UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Houston

Three community college districts exist with campuses in and around Houston. The Houston Community College System serves most of Houston. The northwestern through northeastern parts of the city are served by various campuses of the Lone Star College System, while the southeastern portion of Houston is served by San Jacinto College, and a northeastern portion is served by Lee College. The Houston Community College and Lone Star College systems are within the 10 largest institutions of higher learning in the United States.

Question: What is the higher learning institution for the bottom right part of Houston?
Answer: San Jacinto College

Question: Which of the following is not the name of a community college: Lee, Lone Star or United States?
Answer: United States

Question: How many institutions are there?
Answer: Three community college districts

Question: Where is Houston?
Answer: in the United States

Question: What is true of 2 of the 4 systems?
Answer: San Jacinto College, and a northeastern portion is served by Lee College

Question: Where might Texans likely attend college?
Answer: The Houston Community College System serves most of Houston. The northwestern through northeastern parts of the city are served by various campuses of the Lone Star College System, while the southeastern portion of Houston is served by San Jacinto College, and a northeastern portion is served by Lee College

Question: Which college is smallest: Houston Community College, San Jacinto College, or Lone Star College?
Answer: San Jacinto College

Question: What shows that education is important in Texas?
Answer: Three community college districts exist with campuses in and around Houston

Question: What system and college serve the same area but are separate?
Answer: San Jacinto College

Question: What is the central district?
Answer: Houston Community College System

Question: What system has the same name as a river?
Answer: San Jacinto College

Question: Whose citizens in the United States does Lee College serve?
Answer: Houston

Question: What college groups are not in the top 10?
Answer: San Jacinto College, and a northeastern portion is served by Lee College

Question: What is served by the system?
Answer: Houston

Question: Which parts of the city are NOT served by the San Jacinto College?
Answer: northwestern through northeastern

Question: Whose citizens in the United States does San Jacinto College serve?
Answer: Houston

Question: What is the higher learning institution for the top right part of Houston?
Answer: Lee College
Houston

By 1860, Houston had emerged as a commercial and railroad hub for the export of cotton. Railroad spurs from the Texas inland converged in Houston, where they met rail lines to the ports of Galveston and Beaumont. During the American Civil War, Houston served as a headquarters for General John Bankhead Magruder, who used the city as an organization point for the Battle of Galveston. After the Civil War, Houston businessmen initiated efforts to widen the city's extensive system of bayous so the city could accept more commerce between downtown and the nearby port of Galveston. By 1890, Houston was the railroad center of Texas.

Question: Where did Magruder carry out the planning for an important Civil War battle?
Answer: Houston

Question: How did the railroad center of Texas get its start?
Answer: export of cotton

Question: What out of reach area benefited greatly from the railroad system that ultimately led to port cities?
Answer: the Texas inland

Question: Where in Texas are valuable waterside cities?
Answer: Galveston and Beaumont

Question: The expansion of what further cemented Houston's emergence as a powerhouse commercial city?
Answer: bayous

Question: What city did General John Bankhead Magruder plan his fight in?
Answer: Houston

Question: What city had to have its bayous widened so more commerce could come in?
Answer: Houston

Question: Why was General John Bankhead Magruder in Houston?
Answer: as a headquarters

Question: Where is the city of Beaumont located?
Answer: Texas

Question: Where is the city of Galveston located?
Answer: Texas
Houston

Houston has mild winters in contrast to most areas of the United States. In January, the normal mean temperature at Intercontinental Airport is 53.1 °F (11.7 °C), while that station has an average of 13 days with a low at or below freezing. Snowfall is rare. Recent snow events in Houston include a storm on December 24, 2004 when one inch (2.5 cm) of snow accumulated in parts of the metro area. Falls of at least one inch on both December 10, 2008 and December 4, 2009 marked the first time measurable snowfall had occurred in two consecutive years in the city's recorded history. The coldest temperature officially recorded in Houston was 5 °F (−15 °C) on January 18, 1940. Houston has historically received an ample amount of rainfall, averaging about 49.8 in (1,260 mm) annually per 1981–2010 normals. Localized flooding often occurs, owing to the extremely flat topography and widespread typical clay-silt prairie soils, which do not drain quickly.

