TrialPanorama/TrialPanorama-database huggingface dataset:
Study: NCT04182295

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: acupuncture
Description: A sterilised stainless steel needle (diameter 0.25mm X length 40mm, Dongbang Acupuncture Inc., Boryeong, Chungchenongnam-do, Korea) will be given at PC3, LI4, LI11, and LU5 of non-dominant arm for 15 minutes once a day for 3 days (immediately after inducing delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and 2 consecutive days after inducing DOMS).

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: acupuncture
Description: A sterilised stainless steel needle (diameter 0.25mm X length 40mm, Dongbang Acupuncture Inc., Boryeong, Chungchenongnam-do, Korea) will be given at PC3, LI4, LI11, and LU5 of non-dominant arm for 15 minutes once a day for 3 days (immediately after inducing delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and 2 consecutive days after inducing DOMS).

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Park Sham Needle
Description: A Park Sham Needle (Meridius Medical Ltd. \& DongBang Acuprime Ltd., Exeter, UK), non-penetrating sham acupuncture, will be given at two points on the belly of biceps brachii, 1 cun proximedially from LI11, and 1 cun laterally from PC3 of non-dominant arm for 15 minutes once a day for 3 days (immediately after inducing delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and 2 consecutive days after inducing DOMS).

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Park Sham Needle
Description: A Park Sham Needle (Meridius Medical Ltd. \& DongBang Acuprime Ltd., Exeter, UK), non-penetrating sham acupuncture, will be given at two points on the belly of biceps brachii, 1 cun proximedially from LI11, and 1 cun laterally from PC3 of non-dominant arm for 15 minutes once a day for 3 days (immediately after inducing delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and 2 consecutive days after inducing DOMS).
Study: NCT01665131

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cameron Health S-ICD SQ-RX
Study: NCT00706290

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Brief Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
Description: The cognitive-behavioral intervention consists of 6-7 sessions lasting 60-90 minutes each focused on psycho-education; relaxation training; cognitive-restructuring and coping with cancer fears; and activity planning and pacing. Sessions are delivered by a licensed clinical psychologist or trained psychology fellow or graduate student.
Study: NCT01694316

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Computerized Neurobehavioral Intervention
Description: Targeted, computerized interventions completed from the participants' own home on a computer.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Computerized Neurobehavioral Intervention
Description: Targeted, computerized interventions completed from the participants' own home on a computer.
Study: NCT00425464

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Standard Monofocal Intraocular Lens
Description: The control (active comparator) arm is comprised of patients who meet all study eligibility criteria and will be implanted with a standard monofocal intraocular lens.~Each study patient will undergo standard extracapsular cataract extraction through a clear corneal or limbal incision and circular continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Synchrony® Dual Optic Intraocular Lens
Description: The Synchrony® Dual Optic Intraocular Lens (experimantal) arm is comprised of patients who meet all study eligibility criteria and will be implanted with a Synchrony® Dual Optic Intraocular Lens.~Each study patient will undergo standard extracapsular cataract extraction through a clear corneal or limbal incision and circular continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis.
Study: NCT01635738

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: LP GMNL-133 capsule
Description: One capsule with 2x10\^9 (cfu) LP GMNL-133, once daily, PO

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: LF GM-090 capsule
Description: Arm: LF GM-090 group One capsule with 2x10\^9 (cfu) LF GM-090, once daily, PO

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: LP GMNL-133 +LF GM-090 capsule
Description: One capsule with 4x10\^9 (cfu) LP GMNL-133 +LF GM-090, once daily, PO

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo
Study: NCT02358759

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Correction of abnormally fertilized oocytes
Description: Removing of extra developed nucleus from fertilized oocyte.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Correction of abnormally fertilized oocytes
Description: Removing of extra developed nucleus from fertilized oocyte.
Study: NCT03099564

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pembrolizumab
Description: pembrolizumab 200mg IV every three weeks

