UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Macintosh

After the Lisa's announcement, John Dvorak discussed rumors of a mysterious "MacIntosh" project at Apple in February 1983. The company announced the Macintosh 128K—manufactured at an Apple factory in Fremont, California—in October 1983, followed by an 18-page brochure included with various magazines in December. The Macintosh was introduced by a US$1.5 million Ridley Scott television commercial, "1984". It most notably aired during the third quarter of Super Bowl XVIII on January 22, 1984, and is now considered a "watershed event" and a "masterpiece." Regis McKenna called the ad "more successful than the Mac itself." "1984" used an unnamed heroine to represent the coming of the Macintosh (indicated by a Picasso-style picture of the computer on her white tank top) as a means of saving humanity from the "conformity" of IBM's attempts to dominate the computer industry. The ad alludes to George Orwell's novel, Nineteen Eighty-Four, which described a dystopian future ruled by a televised "Big Brother."

Question: Which happened first, Apple announced the Macintosh 128K or Apple released an 18-page brochure that was included with various magazines?
Answer: announced the Macintosh 128K

Question: Which happened first, John Dvorak discussed rumors of a mysterious "MacIntosh" project or Apple announced the Macintosh 128K?
Answer: John Dvorak discussed rumors of a mysterious "MacIntosh" project

Question: What was the name of the American football game that was played in 1984 in which Apple advertised its product?
Answer: Super Bowl XVIII

Question: Who is one of Apple's main competitors?
Answer: IBM

Question: Apple's ad of 1984 denotes freedom from which company's monopolistic reign?
Answer: IBM

Question: Which happened earlier, Apple announced the Macintosh 128K or Super Bowl XVIII?
Answer: announced the Macintosh 128K

Question: Which character in Orwell's novel is represented by IBM?
Answer: Big Brother

Question: What artist is referenced in the "1984" commercial?
Answer: Picasso

Question: Which happened later, John Dvorak discussed rumors of a mysterious "MacIntosh" project or Super Bowl XVIII?
Answer: Super Bowl XVIII

Question: What company did Ridley Scott make a commercial for?
Answer: Apple

Question: Which happened first, John Dvorak discussed rumors of a mysterious "MacIntosh" project or Apple released an 18-page brochure that was included with various magazines?
Answer: John Dvorak discussed rumors of a mysterious "MacIntosh" project

Question: which influential artist was the apple ad of 1984 modeled after?
Answer: Picasso

Question: What kind of novel is 1984?
Answer: dystopian
Macintosh

From 2001 to 2008, Mac sales increased continuously on an annual basis. Apple reported worldwide sales of 3.36 million Macs during the 2009 holiday season. As of Mid-2011, the Macintosh continues to enjoy rapid market share increase in the US, growing from 7.3% of all computer shipments in 2010 to 9.3% in 2011. According to IDC's quarterly PC tracker, globally, in 3rd quarter of 2014, Apple's PC market share increased 5.7 percent year over year, with record sales of 5.5 million units. Apple now sits in the number five spot, with a global market share of about 6% during 2014, behind Lenovo, HP, Dell and Acer.

Question: About a tenth of the computers sold around the US in 2011 were one kind sold by whom?
Answer: Apple

Question: If the number of sales of Macs continued to increase every single year, it can be inferred that the number sold before 2008 never exceeded what?
Answer: 3.36 million

Question: Of the companies listed in the article as having the highest global market share, which company's name is an abbreviation?
Answer: HP

Question: It can be inferred that, in 2009, the number of computers sold by Apple was at its peak during what period?
Answer: holiday season

Question: The proportion of Macs to other computers sold in the US increased about 2% during what year?
Answer: 2010
Materialism

Davies' and Gribbin's objections are shared by proponents of digital physics who view information rather than matter to be fundamental. Their objections were also shared by some founders of quantum theory, such as Max Planck, who wrote:

Question: What do these people think is less important?
Answer: matter

Question: What do these people think is most important?
Answer: information

Question: Who bucked against an idea along with Davies and Max?
Answer: Gribbin

Question: Who shared disagreement?
Answer: Davies' and Gribbin

Question: What was a result of looking at the information?
Answer: objections

Question: What side of division do Davies and Gribbins lie?
Answer: physics who view information rather than matter
Materialism

Later Indian materialist Jayaraashi Bhatta (6th century) in his work Tattvopaplavasimha ("The upsetting of all principles") refuted the Nyaya Sutra epistemology. The materialistic Cārvāka philosophy appears to have died out some time after 1400. When Madhavacharya compiled Sarva-darśana-samgraha (a digest of all philosophies) in the 14th century, he had no Cārvāka/Lokāyata text to quote from, or even refer to.

