UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Cyprus

The Greek Cypriot population, meanwhile, had become hopeful that the British administration would lead to enosis. The idea of enosis was historically part of the Megali Idea, a greater political ambition of a Greek state encompassing the territories with Greek inhabitants in the former Ottoman Empire, including Cyprus and Asia Minor with a capital in Constantinople, and was actively pursued by the Cypriot Orthodox Church, which had its members educated in Greece. These religious officials, together with Greek military officers and professionals, some of whom still pursued the Megali Idea, would later found the guerrilla organisation Ethniki Organosis Kyprion Agoniston or National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters (EOKA). The Greek Cypriots viewed the island as historically Greek and believed that union with Greece was a natural right. In the 1950s, the pursuit of enosis became a part of the Greek national policy,

Question: What was a political goal of the Greeks?
Answer: enosis

Question: In enosis, where would the leadership of the state be housed?
Answer: Constantinople

Question: Who, along with military officers and professionals made up EOKA?
Answer: Cypriot Orthodox Church

Question: What querilla organization supported the Megali Idea?
Answer: EOKA

Question: Who supported enosis?
Answer: Greek Cypriots

Question: What was the motivation for change?
Answer: political ambition

Question: What guerilla organization supported enosis and the Megali Idea?
Answer: National Organisation of Cypriot Fighters

Question: What kind of idea was pursued?
Answer: political

Question: Greek Cypriots were in favor of what?
Answer: enosis

Question: Whose support did EOKA hope for?
Answer: British administration

Question: What was the larger ideal?
Answer: Megali Idea

Question: From where did the idea of enosis emanate?
Answer: Megali Idea

Question: Who worked with the Cypriot Orthodox Church in pursuit of enosis?
Answer: military officers and professionals
Cyprus

The events of the summer of 1974 dominate the politics on the island, as well as Greco-Turkish relations. Around 150,000 settlers from Turkey are believed to be living in the north—many of whom were forced from Turkey by the Turkish government—in violation of the Geneva Convention and various UN resolutions. Following the invasion and the capture of its northern territory by Turkish troops, the Republic of Cyprus announced that all of its ports of entry in the north were closed, as they were effectively not under its control.[citation needed]

Question: Turkey and what country were important in the politics of a summer?
Answer: Greco

Question: Who controlled the northern ports
Answer: Turkish troops

Question: Alliance of European countries
Answer: UN

Question: what group is mentioned second to last?
Answer: UN

Question: what type of land formation is mentioned first?
Answer: island

Question: what group is mentioned first?
Answer: 150,000 settlers

Question: what island is mentioned last?
Answer: Republic of Cyprus

Question: what ethnicity is mentioned last?
Answer: Turkish

Question: First held in 1864
Answer: Geneva Convention

Question: The Republic of Cyprus lost ground to?
Answer: Turkish troops
Cyprus

The House of Representatives currently has 59 members elected for a five-year term, 56 members by proportional representation and 3 observer members representing the Armenian, Latin and Maronite minorities. 24 seats are allocated to the Turkish community but remain vacant since 1964. The political environment is dominated by the communist AKEL, the liberal conservative Democratic Rally, the centrist Democratic Party, the social-democratic EDEK and the centrist EURO.KO. In 2008, Dimitris Christofias became the country's first Communist head of state. Due to his involvement in the 2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis, Christofias did not run for re-election in 2013. The Presidential election in 2013 resulted in Democratic Rally candidate Nicos Anastasiades winning 57.48% of the vote. As a result, Anastasiades was sworn in on and has been President since 28 February 2013.

Question: What happened the earliest, Anastasiades was sworn in, or he won 57% of the vote, or the year 2008?
Answer: 2008

Question: Which is not a minority: Armenian, Cypriot, or Latin?
Answer: Cypriot

Question: What event caused a potential change in presidental leadership
Answer: the 2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis

Question: What happened the latest, Anastasiades won 57% of the vote, or the year 2008?
Answer: Anastasiades winning 57.48% of the vote

Question: What is the last name of the first president listed in the text
Answer: Christofias

Question: What happened the earliest, Anastasiades was sworn in, or he won 57% of the vote, or the year 1964?
Answer: 1964

Question: Which is not a person: Maronite, Chrisofias, or Anastasiades?
Answer: Maronite

Question: What happened the latest, Christofias became head of state, or his part in a financial crisis?
Answer: his involvement in the 2012–13 Cypriot financial crisis

Question: What happened the earliest, Anastasiades was sworn in, or he won 57% of the vote, or Christofias became head of state?
Answer: Dimitris Christofias became the country's first Communist head of state

Question: Which is not a political party: EDEK, EURO.KO, or Latin?
Answer: Latin

Question: What is the first name of the last president listed in the text
Answer: Nicos
Comics

Cross-cultural study of comics is complicated by the great difference in meaning and scope of the words for "comics" in different languages. The French term for comics, bandes dessinées ("drawn strip") emphasizes the juxtaposition of drawn images as a defining factor, which can imply the exclusion of even photographic comics. The term manga is used in Japanese to indicate all forms of comics, cartooning, and caricature.

