UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Hindu_philosophy

In Indian philosophy, Yoga is among other things, the name of one of the six āstika philosophical schools. The Yoga philosophical system is closely allied with the dualism premises of Samkhya school. The Yoga school accepts the Samkhya psychology and metaphysics, but is considered theistic because it accepts the concept of "personal god", unlike Samkhya. The epistemology of the Yoga school, like the Sāmkhya school, relies on three of six prāmaṇas as the means of gaining reliable knowledge: pratyakṣa (perception), anumāṇa (inference) and śabda (āptavacana, word/testimony of reliable sources).

Question: What is a word to describe something you can count on?
Answer: reliable

Question: From what culture does the Yoga philosophical system originate from?
Answer: Indian

Question: what state start with I?
Answer: Indian

Question: Sabda is one of what?
Answer: prāmaṇas

Question: How is the Yoga philsophical system differentiated from Samkhya?
Answer: it accepts the concept of "personal god"

Question: What word is opposite of reject?
Answer: accepts

Question: WHat word is opposite of losing?
Answer: gaining

Question: yoga is?
Answer: Indian philosophy

Question: What is the total number of pramanas?
Answer: six

Question: yoga is also?
Answer: the name of one of the six āstika philosophical schools

Question: theistic is?
Answer: concept of "personal god"
Hindu_philosophy

Early history of Shaivism is difficult to determine. However, the Śvetāśvatara Upanishad (400 – 200 BCE) is considered to be the earliest textual exposition of a systematic philosophy of Shaivism. Shaivism is represented by various philosophical schools, including non-dualist (abheda), dualist (bheda), and non-dualist-with-dualist (bhedābheda) perspectives. Vidyaranya in his works mentions three major schools of Shaiva thought— Pashupata Shaivism, Shaiva Siddhanta and Pratyabhijña (Kashmir Shaivism).

Question: What can you break down the schools of thought surrounding this into?
Answer: non-dualist (abheda), dualist (bheda), and non-dualist-with-dualist (bhedābheda) perspectives

Question: Dualist and non-dualist are both?
Answer: philosophical schools

Question: The forms of thought of this thing that is difficult to determine are?
Answer: Pashupata Shaivism, Shaiva Siddhanta and Pratyabhijña

Question: Shavism's philosophy has a text called?
Answer: Śvetāśvatara Upanishad

Question: Which of the school of thought has the base name at the beginning of the sect name?
Answer: Shaiva Siddhanta

Question: What person can be attributed to Kashmir?
Answer: Vidyaranya
Hindu_philosophy

Samkhya philosophy includes a theory of gunas (qualities, innate tendencies, psyche). Guna, it states, are of three types: Sattva being good, compassionate, illuminating, positive, and constructive; Rajas guna is one of activity, chaotic, passion, impulsive, potentially good or bad; and Tamas being the quality of darkness, ignorance, destructive, lethargic, negative. Everything, all life forms and human beings, state Samkhya scholars, have these three gunas, but in different proportions. The interplay of these gunas defines the character of someone or something, of nature and determines the progress of life. Samkhya theorises a pluralism of souls (Jeevatmas) who possess consciousness, but denies the existence of Ishvara (God). Classical Samkhya is considered an atheist / non-theistic Hindu philosophy.

Question: What is Samkhya?
Answer: philosophy

Question: What kind of philosophy is Samkhya?
Answer: Hindu

Question: Tamas is darkness, ignorance, lethargic, negative and?
Answer: destructive

Question: What would cause one to be impulsive?
Answer: Rajas guna

Question: What is the culture of Samkhya scholars?
Answer: Hindu

Question: What are the three types of Guna and what are the qualities they have?
Answer: Sattva being good, compassionate, illuminating, positive, and constructive; Rajas guna is one of activity, chaotic, passion, impulsive, potentially good or bad; and Tamas being the quality of darkness, ignorance, destructive, lethargic, negative

Question: What is the thing that involves gunas?
Answer: Samkhya philosophy

Question: What is denied in Samkhya philosophy?
Answer: the existence of Ishvara (God)

