UCLNLP/adversarial_qa huggingface dataset:
Harvard_University

Older than The Game by 23 years, the Harvard-Yale Regatta was the original source of the athletic rivalry between the two schools. It is held annually in June on the Thames River in eastern Connecticut. The Harvard crew is typically considered to be one of the top teams in the country in rowing. Today, Harvard fields top teams in several other sports, such as the Harvard Crimson men's ice hockey team (with a strong rivalry against Cornell), squash, and even recently won NCAA titles in Men's and Women's Fencing. Harvard also won the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championships in 2003.

Question: What level of competition was Harvard considered top in?

Question: What is Yale?

Question: What other Ivy League does Harvard have a notable athletic rivalry with?

Question: What is an indication that Harvard is competitive at more than just rowing?

Question: What school does Harvard compete against every June on the Thames River?

Question: What is Harvard?

Question: What is the name of Yale's opponent?

Question: What organization did Harvard win titles under?

Question: Does the Yale-Harvard rowing rivalry continue today?

Question: What school rivals Harvard in The Game?

Question: What is the name of Harvard's opponent in rowing?

Question: Along with the Intercollegiate Sailing Association National Championship secured by Harvard in 2003, what else indicates their success in sports aside from rowing?
Harvard_University

Harvard's athletic rivalry with Yale is intense in every sport in which they meet, coming to a climax each fall in the annual football meeting, which dates back to 1875 and is usually called simply "The Game". While Harvard's football team is no longer one of the country's best as it often was a century ago during football's early days (it won the Rose Bowl in 1920), both it and Yale have influenced the way the game is played. In 1903, Harvard Stadium introduced a new era into football with the first-ever permanent reinforced concrete stadium of its kind in the country. The stadium's structure actually played a role in the evolution of the college game. Seeking to reduce the alarming number of deaths and serious injuries in the sport, Walter Camp (former captain of the Yale football team), suggested widening the field to open up the game. But the stadium was too narrow to accommodate a wider playing surface. So, other steps had to be taken. Camp would instead support revolutionary new rules for the 1906 season. These included legalizing the forward pass, perhaps the most significant rule change in the sport's history.

Question: What is not Camp's alma mater?

Question: What happened closer to the start of the 20th century, legalizing the forward pass or Harvard winning the Rose Bowl?

Question: Which came first, legalizing the forward pass or Harvard winning the Rose Bowl?

Question: Narrow fields were one reason for what?

Question: Walter Camp did not attend which school?

Question: Which came later, legalizing the forward pass or Harvard Stadium becoming the first-ever permanent reinforced concrete stadium?
Harvard_University

Harvard has the largest university endowment in the world. As of September 2011[update], it had nearly regained the loss suffered during the 2008 recession. It was worth $32 billion in 2011, up from $28 billion in September 2010 and $26 billion in 2009. It suffered about 30% loss in 2008-09. In December 2008, Harvard announced that its endowment had lost 22% (approximately $8 billion) from July to October 2008, necessitating budget cuts. Later reports suggest the loss was actually more than double that figure, a reduction of nearly 50% of its endowment in the first four months alone. Forbes in March 2009 estimated the loss to be in the range of $12 billion. One of the most visible results of Harvard's attempt to re-balance its budget was their halting of construction of the $1.2 billion Allston Science Complex that had been scheduled to be completed by 2011, resulting in protests from local residents. As of 2012[update], Harvard University had a total financial aid reserve of $159 million for students, and a Pell Grant reserve of $4.093 million available for disbursement.

Question: what is the last amount mentioned?

Question: In which year from 2009 to 2011 did Harvard have the most worth?

Question: what is the last group of people mentioned?

Question: what is the third period in time mentioned?

Question: what is the first place mentioned?

Question: what is the second period in time mentioned?

