UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
YouTube

According to a story that has often been repeated in the media, Hurley and Chen developed the idea for YouTube during the early months of 2005, after they had experienced difficulty sharing videos that had been shot at a dinner party at Chen's apartment in San Francisco. Karim did not attend the party and denied that it had occurred, but Chen commented that the idea that YouTube was founded after a dinner party "was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible".

Question: When was a video sharing service developed?
Answer: the early months of 2005

Question: What is YouTube meant to be used for?
Answer: sharing videos

Question: Why did the media come up with a fake story?
Answer: creating a story that was very digestible

Question: Whose name is mentioned as an initiator of YouTube but is not connected with the party?
Answer: Hurley

Question: In the story, what caused them to want a video sharing platform?
Answer: difficulty sharing videos

Question: Who said that the event connected with the idea of YouTube was not real?
Answer: Karim

Question: What problem did Hurley and Chen seek to solve?
Answer: sharing videos

Question: Why do most people think Youtube was created after a dinner party?
Answer: a story that has often been repeated in the media

Question: Why do people think YouTube was created after a party?
Answer: a story that has often been repeated in the media

Question: What was the reasoning for lying?
Answer: was probably very strengthened by marketing ideas around creating a story that was very digestible

Question: What kind of theories encouraged the propagation of the story about the dinner?
Answer: marketing ideas

Question: Who disagreed with Hurley and Chen?
Answer: Karim
YouTube

In May 2014, prior to the launch of YouTube's subscription-based Music Key service, the independent music trade organization Worldwide Independent Network alleged that YouTube was using non-negotiable contracts with independent labels that were "undervalued" in comparison to other streaming services, and that YouTube would block all music content from labels who do not reach a deal to be included on the paid service. In a statement to the Financial Times in June 2014, Robert Kyncl confirmed that YouTube would block the content of labels who do not negotiate deals to be included in the paid service "to ensure that all content on the platform is governed by its new contractual terms." Stating that 90% of labels had reached deals, he went on to say that "while we wish that we had [a] 100% success rate, we understand that is not likely an achievable goal and therefore it is our responsibility to our users and the industry to launch the enhanced music experience." The Financial Times later reported that YouTube had reached an aggregate deal with Merlin Network—a trade group representing over 20,000 independent labels, for their inclusion in the service. However, YouTube itself has not confirmed the deal.

Question: The person who spoke to the Financial Times in June 2014 discussed what media?
Answer: Music

Question: What has been publicly disclosed about YouTube's deal?
Answer: YouTube had reached an aggregate deal with Merlin Network

Question: Who would block those who did not agree to a deal?
Answer: YouTube

Question: The person who spoke to the Financial Times in June 2014 called YouTube a?
Answer: platform

Question: What was the reason Robert Kyncl wasn't concerned not reaching deals with the other 10% who didn't sign?
Answer: that is not likely an achievable goal

Question: When did YouTube announce they had reached an aggregate deal with Merlin Network?
Answer: YouTube itself has not confirmed the deal

Question: What service was Robert Kyncl promoting to labels?
Answer: YouTube's subscription-based Music Key

Question: What type of company did YouTube reach a deal with later?
Answer: a trade group representing over 20,000 independent labels

Question: The person who spoke to the Financial Times in June 2014 works for?
Answer: YouTube

Question: What has been published for the public to read about regarding YouTube's deal?
Answer: YouTube had reached an aggregate deal with Merlin Network
Hydrogen

From all the fault gases formed in power transformers, hydrogen is the most common and is generated under most fault conditions; thus, formation of hydrogen is an early indication of serious problems in the transformer's life cycle.

