Study: NCT04997343

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Neurophysiological assessment
Description: EMG will be recorded from the Abductor pollicis brevis muscle (APB) with surface electrodes. EEG will be recorded with a 32-channel elastic cap via a TMS compatible system. TMS will be performed using a Magstim 200 stimulator with a 90 mm figure-of-eight coil localized on motor and non-motor areas using a neuronavigation system together with an optical tracking system. Coordinates for neuronavigation will be calculated in the MNI space and fit of each participant's anatomical MRI. Three minutes of continuous-EEG will be recorded with subjects at rest. Single-pulse neuronavigated TMS (sp-TMS) will be delivered at rest below the resting motor threshold intensity (RMT) over the APB hotspot on M1 during concurrent EEG recording. In a final block, the subject will maintain a voluntary muscle contraction (50% of the maximal voluntary contraction) of the left APB, and sp-TMS will be delivered at 130% RMT over the ipsilateral APB hotspot in order to record the lpSP.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Neurophysiological assessment
Description: EMG will be recorded from the Abductor pollicis brevis muscle (APB) with surface electrodes. EEG will be recorded with a 32-channel elastic cap via a TMS compatible system. TMS will be performed using a Magstim 200 stimulator with a 90 mm figure-of-eight coil localized on motor and non-motor areas using a neuronavigation system together with an optical tracking system. Coordinates for neuronavigation will be calculated in the MNI space and fit of each participant's anatomical MRI. Three minutes of continuous-EEG will be recorded with subjects at rest. Single-pulse neuronavigated TMS (sp-TMS) will be delivered at rest below the resting motor threshold intensity (RMT) over the APB hotspot on M1 during concurrent EEG recording. In a final block, the subject will maintain a voluntary muscle contraction (50% of the maximal voluntary contraction) of the left APB, and sp-TMS will be delivered at 130% RMT over the ipsilateral APB hotspot in order to record the lpSP.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: clinical assessment
Description: Clinical evaluation, performed at each time point, will include:~* The assessment of clinical disability using EDSS score~* The multiple sclerosis functional composite (MSFC), a three-part quantitative objective measure of neurologic function, measuring lower limbs (timed 25-foot walk \[T25FW\]), upper limbs (nine-hole peg test \[9HPT\]) and cognitive (three-second paced auditory serial addition test \[PASAT3\]) function.~In order to reduce inter-rater variability, the same physician/technician with adequate training will administer all three tests. The patient should feel comfortable with the situation. Examiner should explain the instructions in a professional but friendly way and let the patient ask any questions before starting the tests. Examiner should write down the test results, as well as any situation that disturbs the performance of patient. Examiner should not provide direct feedback to the patient about his/her performance