UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Sumer

Later, the 3rd dynasty of Ur under Ur-Nammu and Shulgi, whose power extended as far as southern Assyria, was the last great "Sumerian renaissance", but already the region was becoming more Semitic than Sumerian, with the rise in power of the Akkadian speaking Semites in Assyria and elsewhere, and the influx of waves of Semitic Martu (Amorites) who were to found several competing local powers including Isin, Larsa, Eshnunna and eventually Babylon. The last of these eventually came to dominate the south of Mesopotamia as the Babylonian Empire, just as the Old Assyrian Empire had already done so in the north from the late 21st century BC. The Sumerian language continued as a sacerdotal language taught in schools in Babylonia and Assyria, much as Latin was used in the Medieval period, for as long as cuneiform was utilized.

Question: Sumerian culture was replaced as who gained prominience?
Answer: Akkadian speaking Semites

Question: How did Semitic influence grow?
Answer: rise in power of the Akkadian speaking Semites in Assyria and elsewhere, and the influx of waves of Semitic Martu (Amorites)

Question: Which language was spoken in Assyria first, Sumerian or Akkadian?
Answer: Sumerian

Question: Which language is NOT associated with cuneiform, Sumerian or Latin?
Answer: Latin

Question: Which of the following was not a competing local power: Isin, Larsa, Eshnunna or Shulgi?
Answer: Shulgi

Question: The Babylonians, like the Assyrians, had an?
Answer: Empire

Question: Why did Semitic influence grow?
Answer: the rise in power of the Akkadian speaking Semites in Assyria and elsewhere, and the influx of waves of Semitic Martu (Amorites)

Question: Sumerian had a spot in society like what in Europe?
Answer: Latin

Question: What facilitated Semitic influence?
Answer: the rise in power of the Akkadian speaking Semites in Assyria and elsewhere, and the influx of waves of Semitic Martu (Amorites)
Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

The K-12 and higher education reform programs of the Gates Foundation have been criticized by some education professionals, parents, and researchers because they have driven the conversation on education reform to such an extent that they may marginalize researchers who do not support Gates' predetermined policy preferences. Several Gates-backed policies such as small schools, charter schools, and increasing class sizes have been expensive and disruptive, but some studies indicate they have not improved educational outcomes and may have caused harm. Peer reviewed scientific studies at Stanford find that Charter Schools do not systematically improve student performance

Question: What, besides education, comes from the iniatitives?
Answer: policy preferences

Question: What is the issue with some of the policies?
Answer: expensive and disruptive

Question: How does the program affect education?
Answer: they have driven the conversation on education reform

Question: What has been a criticism of one of Gates' policies?
Answer: Charter Schools do not systematically improve student performance

Question: What is the top level of schooling that is affected by the Gates Foundation's reforms?
Answer: higher education

Question: What is causing potential harm?
Answer: small schools, charter schools, and increasing class sizes

Question: How did a university research charter schools?
Answer: studies

Question: What reform to public education has had the least positive effect on educational outcomes?
Answer: Charter Schools

Question: What is the highest weighted concern facing the Gates Foundation from critics?
Answer: may have caused harm

Question: Who contributed to the research done on Charter Schools?
Answer: Stanford

Question: Other than college, what's the highest level of education being affected by the Gates Foundation reform?
Answer: 12

Question: What is the problem for those who don't support the Gate's reforms?
Answer: marginalize researchers

Question: Why would increasing the number of smaller school work against the goal of the Gates Foundation policy?
Answer: expensive and disruptive

Question: What is a big problem with some of the reform policies?
Answer: expensive and disruptive

Question: How do the policies shape schools?
Answer: Peer reviewed scientific studies at Stanford find that Charter Schools do not systematically improve student performance

Question: In the Gates Foundation policy on education, what has been increased without evidence of improvement?
Answer: class sizes

Question: What segments are against this?
Answer: education professionals, parents, and researchers

