UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Saint_Helena

The island has two local newspapers, both of which are available on the Internet. The St Helena Independent has been published since November 2005. The Sentinel newspaper was introduced in 2012.

Question: What is the oldest new source on the island?
Answer: The St Helena Independent

Question: Which named papers can be read online
Answer: The St Helena Independent has been published since November 2005. The Sentinel newspaper was introduced in 2012

Question: The island's newspapers could be described how?
Answer: local

Question: The two local newspapers have what releases?
Answer: The St Helena Independent has been published since November 2005. The Sentinel newspaper was introduced in 2012

Question: What enables the news sources to be reached worldwide?
Answer: the Internet

Question: What is the The St Helena Independents competitor?
Answer: The Sentinel

Question: The two newspapers come with what names?
Answer: The St Helena Independent has been published since November 2005. The Sentinel newspaper was introduced in 2012

Question: What did the newspapers have in common beside online access
Answer: two local newspapers

Question: Where is the St. Helena paper located
Answer: The island

Question: Which paper has the least published experience
Answer: The Sentinel newspaper

Question: When did the St Helena Independent begin to have competition?
Answer: 2012
Saint_Helena

A local industry manufacturing fibre from New Zealand flax was successfully reestablished in 1907 and generated considerable income during the First World War. Ascension Island was made a dependency of Saint Helena in 1922, and Tristan da Cunha followed in 1938. During the Second World War, the United States built Wideawake airport on Ascension in 1942, but no military use was made of Saint Helena.

Question: What happened in the 23rd year o the century known as the 1900's?
Answer: Ascension Island was made a dependency of Saint Helena

Question: Which event happened first, Ascension being made dependent on Saint Helena or the US building Wideawake airport on Ascension Island?
Answer: dependency

Question: Which was made dependent upon Saint Helena first, Tristan da Cunha or Ascension Island?
Answer: Ascension Island

Question: What is the main point of the passage?
Answer: successfully reestablished in 1907 and generated considerable income during the First World War

Question: Which conflict was not occurring when Wideawake airport was being erected, the First World War or the Second World War?
Answer: First

Question: What happened second, the Second World War or a local industry from New Zealand flax successfully becoming reestablished?
Answer: Second World War

Question: What happened in the 8th year of the 1900s?
Answer: flax was successfully reestablished

Question: What happened in the 43rd year of the century known as the 1900's?
Answer: the United States built Wideawake airport on Ascension

Question: What made Saint Helena unique from the others?
Answer: no military use

Question: Which of the subjects in the passage inherently needs Saint Helena?
Answer: Ascension Island was made a dependency of Saint Helena
Saint_Helena

In 1657, Oliver Cromwell granted the English East India Company a charter to govern Saint Helena and the following year the company decided to fortify the island and colonise it with planters. The first governor, Captain John Dutton, arrived in 1659, making Saint Helena one of Britain's oldest colonies outside North America and the Caribbean. A fort and houses were built. After the Restoration of the English monarchy in 1660, the East India Company received a royal charter giving it the sole right to fortify and colonise the island. The fort was renamed James Fort and the town Jamestown, in honour of the Duke of York, later James II of England.

Question: What right was given to the East India Company after the Restoration of the English Monarchy?
Answer: sole right to fortify and colonise the island

Question: __ briefly hosted Napoleon in 1815 during his exile on St. Helena.
Answer: Jamestown

Question: What event allowed the East India Company to make a fortified colony on Saint Helena?
Answer: Oliver Cromwell granted the English East India Company a charter

Question: __  has over 100 listed buildings, mostly from the Georgian era.
Answer: Jamestown

Question: The return of what system enabled the charter to colonize Saint Helena?
Answer: English monarchy

Question: What title did Dutton's arrival in Saint Helena give the colony?
Answer: one of Britain's oldest colonies outside North America and the Caribbean

Question: What did Dutton do for Saint Helena?
Answer: first governor

Question: What part of the colony was renamed Jamestown?
Answer: the town

Question: What was named after Jame II?
Answer: The fort was renamed James Fort and the town Jamestown

Question: __ is built on igneous rock in the James Valley.
Answer: Jamestown
Saint_Helena

During this period, the island enjoyed increased revenues through the sale of flax, with prices peaking in 1951. However, the industry declined because of transportation costs and competition from synthetic fibres. The decision by the British Post Office to use synthetic fibres for its mailbags was a further blow, contributing to the closure of the island's flax mills in 1965.

