UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Dutch_language

Vowel length is not always considered a distinctive feature in Dutch phonology, because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality. One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness. However, even if not considered part of the phonemic opposition, the long/tense vowels are still realised as phonetically longer than their short counterparts. The changes in vowel quality are also not always the same in all dialects, and in some there may be little difference at all, with length remaining the primary distinguishing feature. And while it is true that older words always pair vowel length with a change in vowel quality, new loanwords have reintroduced phonemic oppositions of length. Compare zonne(n) [ˈzɔnə] ("suns") versus zone [ˈzɔːnə] ("zone") versus zonen [ˈzoːnə(n)] ("sons"), or kroes [krus] ("mug") versus cruise [kruːs] ("cruise").

Question: What are some changes rewarding Dutch phonology?
Answer: new loanwords have reintroduced phonemic oppositions of length

Question: What study is this a part of?
Answer: phonology

Question: What are new words now based on?
Answer: opposition of tenseness

Question: What is a characteristic of tense vowels?
Answer: phonetically longer than their short counterparts

Question: Why would a vowel whether is was short tense or not,  why can't you say it can be use in particular alone to find alterations in quality?
Answer: because it normally co-occurs with changes in vowel quality

Question: Why is vowel stretch not a leading factor rewarding phonology in the Dutch culture?
Answer: One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness

Question: What is a difference in this across lanaguages?
Answer: in some there may be little difference at all, with length remaining the primary distinguishing feature

Question: How does changing vowel length effect words?
Answer: some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness

Question: What can vary among different Dutch speakers?
Answer: changes in vowel quality

Question: How does this change how the vowels are viewed?
Answer: However, even if not considered part of the phonemic opposition, the long/tense vowels are still realised as phonetically longer than their short counterparts

Question: What could you say is boring because it occurs over and over?
Answer: One feature or the other may be considered redundant

Question: What consideration are taken concerning long vowels?
Answer: phonetically longer than their short counterparts

Question: What has happened in modern times?
Answer: new loanwords have reintroduced phonemic oppositions of length

Question: What and how do some like to view things?
Answer: One feature or the other may be considered redundant, and some phonemic analyses prefer to treat it as an opposition of tenseness

Question: What is the subject of this article?
Answer: Dutch phonology

Question: Which feature is not as important for some Dutch speakers?
Answer: changes in vowel quality
Dutch_language

Dutch is written using the Latin script. Dutch uses one additional character beyond the standard alphabet, the digraph IJ. It has a relatively high proportion of doubled letters, both vowels and consonants, due to the formation of compound words and also to the spelling devices for distinguishing the many vowel sounds in the Dutch language. An example of five consecutive doubled letters is the word voorraaddoos (food storage container). The diaeresis (Dutch: trema) is used to mark vowels that are pronounced separately when involving a pre- or suffix. Whereas a hyphen is used when this problem occurs in compound words. For example; "beïnvloed" (influenced), but zee-eend (sea duck). Generally, other diacritical marks only occur in loanwords, though the acute accent can also be used for emphasis or to differentiate between two forms. Its most common use is to differentiate between the indefinite article 'een' (a, an) and the numeral 'één' (one).

Question: What does the item described as an illustration of a parcel of speech in the tongue of people from the netherlands that has a fivefold repeated usage of a vowel help to hold?
Answer: food

Question: The fact that in the tongue of people from the Netherlands often utilizes parcels of speech that are made up of other parcels of speech meshed together results in the prodigious use of what element of language put to paper?
Answer: relatively high proportion of doubled letters

Question: Dutch has one what one difference from Latin?
Answer: digraph IJ

Question: Which of the following is a punctuation mark: suffix, hyphen or vowels?
Answer: hyphen

Question: What language alphabet does the dutch word trema use?
Answer: Latin

Question: What is the word, voorraaddoos, an example of?
Answer: high proportion of doubled letters, both vowels and consonants, due to the formation of compound words and also to the spelling devices for distinguishing the many vowel sounds

Question: What letters tend to be repeated in twos in Dutch?
Answer: vowels and consonants