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Y90 radioembolization
Description: The first Y90 radioembolization treatment will be administered one week after the first dose of pembrolizumab. If a second Y90 radioembolization treatment is required for bilobar disease, this should occur within 4 weeks of the initial procedure (between Cycles 2 and 3 of pembrolizumab).
Study: NCT00682981

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Obatoclax
Description: IV Infusions for 3 consecutive days of either 3-hours, 2 hours duration

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Obatoclax
Description: IV Infusions for 3 consecutive days of either 3-hours, 2 hours duration

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Obatoclax
Description: IV Infusions for 3 consecutive days of either 3-hours, 2 hours duration

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Carboplatin/etoposide
Description: Carboplatin/etoposide combination

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Carboplatin/etoposide
Description: Carboplatin/etoposide combination

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Carboplatin/etoposide
Description: Carboplatin/etoposide combination

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Carboplatin/etoposide
Description: Carboplatin/etoposide combination
Study: NCT03308552

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Platinum-Based Drug
Description: Nedaplatin or Lobaplatin or Cisplatin, 50-80mg/m2 on day1 (Lobaplatin 50mg on day 1),every 3 weeks, 4 cycles, 1 month after completion of radiotherapy
Study: NCT04270461

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NKG2D-based CAR T-cells
Description: Autologous genetically modified anti-NKG2DLs CAR transduced T cells
Study: NCT04587817

Intervention type: COMBINATION_PRODUCT
Intervention: camrelizumab+hyperfractionated radiotherapy
Description: Immunotherapy combined with hyperfractionated radiotherapy
Study: NCT01581502

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: This is an observational study.
Description: This is an observational, not intervention, study.
Study: NCT03329859

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: High resolution standardized laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Description: High resolution standardized laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: High resolution standardized laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Description: High resolution standardized laparoscopic cholecystectomy
Study: NCT03303768

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Intervention: Ultrasound
Description: Investigation of relevant ultrasound signs to improve the antenatal diagnosis of coarctation of the aorta by calculating the sensitivity and specificity of these different signs
Study: NCT05143398

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Diet + protein
Description: Comparison of the efficacy

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Diet + EAA
Description: Comparison of the efficacy

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Diet + EAA and TCA
Description: Comparison of the efficacy

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Diet
Description: Comparison of the efficacy
Study: NCT01448629

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Standard Care
Description: Participants are using their own product and this procedure is called Standard Care.~Standard Care are the participants own products and may consist of several manufacturer and brand names.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: River
Description: River is a new developed product with Coloplast as manufacturer
Study: NCT03231800

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: dasotraline
Description: dasotraline 2mg capsule once daily

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo capsule once daily
Study: NCT00859222

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: LBH589

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: LBH589

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: LBH589

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: LBH589

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: LBH589

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: LBH589

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: LBH589

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: bevacizumab

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: bevacizumab

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: bevacizumab

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: bevacizumab

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: bevacizumab

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: bevacizumab

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: bevacizumab
Study: NCT01162577

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Weight Concerns
Description: Standard Quitline plus weight coaching
Study: NCT03477773

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: High-intensity exergaming
Description: Perform high-intensity exercise whilst playing a developed exergame. A full warm-up performed prior to the session was performed (\~70% HRmax). Periods of exercise were performed at an intensity \>85% HRmax for periods of 10, 20 and 30s, interspersed with periods of rest, for a total of 2-3 minutes per session. Heart rate was monitored throughout the intervention.
Study: NCT00596882

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Message Prime
Description: Participants will be randomized to genetic prime messages or threat only message at the time of the intial telephone screen. Following phone screen, all eligibleparticipants will receive 13 weeks of Chantix with smoking cessation counseling.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Message Prime
Description: Participants will be randomized to genetic prime messages or threat only message at the time of the intial telephone screen. Following phone screen, all eligibleparticipants will receive 13 weeks of Chantix with smoking cessation counseling.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Message Prime
Description: Particpants will be randomized into 1 of 2 groups. 1 group will recieve a message detailing the negative helaht consequenes of smoking and the other group will receive this information along with information about the genetic incluences on smoking behavior.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Message Prime
Description: Particpants will be randomized into 1 of 2 groups. 1 group will recieve a message detailing the negative helaht consequenes of smoking and the other group will receive this information along with information about the genetic incluences on smoking behavior.
Study: NCT02941900

