UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Law_of_the_United_States

Some states distinguish between two levels: felonies and misdemeanors (minor crimes). Generally, most felony convictions result in lengthy prison sentences as well as subsequent probation, large fines, and orders to pay restitution directly to victims; while misdemeanors may lead to a year or less in jail and a substantial fine. To simplify the prosecution of traffic violations and other relatively minor crimes, some states have added a third level, infractions. These may result in fines and sometimes the loss of one's driver's license, but no jail time.

Question: What crime does not result in jail time?
Answer: infractions

Question: Of the crimes mentioned, which holds a heavier weight?
Answer: felonies

Question: Which are considered major crimes?
Answer: felonies

Question: Which type of offense carries an intermediate risk of jail: felonies, infractions or misdemeanors?
Answer: misdemeanors

Question: Which of the following is not a type of crime: felonies, fines or misdemeanors?
Answer: fines

Question: Would you have jail time on infractions or felonies?
Answer: felonies

Question: Which of the following is less severe: infractions or misdemeanors?
Answer: infractions

Question: How much time can you face if you commit a minor crime?
Answer: a year or less in jail

Question: What is less than a minor crime?
Answer: infractions

Question: What is listed as level number 2?
Answer: misdemeanors

Question: Would you have jail time on infractions or on misdemeanors?
Answer: misdemeanors
Law_of_the_United_States

As federal judge Alex Kozinski has pointed out, binding precedent as we know it today simply did not exist at the time the Constitution was framed. Judicial decisions were not consistently, accurately, and faithfully reported on both sides of the Atlantic (reporters often simply rewrote or failed to publish decisions which they disliked), and the United Kingdom lacked a coherent court hierarchy prior to the end of the 19th century. Furthermore, English judges in the eighteenth century subscribed to now-obsolete natural law theories of law, by which law was believed to have an existence independent of what individual judges said. Judges saw themselves as merely declaring the law which had always theoretically existed, and not as making the law. Therefore, a judge could reject another judge's opinion as simply an incorrect statement of the law, in the way that scientists regularly reject each other's conclusions as incorrect statements of the laws of science.

Question: In the 18th century, what method did judges use to determine their judgments?
Answer: natural law theories of law

Question: What is the current status of the natural law theories of law?
Answer: obsolete

Question: How was the law perceived in the 18th century?
Answer: natural

Question: What would happen if a judge in the 18th century England disagreed with the judgement of another?
Answer: judge could reject another judge's opinion

Question: What was the state of reporting in the 18th century?
Answer: Judicial decisions were not consistently, accurately, and faithfully reported

Question: How were 18th century judges similar to scientists?
Answer: regularly reject each other's conclusions

Question: Why was a binding precedent not possible at the time of the Constitution?
Answer: United Kingdom lacked a coherent court hierarchy

Question: Why does the lack of court hierarchy matter?
Answer: binding precedent as we know it today simply did not exist at the time the Constitution was framed

Question: How does practice of law differ now than years ago?
Answer: English judges in the eighteenth century subscribed to now-obsolete natural law theories of law

Question: What judicial element was non-existent in 19th century United Kingdom?
Answer: binding precedent

Question: What purpose did judges serve in the 18th century?
Answer: declaring the law
Law_of_the_United_States

Federal law originates with the Constitution, which gives Congress the power to enact statutes for certain limited purposes like regulating interstate commerce. The United States Code is the official compilation and codification of the general and permanent federal statutes. Many statutes give executive branch agencies the power to create regulations, which are published in the Federal Register and codified into the Code of Federal Regulations. Regulations generally also carry the force of law under the Chevron doctrine. Many lawsuits turn on the meaning of a federal statute or regulation, and judicial interpretations of such meaning carry legal force under the principle of stare decisis.

Question: What assured the power of law to regulations?
Answer: Chevron doctrine

Question: What part of federal law allows statutes to be enacted which are later listed in another compilation?
Answer: Constitution

Question: What is a legal doctrine that obligates courts to follow historical cases when making a ruling on a similar case
Answer: stare decisis

Question: What rule set branches from the consitituion?
Answer: Federal law

Question: What is found in the United States Code?
Answer: statutes

Question: What term can be used for a highway?
Answer: interstate

Question: Who would make laws on interstate commerce/
Answer: Congress

Question: What convention is followed in which a previous case has set a precedent?
Answer: stare decisis

Question: Where would one find statutes made by the executive branch?
Answer: Federal Register

Question: Stare decisis means laws are open for what?
Answer: judicial interpretations
Canadian_Armed_Forces