Question: How much snow did not fall on Houston on December 4, 2009, in inches?
Answer: 49.8

Question: What was the first year in the two consecutive years of snowfall?
Answer: 2008

Question: What was not the coldest temperature recorded, in Fahrenheit?
Answer: 53.1

Question: What is considered a significant snowfall in Houston?
Answer: one inch (2.5 cm) of snow

Question: Which of the following is not a month: February, January or winter?
Answer: winters

Question: What can be said of what rain can cause problematically?
Answer: Localized flooding often occurs, owing to the extremely flat topography and widespread typical clay-silt prairie soils, which do not drain quickly

Question: What happened at around the same time annually back to back that is worthy of note?
Answer: marked the first time measurable snowfall had occurred in two consecutive years in the city's recorded history

Question: How do I know  when there was in snow in Texas?
Answer: December 24, 2004

Question: What month was the coldest temperature not recorded in Houston?
Answer: December

Question: Which of the following is not a cause of flooding: flat topography, recorded history or clay-silt prairie soils?
Answer: recorded history

Question: Which came first, the coldest temperature officially recorded or snowfall in two consecutive years?
Answer: coldest temperature officially recorded

Question: What is the climate in Texas in January?
Answer: mild

Question: Slow-draining soil and what other feature causes localized flooding for Houston?
Answer: extremely flat topography

Question: What is the coldest temp Houston has ever experienced in celcius?
Answer: −15 °C

Question: Even though snow is a rare occurrence, what can be said of precipitation in the area?
Answer: rainfall, averaging about 49.8 in

Question: How much rain does Houston typically receive?
Answer: 1,260 mm

Question: What type of weather does Houston typically get in the Winter?
Answer: rainfall
Houston

The University of Houston System's annual impact on the Houston area's economy equates to that of a major corporation: $1.1 billion in new funds attracted annually to the Houston area, $3.13 billion in total economic benefit and 24,000 local jobs generated. This is in addition to the 12,500 new graduates the U.H. System produces every year who enter the workforce in Houston and throughout the state of Texas. These degree-holders tend to stay in Houston. After five years, 80.5% of graduates are still living and working in the region.

Question: Graduates leave the?
Answer: University of Houston

Question: Houston is in?
Answer: Texas

Question: How much does the Houston area gain every year?
Answer: $3.13 billion

Question: Where is Houston located?
Answer: Texas

Question: People who go through the university are called?
Answer: graduates

Question: What are Houston graduates doing in the Houston area?
Answer: living and working

Question: Graduates perform many?
Answer: jobs

Question: What sector does U of Houston have the most impact on?
Answer: economy

Question: Where is the city of Houston?
Answer: Texas

Question: The university helps the region's?
Answer: economy

Question: Graduates get?
Answer: degree
Houston

In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs—Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen—from New York, purchased 6,642 acres (26.88 km2) of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city. The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the popular general at the Battle of San Jacinto, who was elected President of Texas in September 1836. The great majority of slaves in Texas came with their owners from the older slave states. Sizable numbers, however, came through the domestic slave trade. New Orleans was the center of this trade in the Deep South, but there were slave dealers in Houston. Thousands of enslaved African-Americans lived near the city before the Civil War. Many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations, while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs. In 1860 forty-nine percent of the city's population was enslaved. A few slaves, perhaps as many as 2,000 between 1835 and 1865, came through the illegal African trade. Post-war Texas grew rapidly as migrants poured into the cotton lands of the state. They also brought or purchased enslaved African Americans, whose numbers nearly tripled in the state from 1850 to 1860, from 58,000 to 182,566.