Question: What is Ishavra?
Answer: God

Question: What is part of Hindu philosophy?
Answer: Samkhya

Question: Rajas can be potentially bad or?
Answer: good
Presbyterianism

African Presbyterian churches often incorporate diaconal ministries, including social services, emergency relief, and the operation of mission hospitals. A number of partnerships exist between presbyteries in Africa and the PC(USA), including specific connections with Lesotho, Malawi, South Africa, Ghana and Zambia. For example, the Lackawanna Presbytery, located in Northeastern Pennsylvania, has a partnership with a presbytery in Ghana. Also the Southminster Presbyterian Church, located near Pittsburgh, has partnerships with churches in Malawi and Kenya. The Presbyterian Church of Nigeria, western Africa is also healthy and strong in mostly the southern states of this nation, strong density in the south-eastern states of this country. Beginning from Cross River state, the nearby coastal states, Rivers state, Lagos state to Ebonyi and Abia States. The missionary expedition of Mary Slessor and Hope Waddel and their group in the mid 18th century in this coastal regions of the ten British colony has brought about the beginning and the flourishing of this church in these areas.

Question: If you needed social services who do you contact?
Answer: diaconal ministries

Question: Malawi and Kenya have a connection with what city?
Answer: Pittsburgh

Question: Where is the partnership for Southminster Presbyterian Church located?
Answer: Malawi and Kenya

Question: Ghana is a country in?
Answer: Africa

Question: Some parts of Africa were dominated by what foreign country?
Answer: British

Question: If I someone needs emergency relief what service could benefit them?
Answer: diaconal ministries

Question: Is it the Catholic Church that has a partnership in Africa?
Answer: African Presbyterian churches

Question: Non-religious actions at these institutions are?
Answer: social services, emergency relief, and the operation of mission hospitals

Question: What state in America has a connection with the Presbyterian churches of Africa?
Answer: Pennsylvania
Presbyterianism

Presbyterians distinguish themselves from other denominations by doctrine, institutional organization (or "church order") and worship; often using a "Book of Order" to regulate common practice and order. The origins of the Presbyterian churches are in Calvinism. Many branches of Presbyterianism are remnants of previous splits from larger groups. Some of the splits have been due to doctrinal controversy, while some have been caused by disagreement concerning the degree to which those ordained to church office should be required to agree with the Westminster Confession of Faith, which historically serves as an important confessional document – second only to the Bible, yet directing particularities in the standardization and translation of the Bible – in Presbyterian churches.

Question: What was essential beside the Bible for confession?
Answer: Westminster Confession of Faith

Question: __ was spread to Sierra Leone by Canadian missionaries.
Answer: Calvinism

Question: __ was first used by a theologian in 1552.
Answer: Calvinism

Question: What were branches of Presbyterian churches originated from?
Answer: larger groups

Question: What was the point of divergence of Presbyterian churches?
Answer: concerning the degree to which those ordained to church office should be required to agree with the Westminster Confession of Faith

Question: __ allows lending with interest.
Answer: Calvinism

Question: What text is exclusively Presbyterian?
Answer: Westminster Confession of Faith

Question: What text would the Presbyterians use to set them apart from other denominations in terms of specific beliefs?
Answer: Westminster Confession of Faith

Question: How do Presbyterians distinguish themselves?
Answer: using a "Book of Order" to regulate common practice and order

Question: What is controversial between branches?
Answer: the degree to which those ordained to church office should be required to agree with the Westminster Confession of Faith
Presbyterianism

Among the paleo-orthodox and emerging church movements in Protestant and evangelical churches, in which some Presbyterians are involved, clergy are moving away from the traditional black Geneva gown to such vestments as the alb and chasuble, but also cassock and surplice (typically a full length Old English style surplice which resembles the Celtic alb, an ungirdled liturgical tunic of the old Gallican Rite), which some, particularly those identifying with the Liturgical Renewal Movement, hold to be more ancient and representative of a more ecumenical past.

