Study: NCT02282423

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pre-study dietary and exercise instruction.
Description: All subjects will be instructed to continue their normal diet during the three days prior to study, to not consume alcohol the day before study, and to not engage in exercise for 48 hours before all studies.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pre-study dietary and exercise instruction.
Description: All subjects will be instructed to continue their normal diet during the three days prior to study, to not consume alcohol the day before study, and to not engage in exercise for 48 hours before all studies.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pre-study dietary and exercise instruction.
Description: All subjects will be instructed to continue their normal diet during the three days prior to study, to not consume alcohol the day before study, and to not engage in exercise for 48 hours before all studies.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pre-study dietary and exercise instruction.
Description: All subjects will be instructed to continue their normal diet during the three days prior to study, to not consume alcohol the day before study, and to not engage in exercise for 48 hours before all studies.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Screening examination and oral glucose tolerance test
Description: All subjects will have screening exam and OGTT at the Clinical Studies Infusion Unit at Mayo Clinic in Arizona at 7-8 am after having eaten nothing after 10 PM the night before, and have a screening examination and 75 g OGTT, as described

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Screening examination and oral glucose tolerance test
Description: All subjects will have screening exam and OGTT at the Clinical Studies Infusion Unit at Mayo Clinic in Arizona at 7-8 am after having eaten nothing after 10 PM the night before, and have a screening examination and 75 g OGTT, as described

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Screening examination and oral glucose tolerance test
Description: All subjects will have screening exam and OGTT at the Clinical Studies Infusion Unit at Mayo Clinic in Arizona at 7-8 am after having eaten nothing after 10 PM the night before, and have a screening examination and 75 g OGTT, as described

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Screening examination and oral glucose tolerance test
Description: All subjects will have screening exam and OGTT at the Clinical Studies Infusion Unit at Mayo Clinic in Arizona at 7-8 am after having eaten nothing after 10 PM the night before, and have a screening examination and 75 g OGTT, as described

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Euglycemic clamp
Description: On a separate day, subjects will have a two-hour euglycemic clamp ((80 mU insulin/(m2.min)) at the Clinical Studies Unit at Mayo Clinic Arizona at 7-8 am after an overnight fast. A muscle biopsy will be taken before the insulin infusion, to serve as the resting biopsy (3). Biopsy specimens (150-300 mg) will be frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen and stored in liquid nitrogen until they are processed

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Euglycemic clamp
Description: On a separate day, subjects will have a two-hour euglycemic clamp ((80 mU insulin/(m2.min)) at the Clinical Studies Unit at Mayo Clinic Arizona at 7-8 am after an overnight fast. A muscle biopsy will be taken before the insulin infusion, to serve as the resting biopsy (3). Biopsy specimens (150-300 mg) will be frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen and stored in liquid nitrogen until they are processed

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Euglycemic clamp
Description: On a separate day, subjects will have a two-hour euglycemic clamp ((80 mU insulin/(m2.min)) at the Clinical Studies Unit at Mayo Clinic Arizona at 7-8 am after an overnight fast. A muscle biopsy will be taken before the insulin infusion, to serve as the resting biopsy (3). Biopsy specimens (150-300 mg) will be frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen and stored in liquid nitrogen until they are processed

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Euglycemic clamp
Description: On a separate day, subjects will have a two-hour euglycemic clamp ((80 mU insulin/(m2.min)) at the Clinical Studies Unit at Mayo Clinic Arizona at 7-8 am after an overnight fast. A muscle biopsy will be taken before the insulin infusion, to serve as the resting biopsy (3). Biopsy specimens (150-300 mg) will be frozen immediately in liquid nitrogen and stored in liquid nitrogen until they are processed

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: VO2max.
Description: VO2max.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: VO2max.
Description: VO2max.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: VO2max.
Description: VO2max.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: VO2max.
Description: VO2max.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Acute exercise bout
Description: The single acute exercise bout will be performed as described (3). It consists of 4 sets of 12 min each (8 min @ 70% VO2max, 2 min @ 90%, 2 min rest, repeat X 4). Biopsies are taken 30 min and 24 hr after end of exercise. Resting biopsies are taken on the glucose clamp day

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Acute exercise bout
Description: The single acute exercise bout will be performed as described (3). It consists of 4 sets of 12 min each (8 min @ 70% VO2max, 2 min @ 90%, 2 min rest, repeat X 4). Biopsies are taken 30 min and 24 hr after end of exercise. Resting biopsies are taken on the glucose clamp day

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Acute exercise bout
Description: The single acute exercise bout will be performed as described (3). It consists of 4 sets of 12 min each (8 min @ 70% VO2max, 2 min @ 90%, 2 min rest, repeat X 4). Biopsies are taken 30 min and 24 hr after end of exercise. Resting biopsies are taken on the glucose clamp day

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Acute exercise bout
Description: The single acute exercise bout will be performed as described (3). It consists of 4 sets of 12 min each (8 min @ 70% VO2max, 2 min @ 90%, 2 min rest, repeat X 4). Biopsies are taken 30 min and 24 hr after end of exercise. Resting biopsies are taken on the glucose clamp day

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Percutaneous needle muscle biopsies
Description: Skeletal muscle biopsies, blotted free from blood, are frozen within 30 seconds in liquid nitrogen, and stored in liquid nitrogen until processing. We routinely obtain 150-300 mg muscle (wet weight), which is more than sufficient for the analyses proposed, with some muscle remaining for any additional validation assays that may arise during the course of the research. Muscle will be processed either for isolation of mRNA/microRNA or protein, as described (2, 3, 12).

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Percutaneous needle muscle biopsies
Description: Skeletal muscle biopsies, blotted free from blood, are frozen within 30 seconds in liquid nitrogen, and stored in liquid nitrogen until processing. We routinely obtain 150-300 mg muscle (wet weight), which is more than sufficient for the analyses proposed, with some muscle remaining for any additional validation assays that may arise during the course of the research. Muscle will be processed either for isolation of mRNA/microRNA or protein, as described (2, 3, 12).

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Percutaneous needle muscle biopsies
Description: Skeletal muscle biopsies, blotted free from blood, are frozen within 30 seconds in liquid nitrogen, and stored in liquid nitrogen until processing. We routinely obtain 150-300 mg muscle (wet weight), which is more than sufficient for the analyses proposed, with some muscle remaining for any additional validation assays that may arise during the course of the research. Muscle will be processed either for isolation of mRNA/microRNA or protein, as described (2, 3, 12).

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Percutaneous needle muscle biopsies
Description: Skeletal muscle biopsies, blotted free from blood, are frozen within 30 seconds in liquid nitrogen, and stored in liquid nitrogen until processing. We routinely obtain 150-300 mg muscle (wet weight), which is more than sufficient for the analyses proposed, with some muscle remaining for any additional validation assays that may arise during the course of the research. Muscle will be processed either for isolation of mRNA/microRNA or protein, as described (2, 3, 12).