De Jesús signed with the Detroit Tigers as an international free agent on May 10, 2016. He made his professional debut with the Dominican Summer League Tigers. He returned to the DSL Tigers in 2017, posting a 2.20 ERA in 14 appearances (8 of them starts). De Jesús split the 2018 season between the DSL Tigers and the rookie-level GCL Tigers, accumulating a 5-3 record and 2.83 ERA with 68 strikeouts across 14 games (12 starts). In 2019, De Jesús split the season between the Single-A West Michigan Whitecaps and the High-A Lakeland Flying Tigers, pitching to a cumulative 1.61 ERA with 85 strikeouts in 61.1 innings pitched across 36 appearances. De Jesús did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. He spent the 2021 campaign split between the Double-A Erie SeaWolves and the Triple-A Toledo Mud Hens, working to a 3.34 ERA with 80 strikeouts in 40 appearances between the two affiliates. The Tigers added him to their 40-man roster after following the season on November 19, 2021.