Study: NCT05519644

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Sleep Deprivation
Description: The sleeping protocol will be monitored by investigators and personnel with experience in sleep medicine. Participants will be required to reduce sleep by 50% of normal, for 4 consecutive nights, to observe potential deficits in physical and cognitive performance

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Sleep Deprivation
Description: The sleeping protocol will be monitored by investigators and personnel with experience in sleep medicine. Participants will be required to reduce sleep by 50% of normal, for 4 consecutive nights, to observe potential deficits in physical and cognitive performance

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Heart Rate
Description: HR will be assessed by wrist-based acceleration with cloud technology (Polar Unite™, Polar USA). This monitor is less burdensome than other sleep monitoring technologies and less likely to interfere with normal sleep and activity demands of the cadets. Each participant will be fitted with the watch for acclimatization and then establish 3-day baseline patterns for 3 nights before the sleep loss protocol.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Heart Rate
Description: HR will be assessed by wrist-based acceleration with cloud technology (Polar Unite™, Polar USA). This monitor is less burdensome than other sleep monitoring technologies and less likely to interfere with normal sleep and activity demands of the cadets. Each participant will be fitted with the watch for acclimatization and then establish 3-day baseline patterns for 3 nights before the sleep loss protocol.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Sleep Monitoring
Description: Sleep will be assessed by wrist-based acceleration with cloud technology (Polar Unite™, Polar USA). This monitor is less burdensome than other sleep monitoring technologies and less likely to interfere with normal sleep and activity demands of the cadets.Each participant will be fitted with the watch for acclimatization and then establish 3-day baseline patterns for 3 nights before the sleep loss protocol.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Sleep Monitoring
Description: Sleep will be assessed by wrist-based acceleration with cloud technology (Polar Unite™, Polar USA). This monitor is less burdensome than other sleep monitoring technologies and less likely to interfere with normal sleep and activity demands of the cadets.Each participant will be fitted with the watch for acclimatization and then establish 3-day baseline patterns for 3 nights before the sleep loss protocol.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Diet
Description: Diet will be included and the same meals will be available for all subjects while controlling for caffeine. Participants will be given food during each intervention week.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Diet
Description: Diet will be included and the same meals will be available for all subjects while controlling for caffeine. Participants will be given food during each intervention week.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Exercise Performance
Description: Since weight training is now a crucial part of any warfighter's physical preparation, we will have subjects perform weight training workouts emphasizing all major muscle groups on Days 2, 3 and 4

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Exercise Performance
Description: Since weight training is now a crucial part of any warfighter's physical preparation, we will have subjects perform weight training workouts emphasizing all major muscle groups on Days 2, 3 and 4

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Surveys, McGill Pain Questionnaire, Shortened Profile of Mood States, Pittsburg Sleep Index
Description: These will be administered on Days 1 and 5 of each intervention trial to assess different behavioral outcomes.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Surveys, McGill Pain Questionnaire, Shortened Profile of Mood States, Pittsburg Sleep Index
Description: These will be administered on Days 1 and 5 of each intervention trial to assess different behavioral outcomes.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cognitive performance
Description: Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. (CANTAB),Gradual-onset Continuous Performance Task (GRAD-CPT),Face-Name Task will be used to assess cognitive function and performance.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cognitive performance
Description: Automated Neuropsychological Assessment Metrics (ANAM), Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery. (CANTAB),Gradual-onset Continuous Performance Task (GRAD-CPT),Face-Name Task will be used to assess cognitive function and performance.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Marksmanship Performance
Description: The Virtual Training Simulator (VirTra V-100) system (VirTra Corporate HQ, Tempe, AZ) is used by both military and law enforcement agencies to provide training. The V-100 and associated compatible weapons are equipped with recoil kits for unsurpassed live-fire simulation, at distances up to 2,000-m, authoring capabilities for the creation of customized scenarios on 4 individual firing lanes. Multiple metrics of marksmanship (total number of shots fired/silhouette target presentation, percentage of targets successfully hit/min, the radial distance of a shot from the center on target, shot group tightness, and time from target presentation to trigger pull) will be collected during each visit.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Marksmanship Performance
Description: The Virtual Training Simulator (VirTra V-100) system (VirTra Corporate HQ, Tempe, AZ) is used by both military and law enforcement agencies to provide training. The V-100 and associated compatible weapons are equipped with recoil kits for unsurpassed live-fire simulation, at distances up to 2,000-m, authoring capabilities for the creation of customized scenarios on 4 individual firing lanes. Multiple metrics of marksmanship (total number of shots fired/silhouette target presentation, percentage of targets successfully hit/min, the radial distance of a shot from the center on target, shot group tightness, and time from target presentation to trigger pull) will be collected during each visit.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Quick Board
Description: Upper body and lower body reaction tests will be assess using Quick Board Analysis on days 1 and 5 of the sleep restriction intervention.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Quick Board
Description: Upper body and lower body reaction tests will be assess using Quick Board Analysis on days 1 and 5 of the sleep restriction intervention.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Advanced Medical Technologies Inc, Jump Test
Description: Whole body power will be assessed with a repetitive jump test. Power (peak, average, curve functions) will be assessed using an AMTI force plate with Accupower 2.0 software (Advanced Mechanical Technology Inc, Watertown, MA).

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Advanced Medical Technologies Inc, Jump Test
Description: Whole body power will be assessed with a repetitive jump test. Power (peak, average, curve functions) will be assessed using an AMTI force plate with Accupower 2.0 software (Advanced Mechanical Technology Inc, Watertown, MA).

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CGM/CKM
Description: Continuous Ketone/Glucose Monitor will be applied at the start of Test Day 1. The sensor will be checked by the study team at each test day and will be removed and replaced by a fresh sensor at \~2- week intervals during the study. The sensor will be removed at the end of the final test day.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: CGM/CKM
Description: Continuous Ketone/Glucose Monitor will be applied at the start of Test Day 1. The sensor will be checked by the study team at each test day and will be removed and replaced by a fresh sensor at \~2- week intervals during the study. The sensor will be removed at the end of the final test day.

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Blood Draw
Description: Blood samples will be collected according to the schedule in Figure 1.

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Blood Draw
Description: Blood samples will be collected according to the schedule in Figure 1.

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ketone Supplement
Description: Participants will take a diester of hexanoic acid (a ketogenic medium chain fatty acid) and (R)-1,3 butanediol (C6 Di-ester) during one of the trial interventions

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ketone Supplement
Description: Participants will take a diester of hexanoic acid (a ketogenic medium chain fatty acid) and (R)-1,3 butanediol (C6 Di-ester) during one of the trial interventions