Study: NCT06449235

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Metformin
Description: Chemical Name: Metformin Class: Biguanide~Mechanism of Action:~Decreases hepatic glucose production. Improves insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. Enhances peripheral glucose uptake and utilization. Reduces intestinal absorption of glucose. Administration: Administered orally, usually once or twice daily with meals.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Other DPP4-i
Description: Chemical Names: Sitagliptin, Vildagliptin, Saxagliptin, Linagliptin, Alogliptin Class: Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) Inhibitors~Mechanism of Action:~Inhibits DPP-4 enzyme, thereby increasing incretin levels. Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Suppresses glucagon secretion. Improves β-cell function of the pancreas. Reduces hepatic glucose output. Administration: Typically administered orally once daily. Dosage may vary depending on the specific medication and patient needs.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Thiazolidinediones
Description: Chemical Name: Thiazolidinediones (e.g., Pioglitazone, Rosiglitazone) Class: Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)~Mechanism of Action:~Activates peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-γ) in adipose tissue, muscle, and liver.~Increases insulin sensitivity in peripheral tissues. Enhances glucose uptake and utilization in muscle and adipose tissue. Reduces hepatic glucose production. Administration: Administered orally, typically once daily. Dosage may vary based on the specific medication and patient response.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitor
Description: Chemical Name: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors (e.g., Acarbose, Miglitol) Class: Alpha-Glucosidase Inhibitors~Mechanism of Action:~Inhibits alpha-glucosidase enzymes in the small intestine. Delays the breakdown and absorption of complex carbohydrates. Reduces postprandial blood glucose levels. Administration: Administered orally, typically taken with the first bite of each main meal. Dosage may vary based on the specific medication and patient response.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1
Description: Chemical Name: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) Receptor Agonists (e.g., Exenatide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Semaglutide) Class: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists~Mechanism of Action:~Mimics the action of endogenous GLP-1. Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Suppresses glucagon secretion. Slows gastric emptying. Promotes satiety and reduces food intake. Improves β-cell function of the pancreas. Administration: Administered via subcutaneous injection, with frequency varying from twice daily to once weekly, depending on the specific medication.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Receptor Agonists (GLP1RA)
Description: Chemical Name: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists (GLP1RA) (e.g., Exenatide, Liraglutide, Dulaglutide, Semaglutide) Class: Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists~Mechanism of Action:~Activates GLP-1 receptors. Enhances glucose-dependent insulin secretion. Suppresses glucagon secretion. Slows gastric emptying. Promotes satiety and reduces food intake. Improves β-cell function of the pancreas. Administration: Administered via subcutaneous injection, with frequency varying from twice daily to once weekly, depending on the specific medication.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: SGLT2 inhibitors
Description: Chemical Name: Sodium-Glucose Co-Transporter-2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors (e.g., Canagliflozin, Dapagliflozin, Empagliflozin, Ertugliflozin) Class: SGLT2 Inhibitors~Mechanism of Action:~Inhibits SGLT2 in the proximal renal tubules. Reduces reabsorption of filtered glucose from the renal tubules. Increases urinary glucose excretion. Lowers blood glucose levels independently of insulin. Administration: Administered orally, typically once daily. Dosage may vary based on the specific medication and patient response.