Canadian defence policy today is based on the Canada First Defence Strategy, introduced in 2008. Based on that strategy, the Canadian military is oriented and being equipped to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally. Specifically, the Canadian Armed Forces are tasked with having the capacity to:

Question: What is the most expansive area that the Canada First Defense Strategy cover?
Answer: globally

Question: To what portion of the Canadian Government does this passage pertain?
Answer: military

Question: Where is the Canadian military willing to get engaged in?
Answer: globally

Question: What is another general term for the armed forces of a country?
Answer: military

Question: What timeperiod is mentioned in the passage?
Answer: 2008

Question: What canadian military policy is discussed in this passage?
Answer: defence policy

Question: What entity used by the country just north of the United States that deals with management of the armed forces?
Answer: Canada First Defence Strategy

Question: The 2008 Canada First Defence Strategy is the model for what?
Answer: Canadian defence policy today

Question: How expansive is the Canadian First Defence Strategy?
Answer: capacity

Question: What is the term used to define how a country equips itself to resist attack?
Answer: defence

Question: What is the Canadian armed forces prepared for?
Answer: to carry out six core missions within Canada, in North America and globally

Question: How is the Canadian Military being prepared to meet this mission?
Answer: being equipped

Question: What is the country north of the United States?
Answer: Canada
Canadian_Armed_Forces

In 2008 the Government of Canada made efforts, through the Canada First Defence Strategy, to modernize the Canadian Armed Forces, through the purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment. More funds were also put towards recruitment, which had been dwindling throughout the 1980s and '90s, possibly because the Canadian populace had come to perceive the CAF as peacekeepers rather than as soldiers, as shown in a 2008 survey conducted for the Department of National Defence. The poll found that nearly two thirds of Canadians agreed with the country's participation in the invasion of Afghanistan, and that the military should be stronger, but also that the purpose of the forces should be different, such as more focused on responding to natural disasters. Then CDS, Walter Natynczyk, said later that year that while recruiting has become more successful, the CF was facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members, which increased between 2006 and 2008 from 6% to 9.2% annually.

Question: efforts were made by?
Answer: Government of Canada

Question: Why was the CF recruiting strongly?
Answer: facing a problem with its rate of loss of existing members, which increased between 2006 and 2008 from 6% to 9.2% annually

Question: Even though seen as peacekeepers by Canadians, what did they approve of?
Answer: the country's participation in the invasion of Afghanistan, and that the military should be stronger, but also that the purpose of the forces should be different, such as more focused on responding to natural disasters

Question: CAF is known as?
Answer: Canadian Armed Forces

Question: What was the rate of loss of existing members twelve years ago?
Answer: 9.2%

Question: efforts were made in?
Answer: the purchase of new equipment

Question: What organization was tasked with figuring out how to improve the Canadian Armed Forces?
Answer: Canada First Defence Strategy

Question: How were the funds distributed afterwards?
Answer: purchase of new equipment, improved training and readiness, as well as the establishment of the Canadian Special Operations Regiment

Question: Which country did NOT get invaded?
Answer: Canada

Question: How was the CAF struggling?
Answer: Canadian populace had come to perceive the CAF as peacekeepers rather than as soldiers

Question: improved training and readiness was part of the?
Answer: made efforts

Question: Which of the following of is not part of Canada's defense strategy: the Canadian Armed Forces, Afghanistan or the Canadian Special Operations Regiment?
Answer: Afghanistan

Question: What organization was developed as part of Canada's attempt to bring their armed forces up to speed?
Answer: Canadian Special Operations Regiment

Question: What did Canadian citizens think the role of the CAF was not, according to a survey?
Answer: soldiers
Canadian_Armed_Forces

Canada's Armed forces operate out of 27 Canadian Forces bases (CFB) across the country, including NDHQ. This number has been gradually reduced since the 1970s with bases either being closed or merged. Both officers and non-commissioned members receive their basic training at the Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu. Officers will generally either directly enter the Canadian Armed Forces with a degree from a civilian university, or receive their commission upon graduation from the Royal Military College of Canada. Specific element and trade training is conducted at a variety of institutions throughout Canada, and to a lesser extent, the world.

