Study: NCT06329934

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Establishment of a hierarchical monitoring and management team
Description: To be specific, the head nurse served as the team leader to conduct comprehensive macro supervision; moreover, there were 3 responsible team leaders and 6 responsible nurses, all of whom had rich clinical nursing experience and solid theoretical knowledge of pressure injury. Consequently, a joint-action mechanism of the head nurse - responsible team leader - responsible nurses was developed to facilitate the unification of the training of nursing content, precautions, etc.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Assessment of pressure injury
Description: Based on the postoperative coma of patients, the Braden assessment scale was applied to effectively evaluate patients from six dimensions of sensory perception, moisture, activity mode, mobility, nutrition, friction, and shear. The total score was 23 points. Patients scoring 13\~14 points were evaluated by Braden once per week; and those scoring ≤12 points were evaluated at a frequency of 3d/ time.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Communication
Description: Through intensive face-to-face communication with family members, timely information on the surgical effect, mechanism of pressure injury, preventive measures, and clinical manifestations through intuitive methods such as PPT and video, family members were taught with basic knowledge of pressure injury, and guided to inform medical staff in a timely manner when patients had symptoms of pressure ulcer. Simultaneously, by case sharing and positive suggestions, family members were supported to alleviate their concerns and improve their coordination with treatment

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Intervention for pressure ulcer
Description: For patients with a Braden score of \>14 points, attention should be paid to keeping skin dry and clean, regularly changing bed sheets and bedding (once per day). Patients with Braden score of 13-14 points should be provided with sponge mattresses, increased times of turning over once per 2 hours, and soft pillows or foam dressings at the site of occipital protuberance to relieve pressure and prevent pressure injury. For patients with Braden score ≤12 points, medical staff should repeatedly emphasize to their families the harm of pressure injury to postoperative recovery.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Rehabilitation training
Description: After regaining consciousness with stable vital signs, patients received rehabilitation training following the principle of association of activity and inertia in a regular order. Patients were guided to perform upper limb movements, joint flexion, lower limb flexion and extension, as well as daily training such as washing face, rinsing mouth, and dressing at a frequency of 3\~4 times/d. Moreover, patients were advised to minimize violent behaviors such as laughing and talking loudly

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Rehabilitation training
Description: After regaining consciousness with stable vital signs, patients received rehabilitation training following the principle of association of activity and inertia in a regular order. Patients were guided to perform upper limb movements, joint flexion, lower limb flexion and extension, as well as daily training such as washing face, rinsing mouth, and dressing at a frequency of 3\~4 times/d. Moreover, patients were advised to minimize violent behaviors such as laughing and talking loudly

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: introduction of the current patient's condition to family members
Description: timely introduction of the current patient's condition to family members to alleviate their concerns

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: maintaining appropriate temperature and humidity in the ward
Description: maintaining appropriate temperature (20 ℃\~22 ℃) and humidity (60.0%\~70.0%) in the ward

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: careful observation of vital signs in patients
Description: careful observation of vital signs such as heart rate, blood oxygen saturation, and blood pressure in patients