer: hardware, the software, and to the information on them
Warsaw_Pact

The Warsaw Pact (formally, the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance, sometimes, informally WarPac, akin in format to NATO) was a collective defense treaty among Soviet Union and seven Soviet satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe in existence during the Cold War. The Warsaw Pact was the military complement to the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance (CoMEcon), the regional economic organization for the communist states of Central and Eastern Europe. The Warsaw Pact was created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the Paris Pacts of 1954, but it is also considered to have been motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe.

Question: What was the purported reasoning of Russia when they penned the Warsaw Pact?
Answer: created in reaction to the integration of West Germany into NATO in 1955 per the Paris Pacts of 1954

Question: Who had covert reasons for doing something?
Answer: Soviet Union

Question: Why else was the Warsaw pact formed?
Answer: motivated by Soviet desires to maintain control over military forces in Central and Eastern Europe

Question: What did the Soviets likely see as a threat?
Answer: the integration of West Germany into NATO

Question: What did the Warsaw pact go alongside with?
Answer: CoMEcon

Question: What was the Warsaw pact once called under NATO?
Answer: formally, the Treaty of Friendship, Co-operation, and Mutual Assistance, sometimes, informally WarPac

Question: When the communist Soviet Union was not friendly with Western Union, what did they fabricate
Answer: Warsaw Pact (formally

Question: What was created in France after World War II for Frances safety
Answer: Paris Pacts

Question: Why did the Soviets fabricate their cooperative union
Answer: integration of West Germany into NATO

Question: What can the Warsaw Pact be compared to
Answer: NATO

Question: What was the original establishment called that oversaw the financials of the Soviet controlled areas
Answer: CoMEcon
Canadian_football

There are many rules to contact in this type of football. First, the only player on the field who may be legally tackled is the player currently in possession of the football (the ball carrier). Second, a receiver, that is to say, an offensive player sent down the field to receive a pass, may not be interfered with (have his motion impeded, be blocked, etc.) unless he is within one yard of the line of scrimmage (instead of 5 yards (4.6 m) in American football). Any player may block another player's passage, so long as he does not hold or trip the player he intends to block. The kicker may not be contacted after the kick but before his kicking leg returns to the ground (this rule is not enforced upon a player who has blocked a kick), and the quarterback, having already thrown the ball, may not be hit or tackled.

Question: What factor allows any player to be targeted?
Answer: possession of the football

Question: __ is colloquially known as the "signal caller".
Answer: quarterback

Question: What exception is given in which a player would not be fouled for interference with a kicker?
Answer: a player who has blocked a kick

Question: __ touches the ball on almost every offensive play.
Answer: quarterback

Question: Certain actions are not permitted when a player interacts with a player that he what?
Answer: intends to block

Question: Which players can stop another player from getting through?
Answer: Any player

Question: __ is the offensive player that almost always throws forward passes.
Answer: quarterback

Question: According to the rules, what does a player need to remember if they want to block another player from getting through?
Answer: not hold or trip the player he intends to block

Question: Who is the only person who can hit the kicker at any time?
Answer: player who has blocked a kick

Question: What is used as the guide for actions permitted against a receiver?
Answer: line of scrimmage
Canadian_football

At the beginning of a match, an official tosses a coin and allows the captain of the visiting team call heads or tails. The captain of the team winning the coin toss is given the option of having first choice, or of deferring first choice to the other captain. The captain making first choice may either choose a) to kick off or receive the kick and the beginning of the half, or b) which direction of the field to play in. The remaining choice is given to the opposing captain. Before the resumption of play in the second half, the captain that did not have first choice in the first half is given first choice. Teams usually choose to defer, so it is typical for the team that wins the coin toss to kick to begin the first half and receive to begin the second.