Question: What writings were unavailable for research to Madhavacharya?
Answer: Cārvāka/Lokāyata text

Question: Which work was completed first, "The upsetting of all principles" or a digest of all philosophies?
Answer: The upsetting of all principles

Question: What is the English translation of Bhatta's writing?
Answer: The upsetting of all principles

Question: Which work is more recent, Madhavacharya's a digest of all philosophies, or Bhatta's "The upsetting of all principles"?
Answer: a digest of all philosophies

Question: Bhatta died before?
Answer: Madhavacharya

Question: What is the engllish translation of Bhatta's work that refuted Nyaya Sutra epistemology?
Answer: The upsetting of all principles

Question: Of the works discussed, which work was composed most recently?
Answer: Sarva-darśana-samgraha

Question: Bhatta lived before the?
Answer: 1400

Question: Of the works discussed, which title was written earliest?
Answer: Tattvopaplavasimha

Question: What is the English translation of Madhavacharya's work?
Answer: a digest of all philosophies
Myocardial_infarction

Aspirin is an appropriate immediate treatment for a suspected MI. Nitroglycerin or opioids may be used to help with chest pain; however, they do not improve overall outcomes. Supplemental oxygen should be used in those with low oxygen levels or shortness of breath. In ST elevation MIs treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended and include angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open, or thrombolysis, where the blockage is removed using medications. People who have a non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) are often managed with the blood thinner heparin, with the additional use angioplasty in those at high risk. In people with blockages of multiple coronary arteries and diabetes, bypass surgery (CABG) may be recommended rather than angioplasty. After an MI, lifestyle modifications, along with long term treatment with aspirin, beta blockers, and statins, are typically recommended.

Question: What is given for pain?
Answer: Nitroglycerin or opioids

Question: What medication actually improves outcomes?
Answer: Aspirin

Question: What should you take if you think you might be having a heart attack?
Answer: Aspirin

Question: Wha removes the obstructions?
Answer: thrombolysis

Question: What help blood circulation to the heart?
Answer: angioplasty, where the arteries are pushed open

Question: What are ways to prevent recurring issues to surgey patients?
Answer: aspirin, beta blockers, and statins

Question: what happens when a segment of EKC is elevated?
Answer: treatments which attempt to restore blood flow to the heart are typically recommended

Question: Which medications do not seem to make a long-term difference?
Answer: Nitroglycerin or opioids

Question: What does angioplasty do?
Answer: restore blood flow to the heart

Question: How is blood flow to the heart fixed?
Answer: angioplasty

Question: What is a common procedure for more severe blockages>
Answer: CABG
Myocardial_infarction

Shortness of breath occurs when the damage to the heart limits the output of the left ventricle, causing left ventricular failure and consequent pulmonary edema. Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations. These symptoms are likely induced by a massive surge of catecholamines from the sympathetic nervous system, which occurs in response to pain and the blood flow abnormalities that result from dysfunction of the heart muscle. Loss of consciousness (due to inadequate blood flow to the brain and cardiogenic shock) and sudden death (frequently due to the development of ventricular fibrillation) can occur in MIs.