Question: Why did the Post office switch to synthetic fibers for mail bags?
Answer: costs

Question: What effected the flax mill revenue?
Answer: transportation costs and competition from synthetic fibres

Question: Possible organic fibres for creating clothes are?
Answer: flax

Question: What was at its highest during the 52nd year of the 1900s?
Answer: prices

Question: Where was the flax mill that made transportation so expensive?
Answer: island

Question: What is a likely component of sheets that are described to be made not from natural components?
Answer: synthetic fibres

Question: What caused revenue to fall?
Answer: transportation costs and competition from synthetic fibres

Question: What was the Post office using for their bags initially?
Answer: flax

Question: Regarding the place that grinds organic materials into smaller pieces, what is unlikely to be used as a starting material?
Answer: synthetic fibres

Question: The sense of resolution regarding a problem is also referred to as?
Answer: closure

Question: It is implied that the British Post Office used to make their mailbags out of what fibres?
Answer: flax

Question: What happened in the 66th year of the 1900s?
Answer: the closure of the island's flax mills

Question: What did the post office aid the flax mills in?
Answer: closure
Saint_Helena

There are scouting and guiding groups on Saint Helena and Ascension Island. Scouting was established on Saint Helena island in 1912. Lord and Lady Baden-Powell visited the Scouts on Saint Helena on the return from their 1937 tour of Africa. The visit is described in Lord Baden-Powell's book entitled African Adventures.

Question: What did Lord Baden-Powell do after the visit?
Answer: book entitled African Adventures

Question: Where and when was the scouting established?
Answer: Scouting was established on Saint Helena island in 1912

Question: Who did Lord and Lady Baden-Powell visit on the return from their tour of Africa?
Answer: the Scouts on Saint Helena

Question: What is the name of the Lord Baden-Powell's book?
Answer: African Adventures

Question: What titles did the two visitors have?
Answer: Lord and Lady

Question: What is the title of the male Baden-Powell?
Answer: Lord

Question: What type of land mass is Saint Helena?
Answer: island

Question: What is the last name of the married couple that visited scouts on Saint Helena?
Answer: Baden-Powell

Question: What type of work did the Lord produce involving his trip to Saint Helena?
Answer: book

Question: What was the only service available before 1912?
Answer: guiding groups

Question: What happened twenty-five years before the Lord and Lady visited?
Answer: Scouting was established on Saint Helena island

Question: What title is conferred on the female Baden-Powell?
Answer: Lady

Question: What island did the Lord and Lady visit?
Answer: Saint Helena island

Question: What is the two name last name of the subjects on this article?
Answer: Baden-Powell
Saint_Helena

Englishman Sir Francis Drake probably located the island on the final leg of his circumnavigation of the world (1577–1580). Further visits by other English explorers followed, and, once Saint Helena’s location was more widely known, English ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack Portuguese India carracks on their way home. In developing their Far East trade, the Dutch also began to frequent the island. The Portuguese and Spanish soon gave up regularly calling at the island, partly because they used ports along the West African coast, but also because of attacks on their shipping, the desecration of their chapel and religious icons, destruction of their livestock and destruction of plantations by Dutch and English sailors.

Question: What was the island used for?
Answer: English ships of war began to lie in wait in the area to attack

Question: What were the type of ships that got attacked
Answer: carracks

Question: Which two nations did NOT give up calling on Saint Helena?
Answer: Dutch and English

Question: Which of the following did NOT happen to the Portuguese and Spanish: desecration of their chapel, destruction of their livestock, or circumnavigation of the world?
Answer: circumnavigation of the world

Question: Where would Drakes ships ambush the Portuguese?
Answer: Saint Helena

Question: Who did the English NOT want to attack?
Answer: Dutch

Question: Who did the ships attack
Answer: Portuguese

Question: What were the boats the English ambushed used for?
Answer: trade

Question: Who did Drake locate the island before?
Answer: other English explorers
Saint_Helena

Saint FM provided a local radio service for the island which was also available on internet radio and relayed in Ascension Island. The station was not government funded. It was launched in January 2005 and closed on 21 December 2012. It broadcast news, features and music in collaboration with its sister newspaper, the St Helena Independent (which continues).

Question: How were radio signals transmitted on Ascension Island not including internet?
Answer: FM

Question: What media continued past 2012?
Answer: sister newspaper

Question: Which of the following was neither a radio station nor a newspaper: Saint FM, Ascension Island, or the St Helena Independent?
Answer: Ascension Island

Question: What types of content does Saint FM deliver?
Answer: news, features and music

Question: Which happened before the second month of 2005, Saint FM launched or closed?
Answer: launched

Question: Which happened first, Saint FM launched or closed?
Answer: launched

Question: What technology does Saint FM use to deliver content when not using FM?
Answer: internet

Question: Who paid for the station?
Answer: Saint FM

Question: What partnership allowed distribution outside of the island?
Answer: internet

Question: Which ways, besides FM, were radio signals broadcasted on Ascension Island?
Answer: internet

Question: How broad was their service?
Answer: local

Question: What is the current status of Saint FM?
Answer: closed

Question: What could be learned on the station?
Answer: news
Genome

Interspersed repeats mainly come from transposable elements (TEs), but they also include some protein coding gene families and pseudogenes. Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell. It is believed that TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes. TEs can be classified into two categories, Class 1 (retrotransposons) and Class 2 (DNA transposons).

