UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Private_school

Private schools are often Anglican, such as King's College and Diocesan School for Girls in Auckland, St Paul's Collegiate School in Hamilton, St Peter's School in Cambridge, Samuel Marsden Collegiate School in Wellington, and Christ's College and St Margaret's College in Christchurch; or Presbyterian, such as Saint Kentigern College and St Cuthbert's College in Auckland, Scots College and Queen Margaret College in Wellington, and St Andrew's College and Rangi Ruru Girls' School in Christchurch. Academic Colleges Group is a recent group of private schools run as a business, with schools throughout Auckland, including ACG Senior College in Auckland’s CBD, ACG Parnell College in Parnell, and international school ACG New Zealand International College. There are three private schools (including the secondary school, St Dominic's College) operated by the Catholic schismatic group, the Society of St Pius X in Wanganui.

Question: What type of private school is Rangi Ruru Girls' School considered?

Question: What private Anglican school in Christchurch was named for a female saint?

Question: What type of private school is St Andrew's College considered?

Question: What school is not for boys in Auckland?

Question: What school was named for royalty?

Question: What college is named for the Lord?

Question: What is St Peter's School in Cambridge considered?

Question: What college is named for a woman who is not a royal?
Private_school

Private schools in Australia may be favoured for many reasons: prestige and the social status of the 'old school tie'; better quality physical infrastructure and more facilities (e.g. playing fields, swimming pools, etc.), higher-paid teachers; and/or the belief that private schools offer a higher quality of education. Some schools offer the removal of the purported distractions of co-education; the presence of boarding facilities; or stricter discipline based on their power of expulsion, a tool not readily available to government schools. Student uniforms for Australian private schools are generally stricter and more formal than in government schools - for example, a compulsory blazer. Private schools in Australia are always more expensive than their public counterparts.[citation needed]

Question: Which claim has been flagged as needing more evidence to back it up?

Question: Which of the following is not an advantage of private schools: social status, better physical infrastructure, or being more expensive?

Question: What item of clothing is considered formal and prestigious?

Question: Private schools are considered to be more expensive than what type of school?
Private_school

As of April 2014, there are 88 private schools in New Zealand, catering for around 28,000 students or 3.7% of the entire student population. Private school numbers have been in decline since the mid-1970s as a result of many private schools opting to become state-integrated schools, mostly due of financial difficulties stemming from changes in student numbers and/or the economy. State-integrated schools keep their private school special character and receives state funds in return for having to operate like a state school, e.g. they must teach the state curriculum, they must employ registered teachers, and they can't charge tuition fees (they can charge "attendance dues" for the upkeep on the still-private school land and buildings). The largest decline in private school numbers occurred between 1979 and 1984, when the nation's then-private Catholic school system integrated. As a result, private schools in New Zealand are now largely restricted to the largest cities (Auckland, Hamilton, Wellington and Christchurch) and niche markets.

Question: What must be free?

Question: What drives schools to become integrated?

Question: For what societal reasons did Catholic schools have to convert and receive state funds in return for having to operate like a state school?

Question: What's the real reason schools charge attendance dues?

Question: How can state-integrated schools make money besides the budget they get allocated for operating like a state school?

Question: Private school numbers have declined, especially between 1979 and 1984, so as a result what did most private schools in New Zealand have to do?
Private_school

The Education Service Contracting scheme of the government provides financial assistance for tuition and other school fees of students turned away from public high schools because of enrollment overflows. The Tuition Fee Supplement is geared to students enrolled in priority courses in post-secondary and non-degree programmes, including vocational and technical courses. The Private Education Student Financial Assistance is made available to underprivileged, but deserving high school graduates, who wish to pursue college/technical education in private colleges and universities.

Question: How does the government help students in need who are registered in technical schools?

Question: What is necessary in order for  a high school student to be eligible for the Education Service Contracting scheme?

Question: Along with being underprivileged and deserving, what other requirement is there for students to receive aid from the Private Education Student Financial Assistance system?

Question: Which students does the Education Service Contracting scheme target?

Question: Who provides financial assistance to underprivileged but deserving high school graduates?

Question: In what ways does the government support underprivileged, but deserving high school graduates?

Question: What kind of organization helps the students?

Question: How does the government assist students enrolled in private college?

Question: What do students have to pay in order to study?

Question: Who provides these tuition assistance programs?

