Study: NCT05862363

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Microbiota-directed balanced energy protein (MD-BEP)
Description: Prototypes for nutritional interventions that are composed of locally available, affordable, culturally acceptable complementary foods commonly consumed in Bangladesh have recently been developed.

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Microbiota-directed balanced energy protein (MD-BEP)
Description: Prototypes for nutritional interventions that are composed of locally available, affordable, culturally acceptable complementary foods commonly consumed in Bangladesh have recently been developed.

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ready-to-use supplementary food-balanced energy protein (RUSF-BEP)
Description: RUSF-BEP is composed of rice, lentil, sugar, soybean oil, and skimmed milk powder mixed with vitamin-mineral premix. MD-BEP is composed of chickpea flour, peanut flour, soy flour, green banana pulp, sugar, soybean oil, and vitamin-mineral premix. The results from previous studies support the notion that repair of impaired gut microbial community development could represent a new therapeutic concept for restoring healthy growth. RUSF-BEP will be given to one arm of low-BMI women of reproductive age and low-BMI pregnant women.

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ready-to-use supplementary food-balanced energy protein (RUSF-BEP)
Description: RUSF-BEP is composed of rice, lentil, sugar, soybean oil, and skimmed milk powder mixed with vitamin-mineral premix. MD-BEP is composed of chickpea flour, peanut flour, soy flour, green banana pulp, sugar, soybean oil, and vitamin-mineral premix. The results from previous studies support the notion that repair of impaired gut microbial community development could represent a new therapeutic concept for restoring healthy growth. RUSF-BEP will be given to one arm of low-BMI women of reproductive age and low-BMI pregnant women.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Description: Aim 1A consists of performing EGD to women with low-BMI and normal BMI women with function dyspepsia. In order to enroll 30 participants with normal duodenal mucosal histology, we are planning to perform EGD on 100 healthy women (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2) of childbearing age who have been referred for evaluation of functional dyspepsia. Undernourished low-BMI (\<18.5kg/m2; 18-35 years) women of childbearing age will be enrolled from Bauniabadh and adjacent slum area of Mirpur, Dhaka and EGD will be performed among 60 women. A total of 6-8 biopsy samples from SI and a dry duodenal aspirate will be collected for biopsy, histochemical and immunocytochemical analysis.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD)
Description: Aim 1A consists of performing EGD to women with low-BMI and normal BMI women with function dyspepsia. In order to enroll 30 participants with normal duodenal mucosal histology, we are planning to perform EGD on 100 healthy women (BMI 20-24.9 kg/m2) of childbearing age who have been referred for evaluation of functional dyspepsia. Undernourished low-BMI (\<18.5kg/m2; 18-35 years) women of childbearing age will be enrolled from Bauniabadh and adjacent slum area of Mirpur, Dhaka and EGD will be performed among 60 women. A total of 6-8 biopsy samples from SI and a dry duodenal aspirate will be collected for biopsy, histochemical and immunocytochemical analysis.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Counselling and follow-up
Description: Normal BMI pregnant women will be counseled and followed up as per standard guidelines and will be provided routine antenatal care.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Counselling and follow-up
Description: Normal BMI pregnant women will be counseled and followed up as per standard guidelines and will be provided routine antenatal care.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Counselling and follow-up
Description: Normal BMI pregnant women will be counseled and followed up as per standard guidelines and will be provided routine antenatal care.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Counselling and follow-up
Description: Normal BMI pregnant women will be counseled and followed up as per standard guidelines and will be provided routine antenatal care.