Question: What is the lowest grade level for the Gates Foundation reform?
Answer: K
Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

The foundation has donated billions of dollars to help sufferers of AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria, protecting millions of children from death at the hands of preventable diseases. However, a 2007 investigation by The Los Angeles Times claimed there are three major unintended consequences with the foundation's allocation of aid. First, sub-Saharan Africa already suffered from a shortage of primary doctors before the arrival of the Gates Foundation, but "by pouring most contributions into the fight against such high-profile killers as AIDS, Gates grantees have increased the demand for specially trained, higher-paid clinicians, diverting staff from basic care" in sub-Saharan Africa. This "brain drain" adds to the existing doctor shortage and pulls away additional trained staff from children and those suffering from other common killers. Second, "the focus on a few diseases has shortchanged basic needs such as nutrition and transportation". Third, "Gates-funded vaccination programs have instructed caregivers to ignore – even discourage patients from discussing – ailments that the vaccinations cannot prevent".

Question: What disease doesn't have an acronym which the foundation has given money to help?
Answer: tuberculosis and malaria

Question: How many illnesses caused a shortage?
Answer: a few

Question: What went wrong with the donation of billions of dollars?
Answer: unintended consequences with the foundation's allocation of aid

Question: Who found that there were issues with the efforts of the foundation?
Answer: The Los Angeles Times

Question: Why was it bad to donate billions of dollars to help AIDS?
Answer: diverting staff

Question: How many issues were found due to an investigation?
Answer: three

Question: If you can't push the door open, you should try to do what instead?
Answer: pulls

Question: What is being overlooked due to the Gates' grantees?
Answer: basic care

Question: What is the main focus of Gates' efforts?
Answer: AIDS, tuberculosis and malaria

Question: Where is the origninal Hollywood?
Answer: Los Angeles

Question: Whose fatality was prevented by the organization?
Answer: children
Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

In mid 2011, the Foundation announced in its new "Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview" that its funding now focuses primarily on sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia, because access to improved sanitation is lowest in those regions. Their grant-making focus has been since 2011 on sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies"), delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications.

Question: What is an outcome of good sanitation?
Answer: Hygiene

Question: What have the earnings leanings been aiming for?
Answer: sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies"), delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications

Question: Where is the Foundation concentrating on?
Answer: sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

Question: What size is manipulated for ease?
Answer: delivery models

Question: What type of advances are the aim?
Answer: sanitation science and technology

Question: what is at the bottom end of the scale in the text
Answer: sanitation

Question: What's the name of the iniative?
Answer: Water, Sanitation, Hygiene Strategy Overview

Question: What is the last continent mentioned in the text
Answer: Asia

Question: What's the iniative's aim?
Answer: sanitation science and technology ("transformative technologies"), delivery models at scale, urban sanitation markets, building demand for sanitation, measurement and evaluation as well as policy, advocacy and communications

Question: What is the first  area of of cleanliness mentioned in the Overview for health conditions
Answer: Water

Question: What continent besides Asia struggles with lack of sanitation?
Answer: Africa

Question: Why was the funding given?
Answer: sanitation, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia

Question: How far into the century was the initiative announced?
Answer: In mid 2011

Question: Where is all this happening?
Answer: Saharan Africa and South Asia
Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation (or the Gates Foundation, abbreviated as BMGF) is the largest private foundation in the world, founded by Bill and Melinda Gates. It was launched in 2000 and is said to be the largest transparently operated private foundation in the world. The primary aims of the foundation are, globally, to enhance healthcare and reduce extreme poverty, and in America, to expand educational opportunities and access to information technology. The foundation, based in Seattle, Washington, is controlled by its three trustees: Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett. Other principal officers include Co-Chair William H. Gates, Sr. and Chief Executive Officer Susan Desmond-Hellmann.

