TrialPanorama/TrialPanorama-database huggingface dataset:
Study: NCT06278519

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Quality of life and cognitive status questionnaire
Description: Quality of life and cognitive status questionnaire at the acute phase of STEMI and at 1-year follow-up
Study: NCT01054677

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Educational intervention on antibiotic prescribing
Description: Small educational group sessions with nurses and physicians, feedback on prescribing, presentation of guidelines and written materials
Study: NCT05569304

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty
Description: Endoscopic sleeve gastroplasty
Study: NCT05946109

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: ACTIVE-AGE@home
Description: functional, homebased training program offering basic functional exercises connected to meaningful activities, lifestyle coaching and motivational interviewing; derived from evidence-based training principles . Through a precise application of the FITT-VP\* guidelines, a progressive and balanced program was designed and piloted in different proof-of-concept studies. The uniqueness of the program lies in the multi-component approach which brings together functional exercises for (1) muscle strength/muscle endurance, (2) aerobic endurance, (3) flexibility, motor ability and balance and (4) meaningful daily activities, in a home-based environment.~The frail participants are visited three times a week during 24 weeks with in total 72 sessions. Each session is 1 hour in duration. Thus they receive 72 training hours.~\*(Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type of exercises, Volume and Progression)

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: ACTIVE-AGE@home
Description: functional, homebased training program offering basic functional exercises connected to meaningful activities, lifestyle coaching and motivational interviewing; derived from evidence-based training principles . Through a precise application of the FITT-VP\* guidelines, a progressive and balanced program was designed and piloted in different proof-of-concept studies. The uniqueness of the program lies in the multi-component approach which brings together functional exercises for (1) muscle strength/muscle endurance, (2) aerobic endurance, (3) flexibility, motor ability and balance and (4) meaningful daily activities, in a home-based environment.~The frail participants are visited three times a week during 24 weeks with in total 72 sessions. Each session is 1 hour in duration. Thus they receive 72 training hours.~\*(Frequency, Intensity, Time, Type of exercises, Volume and Progression)
Study: NCT04767568

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Blood sample
Description: In cohort A: Blood sample n°1 (PBMC, plasma, ctDNA) previous colonoscopy. If no cancer lesions: STOP. If cancer lesion detected : Blood sample n°2 (PBMC, plasma, ctDNA) collected 1 month after surgery.~In cohort B: Blood sample n°1 (PBMC, plasma, ctDNA) collected before surgery. Blood sample n°2 (PBMC, plasma, ctDNA) collected 1 month after surgery

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tumor tissue
Description: In each cohort, tumor tissue will be collected from the surgical specimen.
Study: NCT06387888

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Listening to mother's voice
Description: During the care, from the beginning to the end, mother's voice was played to the newborns. It took about 20 minutes. The mini Bluetooth speaker and the decibel meter were disinfected with the rapid surface disinfectant used in the clinic. The speaker was placed 30 cm away from the infant's ear and the sound level in the incubator was adjusted to be 50-60 dB by using a decibel meter (Official Gazette, 2018). Mother's voice was played from the beginning of the provision of care and continued for 15 minutes after the end of the provision of care. During the provision of care, COMFORTneo scores, pain scores, and vital signs were measured and recorded on the vital signs follow-up form.
Study: NCT04767568

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: stool collection
Description: In cohort B: Stool sample n°1 collected before surgery. Stool sample n°2 collected 1 month after surgery
Study: NCT04372485

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: mHealth Intervention
Description: Adolescents will receive text messages to facilitate treatment adherence
Study: NCT06558773

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Eliglustat+Immune checkpoint inhibitor+Regorafenib
Description: Eliglustat 84mg will be administered twice daily in the first 14 days and the following every other week.~Immune checkpoint inhibitor (physician decided) .~Regorafenib orally 80mg daily .Dose escalation to 120mg daily was allowed if well tolerated.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Eliglustat+Immune checkpoint inhibitor
Description: Eliglustat 84mg will be administered twice daily in the first 14 days and the following every other week.~Immune checkpoint inhibitor (physician decided) .

