TrialPanorama/TrialPanorama-database huggingface dataset:
Study: NCT00250679

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Arformoterol tartrate inhalation solution
Description: Arformoterol 15 ųg BID by nebulization

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Arformoterol 25 ųg BID
Description: Arformoterol 25 ųg BID by nebulization

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Formoterol 12 ųg BID
Description: Formoterol fumarate 12 ųg BID via aerolizer/DPI

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo nebule or placebo aerolizer

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo nebule or placebo aerolizer

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo nebule or placebo aerolizer
Study: NCT01093521

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: 100 mg/m2 dose
Description: 5 day infusion of gallium nitrate (IV Ganite®) at a dose of 100 mg/m2/day

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: 200 mg/m2 dose
Description: 5 day infusion of gallium nitrate (IV Ganite®) at 200 mg/m2/day
Study: NCT03907410

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Nominal Financial Incentives
Description: The nominal financial incentives will consist of fixed-ratio incentives for each inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) actuation (25 cents for children on 4 daily ICS doses and 50 cents for children on 2 daily doses), with a maximum of $1 per day.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Daily Adherence Reminders/Adherence Performance Feedback
Description: Study participants will receive automated daily text message or push notification reminders and automated weekly feedback summarizing their adherence performance through Way to Health, a mobile health, electronic monitoring platform.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Daily Adherence Reminders/Adherence Performance Feedback
Description: Study participants will receive automated daily text message or push notification reminders and automated weekly feedback summarizing their adherence performance through Way to Health, a mobile health, electronic monitoring platform.
Study: NCT00884338

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Endurance exercise
Description: The patients will carry out an endurance exercise program consisting of walking on a treadmill for 30 to 40 minutes at a speed corresponding to 80% of the maximum heart rate

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Counseling
Description: Counseling about exercise and behavioural techniques to reduce fatigue
Study: NCT01326234

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Personalized Feedback
Description: The interactive program will provide assessment and personalized feedback on the participants' level of nicotine dependence, daily cigarette consumption, money spent on cigarettes, behavioral consequences of smoking, individual medical consequences of smoking, and family members' medical consequences of secondhand smoke.
Study: NCT01326234

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Treatment as Usual
Description: Practitioners are able to provide normal care with regard to smoking; participants will complete the Treatment Fidelity Questionnaire to assess whether any smoking cessation interventions occurred
Study: NCT03681197

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Metformin
Description: Metformin 850 mg tablet will be started twice daily immediately at booking time and continued with induction by clomiphene citrate, it will be stopped once pregnancy is confirmed.
Study: NCT03891108

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: BMS-986231 Formulation A
Description: Participants will be administered BMS-986231 Formulation A as IV infusion for 48 hours.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: BMS-986231 Formulation B
Description: Participants will be administered BMS-986231 Formulation B as IV infusion for 48 hours.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: BMS-986231 Formulation C
Description: Participants will be administered BMS-986231 Formulation C as IV infusion for 48 hours.
Study: NCT03681197

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: In placebo group,placebo will be strted twice daily at booking time and continued with induction by clomiphene citrate, it will be stopped once pregnancy is confirmed.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Clomiphene Citrate
Description: 50 mg of clomiphene citrate will be given starting day 2 of menstrual cycle for 5 days
Study: NCT03891108

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: BMS-986231 Formulation D
Description: Participants will be administered BMS-986231 Formulation D as IV infusion for 48 hours.
Study: NCT00577304

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Nitroglycerin
Description: Individual pouch applicators containing 0.5 grams of Topical AmphiMatrix with Nitroglycerin. Each dose contains 4.5mg of Nitroglycerin. Each dose is intended for topical usage on both hands up to five minutes before an anticipated Raynaud's attack or up to 5 minutes after the beginning of an actual Raynaud's attack. Limited to four applications per day; minimum of two hours between applications.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Topical AmphiMatrix
Description: Individual pouch applicators containing 0.5 grams of Topical AmphiMatrix. Each dose is intended for topical usage on both hands up to five minutes before an anticipated Raynaud's attack or up to 5 minutes after the beginning of an actual Raynaud's attack. Limited to four applications per day; minimum of two hours between applications.
Study: NCT00658359

