TrialPanorama/TrialPanorama-database huggingface dataset:
Study: NCT01836614

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Lidocaine
Description: The treatment group will receive a 1.5mg/kg intravenous lidocaine bolus over 10 minutes after induction by means of an infusion pump. This bolus will be followed by an intravenous lidocaine infusion of 1 mg/kg/hr. The infusion will be stopped after extubation prior to leaving the operative room or after 5 hours from the start of the infusion, which ever comes first.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Lidocaine
Description: The treatment group will receive a 1.5mg/kg intravenous lidocaine bolus over 10 minutes after induction by means of an infusion pump. This bolus will be followed by an intravenous lidocaine infusion of 1 mg/kg/hr. The infusion will be stopped after extubation prior to leaving the operative room or after 5 hours from the start of the infusion, which ever comes first.
Study: NCT04500132

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: EC-18
Description: EC-18 QD

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo EC-18
Description: Placebo EC-18 QD
Study: NCT00468871

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: fluocinolone acetonide intravitreal implant
Description: surgical intravitreal implant of fluocinolone acetonide

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: corticosteroids and immunosuppressants
Description: Systemic corticosteroids alone or combined with immunosuppressants
Study: NCT03489148

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tamarkoz®
Description: Tamarkoz® techniques includes six key elements: clearing the mind, breathing exercises, Movazeneh® (movement and balance exercises), deep relaxation, and visualization.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Stress management resources
Description: Use of the campus health center's stress management resources such as counseling, health-coaching, health and wellness groups, use of an automated massage chair, pet-an-animal a week, and online reading material about self-care for stress management.
Study: NCT00085709

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: gemtuzumab ozogamicin
Description: Given IV, induction Arm1 6mg/m2 D4; post-consolidation 5mg/m2 3 doses \>/= 28 days apart

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: observation
Description: No treatment given

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cytosine arabinoside
Description: IV; induction Arms1/2 and reinduction 100 mg/m2/d days 1-7; consolidation 3gm/m2 q3hrs D1, 3, 5

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cytosine arabinoside
Description: IV; induction Arms1/2 and reinduction 100 mg/m2/d days 1-7; consolidation 3gm/m2 q3hrs D1, 3, 5

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Daunomycin
Description: IV; induction Arm1 45mg/m2 D1-3; Arm2 and reinduction 60 mg/m2 D1-3;

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Daunomycin
Description: IV; induction Arm1 45mg/m2 D1-3; Arm2 and reinduction 60 mg/m2 D1-3;
Study: NCT00004635

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Thalidomide
Description: Thalidomide 200 mg given orally every evening at 9pm. Treatment may continue indefinitely provided that there are no dose-limiting toxicity.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: leuprolide acetate
Description: Injections of leuprolide once a month for six months.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: leuprolide acetate
Description: Injections of leuprolide once a month for six months.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: goserelin
Description: Injections of Goserelin once a month for six months.
Study: NCT01087177

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Exposure to practice that has been trained in Pedialink CEASE
Description: Child has had an appointment at a practice that was trained in Pedialink CEASE at the time of the interview.
Study: NCT04509713

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Intervention: Collection of odour samples
Description: Samples of breath odours will be passively collected while participants wear the mask while breathing naturally, for at least 3 h. Skin odours will be passively collected by participants wearing the shirt and nylon socks for at least 12 h.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Intervention: Collection of odour samples
Description: Samples of breath odours will be passively collected while participants wear the mask while breathing naturally, for at least 3 h. Skin odours will be passively collected by participants wearing the shirt and nylon socks for at least 12 h.
Study: NCT00590603

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Arsenic Trioxide, Ascorbic Acid and Bortezomib
Description: Phase I/Cohort I~Loading:~1. Arsenic Trioxide (ATO): 0.25 mg/kg IV over 1-2 hr qd x 5 days (Monday-Friday)~2. Ascorbic Acid: 1000 mg by IV infusion over 15 minutes after each infusion of arsenic trioxide qd x 5 days~Maintenance cycles (21 days)~1. ATO: 0.25 mg/kg IV over 1-2 hr once a week x 2 weeks every 3 weeks (one cycle) for a total of 6 cycles.~2. Ascorbic Acid 1000mg IV will be given within 30 minutes of completion of ATO.~3. Bortezomib 1 mg/m2 is administered intravenously in a 3-5 second bolus on days 1, 8 of a 21-day cycle. ATO is given at least one hour prior to Bortezomib. The first cycle will start on week 2, after loading dose week.~Phase I/Cohort 1 is followed by Cohort 2. Phase II uses maximum tolerated dose from Phase I.
Study: NCT01346930