Question: Were there more acres of land in Buffalo Bayou or slaves who came through the illegal African trade?
Answer: acres (26.88 km2) of land along Buffalo Bayou

Question: Which of the following was not one of the Allen brothers: Augustus, Sam or John?
Answer: Sam

Question: How did most slaves arrive in the state that Sam Houston was president of?
Answer: The great majority of slaves in Texas came with their owners from the older slave states

Question: Were there fewer slaves in 1850 or 1860?
Answer: 1850

Question: More than real estate partners, what is the relationship between the pair?
Answer: brothers

Question: What is the term for the oppressed people mentioned in the passage?
Answer: slaves

Question: The partners mentioned are named?
Answer: Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen
Houston

Underpinning Houston's land surface are unconsolidated clays, clay shales, and poorly cemented sands up to several miles deep. The region's geology developed from river deposits formed from the erosion of the Rocky Mountains. These sediments consist of a series of sands and clays deposited on decaying organic marine matter, that over time, transformed into oil and natural gas. Beneath the layers of sediment is a water-deposited layer of halite, a rock salt. The porous layers were compressed over time and forced upward. As it pushed upward, the salt dragged surrounding sediments into salt dome formations, often trapping oil and gas that seeped from the surrounding porous sands. The thick, rich, sometimes black, surface soil is suitable for rice farming in suburban outskirts where the city continues to grow.

Question: What is a higher elevation, the Rocky Mountains or clay shales under Houston?
Answer: the Rocky Mountains

Question: What is the source of the land surface in Houston
Answer: the Rocky Mountains

Question: Which is deeper in the earth, rice farms or clay shales under Houston?
Answer: clay shales

Question: what is notable about the color of dirt used for crops around Houston
Answer: sometimes black

Question: what is the second natural fuel listed
Answer: gas

Question: Which of the following is less useful to farmers, black surface soil or rock salt?
Answer: rock salt

Question: Which of the following is not a type of ground: clays, sands or water?
Answer: water

Question: Which of the following is not a liquid: oil, natural gas or water?
Answer: natural gas

Question: What is deeper in the Earth, surface soil or halite?
Answer: halite

Question: Which is deeper in the earth, rice farms, or oil and natural gas?
Answer: oil and natural gas

Question: What is a lower elevation, the Rocky Mountains or the sands under Houston?
Answer: sands
Houston

The primary city airport is George Bush Intercontinental Airport (IAH), the tenth-busiest in the United States for total passengers, and twenty eighth-busiest worldwide. Bush Intercontinental currently ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations. In 2006, the United States Department of Transportation named IAH the fastest-growing of the top ten airports in the United States. The Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center stands on the George Bush Intercontinental Airport grounds.

Question: I could go where if I flew from IAH?
Answer: 182 destinations

Question: How would you see this destination classified when searching for flights specifically?
Answer: IAH

Question: The number of what gives IAH a rank of 28 in the world?
Answer: passengers

Question: This airport is busy, currently being?
Answer: fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service with 182 destinations

Question: This airport is located in?
Answer: Houston

Question: Where is the airport not ranked 28?
Answer: United States

Question: What is named after a president?
Answer: Airport

Question: What is affiliated with the airport?
Answer: Houston Air Route Traffic Control Center

Question: What would I be flying if I booked a trip to London from Houston?
Answer: international

Question: What entity relates to the 4th ranking?
Answer: Bush Intercontinental

Question: How large is the IAH airport?
Answer: twenty eighth-busiest worldwide

Question: What distinction is IAH known for?
Answer: the fastest-growing of the top ten airports in the United States

Question: What ranking higher than the top ten in the US?
Answer: ranks fourth in the United States for non-stop domestic and international service

Question: How does IAH rank in non stop flights?
Answer: fourth in the United States
Houston

Houston was incorporated in 1837 under the ward system of representation. The ward designation is the progenitor of the eleven current-day geographically oriented Houston City Council districts. Locations in Houston are generally classified as either being inside or outside the Interstate 610 Loop. The inside encompasses the central business district and many residential neighborhoods that predate World War II. More recently, high-density residential areas have been developed within the loop. The city's outlying areas, suburbs and enclaves are located outside of the loop. Beltway 8 encircles the city another 5 miles (8.0 km) farther out.