Question: What causes end of life?
Answer: due to the development of ventricular fibrillation

Question: What can happen to you brain if you have shortness of breath?
Answer: light-headedness

Question: What else should be watched for?
Answer: Other symptoms include diaphoresis (an excessive form of sweating), weakness, light-headedness, nausea, vomiting, and palpitations

Question: What might you feel in your stomach due to damage to the heart?
Answer: nausea

Question: What can happen in the digestive system due to heart damage?
Answer: nausea, vomiting

Question: What happens when the heart is damaged?
Answer: causing left ventricular failure and consequent pulmonary edema

Question: Why does the brain cease to function?
Answer: inadequate blood flow

Question: How can the affects of heart damage be seen on the skin?
Answer: diaphoresis

Question: What other symptoms occur in the heart after damage is incurred?
Answer: palpitations

Question: What causes symptoms in the nervous system?
Answer: in response to pain and the blood flow abnormalities

Question: What symptoms of shortness of breath can show in your heart?
Answer: palpitations
Post-punk

Though the music varied widely between regions and artists, the post-punk movement has been characterized by its "conceptual assault" on rock conventions and rejection of aesthetics perceived of as traditionalist, hegemonic or rockist in favor of experimentation with production techniques and non-rock musical styles such as dub, electronic music, disco, noise, jazz, krautrock, world music and the avant-garde. While post-punk musicians often avoided or intentionally obscured conventional influences, previous musical styles did serve as touchstones for the movement, including particular brands of glam, art rock and "[the] dark undercurrent of '60s music".[nb 1] According to Reynolds, artists once again approached the studio as an instrument, using new recording methods and pursuing novel sonic territories. Author Matthew Bannister wrote that post-punk artists rejected the high cultural references of 1960s rock artists like the Beatles and Bob Dylan as well as paradigms that defined "rock as progressive, as art, as 'sterile' studio perfectionism ... by adopting an avant-garde aesthetic".

Question: What served as a touchstone for the post-punk musicians?
Answer: particular brands of glam, art rock and "[the] dark undercurrent of '60s music"

Question: What was done to conventional influences in the post-punk movement?
Answer: obscured

Question: Whose music varied widely?
Answer: the post-punk movement

Question: What sort of non rock musical style was experimented with besides electronic music, dub, disco, noise, krautrock, world music and avant-garde?
Answer: jazz

Question: What was acceptable as music from the 1960s?
Answer: "[the] dark undercurrent of '60s music"

Question: What style was acceptable along with dub, electronic, disco, avant-garde, jazz, krautrock, and world music?
Answer: noise

Question: What paradigms did the post-punk artists reject?
Answer: paradigms that defined "rock as progressive, as art, as 'sterile' studio perfectionism

Question: What did post-punk artists feel about Bob Dylan?
Answer: 'sterile' studio perfectionism

Question: What style was acceptable along with dub, electronic, avant-garde, noise, jazz, krautrock, and world music?
Answer: disco

Question: Who did Bannister talk about that had avant garde aesthetic?
Answer: post-punk artists

Question: What style was acceptable along with dub, avant-garde, disco, noise, jazz, krautrock, and world music?
Answer: electronic

Question: What was the used as an instrument in the post-punk movement?
Answer: studio

Question: Aesthetics perceived as traditionalist, rockist and what were rejected during the post-punk movement?
Answer: hegemonic
Post-punk

During the initial punk era, a variety of entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes began founding independent record labels, including Rough Trade (founded by record shop owner Geoff Travis) and Factory (founded by Manchester-based television personality Tony Wilson). By 1977, groups began pointedly pursuing methods of releasing music independently , an idea disseminated in particular by the Buzzcocks' release of their Spiral Scratch EP on their own label as well as the self-released 1977 singles of Desperate Bicycles. These DIY imperatives would help form the production and distribution infrastructure of post-punk and the indie music scene that later blossomed in the mid-1980s.