Question: What is a variation of the word?
Answer: The French term for comics, bandes dessinées ("drawn strip") emphasizes the juxtaposition of drawn images as a defining factor

Question: How would you ask for comics in France?
Answer: bandes dessinées

Question: What makes something fun a mess?
Answer: Cross-cultural study of comics

Question: What is a different term in the east?
Answer: manga

Question: What word is used when something is suggested by given factors, but not expressly stated?
Answer: imply

Question: How are drawn strips and manga different?
Answer: bandes dessinées ("drawn strip") emphasizes the juxtaposition of drawn images as a defining factor, which can imply the exclusion of even photographic comics

Question: What makes the cross-cultural study of comics difficult?
Answer: the great difference in meaning and scope of the words for "comics" in different languages

Question: What does the closeness of drawn images, as used in the term bandes dessinées, indicate?
Answer: the exclusion of even photographic comics

Question: How does manga and bandes dessinees show the problem with the word comic?
Answer: the great difference in meaning and scope of the words for "comics" in different languages

Question: What is the term used for a picture, description, or imitation of a person in which certain striking characteristics are exaggerated in order to create a comic or grotesque effect.
Answer: caricature

Question: What word in the Japanese language indicate a similar idea to the French phrase bandes dessinées?
Answer: manga

Question: Is the Japanese or French word for comics more broad in what it includes?
Answer: Japanese

Question: What is a struggle in this study?
Answer: difference in meaning and scope of the words for "comics" in different languages

Question: What doesn't have pictures?
Answer: bandes dessinées ("drawn strip"
Comics

Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century, and became established in newspapers after the success in 1907 of Bud Fisher's Mutt and Jeff. Humour strips predominated at first, and in the 1920s and 1930s strips with continuing stories in genres such as adventure and drama also became popular. Thin periodicals called comic books appeared in the 1930s, at first reprinting newspaper comic strips; by the end of the decade, original content began to dominate. The success in 1938 of Action Comics and its lead hero Superman marked the beginning of the Golden Age of Comic Books, in which the superhero genre was prominent.

Question: What was sparked from these changes?
Answer: the Golden Age of Comic Books

Question: Of Mutt and Jeff and Superman, which one came out later?
Answer: Superman

Question: In 1938, what was the main focus of comic books?
Answer: superhero

Question: Which is not a last name, Fisher or Humour?
Answer: Humour

Question: Between the end and the beginning, where did Superman fit into the golden Age of Comic Books?
Answer: beginning

Question: How did this change toward the middle of the century?
Answer: by the end of the decade, original content began to dominate

Question: How did the newspapers change?
Answer: Shorter, black-and-white daily strips began to appear early in the 20th century

Question: Of Action Comics' hero and Bud Fisher's characters, whose came out first?
Answer: Bud Fisher's

Question: What is the difference between earlier strips and these strips?
Answer: Shorter, black-and-white

Question: Who was the first comic hero?
Answer: Superman

Question: Which is not a superhero, Superman or Golden?
Answer: Golden

Question: What is another name for the "funnies" section?
Answer: comic

Question: What metal is used in the nickname of 1938?
Answer: Golden
Comics

The English term comics derives from the humorous (or "comic") work which predominated in early American newspaper comic strips; usage of the term has become standard for non-humorous works as well. The term "comic book" has a similarly confusing history: they are most often not humorous; nor are they regular books, but rather periodicals. It is common in English to refer to the comics of different cultures by the terms used in their original languages, such as manga for Japanese comics, or bandes dessinées for French-language Franco-Belgian comics.

Question: What language is mentioned other than French and English?
Answer: Japanese

Question: what is the third type of writing mentioned?
Answer: periodicals

Question: Where was the comics first used?
Answer: early American newspaper comic strips

Question: What does the word comic derived from?
Answer: non-humorous works

Question: If batman comic books are not funny, why are they not classified as something else?
Answer: It is common in English to refer to the comics of different cultures by the terms used in their original languages

Question: What does the article say that comics are?
Answer: periodicals

Question: What language that is not European is mentioned in the article?
Answer: Japanese

Question: What is the first alternative writing that is is mentiond?
Answer: regular books

Question: What feature do comics have, other than humorous?
Answer: non-humorous

Question: What are French non-humorous books know as?
Answer: Franco-Belgian comics

Question: What term are comic books known for in terms of humorous or non-humorous?
Answer: not humorous
Comics

Some consider storyboards and wordless novels to be comics. Film studios, especially in animation, often use sequences of images as guides for film sequences. These storyboards are not intended as an end product and are rarely seen by the public. Wordless novels are books which use sequences of captionless images to deliver a narrative.

