Study: NCT03571503

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Doin (conduction exercise)
Description: An acupuncture physician will administer acupuncture at 4-8 acupoints in the low back and gluteal area (mandatory points: BL54, and GB30 ipsilateral to the dysfunctional site; and selective points: BL23, BL24, BL25, BL26, BL31, BL32, Ah-shi points, local acupuncture points and/or trigger points. Doin (conduction exercise) will be performed as active and passive movement with the needles in situ to the aim of effective treatment of pain and functional disability by increasing the hip joint range of motion (flexion and extension) with physician guidance and isometric resistance exercise (flexion and extension) as needed. Doin (conduction exercise) sessions will be performed 1 session/day for the duration of hospitalized treatment while the patient presents radiating leg pain (NRS≥1).

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Herbal medicine
Description: Herbal medicine will be mainly administered in water-based decoction (120ml) and dried powder (2g) form (the ingredients are mainly, but not restricted to: Ostericum koreanum, Eucommia ulmoides, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Achyranthes japonica, Psoralea corylifolia, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Cibotium barometz, Lycium chinense, Boschniakia rossica, Cuscuta chinensis, Glycine max, Atractylodes japonica).

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Herbal medicine
Description: Herbal medicine will be mainly administered in water-based decoction (120ml) and dried powder (2g) form (the ingredients are mainly, but not restricted to: Ostericum koreanum, Eucommia ulmoides, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Achyranthes japonica, Psoralea corylifolia, Saposhnikovia divaricata, Cibotium barometz, Lycium chinense, Boschniakia rossica, Cuscuta chinensis, Glycine max, Atractylodes japonica).

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Chuna manual therapy
Description: Chuna is a Korean spinal manipulation that incorporates spinal manipulation techniques for joint mobilization involving high-velocity, low amplitude thrusts to joints slightly beyond the passive range of motion and gentle force to joints within the passive range of movement. Chuna manipulation will be administered at the physician's discretion.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Chuna manual therapy
Description: Chuna is a Korean spinal manipulation that incorporates spinal manipulation techniques for joint mobilization involving high-velocity, low amplitude thrusts to joints slightly beyond the passive range of motion and gentle force to joints within the passive range of movement. Chuna manipulation will be administered at the physician's discretion.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Bee venom pharmacopuncture
Description: Bee venom pharmacopuncture will be administered only after confirming a negative response to hypersensitivity skin test. Diluted bee venom (saline:bee venom ratio, 10,000:1) filtered for allergens will be injected at 4-5 acupoints proximal to the dysfunctional site at the physician's discretion. Each acupuncture point will be injected to a total of 0.5-1 cc using disposable injection needles (CPL, 1 cc, 26G x 1.5 syringe, Shinchang medical co., Korea).

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Bee venom pharmacopuncture
Description: Bee venom pharmacopuncture will be administered only after confirming a negative response to hypersensitivity skin test. Diluted bee venom (saline:bee venom ratio, 10,000:1) filtered for allergens will be injected at 4-5 acupoints proximal to the dysfunctional site at the physician's discretion. Each acupuncture point will be injected to a total of 0.5-1 cc using disposable injection needles (CPL, 1 cc, 26G x 1.5 syringe, Shinchang medical co., Korea).

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Pharmacopuncture
Description: Pharmacopuncture consisting of select herbal ingredients will be administered at Ah-shi points and local acupuncture points using disposable injection needles (CPL, 1 cc, 26G x 1.5 syringe, Shinchang medical co., Korea).

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Pharmacopuncture
Description: Pharmacopuncture consisting of select herbal ingredients will be administered at Ah-shi points and local acupuncture points using disposable injection needles (CPL, 1 cc, 26G x 1.5 syringe, Shinchang medical co., Korea).

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Acupuncture
Description: Acupuncture treatment will be administered using mainly proximal acupuncture points and Ah-shi points.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Acupuncture
Description: Acupuncture treatment will be administered using mainly proximal acupuncture points and Ah-shi points.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Electroacupuncture
Description: Electroacupuncture treatment will be administered using mainly proximal acupuncture points and Ah-shi points.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Electroacupuncture
Description: Electroacupuncture treatment will be administered using mainly proximal acupuncture points and Ah-shi points.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Cupping
Description: Cupping treatment will be administered at 1-2 points using mainly proximal acupuncture points and Ah-shi points.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Cupping
Description: Cupping treatment will be administered at 1-2 points using mainly proximal acupuncture points and Ah-shi points.

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Other intervention(s)
Description: Patients will be allowed any other additional intervention(s) as deemed necessary by the attending physician regardless of type or dose, and patterns of use will be investigated and recorded as an pragmatic clinical study.

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Other intervention(s)
Description: Patients will be allowed any other additional intervention(s) as deemed necessary by the attending physician regardless of type or dose, and patterns of use will be investigated and recorded as an pragmatic clinical study.