Question: what place in the passage starts with S?
Answer: Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu

Question: What ceremonious act must a future officer of the Canadian Armed Forces have gone through in order to receive their commission?
Answer: graduation

Question: Besides specific element and trade training, what other type of training do soldiers receive after leaving the Royal Military College or a civilian university?
Answer: basic

Question: CFB can be known as?
Answer: Canadian Forces bases

Question: What are you considered before entering the Canadian Armed Forces if you didn't go to military school?
Answer: civilian

Question: To a greater extent specific element and trade training can be obtained where?
Answer: Canada

Question: If you need to know how to do a certain skill where will you likely learn how?
Answer: at a variety of institutions throughout Canada

Question: Forces Leadership and Recruit School is hosted where?
Answer: Canada

Question: If you are an officer in the Canadian Armed Forces and didn't graduate from the Royal Military College of Canada, what did you receive?
Answer: a degree from a civilian university

Question: Besides formal institutions, where else do soldiers acquire knowledge?
Answer: Specific element and trade training is conducted at a variety of institutions throughout Canada, and to a lesser extent, the world

Question: What did a ranking member likely matriculate from including the  official military college?
Answer: Officers will generally either directly enter the Canadian Armed Forces with a degree from a civilian university, or receive their commission upon graduation from the Royal Military College of Canada

Question: What is common ground for committed soldiers regardless of their rank?
Answer: Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School in Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu

Question: Officers will generally receive what upon graduation from a civilian university?
Answer: degree

Question: After graduation, officers can directly enter this school to obtain preliminary army instruction.
Answer: Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School

Question: what institution was mentioned in the passage?
Answer: Canadian Forces Leadership and Recruit School
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Health Services Group is a joint formation that includes over 120 general or specialized units and detachments providing health services to the Canadian Armed Forces. With few exceptions, all elements are under command of the Surgeon General for domestic support and force generation, or temporarily assigned under command of a deployed Joint Task Force through Canadian Joint Operations Command.

Question: What adjective refers to being equipped with weapons?
Answer: Armed

Question: for the most part who oversees the health services to the Canadian Armed Forces?
Answer: Surgeon General

Question: WHat is the third mentioned group?
Answer: Joint Task Force

Question: What is opposite of over?
Answer: under

Question: What is the name for a point of contact where two bones come together in the body?
Answer: Joint

Question: In the US, Coors and Budweiser are what kind of beer?
Answer: domestic

Question: Is the Health Service Group a solo endeavor?
Answer: a joint formation

Question: What is the second mentioned group?
Answer: Canadian Armed Forces

Question: Something that is in use for a limited period of time, and is not permenant is given what description?
Answer: temporarily

Question: Groups of troops sent away on a seperate mission are generally called?
Answer: detachments

Question: If not the Surgeon general then who is responsible for the health service to the Canadian Armed Forces?
Answer: deployed Joint Task Force
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Cadet Organizations Administration and Training Service (COATS) consists of officers and non-commissioned members who conduct training, safety, supervision and administration of nearly 60,000 cadets aged 12 to 18 years in the Canadian Cadet Movement. The majority of members in COATS are officers of the Cadet Instructors Cadre (CIC) branch of the CAF. Members of the Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS who are not employed part-time (Class A) or full-time (Class B) may be held on the "Cadet Instructor Supplementary Staff List" (CISS List) in anticipation of employment in the same manner as other reservists are held as members of the Supplementary Reserve.

Question: What do Class A and Class B members of COATS share in common?
Answer: employment

Question: What does the T in COATS stand for?
Answer: Training

Question: What does the A in COATS stand for?
Answer: Administration

Question: What does the C in COATS stand for?
Answer: Cadet

Question: How do COATS members anticipate employment?
Answer: be held on the "Cadet Instructor Supplementary Staff List"

Question: What does the A in "COATS" stand for?
Answer: Administration

Question: What does the T in COATS stand for?
Answer: Training

Question: What does the S in COATS stand for?
Answer: Service

Question: What does the O in "COATS" stand for?
Answer: Organizations

Question: What does the I in "CISS" stand for?
Answer: Instructor

Question: What does the O in COATS stand for?
Answer: Organizations

Question: What branch of the CAF is abbreviated CIC?
Answer: Cadet Instructors Cadre

Question: How are Members of the Reserve Force Sub-Component COATS held?
Answer: the same manner as other reservists are held
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Canadian Army is headed by the Commander of the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions—the 2nd Canadian Division, the 3rd Canadian Division, the 4th Canadian Division and the 5th Canadian Division—the Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters.

