UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Black_people

In 1988, the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson urged Americans to use instead the term "African American" because it had a historical cultural base and was a construction similar to terms used by European descendants, such as German American, Italian American, etc. Since then, African American and black have often had parallel status. However, controversy continues over which if any of the two terms is more appropriate. Maulana Karenga argues that the term African-American is more appropriate because it accurately articulates their geographical and historical origin.[citation needed] Others have argued that "black" is a better term because "African" suggests foreignness, although Black Americans helped found the United States. Still others believe that the term black is inaccurate because African Americans have a variety of skin tones. Some surveys suggest that the majority of Black Americans have no preference for "African American" or "Black", although they have a slight preference for "black" in personal settings and "African American" in more formal settings.

Question: African American was favored by the civil rights leader Jesse Jackson over?
Answer: black

Question: What is this debate specifically about?
Answer: "black" is a better term because "African"

Question: Why might someone prefer to be referred to as a black person?
Answer: African" suggests foreignness

Question: What literal context makes some people not like the term black?
Answer: the term black is inaccurate because African Americans have a variety of skin tones

Question: Why would African-American seem more offensive than Black as a descriptor?
Answer: because "African" suggests foreignness

Question: What is the last European nationality mentioned?
Answer: Italian

Question: The term African can be problematic because?
Answer: "African" suggests foreignness

Question: Who would prefer the term African American, even though historical cultural base is not referenced in the argument?
Answer: Maulana Karenga

Question: Why was African-American considered a better term?
Answer: similar to terms used by European descendants

Question: What term should be used if you take into account the varying skin tones of people with African ancestry?
Answer: African American

Question: What do people with African ancestry prefer to be referred to as?
Answer: no preference

Question: What may make a person believe that someone is not an American even though they are?
Answer: African American

Question: If someone was an African descendant, what race were their ancestors?
Answer: African

Question: What was better to say than BLACKS or NEGROES?
Answer: African American

Question: What nationality do all the races referenced have in common?
Answer: American

Question: Who prefers the term "black"?
Answer: Others
Black_people

In 1978 Aboriginal writer Kevin Gilbert received the National Book Council award for his book Living Black: Blacks Talk to Kevin Gilbert, a collection of Aboriginal people's stories, and in 1998 was awarded (but refused to accept) the Human Rights Award for Literature for Inside Black Australia, a poetry anthology and exhibition of Aboriginal photography. In contrast to previous definitions based solely on the degree of Aboriginal ancestry, in 1990 the Government changed the legal definition of Aboriginal to include any:

Question: What kind of object is Living Black:Blacks talk to Kevin Gilbert?
Answer: book

Question: What is the second book mentioned in the text?
Answer: Inside Black Australia

Question: What did Gilbert study?
Answer: Aboriginal people's

Question: Aboriginals call themselves?
Answer: Black

Question: Literature includes what form of word-based physical communication?
Answer: book

Question: Who defines Aboriginal?
Answer: the Government

Question: Gilbert didn't take?
Answer: the Human Rights Award for Literature

Question: What kind of object is Inside Black Australia?
Answer: book
Black_people

The US racial or ethnic classification "black" refers to people with all possible kinds of skin pigmentation, from the darkest through to the very lightest skin colors, including albinos, if they are believed by others to have West African ancestry (in any discernible percentage), or to exhibit cultural traits associated with being "African American". As a result, in the United States the term "black people" is not an indicator of skin color or ethnic origin but is instead a socially based racial classification related to being African American, with a family history associated with institutionalized slavery. Relatively dark-skinned people can be classified as white if they fulfill other social criteria of "whiteness", and relatively light-skinned people can be classified as black if they fulfill the social criteria for "blackness" in a particular setting.