Question: what is been discussed?
Answer: storyboards and wordless novels

Question: Stories without words are also considered as what?
Answer: comics

Question: What are usually found in comics?
Answer: images

Question: narratives are best displayed through??
Answer: Wordless novels

Question: What are used as guides for film production?
Answer: storyboards

Question: What type of movies usually use image sequences as guides?
Answer: animation

Question: What genre are wordless novels?
Answer: narrative

Question: What are sequences of images used in movie production know as?
Answer: storyboards

Question: What do storyboards and wordless novels contain in common?
Answer: images

Question: which comic delivery is rarely visual?
Answer: storyboards

Question: wordless novels are also?
Answer: books

Question: How are wordless novels different from the traditional books?
Answer: captionless
Comics

The modern era of comics in Japan began after World War II, propelled by the success of the serialized comics of the prolific Osamu Tezuka and the comic strip Sazae-san. Genres and audiences diversified over the following decades. Stories are usually first serialized in magazines which are often hundreds of pages thick and may over a dozen stories; they are later compiled in tankōbon-format books. At the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, nearly a quarter of all printed material in Japan was comics. translations became extremely popular in foreign markets—in some cases equaling or surpassing the sales of domestic comics.

Question: What helped bolster the industry?
Answer: the comic strip Sazae-san

Question: What began happening after the the popularization of comics after WWII?
Answer: Genres and audiences diversified

Question: What would be the best way to read the bulk of a series?
Answer: tankōbon-format books

Question: What was done to sell comics to other countries?
Answer: translations

Question: What form of media enjoys popularity in at least one Asian country?
Answer: comics

Question: What is done before comic stories are put into tankoban-format books?
Answer: serialized in magazines

Question: What is a possible reason that characters have taken more and more non traditional attributes?
Answer: translations became extremely popular in foreign markets
Pharmaceutical_industry

In the United States, new pharmaceutical products must be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as being both safe and effective. This process generally involves submission of an Investigational New Drug filing with sufficient pre-clinical data to support proceeding with human trials. Following IND approval, three phases of progressively larger human clinical trials may be conducted. Phase I generally studies toxicity using healthy volunteers. Phase II can include pharmacokinetics and dosing in patients, and Phase III is a very large study of efficacy in the intended patient population. Following the successful completion of phase III testing, a New Drug Application is submitted to the FDA. The FDA review the data and if the product is seen as having a positive benefit-risk assessment, approval to market the product in the US is granted.

Question: What needs to be done before the final step?
Answer: Phase III is a very large study of efficacy in the intended patient population

Question: What is the FDA checking for?
Answer: being both safe and effective

Question: How are the drugs tested?
Answer: pre-clinical data to support proceeding with human trials

Question: What is the final step?
Answer: The FDA review the data and if the product is seen as having a positive benefit-risk assessment, approval to market the product in the US is granted

Question: How do the trials occur?
Answer: Following IND approval, three phases of progressively larger human clinical trials may be conducted

Question: What does the FDA oversee?
Answer: new pharmaceutical products

Question: Why does this process need to be completed before going to market?
Answer: products must be approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as being both safe and effective

Question: What must be done before phases start?
Answer: sufficient pre-clinical data to support proceeding with human trials

Question: Where does the FDA have jurisdiction?
Answer: In the United States

Question: When can new drugs be approved?
Answer: Following the successful completion of phase III testing

Question: How does the FDA ensure the public's safety?
Answer: This process generally involves submission of an Investigational New Drug filing with sufficient pre-clinical data to support proceeding with human trials

Question: What is the last stage in getting FDA approval?
Answer: New Drug Application is submitted to the FDA
Pharmaceutical_industry

Early progress toward the development of vaccines occurred throughout this period, primarily in the form of academic and government-funded basic research directed toward the identification of the pathogens responsible for common communicable diseases. In 1885 Louis Pasteur and Pierre Paul Émile Roux created the first rabies vaccine. The first diphtheria vaccines were produced in 1914 from a mixture of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin (produced from the serum of an inoculated animal), but the safety of the inoculation was marginal and it was not widely used. The United States recorded 206,000 cases of diphtheria in 1921 resulting in 15,520 deaths. In 1923 parallel efforts by Gaston Ramon at the Pasteur Institute and Alexander Glenny at the Wellcome Research Laboratories (later part of GlaxoSmithKline) led to the discovery that a safer vaccine could be produced by treating diphtheria toxin with formaldehyde. In 1944, Maurice Hilleman of Squibb Pharmaceuticals developed the first vaccine against Japanese encephelitis. Hilleman would later move to Merck where he would play a key role in the development of vaccines against measles, mumps, chickenpox, rubella, hepatitis A, hepatitis B, and meningitis.