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Regorafenib+Immune checkpoint inhibitor
Description: Immune checkpoint inhibitor (physician decided) .~Regorafenib orally 80mg daily .Dose escalation to 120mg daily was allowed if well tolerated.
Study: NCT06430658

Intervention type: COMBINATION_PRODUCT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Tislelizumab (BGB-A317) with chemoradiotherapy
Description: Different sequences and methods of treatment to convert surgery

Intervention type: COMBINATION_PRODUCT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tislelizumab (BGB-A317) with chemoradiotherapy
Description: Different sequences and methods of treatment to convert surgery

Intervention type: COMBINATION_PRODUCT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tislelizumab (BGB-A317) with chemoradiotherapy
Description: Different sequences and methods of treatment to convert surgery
Study: NCT05421390

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Reduced fat dairy
Description: Serving sizes will be: 250 mL milk, 175 g yogurt, and 50 g cheese. Skim milk, fat-free yogurt, and ≤22 % fat cheese

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Regular fat dairy
Description: Serving sizes will be: 250 mL milk, 175 g yogurt, and 50 g cheese. 3.25% fat milk, ≥2% fat yogurt, and ≥28% fat cheese
Study: NCT05751967

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo Combined With Ursodeoxycholic Acid
Description: 1 tablet/ day

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Fenofibrate Combined With Ursodeoxycholic Acid
Description: 200 mg/day
Study: NCT06310577

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Leak-free bronchoscope adapter
Description: Bronchoscopy using both a standard adapter and a leak-free adapter will be performed.
Study: NCT05285982

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Nintedanib (Ofev®)
Description: Nintedanib (Ofev®) soft capsules

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Nintedanib (Ofev®)
Description: Nintedanib (Ofev®) soft capsules
Study: NCT05870631

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: vaccinate with DTaP
Description: vaccinate with DTaP

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: vaccinate with DT
Description: vaccinate with DT
Study: NCT05435677

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: IcoSema
Description: One single dose of IcoSema administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: IcoSema
Description: One single dose of IcoSema administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: IcoSema
Description: One single dose of IcoSema administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: IcoSema
Description: One single dose of IcoSema administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: IcoSema
Description: One single dose of IcoSema administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: IcoSema
Description: One single dose of IcoSema administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: insulin icodec
Description: One single dose of insulin icodec administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: insulin icodec
Description: One single dose of insulin icodec administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: insulin icodec
Description: One single dose of insulin icodec administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: insulin icodec
Description: One single dose of insulin icodec administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: insulin icodec
Description: One single dose of insulin icodec administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: insulin icodec
Description: One single dose of insulin icodec administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: semaglutide
Description: One single dose of semaglutide administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh
Study: NCT06307457

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Palbociclib in combination with AI
Description: Patients with HR+/HER2- locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer treated with palbociclib in combination with AI as first-line treatment, in Denmark.
Study: NCT06363708

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tislelizumab
Description: Tislelizumab 200mg D1 ,Q3W

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Paclitaxel
Description: Paclitaxel(175 mg/m2 ) D1,Q3W

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Carboplatin
Description: Carboplatin(AUC=5) D1,Q3W
Study: NCT04896073

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Minnelide
Description: Administered orally (2 mg) once daily for 21 days of 28-day cycles for 12 cycles.
Study: NCT06055283

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Aerobic exercise
Description: The training group will receive aerobic exercise and the intensities will be controlled considering the percentage of estimated maximum heart rate. The training will be performed with a cycle ergometer with a total of 40 minutes of intradialytic aerobic exercise in the training group. To reduce the effects of intolerance to aerobic exercise, a week of adaptation will be performed, with a frequency of three sessions, in the first two hours of hemodialysis, lasting 40 minutes at maximum heart rate intensity of up to 74% and BORG up to 4 (low intensity). Afterwards, the patients will perform the prediction training for 12 weeks, at the frequency of three training sessions per week in the first two hours of hemodialysis. Each training session will start with a 5-minute warm-up at low intensity, 30 minutes of main training with maximum heart rate intensity 55% to 74% and BORG 5 to 7 (moderate intensity) and will end with a 5-minute cool-down at low intensity.
Study: NCT06548269

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Intervention: Cardiologic work-up
Description: Noninvasive prolonged ECG monitoring with a duration of 7 days measuring AF burden； Echocardiography measuring LA volume or volume index, LA diameter or diameter index； Cardiac CTA measuring LAA morphologies, cardiac thrombus.
Study: NCT02465008

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Levobupivacaine

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Study: NCT05980702

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pembrolizumab+Carboplatin+albumin-bound paclitaxel:4 courses
Description: Pembrolizumab,+Carboplatin+albumin-bound paclitaxel Pembrolizumab (IV), dose= 200mg , day=1 , cycle length: 21 days. Carboplatin (IV), dose=300mg/m2, day= 1, cycle length: 21 days. albumin-bound paclitaxel (IV), dose=260mg/m2, day= 1, cycle length: 21 days.~Intervention: Drug: Pembrolizumab, Carboplatin, albumin-bound paclitaxel:4 cycles