Question: Why might someone call another person white?
Answer: skin pigmentation

Question: The opposite of blackness is?
Answer: whiteness

Question: What doesn't allow African Americans the ability to differentiate their culture in America?
Answer: The US racial or ethnic classification "black

Question: What type of classification is blackness?
Answer: social

Question: Someone who lives in the US is considered what nationality?
Answer: American

Question: What is the indicator of race in America?
Answer: skin pigmentation

Question: How could a Caucasian be categorized in correctly?
Answer: relatively light-skinned people can be classified as black if they fulfill the social criteria for "blackness" in a particular setting

Question: What is the abbreviation of the United States?
Answer: US

Question: Another term for black is?
Answer: African American

Question: Why might someone call another black?
Answer: skin pigmentation

Question: What is the quality of being black described as?
Answer: blackness

Question: Which organ does race usually refer to?
Answer: skin

Question: Where did black skin originate?
Answer: African

Question: How is whiteness established?
Answer: social criteria

Question: Why do people classify some people as black and some as white?
Answer: skin pigmentation

Question: Blackness isn't defined by the shade of what?
Answer: skin
Black_people

After the First World War, however, it became apparent that the number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population, and by 1930 fear of the "half-caste menace" undermining the White Australia ideal from within was being taken as a serious concern. Dr. Cecil Cook, the Northern Territory Protector of Natives, noted that:

Question: Who were the people that thought there was a crisis?
Answer: White Australia

Question: What was happening too quickly for some part of the population?
Answer: number of mixed-race people was growing at a faster rate than the white population

Question: When was it perceived the situation was getting out of control?
Answer: 1930

Question: What was the person who was named in the passage's job?
Answer: the Northern Territory Protector of Natives
Turner_Classic_Movies

Turner Classic Movies also airs regularly scheduled weekly film blocks, which are periodically preempted for special themed month-long or seasonal scheduling events, such as the "31 Days of Oscar" film series in the month preceding the Academy Awards and the month-long "Summer Under the Stars" in August; all featured programming has their own distinctive feature presentation bumper for the particular scheduled presentation. The Essentials, currently hosted by Osborne and Sally Field as of 2015[update], is a weekly film showcase airing on Saturday evenings (with a replay on the following Sunday at 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time), which spotlights a different movie and contains a special introduction and post-movie discussion.

Question: What does the bumper on a show or film mean?
Answer: featured programming

Question: What is Turner Classic Movies summer event, and what month does it occur?
Answer: Summer Under the Stars" in August

Question: When many related movies show at one time, that is called a?
Answer: themed

Question: A movie can also be called a?
Answer: film

Question: Why does a show or film not have a bumper on it?
Answer: regularly scheduled weekly film blocks

Question: If the Academy Awards are next month and today is the 15th, what can I watch today on TCM?
Answer: 31 Days of Oscar

Question: What is their most popular event?
Answer: "31 Days of Oscar

Question: Why isn't TCM playing it's normally scheduled programming?
Answer: special themed month-long or seasonal scheduling events

Question: What is the weekly film event named, and who is it hosted by?
Answer: The Essentials, currently hosted by Osborne and Sally Field

Question: When can I watch Osborne's new show if I miss the episode?
Answer: Sunday at 6:00 p.m. Eastern Time

Question: An Academy Award is also known as an?
Answer: Oscar

Question: What days of the week does The Essentials occur on?
Answer: Saturday evenings (with a replay on the following Sunday
Turner_Classic_Movies

Historically, the channel's programming consisted mainly of featured classic theatrically released feature films from the Turner Entertainment film library – which comprises films from Warner Bros. Pictures (covering films released before 1950) and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (covering films released before May 1986). However, TCM now has licensing deals with other Hollywood film studios as well as its Time Warner sister company, Warner Bros. (which now controls the Turner Entertainment library and its own later films), and occasionally shows more recent films. Turner Classic Movies is a dedicated film channel and is available in United States, United Kingdom, France (TCM Cinéma), Spain (TCM España), Nordic countries, Middle East and Africa.

Question: What is a secondary way in which TCM has changed?
Answer: occasionally shows more recent films

Question: The channel shows what kind of video format?
Answer: feature films

Question: TCM is located at what continent that start with M?
Answer: Middle East

Question: TCM is located at what country that start with S?
Answer: Spain

Question: What kind of artistic entity creates some of the media programmed here?
Answer: film studios

Question: TCM is located at what country that start with F?
Answer: France

Question: What continent is Turner Classic Movies available on?
Answer: Africa

Question: who is allied to the Time warner company?
Answer: TCM

Question: What is a secondary way in which TCM has evolved over time?
Answer: occasionally shows more recent films
Hellenistic_period

