TrialPanorama/TrialPanorama-database huggingface dataset:
Study: NCT02460588

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Corticosteroid (prednisolone)
Description: All patients will receive non experimental medication with high dose of corticosteroid.
Study: NCT00401622

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: OneTouch® Ultra®2 System
Description: Education and self-monitoring of blood glucose performed with OneTouch® Ultra®2 System that includes the Simple Start™ home-based education program

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Standard care
Description: Standard education and self-monitoring of blood glucose performed with traditional meter systems
Study: NCT04240067

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Intervention: READ-MA Multimarker Approach
Description: The presence or absence of ALSHF (gold standard used in the READ study) : diagnosis by 2 experts (cardiologist and emergency physician) based on data collected in the ED and during hospitalization (clinical examination, history, usual treatment, haemodynamic parameters, ECG, chest X-ray, emergency treatment, clinical and paraclinical results during hospitalization), biological assays (except NT-proBNP) and echocardiography (Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction, segmental kinetic, potential valvulopathy, transmitral flow, tissue doppler E' velocity) performed by a cardiologist within 24 hours of admission.
Study: NCT04673149

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: GLS-5310
Description: GLS-5310 DNA plasmid vaccine
Study: NCT03865017

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Regulatory T cells
Description: The trial will be carried out in Alzheimer's disease patients. The investigators will isolate CD4+CD25+ Tregs from these patients, expand and injection.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Saline
Description: Saline+cell suspension solution infusion
Study: NCT02200458

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: VeinViewer
Description: Updated software on the VeinViewer device will be used to project an image of the vasculature on the skin.
Study: NCT04673149

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: GLS-5310
Description: GLS-5310 DNA plasmid vaccine

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: GLS-5310
Description: GLS-5310 DNA plasmid vaccine

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: GLS-5310
Description: GLS-5310 DNA plasmid vaccine

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo
Study: NCT02687373

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PfSPZ Vaccine
Description: Aseptic, purified, cryopreserved, radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PfSPZ Vaccine
Description: Aseptic, purified, cryopreserved, radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PfSPZ Vaccine
Description: Aseptic, purified, cryopreserved, radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites
Study: NCT03793855

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Nutritional Strategy
Description: Counseling based on dietary goals and mindfulness techniques.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Dietary Prescription
Description: Dietary prescription according to guidelines.
Study: NCT00301379

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Observation data collection study.
Description: This is a data collection study where the main purpose is to collect information about the treatments patients receive for their unresectable cholangiocarcinoma.
Study: NCT02476643

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Integrative Therapy
Description: This group receives an integrative therapy at the Department of Internal and Integrative Medicine, i.e. a combination of conventional diagnostic and therapeutic interventions with specific naturopathic, and complementary medicine approaches, and physical therapy.
Study: NCT02687373

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PfSPZ Vaccine
Description: Aseptic, purified, cryopreserved, radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites
Study: NCT02860923

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Exenatide

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Study: NCT00233129

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Top Down
Description: Six months

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: cognitive rehabilitation day treatment program
Description: six months
Study: NCT03382743

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Endocervical Lidocaine spray
Description: 5 sprays of endocervical Lidocaine spray (10%) is used 3 minutes before office hysteroscopy
Study: NCT04514042

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Peroral endoscopic myotomy
Description: Patients will be hospitalized for 24 hours before procedure or at the day of procedure (depending on preference of each center). Procedures will be performed always using carbon dioxide insufflation and whenever possible under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation by anesthesiologist recommendations. The procedure will begin after general endoscopic evaluation of the Zenker's diverticulum and esophagus. An incision of the bridge between the Zenker's diverticulum and the esophagus will be done using procedure as peroral endoscopic myotomy. All the procedures will be documented with photographs or videorecordings.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Flexible endoscopic septotomy
Description: Patients will be hospitalized for 24 hours before procedure or at the day of procedure (depending on preference of each center). Procedures will be performed always using carbon dioxide insufflation and whenever possible under general anesthesia with endotracheal intubation by anesthesiologist recommendations. The procedure will begin after general endoscopic evaluation of the Zenker's diverticulum and esophagus. An incision of the bridge between the Zenker's diverticulum and the esophagus will be done using procedure as flexible endoscopy septotomy. All the procedures will be documented with photographs or videorecordings.
Study: NCT03818061

