UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Botany

During the 18th century, systems of plant identification were developed comparable to dichotomous keys, where unidentified plants are placed into taxonomic groups (e.g. family, genus and species) by making a series of choices between pairs of characters. The choice and sequence of the characters may be artificial in keys designed purely for identification (diagnostic keys) or more closely related to the natural or phyletic order of the taxa in synoptic keys. By the 18th century, new plants for study were arriving in Europe in increasing numbers from newly discovered countries and the European colonies worldwide. In 1753 Carl von Linné (Carl Linnaeus) published his Species Plantarum, a hierarchical classification of plant species that remains the reference point for modern botanical nomenclature. This established a standardised binomial or two-part naming scheme where the first name represented the genus and the second identified the species within the genus. For the purposes of identification, Linnaeus's Systema Sexuale classified plants into 24 groups according to the number of their male sexual organs. The 24th group, Cryptogamia, included all plants with concealed reproductive parts, mosses, liverworts, ferns, algae and fungi.

Question: What plant group was fungi not in?
Answer: taxonomic groups

Question: Who made up the 24 groups of plants?
Answer: Linnaeus

Question: What classic remains valid today?
Answer: Species Plantarum

Question: Species is a type of?
Answer: taxonomic groups

Question: What was not always apparent?
Answer: reproductive parts

Question: The work of Linnaeus is still used in what times?
Answer: modern

Question: When did Linnaeus develop a system to group plants by?
Answer: 18th century

Question: Why where plants classified into 24 groups?
Answer: For the purposes of identification

Question: Why was fungi placed in the 24th group?
Answer: concealed reproductive parts

Question: What is being classified?
Answer: plants
Arnold_Schwarzenegger

In 1977, Schwarzenegger's autobiography/weight-training guide Arnold: The Education of a Bodybuilder was published and became a huge success. After taking English classes at Santa Monica College in California, he earned a BA by correspondence from the University of Wisconsin–Superior, where he graduated with a degree in international marketing of fitness and business administration in 1979.

Question: How did he earn his degree?
Answer: by correspondence

Question: What college did he not get a bachelors degree from
Answer: Santa Monica College

Question: Earning a degree without physically attending classes
Answer: BA by correspondence

Question: What were Schwarzenegger's majors in college?
Answer: international marketing of fitness and business administration

Question: What type of degree was given to Schwarzenegger?
Answer: a BA

Question: Which college did he graduate from but not attend physically
Answer: University of Wisconsin–Superior

Question: Where was he living when he learned English?
Answer: California

Question: What college did Schwarzenegger's degree come from?
Answer: University of Wisconsin–Superior

Question: In what state did he get his degree?
Answer: Wisconsin

Question: What kind of guide was his book about?
Answer: weight-training

Question: What kind of degree did he get?
Answer: BA

Question: Who wrote the book?
Answer: Schwarzenegger
Arnold_Schwarzenegger

The Hummers that Schwarzenegger bought 1992 are so large – each weighs 6,300 lb (2,900 kg) and is 7 feet (2.1 m) wide – that they are classified as large trucks, and U.S. fuel economy regulations do not apply to them. During the gubernatorial recall campaign he announced that he would convert one of his Hummers to burn hydrogen. The conversion was reported to have cost about US$21,000. After the election, he signed an executive order to jump-start the building of hydrogen refueling plants called the California Hydrogen Highway Network, and gained a U.S. Department of Energy grant to help pay for its projected US$91,000,000 cost. California took delivery of the first H2H (Hydrogen Hummer) in October 2004.

