UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Classical_music

The music of the Romantic era, from roughly the first decade of the 19th century to the early 20th century, was characterized by increased attention to an extended melodic line, as well as expressive and emotional elements, paralleling romanticism in other art forms. Musical forms began to break from the Classical era forms (even as those were being codified), with free-form pieces like nocturnes, fantasias, and preludes being written where accepted ideas about the exposition and development of themes were ignored or minimized. The music became more chromatic, dissonant, and tonally colorful, with tensions (with respect to accepted norms of the older forms) about key signatures increasing. The art song (or Lied) came to maturity in this era, as did the epic scales of grand opera, ultimately transcended by Richard Wagner's Ring cycle.

Question: Which is not a last name, Wagner or Lied?
Answer: Lied

Question: What tipified the style?
Answer: free-form pieces like nocturnes, fantasias, and preludes

Question: Which of the following was not characteristic of music of the Romantic era: an extended melodic line, emotional elements, or Classical era forms?
Answer: Classical era forms

Question: Which of the following musical traits did not become more common during the Romantic era: chromatic, tonally colorful, or codified?
Answer: codified

Question: How does the music differ in the two centuries?
Answer: characterized by increased attention to an extended melodic line, as well as expressive and emotional elements, paralleling romanticism in other art forms

Question: What changed in music as time progressed?
Answer: Musical forms began to break from the Classical era forms (even as those were being codified), with free-form pieces like nocturnes, fantasias, and preludes being written where accepted ideas about the exposition and development of themes were ignored or minimized

Question: Which of the following is not a type of free-form piece: nocturnes, preludes, or emotional elements?
Answer: emotional elements

Question: How did this affect the playing of music?
Answer: Musical forms began to break from the Classical era forms

Question: What is worn on the finger next to the pinky?
Answer: Ring

Question: Where was this seen most?
Answer: The art song (or Lied) came to maturity in this era, as did the epic scales of grand opera

Question: Which is not a last name, Wagner or Codified?
Answer: codified
Classical_music

Baroque music is characterized by the use of complex tonal counterpoint and the use of a basso continuo, a continuous bass line. Music became more complex in comparison with the songs of earlier periods. The beginnings of the sonata form took shape in the canzona, as did a more formalized notion of theme and variations. The tonalities of major and minor as means for managing dissonance and chromaticism in music took full shape.

Question: Counterpoint is heard as part of?
Answer: music

Question: What is the texture of Baroque music?
Answer: a continuous bass line

Question: Which of the following is not a musical form: sonata, canzona or shape?
Answer: shape

Question: Which of the following is not a tonality: major, sonata or minor?
Answer: sonata

Question: Which of the following is not a characteristic of music: dissonance, beginnings or chromaticism?
Answer: beginnings

Question: What can produce Baroque music?
Answer: basso continuo

Question: How is Baroque music different from the classical music?
Answer: more complex

Question: What never stops?
Answer: basso continuo

Question: What first came out in the Baroque period?
Answer: The tonalities of major and minor

Question: We wouldn't have sonatas without?
Answer: canzona
Classical_music

Certain staples of classical music are often used commercially (either in advertising or in movie soundtracks). In television commercials, several passages have become clichéd, particularly the opening of Richard Strauss' Also sprach Zarathustra (made famous in the film 2001: A Space Odyssey) and the opening section "O Fortuna" of Carl Orff's Carmina Burana, often used in the horror genre; other examples include the Dies Irae from the Verdi Requiem, Edvard Grieg's In the Hall of the Mountain King from Peer Gynt, the opening bars of Beethoven's Symphony No. 5, Wagner's Ride of the Valkyries from Die Walküre, Rimsky-Korsakov's Flight of the Bumblebee, and excerpts of Aaron Copland's Rodeo.

Question: Which of the following is not part of a larger piece of music: Flight of the Bumblebee, Ride of the Valkyries, or Dies Irae?
Answer: Flight of the Bumblebee

Question: Which of the following was NOT written by Aaron Copland: Rodeo or Ride of the Valkyries?
Answer: Ride of the Valkyries

Question: what artist's piece of work is mentioned second to last?
Answer: Rimsky-Korsakov's Flight of the Bumblebee

Question: Excerpts of this work by Strauss are often used commercially.
Answer: Also sprach Zarathustra

Question: what is the name of the second artist mentioned?
Answer: Carl Orff

Question: what artistic piece of work is mentioned last?
Answer: Aaron Copland's Rodeo

Question: what music genre is mentioned first?
Answer: classical

Question: A composition featuring which insect is often used in advertising and movie soundtracks?
Answer: Bumblebee

Question: Which of the following is not the name of a piece of music: Flight of the Bumblebee, A Space Odyssey, or Symphony No. 5?
Answer: A Space Odyssey