Question: What type of people get financial assistance for school?
Private_school

In many parts of the United States, after the 1954 decision in the landmark court case Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka that demanded United States schools desegregate "with all deliberate speed", local families organized a wave of private "Christian academies". In much of the U.S. South, many white students migrated to the academies, while public schools became in turn more heavily concentrated with African-American students (see List of private schools in Mississippi). The academic content of the academies was usually College Preparatory. Since the 1970s, many of these "segregation academies" have shut down, although some continue to operate.[citation needed]

Question: Who was the plaintiff in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka?

Question: Which of the parties was NOT the defendant in Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka?

Question: Which of the parties was NOT the plaintiff in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka?

Question: Who was fighting for desegregation in the US courts?

Question: What event helped to end segregation?

Question: What were Christian academies made in protest to?

Question: When did a unique event occur which sparked the lessening of segregation?

Question: Which schools prepared students for future education?
Private_school

In Ireland, private schools (Irish: scoil phríobháideach) are unusual because a certain number of teacher's salaries are paid by the State. If the school wishes to employ extra teachers they are paid for with school fees, which tend to be relatively low in Ireland compared to the rest of the world. There is, however, a limited element of state assessment of private schools, because of the requirement that the state ensure that children receive a certain minimum education; Irish private schools must still work towards the Junior Certificate and the Leaving Certificate, for example. Many private schools in Ireland also double as boarding schools. The average fee is around €5,000 annually for most schools, but some of these schools also provide boarding and the fees may then rise up to €25,000 per year. The fee-paying schools are usually run by a religious order, i.e., the Society of Jesus or Congregation of Christian Brothers, etc.

Question: The number of teachers paid by the state are low compared to where?

Question: Who made up the members of the Congregation?

Question: Which of the following is not a religious organization: Society of Jesus, Ireland, or Congregation of Christian Brothers?

Question: What did the state promise to provide?

Question: Which of the following is not a type of certificate offered by the Irish education system: junior, Christian, or leaving?

Question: What category is the Society of Jesus?

Question: Which of the following is a type of school: average, private, or leaving?
Private_school

Legally, only non-profit trusts and societies can run schools in India. They will have to satisfy a number of infrastructure and human resource related criteria to get Recognition (a form of license) from the government. Critics of this system point out that this leads to corruption by school inspectors who check compliance and to fewer schools in a country that has the largest adult illiterate population in the world. While official data does not capture the real extent of private schooling in the country, various studies have reported unpopularity of government schools and an increasing number of private schools. The Annual Status of Education Report (ASER), which evaluates learning levels in rural India, has been reporting poorer academic achievement in government schools than in private schools. A key difference between the government and private schools is that the medium of education in private schools is English while it is the local language in government schools.

Question: Goverment schools in India would primarily teach its students which type of language?

Question: Why don't critics of the system like that there are fewer government schools?

Question: The occurence of something every year,  is also referred to as which adjective?

Question: How is English taught in both private and government schools?

Question: Which type of schools in India have reported poor academic performance for its students?

Question: Which type of schools in India are met with increasing admiration and support?

Question: How is English treated in both types of schools?

Question: People living in a given country that cannot read or write in a language are referred to as?

Question: Why does the English language makes private and government schools different?
Private_school

Ergänzungsschulen are secondary or post-secondary (non-tertiary) schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or rarely, religious groups and offer a type of education which is not available at public schools. Most of these schools are vocational schools. However, these vocational schools are not part of the German dual education system. Ergänzungsschulen have the freedom to operate outside of government regulation and are funded in whole by charging their students tuition fees.

Question: Why do ergänzungsschulen operate?

Question: What potential advantage do ergänzungsschulen have over public schools?

Question: Ergänzungsschulen are independent of what body?
Private_school

Some of the oldest schools in South Africa are private church schools that were established by missionaries in the early nineteenth century. The private sector has grown ever since. After the abolition of apartheid, the laws governing private education in South Africa changed significantly. The South African Schools Act of 1996 recognises two categories of schools: "public" (state-controlled) and "independent" (which includes traditional private schools and schools which are privately governed[clarification needed].)

Question: what types of places are first mentioned?

Question: what group is mentioned first?

Question: what policy is mentioned first?

Question: what types of places are mentioned last?