Question: What notation, named in English, in the tongue of the people of the Netherlands is placed over a vowel to indicate it should be said as a separate sound all its own by the speaker?
Answer: diaeresis

Question: The Dutch diaeresis is also?
Answer: trema

Question: Which of the following words in not in Dutch: voorraaddoos, zee-eend, or sea duck?
Answer: sea duck

Question: What is the name, in the language of the people of the Netherlands, of notation in the tongue of the people of the Netherlands that is placed over a vowel to indicate it should be said as a separate sound all its own by the speaker?
Answer: trema

Question: What is voorraaddoos an example of?
Answer: container

Question: Which of the following is not a type of letter: vowels, hyphen, or consonants?
Answer: hyphen

Question: Other than the diaeresis and hyphen, when are marks used?
Answer: loanwords

Question: What deviation exists between the conglomeration of letters used in English and that used by the populace of the Netherlands?
Answer: one additional character beyond the standard alphabet, the digraph IJ
Dutch_language

In the Southern Netherlands (now Belgium and Luxembourg) developments were different. Under Spanish, then Austrian, and then French rule standardisation of Dutch language came to a standstill. The state, law, and increasingly education used French, yet more than half the Belgian population were speaking a Dutch dialect. In the course of the nineteenth century the Flemish movement stood up for the rights of Dutch, mostly called Flemish. But in competing with the French language the variation in dialects was a serious disadvantage. Since standardisation is a lengthy process, Dutch-speaking Belgium associated itself with the standard language that had already developed in the Netherlands over the centuries. Therefore, the situation in Belgium is essentially no different from that in the Netherlands, although there are recognisable differences in pronunciation, comparable to the pronunciation differences between standard British and standard American English. In 1980 the Netherlands and Belgium concluded the Language Union Treaty. This treaty lays down the principle that the two countries must gear their language policy to each other, among other things, for a common system of spelling.

Question: What made it difficult for the Flemish to compete with the the French language in the state law and education?
Answer: the variation in dialects

Question: Who was the first nation to rule Belgium and Luxembourg?
Answer: Spanish

Question: What separates languages in Belgium and the Netherlands?
Answer: recognisable differences in pronunciation

Question: What languages is Dutch compared to as far as the change over time?
Answer: British and standard American English

Question: What countries helped turn the Netherlands into what it is today?
Answer: Spanish, then Austrian, and then French

Question: Which of the following was NOT a period of rule for the Netherlands: French, Spanish or British?
Answer: British

Question: How much of the population were Flemish in Belgium in the 19th Century
Answer: more than half

Question: Who was the last nation to rule Belgium and Luxembourg?
Answer: the French

Question: Who was the second nation to rule Belgium and Luxembourg
Answer: Austrian

Question: Which came first: the Language Union Treaty or French rule of the Netherlands?
Answer: French rule

Question: What languages were used in the Southern Netherlands?
Answer: The state, law, and increasingly education used French, yet more than half the Belgian population were speaking a Dutch dialect
Montevideo

The port on Montevideo Bay is one of the reasons the city was founded. It gives natural protection to ships, although two jetties now further protect the harbour entrance from waves. This natural port is competitive with the other great port of Río de la Plata, Buenos Aires. The main engineering work on the port occurred between the years 1870 and 1930. These six decades saw the construction of the port's first wooden pier, several warehouses in La Aguada, the north and south Rambla, a river port, a new pier, the dredged river basin and the La Teja refinery. A major storm in 1923 necessitated repairs to many of the city's engineering works. Since the second half of the 20th century, physical changes have ceased, and since that time the area has degraded due to national economic stagnation.

