Study: NCT06021249

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Traditional ventilation strategies
Description: 1. Tidal volume：10ml/kg predicted body weight（PBW）；~2. 0 cm H2O positive end expiratory pressure（PEEP）；~3. negative pressure extubation

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Traditional lung-protective ventilation strategies
Description: 1. Tidal volume：6ml/kg PBW；~2. 5cmH2O PEEP；~3. Ventilator-controlled recruitment manoeuvre；~4. CPAP；~5. negative pressure extubation

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Traditional lung-protective ventilation strategies
Description: 1. Tidal volume：6ml/kg PBW；~2. 5cmH2O PEEP；~3. Ventilator-controlled recruitment manoeuvre；~4. CPAP；~5. negative pressure extubation

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Innovative lung-protective ventilation strategies
Description: 1. Tidal volume：6ml/kg PBW；~2. 5cmH2O PEEP；~3. positive pressure extubation；~4. postoperative breathing training

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Innovative lung-protective ventilation strategies
Description: 1. Tidal volume：6ml/kg PBW；~2. 5cmH2O PEEP；~3. positive pressure extubation；~4. postoperative breathing training

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Lung-protective ventilation
Description: 1. Tidal volume：6ml/kg PBW；~2. 5cmH2O PEEP；

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Lung-protective ventilation
Description: 1. Tidal volume：6ml/kg PBW；~2. 5cmH2O PEEP；

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Lung-protective ventilation
Description: 1. Tidal volume：6ml/kg PBW；~2. 5cmH2O PEEP；

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Lung-protective ventilation
Description: 1. Tidal volume：6ml/kg PBW；~2. 5cmH2O PEEP；

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: negative pressure extubation
Description: The suction tube is inserted into the endotracheal tube, continuous negative pressure suction, and at the same time that the balloon is completely deflated, the suction tube, dental pad and endotracheal intubation are pulled out at the same time, and then the patient is instructed to cough independently and remove sputum.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: negative pressure extubation
Description: The suction tube is inserted into the endotracheal tube, continuous negative pressure suction, and at the same time that the balloon is completely deflated, the suction tube, dental pad and endotracheal intubation are pulled out at the same time, and then the patient is instructed to cough independently and remove sputum.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: positive pressure extubation
Description: The adjustable pressure limiting（APL）was adjusted to 30cm H2O, and after the patient breathed spontaneously until the peak airway pressure reached 30cm H2O, and after maintaining this level for 10s, the balloon was quickly cut off to remove the endotracheal tube, so that the patient had an autonomous coughing action, and then the oral sputum was removed.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: positive pressure extubation
Description: The adjustable pressure limiting（APL）was adjusted to 30cm H2O, and after the patient breathed spontaneously until the peak airway pressure reached 30cm H2O, and after maintaining this level for 10s, the balloon was quickly cut off to remove the endotracheal tube, so that the patient had an autonomous coughing action, and then the oral sputum was removed.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: postoperative breathing training
Description: Inhale deeply through the nose, hold the breath for 5s, and then slowly spit out the breath through the mouth, cycle 5-6 times, and inflate the balloon. The above steps need to be performed 15 times within 24 hours after surgery.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: postoperative breathing training
Description: Inhale deeply through the nose, hold the breath for 5s, and then slowly spit out the breath through the mouth, cycle 5-6 times, and inflate the balloon. The above steps need to be performed 15 times within 24 hours after surgery.