After Cassander's death in 298 BCE, however, Demetrius, who still maintained a sizable loyal army and fleet, invaded Macedon, seized the Macedonian throne (294) and conquered Thessaly and most of central Greece (293-291). He was defeated in 288 BC when Lysimachus of Thrace and Pyrrhus of Epirus invaded Macedon on two fronts, and quickly carved up the kingdom for themselves. Demetrius fled to central Greece with his mercenaries and began to build support there and in the northern Peloponnese. He once again laid siege to Athens after they turned on him, but then struck a treaty with the Athenians and Ptolemy, which allowed him to cross over to Asia minor and wage war on Lysimachus' holdings in Ionia, leaving his son Antigonus Gonatas in Greece. After initial successes, he was forced to surrender to Seleucus in 285 and later died in captivity. Lysimachus, who had seized Macedon and Thessaly for himself, was forced into war when Seleucus invaded his territories in Asia minor and was defeated and killed in 281 BCE at the Battle of Corupedium, near Sardis. Seleucus then attempted to conquer Lysimachus' European territories in Thrace and Macedon, but he was assassinated by Ptolemy Ceraunus ("the thunderbolt"), who had taken refuge at the Seleucid court and then had himself acclaimed as king of Macedon. Ptolemy was killed when Macedon was invaded by Gauls in 279, his head stuck on a spear and the country fell into anarchy. Antigonus II Gonatas invaded Thrace in the summer of 277 and defeated a large force of 18,000 Gauls. He was quickly hailed as king of Macedon and went on to rule for 35 years.

Question: Which of the following was not defeated by Seleucus: Lysimachus, Demetrius, or Cassander?
Answer: Cassander

Question: List who died being captureed?
Answer: Demetrius

Question: Who did Antigonus Gonatas belong to?
Answer: Demetrius

Question: The people who beat Demetrius were from Epirus and where?
Answer: Thrace

Question: What did Demetrius do after negotiating with Ptolemy and Athens?
Answer: wage war

Question: Who did Seleucus invade?
Answer: Lysimachus

Question: Which Macedonian conqueror did not die in 298 BCE?
Answer: Demetrius

Question: What did Demetrius do before invading Thessaly?
Answer: seized the Macedonian throne

Question: Who was Demetrius child?
Answer: Antigonus Gonatas

Question: Who died later, Cassander or Demetrius?
Answer: Demetrius

Question: Who did not rule after 288 BC?
Answer: Demetrius

Question: Which of the following was NOT an assassin, Ptolemy or Seleucus?
Answer: Seleucus
Hellenistic_period

Hellenistic art saw a turn from the idealistic, perfected, calm and composed figures of classical Greek art to a style dominated by realism and the depiction of emotion (pathos) and character (ethos). The motif of deceptively realistic naturalism in art (aletheia) is reflected in stories such as that of the painter Zeuxis, who was said to have painted grapes that seemed so real that birds came and pecked at them. The female nude also became more popular as epitomized by the Aphrodite of Cnidos of Praxiteles and art in general became more erotic (e.g. Leda and the Swan and Scopa's Pothos). The dominant ideals of Hellenistic art were those of sensuality and passion.

Question: What are paintings considered?
Answer: art

Question: What was Zeuxis's art style in Greek?
Answer: aletheia

Question: Which of the following was not a painter: Zeuxis, Aphrodite, or Cnidos?
Answer: Aphrodite

Question: Pathos and Ethos were NOT forms of what style of art?
Answer: classical

Question: What language is ethos?
Answer: Greek

Question: Who was unable to tell the difference between real and painted fruit?
Answer: birds

Question: Which of the following traits was not valued in classical Greek art: calm, perfected, or erotic?
Answer: erotic

Question: What style of art changed over time?
Answer: Hellenistic

Question: Which of the following was one of the ideals of Hellenistic art: sensuality, idealism, or stoicism?
Answer: sensuality

Question: The values of sensuality and passion may be responsible for the popularity of what kind of painting?
Answer: The female nude

Question: What kind of greek art style did hellenistic art used to be?
Answer: classical
Hellenistic_period

