Study: NCT05310110

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: 10% lidocaine spray
Description: 10% lidocaine spray 3 puff for the throat before induction

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: 10% lidocaine spray
Description: 10% lidocaine spray 3 puff for the throat before induction

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo of lidocaine spray
Description: Normal saline spray 3 puff for the throat before induction

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo of lidocaine spray
Description: Normal saline spray 3 puff for the throat before induction

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cisatracurium
Description: Intravenous cisatracurium 0.12 mg/kg during induction

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cisatracurium
Description: Intravenous cisatracurium 0.12 mg/kg during induction

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo of cisatracurium
Description: Intravenous normal saline during induction

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo of cisatracurium
Description: Intravenous normal saline during induction

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Propofol
Description: The dosage of intravenous propofol for the first subjects was predetermined for each arm, and the dosage for the subsequent subjects would be determined according to the response of the previous subjects using the Dixon's up-and-down method with a step size of 0.25 mg/kg. If the subjects had no movement and stable hemodynamic status during and after the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) placement, the predetermined dosage of propofol for the subsequent subject would be decreased by 0.25 mg/kg. On the other hand, if the subjects had obvious movement, failure to LMA placement, and significant hemodynamic changes, the predetermined dosage of propofol for the subsequent subject would be increased by 0.25 mg/kg.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Propofol
Description: The dosage of intravenous propofol for the first subjects was predetermined for each arm, and the dosage for the subsequent subjects would be determined according to the response of the previous subjects using the Dixon's up-and-down method with a step size of 0.25 mg/kg. If the subjects had no movement and stable hemodynamic status during and after the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) placement, the predetermined dosage of propofol for the subsequent subject would be decreased by 0.25 mg/kg. On the other hand, if the subjects had obvious movement, failure to LMA placement, and significant hemodynamic changes, the predetermined dosage of propofol for the subsequent subject would be increased by 0.25 mg/kg.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Propofol
Description: The dosage of intravenous propofol for the first subjects was predetermined for each arm, and the dosage for the subsequent subjects would be determined according to the response of the previous subjects using the Dixon's up-and-down method with a step size of 0.25 mg/kg. If the subjects had no movement and stable hemodynamic status during and after the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) placement, the predetermined dosage of propofol for the subsequent subject would be decreased by 0.25 mg/kg. On the other hand, if the subjects had obvious movement, failure to LMA placement, and significant hemodynamic changes, the predetermined dosage of propofol for the subsequent subject would be increased by 0.25 mg/kg.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Propofol
Description: The dosage of intravenous propofol for the first subjects was predetermined for each arm, and the dosage for the subsequent subjects would be determined according to the response of the previous subjects using the Dixon's up-and-down method with a step size of 0.25 mg/kg. If the subjects had no movement and stable hemodynamic status during and after the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) placement, the predetermined dosage of propofol for the subsequent subject would be decreased by 0.25 mg/kg. On the other hand, if the subjects had obvious movement, failure to LMA placement, and significant hemodynamic changes, the predetermined dosage of propofol for the subsequent subject would be increased by 0.25 mg/kg.