UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Dwight_D._Eisenhower

On May 1, 1960, a U.S. one-man U-2 spy plane was reportedly shot down at high altitude over Soviet Union airspace. The flight was made to gain photo intelligence before the scheduled opening of an East–West summit conference, which had been scheduled in Paris, 15 days later. Captain Francis Gary Powers had bailed out of his aircraft and was captured after parachuting down onto Russian soil. Four days after Powers disappeared, the Eisenhower Administration had NASA issue a very detailed press release noting that an aircraft had "gone missing" north of Turkey. It speculated that the pilot might have fallen unconscious while the autopilot was still engaged, and falsely claimed that "the pilot reported over the emergency frequency that he was experiencing oxygen difficulties."

Question: Where was the pilot of the one-man U-2 plane when the Soviets took his plane down?
Answer: Soviet Union airspace

Question: What kind of aircraft did the Russians take down?
Answer: U-2

Question: What did the pilot do when the soviets shot him down?
Answer: bailed out

Question: Where was the pilot captured?
Answer: Russian soil

Question: What did NASA falsely report?
Answer: an aircraft had "gone missing"

Question: Why did Captain Powers parachute out of his aircraft?
Answer: U-2 spy plane was reportedly shot down

Question: What was the general public led to believe?
Answer: the pilot might have fallen unconscious

Question: How was the plane captured?
Answer: shot down

Question: Who was President during the Eisenhower Administration?
Answer: Eisenhower

Question: How many people were in Powers aircraft?
Answer: one

Question: What is Captain Francis Gary Powers first name?
Answer: Francis

Question: Above where was Powers flying when he was shot down?
Answer: Soviet Union airspace
Dwight_D._Eisenhower

President Truman, symbolizing a broad-based desire for an Eisenhower candidacy for president, again in 1951 pressed him to run for the office as a Democrat. It was at this time that Eisenhower voiced his disagreements with the Democratic party and declared himself and his family to be Republicans. A "Draft Eisenhower" movement in the Republican Party persuaded him to declare his candidacy in the 1952 presidential election to counter the candidacy of non-interventionist Senator Robert A. Taft. The effort was a long struggle; Eisenhower had to be convinced that political circumstances had created a genuine duty for him to offer himself as a candidate, and that there was a mandate from the populace for him to be their President. Henry Cabot Lodge, who served as his campaign manager, and others succeeded in convincing him, and in June 1952 he resigned his command at NATO to campaign full-time. Eisenhower defeated Taft for the nomination, having won critical delegate votes from Texas. Eisenhower's campaign was noted for the simple but effective slogan, "I Like Ike". It was essential to his success that Eisenhower express opposition to Roosevelt's policy at Yalta and against Truman's policies in Korea and China—matters in which he had once participated. In defeating Taft for the nomination, it became necessary for Eisenhower to appease the right wing Old Guard of the Republican Party; his selection of Richard M. Nixon as the Vice-President on the ticket was designed in part for that purpose. Nixon also provided a strong anti-communist presence as well as some youth to counter Ike's more advanced age.

Question: Who convinced Eisenhower to run for president?
Answer: Henry Cabot Lodge

Question: who defeated Taft for the nomination?
Answer: Eisenhower

Question: who had a genuine duty to offer himself as a candidate?
Answer: Eisenhower

Question: who won critical delegate votes from Texas?
Answer: Eisenhower

Question: who resigned his command at NATO?
Answer: Eisenhower

Question: Who resigned his command at NATO?
Answer: Eisenhower

Question: Which of the following people is an elected politician: Robert A. Taft or Henry Cabot Lodge?
Answer: Robert A. Taft

Question: What aided Eisenhower in winning against Taft?
Answer: having won critical delegate votes from Texas

Question: Which of the following is not a politic party: Democratic, non-interventionist or Republican?
Answer: non-interventionist

Question: Which of the following was not a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination: Eisenhower, Nixon, or Taft?
Answer: Nixon

Question: who had to appease the right wing Old Guard of the Republican Party?
Answer: Eisenhower

Question: Who was pushed to run for president as a democrat?
Answer: Eisenhower
Dwight_D._Eisenhower

Whittaker was unsuited for the role and soon retired. Stewart and Harlan were conservative Republicans, while Brennan was a Democrat who became a leading voice for liberalism. In selecting a Chief Justice, Eisenhower looked for an experienced jurist who could appeal to liberals in the party as well as law-and-order conservatives, noting privately that Warren "represents the kind of political, economic, and social thinking that I believe we need on the Supreme Court ... He has a national name for integrity, uprightness, and courage that, again, I believe we need on the Court". In the next few years Warren led the Court in a series of liberal decisions that revolutionized the role of the Court.