Question: Besides a gown or the alb and chasuble, what would someone from the Liturgical Renewal Movement be likely to wear?
Answer: cassock and surplice

Question: A sleeveless garment described in the the text whose name originated from ancient Rome is called a?
Answer: tunic

Question: What is the word used to represent the unity of Christian churches?
Answer: ecumenical

Question: What is the general term used for liturgical garments associated primarily with Christian religion?
Answer: vestments

Question: How many Presbyterians have joined Protestant movements?
Answer: some

Question: A sleeveless outer vestament worn by Christian clergyman is called?
Answer: chasuble

Question: What color did the clergymen in the second most populated city of Switzerland wear?
Answer: black

Question: What is another name for ordained minister?
Answer: clergy

Question: What is the name of the historical version of Christian liturgy that followed the Gallican Rite?
Answer: Old English

Question: An adjective given to items or objects connected or related to a place of worship or liturgy is?
Answer: Liturgical

Question: Where have clergy started to wear things other than their traditional gowns?
Answer: Protestant and evangelical churches

Question: What do some believe about the cassock and surplice?
Answer: more ancient and representative of a more ecumenical past

Question: What is the general name for a loose garment worn by clergy from Western Christianity?
Answer: tunic

Question: Things related to an ancient religious movement that originated in France and rejected ultramontanism is called?
Answer: Gallican

Question: A tunic of the Gallican Rite is what type of alb?
Answer: Celtic
Presbyterianism

The biggest Presbyterian church is the National Presbyterian Church in Mexico (Iglesia Nacional Presbiteriana de México), which has around 2,500,000 members and associates and 3000 congregations, but there are other small denominations like the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Mexico which was founded in 1875 by the Associate Reformed Church in North America. The Independent Presbyterian Church and the Presbyterian Reformed Church in Mexico, the National Conservative Presbyterian Church in Mexico are existing churches in the Reformed tradition.

Question: What do the other Mexican Presbyterian congregations follow?
Answer: the Reformed tradition

Question: Are there more denominations listed or congregations in the National Presbyterian Church?
Answer: congregations

Question: Are there more members or congregations in the National Presbyterian Church?
Answer: members

Question: Which of the following words is in English: Iglesia, Nacional, or Church?
Answer: Church

Question: How do people in the United States refer to the largest Mexican Presbyterian church?
Answer: National Presbyterian Church in Mexico

Question: How do people in Mexico refer to the largest Presbyterian church?
Answer: Iglesia Nacional Presbiteriana de México

Question: What small denomination following the reformed tradition is the most strict?
Answer: National Conservative Presbyterian Church in Mexico

Question: What is the population of the largest Presbyterian church?
Answer: 2,500,000 members and associates

Question: Between National Presbyterian Church in Mexico, and Associate Reformed Church in North America, which one is further north?
Answer: Associate Reformed Church in North America

Question: Between the National Presbyterian Church in Mexico and the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Church in Mexico, which is bigger?
Answer: National Presbyterian Church in Mexico

Question: Of 3000 and 2,500,000, which represents how many Presbyterian churches there are?
Answer: 3000

Question: Between the National Presbyterian Church in Mexico, and the Independent Presbyterian Church, which is bigger?
Answer: National Presbyterian Church in Mexico
Presbyterianism

Presbyterians place great importance upon education and lifelong learning. Continuous study of the scriptures, theological writings, and understanding and interpretation of church doctrine are embodied in several statements of faith and catechisms formally adopted by various branches of the church, often referred to as "subordinate standards". It is generally considered that the point of such learning is to enable one to put one's faith into practice; some Presbyterians generally exhibit their faith in action as well as words, by generosity, hospitality, as well as proclaiming the gospel of Christ.