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Pembrolizumab+Carboplatin+albumin-bound paclitaxel:2 courses
Description: Pembrolizumab,+Carboplatin+albumin-bound paclitaxel Pembrolizumab (IV), dose= 200mg , day=1 , cycle length: 21 days. Carboplatin (IV), dose=300mg/m2, day= 1, cycle length: 21 days. albumin-bound paclitaxel (IV), dose=260mg/m2, day= 1, cycle length: 21 days.~Intervention: Drug: Pembrolizumab , Carboplatin, albumin-bound paclitaxel:2 cycles
Study: NCT05435677

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: semaglutide
Description: One single dose of semaglutide administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: semaglutide
Description: One single dose of semaglutide administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh
Study: NCT05888467

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: supervised infrared exercise group
Description: Participants of the intervention group will be asked to perform 1-3 exercise sessions per week at the Infraligne center of Genk, Hasselt or Maasmechelen for a total duration of 12 weeks. During the exercise session, the participant is assigned to an individual 'sport cabin' in which they are standardly exposed to infrared light.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: supervised non-infrared exercise group
Description: Participants of the intervention group will be asked to perform 1-3 exercise sessions per week at the Infraligne center of Genk, Hasselt or Maasmechelen for a total duration of 12 weeks. Participants assigned to the supervised non-infrared exercise group will exercise in the sport-cabin with the infrared light turned off.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Control group
Description: Participants of the control group are advised to perform moderate intensity aerobic exercise at least 3 days per week for an average of 30-50 minutes per session and a total duration of 12 weeks.
Study: NCT05435677

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: semaglutide
Description: One single dose of semaglutide administered subcutaneously, S.c. into the left thigh
Study: NCT05587127

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Description: Eight 1-hour sessions delivered weekly via the MGH-approved secure video platform Enterprise Zoom. Skills include: education about gut-brain regulation and weight loss, and regularizing eating to improve hunger and satiety cues; techniques to facilitate weight gain with targets of increased food volume and variety; and plan for maintenance of treatment gains.
Study: NCT06247748

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Exendin-4 Fc fusion protein (JY09) injection
Description: D22 received a single subcutaneous abdominal injection of 1.2 mg of JY09 injection after completion of PK blood sampling; D29, D36, D43, D50, D57, D64, D71, and D78 subjects returned to the study center to receive a subcutaneous abdominal injection of 2.4 mg of JY09 injection(total of 8 administrations).All doses were to be administered within 3 min.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Metformin Hydrochloride tablet
Description: D1 to D4 continuous oral administration of 0.5 g metformin hydrochloride tablets twice daily (D4 was administered only in the morning, with a total of 7 administrations) for a washout period of 96 h;0.5 g metformin hydrochloride tablets orally twice a day continuously from D85 to D88 (D88 was given only in the morning, for a total of 7 doses).

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Rosuvastatin calcium tablets
Description: D8 received a single oral administration of 10 mg of Rosuvastatin calcium tablets in the morning, with a washout period of 168 h,and 10 mg Rosuvastatin calcium tablets orally at 72 h ± 0.5 h (D95) after JY09 administration.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Digoxin tablet
Description: D15 received a single oral administration of 0.25 mg digoxin tablets in the morning, with a washout period of 168 h,oral 0.25 mg digoxin tablets 72 h±0.5 h after JY09 administration (D102)
Study: NCT05495568

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: CT-P17
Description: CT-P17 40mg will be subcutaneous administered

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CT-P17
Description: CT-P17 40mg will be subcutaneous administered

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: EU-approved Humira
Description: subcutaneous administration

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: EU-approved Humira
Description: subcutaneous administration
Study: NCT04669067

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: TL-895
Description: TL-895 is an experimental tyrosine kinase inhibitor anticancer drug taken by mouth.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: TL-895
Description: TL-895 is an experimental tyrosine kinase inhibitor anticancer drug taken by mouth.
Study: NCT06315959