Question: Who held views opposite of Stewart?
Answer: Brennan

Question: Who, between Brennan and Stewart, was NOT a Democrat?
Answer: Stewart

Question: Whittaker did not become something due to choosing to be?
Answer: retired

Question: Who was Chief Justice before Warren?
Answer: Whittaker

Question: Which way did Warren lean in his rulings?
Answer: liberal

Question: Who, it is assumed, was President of the United States at the time of the events which take place in the article?
Answer: Eisenhower

Question: What quality should the Chief Justice have?
Answer: experienced

Question: The Chief Justice works for the?
Answer: Supreme Court

Question: How far recognized was Warren?
Answer: national
Estonia

Estonia has had a market economy since the end of the 1990s and one of the highest per capita income levels in Eastern Europe. Proximity to the Scandinavian markets, its location between the East and West, competitive cost structure and a highly skilled labour force have been the major Estonian comparative advantages in the beginning of the 2000s (decade). As the largest city, Tallinn has emerged as a financial centre and the Tallinn Stock Exchange joined recently with the OMX system. The current government has pursued tight fiscal policies, resulting in balanced budgets and low public debt.

Question: Being in the same locale as the markets in this region of Europe has given the Eastern European country of Estonia an advantage with their financial success?
Answer: Scandinavian

Question: What place is where the economic activity is prevalent in Eastern Europe's country of Estonia?
Answer: Tallinn

Question: When did Tallinn become a large financial market?
Answer: beginning of the 2000s

Question: What is Estonia famous for?
Answer: financial centre

Question: What caused Tallinn to become so financially successful?
Answer: tight fiscal policies

Question: Where is Estonia located?
Answer: Eastern Europe

Question: At the turn of the second century what was it about Estonia workers that helped to give them an advantage over other place in Eastern Europe?
Answer: highly skilled

Question: Lying between Eastern Europe and Western Europe gives a leg up to what place?
Answer: Estonia

Question: What signifies the financial status of Estonia?
Answer: Tallinn Stock Exchange

Question: In the opposite side of Europe from Western Europe what place has really good salary for the people who live in this country that's not in Western Europe but is in the opposite part of Europe?
Answer: Estonia

Question: Where can you find Estonian stock?
Answer: Tallinn Stock Exchange

Question: When did the Estonian economy begin to prosper?
Answer: beginning of the 2000s (decade)

Question: What is the main market for trading stock called in Europe?
Answer: OMX system

Question: What contributed to Estonia having one of the highest per capital income levels in Eastern Europe?
Answer: location between the East and West, competitive cost structure and a highly skilled labour force

Question: What economic advantage gives Estonia a good trading power?
Answer: competitive cost structure
Estonia

The capital of Danish Estonia (Danish: Hertugdømmet Estland) was Reval (Tallinn), founded at the place of Lyndanisse after the invasion of 1219. The Danes built the fortress of Castrum Danorum at Toompea Hill. Estonians still call their capital "Tallinn", which according to legend derives from Taani linna (meaning Danish town or castle). Reval was granted Lübeck city rights (1248) and joined the Hanseatic League. Even today, Danish influence can be seen in heraldic symbols. The Danish cross is on the city of Tallinn's coat of arms, and Estonia's coat of arms displays three lions similar to those found on the Danish coat of arms.

Question: Where does the name derive?
Answer: legend derives from Taani linna (meaning Danish town or castle)

Question: What was the original name of the place?
Answer: Reval

Question: What links to the past?
Answer: Even today, Danish influence can be seen in heraldic symbols. The Danish cross is on the city of Tallinn's coat of arms, and Estonia's coat of arms displays three lions similar to those found on the Danish coat of arms

Question: What battle during the Livonian Crusade occured on June 15,1219?
Answer: Lyndanisse

Question: What was the original name of the capital?
Answer: Tallinn

Question: What nation held dominion over the area?
Answer: Danes

Question: How did the city flourish?
Answer: Reval was granted Lübeck city rights (1248)

Question: What harkens back to the past?
Answer: The Danish cross is on the city of Tallinn's coat of arms, and Estonia's coat of arms displays three lions similar to those found on the Danish coat of arms

Question: What was the original name of the area?
Answer: Lyndanisse

Question: A visual design observed on a shield, that often shows membership of a noble family is called?
Answer: coat of arms

Question: What word comes from the Old High German word for convey, Hansa?
Answer: Hanseatic

Question: Where does the name come from?
Answer: derives from Taani linna (meaning Danish town or castle)

Question: A city in Schleswig-Holstein of northern Germany, that hosted the G7 conference on April 15, 2015 is?
Answer: Lübeck

Question: Why was the location chose?
Answer: the place of Lyndanisse

Question: What is not a common way to name the capital of Estonia today?
Answer: Reval
Estonia

The Prime Minister has the right to appoint a maximum of three such ministers, as the limit of ministers in one government is fifteen. It is also known as the cabinet. The cabinet carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy, shaped by parliament; it directs and co-ordinates the work of government institutions and bears full responsibility for everything occurring within the authority of executive power. The government, headed by the Prime Minister, thus represents the political leadership of the country and makes decisions in the name of the whole executive power.