Question: In what year did Harvard's worth start to decrease?
Harvard_University

Harvard's faculty includes scholars such as biologist E. O. Wilson, cognitive scientist Steven Pinker, physicists Lisa Randall and Roy Glauber, chemists Elias Corey, Dudley R. Herschbach and George M. Whitesides, computer scientists Michael O. Rabin and Leslie Valiant, Shakespeare scholar Stephen Greenblatt, writer Louis Menand, critic Helen Vendler, historians Henry Louis Gates, Jr. and Niall Ferguson, economists Amartya Sen, N. Gregory Mankiw, Robert Barro, Stephen A. Marglin, Don M. Wilson III and Martin Feldstein, political philosophers Harvey Mansfield, Baroness Shirley Williams and Michael Sandel, Fields Medalist mathematician Shing-Tung Yau, political scientists Robert Putnam, Joseph Nye, and Stanley Hoffmann, scholar/composers Robert Levin and Bernard Rands, astrophysicist Alyssa A. Goodman, and legal scholars Alan Dershowitz and Lawrence Lessig.

Question: Although Rabin and Greenblatt have different expertises, they are both?

Question: Who probably types fast?

Question: Lisa Randall and E. O. Wilson are both?

Question: Who probably consumes a lot of entertainment?
Harvard_University

The four-year, full-time undergraduate program comprises a minority of enrollments at the university and emphasizes instruction with an "arts and sciences focus". Between 1978 and 2008, entering students were required to complete a core curriculum of seven classes outside of their concentration. Since 2008, undergraduate students have been required to complete courses in eight General Education categories: Aesthetic and Interpretive Understanding, Culture and Belief, Empirical and Mathematical Reasoning, Ethical Reasoning, Science of Living Systems, Science of the Physical Universe, Societies of the World, and United States in the World. Harvard offers a comprehensive doctoral graduate program and there is a high level of coexistence between graduate and undergraduate degrees. The Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching, The New York Times, and some students have criticized Harvard for its reliance on teaching fellows for some aspects of undergraduate education; they consider this to adversely affect the quality of education.

Question: Which of the following is a school: Harvard, The Carnegie Foundation, or the New York Times?

Question: Which of the following is a media outlet: Harvard, The Carnegie Foundation, or the New York Times?

Question: Which of the following is not a type of science: Physical Universe, Ethical Reasoning or Living Systems?

Question: Which of the following is not part of the core curriculum: Culture and Belief, Advancement of Teaching or Science of Living Systems?

Question: Which of the following is not a type of reasoning: empirical and mathematical, physical, or ethical?
1973_oil_crisis

On August 15, 1971, the United States unilaterally pulled out of the Bretton Woods Accord. The US abandoned the Gold Exchange Standard whereby the value of the dollar had been pegged to the price of gold and all other currencies were pegged to the dollar, whose value was left to "float" (rise and fall according to market demand). Shortly thereafter, Britain followed, floating the pound sterling. The other industrialized nations followed suit with their respective currencies. Anticipating that currency values would fluctuate unpredictably for a time, the industrialized nations increased their reserves (by expanding their money supplies) in amounts far greater than before. The result was a depreciation of the dollar and other industrialized nations' currencies. Because oil was priced in dollars, oil producers' real income decreased. In September 1971, OPEC issued a joint communiqué stating that, from then on, they would price oil in terms of a fixed amount of gold.

Question: How did oil producing nations repond to the international abandonment of the Gold Exchange Standard?

Question: What occured to the value of the US dollar in the wake of abandoning the Gold Exchange Stadard?

Question: Who changed their Monetary policy before Britain

Question: Who lead as example?

Question: What is the opposite of a currency being pegged?

Question: What happen to the producers of crude oil when our monetary policy changed.
1973_oil_crisis

On October 6, 1973, Syria and Egypt, with support from other Arab nations, launched a surprise attack on Israel, on Yom Kippur. This renewal of hostilities in the Arab–Israeli conflict released the underlying economic pressure on oil prices. At the time, Iran was the world's second-largest oil exporter and a close US ally. Weeks later, the Shah of Iran said in an interview: "Of course [the price of oil] is going to rise... Certainly! And how!... You've [Western nations] increased the price of the wheat you sell us by 300 percent, and the same for sugar and cement... You buy our crude oil and sell it back to us, refined as petrochemicals, at a hundred times the price you've paid us... It's only fair that, from now on, you should pay more for oil. Let's say ten times more."