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cyclosporine
Description: Standard of care

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CP-690,550
Description: CP-690,550 tablets dosed BID Months 12-72

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CP-690,550
Description: CP-690,550 tablets dosed BID Months 12-72
Study: NCT02989597

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Methadone Hydrochloride
Description: IV administration of methadone intra-operatively for a single dose

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Standard pain regimen
Description: Standard medications for pain control administered after spinal surgery to be either fentanyl or morphine

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Standard pain regimen
Description: Standard medications for pain control administered after spinal surgery to be either fentanyl or morphine

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Spinal Fusion Surgery
Description: Clinically-indicated spinal fusion surgery
Study: NCT03681197

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Clomiphene Citrate
Description: 50 mg of clomiphene citrate will be given starting day 2 of menstrual cycle for 5 days
Study: NCT01146054

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CyberKnife based stereotactic radiotherapy
Description: 1. Initial orthogonal images will be obtained to confirm location of fiducial seeds.~2. Synchrony respiratory tracking system must be used to correct for respiratory associated tumor motion. This system utilizes a series of optical diodes placed upon the patient's chest wall. While the orthogonal images are obtained, the computer generates a model correlating the position of the chest wall with the position of the internal fiducials. This model is continuously updated during treatment to correct for subtle changes in tumor location.~3. Quality assurance will be performed as per standard practice at each participating institution.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Gemcitabine
Description: Treatment calculated per the needs of each patient and given at the instruction of the investigator; iv (intravenous).

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Fludeoxyglucose (18F) (FDG)
Description: FDG-PET/CT scan is used in treatment planning. Treatment with 18F-FDG is calculated per the needs of each patient and given at the instruction of the investigator; iv
Study: NCT03405441

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: JNJ-55375515 Dose Level 1
Description: Participants will receive JNJ-55375515 orally at a Dose level 1 in Part 1 of study.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: JNJ-55375515 Dose Level 2
Description: Participants will receive JNJ-55375515 orally at a Dose level 2 in Part 1 of study.
Study: NCT02989597

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Spinal Fusion Surgery
Description: Clinically-indicated spinal fusion surgery

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Dexamethasone
Description: Post operative swelling and pain control

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Dexamethasone
Description: Post operative swelling and pain control
Study: NCT03405441

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: JNJ-55375515 Dose Level 3
Description: Participants will receive JNJ-55375515 orally at a Dose level 3 in Part 1 of study.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: JNJ-55375515 Dose Level 4
Description: Participants will receive JNJ-55375515 orally at a Dose level 4 in Part 1 of study.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: JNJ-55375515 Dose Level 5
Description: Participants will receive JNJ-55375515 orally at a Dose level 5 in Part 1 of study.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: JNJ-55375515 Dose Level 6
Description: Participants will receive JNJ-55375515 orally at a Dose level 6 in Part 1 of study.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: All participants will receive matching placebo orally in Part 1 and Part 2 of the study.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: All participants will receive matching placebo orally in Part 1 and Part 2 of the study.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: All participants will receive matching placebo orally in Part 1 and Part 2 of the study.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: JNJ-55375515
Description: Participants will receive JNJ-55375515 as per the assigned treatment in Part 2.
Study: NCT01593306

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Paclitaxel, Cisplatin
Description: intravenous paclitaxel infusion at 50mg/m2/week and cisplatin at 30mg/m2/week for 5 weeks. if supplement Chemo Radiotherapy is required then similar dose per week for 2 more weeks.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cisplatin
Description: intravenous infusion of cisplatin 40mg/m2/week for 5 weeks. if I/C Brachytherapy is not feasible then supplement CRT given with similar dose of cisplatin for 2 more cycles.
Study: NCT01155375

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ferumoxytol
Description: Experimental: Ferumoxytol

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Oral Iron
Description: Active Comparator: Oral iron
Study: NCT04335812