Question: What was happening during 1899?
Answer: main engineering work

Question: What strategic location in the port has additional engineering to further protect the port?
Answer: harbour entrance

Question: Why might a ship seek out Montevideo Bay?
Answer: protection

Question: What is the area called that Montevideo is in?
Answer: Río de la Plata

Question: What port is similar to Montevideo Bay?
Answer: Río de la Plata

Question: What can be said about the pier built during the six decades?
Answer: first wooden pier

Question: Why doesn't the port have to worry about waves?
Answer: two jetties now further protect the harbour entrance from waves

Question: During what length of time were the most upgrades done on the port?
Answer: six decades

Question: Why did the engineering works need repairs?
Answer: A major storm

Question: Why was the bay originally chosen as a good site for a port?
Answer: It gives natural protection to ships

Question: What year saw the end of the work on the port even though a major storm had most likely slowed progress?
Answer: 1930

Question: What was one of the reasons the city was founded around the port?
Answer: It gives natural protection to ships

Question: What is the major reason the city was created?
Answer: The port

Question: What city holds another port that has been beneficial to the country?
Answer: Buenos Aires

Question: What is the name of the place where oil is refined within the city?
Answer: La Teja
Montevideo

The Rambla is an avenue that goes along the entire coastline of Montevideo. The literal meaning of the Spanish word rambla is "avenue" or "watercourse", but in the Americas it is mostly used as "coastal avenue", and since all the southern departments of Uruguay border either the Río de la Plata or the Atlantic Ocean, they all have ramblas as well. As an integral part of Montevidean identity, the Rambla has been included by Uruguay in the Indicative List of World Heritage sites, though it has not received this status. Previously, the entire Rambla was called Rambla Naciones Unidas ("United Nations"), but in recent times different names have been given to specific parts of it.

Question: Which of the following is not a potential meaning of rambla: avenue, border or watercourse?
Answer: border

Question: Which of the following is bigger: Uruguay or Montevideo?
Answer: Uruguay

Question: Where can you find more coastal avenues?
Answer: all the southern departments of Uruguay border either the Río de la Plata or the Atlantic Ocean

Question: What is the English name of Rambla?
Answer: coastal avenue

Question: Which of the following is not a body of water: the Rio de la Plata, the Americas or the Atlantic Ocean?
Answer: Americas

Question: What was the original name of the rambla in english?
Answer: United Nations
Montevideo

There are also other types of museums in the city. The Museo del Gaucho y de la Moneda, located in the Centro, has distinctive displays of the historical culture of Uruguay's gauchos, their horse gear, silver work and mate (tea), gourds, and bombillas (drinking straws) in odd designs. The Museo Naval, is located on the eastern waterfront in Buceo and offers exhibits depicting the maritime history of Uruguay. The Museo del Automóvil, belonging to the Automobile Club of Uruguay, has a rich collection of vintage cars which includes a 1910 Hupmobile. The Museo y Parque Fernando García in Carrasco, a transport and automobile museum, includes old horse carriages and some early automobiles. The Castillo Pittamiglio, with an unusual façade, highlights the eccentric legacy of Humberto Pittamiglio, local alchemist and architect.

Question: What shows the history of the country?
Answer: Museo del Gaucho y de la Moneda

Question: Which of the following museums does not include automobiles: Museo del Automovil, Museo Naval, or Museo y Parque Fernando Garcia?
Answer: Museo Naval

Question: Which group enjoyed mate?
Answer: gauchos

Question: What shows ancient vehicles?
Answer: Museo y Parque Fernando García in Carrasco

Question: What is museum is the most unique?
Answer: Castillo Pittamiglio

Question: What is unique at the Museo del Gaucho y de la Moneda?
Answer: odd designs

Question: Where can I find old cars?
Answer: Museo y Parque Fernando García

Question: One museum has a 1910 Hupmobile, what is the name of the one with carriages?
Answer: Museo y Parque Fernando García

Question: Which of the following was not owned by the gauchos: horse gear, mate, or museums?
Answer: museums

Question: Where can I find information on horses and their uses?
Answer: Museo y Parque Fernando García

Question: Which of the following is not a neighborhood: Buceo, Carrasco or Garcia?
Answer: García

Question: Where are the historical ships located?
Answer: Museo Naval

Question: What was the draw of the local Auto museums?
Answer: early automobiles

Question: What's located in the city?
Answer: other types of museums

Question: The museum with the historical vehicles is owned by?
Answer: Automobile Club of Uruguay
Montevideo