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Macitentan
Description: 10 mg, tablet, once daily
Study: NCT01724255

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: questionnaire

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: questionnaire

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: questionnaire

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: questionnaire

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: questionnaire
Study: NCT03183232

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cryosurgery or IRE surgery
Description: Cryosurgery or IRE surgery will be used in local tumor

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: γδ T cell
Description: γδ T cells will be used against Lung Cancer

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: γδ T cells/ A Cryosurgery or IRE
Description: Combination γδ T cell and Cryosurgery or IRE surgery will be used in Lung Cancer
Study: NCT02703155

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Home Oral Glucose Tolerance Test kit
Description: Providing Home Oral glucose tolerance test kit to children with Cystic fibrosis for screening Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes
Study: NCT00651378

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Rosuvastatin
Description: oral tablets: rosuvastatin 10 mg once daily for 6 weeks (switch from previous run-in with atorvastatin 10 mg daily)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ezetimibe + Atorvastatin
Description: oral tablets: ezetimibe 10 mg plus atorvastatin 10 mg once daily for 6 weeks (add ezetimibe to previous run-in with atorvastatin 10 mg daily)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Double Atorvastatin
Description: oral tablets: atorvastatin 20 mg once daily for 6 weeks (double dose from previous run-in with atorvastatin 10 mg daily)
Study: NCT01134419

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Computerized handoff tool
Description: Informatics tool to aid in transfer of patient care information

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Team training
Description: Teamwork training and revisions of handoff structure to optimize teamwork skills and verbal communications

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Team training
Description: Teamwork training and revisions of handoff structure to optimize teamwork skills and verbal communications
Study: NCT00422487

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MBX-2044
Description: MBX-2044 1.5 mg one capsule daily for 14 days
Study: NCT02334332

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Quality-of-Life Assessment
Description: Ancillary studies
Study: NCT00422487

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MBX-2044
Description: MBX-2044 4.5 mg three 1.5 mg capsules daily for 14 days

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MBX-2044
Description: MBX-2044 15 mg one capsule daily for 14 days

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MBX-2044
Description: MBX-2044 30 mg two 15 mg capsules daily for 14 days

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MBX-2044
Description: MBX-2044 60 mg one capsule daily for 14 days
Study: NCT00608907

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: bortezomib
Description: 1.3 mg/m\^3 on days 1, 4, 8, 11 over a 21-day treatment cycle

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: bortezomib, rifampicin
Description: bortezomib 1.3 mg/m\^2 on days 1, 4, 8, 11 over a 21-day treatment cycle, rifampicin 600 mg once daily days 4 to 10 in cycle 3

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: bortezomib, dexamethasone
Description: bortezomib 1.3 mg/m\^2 on days 1, 4, 8, 11 over a 21-day treatment cycle, dexamethasone 40 mg once daily days 1 to 4, and 9 to 12 in cycle 3
Study: NCT04590794

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Intervention: Soluble Urokinase Plasminogen Activator Receptor
Description: Participants will undergo sampling of peripheral venous blood, immediately after admission. Blood samples drawn from all patients and EDTA plasma will be stored at -80° C until later measurement. Plasma suPAR levels will be determined using the suPARnostic® ELISA assay (ViroGates, Denmark), which is based on a simplified double monoclonal antibody sandwich ELISA assay whereby samples and peroxidase-conjugated anti-suPAR are first mixed together and then incubated in anti-suPAR pre-coated micro wells. The recombinant suPAR standards of the kit are calibrated against healthy human blood donor samples. suPAR concentrations are determined as ng/mL plasma.
Study: NCT03802786

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Imeglimin
Description: Single administration dose of imeglimin

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Imeglimin
Description: Single administration dose of imeglimin
Study: NCT02971306