Question: Which of these is outside the loop, residential areas or Beltway 8?
Answer: Beltway 8

Question: Where can the culturally distinct communities be found?
Answer: outside of the loop

Question: What is the main highway of Houston?
Answer: Interstate 610 Loop

Question: What's the name of the passageway that plays a major role in Houston's neighborhood groupings?
Answer: the Interstate 610 Loop

Question: How were the areas inside the highway developed?
Answer: high-density

Question: From the inside of the 610 Loop looking outward, what areas can be seen?
Answer: outlying areas, suburbs and enclaves

Question: What decides the City Council districts orientation?
Answer: geographically

Question: Where might a Houston resident living outside the 610 Loop drive besides that interstate?
Answer: Beltway 8

Question: What distinguishes the district of Houston?
Answer: classified as either being inside or outside the Interstate 610 Loop

Question: If you add up the Houston City Council districts, what is the final count?
Answer: eleven

Question: How early were Houston City Council districts developed?
Answer: predate World War II

Question: What are some of the most modern developments in Houston that are not on the outside of the 610 Loop?
Answer: high-density residential areas
Cubism

In their theoretical rules, the Cubist architects expressed the requirement of dynamism, which would surmount the matter and calm contained in it, through a creative idea, so that the result would evoke feelings of dynamism and expressive plasticity in the viewer. This should be achieved by shapes derived from pyramids, cubes and prisms, by arrangements and compositions of oblique surfaces, mainly triangular, sculpted facades in protruding crystal-like units, reminiscent of the so-called diamond cut, or even cavernous that are reminiscent of the late Gothic architecture. In this way, the entire surfaces of the facades including even the gables and dormers are sculpted. The grilles as well as other architectural ornaments attain a three-dimensional form. Thus, new forms of windows and doors were also created, e. g. hexagonal windows. Czech Cubist architects also designed Cubist furniture.

Question: How does this manifest?
Answer: shapes derived from pyramids, cubes and prisms

Question: Where can an analog be found?
Answer: the late Gothic architecture

Question: On what might have the Cubist architects tried use the different shapes?
Answer: the entire surfaces of the facades

Question: What do architects look at?
Answer: dynamism

Question: What might the Cubists have tried to avoid?
Answer: the matter and calm contained in it

Question: What is the importance of dynamism in theoretical rules of Cubist architects?
Answer: surmount the matter and calm contained in it, through a creative idea, so that the result would evoke feelings of dynamism and expressive plasticity in the viewer

Question: What might be accomplished by surmounting the calm?
Answer: feelings of dynamism and expressive plasticity in the viewer

Question: What other forms did the dynamism concept include besides facades?
Answer: Thus, new forms of windows and doors were also created, e. g. hexagonal windows. Czech Cubist architects also designed Cubist furniture

Question: What is a requirement of the architects?
Answer: dynamism, which would surmount the matter and calm contained in it, through a creative idea, so that the result would evoke feelings of dynamism and expressive plasticity in the viewer

Question: How does it compare to its analog?
Answer: reminiscent of the so-called diamond cut, or even cavernous

Question: What did Cubist architecture change in terms of construction and home?
Answer: Thus, new forms of windows and doors were also created, e. g. hexagonal windows. Czech Cubist architects also designed Cubist furniture

Question: How are the theoretical rules plastered by the Cubist architects?
Answer: by shapes derived from pyramids, cubes and prisms, by arrangements and compositions of oblique surfaces
Cubism

The most extreme forms of Cubism were not those practiced by Picasso and Braque, who resisted total abstraction. Other Cubists, by contrast, especially František Kupka, and those considered Orphists by Apollinaire (Delaunay, Léger, Picabia and Duchamp), accepted abstraction by removing visible subject matter entirely. Kupka’s two entries at the 1912 Salon d'Automne, Amorpha-Fugue à deux couleurs and Amorpha chromatique chaude, were highly abstract (or nonrepresentational) and metaphysical in orientation. Both Duchamp in 1912 and Picabia from 1912 to 1914 developed an expressive and allusive abstraction dedicated to complex emotional and sexual themes. Beginning in 1912 Delaunay painted a series of paintings entitled Simultaneous Windows, followed by a series entitled Formes Circulaires, in which he combined planar structures with bright prismatic hues; based on the optical characteristics of juxtaposed colors his departure from reality in the depiction of imagery was quasi-complete. In 1913–14 Léger produced a series entitled Contrasts of Forms, giving a similar stress to color, line and form. His Cubism, despite its abstract qualities, was associated with themes of mechanization and modern life. Apollinaire supported these early developments of abstract Cubism in Les Peintres cubistes (1913), writing of a new "pure" painting in which the subject was vacated. But in spite of his use of the term Orphism these works were so different that they defy attempts to place them in a single category.