The largest cemetery is the Cementerio del Norte, located in the northern-central part of the city. The Central Cemetery (Spanish: Cementerio central), located in Barrio Sur in the southern area of the city, is one of Uruguay's main cemeteries. It was one of the first cemeteries (in contrast to church graveyards) in the country, founded in 1835 in a time where burials were still carried out by the Catholic Church. It is the burial place of many of the most famous Uruguayans, such as Eduardo Acevedo, Delmira Agustini, Luis Batlle Berres, José Batlle y Ordóñez, Juan Manuel Blanes, François Ducasse, father of Comte de Lautréamont (Isidore Ducasse), Luis Alberto de Herrera, Benito Nardone, José Enrique Rodó, and Juan Zorrilla de San Martín.

Question: Who was behind the creation of Cementerio central?
Answer: the Catholic Church

Question: What royalty is buried there?
Answer: François Ducasse

Question: Who is one person entombed there that has a name that starts with a Dand also an A?
Answer: Delmira Agustini

Question: Which cemetary has many uruguayan's which are famous in history?
Answer: Cementerio central)

Question: Not the first, but the more popular, where is that cemetary?
Answer: the northern-central part of the city

Question: Who is one person entombed there that has a name that starts with a L and also an B?
Answer: Luis Batlle Berres

Question: Who is one person entombed there that has a name that starts with a J and also an O?
Answer: José Batlle y Ordóñez

Question: How does the cemetery differ from modern times?
Answer: founded in 1835 in a time where burials were still carried out by the Catholic Church

Question: What is considered to be a primary cemetary in Uruguay?
Answer: Cementerio central

Question: Who is one person entombed there that has a name that starts with a J and also an B?
Answer: Juan Manuel Blanes

Question: What did Cemetries in Uruguay replace?
Answer: church graveyards

Question: Why is the cemetery signifianct?
Answer: It is the burial place of many of the most famous Uruguayans

Question: Where is the major cemetary?
Answer: Barrio Sur

Question: Where might a deceased person be buried in Uruguay instead of a church graveyard?
Answer: Cemetery

Question: What english word is the same as the spanish word Cementerio?
Answer: Cemetery
Montevideo

In Montevideo, as throughout the Rio de Plata region, the most popular forms of music are tango, milonga and vals criollo. Many notable songs originated in Montevideo including "El Tango supremo", La Cumparsita", La Milonga", "La Puñalada" and "Desde el Alma", composed by notable Montevideo musicians such as Gerardo Matos Rodríguez, Pintín Castellanos and Rosita Melo. Tango is deeply ingrained in the cultural life of the city and is the theme for many of the bars and restaurants in the city. Fun Fun' Bar, established in 1935, is one of the most important places for tango in Uruguay as is El Farolito, located in the old part of the city and Joventango, Café Las Musas, Garufa and Vieja Viola. The city is also home to the Montevideo Jazz Festival and has the Bancaria Jazz Club bar catering for jazz enthusiasts.

Question: Which of the following is not a popular form of music in Montevideo: tango, vals criollo, or Fun Fun' Bar?
Answer: Fun Fun' Bar

Question: What type of tunes are preferred by those in Montevideo?
Answer: tango, milonga and vals criollo

Question: Where is the Fun Fun Bar?
Answer: Uruguay

Question: Which of the following is not a notable Montevideo musician: Pintín Castellanos, Rosita Melo, or milonga?
Answer: milonga

Question: What is the second type of music listed?
Answer: milonga

Question: What did Rosita Melo create?
Answer: songs

Question: What large get together of music folks who love jazz is hosted?
Answer: Montevideo Jazz Festival

Question: When was an incredibly important tango related customer service establishment founded?
Answer: 1935

Question: Which of the following is not a notable song that originated in Montevideo: La Cumparsita, La Puñalada, or tango?
Answer: tango

Question: Who, alphabetically based on first name, lived in Montevideo while making popular tunes?
Answer: Rosita Melo