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Bilateral ultrasound guided erector spinae plane block
Description: Bilateral ultrasound-guided ESP(total of 60 ml, %0.25 bupivacaine) will be performed + IV morphine PCA Multimodal analgesia : Intraoperatively, all patients will receive 0.05 mg/kg (IBW) iv morphine. Thirty minutes before the end of surgery, 1 gram of intravenous paracetamol will be administered. Postoperative analgesia: iv paracetamol 1gr every 8 hours and IV PCA of 0,5mg/ml morphine. In cases where rescue analgesia is required (NRS score ≥4),iv fentanyl 25-50 mcg and/or ibuprofen and/or ketamine 10 mg will be administered. Patients are routinely administered iv dexamethasone 4 mg and IV 8 mg ondansetron 20 minutes before end of surgery for postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis.~Postoperative chronic pain will be assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory(BPI).~Anxiety and depression status will be evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).~The character of pain will be evaluated using the Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) score.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: morphine PCA
Description: IV PCA of 0,5mg/ml morphine (the bolus dose is 20 µg/kg, the lock-in time of 6-10 minutes, the 4-hour limit is adjusted to be 80% of the calculated total amount).

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Control group
Description: Patients in this group will not be performed plane blocks. Multimodal analgesia : Intraoperatively, all patients will receive 0.05 mg/kg (IBW) iv morphine. Thirty minutes before the end of surgery, 1 gram of intravenous paracetamol will be administered. Postoperative analgesia: iv paracetamol 1gr every 8 hours and IV PCA of 0,5mg/ml morphine. In cases where rescue analgesia is required (NRS score ≥4),iv fentanyl 25-50 mcg and/or ibuprofen and/or ketamine 10 mg will be administered. Patients are routinely administered iv dexamethasone 4 mg and IV 8 mg ondansetron 20 minutes before end of surgery for postoperative nausea and vomiting prophylaxis.~Postoperative chronic pain will be assessed using the Brief Pain Inventory(BPI).~Anxiety and depression status will be evaluated using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) .~The character of pain will be evaluated using the Douleur Neuropathique 4 (DN4) score.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: morphine PCA
Description: V PCA of 0,5mg/ml morphine (the bolus dose is 20 µg/kg, the lock-in time of 6-10 minutes, the 4-hour limit is adjusted to be 80% of the calculated total amount).
Study: NCT04669067

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: TL-895
Description: TL-895 is an experimental tyrosine kinase inhibitor anticancer drug taken by mouth.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: TL-895
Description: TL-895 is an experimental tyrosine kinase inhibitor anticancer drug taken by mouth.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: TL-895
Description: TL-895 is an experimental tyrosine kinase inhibitor anticancer drug taken by mouth.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: TL-895
Description: TL-895 is an experimental tyrosine kinase inhibitor anticancer drug taken by mouth.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: KRT-232
Description: KRT-232 is an experimental MDM2 inhibitor anticancer drug taken by mouth.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: KRT-232
Description: KRT-232 is an experimental MDM2 inhibitor anticancer drug taken by mouth.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: KRT-232
Description: KRT-232 is an experimental MDM2 inhibitor anticancer drug taken by mouth.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: KRT-232
Description: KRT-232 is an experimental MDM2 inhibitor anticancer drug taken by mouth.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: KRT-232
Description: KRT-232 is an experimental MDM2 inhibitor anticancer drug taken by mouth.
Study: NCT05781620

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Vitamin D
Description: Participants received 5,000 IU of vitamin D orally twice daily for 4 weeks. If the serum 25(OH)D concentration exceeds 48 ng/mL, the intervention remains the same. However, if the serum 25(OH)D concentration is under 48 ng/mL, the dosage would increase by 2,500 IU. The principle remains the same at week 6.

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Medium-chain triglycerides
Description: Participants received the same amount of placebo matching vitamin D orally twice daily.
Study: NCT04669067

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: KRT-232
Description: KRT-232 is an experimental MDM2 inhibitor anticancer drug taken by mouth.
Study: NCT04881058

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: RF Non-Invasive Treatment
Description: Self-controlled single-arm group using the PicoSure device.
Study: NCT05640557

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Physical Exercises
Description: An original, noninvasive exercise program
Study: NCT05334797

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: hot application
Description: a thermophore filled with hot water will be placed on the patient's shoulder according to the presence of shoulder pain and it will be ensured that he stays for 15 minutes.
Study: NCT00817609

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Angongniuhuang Pill
Description: 7 days of Angongniuhuang Pill

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: placebo
Description: 7 days of placebo
Study: NCT05416814

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Kefir
Description: Oral route (via feeding tube in intubated patients). Serving size 240mL to be given in an ascending dosing regimen if tolerated starting at 60 mL/day, 120 mL/day until single 240 mL/day; if evidence of intolerance, dose will be reduced to previously tolerated dose.