Question: What do Presbyterians live by?
Answer: by generosity, hospitality, as well as proclaiming the gospel of Christ

Question: what group is mentioned last?
Answer: Presbyterians

Question: what type of texts are mentioned second?
Answer: theological writings

Question: Who inspired the scriptures the Presbyterians study?
Answer: Christ

Question: What is studied in the church doctrine?
Answer: understanding and interpretation

Question: What do Presbyterians think about helping others?
Answer: generosity, hospitality

Question: what group is mentioned first?
Answer: Presbyterians

Question: Which of the following is not something Presbyterians study: scriptures, generosity, or theological writings?
Answer: generosity

Question: What do religious people like to learn about?
Answer: Christ

Question: what type of texts are mentioned third?
Answer: church doctrine

Question: Who do Presbyterians place above all others?
Answer: Christ

Question: What are subordinate standards?
Answer: catechisms formally adopted by various branches of the church

Question: What do religious people rely on when thinking of Christ?
Answer: faith

Question: What is studied besides scripture and church doctrine?
Answer: theological writings

Question: What do subordinate standards do for Presbyterians?
Answer: understanding and interpretation

Question: What does lifelong learning entail?
Answer: Continuous study of the scriptures, theological writings, and understanding and interpretation of church doctrine

Question: How do Presbyterians demonstrate their faith with actions as opposed to words?
Answer: generosity, hospitality

Question: what type of texts are mentioned first?
Answer: scriptures
Presbyterianism

Korean Presbyterian denominations are active in evangelism and many of its missionaries are being sent overseas, being the second biggest missionary sender in the world after the United States. GSM, the missionary body of the "Hapdong" General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea, is the single largest Presbyterian missionary organization in Korea. In addition there are many Korean-American Presbyterians in the United States, either with their own church sites or sharing space in pre-existing churches as is the case in Australia, New Zealand and even Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia with Korean immigration.

Question: Where in North America can you find Korean Presbyterians?
Answer: United States

Question: Where do Korean Presbyterians not have their own independent churches?
Answer: Australia, New Zealand and even Muslim countries such as Saudi Arabia

Question: what nation in the passage starts with S?
Answer: Saudi Arabia

Question: what state was mentioned most?
Answer: Korean

Question: Other than Australia, New Zealand and Saudi Arabia, where else to Korean Presbyterians share church space?
Answer: United States

Question: What is the body of "Hapdong?"
Answer: GSM

Question: what religious house was mentioned?
Answer: Churches

Question: What larger religion is Presbyterian a part of?
Answer: evangelism

Question: Who is the largest sender of missionaries in the world?
Answer: United States

Question: what is been discussed?
Answer: Korean Presbyterian denominations

Question: Who is being sent overseas?
Answer: Korean Presbyterian

Question: If you wanted to be a missionary in Korea where would you go?
Answer: General Assembly of Presbyterian Churches of Korea

Question: Who sends the Korean Presbyterian missionaries out all over the world?
Answer: GSM

Question: Which other religious group shares their church space with Korean Presbyterians?
Answer: Muslim
Saint_Helena

The importation of slaves was made illegal in 1792. Governor Robert Patton (1802–1807) recommended that the company import Chinese labour to supplement the rural workforce. The coolie labourers arrived in 1810, and their numbers reached 600 by 1818. Many were allowed to stay, and their descendents became integrated into the population. An 1814 census recorded 3,507 people on the island.

Question: What happened in the 3 to 8 years prior to the coolie labourers arrival?
Answer: Governor Robert Patton (1802–1807) recommended that the company import Chinese labour to supplement the rural workforce

Question: Chinese performed?
Answer: labour

Question: Chinese replaced something because those became?
Answer: illegal

Question: When was the population of the coolies and others recorded?
Answer: 1814

Question: Chinese joined the general?
Answer: population

Question: What event was the reason why coolies were chosen as labour to import?
Answer: The importation of slaves was made illegal in 1792

Question: What was the population of the coolies and others given as?
Answer: 3,507

Question: What was the employer that used this scheme referred to as?
Answer: the company
Saint_Helena

One commentator has observed that, notwithstanding the high unemployment resulting from the loss of full passports during 1981–2002, the level of loyalty to the British monarchy by the St Helena population is probably not exceeded in any other part of the world. King George VI is the only reigning monarch to have visited the island. This was in 1947 when the King, accompanied by Queen Elizabeth (later the Queen Mother), Princess Elizabeth (later Queen Elizabeth II) and Princess Margaret were travelling to South Africa. Prince Philip arrived at St Helena in 1957 and then his son Prince Andrew visited as a member of the armed forces in 1984 and his sister the Princess Royal arrived in 2002.