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: MC1R genotyping

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Intervention: MC1R Testing Website
Description: The website includes three educational modules about genetic testing with corresponding knowledge questions.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Intervention: Baseline Survey
Study: NCT03627273

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: 6 minutes walking test with walker
Description: to walk during 6 minutes with walker

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: 6 minutes walking test
Description: to walk during 6 minutes with walker
Study: NCT00693940

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Group mediated cognitive behavioral (GMCB) sessions
Description: GMCB will include weekly group exercise sessions, lasting approximately 60 to 75 minutes each for a 6 month period. During these sessions, participants will be asked to exercise by walking around a track. There will also be a group discussion, led by a facilitator, who will help participants find ways to increase the frequency of their walking exercise at home. After completing the GMCB sessions, which will last about 6 months, participants will be telephoned regularly by a study coordinator for another 6 months.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Health education sessions
Description: Health education will include weekly educational sessions on a health-related topic, lasting approximately 60 minutes each. After completing the health education sessions, which will last about 6 months, participants will be telephoned regularly by a study coordinator for another 6 months.
Study: NCT01129102

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NPC-01
Description: Norethisterone 1mg, Ethinyl estradiol 0.02mg

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: IKH-01
Description: Norethisterone 1mg, Ethinyl estradiol 0.035mg

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo for NPC-01
Study: NCT03871582

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: No intervention
Description: Cross-sectional
Study: NCT02797080

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: interferon γ-1b
Description: ACTIMMUNE® will be administered three times per week by subcutaneous injection. The initial dose will be individualized for each participant and will be determined by the investigator, provided that the initial dose does not exceed the maximum tolerated dose in HZNP-ACT-302 (NCT02593773). The investigator may subsequently adjust the dose for any participant if deemed clinically appropriate, provided that the dose does not exceed 100 μg/m².
Study: NCT00951015

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: GSK1349572
Description: investigational HIV-1 integrase inhibitor

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: GSK1349572
Description: investigational HIV-1 integrase inhibitor

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: GSK1349572
Description: investigational HIV-1 integrase inhibitor

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: efavirenz
Description: approved therapy for HIV-1 infection, used as an internal study control
Study: NCT03912051

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: asymmetric balloon
Description: Asymmetric balloon for treatment of intranasal bleeding
Study: NCT02683785

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: GSK3196165
Description: GSK3196165 will be supplied as a liquid and will be administered as a subcutaneous injection. The drug will be administered weekly for 5 injections, then every other week for 3 further injections.
Study: NCT02799147

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation
Study: NCT02683785

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Matching placebo will be administered as above.
Study: NCT05976373

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Dupilumab (SAR231893)
Description: injection solution subcutaneous

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Dupilumab (SAR231893)
Description: injection solution subcutaneous
Study: NCT03250442

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: PrevenaTM Device
Description: The PrevenaTM Incision Management System covers and protects the incision from external contamination, while negative pressure removes fluid and infectious material from the surgical incision.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Standard Dry Dressing
Description: These are customary dry dressings.
Study: NCT03423576

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: comprehensive patient-centered outpatient health service with multiple components
Description: Individualized multi-component education and counselling program coordinated by a case Manager.
Study: NCT01401153

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Skipping lunch
Description: Just water.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Skipping lunch
Description: Just water.
Study: NCT02243670

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AiCure monitoring and intervention
Description: Participants will use the AiCure app to monitor ingestion of all prescribed doses of Zubsolv®. If a participant misses a dose, takes an incorrect dose, or their data are flagged for suspicious activity, they will be contacted by research staff or the AiCure study team through automated SMS text or by phone.
Study: NCT01605019

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CoSeal
Description: 3 - 8mls of Coseal

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: BioGlue® Surgical Adhesive
Description: Total amount applied - 8 mls
Study: NCT02233803

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NEUMOTEROL 400 (BFF 400/12 mcg) single capsule inhaler
Description: Micronized 400 mcg budesonide+ 12 mcg formoterol fumarate along with micronized and crystalline lactose monohydrate (excipient), per capsule dispensed by single capsule inhaler, twice daily (administered once in the morning and once in the evening approximately 12 hours later).