Question: Who is responsible for the Canadian Army?
Answer: the Commander

Question: What is the job of the four divisions?
Answer: the Canadian Army and administered through four divisions

Question: the 2nd DIvision is part of?
Answer: four divisions

Question: where is the Central command?
Answer: 5th Canadian Division

Question: What additional departments are responsible for administration of the army?
Answer: Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System and the Canadian Army Headquarters

Question: Where would you expect to find the most protected people?
Answer: Canadian Army Headquarters

Question: What is the numerical assignment of the second division of the Canadian Army?
Answer: 3rd

Question: What is the numerical assignment of the fourth division of the Canadian Army?
Answer: 5th

Question: What number is the fourth division of the Canadian army referred to as?
Answer: 5th

Question: What is the numerical assignment of the third division of the Canadian Army?
Answer: 4th

Question: Where would you expect to find boot-camp for soldiers?
Answer: Canadian Army Doctrine and Training System

Question: what is been discussed?
Answer: The Canadian Army

Question: what department is responsible for administration?
Answer: Army Headquarters
Canadian_Armed_Forces

Currently, the Regular Force component of the Army consists of three field-ready brigade groups: 1 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Edmonton and CFB Shilo; 2 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Petawawa and CFB Gagetown; and 5 Canadian Mechanized Brigade Group, at CFB Valcartier and Quebec City. Each contains one regiment each of artillery, armour, and combat engineers, three battalions of infantry (all scaled in the British fashion), one battalion for logistics, a squadron for headquarters/signals, and several smaller support organizations. A tactical helicopter squadron and a field ambulance are co-located with each brigade, but do not form part of the brigade's command structure.

Question: The regular force of the army consists of three groups of what part?
Answer: component

Question: The CFB is in the what army?
Answer: Canadian

Question: This army's culture is?
Answer: Canadian

Question: The three battalions were what to be in British fashion?
Answer: infantry

Question: This army can deploy in the?
Answer: field

Question: The Brigade Group happened where?
Answer: at CFB Valcartier and Quebec City

Question: A healthcare vehicle is absent from the?
Answer: command structure

Question: The army takes inspiration from the?
Answer: British

Question: What is a form of interaction?
Answer: signals
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Canadian Armed Forces have a total reserve force of approximately 50,000 primary and supplementary that can be called upon in times of national emergency or threat. For the components and sub-components of the Canadian Armed Forces Reserve Force, the order of precedence follows:

Question: The Canadian reserve force is split into which types of forces?
Answer: primary and supplementary

Question: There are 50,000 people in what portion of the Canadian Armed Forces?
Answer: reserve force

Question: What are the total ranks that the Canadian Armed Forces reserve force employs?
Answer: 50,000

Question: What would the extra members of the Army be for?
Answer: times of national emergency or threat

Question: What is the official title given to Canada's reserve force?
Answer: Canadian Armed Forces Reserve Force

Question: What is the name of the branch under which Canada's reserve force falls?
Answer: Canadian Armed Forces

Question: What classes of the Army are there?
Answer: components and sub-components

Question: What does the Army in Canada have that can benefit them in case of extreme need??
Answer: a total reserve force of approximately 50,000 primary and supplementary
Canadian_Armed_Forces

The Armed Forces are today funded by approximately $20.1 billion annually and are presently ranked 74th in size compared to the world's other armed forces by number of total personnel, and 58th in terms of active personnel, standing at a strength of roughly 68,000, plus 27,000 reservists, 5000 Rangers, and 19,000 supplementary reserves, bringing the total force to approximately 119,000. The number of primary reserve personnel is expected to go up to 30,000 by 2020, and the number of active to at least 70,000. In addition, 5000 rangers and 19,000 supplementary personnel will be serving. If this happens the total strength would be around 124,000. These individuals serve on numerous CF bases located in all regions of the country, and are governed by the Queen's Regulations and Orders and the National Defence Act.

Question: What military force is composed mostly of First Nations troops?
Answer: Rangers

Question: What group offers protection for the country?
Answer: Armed Forces

Question: What is needed to gain strength?
Answer: The number of primary reserve personnel is expected to go up

Question: Which are there more of in the Armed Forces, Rangers or reservists?
Answer: reservists

Question: Are the more reservists that are part of the Armed forces or more supplementary reservists?
Answer: reservists

Question: Who is brought in case of an emergency?
Answer: reservists

Question: Is the military force described considered quite large.
Answer: presently ranked 74th in size

Question: Will there be less reserve personnel or supplementary personnel serving in the Armed Forces in 2020?
Answer: supplementary

Question: Which are there expected to be more of serving in 2020, rangers or supplementary personnel?
Answer: supplementary personnel

Question: What place does the Armed Forces fall compared to everyone else as far as total people actively involved?
Answer: 58th