Question: Who helped foot the bill for the state's plans?
Answer: U.S. Department of Energy

Question: When could the average person obtain such a vehicle?
Answer: October 2004

Question: Who signed an executive order for hydrogen refueling plants?
Answer: Schwarzenegger

Question: What did the governor alter?
Answer: one of his Hummers

Question: What fuels the vehicles?
Answer: the California Hydrogen Highway Network

Question: What entity was part of the initiative?
Answer: U.S. Department of Energy

Question: When did large scale production of such vehicles begin?
Answer: After the election

Question: Who won the election?
Answer: Schwarzenegger

Question: What can large trucks skirt?
Answer: U.S. fuel economy regulations

Question: What was the damage done to the budget?
Answer: US$91,000,000

Question: What was the benefit of the law?
Answer: gained a U.S. Department of Energy grant to help pay for its projected US$91,000,000 cost

Question: Why were the vehicles significant?
Answer: they are classified as large trucks

Question: When did he discuss large scale operations for production of such vehicles?
Answer: After the election
Arnold_Schwarzenegger

It was rumored that Schwarzenegger might run for the United States Senate in 2010, as his governorship would be term-limited by that time. This turned out to be false.

Question: The opposite of truth, should something be incorrect or not according to fact is called?
Answer: false

Question: Alabama and Arizona are examples of what in the US?
Answer: States

Question: Gubernatorial elections in the United States are intended to elect a person into what political position in a state?
Answer: governorship

Question: What is it called when people circulate statements that have not been properly verified?
Answer: rumored

Question: How reliable was the information?
Answer: It was rumored

Question: What political position did Arnold Schwarzenegger run and get elected for in the year 2003?
Answer: governorship

Question: Regarding questions that ask if a statement is accurate, if the statement is inaccurate a person would answer what?
Answer: false

Question: In addition to electing senators and representatives, citizens of what elect govenors as well?
Answer: States

Question: What was determined when it came to Schwarzenegger running for office?
Answer: This turned out to be false

Question: House Representatives have two years as its what when elected?
Answer: term

Question: What position has Arnold Schwarzenegger not served for in his political career?
Answer: Senate

Question: What limitation existed that prevented Arnold Schwarzenegger from being elected again for govenor for a third time?
Answer: term-limited

Question: What was different about this term?
Answer: limited
Arnold_Schwarzenegger

In 1999, Schwarzenegger sued Dr. Willi Heepe, a German doctor who publicly predicted his early death on the basis of a link between his steroid use and his later heart problems. As the doctor had never examined him personally, Schwarzenegger collected a US$10,000 libel judgment against him in a German court. In 1999, Schwarzenegger also sued and settled with The Globe, a U.S. tabloid which had made similar predictions about the bodybuilder's future health.

Question: What is the term used to refer to a false statement that was published that damages a person's reputation?
Answer: libel

Question: what place is mentioned last?
Answer: German court

Question: Oxandrolone is a man-made compound also called a synthethic what?
Answer: steroid

Question: what substance is mentioned first?
Answer: steroid

Question: Who lost the German court case?
Answer: Dr. Willi Heepe

Question: What was Schwarzenegger's title?
Answer: bodybuilder

Question: what period in time is mentioned last?
Answer: 1999

Question: what organ is mentioned first?
Answer: heart

Question: Both Heepe and The Globe did what?
Answer: made similar predictions about the bodybuilder's future health

Question: what nation is mentioned last?
Answer: U.S

Question: Who admitted to using performance-enhancing steroids while they were legal?
Answer: Schwarzenegger

Question: There are three muscle tissue types, skeletal and smooth are two, the remaining can only be found in what part of the body?
Answer: heart

Question: Which company was being sued in 1999 by Schwarzenegger for making claims regarding his steroid use?
Answer: The Globe
Arnold_Schwarzenegger

In October 2013, the New York Post reported that Schwarzenegger was exploring a future run for president. The former California governor would face a constitutional hurdle; Article II, Section I, Clause V nominally prevents individuals who are not natural-born citizens of the United States from assuming the office. He has reportedly been lobbying legislators about a possible constitutional change, or filing a legal challenge to the provision. Columbia University law professor Michael Dorf observed that Schwarzenegger's possible lawsuit could ultimately win him the right to run for the office, noting, "The law is very clear, but it’s not 100 percent clear that the courts would enforce that law rather than leave it to the political process."