Question: Who would you have likely not saw on a channel like NBC perhaps?
Answer: Geoff Travis

Question: What form of entertainment, besides television, was Tony Wilson affiliated with?
Answer: music

Question: Who was a pioneer for release?
Answer: Buzzcocks

Question: What are these labels referred to as that seems like a dig to lower the reputation of such options?
Answer: DIY imperatives

Question: How did groups pursue various methods of releasing music independently?
Answer: pointedly

Question: What happened about 42 years ago?
Answer: groups began pointedly pursuing methods of releasing music independently

Question: The earlier indie music scene began to blossom by when?
Answer: 1977

Question: Who started the trend?
Answer: entrepreneurs

Question: What is Tony Wilson known for?
Answer: Factory

Question: Who founded Rough Trade and Factory?
Answer: entrepreneurs interested in local punk-influenced music scenes

Question: What did Geoff Travis and Tony Wilson both do?
Answer: founding independent record labels

Question: What might be credited with boosting independent music production companies?
Answer: Buzzcocks' release of their Spiral Scratch EP on their own label as well as the self-released 1977 singles of Desperate Bicycles

Question: What was sold in Geoff Travis' store?
Answer: record

Question: What is Geoff Travis known for?
Answer: Rough Trade

Question: Who followed the example for release?
Answer: Desperate Bicycles
Post-punk

Weeks after ending the Sex Pistols, Lydon formed the experimental group Public Image Ltd and declared the project to be "anti music of any kind". Public Image and other acts such as the Pop Group and the Slits had begun experimenting with dance music, dub production techniques and the avant-garde, while punk-indebted Manchester acts such as Joy Division, The Fall and A Certain Ratio developed unique styles which drew on a similarly disparate range of influences across music and modernist literature. Bands such as Scritti Politti, Gang of Four and This Heat incorporated Leftist political philosophy and their own art school studies in their work.

Question: what was the second group mentioned?
Answer: Public Image Ltd

Question: what was the last group mentioned?
Answer: This Heat

Question: Public Image, Pop Group and the Slits are known for what?
Answer: experimenting with dance music, dub production techniques and the avant-garde

Question: what is the first group mentioned?
Answer: Sex Pistols

Question: Gang of Four, Scritti Politti and This Heat are all versions of what?
Answer: Bands

Question: What was the time frame from ending the Sex Pistols to Lydon forming his new band?
Answer: Weeks

Question: what was the second to last group mentioned?
Answer: Gang of Four

Question: what was the third to last group mentioned?
Answer: Scritti Politti

Question: Scritti Politti, Gang of Four and This Heat used whose art studies in their work?
Answer: their own

Question: Lydon's previous band was called what?
Answer: Sex Pistols
USB

USB connections also come in five data transfer modes, in ascending order: Low Speed (1.0), Full Speed (1.0), High Speed (2.0), SuperSpeed (3.0), and SuperSpeed+ (3.1). High Speed is supported only by specifically designed USB 2.0 High Speed interfaces (that is, USB 2.0 controllers without the High Speed designation do not support it), as well as by USB 3.0 and newer interfaces. SuperSpeed is supported only by USB 3.0 and newer interfaces, and requires a connector and cable with extra pins and wires, usually distinguishable by the blue inserts in connectors.

Question: What mode is faster than high speed?
Answer: SuperSpeed (3

Question: What do the speeds represent?
Answer: data transfer modes

Question: What USB can transfer data in the shortest period of time?
Answer: SuperSpeed+ (3.1

Question: What is the second highest speed?
Answer: SuperSpeed (3.0)

Question: In addition to High Speed, which mode is supported by all USB versions?
Answer: Low Speed

Question: What is the middle mode?
Answer: High Speed (2.0)

Question: Which data transfer mode is fastest?
Answer: SuperSpeed+

Question: How can one tell that a connector supports SuperSpeed?
Answer: blue inserts

Question: What is needed for a Superspeed transfer?
Answer: supported only by USB 3.0 and newer interfaces
USB

Firstly conceived and still used today for optical storage devices (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.), several manufacturers offer external portable USB hard disk drives, or empty enclosures for disk drives. These offer performance comparable to internal drives, limited by the current number and types of attached USB devices, and by the upper limit of the USB interface (in practice about 30 MB/s for USB 2.0 and potentially 400 MB/s or more for USB 3.0). These external drives typically include a "translating device" that bridges between a drive's interface to a USB interface port. Functionally, the drive appears to the user much like an internal drive. Other competing standards for external drive connectivity include eSATA, ExpressCard, FireWire (IEEE 1394), and most recently Thunderbolt.