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: standard medical therapy
Description: Standard medical therapy involves primary treatment with pentoxifylline at a dose of 400 mg three times a day and normal hospital nutrition (1800 to 2000 kcal per day). Diuretics, sodium restriction and albumin for treatment of ascites or fresh frozen plasma for coagulopathy or antibiotics for any focus of infection as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), pneumonia, cellulitis, and urinary tract infection as indicated.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: standard medical therapy
Description: Standard medical therapy involves primary treatment with pentoxifylline at a dose of 400 mg three times a day and normal hospital nutrition (1800 to 2000 kcal per day). Diuretics, sodium restriction and albumin for treatment of ascites or fresh frozen plasma for coagulopathy or antibiotics for any focus of infection as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), pneumonia, cellulitis, and urinary tract infection as indicated.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: standard medical therapy
Description: Standard medical therapy involves primary treatment with pentoxifylline at a dose of 400 mg three times a day and normal hospital nutrition (1800 to 2000 kcal per day). Diuretics, sodium restriction and albumin for treatment of ascites or fresh frozen plasma for coagulopathy or antibiotics for any focus of infection as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP), pneumonia, cellulitis, and urinary tract infection as indicated.
Study: NCT00422487

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MBX-2044
Description: MBX-2044 90 mg one 60 mg capsule and two 15 mg capsules daily for 14 days
Study: NCT02971306

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: G-CSF
Description: G-CSF- 5μg/Kg s.c every 12 hours for 5 consecutive days
Study: NCT00422487

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo for MBX-2044
Description: Placebo Intervention
Study: NCT01668823

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: HPPH
Description: Given IV

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: photodynamic therapy
Description: Undergo photodynamic therapy with HPPH

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: therapeutic bronchoscopy
Description: Undergo therapeutic bronchoscopy for endoscopic debridement
Study: NCT02390310

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Shang Ring
Description: Comparison of healing times at 7 day and more than 7 days after circumcision.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Shang Ring
Description: Comparison of healing times at 7 day and more than 7 days after circumcision.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: injectable anesthesia (lidocaine 1%)
Description: Comparison of Anesthesia methods for Shang Ring circumcision. Comparison of pain during Shang Ring circumcision when using injectable vs. topical anesthesia.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: topical anesthesia (lidocaine 2.5%, prilocaine 2.5% cream)
Description: Comparison of Anesthesia methods for Shang Ring circumcision. Comparison of pain during Shang Ring circumcision when using injectable vs. topical anesthesia.
Study: NCT03983798

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Simulation training in psychiatry
Description: Each participant will complete 6 hours of psychiatric simulation training, dealing with mood disorders, anxious disorders, eating disorders, borderline disorders, substance abuse and schizophrenia. Simulation training will be supplemented by brief lecture on concept map and portfolio at the beginning of the first hour.~Curriculum integration of simulation training in psychiatric course assure that each pathology studied is supplemented by a one-hour lecture and 1 to 3 hours clinical cases and MCQ training. A part of the medical students are supplemented by clinical practice ; whereas the other won't benefit from clinical practice.
Study: NCT03768349

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ga-68 PSMA11
Description: Ga-68 PSMA11 PET/CT for detection of tumor location

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: F-18 PSMA 1007
Description: F-18 PSMA 1007 PET/CT for detection of tumor location
Study: NCT02510950

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Personalized peptide vaccine

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Poly-ICLC

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Temozolomide
Study: NCT02665377

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: ANP

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Study: NCT02971306

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: G-CSF
Description: G-CSF- 5μg/Kg s.c every 12 hours for 5 consecutive days

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: n-Acetylcysteine
Description: n-Acetylcysteine at 150, 50, and 100 mg/kg in 250, 500, and 1000 ml of 5% glucose solution over 30 minutes, 4 hours, and 16 hours, respectively; days 2 through 5: 100 mg/kg/day in 1000 ml of 5% glucose solution
Study: NCT02191852

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Seresis®
Study: NCT06678776

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: surgery
Description: Explore the relationship between breast fascia development and surgical processes by repeatedly observing surgical videos of endoscopic mastectomy and reduction mammaplasty.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: surgery
Description: Explore the relationship between breast fascia development and surgical processes by repeatedly observing surgical videos of endoscopic mastectomy and reduction mammaplasty.
Study: NCT02334332

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Quality-of-Life Assessment
Description: Ancillary studies
Study: NCT02942095

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ixazomib
Description: Dose Escalation Phase Starting Dose: Ixazomib 3.0 mg on Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle.~Dose Expansion Phase: Maximum tolerated dose from Dose Escalation Phase

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ixazomib
Description: Dose Escalation Phase Starting Dose: Ixazomib 3.0 mg on Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle.~Dose Expansion Phase: Maximum tolerated dose from Dose Escalation Phase

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ixazomib
Description: Dose Escalation Phase Starting Dose: Ixazomib 3.0 mg on Days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle.~Dose Expansion Phase: Maximum tolerated dose from Dose Escalation Phase
Study: NCT02574338