Question: In what stage of a transformer's life does the formation of hydrogen occur?
Answer: early

Question: What shouldn't be present?
Answer: hydrogen

Question: Why is hydrogen called fault gas?
Answer: most common and is generated under most fault conditions

Question: What is hydrogen's relationship with transformers?
Answer: generated under most fault conditions

Question: What should be fixed when hydrogen is detected?
Answer: transformer

Question: What produces hydrogen in power transformers?
Answer: serious problems in the transformer

Question: What are produced when there are faults of a transformer?
Answer: fault gases

Question: What kind of elements are created in transformers?
Answer: gases

Question: How is the unwanted gas made?
Answer: generated under most fault conditions

Question: What can you gather from finding hydrogen in a power transformer?
Answer: serious problems

Question: A harmful gas is described under what term in the excerpt?
Answer: fault gases

Question: In reference to the item that indicates trouble, what is the source?
Answer: power transformers

Question: Why is hydrogen good for detecting faults in power transformers?
Answer: early indication of serious problems in the transformer's life cycle
Hydrogen

In the absence of atmospheric oxygen (O2), in deep geological conditions prevailing far away from Earth atmosphere, hydrogen (H2) is produced during the process of serpentinization by the anaerobic oxidation by the water protons (H+) of the ferrous (Fe2+) silicate present in the crystal lattice of the fayalite (Fe2SiO4, the olivine iron-endmember). The corresponding reaction leading to the formation of magnetite (Fe3O4), quartz (SiO2) and hydrogen (H2) is the following:

Question: Subatomic particles with a positive charge are called?
Answer: protons

Question: Converting an object, usually a mineral into a serpentine is called?
Answer: serpentinization

Question: The mineral found in some wristwatches that are used to regulate its movement is called?
Answer: quartz

Question: Oxygen found in the atmosphere of the planet Earth inhibits which chemical reaction?
Answer: serpentinization

Question: Bacteria that live and thrive in environments that are absent of oxygen are classified as?
Answer: anaerobic

Question: Which mineral is composed only of silicon and oxygen?
Answer: quartz

Question: If there is atmospheric oxygen present, we know that there cannot be what?
Answer: hydrogen (H2)

Question: If there is hydrogen present, what is not?
Answer: atmospheric oxygen (O2)

Question: What can likely occur in the mantel of the Earth's crust?
Answer: serpentinization

Question: Of O2 and H2, which is not a part of magnetites formation?
Answer: oxygen (O2)

Question: Hydrogen ions are also referred to as what in regards to chemical processes?
Answer: water protons

Question: The element from the periodic table of elements with an atomic number of 8 is called?
Answer: oxygen

Question: Which mineral is composed of iron and silicon?
Answer: fayalite
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is highly soluble in many rare earth and transition metals and is soluble in both nanocrystalline and amorphous metals. Hydrogen solubility in metals is influenced by local distortions or impurities in the crystal lattice. These properties may be useful when hydrogen is purified by passage through hot palladium disks, but the gas's high solubility is a metallurgical problem, contributing to the embrittlement of many metals, complicating the design of pipelines and storage tanks.

Question: __ does not tarnish in air.
Answer: palladium

Question: __ was discovered by William Hyde Wollaston.
Answer: palladium

Question: what is a negative effect of hydrogen on storage tanks as stated in the text
Answer: embrittlement

Question: What is it considered when hydrogen is purified?
Answer: useful

Question: hydrogen is highly soluble in
Answer: many rare earth and transition metals

Question: What is a trait of hydrogen in metals
Answer: highly soluble

Question: __ is a key component of fuel cells, which react hydrogen with oxygen to produce electricity, heat, and water.
Answer: palladium

Question: palladium disks are primarily used for removing what
Answer: impurities

Question: What type of value is the earth that has Hydrogen in it?
Answer: Hydrogen is highly soluble in many rare earth

Question: What is it considered when the metal has becomed embrittled?
Answer: complicating

Question: What temp is the hydrogen purified by?
Answer: hydrogen is purified by passage through hot

Question: What type of metals is the second type considered to be?
Answer: Hydrogen is highly soluble in many rare earth and transition metals and is soluble in both nanocrystalline and amorphous metals
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is commonly used in power stations as a coolant in generators due to a number of favorable properties that are a direct result of its light diatomic molecules. These include low density, low viscosity, and the highest specific heat and thermal conductivity of all gases.