Question: what group is mentioned second?
Imperialism

One key figure in the plans for what would come to be known as American Empire, was a geographer named Isiah Bowman. Bowman was the director of the American Geographical Society in 1914. Three years later in 1917, he was appointed to then President Woodrow Wilson's inquiry in 1917. The inquiry was the idea of President Wilson and the American delegation from the Paris Peace Conference. The point of this inquiry was to build a premise that would allow for U.S authorship of a 'new world' which was to be characterized by geographical order. As a result of his role in the inquiry, Isiah Bowman would come to be known as Wilson's geographer.

Question: What was created?

Question: Where was the Paris Peace Conference?

Question: What was Isaiah Bowman's first name?

Question: Who was the political figure who named the director of the American Geographical Society to a group of people studying U.S. authorship of a new world?

Question: Under whom did Bowman work as a geographer?

Question: Isiah Bowman is known as being which occupation to a major politician?

Question: How long did Bowman work for American Geographical Society?

Question: Who was not in attendance at the Paris Peace Conference?

Question: What was Isaiah Bowman's last name?

Question: What was Woodrow Wilson's surname?

Question: Who was renamed?

Question: What professional organization had a leader named Isiah?

Question: Who was a key figure in the inquiry besides Bowman?

Question: What was Bowman's unofficial title with the White House?

Question: Bowman knew?

Question: What was the surname of the head of the country?

Question: Who came up for the idea of the inquiry?

Question: How did Bowmanearn a spot in Wilson's inquiry?

Question: What title did Bowman hold after 1917?

Question: What was Woodrow Wilson's first name?

Question: What was Isiah Bowman's title?
Imperialism

A controversial aspect of imperialism is the defense and justification of empire-building based on seemingly rational grounds. J. A. Hobson identifies this justification on general grounds as: "It is desirable that the earth should be peopled, governed, and developed, as far as possible, by the races which can do this work best, i.e. by the races of highest 'social efficiency'". Many others argued that imperialism is justified for several different reasons. Friedrich Ratzel believed that in order for a state to survive, imperialism was needed. Halford Mackinder felt that Great Britain needed to be one of the greatest imperialists and therefore justified imperialism. The purportedly scientific nature of "Social Darwinism" and a theory of races formed a supposedly rational justification for imperialism. The rhetoric of colonizers being racially superior appears to have achieved its purpose, for example throughout Latin America "whiteness" is still prized today and various forms of blanqueamiento (whitening) are common.

Question: Why might some believe imperialism was necessary?

Question: What main characteristic might a purportedly superior race have?

Question: How might Hobson's justification of imperialism be summarized?

Question: What underlies the racial superiority behind imperialism?

Question: How might a justification of imperialism be considered controversial?
Imperialism

Not a maritime power, and not a nation-state, as it would eventually become, Germany’s participation in Western imperialism was negligible until the late 19th century. The participation of Austria was primarily as a result of Habsburg control of the First Empire, the Spanish throne, and other royal houses.[further explanation needed] After the defeat of Napoleon, who caused the dissolution of that Holy Roman Empire, Prussia and the German states continued to stand aloof from imperialism, preferring to manipulate the European system through the Concert of Europe. After Prussia unified the other states into the second German Empire after the Franco-German War, its long-time Chancellor, Otto von Bismarck (1862–90), long opposed colonial acquisitions, arguing that the burden of obtaining, maintaining, and defending such possessions would outweigh any potential benefits. He felt that colonies did not pay for themselves, that the German bureaucratic system would not work well in the tropics and the diplomatic disputes over colonies would distract Germany from its central interest, Europe itself.

Question: Which state fell sooner, the Holy Roman Empire or Prussia?

Question: What limited Germany's participation in imperialism during the 18th century?

Question: What did Prussia have to obtain in order to become the second German Empire?

Question: Who was against imperialism?

Question: Imperialism happens outside what kind of places?

Question: Which of the following leaders was not German: Napoleon or von Bismarck?

Question: What was credited with destroying the Holy Roman Empire?

Question: What country took advantage of the European system?
Imperialism

Imperialism is a type of advocacy of empire. Its name originated from the Latin word "imperium", which means to rule over large territories. Imperialism is "a policy of extending a country's power and influence through colonization, use of military force, or other means". Imperialism has greatly shaped the contemporary world. It has also allowed for the rapid spread of technologies and ideas. The term imperialism has been applied to Western (and Japanese) political and economic dominance especially in Asia and Africa in the 19th and 20th centuries. Its precise meaning continues to be debated by scholars. Some writers, such as Edward Said, use the term more broadly to describe any system of domination and subordination organised with an imperial center and a periphery.

Question: Who applies the term imperialism?

Question: What do Imperial leaders do to get what they want?