Question: Which branch oversees parliament's decisions?
Answer: The cabinet

Question: The cabinet is full of?
Answer: ministers

Question: Who has responsibility for government activities?
Answer: three such ministers

Question: Up to 15 ministers can form an organization which does what?
Answer: carries out the country's domestic and foreign policy

Question: The Prime Minister exercises?
Answer: executive power

Question: Who leads the executive power?
Answer: the Prime Minister

Question: How many members are in the cabinet?
Answer: fifteen

Question: There are how many who can carry out the country's domestic and foreign policy as shaped by parliament?
Answer: fifteen

Question: The cabinet is part of the?
Answer: government

Question: The cabinet and whom else make up the executive power?
Answer: parliament
Estonia

The Estonian Academy of Sciences is the national academy of science. The strongest public non-profit research institute that carries out fundamental and applied research is the National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics (NICPB; Estonian KBFI). The first computer centres were established in the late 1950s in Tartu and Tallinn. Estonian specialists contributed in the development of software engineering standards for ministries of the Soviet Union during the 1980s. As of 2011[update], Estonia spends around 2.38% of its GDP on Research and Development, compared to an EU average of around 2.0%.

Question: What is Russia referred to in the text
Answer: the Soviet Union

Question: How much does the country listed allocate for R and D.
Answer: 2.38%

Question: What is the research institution called in Estonian?
Answer: KBFI

Question: In the Estonian language, how is the research institute referred to?
Answer: KBFI

Question: What is the Estonian abbreviation for the research institute?
Answer: KBFI

Question: In the Estonian language, what is the name of the research institute?
Answer: KBFI

Question: What does the N in "NICPB" stand for?
Answer: National

Question: What does the I in "NICPB" stand for?
Answer: Institute

Question: What is the Estonian acronym for the research institute?
Answer: KBFI

Question: What does the "C" in "NICPB" stand for?
Answer: Chemical

Question: What does R and D stand for from the text.
Answer: Research and Development
Estonia

The Riigikogu elects and appoints several high officials of the state, including the President of the Republic. In addition to that, the Riigikogu appoints, on the proposal of the President of Estonia, the Chairman of the National Court, the chairman of the board of the Bank of Estonia, the Auditor General, the Legal Chancellor and the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces. A member of the Riigikogu has the right to demand explanations from the Government of the Republic and its members. This enables the members of the parliament to observe the activities of the executive power and the above-mentioned high officials of the state.

Question: What is the point of the right?
Answer: This enables the members of the parliament to observe the activities of the executive power and the above-mentioned high officials of the state

Question: what is the second official mentioned?
Answer: President of Estonia

Question: Who aides the Riigikogu is questioning government?
Answer: members of the parliament

Question: what is the third official mentioned?
Answer: Chairman of the National Court

Question: what is the first group mentioned?
Answer: The Riigikogu

Question: How is the government brought together?
Answer: The Riigikogu elects and appoints several high officials of the state

Question: What is investigated when the Riigikogu feel that they need to question the government?
Answer: the activities of the executive power and the above-mentioned high officials of the state

Question: How is the commander-in-chief chosen?
Answer: the Riigikogu appoints, on the proposal of the President of Estonia

Question: How did the Riigikogu attain their position to delegate?
Answer: on the proposal of the President of Estonia

Question: what is the second group mentioned?
Answer: high officials of the state

Question: Who is allowed to give input on the choice?
Answer: the President of Estonia

Question: How is the chairman of the Bank of Estonia chosen?
Answer: the Riigikogu appoints, on the proposal of the President of Estonia

Question: What is the highest position of government delegated by the Riigikogu?
Answer: the President of the Republic

Question: More than the most prestige leaders, who else  is the Riigikogu responsible for electing?
Answer: the Chairman of the National Court, the chairman of the board of the Bank of Estonia, the Auditor General, the Legal Chancellor and the Commander-in-Chief of the Defence Forces

Question: what is the last group mentioned?
Answer: high officials of the state
Estonia

The Government of Estonia (Estonian: Vabariigi Valitsus) or the executive branch is formed by the Prime Minister of Estonia, nominated by the president and approved by the parliament. The government exercises executive power pursuant to the Constitution of Estonia and the laws of the Republic of Estonia and consists of twelve ministers, including the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister also has the right to appoint other ministers and assign them a subject to deal with. These are ministers without portfolio — they don't have a ministry to control.