Question: What does the M in "BMGF" stand for?
Answer: Melinda

Question: What does the G in "BMGF" stand for?
Answer: Gates

Question: What does the F in "BMGF" stand for?
Answer: Foundation

Question: What does the B in "BMGF" stand for?
Answer: Bill
Bill_%26_Melinda_Gates_Foundation

Melinda Gates has stated that the foundation "has decided not to fund abortion". In response to questions about this decision, Gates stated in a June 2014 blog post that she "struggle[s] with the issue" and that "the emotional and personal debate about abortion is threatening to get in the way of the lifesaving consensus regarding basic family planning". Up to 2013, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation provided $71 million to Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations.

Question: Margaret Sanger founded __
Answer: Planned Parenthood

Question: What did the Gates Foundation fund until the announcement?
Answer: Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations

Question: Melinda Gates is a threat to women because she thinks it is possible to what about abortion, a cut-and-clear issue?
Answer: struggle

Question: What did the Foundation support until the announcement was made?
Answer: Planned Parenthood, the primary U.S. abortion provider, and affiliated organizations

Question: Melinda Gates is a bigoted person for her attitude about?
Answer: abortion

Question: The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is inferior to?
Answer: primary U.S. abortion provider

Question: __ has offices in NYC and DC.
Answer: Planned Parenthood

Question: __  began to advocate abortion law reform beginning in 1955
Answer: Planned Parenthood
Sichuan

Sichuan came under the firm control of a Chinese central government during the Sui dynasty, but it was during the subsequent Tang dynasty where Sichuan regained its previous political and cultural prominence for which it was known during the Han. Chengdu became nationally known as a supplier of armies and the home of Du Fu, who is sometimes called China's greatest poet. During the An Lushan Rebellion (755-763), Emperor Xuanzong of Tang fled from Chang'an to Sichuan. The region was torn by constant warfare and economic distress as it was besieged by the Tibetan Empire.

Question: Which occurred first, the Sichuan reclaimed it's governmental and social status or they took a strong hold of a Chinese central government?
Answer: firm control of a Chinese central government

Question: What was Du Fu's ethnicity?
Answer: Chinese

Question: Who was the head of China's central government in 760?
Answer: Xuanzong

Question: Which dynasty occurred first, the Tang dynasty or the Sui dynasty?
Answer: Sui

Question: Du Fu's ethnicity is?
Answer: Chinese

Question: Which occurred second, the An Lushan Rebellion or the Sichuan taking control of a Chinese central government?
Answer: An Lushan Rebellion

Question: Du Fu and what came from the same placce?
Answer: armies

Question: Xuanzong went to a place that had to deal with the?
Answer: Tibetan Empire

Question: Sichuan was most ascendant during which Chinese dynasty?
Answer: Tang

Question: Which occurred second, the Sichuan reclaimed it's governmental and social status or they took a strong hold of a Chinese central government?
Answer: regained its previous political and cultural prominence

Question: Tibet's incursions into Sichuan can be classified as what during the Tang Dynasty?
Answer: constant

Question: Sichuan's cultural prominence originally rose in which Chinese dynasty?
Answer: Han
Copper

The major applications of copper are in electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%). Copper is mostly used as a pure metal, but when a higher hardness is required it is combined with other elements to make an alloy (5% of total use) such as brass and bronze. A small part of copper supply is used in production of compounds for nutritional supplements and fungicides in agriculture. Machining of copper is possible, although it is usually necessary to use an alloy for intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics.