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Atezolizumab
Description: Patients will receive the combination of Atezolizumab 1200 mg and Bevacizumab 15 mg/kg by IV infusion every 3 weeks.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Atezolizumab
Description: Patients will receive the combination of Atezolizumab 1200 mg and Bevacizumab 15 mg/kg by IV infusion every 3 weeks.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Bevacizumab
Description: Patients will receive the combination of Atezolizumab 1200 mg and Bevacizumab 15 mg/kg by IV infusion every 3 weeks.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Bevacizumab
Description: Patients will receive the combination of Atezolizumab 1200 mg and Bevacizumab 15 mg/kg by IV infusion every 3 weeks.
Study: NCT00568347

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: fluticasone 100mcg/ salmeterol 50mcg
Description: inhaled fluticasone 100mcg/salmeterol 50mcg bid X 3 months

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: fluticasone 250/salmeterol 50
Description: inhaled fluticasone 250/salmeterol 50 X 3 months to evaluate effect on lung function and exhaled nitric oxide

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: salmeterol
Description: salmeterol 50 mcg by dry powder inhaler disk bid to evaluated effect on lung function and exhaled nitric oxide

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Salmeterol
Description: salmeterol 50mcg bid X 3months

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: salmeterol and fluticasone propionate
Description: salmeterol 50mcg/fluticasone 250mcg by DPI bid
Study: NCT02724020

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Everolimus
Description: Everolimus capsules.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MLN0128
Description: MLN0128 capsules.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MLN0128
Description: MLN0128 capsules.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MLN1117
Description: MLN1117 capsules.
Study: NCT02850627

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tongguan capsule
Description: eligible participants were randomized to receive Tongguan capsule ( 1.5 g/day for six months immediately after PCI)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: placebo capsule
Description: eligible participants were randomized to receive placebo capsule ( 1.5 g/day for six months immediately after PCI)
Study: NCT04311203

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Mental Health First Aid
Description: The intervention has 3 parts:1.Two-day MHFA training provided by MHFA England. A manualised programme designed to provide individuals with: an in-depth understanding of mental health and the factors that can affect wellbeing, practical skills to spot triggers and signs of mental health issues, confidence to step in, reassure and support a person in distress, enhanced interpersonal skills such as non-judgemental listening, knowledge to help someone recover their health by guiding them to further support - whether that's self-help resources, through their employer, the NHS, or a mix. 2.Raising awareness of the presence of MHFA in the organisation. 3.The application of MHFA to participants in the workplace using the manualised five-stage approach, ALGEE: Approach the person, assess and assist with any crisis; Listen and communicate non-judgementally; Give support and information; Encourage the person to get appropriate professional help and Encourage them to seek other forms of support.
Study: NCT04341298

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: 11-point pain scale
Description: Subjects will be asked to rate their headache pain using an 11-point scale, i.e. on an integer scale from 0 to 10 inclusive, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating the worst pain imaginable.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: 11-point pain scale
Description: Subjects will be asked to rate their headache pain using an 11-point scale, i.e. on an integer scale from 0 to 10 inclusive, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating the worst pain imaginable.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Headache diary
Description: Subjects will be asked to record specific information for the first (and all subsequent) severe or very severe migraine headaches that they experience while enrolled in the study.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Headache diary
Description: Subjects will be asked to record specific information for the first (and all subsequent) severe or very severe migraine headaches that they experience while enrolled in the study.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Avulux®
Description: Avulux® device

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Sham Avulux®
Description: Sham Avulux®
Study: NCT01442168

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Sevuparin sodium + atovaquone/proquanil
Description: Sevuparin 4 times per day and malanil according to label

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: atovaquone/proquanil
Description: malanil according to label
Study: NCT03310528

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Intervention: Interview questionnaire
Description: Complete interview questionnaire regarding the composition and timing of their most recent food intake.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Intervention: Interview questionnaire
Description: Complete interview questionnaire regarding the composition and timing of their most recent food intake.
Study: NCT02687373