Question: What reiterations are included in this topic?
Answer: Interspersed repeats

Question: What are retrotransposons and DNA transposons?
Answer: transposable elements

Question: What can TEs do?
Answer: integrate into the genome at another site within the cell

Question: What is being made in the cell through coding gene families?
Answer: protein

Question: What is the common cause?
Answer: transposable elements

Question: What are the elements so necessary?
Answer: TEs are an important driving force on genome evolution of higher eukaryotes

Question: What can be joined?
Answer: Transposable elements

Question: What is a common outcome?
Answer: Interspersed repeats

Question: Which is not a category of TE: retrotransposons, pseudogenes, or DNA transposons?
Answer: pseudogenes

Question: What affects the development of eukaryotes?
Answer: transposable elements

Question: What is combined?
Answer: Transposable elements are able to integrate into the genome at another site within the cell

Question: How are transposable elements classified?
Answer: Class

Question: Where can pseudogenes be found?
Answer: Interspersed repeats

Question: What is not a source of interspersed repeats: transposable elements or genome evolution?
Answer: genome evolution

Question: What are the bottom levels of TE?
Answer: DNA transposons

Question: What are the top levels of Transposable elements?
Answer: retrotransposons
Genome

In modern molecular biology and genetics, the genome is the genetic material of an organism. It consists of DNA (or RNA in RNA viruses). The genome includes both the genes and the non-coding sequences of the DNA/RNA.

Question: What are distinct sequences of nucleotides forming part of a chromosome?
Answer: genes

Question: What is a nucleic acid present in all living cells?
Answer: RNA

Question: What is the self-replicating material which is present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes and has a different name in viruses?
Answer: DNA

Question: To what does a genome belong?
Answer: an organism
Solar_energy

A solar balloon is a black balloon that is filled with ordinary air. As sunlight shines on the balloon, the air inside is heated and expands causing an upward buoyancy force, much like an artificially heated hot air balloon. Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited to the toy market as the surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high.

Question: What is an important aspect of a solar balloon to function?
Answer: filled with ordinary air

Question: Which of the following is not a characteristic of solar balloons: payload-weight, surface area, or market?
Answer: market

Question: Which weighs more, air or a human?
Answer: human

Question: What is the main point of the passage?
Answer: Some solar balloons are large enough for human flight, but usage is generally limited

Question: What important mathematical concept makes a solar balloon not possible for normal flight?
Answer: surface-area to payload-weight ratio is relatively high

Question: What is a solar balloon similar to?
Answer: an artificially heated hot air balloon

Question: What would a lower surface area to payload weight ratio make more feasible?
Answer: human flight

Question: What alternative to artificial heat provides buoyancy?
Answer: sunlight

Question: What is unique about the solar balloon that assists the sunlight to heat up the air inside?
Answer: a black balloon

Question: What is the most prevalent use of solar balloons?
Answer: the toy market
Solar_energy

Solar water disinfection (SODIS) involves exposing water-filled plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles to sunlight for several hours. Exposure times vary depending on weather and climate from a minimum of six hours to two days during fully overcast conditions. It is recommended by the World Health Organization as a viable method for household water treatment and safe storage. Over two million people in developing countries use this method for their daily drinking water.

Question: What is the point of SODIS?
Answer: disinfection

Question: How often is water that goes through SODIS used?
Answer: daily

Question: What does SODIS do to water?
Answer: disinfection

Question: How long do you need to let bottles sit in the sun to kill germs?
Answer: several hours

Question: Who practices SODIS?
Answer: Over two million people

Question: What do many people do to their water before storing it?
Answer: SODIS

Question: What is SODIS considered to be in the context of water treatment?
Answer: a viable method

Question: How does the sun come into contact with bottles when using SODIS?
Answer: exposing water-filled plastic polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles to sunlight

Question: What effect do clouds have on SODIS?
Answer: Exposure times
Solar_energy

Phase change materials such as paraffin wax and Glauber's salt are another thermal storage media. These materials are inexpensive, readily available, and can deliver domestically useful temperatures (approximately 64 °C or 147 °F). The "Dover House" (in Dover, Massachusetts) was the first to use a Glauber's salt heating system, in 1948. Solar energy can also be stored at high temperatures using molten salts. Salts are an effective storage medium because they are low-cost, have a high specific heat capacity and can deliver heat at temperatures compatible with conventional power systems. The Solar Two used this method of energy storage, allowing it to store 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh) in its 68 cubic metres storage tank with an annual storage efficiency of about 99%.