Question: Which section of Also sprach Zarathustra was featured in a famous film?
Answer: the opening

Question: The openings of "O Fortuna", "Also sprach Zarathustra", and this other opening are often used commercially.
Answer: Symphony No. 5

Question: Which number Symphony of Beethoven's is often used commercially?
Answer: 5

Question: what artistic piece of work is mentioned third to last?
Answer: Wagner's Ride of the Valkyries from Die Walküre
Classical_music

The written score, however, does not usually contain explicit instructions as to how to interpret the piece in terms of production or performance, apart from directions for dynamics, tempo and expression (to a certain extent). This is left to the discretion of the performers, who are guided by their personal experience and musical education, their knowledge of the work's idiom, their personal artistic tastes, and the accumulated body of historic performance practices.

Question: The performer's personal artistic tastes helps the performer do what?
Answer: interpret the piece in terms of production or performance

Question: Aside from achieving the objective measures in the test, how do musicians determine how to perform?
Answer: guided by their personal experience and musical education, their knowledge of the work's idiom, their personal artistic tastes, and the accumulated body of historic performance practices

Question: What do the performers get to determine?
Answer: how to interpret the piece in terms of production or performance

Question: What instructions does the written piece contain?
Answer: dynamics, tempo and expression

Question: Why may some argue the score is subjective?
Answer: does not usually contain explicit instructions as to how to interpret the piece

Question: A certain extent of direction is supplied for what?
Answer: expression

Question: What is left to the discretion of the performers?
Answer: interpret the piece in terms of production or performance

Question: How does a musicians' personal artistic tastes play into their performance?
Answer: how to interpret the piece

Question: What is the main idea of the passage?
Answer: how to interpret the piece in terms of production or performance, apart from directions for dynamics, tempo and expression

Question: What does the passage make an important point about the main topic?
Answer: does not usually contain explicit instructions

Question: What guidance is provided for musicians?
Answer: directions for dynamics, tempo and expression (to a certain extent)

Question: Who are the ones that make the most impact on a production and why?
Answer: the performers, who are guided by their personal experience and musical education, their knowledge of the work's idiom, their personal artistic tastes, and the accumulated body of historic performance practices
Classical_music

Numerous examples show influence in the opposite direction, including popular songs based on classical music, the use to which Pachelbel's Canon has been put since the 1970s, and the musical crossover phenomenon, where classical musicians have achieved success in the popular music arena. In heavy metal, a number of lead guitarists (playing electric guitar) modeled their playing styles on Baroque or Classical era instrumental music, including Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads.

Question: What type of musician is Randy Rhoads?
Answer: lead guitarists

Question: What type of musician is Ritchie Blackmore?
Answer: lead guitarists

Question: What has Pachelbel's music been used in?
Answer: popular songs

Question: What genre has Pachelbel's music been used in?
Answer: popular music arena

Question: If a popular songwriter is looking for inspiration, what is a source with proven success?
Answer: classical music

Question: What genre of music is Blackmore's specialty?
Answer: heavy metal

Question: What type of musician has been influenced by Classical music?
Answer: lead guitarists

Question: Where has Pachelbel's music been used?
Answer: the popular music arena

Question: What musicians are influenced by classical music?
Answer: Ritchie Blackmore and Randy Rhoads

Question: What period besides Classical influenced popular musicians?
Answer: Baroque

Question: What roles do Blackmore and Rhoads play in their musical groups?
Answer: lead guitarists
Classical_music

The Renaissance era was from 1400 to 1600. It was characterized by greater use of instrumentation, multiple interweaving melodic lines, and the use of the first bass instruments. Social dancing became more widespread, so musical forms appropriate to accompanying dance began to standardize.

Question: It is implied that social dancing although popular during the Renaissance era, came about prior to what date?
Answer: 1400

Question: What is implied to have not existed prior to the Renaissance in regards to music?
Answer: bass instruments

Question: Multiple interweaving melodic lines became popular in what centuries?
Answer: 1400 to 1600

Question: What activity involves interaction and movement?
Answer: dance

Question: When did music change
Answer: Renaissance

Question: What got used more from 1400-1600
Answer: instrumentation

Question: When did bass music start
Answer: Renaissance

Question: During the 14th century until the 16th century, the Renaissance did what to music in regards to social dancing?
Answer: standardize

Question: Dancing is done with what playing?
Answer: musical forms

Question: How did the music change
Answer: standardize

Question: The Renaissance unlike the Enlightenment Period focused more on types of art such as what?
Answer: musical forms

Question: The Renaissance era in regards to music had which unique aspect regarding musical notes?
Answer: interweaving melodic lines
2008_Sichuan_earthquake

Although the Chinese government was initially praised for its response to the quake (especially in comparison to Myanmar's ruling military junta's blockade of aid during Cyclone Nargis), it then saw an erosion in confidence over the school construction scandal.