Question: What was the Constitution barring?
Answer: a future run for president

Question: What is one avenue through which Schwarzenegger might have addressed this hurdle?
Answer: the courts

Question: What was the goal?
Answer: He has reportedly been lobbying legislators about a possible constitutional change, or filing a legal challenge to the provision

Question: What was a primary issue?
Answer: a constitutional hurdle

Question: What could be a viable place for Schwarzenegger to have turned to in order to create change?
Answer: the courts

Question: The person exploring a future run for president has what rule standing in his way?
Answer: Article II, Section I, Clause V

Question: How would the change be achieved?
Answer: lobbying legislators about a possible constitutional change

Question: What is the hypothesis?
Answer: The law is very clear, but it’s not 100 percent clear that the courts would enforce that law rather than leave it to the political process."

Question: What might Schwarzenegger have turned to in order to challenge this hurdle?
Answer: the courts

Question: The person exploring a future run for president is not a?
Answer: natural-born citizens of the United States

Question: The person exploring a future run for president was a?
Answer: California governor
Arnold_Schwarzenegger

Schwarzenegger was a founding celebrity investor in the Planet Hollywood chain of international theme restaurants (modeled after the Hard Rock Cafe) along with Bruce Willis, Sylvester Stallone and Demi Moore. Schwarzenegger severed his financial ties with the business in early 2000. Schwarzenegger said the company had not had the success he had hoped for, claiming he wanted to focus his attention on "new US global business ventures" and his movie career.

Question: Which is not a last name, Schwarzenegger or Global?
Answer: global

Question: Of the three founding celebrity investors of Planet Hollywood whose full names are mentioned, which has the longest last name?
Answer: Sylvester Stallone

Question: Which is not a last name, Willis or Demi?
Answer: Demi

Question: Which is not a last name, Stallone or Focus?
Answer: focus

Question: Of the three founding celebrity investors of Planet Hollywood whose full names are mentioned, which has a first and last name that begin with the same letter?
Answer: Sylvester Stallone

Question: Which founding celebrity investor was married to Moore?
Answer: Willis

Question: Of the three founding celebrity investors of Planet Hollywood whose full names are mentioned, which has the shortest last name?
Answer: Demi Moore

Question: Of the three founding celebrity investors of Planet Hollywood whose full names are mentioned, which has the shortest first name?
Answer: Demi Moore

Question: Which celebrity investor does not have the letter "s" anywhere in their name?
Answer: Demi Moore

Question: Which founding celebrity investor was married to Willis?
Answer: Moore

Question: Of the three founding celebrity investors of Planet Hollywood whose full names are mentioned, which has the longest first name?
Answer: Sylvester Stallone
Arnold_Schwarzenegger

Schwarzenegger's private jet made an emergency landing at Van Nuys Airport on June 19, 2009, after the pilot reported smoke coming from the cockpit, according to a statement released by the governor's press secretary. No one was harmed in the incident.

Question: Why did Schwarzenegger's plane have to make an unscheduled landing?
Answer: smoke

Question: What happened to Scwarzenegger in June of 2009?
Answer: private jet made an emergency landing

Question: __ security includes baggage checks.
Answer: Airport

Question: __ have signs on the runway to direct planes.
Answer: Airport

Question: Aviation safety is very importnt to the operation of an __
Answer: Airport
Arnold_Schwarzenegger

Schwarzenegger drew attention and boosted his profile in the bodybuilding film Pumping Iron (1977), elements of which were dramatized; in 1991, he purchased the rights to the film, its outtakes, and associated still photography. In 1977, he also appeared in an episode of the ABC situation comedy The San Pedro Beach Bums. Schwarzenegger auditioned for the title role of The Incredible Hulk, but did not win the role because of his height. Later, Lou Ferrigno got the part of Dr. David Banner's alter ego. Schwarzenegger appeared with Kirk Douglas and Ann-Margret in the 1979 comedy The Villain. In 1980, he starred in a biographical film of the 1950s actress Jayne Mansfield as Mansfield's husband, Mickey Hargitay.