Question: What is the stated markup for products that were sold back to Iran?

Question: What was increasing prior to the attack?

Question: Which nation was the victim of an attack, Israel or Syria?

Question: Which nation was the one that launched an attack, Israel or Egypt?

Question: What does the US do with the oil?

Question: Which nation was the one that launched an attack, Syria or Israel?

Question: Who launched an attack besides Egypt?
1973_oil_crisis

Although lacking historical connections to the Middle East, Japan was the country most dependent on Arab oil. 71% of its imported oil came from the Middle East in 1970. On November 7, 1973, the Saudi and Kuwaiti governments declared Japan a "nonfriendly" country to encourage it to change its noninvolvement policy. It received a 5% production cut in December, causing a panic. On November 22, Japan issued a statement "asserting that Israel should withdraw from all of the 1967 territories, advocating Palestinian self-determination, and threatening to reconsider its policy toward Israel if Israel refused to accept these preconditions". By December 25, Japan was considered an Arab-friendly state.

Question: What happened last chronologically: Japan issued a statement, or Japan was considered an Arab-friendly state?

Question: In the article, where did the oil come from?

Question: What happened first chronologically: Japan issued a statement or Japan being a state friendly to Arabs?
1973_oil_crisis

The 1973 oil crisis began in October 1973 when the members of the Organization of Arab Petroleum Exporting Countries (OAPEC, consisting of the Arab members of OPEC plus Egypt and Syria) proclaimed an oil embargo. By the end of the embargo in March 1974, the price of oil had risen from US$3 per barrel to nearly $12 globally; US prices were significantly higher. The embargo caused an oil crisis, or "shock", with many short- and long-term effects on global politics and the global economy. It was later called the "first oil shock", followed by the 1979 oil crisis, termed the "second oil shock."

Question: Which oil shock happened farther from 1970, the first or second?

Question: Which oil shock happened farther from 1980, the first or second?

Question: Which happened earlier, the first oil shock or the second oil shock?

Question: Which happened earlier, the end of the embargo or the second oil shock?

Question: Which happened later, the beginning of the first oil crisis or the end of the embargo?
1973_oil_crisis

Some buyers lamented the small size of the first Japanese compacts, and both Toyota and Nissan (then known as Datsun) introduced larger cars such as the Toyota Corona Mark II, the Toyota Cressida, the Mazda 616 and Datsun 810, which added passenger space and amenities such as air conditioning, power steering, AM-FM radios, and even power windows and central locking without increasing the price of the vehicle. A decade after the 1973 oil crisis, Honda, Toyota and Nissan, affected by the 1981 voluntary export restraints, opened US assembly plants and established their luxury divisions (Acura, Lexus and Infiniti, respectively) to distinguish themselves from their mass-market brands.

Question: Nissan's high-end brand is called what?

Question: When Toyota and Nissan introduced larger cars to the market, what remained the same in spite of the additional amenities?

Question: Infinit is the luxury division of which Japanese auto maker?

Question: When did Honda, Nissan and Toyota open factories in the US?

Question: What did the three major Japanese car makers do in order to set their automobile apart from their normal brands?

Question: What is the name of the luxury division of Honda?

Question: Who makes Lexus cars?
1973_oil_crisis

The crisis had a major impact on international relations and created a rift within NATO. Some European nations and Japan sought to disassociate themselves from United States foreign policy in the Middle East to avoid being targeted by the boycott. Arab oil producers linked any future policy changes to peace between the belligerents. To address this, the Nixon Administration began multilateral negotiations with the combatants. They arranged for Israel to pull back from the Sinai Peninsula and the Golan Heights. By January 18, 1974, US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger had negotiated an Israeli troop withdrawal from parts of the Sinai Peninsula. The promise of a negotiated settlement between Israel and Syria was enough to convince Arab oil producers to lift the embargo in March 1974.

Question: what area is mentioned second to last?

Question: what area is mentioned last?