Question: What event was aid given for
Answer: the quake

Question: Which country's response to a natural disaster was profoundly lacking?
Answer: Myanmar

Question: A hurricane that occurs in the south pacific
Answer: Cyclone

Question: What was the other natural disaster besides the big storm
Answer: the quake

Question: What natural disaster did Myanmar not handle well?
Answer: Cyclone Nargis

Question: What did Myanmar do after their natural disaster that was seen as non praiseworthy?
Answer: blockade of aid

Question: What happened in Myanmar
Answer: Cyclone Nargis

Question: What happened in China
Answer: quake

Question: What event took place where the government offered aid
Answer: the quake
2008_Sichuan_earthquake

Official figures (as of July 21, 2008 12:00 CST) stated that 69,197 were confirmed dead, including 68,636 in Sichuan province, and 374,176 injured, with 18,222 listed as missing. The earthquake left about 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million. Approximately 15 million people lived in the affected area. It was the deadliest earthquake to hit China since the 1976 Tangshan earthquake, which killed at least 240,000 people, and the strongest in the country since the 1950 Chayu earthquake, which registered at 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale. It is the 21st deadliest earthquake of all time. On November 6, 2008, the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake, as part of the Chinese economic stimulus program.

Question: How many people no longer have a place to live?
Answer: 4.8 million people homeless, though the number could be as high as 11 million

Question: What is the 3rd worst earthquake to hit this area?
Answer: 1950 Chayu earthquake

Question: What was it going to take to get things back on track after the earthquake?
Answer: the central government announced that it would spend 1 trillion RMB (about US $146.5 billion) over the next three years to rebuild areas ravaged by the earthquake

Question: Were there more dead or missing?
Answer: dead

Question: What area was ravaged by the earthquake that hit three decades before?
Answer: Tangshan

Question: How strong was the Chayu earthquake?
Answer: 8.5 on the Richter magnitude scale

Question: How many people lived in Sichuan province before the earthquake?
Answer: Approximately 15 million

Question: Were more people killed in Sichuan province or in the Tangshan earthquake?
Answer: Tangshan earthquake

Question: Which happened first, the strongest earthquake or the deadliest earthquake?
Answer: strongest
2008_Sichuan_earthquake

The New York Times reported that "government officials in Beijing and Sichuan have said they are investigating the collapses. In an acknowledgment of the weakness of building codes in the countryside, the National Development and Reform Commission said on May 27 that it had drafted an amendment to improve construction standards for primary and middle schools in rural areas. Experts are reviewing the draft, the commission said." To limit protests, officials pushed parents to sign a document, which forbade them from holding protests, in exchange of money, but some who refused to sign were threatened. The payment amounts varied from school to school but were approximately the same. In Hanwang, parents were offered a package valued at 8,800 USD in cash and a per-parent pension of nearly 5,600 USD. Furthermore, officials used other methods of silencing: riot police officers broke up protests by parents; the authorities set up cordons around the schools; and officials ordered the Chinese news media to stop reporting on school collapses.

Question: What were the parents offered from school to school?
Answer: amounts varied

Question: What did the government do to keep the parents away from the school buildings?
Answer: set up cordons around the schools

Question: What did the governments of Beijing and Sichuan claim?
Answer: they are investigating the collapses

Question: How did the government try to get people to agree not to protest?
Answer: money

Question: What happened to parents who wouldn't take the deal offered by officials?
Answer: some who refused to sign were threatened

Question: What did officials do if parents didn't like their agreement?
Answer: threatened

Question: What was the currency described for the bribe?
Answer: USD

Question: What did the government give people as a bribe?
Answer: money

Question: How did the government keep people from knowing about further problems?
Answer: officials ordered the Chinese news media to stop reporting on school collapses

Question: What deal did officials come up with to minimize organized demonstrations?
Answer: officials pushed parents to sign a document, which forbade them from holding protests, in exchange of money

Question: What steps did the NDRC report it was taking to prevent the collapse of educational buildings in future?
Answer: an amendment to improve construction standards for primary and middle schools in rural areas

Question: Why did government official intimidate some parents?
Answer: refused to sign
2008_Sichuan_earthquake

It is also known as the Wenchuan earthquake (Chinese: 汶川大地震; pinyin: Wènchuān dà dìzhèn; literally: "Great Wenchuan earthquake"), after the location of the earthquake's epicenter, Wenchuan County, Sichuan. The epicenter was 80 kilometres (50 mi) west-northwest of Chengdu, the provincial capital, with a focal depth of 19 km (12 mi). The earthquake was also felt in nearby countries and as far away as both Beijing and Shanghai—1,500 km (930 mi) and 1,700 km (1,060 mi) away—where office buildings swayed with the tremor. Strong aftershocks, some exceeding magnitude 6, continued to hit the area even months after the main quake, causing new casualties and damage.