The Bithynians were a Thracian people living in northwest Anatolia. After Alexander's conquests the region of Bithynia came under the rule of the native king Bas, who defeated Calas, a general of Alexander the Great, and maintained the independence of Bithynia. His son, Zipoetes I of Bithynia maintained this autonomy against Lysimachus and Seleucus I, and assumed the title of king (basileus) in 297 BCE. His son and successor, Nicomedes I, founded Nicomedia, which soon rose to great prosperity, and during his long reign (c. 278 – c. 255 BCE), as well as those of his successors, the kingdom of Bithynia held a considerable place among the minor monarchies of Anatolia. Nicomedes also invited the Celtic Galatians into Anatolia as mercenaries, and they later turned on his son Prusias I, who defeated them in battle. Their last king, Nicomedes IV, was unable to maintain himself against Mithridates VI of Pontus, and, after being restored to his throne by the Roman Senate, he bequeathed his kingdom by will to the Roman republic (74 BCE).

Question: Who was Calas?
Answer: a general

Question: Who brought the kingdom of Bithynia to an end?
Answer: Nicomedes IV

Question: What did Bas do to Bithynia?
Answer: maintained the independence of Bithynia

Question: Who was the father of Zipoetes?
Answer: Bas

Question: Where was Nicomedes' father from?
Answer: Bithynia

Question: Who was Prusias's father?
Answer: Nicomedes I

Question: Who ruled Bithynia before Bas?
Answer: Calas

Question: When did the Bithynians eventually fall?
Answer: 74 BCE

Question: Who was Nicomedes' father?
Answer: Zipoetes I

Question: Who was Zipoetes' son?
Answer: Nicomedes

Question: Identify the kingdom of Prusias I?
Answer: Bithynia

Question: Who did Nicomedes I inherit from?
Answer: Bas
Hellenistic_period

Scholars and historians are divided as to what event signals the end of the Hellenistic era. The Hellenistic period may be seen to end either with the final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC following the Achean War, with the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom at the Battle of Actium in 31 BC, or even the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople in 330 AD. "Hellenistic" is distinguished from "Hellenic" in that the first encompasses the entire sphere of direct ancient Greek influence, while the latter refers to Greece itself.

Question: Who was on the losing side in 31 BC?
Answer: Ptolemaic Kingdom

Question: What happened in 330 AD?
Answer: move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great of the capital of the Roman Empire to Constantinople

Question: How would one likely refer to something that is a product of ancient Greece?
Answer: Hellenistic

Question: What does Hellenic cover?
Answer: Greece itself

Question: Which event occured after Christ was born: the Achaen War or the move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great?
Answer: move by Roman emperor Constantine the Great

Question: What event related to war might you see as the end of the Hellenistic era if you think it ended less than a century before the common era?
Answer: Battle of Actium

Question: What does Hellenistic mean?
Answer: encompasses the entire sphere of direct ancient Greek influence

Question: Which occurred earlier, the move to Constantinople or the final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom?
Answer: final defeat of the Ptolemaic Kingdom

Question: What happened right after the Achean War?
Answer: final conquest of the Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC

Question: Which term is less broad, Hellenistic or Hellenic?
Answer: Hellenic

Question: What in Greece was taken over less than a century before the common era, which some historians believe signaled the end of an era?
Answer: Ptolemaic Kingdom
Hellenistic_period

"Hellenistic" is a modern word and a 19th-century concept; the idea of a Hellenistic period did not exist in Ancient Greece. Although words related in form or meaning, e.g. Hellenist (Ancient Greek: Ἑλληνιστής, Hellēnistēs), have been attested since ancient times, it was J. G. Droysen in the mid-19th century, who in his classic work Geschichte des Hellenismus, i.e. History of Hellenism, coined the term Hellenistic to refer to and define the period when Greek culture spread in the non-Greek world after Alexander’s conquest. Following Droysen, Hellenistic and related terms, e.g. Hellenism, have been widely used in various contexts; a notable such use is in Culture and Anarchy by Matthew Arnold, where Hellenism is used in contrast with Hebraism.

