Study: NCT06238739

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Control - Standard Strategies for hypothermia prevention
Description: Standard temperature management. Patients underwent one-hour pre- and post-operative warming with hot-air warming blankets at 38°C, without any other preoperative or intraoperative thermal protection measure.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Control - Standard Strategies for hypothermia prevention
Description: Standard temperature management. Patients underwent one-hour pre- and post-operative warming with hot-air warming blankets at 38°C, without any other preoperative or intraoperative thermal protection measure.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Control - Standard Strategies for hypothermia prevention
Description: Standard temperature management. Patients underwent one-hour pre- and post-operative warming with hot-air warming blankets at 38°C, without any other preoperative or intraoperative thermal protection measure.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Control - Standard Strategies for hypothermia prevention
Description: Standard temperature management. Patients underwent one-hour pre- and post-operative warming with hot-air warming blankets at 38°C, without any other preoperative or intraoperative thermal protection measure.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Fluid warming before infusion and infiltration
Description: Passive Measures: Patients underwent one-hour preoperative warming with hot air warming blankets at 38°C (100.4°F), operating room (OR) temperature was maintained at a minimum of 21°C (69.8°F), aseptic/antiseptic solutions along with infiltration fluid were all warmed to 38°C (100.4°F), and surgical fields were kept as dry as possible.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Fluid warming before infusion and infiltration
Description: Passive Measures: Patients underwent one-hour preoperative warming with hot air warming blankets at 38°C (100.4°F), operating room (OR) temperature was maintained at a minimum of 21°C (69.8°F), aseptic/antiseptic solutions along with infiltration fluid were all warmed to 38°C (100.4°F), and surgical fields were kept as dry as possible.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Fluid warming before infusion and infiltration
Description: Passive Measures: Patients underwent one-hour preoperative warming with hot air warming blankets at 38°C (100.4°F), operating room (OR) temperature was maintained at a minimum of 21°C (69.8°F), aseptic/antiseptic solutions along with infiltration fluid were all warmed to 38°C (100.4°F), and surgical fields were kept as dry as possible.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Thermal convection blanket by water flow (Blanketrol)
Description: Blanketrol: Patients underwent continuous intra-operative temperature protection, using a thermal convection blanket by water flow (Blanketrol®) at 40°C (104°F).

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Conductive fabric electric warming device (HotDog)
Description: HotDog: Patients underwent permanent intra-operative thermal protection measures with conductive fabric electric warming device (HotDog®) at 40°C (104°F).