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Internet-based Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Description: The intervention offered is a CTB-based internet intervention, providing an opportunity to learn about new ways of coping with tinnitus during everyday life. It is 8-week long e-learning intervention, with new modules introduced weekly and assignments are given to practice techniques learned.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Internet-based Cognitive Behavior Therapy
Description: The intervention offered is a CTB-based internet intervention, providing an opportunity to learn about new ways of coping with tinnitus during everyday life. It is 8-week long e-learning intervention, with new modules introduced weekly and assignments are given to practice techniques learned.
Study: NCT01166321

Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Carbon Ion Radiotherapy
Description: Carbon Ion Boost 18 Gy E in single Fractions of 3 Gy E
Study: NCT04520360

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Carisbamate
Description: Carisbamate is currently under investigation as an adjuvant antiepileptic therapy in Lennox-Gastaut patients. Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) is a rare and highly debilitating form of childhood epilepsy that typically is diagnosed between 2 and 8 years of age, with peak onset at 3 to 5 years of age, and frequently persists into adulthood. Treatment options are limited and complicated by the multiple seizure types associated with LGS. Given the breadth of physical and cognitive disabilities associated with LGS, the development of antiseizure medications with appropriate oral dosing forms is needed to ensure administration feasibility and compliance in the target population.
Study: NCT01295034

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: conventional vitamin D treatment
Description: Subjects in Protocol A (the conventional/active placebo arm) will receive 50,000 IU/wk of vitamin D2 for 8 wk followed by 1000 IU/d of vitamin D3 for 48 wk.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: tiered/titrated vitamin D dosing
Description: Subjects in Protocol B will receive 2000-4000 IU/d of vitamin D3, depending on the basal 25(OH)D level, with dose titration, as necessary, based on the slope of the initial response, for a total duration of treatment of 12 mo.
Study: NCT03249714

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ofatumumab
Description: Provided in pre-filled syringes for subcutaneous injection (s.c.) administration containing 20 mg ofatumumab (50 mg/mL, 0.4 mL content)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Matching placebo of ofatumumab
Description: Matching placebo in pre-filled syringes
Study: NCT02634346

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: ALK3831
Description: Daily dosing

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Olanzapine
Description: Daily dosing

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Daily dosing
Study: NCT00802425

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AM-111
Description: single intratympanic injection

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AM-111
Description: single intratympanic injection

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: placebo
Description: single intratympanic injection
Study: NCT01944813

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: ACp conversation
Description: Intervention: Advance Care Planning conersation between a healtprofessionel and a patient about end-of-life discussions.
Study: NCT03486457

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tofacitinib
Description: tablets, 5 mg BID x 6 months

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: tablets, to match tofacitinib 5 mg BID x 3 months

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Tofacitinib
Description: tablets, 5 mg BID x 3 months
Study: NCT01378923

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: REVAMP
Description: The Re-entry values and mindfulness program (REVAMP) is an 8 session group intervention designed for jail inmates nearing release into the community

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: TAU
Description: have access to standard jail programs and services
Study: NCT04227964

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Enamel matrix derivative, bone replacement graft, barrier membrane

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Tooth extraction and replacement
Study: NCT03306836

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Heparin Sodium
Description: Infused with 5000 IU of Heparin Sodium

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Heparin Sodium
Description: Infusion Heparin Sodium at a rate of 18 IU / kg.h

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Heparin Sodium
Description: Infusion Heparin Sodium at a rate of 18 IU / kg.h
Study: NCT00852046

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Dexmedetomidine
Description: IV solution, 0.2 mcg/kg/hr or 0.6 mcg/kg/hr for a max of 5 days

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Dexmedetomidine
Description: IV solution, 0.2 mcg/kg/hr or 0.6 mcg/kg/hr for a max of 5 days

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Dexmedetomidine
Description: IV solution, 0.2 mcg/kg/hr or 0.6 mcg/kg/hr for a max of 5 days
Study: NCT02989597

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ketamine
Description: Perioperative anesthesia medication

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ketamine
Description: Perioperative anesthesia medication

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Remifentanil
Description: Perioperative pain medication

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Remifentanil
Description: Perioperative pain medication

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Sufentanil
Description: Perioperative pain medication

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Sufentanil
Description: Perioperative pain medication
Study: NCT02868632

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MEDI4736
Description: anti-PD-L1 human monoclonal antibody

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MEDI4736
Description: anti-PD-L1 human monoclonal antibody

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tremelimumab
Description: anti-CTLA4 human monoclonal antibody

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tremelimumab
Description: anti-CTLA4 human monoclonal antibody

Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)
Description: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) will be administered at the standard dose of 6 Gy daily for 5 days.

Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)
Description: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) will be administered at the standard dose of 6 Gy daily for 5 days.

Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)
Description: Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) will be administered at the standard dose of 6 Gy daily for 5 days.
Study: NCT04663009

Intervention type: DEVICE
Intervention: AutoPulse
Description: A band circumflex of the chest that provide chest cage compressions.
Study: NCT02928042

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Lactobacillus bacteria
Description: Antimicrobial effects of Lactobacillus bacteria (LAB) and nisin bacteriocin on pathogen bacteria and commercial strains of the same bacteria's growth rate will be investigated.
Study: NCT00533117

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Fluoxetine
Description: Fluoxetine is administered in standard dosing 20, 40, 60, 80 mg increased monthly if tolerated

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Fluoxetine
Description: Fluoxetine is administered in standard dosing 20, 40, 60, 80 mg increased monthly if tolerated

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Dialectical Behavior Therapy
Description: Dialectical Behavior Therapy is a form of CBT originally developed to treat suicidal and self injuring individuals with borderline personality disorder. Treatment consists of 2 sessions/week: individual psychotherapy and skills training group.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Dialectical Behavior Therapy
Description: Dialectical Behavior Therapy is a form of CBT originally developed to treat suicidal and self injuring individuals with borderline personality disorder. Treatment consists of 2 sessions/week: individual psychotherapy and skills training group.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Supportive psychotherapy
Description: Supportive therapy is a manualized form of psychotherapy designed to enhance individual's strengths and coping mechanisms while reducing distress.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Supportive psychotherapy
Description: Supportive therapy is a manualized form of psychotherapy designed to enhance individual's strengths and coping mechanisms while reducing distress.
Study: NCT00419406

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: UVA1 phototherapy

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NB-UVB phototherapy
Study: NCT05973032

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: MRD
Description: Calculate the 3-year EFS based on the MRD status (MRD positive and negative groups)
Study: NCT01107054

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PF-00610355
Description: An orally inhaled dose of PF-00610355 450 µg on days 1 to 4

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PF-00610355
Description: An orally inhaled dose of PF-00610355 1200 µg on days 1 to 4

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: moxifloxacin
Description: A single oral dose of moxifloxacin 400 mg on Day 4.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: placebo
Description: A single oral dose of non-matched placebo on Day 4.
Study: NCT00823017

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Patient-preferred music
Description: Music of patients' preference

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Relaxation Music
Description: Relaxation music compiled from results of first three stages of study

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Standard Care Environment
Description: Control, no interventions
Study: NCT03449667

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cryoneurolysis
Description: Cryoneurolysis of the femoral and sciatic nerves (or their distal counterparts) in the residual limb: The cryoneurolysis device will be triggered using 3 cycles of 2-minute gas activation separated by 1-minute defrost periods. For active probes, the nitrous oxide will be deployed to the tip where a drop in temperature to -70°C will result in cryoneurolysis.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cryoneurolysis
Description: Cryoneurolysis of the femoral and sciatic nerves (or their distal counterparts) in the residual limb: The cryoneurolysis device will be triggered using 3 cycles of 2-minute gas activation separated by 1-minute defrost periods. For active probes, the nitrous oxide will be deployed to the tip where a drop in temperature to -70°C will result in cryoneurolysis.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Sham Comparator
Description: Sham cryoneurolysis of the femoral and sciatic nerves (or their distal counterparts) in the residual limb: The cryoneurolysis device will be triggered using 3 cycles of 2-minute gas activation separated by 1-minute defrost periods. However, for sham probes, the nitrous oxide is not deployed to the tip and therefore there is no drop in temperature resulting in cryoneurolysis.