Question: The Prime Minister can choose topics for?
Answer: other ministers

Question: The President represents?
Answer: Estonia

Question: The executive is the?
Answer: Prime Minister

Question: What do the ministers without portfolio work with?
Answer: assign them a subject to deal with

Question: Who heads the executive branch?
Answer: president

Question: Ministers without portfolio can get one from the?
Answer: Prime Minister

Question: Who appoints those who appoint the ministers without a portfolio?
Answer: the president
Estonia

The tradition of Estonian Song Festivals (Laulupidu) started at the height of the Estonian national awakening in 1869. Today, it is one of the largest amateur choral events in the world. In 2004, about 100,000 people participated in the Song Festival. Since 1928, the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds (Lauluväljak) have hosted the event every five years in July. The last festival took place in July 2014. In addition, Youth Song Festivals are also held every four or five years, the last of them in 2011, and the next is scheduled for 2017.

Question: When was the most recent Laulupidu?
Answer: 2017

Question: When are Estonian Song Festivals held?
Answer: July

Question: When was the last Youth Song Festival held?
Answer: 2017

Question: What is a fun tradition of Estonia?
Answer: Laulupidu

Question: What class are the Estonian Song Festivals?
Answer: world

Question: The Grounds held the festival since and until when?
Answer: Since 1928, the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds (Lauluväljak) have hosted the event every five years in July. The last festival took place in July 2014

Question: Where is the song festival typically hosted?
Answer: Lauluväljak

Question: The song festivals tradition is specified how?
Answer: Estonian

Question: What is Laulupidu?
Answer: one of the largest amateur choral events in the world

Question: When was the most recent Youth Song Festival?
Answer: 2017

Question: Where is the Tallinn Song Festival Grounds?
Answer: Tallinn

Question: Which Song Festival should adult participants join?
Answer: Estonian Song Festivals

Question: The Festivals were considered to be what age?
Answer: Youth
Estonia

Perhaps the most famous raid by Oeselian pirates occurred in 1187, with the attack on the Swedish town of Sigtuna by Finnic raiders from Couronia and Oesel. Among the casualties of this raid was the Swedish archbishop Johannes. The city remained occupied for some time, contributing to its decline as a center of commerce in the 13th century and the rise of Uppsala, Visby, Kalmar and Stockholm. The Livonian Chronicle describes the Oeselians as using two kinds of ships, the piratica and the liburna. The former was a warship, the latter mainly a merchant ship. A piratica could carry approximately 30 men and had a high prow shaped like a dragon or a snakehead and a rectangular sail. Viking-age treasures from Estonia mostly contain silver coins and bars. Saaremaa has the richest finds of Viking treasures after Gotland in Sweden. This strongly suggests that Estonia was an important transit country during the Viking era.

Question: Pirates traveled in?
Answer: ships

Question: What did the piratica hold?
Answer: approximately 30 men

Question: Raiders can also be called?
Answer: pirates

Question: Who initiated the most famous raid?
Answer: Oeselian pirates

Question: What was a piratica?
Answer: a warship

Question: Which ship was used for war?
Answer: the piratica

Question: Who has the best viking treasures?
Answer: Gotland

Question: What animals were used for decoration?
Answer: dragon or a snakehead

Question: Where did they acquire treasures?
Answer: Estonia
Estonia

On 6 August 1940, Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union as the Estonian SSR. The provisions in the Estonian constitution requiring a popular referendum to decide on joining a supra-national body were ignored. Instead the vote to join the Soviet Union was taken by those elected in the elections held the previous month. Additionally those who had failed to do their "political duty" of voting Estonia into the USSR, specifically those who had failed to have their passports stamped for voting, were condemned to death by Soviet tribunals. The repressions followed with the mass deportations carried out by the Soviets in Estonia on 14 June 1941. Many of the country's political and intellectual leaders were killed or deported to remote areas of the USSR by the Soviet authorities in 1940–1941. Repressive actions were also taken against thousands of ordinary people.

Question: What happened during the 40th year of the 20th century?
Answer: Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union as the Estonian SSR

Question: What happened to those who didn't vote Estonia into the Union of Socialist Republics?
Answer: were condemned to death by Soviet tribunals

Question: what is the second to last group mentioned?
Answer: Soviet authorities

Question: what is the second to last nation mentioned?
Answer: Estonia

Question: what is the second to last group mentioned?
Answer: Soviet authorities

Question: what is the last ethnicity mentioned?
Answer: Soviet

Question: what is the last group mentioned?
Answer: thousands of ordinary people

Question: what is the first period in time mentioned?
Answer: 6 August 1940

Question: What happened during the first two years of the 1940s?
Answer: Many of the country's political and intellectual leaders were killed or deported to remote areas of the USSR by the Soviet authorities

Question: what is the second to last nation mentioned?
Answer: Estonia

Question: what is the second to last period in time mentioned?
Answer: 14 June 1941

Question: what is the last group mentioned?
Answer: thousands of ordinary people

Question: what is the first event mentioned?
Answer: Estonia was annexed by the Soviet Union