Question: What would an emperor do to get their point across to other territories?

Question: What does imperialism allow a country to do?

Question: The first sentence in the passage describes imperialism as what?

Question: What is Edward Said?

Question: What is colonization an example of?

Question: What is imperialism, as described in the last sentence of the passage?

Question: What does Imperialism support?

Question: Where did the word imperialism come from?

Question: What sort of position has the West been in globally during the 1800s and 1900s?

Question: Which methods would you use to control a land, if you were going by the method of imperialism?
Imperialism

Trotsky, and others, believed that the revolution could only succeed in Russia as part of a world revolution. Lenin wrote extensively on the matter and famously declared that Imperialism was the highest stage of capitalism. However, after Lenin's death, Joseph Stalin established 'socialism in one country' for the Soviet Union, creating the model for subsequent inward looking Stalinist states and purging the early Internationalist elements. The internationalist tendencies of the early revolution would be abandoned until they returned in the framework of a client state in competition with the Americans during the Cold War. With the beginning of the new era, the after Stalin period called the "thaw", in the late 1950s, the new political leader Nikita Khrushchev put even more pressure on the Soviet-American relations starting a new wave of anti-imperialist propaganda. In his speech on the UN conference in 1960, he announced the continuation of the war on imperialism, stating that soon the people of different countries will come together and overthrow their imperialist leaders. Although the Soviet Union declared itself anti-imperialist, critics argue that it exhibited tendencies common to historic empires. Some scholars hold that the Soviet Union was a hybrid entity containing elements common to both multinational empires and nation states. It has also been argued that the USSR practiced colonialism as did other imperial powers and was carrying on the old Russian tradition of expansion and control. Mao Zedong once argued that the Soviet Union had itself become an imperialist power while maintaining a socialist façade. Moreover, the ideas of imperialism were widely spread in action on the higher levels of government. Non Russian Marxists within the Russian Federation and later the USSR, like Sultan Galiev and Vasyl Shakhrai, considered the Soviet Regime a renewed version of the Russian imperialism and colonialism.

Question: When did the thaw happen?

Question: The leader of the Soviet Union during World War 2 was?

Question: The founding father of the People's Republic of China was?
Imperialism

During the First Sino-Japanese War in 1894, Japan absorbed Taiwan. As a result of the Russo-Japanese War in 1905, Japan took part of Sakhalin Island from Russia. Korea was annexed in 1910. During World War I, Japan took German-leased territories in China’s Shandong Province, as well as the Mariana, Caroline, and Marshall Islands. In 1918, Japan occupied parts of far eastern Russia and parts of eastern Siberia as a participant in the Siberian Intervention. In 1931 Japan conquered Manchuria from China. During the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, Japan's military invaded central China and by the end of the Pacific War, Japan had conquered much of the Far East, including Hong Kong, Vietnam, Cambodia, Myanmar, the Philippines, Indonesia, part of New Guinea and some islands of the Pacific Ocean. Japan also invaded Thailand, pressuring the country into a Thai/Japanese alliance. Its colonial ambitions were ended by the victory of the United States in the Second World War and the following treaties which remanded those territories to American administration or their original owners.

Question: Which war happened second, the First Sino-Japanese War or the Russo-Japanese War?

Question: Who did Japan find first, China or Russia?

Question: What happened earlier, Japan absorbed Taiwan or Korea was annexed?

Question: Which of the following was never part of Russia: Sakhalin Island, Siberia, or Shandong Province?

Question: Which war occurred earlier, the Russo-Japanese War or the second Sino-Japanese War?

Question: Which happened earlier, the Russo-Japanese War or the annexation of Korea?

Question: Which of these countries did Japan not invade: Thailand, the United States, or Russia?

Question: Which happened earlier, the First Sino-Japanese War or the annexation of Korea?
Imperialism

Geographical theories such as environmental determinism also suggested that tropical environments created uncivilized people in need of European guidance. For instance, American geographer Ellen Churchill Semple argued that even though human beings originated in the tropics they were only able to become fully human in the temperate zone. Tropicality can be paralleled with Edward Said’s Orientalism as the west’s construction of the east as the “other”. According to Siad, orientalism allowed Europe to establish itself as the superior and the norm, which justified its dominance over the essentialized Orient.

Question: What influence could the population benefit from?

Question: Temperate is a type of?

Question: Tropical is a type of?

Question: What was the link between Semple and Said?

Question: Where did people develop according to Semple?