Question: Which daughter of Queen Elizabeth did become Queen?
Answer: Princess Elizabeth

Question: What was the King doing when he happened to stop by St. Helena?
Answer: travelling to South Africa

Question: Who is Princess Royal's father?
Answer: Philip

Question: Who visited St Helena closest to 1999?
Answer: the Princess Royal

Question: Which daughter of Queen Elizabeth did not become Queen?
Answer: Princess Margaret

Question: When did Philip's daughter visit St. Helena?
Answer: 2002

Question: Who visited St Helena earlier, King George VI or Prince Andrew?
Answer: King George VI

Question: Who visited St Helena more recently, King George VI or the Princess Royal?
Answer: the Princess Royal

Question: In what is St. Helena second to none?
Answer: loyalty to the British monarchy

Question: Which woman of the British royal family who visited St. Helena never became queen?
Answer: Princess Margaret

Question: Where do the people who are probably the most loyal to the British royal family live?
Answer: St Helena

Question: Who visited Prince Philip 45 years after he went to St. Helena?
Answer: his sister

Question: Who visited St Helena closest to 1979?
Answer: Prince Andrew

Question: Who visited St Helena later, King George VI or Prince Philip?
Answer: Prince Philip
Saint_Helena

The climate of Saint Helena is tropical, marine and mild, tempered by the Benguela Current and trade winds that blow almost continuously. The climate varies noticeably across the island. Temperatures in Jamestown, on the north leeward shore, range between 21–28 °C (70–82 °F) in the summer (January to April) and 17–24 °C (63–75 °F) during the remainder of the year. The temperatures in the central areas are, on average, 5–6 °C (9.0–10.8 °F) lower. Jamestown also has a very low annual rainfall, while 750–1,000 mm (30–39 in) falls per year on the higher ground and the south coast, where it is also noticeably cloudier. There are weather recording stations in the Longwood and Blue Hill districts.

Question: The most abundant fishes in the __ system are Sardinops and Engraulis
Answer: Benguela

Question: Why might my garden receive more rain, for instance, than someone else's on a different part of the island?
Answer: The climate varies noticeably across the island

Question: What area has warmer temperatures?
Answer: Jamestown

Question: What contributes to the island's climate?
Answer: the Benguela Current and trade winds

Question: Where is it less sunny on the island?
Answer: the higher ground and the south coast

Question: Where have the figures represented been collected?
Answer: weather recording stations in the Longwood and Blue Hill districts

Question: During the __ Niño, warm, salty waters from the Angola Current move southward
Answer: Benguela

Question: __ is 200 to 300 km wide and widens further as it flows north and northwest
Answer: Benguela Current
Saint_Helena

The UK government has spent £250 million in the construction of the island's airport. Expected to be fully operational early 2016, it is expected to help the island towards self-sufficiency and encourage economic development, reducing dependence on British government aid. The airport is also expected to kick start the tourism industry, with up to 30,000 visitors expected annually. As of August, 2015 ticketing was postponed until an airline could be firmly designated.

Question: What do the British want to make?
Answer: airport

Question: What is fundamental to the function of the airport that has yet to be obtained?
Answer: airline

Question: Which party has the need to be self-sufficient?
Answer: the island

Question: When can the island expect its first visitors?
Answer: 2016

Question: In which part of 2016 will the airport be ready?
Answer: early

Question: What industrial benefit comes from the 250 million investment?
Answer: tourism

Question: When could someone expect an airline to be firmly designated?
Answer: early 2016

Question: What is a bonus of the airport to the island, separate from reducing dependence on British aid?
Answer: The airport is also expected to kick start the tourism industry

Question: Which party is helping financially?
Answer: The UK government

Question: The airport was meant to kick start the tourism industry with up to 30,000 visitors expected anually for whom?
Answer: the island

Question: Up to 30,000 visitors were expected annually, but all after what event?
Answer: the construction of the island's airport

Question: What is keeping tourists from visiting the island at this time?
Answer: airline

Question: How would the project help the island's economic development?
Answer: kick start the tourism industry