Question: What came out in the 80th year of the century known as the 1900's?
Answer: The Villain

Question: who appeared with Kirk Douglas  in the 1979 comedy the Villain?
Answer: Schwarzenegger

Question: What bodybuider became the Incredible Hulk?
Answer: Lou Ferrigno

Question: Besides the release of Pumping Iron, what happened in the 78th year of the century known as the 1900's?
Answer: he also appeared in an episode of the ABC situation comedy The San Pedro Beach Bums

Question: What is Incredible Hulk's real name?
Answer: David Banner

Question: who starred in a biographical film in 1980?
Answer: Schwarzenegger

Question: who played mansfield husband?
Answer: Schwarzenegger

Question: What came out in the 77th year of the 20th century?
Answer: Pumping Iron

Question: The role of Incredible Hulk was what kind of role?
Answer: title

Question: who was Mickey Hargitay?
Answer: Mansfield's husband
Arnold_Schwarzenegger

Schwarzenegger then went against the advice of fellow Republican strategists and appointed a Democrat, Susan Kennedy, as his Chief of Staff. Schwarzenegger gradually moved towards a more politically moderate position, determined to build a winning legacy with only a short time to go until the next gubernatorial election.

Question: Who appointed a Chief of State?
Answer: Schwarzenegger

Question: The last name of the lead actor of the movie Conan the Barbarian(1982) was?
Answer: Schwarzenegger

Question: The Chief of Staff appointed by Govenor Schwarzenegger was part of which political group?
Answer: Democrat

Question: The govenor of California from 2003 to 2011 was?
Answer: Schwarzenegger

Question: What time frame did he have when running for office?
Answer: short

Question: The govenor of California from 2003 to 2011 did not run under which political group?
Answer: Democrat

Question: Who wanted to build a winning legacy?
Answer: Schwarzenegger

Question: What relationship did Schwarzenegger have with a Democrat?
Answer: appointed

Question: An adjective that is given to anything relating to a state's govenor or their office is?
Answer: gubernatorial

Question: What party was Schwarzenegger a part of?
Answer: Republican

Question: What was his response to those trying to help him?
Answer: went against

Question: What didn't the people in his party like about his Chief of Staff?
Answer: Democrat
Eritrea

In an attempt at reform, Eritrean government officials and NGO representatives have participated in numerous public meetings and dialogues. In these sessions they have answered questions as fundamental as, "What are human rights?", "Who determines what are human rights?", and "What should take precedence, human or communal rights?" In 2007, the Eritrean government also banned female genital mutilation. In Regional Assemblies and religious circles, Eritreans themselves speak out continuously against the use of female circumcision. They cite health concerns and individual freedom as being of primary concern when they say this. Furthermore, they implore rural peoples to cast away this ancient cultural practice. Additionally, a new movement called Citizens for Democratic Rights in Eritrea aimed at bringing about dialogue between the government and opposition was formed in early 2009. The group consists of ordinary citizens and some people close to the government.

Question: Who are working with the Eritreans to bring about change?
Answer: NGO representatives

Question: What is the fundamental target of these groups?
Answer: human rights

Question: Who usually has the ability to vote?
Answer: citizens

Question: Who makes and enforces laws in most countries?
Answer: government

Question: What are basic human rights considered to be?
Answer: fundamental

Question: Why is female genital mutilation practiced?
Answer: ancient cultural practice

Question: Who still often carries out female circumcision?
Answer: rural peoples

Question: Who is in the group aiming to bring dialogue between government and the opposition?
Answer: ordinary citizens and some people close to the government

Question: Tell me the group that has regular citizens and somepeopleclose to the government in it.
Answer: Citizens for Democratic Rights
Eritrea

The culture of Eritrea has been largely shaped by the country's location on the Red Sea coast. One of the most recognizable parts of Eritrean culture is the coffee ceremony. Coffee (Ge'ez ቡን būn) is offered when visiting friends, during festivities, or as a daily staple of life. During the coffee ceremony, there are traditions that are upheld. The coffee is served in three rounds: the first brew or round is called awel in Tigrinya meaning first, the second round is called kalaay meaning second, and the third round is called bereka meaning "to be blessed". If coffee is politely declined, then most likely tea ("shai" ሻሂ shahee) will instead be served.