Question: Which of the following does not refer to the same work: Geschichte des Hellenismus, Ancient Greece, or History of Hellenism?
Answer: Ancient Greece

Question: To what period does the term Hellenistic date?
Answer: 19th-century

Question: What initiated the term Hellenism?
Answer: Geschichte des Hellenismus

Question: Which of the following was born earlier: Droysen or Alexander?
Answer: Alexander

Question: Which of the following is not a writer: Matthew Arnold, J. G. Droysen or Alexander?
Answer: Alexander

Question: What was the starting point of Hellenism?
Answer: Alexander’s conquest

Question: Which did NOT write Culture and Anarchy, Arnold or Droysen?
Answer: Droysen

Question: Which of the following does not refer to the same work: History of Hellenism, Geschichte de Hellenismus or Culture and Anarchy?
Answer: Culture and Anarchy

Question: Who wrote first, Droysen or Arnold?
Answer: Droysen
Hellenistic_period

Under Ptolemy II, Callimachus, Apollonius of Rhodes, Theocritus and a host of other poets made the city a center of Hellenistic literature. Ptolemy himself was eager to patronise the library, scientific research and individual scholars who lived on the grounds of the library. He and his successors also fought a series of wars with the Seleucids, known as the Syrian wars, over the region of Coele-Syria. Ptolemy IV won the great battle of Raphia (217 BCE) against the Seleucids, using native Egyptians trained as phalangites. However these Egyptian soldiers revolted, eventually setting up a native breakaway Egyptian state in the Thebaid between 205-186/5 BCE, severely weakening the Ptolemaic state.

Question: What is Callimachus' claim to fame?
Answer: poets

Question: Who was known for more than poetry??
Answer: Ptolemy II

Question: Based on this passage alone, we are only sure of the results from which war?
Answer: the great battle of Raphia
Hellenistic_period

The most important source after Polybius is Diodorus Siculus who wrote his Bibliotheca historica between 60 and 30 BCE and reproduced some important earlier sources such as Hieronymus, but his account of the Hellenistic period breaks off after the battle of Ipsus (301). Another important source, Plutarch's (c.50—c.120) Parallel Lives though more preoccupied with issues of personal character and morality, outlines the history of important Hellenistic figures. Appian of Alexandria (late first century CE-before 165 CE) wrote a history of the Roman empire that includes information of some Hellenistic kingdoms.

Question: What is next on the list of significance?
Answer: Diodorus

Question: What does royalty rule over?
Answer: kingdoms

Question: Something that has significance is what?
Answer: Polybius
Hellenistic_period

Throughout the Hellenistic world, these Greco-Macedonian colonists considered themselves by and large superior to the native "barbarians" and excluded most non-Greeks from the upper echelons of courtly and government life. Most of the native population was not Hellenized, had little access to Greek culture and often found themselves discriminated against by their Hellenic overlords. Gymnasiums and their Greek education, for example, were for Greeks only. Greek cities and colonies may have exported Greek art and architecture as far as the Indus, but these were mostly enclaves of Greek culture for the transplanted Greek elite. The degree of influence that Greek culture had throughout the Hellenistic kingdoms was therefore highly localized and based mostly on a few great cities like Alexandria and Antioch. Some natives did learn Greek and adopt Greek ways, but this was mostly limited to a few local elites who were allowed to retain their posts by the Diadochi and also to a small number of mid-level administrators who acted as intermediaries between the Greek speaking upper class and their subjects. In the Seleucid empire for example, this group amounted to only 2.5 percent of the official class.

Question: What kind of empire was Alexandria a part of?
Answer: Hellenistic

Question: What are the places that people now go to exercise which was one of the places only Greeks were allowed in?
Answer: Gymnasiums

Question: How much of the native population spoke Greek throughout the Hellenistic World?
Answer: Some

Question: Who were the Greco-Macedonian colonists?
Answer: transplanted Greek elite

Question: What was the process of becoming culturally more Greek that colonizers did not bestow on most locals?
Answer: Hellenized

Question: What were the examples of locales that picked up a lot of the Hellenic culture?
Answer: Alexandria and Antioch

Question: Where was the Seleucid empire?
Answer: Hellenistic world

Question: What empire was Antioch a part of besides the Seleucid?
Answer: Hellenistic

Question: What did the Greeks consider the local people where they had taken over?
Answer: barbarians

Question: Where did less than three out of every hundred individuals adopt Greek ways?
Answer: Seleucid empire