Question: What is the smallest percentage mentioned in the text?
Answer: roofing and plumbing

Question: Which one contains imurity, copper or bronze?
Answer: bronze

Question: The highest use of copper, percentage wise, is in what?
Answer: electrical wires

Question: This thing, mostly used as a pure metal, is also used in the production of compounds for what plant-related industry?
Answer: agriculture

Question: Which one can be used to make fungicide, bronze or copper?
Answer: copper

Question: Which one can be used in food, brass or copper?
Answer: copper

Question: Among the three major applications of copper, which category contains two activities?
Answer: roofing and plumbing

Question: This thing, mostly used as a pure metal, is mainly used in?
Answer: electrical wires (60%), roofing and plumbing (20%) and industrial machinery (15%)

Question: When copper is used as an allow in machinery, for which elements is it used?
Answer: intricate parts

Question: Which one is a kind of alloy, copper or bronze?
Answer: bronze

Question: This thing, mostly used as a pure metal, is no longer pure when it is needed for?
Answer: intricate parts to get good machinability characteristics

Question: Which one is softer, brass or copper?
Answer: Copper

Question: If it is not used as an allow, what is the form in which copper is used?
Answer: pure metal
Copper

Copper is synthesized in massive stars and is present in the Earth's crust at a concentration of about 50 parts per million (ppm), where it occurs as native copper or in minerals such as the copper sulfides chalcopyrite and chalcocite, the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite. The largest mass of elemental copper discovered weighed 420 tonnes and was found in 1857 on the Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan, US. Native copper is a polycrystal, with the largest described single crystal measuring 4.4×3.2×3.2 cm.

Question: Native copper is made up of multiple examples of what?
Answer: crystal

Question: Other than the crust where is copper found?
Answer: massive stars

Question: Copper on earth
Answer: 50 parts per million

Question: What is typically found in the United States?
Answer: polycrystal

Question: What are types of copper minerals?
Answer: the copper carbonates azurite and malachite, and the copper(I) oxide mineral cuprite

Question: What is chalcopyrite?
Answer: minerals

Question: What is copper?
Answer: polycrystal

Question: Where did they find more than 900,000 pounds of raw Cu in the US?
Answer: Keweenaw Peninsula

Question: What makes the element Cu?
Answer: stars

Question: Multiple chunks of copper
Answer: polycrystal

Question: How is it found on Earth?
Answer: native copper or in minerals

Question: Where is copper found?
Answer: Earth's crust

Question: 1,000 kg
Answer: tonnes

Question: Where was the largest elemental copper found?
Answer: Keweenaw Peninsula in Michigan

Question: Which mineral containing carbon is a soft blue made of copper ore deposits?
Answer: azurite

Question: Where does one find Cu?
Answer: Earth's crust
Copper

Chromobacterium violaceum and Pseudomonas fluorescens can both mobilize solid copper, as a cyanide compound. The ericoid mycorrhizal fungi associated with Calluna, Erica and Vaccinium can grow in copper metalliferous soils. The ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus protects young pine trees from copper toxicity. A sample of the fungus Aspergillus niger was found growing from gold mining solution; and was found to contain cyano metal complexes; such as gold, silver, copper iron and zinc. The fungus also plays a role in the solubilization of heavy metal sulfides.

Question: What is the use of fungus Aspergillus niger?
Answer: solubilization of heavy metal sulfides

Question: What needs to be present for movement?
Answer: cyanide

Question: What is needed for the change in chemical process?
Answer: fungus

Question: Where can zinc be extracted?
Answer: fungus Aspergillus niger

Question: What might I find in the Aspergillus niger fungus?
Answer: gold, silver, copper iron and zinc

Question: What can copper form into?
Answer: cyanide compound

Question: What is good for healthy growth of young pine trees?
Answer: ectomycorrhizal fungus Suillus luteus

Question: Why might I need to use the Aspergillus niger fungus?
Answer: solubilization of heavy metal sulfides

Question: What can I find in the fungus that is called Aspergillus niger?
Answer: gold, silver, copper iron and zinc
Southern_Europe

European overseas expansion led to the rise of colonial empires, producing the Columbian Exchange. The combination of resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain, allowed a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture.

