Study: NCT05259449

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Nutritional education program
Description: The education intervention will consist of individual nutritional counselling. The nutritional education program will be conducted every 2 weeks for 12 consecutive weeks, with 20-min counselling sessions by an experienced nutritionist. Participants will be provided with an introduction (in an easy-to-understand manner) regarding the association between T2DM, gut microbiome and dietary habits. Firstly, the diet of the patient should be analysed, to determine which aspects can be improved, such as, total calories intake, amount and types of carbohydrates (highlighting the relevance of fibre), etc. Moreover, some suggestions about the combination of foods and culinary technical in order to manage the glycaemic index of foods will be provided. Finally, those pattern of the Mediterranean diet and some qualitative aspects and aids (as the size of the plat or avoid having the food platter on the table) will be taught the patients.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Nutritional education program
Description: The education intervention will consist of individual nutritional counselling. The nutritional education program will be conducted every 2 weeks for 12 consecutive weeks, with 20-min counselling sessions by an experienced nutritionist. Participants will be provided with an introduction (in an easy-to-understand manner) regarding the association between T2DM, gut microbiome and dietary habits. Firstly, the diet of the patient should be analysed, to determine which aspects can be improved, such as, total calories intake, amount and types of carbohydrates (highlighting the relevance of fibre), etc. Moreover, some suggestions about the combination of foods and culinary technical in order to manage the glycaemic index of foods will be provided. Finally, those pattern of the Mediterranean diet and some qualitative aspects and aids (as the size of the plat or avoid having the food platter on the table) will be taught the patients.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Nutritional education program
Description: The education intervention will consist of individual nutritional counselling. The nutritional education program will be conducted every 2 weeks for 12 consecutive weeks, with 20-min counselling sessions by an experienced nutritionist. Participants will be provided with an introduction (in an easy-to-understand manner) regarding the association between T2DM, gut microbiome and dietary habits. Firstly, the diet of the patient should be analysed, to determine which aspects can be improved, such as, total calories intake, amount and types of carbohydrates (highlighting the relevance of fibre), etc. Moreover, some suggestions about the combination of foods and culinary technical in order to manage the glycaemic index of foods will be provided. Finally, those pattern of the Mediterranean diet and some qualitative aspects and aids (as the size of the plat or avoid having the food platter on the table) will be taught the patients.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: The High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)
Description: 3 sessions per week in a cycle ergometer, with 1-2 days off between sessions, during a total of 12 weeks under the supervision of a personal trainer. HIIT program will consist of 3-5 series of 1 min duration at 90-130% of its maximum power (determined in the first training session), with 90 seconds of rest between sets (estimated total time of the session: 10 minutes). Depending on the number of training session, the load and the series will increase up to 40% more than the maximum load.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: The High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT)
Description: 3 sessions per week in a cycle ergometer, with 1-2 days off between sessions, during a total of 12 weeks under the supervision of a personal trainer. HIIT program will consist of 3-5 series of 1 min duration at 90-130% of its maximum power (determined in the first training session), with 90 seconds of rest between sets (estimated total time of the session: 10 minutes). Depending on the number of training session, the load and the series will increase up to 40% more than the maximum load.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: The Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT)
Description: 3 sessions per week in a cycle ergometer, with 1-2 days off between sessions, during a total of 12 weeks under the supervision of a personal trainer. MICT program will consist of sessions of approximately ˜45 min of moderate aerobic exercise (at the intensity at which the maximal fat oxidation was achieved in the laboratory test) in cycle ergometer.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: The Moderate-Intensity Continuous Training (MICT)
Description: 3 sessions per week in a cycle ergometer, with 1-2 days off between sessions, during a total of 12 weeks under the supervision of a personal trainer. MICT program will consist of sessions of approximately ˜45 min of moderate aerobic exercise (at the intensity at which the maximal fat oxidation was achieved in the laboratory test) in cycle ergometer.