Study: NCT06521502

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Tracheal Aspirate sample collection
Description: Patients on a breathing machine have a breathing tube in their trachea that connects their lungs to the breathing machine. A smaller tube, called a suction catheter, will be placed through the larger tube and fluid will be gently sucked out.~Tracheal aspirate will be collected in hospital on intubated patients only (Cohorts A, B)

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Tracheal Aspirate sample collection
Description: Patients on a breathing machine have a breathing tube in their trachea that connects their lungs to the breathing machine. A smaller tube, called a suction catheter, will be placed through the larger tube and fluid will be gently sucked out.~Tracheal aspirate will be collected in hospital on intubated patients only (Cohorts A, B)

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Non-bronchoscopic bronchoalveolar lavage (NBBAL)
Description: The NBBAL procedure involves putting a flexible rubber tube through the breathing tube into the airway of one of the lungs. A small amount of fluid is injected into the lung and then a gentle suction is used to collect fluid. Only patients who pass a safety screen showing that they are not at high risk for complications will have the NBBAL procedure performed.~NBBAL will be performed in hospital on intubated patients only (Cohort A)

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Surveys
Description: Participants will be contacted by email, text, and /or phone to give updates about their health. These surveys will ask questions about quality of life, mental health, return to work, and re-admission to the hospital. (Cohort A)

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Short physical performance battery
Description: At visits 3, 6, and 12 months following hospitalization (Long-term Outcomes Cohort)~Chair Stand Test: For this test the participant will sit in a chair. They will then stand as quickly as possible without using their upper body to assist them.~Balance Test: For this test the participant will stand unsupported for 10 seconds with their feet in 3 different positions.~4-meter walk: For this test the participant will walk 4 meters as quickly as possible.

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Hand grip strength
Description: At visits 3, 6, and 12 months following hospitalization (Long-term Outcomes Cohort):~The participant will squeeze a machine called a hand-held dynamometer 3 times with all their strength.

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: CNS Vital Signs
Description: At visits 3, 6, and 12 months following hospitalization (Cohort A - Long-term Outcomes Cohort):~The participant will sit at a computer and follow the prompts on the screen. This test takes about 45 minutes.

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Muscle Ultrasound
Description: At visits 3, 6, and 12 months following hospitalization (Long-term Outcomes Cohort):~The participant will undergo ultrasound on the quadriceps muscle on the dominant side of their body.

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Muscle Strength
Description: At visits 3, 6, and 12 months following hospitalization (Long-term Outcomes Cohort):~A dynamometer will be used to measure muscle strength in the dominant leg.

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Spirometry
Description: At a visit 12 months following hospitalization (Long-term Outcomes Cohort):~The participant will have a clip placed on their nose and will be given a plastic mouthpiece that is connected to a machine called a spirometer. They will place their lips tightly around the mouthpiece and take in as big and deep of a breath as possible and then blow out as hard and fast as they can.

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Lung Diffusion Testing (DLCO)
Description: At a visit 12 months following hospitalization (Long-term Outcomes Cohort):~The participant will have a clip on their nose. They will put their mouth over a mouthpiece that is attached to a machine. This machine will deliver a small amount of carbon dioxide when they breathe in and will also record the results of the test. They will then take a few normal breaths. Next they will inhale deeply and exhale completely. They will breathe in quickly through their mouth and hold their breath for 10 seconds or as long as they can. Then they will breathe out.

Intervention type: RADIATION
Intervention: Chest CT Scan
Description: At a visit 12 months following hospitalization (Long-term Outcomes Cohort):~The participant will undergo a Chest Computed Tomography (CT) scan which uses special X-ray equipment to take detailed pictures of the lungs.