Question: A substance that regulates and ensures the temperature of a device does not exceed safe values is generally called?
Answer: coolant

Question: A column of rising air that is used by birds to gain height is a?
Answer: thermal

Question: The element of oxygen mostly exists in the wild in what form?
Answer: diatomic

Question: The measure of an object's ability to transmit heat is?
Answer: thermal conductivity

Question: Vegetable oil floats on water because water has a higher what in comparison?
Answer: density

Question: Which of the following is not a favorable property of hydrogen: low density, low viscosity, or coolant?
Answer: coolant

Question: An object that is difficult to raise in temperature and or to evaporte to a gas is said to have a high what?
Answer: specific heat

Question: What is the third favorable property of hydrogen listed?
Answer: highest specific heat

Question: Most liquids when heated up sufficiently, evaportates into what state of matter?
Answer: gases

Question: A measure of how thick or how much a liquid flows is called?
Answer: viscosity

Question: Which of the following is not a favorable property of hydrogen: low density, low viscosity, or power stations?
Answer: power stations

Question: 300000 km/s is approximately the speed of which object?
Answer: light

Question: A measure of how compact an object is, defined by mass per volume is called?
Answer: density
Hydrogen

In more recent applications, hydrogen is used pure or mixed with nitrogen (sometimes called forming gas) as a tracer gas for minute leak detection. Applications can be found in the automotive, chemical, power generation, aerospace, and telecommunications industries. Hydrogen is an authorized food additive (E 949) that allows food package leak testing among other anti-oxidizing properties.

Question: What prevents contamination?
Answer: E 949

Question: What keeps people from getting sick?
Answer: E 949

Question: What is a tracer gas?
Answer: hydrogen is used pure or mixed with nitrogen

Question: Which is the name of a food additive: E949, forming gas, or power generation?
Answer: E 949

Question: Pure hydrogen is used for what?
Answer: a tracer gas

Question: What is not an application for hydrogen: aerospace, telecommunications, or pure?
Answer: pure

Question: What is the apprived addition for food pack leaks?
Answer: E 949

Question: What is not a potential use of hydrogen mixed with nitrogen: leak detection or E949?
Answer: E 949

Question: What is used to test for tiny leaks?
Answer: tracer gas
Hydrogen

Hydrogen was liquefied for the first time by James Dewar in 1898 by using regenerative cooling and his invention, the vacuum flask. He produced solid hydrogen the next year. Deuterium was discovered in December 1931 by Harold Urey, and tritium was prepared in 1934 by Ernest Rutherford, Mark Oliphant, and Paul Harteck. Heavy water, which consists of deuterium in the place of regular hydrogen, was discovered by Urey's group in 1932. François Isaac de Rivaz built the first de Rivaz engine, an internal combustion engine powered by a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen in 1806. Edward Daniel Clarke invented the hydrogen gas blowpipe in 1819. The Döbereiner's lamp and limelight were invented in 1823.

Question: What is heavy water composed of?
Answer: deuterium in the place of regular hydrogen

Question: What was invented after de Rivaz engine?
Answer: hydrogen gas blowpipe

Question: What was Harold Urey related to?
Answer: Urey's group

Question: What was produced as a joint effort?
Answer: tritium

Question: What was invented before the hydrogen gas blowpipe?
Answer: de Rivaz engine

Question: What does the regular water have that heavy water does not?
Answer: hydrogen
Hydrogen

Hydrogen is a chemical element with chemical symbol H and atomic number 1. With an atomic weight of 7000100794000000000♠1.00794 u, hydrogen is the lightest element on the periodic table. Its monatomic form (H) is the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe, constituting roughly 75% of all baryonic mass.[note 1] Non-remnant stars are mainly composed of hydrogen in its plasma state. The most common isotope of hydrogen, termed protium (name rarely used, symbol 1H), has one proton and no neutrons.