Question: For most people, what would be an easier item to use without worrying about noxious fumes?
Answer: paraffin wax

Question: What would one think of as seasoning, not an source of heat?
Answer: Glauber's salt

Question: Which of the following is not a trait of paraffin wax: inexpensive, high specific heat capacity, or readily available?
Answer: high specific heat capacity

Question: Which of the following is not a phase change material: Glauber's salt, Dover House, or paraffin wax?
Answer: Dover House

Question: Who was one of the pioneers using Hauber's salt in the United States?
Answer: The "Dover House

Question: Why is Glauber salt a method used by the Dover House?
Answer: Salts are an effective storage medium because they are low-cost

Question: How much energy are Glauber's salt able to save?
Answer: 1.44 terajoules (400,000 kWh) in its 68 cubic metres

Question: What would be good to store since it doesn't lose but a tiny bit of energy?
Answer: Salts

Question: What is used today to hold scents that used to be used for heat?
Answer: paraffin wax

Question: Which of the following is not a measure of energy: kWh, terajoules, or efficiency?
Answer: efficiency

Question: Of the two, what is likely a better option overall if you could get your hands on it?
Answer: Salts
Solar_energy

Solar technologies are broadly characterized as either passive or active depending on the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy to be harnessed at different levels around the world, mostly depending on distance from the equator. Although solar energy refers primarily to the use of solar radiation for practical ends, all renewable energies, other than geothermal and tidal, derive their energy from the Sun in a direct or indirect way.

Question: What effects how much power you get from solar energy?
Answer: distance from the equator

Question: What does the sun give off?
Answer: solar radiation

Question: What is not a type of energy: geothermal, tidal, or practical?
Answer: practical

Question: What do solar technologies do?
Answer: capture, convert and distribute sunlight

Question: Which is not a characterization of solar technologies: passive, active, or geothermal?
Answer: geothermal

Question: Where do most renewable technologies derive their power from?
Answer: the Sun in a direct or indirect way

Question: What type of renewable energy is influenced by ocean's movements: geothermal, solar, or tidal?
Answer: tidal

Question: What energy type is solar energy considered to be?
Answer: renewable energies

Question: What is tidal energy?
Answer: renewable energies

Question: What determines solar technology classification?
Answer: the way they capture, convert and distribute sunlight and enable solar energy

Question: What is geothermal energy?
Answer: renewable energies
Washington_University_in_St._Louis

In 1899, the university opened a national design contest for the new campus. The renowned Philadelphia firm Cope & Stewardson won unanimously with its plan for a row of Collegiate Gothic quadrangles inspired by Oxford and Cambridge Universities. The cornerstone of the first building, Busch Hall, was laid on October 20, 1900. The construction of Brookings Hall, Ridgley, and Cupples began shortly thereafter. The school delayed occupying these buildings until 1905 to accommodate the 1904 World's Fair and Olympics. The delay allowed the university to construct ten buildings instead of the seven originally planned. This original cluster of buildings set a precedent for the development of the Danforth Campus; Cope & Stewardson’s original plan and its choice of building materials have, with few exceptions, guided the construction and expansion of the Danforth Campus to the present day.

Question: Why were ten buildings built?
Answer: The delay allowed the university to construct ten buildings instead of the seven originally planned

Question: After Busch Hall, what were the subsequent buildings to go up?
Answer: Brookings Hall, Ridgley, and Cupples

Question: What style was the design?
Answer: Collegiate Gothic quadrangles inspired by Oxford and Cambridge Universities

Question: When were the buildings ready but not used?
Answer: 1904

Question: How did Cope & Stewardson become aware of the project?
Answer: national design contest

Question: What happened in the 19th century?
Answer: In 1899, the university opened a national design contest for the new campus

Question: How was the new campus designed?
Answer: a national design contest

Question: What was built before Brookings Hall?
Answer: Busch Hall

Question: What was the original plan for campus design?
Answer: a row of Collegiate Gothic quadrangles

Question: Why was Cope & Stewardson chosen?
Answer: its plan for a row of Collegiate Gothic quadrangles inspired by Oxford and Cambridge Universities

Question: What was the result of the occupation hold-up?
Answer: allowed the university to construct ten buildings instead of the seven originally planned