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NEUMOTEROL 400 (BFF 400/12 mcg) single capsule inhaler
Description: Micronized 400 mcg budesonide+ 12 mcg formoterol fumarate along with micronized and crystalline lactose monohydrate (excipient), per capsule dispensed by single capsule inhaler, twice daily (administered once in the morning and once in the evening approximately 12 hours later).

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: SYMBICORT forte (BFF 320/9mcg) TURBUHALER inhaler
Description: Unit dose containing 320 mcg budesonide and 9 mcg formoterol fumarate (as dihidrate) along with lactose monohydrate as excipient. Administered as inhalation by TURBUHALER inhaler, twice daily (once in the morning and once in the evening approximately 12 hours later)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: SYMBICORT forte (BFF 320/9mcg) TURBUHALER inhaler
Description: Unit dose containing 320 mcg budesonide and 9 mcg formoterol fumarate (as dihidrate) along with lactose monohydrate as excipient. Administered as inhalation by TURBUHALER inhaler, twice daily (once in the morning and once in the evening approximately 12 hours later)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NEUMOTEX 400 (Budesonide 400 mcg)
Description: Budesonide 400mcg will be administered to all the subjects twice daily, during the Run-in and Washout Periods

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NEUMOTEX 400 (Budesonide 400 mcg)
Description: Budesonide 400mcg will be administered to all the subjects twice daily, during the Run-in and Washout Periods

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Salbutamol 100 mcg pMDI
Description: Salbutamol 100mcg will be administered as pMDI on demand, as rescue medication, throughout the entire study period until Visit 5

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Salbutamol 100 mcg pMDI
Description: Salbutamol 100mcg will be administered as pMDI on demand, as rescue medication, throughout the entire study period until Visit 5
Study: NCT04213742

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Thanksgiving diary intervention
Description: Record gratitude.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Thanksgiving diary intervention
Description: Record gratitude.
Study: NCT02060877

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: observational study: use of patient questionnaires
Description: observational study, there is no study intervention, only patient questionnaires
Study: NCT01791504

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: TissuGlu Surgical Adhesive
Description: Standard Wound Closure Techniques Plus TissuGlu and no drains.
Study: NCT02015364

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Controlled early mobilization
Description: 1. The intervention group: Must perform controlled mobilization-exercises from the beginning of week 3 - 8.
Study: NCT02799147

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Allogeneic stem cell transplantation

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Fludarabine monophosphate

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Fludarabine monophosphate

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Fludarabine monophosphate

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Busulfan

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Busulfan
Study: NCT04085484

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Intervention: More concentrated parenteral nutrition solution
Description: This study is a single-center retrospective observational study comparing two cohorts of very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight \< 1500 grams) infants who received parenteral nutrition (PN) either before or after a concentrated PN regime was implemented into clinical use. Both PN regimes were based on standardized PN solutions.
Study: NCT02799147

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Busulfan

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Bendamustine
Study: NCT01291030

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: magnesium supplementation
Description: The supplementation starts with 450 mg of magnesium oxide daily, up to a maximum of 3 times 450 mg daily, while aiming at a serum magnesium level of \> 1,9 mg/dl.
Study: NCT02992691

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: 20% w/w sodium bicarbonate
Description: Dentifrice containing 20% w/w sodium bicarbonate.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: 35% w/w sodium bicarbonate
Description: Dentifrice containing 35% w/w sodium bicarbonate.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: 50% w/w sodium bicarbonate
Description: Dentifrice containing 20% w/w sodium bicarbonate.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: 67% w/w sodium bicarbonate
Description: Dentifrice containing 67% w/w sodium bicarbonate.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: 0% w/w sodium bicarbonate
Description: Dentifrice containing 0% sodium bicarbonate and 1450 parts per million (ppm) fluoride.