Question: Which of the following is a notable Montevideo musician: tango, milonga, or Rosita Melo?
Answer: Rosita Melo

Question: Where is Montevideo located?
Answer: Rio de Plata region

Question: Which of the following is not a popular form of music in Montevideo: tango, milonga, or Uruguay?
Answer: Uruguay

Question: "La Milonga" wouldn't exist if not for what place?
Answer: Montevideo

Question: What type of music is listed after milonga?
Answer: vals criollo
Montevideo

The Palacio Taranco is located in front of the Plaza Zabala, in the heart of Ciudad Vieja. It was erected in the early 20th century as the residence of the Ortiz Taranco brothers on the ruins of Montevideo's first theatre (of 1793), during a period in which the architectural style was influenced by French architecture. The palace was designed by French architects Charles Louis Girault and Jules Chifflot León who also designed the Petit Palais and the Arc de Triomphe in Paris. It passed to the city from the heirs of the Tarancos in 1943, along with its precious collection of Uruguayan furniture and draperies and was deemed by the city as an ideal place for a museum; in 1972 it became the Museum of Decorative Arts of Montevideo and in 1975 it became a National Heritage Site. The Decorative Arts Museum has an important collection of European paintings and decorative arts, ancient Greek and Roman art and Islamic ceramics of the 10th–18th century from the area of present-day Iran. The palace is often used as a meeting place by the Uruguayan government.

Question: Which happened first, the Palacio Taranco became a National Heritage Site or it became the Museum of Decorative Arts of Montevideo?
Answer: became the Museum

Question: Which event took place first, the Palacio Taranco became a National Heritage Site or it was passed to the city from the heirs of the Tarancos?
Answer: passed to the city from the heirs of the Tarancos

Question: What kind of building occupied the site of the space the Palacio Taranco was built on?
Answer: theatre

Question: Who first inherited the Palacio Taranco?
Answer: the heirs

Question: What happened the Ortiz Taranco brothers home after it was given to the city?
Answer: it became the Museum of Decorative Arts of Montevideo

Question: What is the spot that is in back of a common gathering point for the Uruguayan government?
Answer: the Plaza Zabala

Question: The Palacio Taranco looks?
Answer: French

Question: Although the design was french, what were the curtains?
Answer: Uruguayan

Question: Where does the Uruguauyan government often meet?
Answer: The Decorative Arts Museum

Question: What city did the Ortiz Taranco brothers live in?
Answer: Ciudad Vieja
Montevideo

A Spanish expedition was sent from Buenos Aires, organized by the Spanish governor of that city, Bruno Mauricio de Zabala. On 22 January 1724, the Spanish forced the Portuguese to abandon the location and started populating the city, initially with six families moving in from Buenos Aires and soon thereafter by families arriving from the Canary Islands who were called by the locals "guanches", "guanchos" or "canarios". There was also one significant early Italian resident by the name of Jorge Burgues.

Question: What was the nationality of the first non-Spanish resident?
Answer: Italian

Question: What was de Zabala's role in the Spanish government?
Answer: Spanish governor

Question: Who specifically came from the place that sounds like a place of birds?
Answer: families

Question: What forced the Portuguese to leave their home in 1724?
Answer: A Spanish expedition was sent from Buenos Aires

Question: what ethnicity is mentioned first?
Answer: Spanish

Question: Where did the first group of people populating the land come from?
Answer: Buenos Aires

Question: what was the second to last ethnicity mentioned?
Answer: Portuguese

Question: What is the overall issue here?
Answer: the Spanish forced the Portuguese to abandon the location

Question: what is the last ethnicity mentioned?
Answer: Italian

Question: Where did a small number of people come from?
Answer: Buenos Aires

Question: Who came from the place that sounds like a bird?
Answer: "guanches", "guanchos" or "canarios

Question: what group is mentioned first?
Answer: A Spanish expedition

Question: what was the second to last alternative name mentioned?
Answer: guanchos

Question: Who were the original inhabitants of the land in question?
Answer: the Portuguese

Question: What person, without using his name,  was likely feeling like the odd man out?
Answer: early Italian resident