Question: What nations did Kissinger negotiate with?

Question: what country is mentioned first?

Question: what country is mentioned second?

Question: Who gave Kissinger orders?

Question: Who was Kissinger's boss?

Question: what ethnicity is mentioned first?

Question: Who was in charge of the US during 1974?
1973_oil_crisis

The crisis reduced the demand for large cars. Japanese imports, primarily the Toyota Corona, the Toyota Corolla, the Datsun B210, the Datsun 510, the Honda Civic, the Mitsubishi Galant (a captive import from Chrysler sold as the Dodge Colt), the Subaru DL, and later the Honda Accord all had four cylinder engines that were more fuel efficient than the typical American V8 and six cylinder engines. Japanese imports became mass-market leaders with unibody construction and front-wheel drive, which became de facto standards.

Question: How many cylinders were typical of Japanese cars?

Question: Which of the following is not made by Toyota: Corona, 510, or Corolla?

Question: How come Japanese automobiles gained an advantage?

Question: Which Japanese car brand is mentioned last in the passage?

Question: Which traits have American vehicles inherited from Japanese vehicles?

Question: Which of the following is not made by Honda: Accord, Civic, or Corona?

Question: Which of the following is made by Mitsubishi: Galant, Corona or 510?
1973_oil_crisis

OPEC soon lost its preeminent position, and in 1981, its production was surpassed by that of other countries. Additionally, its own member nations were divided. Saudi Arabia, trying to recover market share, increased production, pushing prices down, shrinking or eliminating profits for high-cost producers. The world price, which had peaked during the 1979 energy crisis at nearly $40 per barrel, decreased during the 1980s to less than $10 per barrel. Adjusted for inflation, oil briefly fell back to pre-1973 levels. This "sale" price was a windfall for oil-importing nations, both developing and developed.

Question: Why did the oil price peak in 1979?

Question: What was adjusted for inflation?

Question: What decreased in the 80s?

Question: What was shrinking?

Question: What showed OPEC's decline?
1973_oil_crisis

The energy crisis led to greater interest in renewable energy, nuclear power and domestic fossil fuels. There is criticism that American energy policies since the crisis have been dominated by crisis-mentality thinking, promoting expensive quick fixes and single-shot solutions that ignore market and technology realities. Instead of providing stable rules that support basic research while leaving plenty of scope for entrepreneurship and innovation, congresses and presidents have repeatedly backed policies which promise solutions that are politically expedient, but whose prospects are doubtful.

Question: Market and technology realities are being ignored by whose solutions?

Question: Instead of quick fixes and single-shot solutions, what should be focused upon?

Question: What is the issue with quick fixes in energy policies?

Question: What describes the USA's approach to the energy crisis?

Question: What have leaders promoted to tackle the energy crisis?

Question: By failing to provide stable rules, what has been worsened by congresses and presidents?

Question: Which energy sources are we now considering?

Question: What energy is not considered renewable?

Question: Who in government, aside from single-person leaders, has approved of energy policies?
1973_oil_crisis

The embargo was not uniform across Europe. Of the nine members of the European Economic Community (EEC), the Netherlands faced a complete embargo, the UK and France received almost uninterrupted supplies (having refused to allow America to use their airfields and embargoed arms and supplies to both the Arabs and the Israelis), while the other six faced partial cutbacks. The UK had traditionally been an ally of Israel, and Harold Wilson's government supported the Israelis during the Six-Day War. His successor, Ted Heath, reversed this policy in 1970, calling for Israel to withdraw to its pre-1967 borders.

Question: How many days was the battle?

Question: What was the concern in the first sentence about?

Question: Who had the most to lose from the embargo?

Question: How many EEC countries were affected by the embargo?
1973_oil_crisis

Price controls exacerbated the crisis in the US. The system limited the price of "old oil" (that which had already been discovered) while allowing newly discovered oil to be sold at a higher price to encourage investment. Predictably, old oil was withdrawn from the market, creating greater scarcity. The rule also discouraged development of alternative energies. The rule had been intended to promote oil exploration. Scarcity was addressed by rationing (as in many countries). Motorists faced long lines at gas stations beginning in summer 1972 and increasing by summer 1973.