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PfSPZ Vaccine
Description: Aseptic, purified, cryopreserved, radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PfSPZ Vaccine
Description: Aseptic, purified, cryopreserved, radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites
Study: NCT03310528

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Intervention: Interview questionnaire
Description: Complete interview questionnaire regarding the composition and timing of their most recent food intake.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Intervention: Interview questionnaire
Description: Complete interview questionnaire regarding the composition and timing of their most recent food intake.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Gastric ultrasound exam
Description: Gastric ultrasound exam prior to upper GI endoscopy procedure.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Gastric ultrasound exam
Description: Gastric ultrasound exam prior to upper GI endoscopy procedure.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Gastric ultrasound exam
Description: Gastric ultrasound exam prior to upper GI endoscopy procedure.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Gastric ultrasound exam
Description: Gastric ultrasound exam prior to upper GI endoscopy procedure.
Study: NCT01238497

Intervention type: DEVICE
Intervention: TAVR Implantation of the Transcatheter Aortic Valve Prosthesis
Description: Patients eligible for either transfemoral or transapical access and any of the 3 valve sizes (23, 26 or 29)

Intervention type: DEVICE
Intervention: TAVR Implantation of the Transcatheter Aortic Valve Prosthesis
Description: Patients eligible for transapical or transaortic access and any of the 3 valve sizes (23mm, 26mm or 29mm)

Intervention type: DEVICE
Intervention: TAVR Implantation of the Transcatheter Aortic Valve Prosthesis
Description: Patients eligible for transfemoral access and requiring a 29mm valve.
Study: NCT03241498

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Medicines optimisation
Study: NCT01688973

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Erlotinib Hydrochloride
Description: 150 mg (1 tablet) by mouth on days 1-28, once daily, until disease progression

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
Description: Correlative studies
Study: NCT01688973

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Laboratory Biomarker Analysis
Description: Correlative studies

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tivantinib
Description: 360 mg (3 tablets) by mouth, Twice daily (720 mg total daily dose) on days 1-28, until disease progression

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tivantinib
Description: 360 mg (3 tablets) by mouth, Twice daily (720 mg total daily dose) on days 1-28, until disease progression
Study: NCT04036240

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Finger feeding
Description: After discharge, subjects will be given HMF supplementation by finger feeding method using finger feeder
Study: NCT04151121

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MBCT (Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy)
Description: MBCT is recognized behavior therapy for patients with recurrent depression. The program will be adapted for patients with chest pain.
Study: NCT00748969

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Somatropin (DNA origin)
Description: The study starting dose of Nutropin AQ® will be 0.48 mg/kg/week divided into daily SC injections. Nutropin AQ® will be administered by either the subject or, if unable to demonstrate competency in this, then by the guardian. To decrease the risk of increased intracranial hypertension, the dose in the first month of treatment will be decreased by 50% (0.24 mg/kg/week), and then increased to 0.48 mg/kg/week if tolerated well after 1 month.
Study: NCT01065272

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Dexamethasone
Description: 0.5 ml Salbutamol in 2 ml normal saline is given at 0,30,60,120,180 minutes and then every 2 hourly till discharge.~1mg/kg of oral Dexamethasone with cherry flavour is also given in the first day, then 0.6 mg/kg/day for 4 days

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: 0.5 ml Salbutamol in 2 ml normal saline is given at 0,30,60,120,180 minutes and then every 2 hourly till discharge.~1mg/kg of oral Placebo is also given in the first day, then 0.6 mg/kg/day for 4 days
Study: NCT03748160

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Letter
Description: Intervention consists of two different types of postal letters reminding elderly citizens (65 years and above) about influenza vaccines that are available free of charge from the local health centers
Study: NCT02687373

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PfSPZ Vaccine
Description: Aseptic, purified, cryopreserved, radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PfSPZ Vaccine
Description: Aseptic, purified, cryopreserved, radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PfSPZ Vaccine
Description: Aseptic, purified, cryopreserved, radiation-attenuated Plasmodium falciparum sporozoites

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Normal Saline
Description: 0.9% Sodium chloride
Study: NCT00445627

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Metformin

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Insulin

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Intervention: Nutrition counseling

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Intervention: Nutrition counseling

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Intervention: Nutrition counseling

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Intervention: Exercise counseling