Question: What happened between the 13th year of the 20th century and the 14th year of the 20th century?
Answer: Léger produced a series entitled Contrasts of Forms

Question: Which was painted later, Amorpha-Fugue a deux couleurs or Contrasts of Forms?
Answer: Contrasts of Forms

Question: What artist practiced the most extreme forms of Cubism?
Answer: František Kupka

Question: Which of the following was the most extreme Cubist: Picasso, Duchamp or Braque?
Answer: Duchamp

Question: Which of the following was NOT painted by Kupka: Amorpha-Fugue a deux, Formes Circulaires, or Amorpha chromatique chaude?
Answer: Formes Circulaires

Question: Who created a work where he combined planar structures with bright prismatic hues?
Answer: Delaunay

Question: Who developed an expressive and allusive abstraction dedicated to complex emotional and sexual themes and when did they do it?
Answer: Duchamp in 1912 and Picabia from 1912 to 1914

Question: What happened early in the 12th year of the 20th century?
Answer: Delaunay painted a series of paintings

Question: Who's work is associated with themes of mechanization and modern life?
Answer: Léger

Question: What non-visual work, in the article, is mentioned to have published in the 13th year of the 20th century?
Answer: Cubism in Les Peintres cubistes

Question: Who's works were so different that they defy attempts to place them in a single category?
Answer: Apollinaire
Cubism

The original Cubist architecture is very rare. There is only one country in the world where Cubism was really applied to architecture – namely Bohemia (today Czech Republic) and especially its capital, Prague. Czech architects were the first and only ones in the world to ever design original Cubist buildings. Cubist architecture flourished for the most part between 1910–1914, but the Cubist or Cubism-influenced buildings were also built after the World War I. After the war, the architectural style called Rondo-Cubism was developed in Prague fusing the Cubist architecture with round shapes.

Question: Why is the design not found in the UK?
Answer: rare

Question: How common is the architecture style that flourished in Bohemia between 1910-1914?
Answer: very rare

Question: Combining cubism with circular figures culminates in what?
Answer: Rondo-Cubism

Question: Name a country where Cubism architecture is used.
Answer: Bohemia

Question: Who were the second to develop Cubist-influenced buildings?
Answer: Czech architects were the first and only ones in the world to ever design original Cubist buildings

Question: What is common in the rare design fused with additional style round shapes or cubist?
Answer: round shapes

Question: where is the first mentioned type of design found?
Answer: Bohemia

Question: What was the other country to apply Cubism to architecture?
Answer: There is only one country in the world where Cubism was really applied to architecture
Cubism

The historical study of Cubism began in the late 1920s, drawing at first from sources of limited data, namely the opinions of Guillaume Apollinaire. It came to rely heavily on Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler's book Der Weg zum Kubismus (published in 1920), which centered on the developments of Picasso, Braque, Léger, and Gris. The terms "analytical" and "synthetic" which subsequently emerged have been widely accepted since the mid-1930s. Both terms are historical impositions that occurred after the facts they identify. Neither phase was designated as such at the time corresponding works were created. "If Kahnweiler considers Cubism as Picasso and Braque," wrote Daniel Robbins, "our only fault is in subjecting other Cubists' works to the rigors of that limited definition."

Question: Who helped start the idea of cubism with Gris?
Answer: Picasso, Braque, Léger

Question: Which is not a last name, Kahnweiler or Rigors?
Answer: rigors

Question: Which is the most reliable source on cubism?
Answer: Der Weg zum Kubismus