Question: What are the options when you win a coin toss?
Answer: kick off or receive the kick and the beginning of the half, or b) which direction of the field to play in

Question: Which caption speaks during a coin toss?
Answer: captain of the visiting team

Question: What choice is made about the play of the ball after the coin toss?
Answer: to kick off or receive the kick

Question: What is the normal choice for the winner of the coin toss?
Answer: it is typical for the team that wins the coin toss to kick to begin the first half and receive to begin the second

Question: Who is given the choice in the second half of the game?
Answer: the captain that did not have first choice

Question: What are the choices the coin allows?
Answer: heads or tails

Question: What does the winning team usually do in the second half?
Answer: receive to begin the second

Question: When is the coin toss done?
Answer: beginning of a match

Question: What do captains of teams that win the coin toss usually choose?
Answer: defer

Question: Who gets to choose who gets first pick?
Answer: The captain of the team winning the coin toss

Question: Who is in charge of the tossing of the coin?
Answer: an official
Canadian_football

Penalties never result in a score for the offence. For example, a point-of-foul infraction committed by the defence in their end zone is not ruled a touchdown, but instead advances the ball to the one-yard line with an automatic first down. For a distance penalty, if the yardage is greater than half the distance to the goal line, then the ball is advanced half the distance to the goal line, though only up to the one-yard line (unlike American football, in Canadian football no scrimmage may start inside either one-yard line). If the original penalty yardage would have resulted in a first down or moving the ball past the goal line, a first down is awarded.

Question: Where do you score touchdown?
Answer: end zone

Question: Who performs penalties according to the text?
Answer: defence

Question: What is limited only to theone yard line??
Answer: half the distance to the goal line

Question: Distance is measured by a?
Answer: yard

Question: This game deals with the movement of a?
Answer: ball

Question: Canadian football is not the same as?
Answer: American football

Question: What sport is the text about?
Answer: Canadian football

Question: Who does not benefit of a point-of foul infraction?
Answer: offence

Question: What is point-of-foul infraction?
Answer: Penalties
Swaziland

About 75% of the population is employed in subsistence agriculture upon Swazi Nation Land (SNL). In contrast with the commercial farms, Swazi Nation Land suffers from low productivity and investment. This dual nature of the Swazi economy, with high productivity in textile manufacturing and in the industrialised agricultural TDLs on the one hand, and declining productivity subsistence agriculture (on SNL) on the other, may well explain the country's overall low growth, high inequality and unemployment.

Question: A commercial farm is a form of growing things that has been?
Answer: industrialised

Question: What are commercial farms good at?
Answer: productivity and investment

Question: What would SNL benefit from?
Answer: investment

Question: What is Swazi?
Answer: country's

Question: what is the last word in the passage?
Answer: unemployment

Question: what is been talked about in the passage?
Answer: Swazi Nation Land

Question: Industrial agriculture contrasts with?
Answer: subsistence agriculture

Question: Swazi Nation Land is also?
Answer: SNL

Question: Farming is a form of?
Answer: agriculture

Question: Swazi is a?
Answer: country
Swaziland

At no more than 200 kilometres (120 mi) north to south and 130 kilometres (81 mi) east to west, Swaziland is one of the smallest countries in Africa. Despite its size, however, its climate and topography is diverse, ranging from a cool and mountainous highveld to a hot and dry lowveld. The population is primarily ethnic Swazis whose language is siSwati. They established their kingdom in the mid-18th century under the leadership of Ngwane III; the present boundaries were drawn up in 1881. After the Anglo-Boer War, Swaziland was a British protectorate from 1903 until 1967. It regained its independence on 6 September 1968.

Question: What characteristics represent the highveld of Swaziland?
Answer: cool and mountainous

Question: Who ruled the people that speak siSwati in the first half of the 20th century?
Answer: British

Question: What be an advantage for a tourist to know before they visit Swaziland?
Answer: siSwati

Question: Under what kind of model is Swaziland governed?
Answer: kingdom

Question: From what country are the people who speak siSwati?
Answer: Swaziland

Question: What was re-imagined in the late 19th century?
Answer: the present boundaries were drawn up in 1881

Question: From whom did Swaziland gain independence in 1968?
Answer: British

Question: What is the state of Swaziland's current status?
Answer: independence

Question: What is rather ironic about Swaziland?
Answer: Despite its size, however, its climate and topography is diverse