Study: NCT05733858

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: tRNS
Description: For tRNS, the electrical current is delivered alternatively (an alternating current). The stimulation intensity will be set as 1.5 to 2 mA (based on the tolerance of participants). The stimulation frequency will be random frequencies ranging from 101 and 640 Hz.The stimulation period of tRNS and tDCS will be 20 minutes.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: tDCS
Description: For tDCS, the electrical current is delivered in a continuous and consistent manner (direct current). The stimulation intensity will be the same as that of tRNS (1.5 to 2 mA based on the tolerance of participants), which is safe for stroke patients.The stimulation period of tRNS and tDCS will be 20 minutes.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: sham stimulation
Description: For the sham stimulation condition, the electrode placement will be the same as the other real eletrical stimulation conditions. The current will first turn up for 30 seconds and subsequently turn off in the next 30 seconds to provide sensory feeling without actually stimulating the brain.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: digital MT
Description: For the digital MT, the participants will be encouraged to move the affected arm as symmetrically and simultaneously as the unaffected hand while looking at the real-time image on the computer screen. The activities practiced during digital MT will include intransitive movements (e.g., flexion and extension of the wrist) and transitive movements (e.g., picking up a pen). The amount of time exposed to intransitive and transitive movements will be balanced for each participant. The participants will practice 30 intransitive and 30 transitive tasks over the 20 training sessions, and the actual movements will be selected based on each individual's ability and his/her needs.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: digital MT
Description: For the digital MT, the participants will be encouraged to move the affected arm as symmetrically and simultaneously as the unaffected hand while looking at the real-time image on the computer screen. The activities practiced during digital MT will include intransitive movements (e.g., flexion and extension of the wrist) and transitive movements (e.g., picking up a pen). The amount of time exposed to intransitive and transitive movements will be balanced for each participant. The participants will practice 30 intransitive and 30 transitive tasks over the 20 training sessions, and the actual movements will be selected based on each individual's ability and his/her needs.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: digital MT
Description: For the digital MT, the participants will be encouraged to move the affected arm as symmetrically and simultaneously as the unaffected hand while looking at the real-time image on the computer screen. The activities practiced during digital MT will include intransitive movements (e.g., flexion and extension of the wrist) and transitive movements (e.g., picking up a pen). The amount of time exposed to intransitive and transitive movements will be balanced for each participant. The participants will practice 30 intransitive and 30 transitive tasks over the 20 training sessions, and the actual movements will be selected based on each individual's ability and his/her needs.