Question: What's the disease mentioned that a vaccine was created for
Answer: rabies

Question: What was the first vaccine
Answer: rabies

Question: Which vaccination did Maurice Hilleman work on first, Japanese encephelitis or meningitis?
Answer: Japanese encephelitis

Question: Which vaccination was developed second, rabies or diphtheria?
Answer: diphtheria

Question: What could rabid animals have benefited from?
Answer: rabies vaccine

Question: What was the second vaccine produced
Answer: diphtheria

Question: When was the second vaccine mentioned created
Answer: 1914

Question: Once they discontinued using antitoxin from an animal, what was the new alternative?
Answer: a safer vaccine could be produced by treating diphtheria toxin with formaldehyde

Question: Which happened first, 15520 deaths from diphtheria in the US or the first diphtheria vaccine was made?
Answer: first diphtheria vaccines

Question: What entity could have helped with a disease with red dots that children often get?
Answer: Squibb Pharmaceuticals

Question: Who was Hilleman employed by later, Squibb Pharmaceuticals or Merck?
Answer: Merck

Question: Which diphtheria vaccination formula was safer, the mixture of diphtheria toxin and antitoxin or treating diphtheria toxin with formaldehyde?
Answer: formaldehyde

Question: How was poison somewhat beneficial during this time?
Answer: first diphtheria vaccines were produced
Pharmaceutical_industry

There are special rules for certain rare diseases ("orphan diseases") in several major drug regulatory territories. For example, diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients in the United States, or larger populations in certain circumstances are subject to the Orphan Drug Act.  Because medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous, companies that do so are rewarded with tax reductions, fee waivers, and market exclusivity on that drug for a limited time (seven years), regardless of whether the drug is protected by patents.

Question: Which of the following is a benefit granted by the Orphan Drug Act: patents, fee waivers, or medical research?
Answer: fee waivers

Question: What is the most common method for any type of manufacturer to gain market exclusivity?
Answer: patents

Question: what is the standard threshhold for being subject to the Orphan Drug Act?
Answer: 200,000 patients

Question: In what way is developing drugs to treat orphan diseases disadvantageous?
Answer: financially

Question: What does the Orphan Drug Act encourage companies to do for rare diseases?
Answer: medical research and development

Question: What factor for orphan diseases changes depending on certain circumstances?
Answer: larger populations

Question: What guidelines make an disease considered rare?
Answer: diseases involving fewer than 200,000 patients

Question: When does the Orphan Drug Act trump patent law?
Answer: for certain rare diseases

Question: What problem does the Orphan Drug Act try to fix?
Answer: medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases is financially disadvantageous

Question: What type of company can gain market exclusivity through the Orphan Drug Act?
Answer: drug

Question: What is financially disadvantageous to medical companies?
Answer: medical research and development of drugs to treat such diseases

Question: Why would a company want to work on a drug for a rare disease under the Orphan Drug act?
Answer: rewarded with tax reductions, fee waivers, and market exclusivity on that drug
Pharmaceutical_industry

In the UK, the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency approves drugs for use, though the evaluation is done by the European Medicines Agency, an agency of the European Union based in London. Normally an approval in the UK and other European countries comes later than one in the USA. Then it is the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE), for England and Wales, who decides if and how the National Health Service (NHS) will allow (in the sense of paying for) their use. The British National Formulary is the core guide for pharmacists and clinicians.

Question: Who does not conduct the evaluation of drug use in the UK?
Answer: Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency

Question: Which country voted to leave the European Union in 2016?
Answer: UK

Question: What does the E in NICE stand for?
Answer: Excellence

Question: The central part of an item or concept is called?
Answer: core

Question: who considers the financing of approved drugs for use
Answer: National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)

Question: An adjective that describes anything relating or covering a nation is called?
Answer: National

Question: In what country of the EU is the European Medicines Agency located?
Answer: England

Question: What is equivalent to the FDA in the United Kingdom that is first mentioned
Answer: Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency

Question: Where are England and Wales located?
Answer: UK

Question: Which is the first country to allow drug approval use over other countries
Answer: USA

Question: What keyword is left out of the title NICE?
Answer: Health

Question: What is the full name of the agency or institute with the longest acronym mentioned in the text?
Answer: Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency

Question: What does the N in both NHS and NICE stand for?
Answer: National