Question: Hydrogen is what?
Answer: the most abundant chemical substance in the Universe

Question: Hydrogen makes up what?
Answer: roughly 75% of all baryonic mass

Question: What makes up a part of the element?
Answer: protium

Question: Does the most common isotope of hydrogen have more protons or neutrons?
Answer: proton

Question: What form of the element that is the main composition of non-remnant stars is the most available chemical substance in the Universe?
Answer: monatomic

Question: What is the most prevalent isotope of the element that non-remnant stars are mainly composed of?
Answer: protium

Question: What is the symbol of the piece?
Answer: 1H

Question: What is the symbol of the most prevalent isotope of the element non-remnant stars are composed of?
Answer: 1H

Question: What is the shorthand way of writing the lightest element on the periodic table?
Answer: H

Question: How is hydrogen labeled on the periodic table?
Answer: atomic number 1

Question: Where is hydrogen on the table?
Answer: atomic number 1
Hydrogen

To avoid the implication of the naked "solvated proton" in solution, acidic aqueous solutions are sometimes considered to contain a less unlikely fictitious species, termed the "hydronium ion" (H3O+). However, even in this case, such solvated hydrogen cations are more realistically conceived as being organized into clusters that form species closer to H9O+4. Other oxonium ions are found when water is in acidic solution with other solvents.

Question: A solution that contains acid are classified as?
Answer: acidic

Question: A name for a positively charged ion, that is attracted to a cathode is called?
Answer: cations

Question: What is more likely to exist than a naked solvated proton?
Answer: hydronium ion

Question: How are the solutions that contain water and solvents called?
Answer: acidic aqueous solutions

Question: What is one example of hydrogen cations?
Answer: hydronium ion

Question: Where are the solvated proton, the hydronium ion, and the oxonium ions found?
Answer: acidic aqueous solutions

Question: Using the atomic number of an element, you can determine the number of what found in the nucleus?
Answer: proton

Question: What is less likely to exist than a hydronium ion?
Answer: naked "solvated proton"

Question: What compound found in steam is considered amphoteric?
Answer: water

Question: A person that is not wearing any clothes is described as?
Answer: naked

Question: What do you have when water and other solvents are put together?
Answer: acidic solution
Qing_dynasty

By the late 19th century, the most conservative elements within the Qing court could no longer ignore China's military weakness. In 1860, during the Second Opium War, the capital Beijing was captured and the Summer Palace sacked by a relatively small Anglo-French coalition force numbering 25,000. The advent of modern weaponry resulting from the European Industrial Revolution had rendered China's traditionally trained and equipped army and navy obsolete. The government attempts to modernize during the Self-Strengthening Movement were initially successful, but yielded few lasting results because of the central government's lack of funds, lack of political will, and unwillingness to depart from tradition.

Question: What further weakened China's military?
Answer: modern weaponry

Question: As a number, 25,000 is?
Answer: relatively small

Question: what is the second time period mentioned?
Answer: 1860

Question: what is the first group mentioned?
Answer: the Qing court

Question: Who did the 25000 Anglo-French fight?
Answer: China

Question: Why was China's military deemed to be weak?
Answer: Beijing was captured

Question: what is the second group mentioned?
Answer: Anglo-French coalition force

Question: what is the last group mentioned?
Answer: the central government

Question: China was behind because it favored what over modernity?
Answer: tradition

Question: what is the last ethnicity mentioned?
Answer: European

Question: The Anglo-French came as a result of?
Answer: the Second Opium War
Qing_dynasty

Relocating his court from Jianzhou to Liaodong provided Nurhachi access to more resources; it also brought him in close contact with the Khorchin Mongol domains on the plains of Mongolia. Although by this time the once-united Mongol nation had long since fragmented into individual and hostile tribes, these tribes still presented a serious security threat to the Ming borders. Nurhachi's policy towards the Khorchins was to seek their friendship and cooperation against the Ming, securing his western border from a powerful potential enemy.