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Foley's Catheter
Description: intracervical extraamniotic Foley's catheter
Study: NCT02942095

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Erlotinib
Description: Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion Phase: Erlotinib 150 mg by mouth on Days 1 - 28 of a 29 day cycle.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Erlotinib
Description: Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion Phase: Erlotinib 150 mg by mouth on Days 1 - 28 of a 29 day cycle.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Erlotinib
Description: Dose Escalation and Dose Expansion Phase: Erlotinib 150 mg by mouth on Days 1 - 28 of a 29 day cycle.
Study: NCT02432001

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Image-Guided Biopsies
Study: NCT01576016

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Accent MRI system (lead safety)
Description: Patients implanted with an Accent MRI system

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Accent MRI system (with MRI scan)
Description: Patients implanted with an Accent MRI system will receive an MRI scan
Study: NCT02280967

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Education about HPV by school nurse
Description: Information about prevention of HPV among adolescents aged 16 at time for the regular health interview with the school nurse.
Study: NCT02574338

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: prostaglandin E1 analogue
Description: intravaginal misoprostol
Study: NCT01446224

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Pazopanib
Description: Patients treated with pazopanib

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Pazopanib
Description: Patients treated with pazopanib
Study: NCT00243334

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Integration of advanced clinical decision support with ambulatory computerized physician order entry
Description: Actiobable Reminders related to medication monitoring, preventive care and chronic disease management, and test result follow-up are administered either during the visit or between visits.
Study: NCT00540813

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: drug eluting balloon
Description: drug eluting balloon bifurcated coronary lesions single arm study
Study: NCT03978533

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Family Support Group
Description: Family Support Groups will be piloted with families in community and clinical sites. Each pair of facilitators will pilot two groups of 6 families each. Each group is 4 sessions lasting 2 hours each. Each of the sessions incorporates didactic talks, family discussion, and separate breakout groups for adolescents and adults. Family Support intervention incorporates cognitive-behavioral theory of PM+ which underlies evidence-based techniques focused on stress management and behavioral activation. Family support intervention also incorporates resilience theory, which explains family protective processes that can ameliorate the negative consequences of hardships and challenges and enable healing and growth in families.
Study: NCT03354169

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Eating Condition
Description: Participants will be randomly assigned to eat per the prescribed eating condition for 8 weeks during eating condition 1. They will complete the alternate eating condition for 8 weeks during eating condition 2.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Eating Condition
Description: Participants will be randomly assigned to eat per the prescribed eating condition for 8 weeks during eating condition 1. They will complete the alternate eating condition for 8 weeks during eating condition 2.
Study: NCT04392349

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Haag-Streit EYESTAR 900
Description: The EYESTAR 900 is a new device developed by HAAG-STREIT AG which utilises Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for quantitative measurements of the geometry of the eye. As a successor to the LENSTAR 900, it represents the most recent in a series of successful biometry devices.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Haag-Streit EYESTAR 900
Description: The EYESTAR 900 is a new device developed by HAAG-STREIT AG which utilises Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) for quantitative measurements of the geometry of the eye. As a successor to the LENSTAR 900, it represents the most recent in a series of successful biometry devices.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Tomey CASIA 2
Description: The CASIA2 is a testing application for Cataract / Glaucoma / Cornea Surgery already established on the market. It is a representative device for measurement of anterior and posterior corneal curvature (anterior and posterior corneal topography) by optical coherence tomography, and for measurement of crystalline lens tilt by optical coherence tomography.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Tomey CASIA 2
Description: The CASIA2 is a testing application for Cataract / Glaucoma / Cornea Surgery already established on the market. It is a representative device for measurement of anterior and posterior corneal curvature (anterior and posterior corneal topography) by optical coherence tomography, and for measurement of crystalline lens tilt by optical coherence tomography.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Oculus PENTACAM HR
Description: The Pentacam HR is a high-resolution rotating Scheimpflug camera system for anterior segment analysis already established on the market. It is used as representative device for advanced anterior segment analysis such as anterior and posterior corneal topography and corneal pachymetry.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Oculus PENTACAM HR
Description: The Pentacam HR is a high-resolution rotating Scheimpflug camera system for anterior segment analysis already established on the market. It is used as representative device for advanced anterior segment analysis such as anterior and posterior corneal topography and corneal pachymetry.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Zeiss ATLAS 9000
Description: ATLAS is a corneal topography system used as representative device for measurement of anterior corneal curvature (anterior corneal topography).