Study: NCT05006144

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: sequenced trunk co-activation exercises
Description: * Sequenced trunk co-activation exercises were basically used for facilitation of functional activities through trunk musculature dynamic co-activation of in the lateral plane which is required for basic developmental milestones. In the frontal plane, encourage the child to actively shift his/her weight to maintain the weight-bearing side straight while keeping proper active co-activation of trunk musculature. Efficient trunk rotation is essential for acquiring of equilibrium reactions and balance. Enhancement of efficient active trunk rotation as the child could achieve active trunk musculature co-activation while maintaining the weight-bearing side straight (Arndt et al., 2008).~* Righting and protective reactions~* Functional stretching exercises.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: sequenced trunk co-activation exercises
Description: * Sequenced trunk co-activation exercises were basically used for facilitation of functional activities through trunk musculature dynamic co-activation of in the lateral plane which is required for basic developmental milestones. In the frontal plane, encourage the child to actively shift his/her weight to maintain the weight-bearing side straight while keeping proper active co-activation of trunk musculature. Efficient trunk rotation is essential for acquiring of equilibrium reactions and balance. Enhancement of efficient active trunk rotation as the child could achieve active trunk musculature co-activation while maintaining the weight-bearing side straight (Arndt et al., 2008).~* Righting and protective reactions~* Functional stretching exercises.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Standard Orthotic Management
Description: A custom-made articulating ankle foot orthosis with a hinge at the level of the medial malleolus of the ankle is fabricated for each child from the same copolymer thermoplastic mold after casting with the subtalar joint in neutral position. The orthosis extended distally to the tip of the toes and proximally on the posterior surface of the leg to about 5 cm below the knee and secured to the foot by three straps across the forefoot, the front of the ankle, and to the anterior upper tibial portion. It is fabricated to permit free ankle dorsiflexion and lock the plantar flexion at 0 dorsiflexion. The splinting schedule started gradually for 2 h/day in the first month, 4 h/day in the second month to the entire wake-up time of the day in the third and fourth months to accommodate children to the orthosis.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Standard Orthotic Management
Description: A custom-made articulating ankle foot orthosis with a hinge at the level of the medial malleolus of the ankle is fabricated for each child from the same copolymer thermoplastic mold after casting with the subtalar joint in neutral position. The orthosis extended distally to the tip of the toes and proximally on the posterior surface of the leg to about 5 cm below the knee and secured to the foot by three straps across the forefoot, the front of the ankle, and to the anterior upper tibial portion. It is fabricated to permit free ankle dorsiflexion and lock the plantar flexion at 0 dorsiflexion. The splinting schedule started gradually for 2 h/day in the first month, 4 h/day in the second month to the entire wake-up time of the day in the third and fourth months to accommodate children to the orthosis.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: selective dorsal rhizotomy
Description: All SDRs were performed by a single neurosurgeon through an osteoplastic laminotomy from L2 to L5 that left the facet joints intact. After opening the dura, the posterior nerve roots of L2 to S1 were identified and divided into 3 to 6 rootlets. At L2, from 30% to 50% of the posterior nerve rootlets were sectioned without selective stimulation. Selective electric stimulation of each nerve rootlet was performed from L3 to S1. The percentage of rootlets sectioned at each level (table 3) was determined by the surgical team based on the electromyographic results obtained intrasurgically and knowledge of the presurgical assessment results. The laminae were replaced on the completion of the rootlet stimulation and secured with sutures in the yellow ligament and the supraspinous ligament.