Question: How are USB speeds measured?
Answer: MB/s

Question: What is not typically included in an external drive: translating device, or ExpressCard?
Answer: ExpressCard

Question: How is the data on a DVD accessed?
Answer: optical

Question: What is a performance limit of external portable USB drives: current number and types of attached USB devices, or eSATA?
Answer: current number and types of attached USB devices

Question: What can you compare with internal hard disc?
Answer: performance

Question: What is the most recent standard for USB interfaces?
Answer: USB 3.0

Question: What can be carried around to store data with?
Answer: external portable USB hard disk drives

Question: What does manufacturer provides beside hard drives?
Answer: empty enclosures

Question: How is the data on a CD-RW accessed?
Answer: optical

Question: Where can a user go to buy one of these external usb?
Answer: manufacturers

Question: Which is not an optical storage device: CD-RW drives, manufacturers, or DVD drives?
Answer: manufacturers

Question: What can you use to store data besides external drives?
Answer: (CD-RW drives, DVD drives, etc.)

Question: What is a standard for connectivity: hard disk drive, USB, or FireWire?
Answer: FireWire

Question: What does an external disk provide that allows user to transfer data?
Answer: bridges
USB

The cellular phone carrier group Open Mobile Terminal Platform (OMTP) in 2007 endorsed micro-USB as the standard connector for data and power on mobile devices In addition, on 22 October 2009 the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has also announced that it had embraced micro-USB as the Universal Charging Solution its "energy-efficient one-charger-fits-all new mobile phone solution," and added: "Based on the Micro-USB interface, UCS chargers also include a 4-star or higher efficiency rating—​​up to three times more energy-efficient than an unrated charger."

Question: Who is responsible for the micro-usb connector being the universally accepted connector?
Answer: International Telecommunication Union

Question: What is being conserved?
Answer: energy

Question: What is the short name of the phone carrier group?
Answer: OMTP

Question: What date did the micro-usb connector first enter in mobile device design?
Answer: 2007

Question: What is a benefit of a universal connector for mobile devices?
Answer: standard

Question: What is plugged into the outlet?
Answer: chargers

Question: How well did the OMTP chargers perform?
Answer: 4-star or higher efficiency rating

Question: What did the phone carrier group call the way it would charge it's devices?
Answer: energy-efficient one-charger-fits-all new mobile phone solution

Question: What makes a charger more efficient than others?
Answer: efficiency rating

Question: What is providing energy?
Answer: chargers
USB

A January 2013 press release from the USB group revealed plans to update USB 3.0 to 10 Gbit/s. The group ended up creating a new USB version, USB 3.1, which was released on 31 July 2013, introducing a faster transfer mode called SuperSpeed USB 10 Gbit/s, putting it on par with a single first-generation Thunderbolt channel. The new mode's logo features a "Superspeed+" caption (stylized as SUPERSPEED+). The USB 3.1 standard increases the data signaling rate to 10 Gbit/s in the USB 3.1 Gen2 mode, double that of USB 3.0 (referred to as USB 3.1 Gen1) and reduces line encoding overhead to just 3% by changing the encoding scheme to 128b/132b. The first USB 3.1 implementation demonstrated transfer speeds of 7.2 Gbit/s.

Question: What was the new mode equal to?
Answer: Thunderbolt

Question: What is the main function that went up?
Answer: increases the data signaling rate

Question: What generation has faster data signaling?
Answer: Gen2

Question: What were the details of the press release announcement from the USB group?
Answer: creating a new USB version, USB 3.1

Question: What was the reason for 3.1 and Superspeed+?
Answer: Thunderbolt

Question: How much faster was the new USB?
Answer: double

Question: What was the goal of the update?
Answer: a faster transfer mode

Question: How was this whole plan first enacted?
Answer: A January 2013 press release

Question: What standard does USB 3.1 compete with?
Answer: first-generation Thunderbolt channel

Question: Which was announced first USB 3.0 or USB 3.1?
Answer: USB 3.0

Question: What technique did the USB group use to announce their new USB product?
Answer: press release

Question: What was line encoding at in USB 3.1?
Answer: 3%

Question: What was the conversion rate  of the original USB 3.1?
Answer: 7.2 Gbit/s