Question: Where were the empires in relation to Europe?
Answer: overseas

Question: What opportunity arose from the Columbian Exchange?
Answer: a new economy based on manufacturing

Question: What did the european colonization produce?
Answer: colonial empires

Question: Where is Great Britain located?
Answer: European

Question: What career opportunity was opened up because of the expansion?
Answer: manufacturing

Question: Where is the colombian exchange located?
Answer: New World

Question: What was the Columbian Exchange comprised of?
Answer: resource inflows from the New World and the Industrial Revolution of Great Britain

Question: What was the Columbian Exchange comprised of?
Answer: colonial empires

Question: What was the result of this this?
Answer: a new economy based on manufacturing instead of subsistence agriculture

Question: What didn't Great Britain have before the Columbian Exchange?
Answer: new economy

Question: How was farming regarded?
Answer: subsistence

Question: What didn't Great Britain have before the revolution?
Answer: manufacturing
Southern_Europe

Southern Europe's most emblematic climate is that of the Mediterranean climate, which has become a typically known characteristic of the area. The Mediterranean climate covers much of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey as well as the Mediterranean islands. Those areas of Mediterranean climate present similar vegetations and landscapes throughout, including dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees.

Question: What can you find all over the majority of Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, and the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey, as
Answer: dry hills, small plains, pine forests and olive trees

Question: what is the first country mentioned?
Answer: Portugal

Question: what is the first area mentioned?
Answer: Southern Europe

Question: How would you describe the vegetation and landscapes throughout Portugal, Spain, Southeast France, Italy, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, Greece, the Western and Southern coastal regions of Turkey, and the Mediterranean islands?
Answer: similar

Question: what is the third country mentioned?
Answer: France

Question: Can you name a popular charcuterie board item that is grown in the Mediterranean climate?
Answer: olive

Question: what is the fourth country mentioned?
Answer: Italy

Question: The Mediterranean region is in the area?
Answer: Southern Europe

Question: Croatia is a culturally what country?
Answer: Europe

Question: what is the fifth country mentioned?
Answer: Croatia
Southern_Europe

The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire based on Roman law and Roman legions. It promoted trade, tolerance, and Greek culture. By 300 AD the Roman Empire was divided into the Western Roman Empire based in Rome, and the Eastern Roman Empire based in Constantinople. The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe led to the Fall of the Western Roman Empire in AD 476, a date which traditionally marks the end of the classical period and the start of the Middle Ages.

Question: What was being practiced in Rome?
Answer: Greek culture

Question: What was another name of the Roman Empire?
Answer: classical period

Question: Where besides Rome was the capitial of the Roman Empires
Answer: Constantinople

Question: What was being stationed in Constantinople?
Answer: Roman legions

Question: What rules did Constantinople follow?
Answer: Roman law

Question: What was the pimary cause of the Roman EMpire's demise?
Answer: The attacks of the Germanic peoples of northern Europe

Question: What is notable about the Roman Empire?
Answer: The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire

Question: What preceded the Middle Ages?
Answer: The Roman Empire

Question: What tells us that the Roman Empire had a lot of influence?
Answer: The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire

Question: What is admirable about the Roman Empire?
Answer: The Roman Empire came to dominate the entire Mediterranean basin in a vast empire
Southern_Europe

The period known as classical antiquity began with the rise of the city-states of Ancient Greece. Greek influence reached its zenith under the expansive empire of Alexander the Great, spreading throughout Asia.

Question: The city state form of government eventually expanded to an?
Answer: empire

Question: Where was Alexander the Great viewed as a leader?
Answer: expansive empire

Question: Where did Alexander the Great live?
Answer: expansive empire

Question: Where did Alexander the Great rule over?
Answer: expansive empire

Question: What did Greece give in their area and throughout Asia
Answer: influence

Question: Growth in city states reach a peak in what area
Answer: Ancient Greece

Question: Alexander the Great was?
Answer: Greek

Question: Alexander the great started his expansion from what based area
Answer: Greece

Question: Greek influence went to?
Answer: Asia