Question: Whom did Nurhachi make friends with?
Answer: Khorchins

Question: The name for the landlocked country in West Asia near China is?
Answer: Mongolia

Question: Why did the leader of the Liadong territory had to seek allies to fight a potential power army?
Answer: hostile tribes, these tribes still presented a serious security threat to the Ming borders

Question: What were the consequences Nuarchi had due to the relocation of the court to Liaodong?
Answer: access to more resources; it also brought him in close contact with the Khorchin Mongol domains

Question: Where did Nurhachi succeed?
Answer: Jianzhou

Question: A Jurchen chieftan that was prominent in the late 16th century in the country of Manchuria was?
Answer: Nurhachi

Question: Besides Nurhachi, who was hostile to Ming?
Answer: the Khorchins

Question: Who was the founder of Qing dynasty?
Answer: Nurhachi

Question: What is the name for one of the three major groups of the Jurchens?
Answer: Jianzhou

Question: Which region that was essentially a peninsula allowed Nurhachi to cooperate and seek friendship with the Khorchins?
Answer: Liaodong

Question: The common enemy between the Khorchins and the Jurchens was?
Answer: the Ming

Question: What happened in the time the Nurhachi's court was relocated to Liadong?
Answer: the once-united Mongol nation had long since fragmented into individual and hostile tribes

Question: Who was the biggest threat to the Ming, Khorchin Mongol or Nurhachi?
Answer: Nurhachi
Qing_dynasty

Yet controlling the "Mandate of Heaven" was a daunting task. The vastness of China's territory meant that there were only enough banner troops to garrison key cities forming the backbone of a defense network that relied heavily on surrendered Ming soldiers. In addition, three surrendered Ming generals were singled out for their contributions to the establishment of the Qing dynasty, ennobled as feudal princes (藩王), and given governorships over vast territories in Southern China. The chief of these was Wu Sangui, who was given the provinces of Yunnan and Guizhou, while generals Shang Kexi and Geng Jingzhong were given Guangdong and Fujian provinces respectively.

Question: What are Guangdong and Fujian?
Answer: provinces

Question: The Ming were taken over by?
Answer: the Qing

Question: The Qing struggled with that?
Answer: controlling the "Mandate of Heaven"

Question: what was the main defense network
Answer: banner troops to garrison key cities

Question: what are Yunnan and Guizhou?
Answer: provinces

Question: What did they use to defend key cities?
Answer: surrendered Ming soldiers

Question: Who was given Fuijan province?
Answer: Geng Jingzhong

Question: what nobility were the generals given
Answer: feudal princes

Question: Some defeated people became?
Answer: feudal princes

Question: Who was given governship over Southern China?
Answer: three surrendered Ming generals
Qing_dynasty

In 1884, pro-Japanese Koreans in Seoul led the Gapsin Coup. Tensions between China and Japan rose after China intervened to suppress the uprising. Japanese Prime Minister Itō Hirobumi and Li Hongzhang signed the Convention of Tientsin, an agreement to withdraw troops simultaneously, but the First Sino-Japanese War of 1895 was a military humiliation. The Treaty of Shimonoseki recognized Korean independence and ceded Taiwan and the Pescadores to Japan. The terms might have been harsher, but when Japanese citizen attacked and wounded Li Hongzhang, an international outcry shamed the Japanese into revising them. The original agreement stipulated the cession of Liaodong Peninsula to Japan, but Russia, with its own designs on the territory, along with Germany and France, in what was known as the Triple Intervention, successfully put pressure on the Japanese to abandon the peninsula.

Question: For whom did the people participating in the coup fight for?
Answer: Japanese

Question: Hongzhang and Hirobumi's coming together counts as?
Answer: Sino-Japanese

Question: What title did Ito Hirobumi hold?
Answer: Japanese Prime Minister

Question: What event did China want to suppress?
Answer: Gapsin Coup

Question: Who provided aid to Korea?
Answer: China

Question: Who got involved in the Gaspin Coup?
Answer: China

Question: Japan took over what Chinese island?
Answer: Taiwan

Question: What caused troop withdrawal?
Answer: the Convention of Tientsin

Question: What caused Japanese shame?
Answer: citizen attacked and wounded Li Hongzhang

Question: The Europeans are called the?
Answer: Triple Intervention