Question: What rule ultimately caused an increase in scarcity?

Question: In what way was the crisis fought?

Question: What effect did price controls have on consumers of oil?
1973_oil_crisis

Some of the income was dispensed in the form of aid to other underdeveloped nations whose economies had been caught between higher oil prices and lower prices for their own export commodities, amid shrinking Western demand. Much went for arms purchases that exacerbated political tensions, particularly in the Middle East. Saudi Arabia spent over 100 billion dollars in the ensuing decades for helping spread its fundamentalist interpretation of Islam, known as Wahhabism, throughout the world, via religious charities such al-Haramain Foundation, which often also distributed funds to violent Sunni extremist groups such as Al-Qaeda and the Taliban.

Question: What became more expensive and helped to cause the rise of Al-Qaeda?

Question: How was word spread?

Question: What sect of Islam influenced the organization that provided money to Al Qaeda?

Question: What became cheaper and helped to cause the rise of Al-Qaeda?
Private_school

Ersatzschulen are ordinary primary or secondary schools, which are run by private individuals, private organizations or religious groups. These schools offer the same types of diplomas as public schools. Ersatzschulen lack the freedom to operate completely outside of government regulation. Teachers at Ersatzschulen must have at least the same education and at least the same wages as teachers at public schools, an Ersatzschule must have at least the same academic standards as a public school and Article 7, Paragraph 4 of the Grundgesetz, also forbids segregation of pupils according to the means of their parents (the so-called Sonderungsverbot). Therefore, most Ersatzschulen have very low tuition fees and/or offer scholarships, compared to most other Western European countries. However, it is not possible to finance these schools with such low tuition fees, which is why all German Ersatzschulen are additionally financed with public funds. The percentages of public money could reach 100% of the personnel expenditures. Nevertheless, Private Schools became insolvent in the past in Germany.

Question: Using a German word, how are students not allowed to be split up by?

Question: Because private schools in Germany must admit lower-income students, they often offer what to these students so that they can afford to attend?

Question: What, in relation to regulations involving those who are paid to share their knowledge, makes private schools similar those controlled by the leaders of the German state?

Question: How are public schools regulated?

Question: How much are those paid to share their knowledge at educational institutions run by private or religious groups compensated for their services?

Question: How expensive is it to go to an Ersatzschule?

Question: What does Ersatzschulen need to function?

Question: Public funding is used to pay for the majority of what at most private schools in Germany?

Question: What prevents private schools in Germany from taking in only kids from wealthy families?

Question: What is the ultimate consequence to the leadership of the German state and the general populace of Germany of the restriction mentioned in a governmental document about education in Germany?

Question: What restriction helps ensure that the standards at educational institutions that are run by private or religious groups are equal to those of run by the leaders of the German state?

Question: What are earned those who are enrolled at and succeed in educational institutions run by private or religious groups in German that make these institutions equal to the ones administered by the leaders of the German state?

Question: The inability of private schools in Germany to only take in wealthy students has resulted in what type of tuition fees at these schools?

Question: How do public schools determine how much to pay teachers?

Question: What kind of organizations are Ersatzschulen run by?

Question: What law prevents private schools from charging exorbitant amounts of tuition?

Question: How do Ersatzschulen get money to operate?
Private_school

After Malaysia's independence in 1957, the government instructed all schools to surrender their properties and be assimilated into the National School system. This caused an uproar among the Chinese and a compromise was achieved in that the schools would instead become "National Type" schools. Under such a system, the government is only in charge of the school curriculum and teaching personnel while the lands still belonged to the schools. While Chinese primary schools were allowed to retain Chinese as the medium of instruction, Chinese secondary schools are required to change into English-medium schools. Over 60 schools converted to become National Type schools.

Question: What led up to the National Type schools?

Question: What was the alternative to the National Type schools?

Question: What was asked to change?

Question: Who did China reach a compromise with?

Question: When was the National School system assimilated?

Question: What language was taught in the high schools?