Question: What was the furthest location mentioned that felt the earthquake?
Answer: Shanghai

Question: Mandarin is a language primarily used by which group of people?
Answer: Chinese

Question: What cardinal direction was the focal point of the earthquake relative to the Sichuan capital?
Answer: west-northwest

Question: What was the official title of the event that occured near Chengdu, whose aftershocks occurred for months after?
Answer: Great Wenchuan earthquake

Question: What is the third most populous city in the world, also the capital of the People's Republic of China?
Answer: Beijing

Question: Washington is located on which general coast of the United States?
Answer: west

Question: What was the distance of the furthest location that felt the earthquake?
Answer: 1,700 km (1,060 mi)

Question: The central point of something, more specifically where the earthquake was centralized is called?
Answer: epicenter

Question: What is Chengdu the capital of?
Answer: Sichuan

Question: What is the second most populous city in the world, and the most populated urban area in China?
Answer: Shanghai
2008_Sichuan_earthquake

According to Chinese state officials, the quake caused 69,180 known deaths including 68,636 in Sichuan province; 18,498 people are listed as missing, and 374,176 injured, but these figures may further increase as more reports come in.[dated info] This estimate includes 158 earthquake relief workers who were killed in landslides as they tried to repair roads.

Question: How many helpers died?
Answer: 158

Question: What status was the biggest group of victims?
Answer: injured

Question: What kind of natural disaster occurred?
Answer: earthquake

Question: Where were the dead bodies of the relief workers found?
Answer: roads

Question: Which is lower, the number of known deaths or number of injured?
Answer: known deaths

Question: Which is lower, the number of injured or number of earthquake relief workers who were killed in landslides?
Answer: earthquake relief workers who were killed in landslides

Question: How many people were there whose status was unconfirmed?
Answer: 18,498

Question: What are the Chinese state officials going to do?
Answer: more reports come in

Question: Were more people listed as missing or injured?
Answer: injured

Question: Which is lower, the number of people listed as missing or number of earthquake relief workers who were killed in landslides?
Answer: earthquake relief workers who were killed in landslides

Question: Which is higher, the number of known deaths or number of people listed as missing?
Answer: known deaths
2008_Sichuan_earthquake

On Children's Day, June 1, 2008, many parents went to the rubble of schools to mourn for their children. The surviving children, who were mostly living in relief centres, performed ceremonies marking the special day, but also acknowledging the earthquake.

Question: What was the reason for being sad?
Answer: earthquake

Question: How did the parents of the children mourn?
Answer: went to the rubble of schools

Question: Where did the children who perished used to go?
Answer: schools

Question: Where and when would you find a sad mom?
Answer: On Children's Day, June 1, 2008, many parents went to the rubble of schools

Question: What did they perform ceremonies for?
Answer: Children's Day

Question: Why did the parents choose that date to mourn?
Answer: Children's Day

Question: Where would you find a mom looking for an injured child to come home with her?
Answer: relief centres

Question: Who was sad?
Answer: parents

Question: How did plates under the ground and oceans play a part here?
Answer: earthquake

Question: Where did the children die?
Answer: schools

Question: Why were the schools turned to rubble?
Answer: the earthquake
2008_Sichuan_earthquake

Francis Marcus of the International Federation of the Red Cross praised the Chinese rescue effort as "swift and very efficient" in Beijing on Tuesday. But he added the scale of the disaster was such that "we can't expect that the government can do everything and handle every aspect of the needs". The Economist noted that China reacted to the disaster "rapidly and with uncharacteristic openness", contrasting it with Burma's secretive response to Cyclone Nargis, which devastated that country 10 days before the earthquake.

Question: The government of what country is discussed unfavorably?
Answer: Burma

Question: What comparison was made between China and Burma?
Answer: China reacted to the disaster "rapidly and with uncharacteristic openness"

Question: Who lauded China's efforts?
Answer: Francis Marcus of the International Federation of the Red Cross

Question: What can the government not do?
Answer: everything

Question: What government did not have a secretive response to Cyclone Nargis?
Answer: Chinese

Question: How did China react?
Answer: swift and very efficient

Question: What organization commented on China's response?
Answer: the International Federation of the Red Cross

Question: Why can't the government be expected to meet all the needs?
Answer: the scale of the disaster was such that "we can't expect that the government can do everything and handle every aspect of the needs"

Question: Who commented on the rescue?
Answer: Francis Marcus of the International Federation of the Red Cross

Question: Earthquakes and cyclones are both a type of?
Answer: disaster

Question: Who had a poor response?
Answer: Burma

Question: What happened in China?
Answer: earthquake

Question: What happened after Cyclone Nargis?
Answer: Burma's secretive response