Question: What is the Trigrinya word for what will be offered if the people don't want to drink Ge'ez bun (coffee) at the coffee ceremony?
Answer: shai

Question: How is the hot drink made from coffee beans supplied in Eritrean culture?
Answer: in three rounds: the first brew or round is called awel in Tigrinya meaning first, the second round is called kalaay meaning second, and the third round is called bereka meaning "to be blessed"

Question: What is "brew" another name for?
Answer: round

Question: What happens at each division of the coffee tradition?
Answer: coffee is served

Question: How do you call the alternative to coffee in Eritean?
Answer: shai

Question: What does the Tigrinya word for the second round mean in English?
Answer: second

Question: Where is Tigrinya spoken?
Answer: Eritrea

Question: How is the ceremony of the hot drink made from coffee beans celebrated by the country located on the Red Sea coast, called Eritrea?
Answer: Coffee (Ge'ez ቡን būn) is offered when visiting friends, during festivities, or as a daily staple of life

Question: What happens when a person visiting the Eritrean culture refuses to drink coffee?
Answer: tea ("shai" ሻሂ shahee) will instead be served

Question: What is the Tigrinya word for coffee?
Answer: Ge'ez ቡን būn

Question: What geographical detail has an affect on Eritrean society?
Answer: location
Eritrea

Eritrea can be split into three ecoregions. To the east of the highlands are the hot, arid coastal plains stretching down to the southeast of the country. The cooler, more fertile highlands, reaching up to 3000m has a different habitat. Habitats here vary from the sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona to the precipitous cliffs and canyons of the southern highlands. The Afar Triangle or Danakil Depression of Eritrea is the probable location of a triple junction where three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another.The highest point of the country, Emba Soira, is located in the center of Eritrea, at 3,018 meters (9,902 ft) above sea level.

Question: Which part of the highlands has a different habitat?
Answer: cooler, more fertile highlands

Question: Where would the largest amount of wildlife most likely be found?
Answer: sub-tropical rainforest at Filfil Solomona

Question: What is believed to be the cause of the Afar Triangle?
Answer: three tectonic plates are pulling away from one another

Question: Where would you expect to find seismic activity in Eritrea?
Answer: The Afar Triangle

Question: The center of Eritrea is known for what?
Answer: Emba Soira

Question: What is a unique trait of Eritrea?
Answer: split into three ecoregions

Question: Which part of Eritrea is above 3000 metters?
Answer: center of Eritrea

Question: Assuming one could get there, where would I presumably have the most expansive view in the country?
Answer: Emba Soira

Question: Where is, most likely, the best location in the country for agriculture?
Answer: highlands

Question: How is the country split when talking about climactic and geological features?
Answer: three ecoregions

Question: What is the most dry part of Eritea?
Answer: the southeast

Question: Where in Eritrea would there be lush forests?
Answer: rainforest
Eritrea

It is estimated that there are around 100 elephants left in Eritrea, the most northerly of East Africa's elephants. The endangered African wild dog (Lycaon pictus) was previously found in Eritrea, but is now deemed extirpated from the entire country. In Gash Barka, deadly snakes like saw-scaled viper are common. Puff adder and red spitting cobra are widespread and can be found even in the highlands.In the coastal areas marine species that are common include dolphin, dugong, whale shark, turtles, marlin/swordfish, and manta ray.

Question: What reptiles survive in the higher elevations of Eritrea?
Answer: Puff adder and red spitting cobra

Question: What is the main idea of the passage?
Answer: 100 elephants left in Eritrea

Question: What certain area is one that should be avoided?
Answer: Gash Barka

Question: What animal is considered to no longer live within Eritrea?
Answer: African wild dog (Lycaon pictus)

Question: What happened to the African wild dogs in Eritrea?
Answer: extirpated

Question: What dangerous species can be stumbled upon in Gash Barka?
Answer: saw-scaled viper

Question: What sea creature that is commonly caught by sports fisherman is found off the coast of Eritrea?
Answer: marlin/swordfish

Question: Which marine reptile can be seen on the coast of Eritrea?
Answer: turtles

Question: Where is Eritrea located?
Answer: East Africa

Question: What specie(s) mentioned in the passage seems to be found all over the place?
Answer: Puff adder and red spitting cobra

Question: Dolphins be spotted in what part of the region?
Answer: coastal areas