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Intervention: Exercise counseling

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Intervention: Exercise counseling
Study: NCT00249483

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Venlafaxine
Description: Venlafaxiine 300mg/day
Study: NCT02687373

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Normal Saline
Description: 0.9% Sodium chloride

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Normal Saline
Description: 0.9% Sodium chloride

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Normal Saline
Description: 0.9% Sodium chloride

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Normal Saline
Description: 0.9% Sodium chloride

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Normal Saline
Description: 0.9% Sodium chloride

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Normal Saline
Description: 0.9% Sodium chloride

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Normal Saline
Description: 0.9% Sodium chloride

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Normal Saline
Description: 0.9% Sodium chloride
Study: NCT02793167

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AKI alert
Study: NCT02098317

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: DHA plus Vitamin D
Description: DHA 500 mg plus Vitamin D 800 IU
Study: NCT02687373

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Normal Saline
Description: 0.9% Sodium chloride

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Normal Saline
Description: 0.9% Sodium chloride

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Normal Saline
Description: 0.9% Sodium chloride

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Normal Saline
Description: 0.9% Sodium chloride

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Normal Saline
Description: 0.9% Sodium chloride
Study: NCT01289457

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Clofarabine
Description: Phase I: 15 mg/m2 by vein (IV) daily for 5 days of a 28 day cycle.~Phase II: Clofarabine (dose selected based on Phase I portion) by vein over approximately 1 hour daily for 5 days (days 1-5) for a 28 day cycle.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Clofarabine
Description: Phase I: 15 mg/m2 by vein (IV) daily for 5 days of a 28 day cycle.~Phase II: Clofarabine (dose selected based on Phase I portion) by vein over approximately 1 hour daily for 5 days (days 1-5) for a 28 day cycle.
Study: NCT02098317

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo pearls mimicking pearls with DHA and Vitamin D
Study: NCT04030481

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: inhalation anesthesia
Description: sevoflurane was used to maintain anesthesia

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Total intravenous anesthesia
Description: propofol was used to maintain anesthesia
Study: NCT05687201

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Intervention: Non-enhanced CT scan、Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
Description: Non-surgical patients were followed up by CT on days 1 and 5-7 after ICH, and by CT or MRI on day 5-7. Surgical patients were followed up by CT before surgery and then transferred to the operating room. The first postoperative follow-up CT scan was performed on the second day after surgery, and the second postoperative CT scan was performed on the third day after surgery. Some patients need a third or even a fourth CT follow-up after surgery. The CT scan can be repeated at any time if the patient has neurologic deterioration.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Intervention: Non-enhanced CT scan、Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MRI)
Description: Non-surgical patients were followed up by CT on days 1 and 5-7 after ICH, and by CT or MRI on day 5-7. Surgical patients were followed up by CT before surgery and then transferred to the operating room. The first postoperative follow-up CT scan was performed on the second day after surgery, and the second postoperative CT scan was performed on the third day after surgery. Some patients need a third or even a fourth CT follow-up after surgery. The CT scan can be repeated at any time if the patient has neurologic deterioration.
Study: NCT03198169

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Atteris Antimicrobial Skin and Wound Cleanser
Description: Wounds will be cleansed with either the experimental wound cleanser or a placebo and will then be covered with standard of care wound dressings.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Atteris Antimicrobial Skin and Wound Cleanser
Description: Wounds will be cleansed with either the experimental wound cleanser or a placebo and will then be covered with standard of care wound dressings.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Atteris Antimicrobial Skin and Wound Cleanser
Description: Wounds will be cleansed with either the experimental wound cleanser or a placebo and will then be covered with standard of care wound dressings.
Study: NCT02196467

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Myoblast transplantation
Description: 30 million myoblasts will be transplanted per centimeter cube in the Extensor carpi radialis of one of the patient's forearm, resuspended in saline (a total of 0.5 ml of suspension per centimetre cube of muscle).
Study: NCT00249483

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo
Study: NCT02196467

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Saline injection
Description: A saline solution (the same used to resuspend de myoblasts in the first intervention) will be injected similarly in the Extensor carpi radialis of the contralateral patient's forearm (a total of 0.5 ml of saline per centimetre cube of muscle).