Study: NCT03442894

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Standard Physical Therapy Treatment
Description: All three groups will receive manual therapy and exercise interventions provided by their physical therapist. The exact dosage and choice of exercise and manual therapy techniques will not controlled in the study. Documentation of dosage and utilization rates of each will be captured for each patient session in order to determine if these variables influence outcomes. A full shoulder exam will be conducted per standard of care at this time as well. Manual therapy and exercise interventions will be selected to address impairments uncovered in the shoulder exam.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Standard Physical Therapy Treatment
Description: All three groups will receive manual therapy and exercise interventions provided by their physical therapist. The exact dosage and choice of exercise and manual therapy techniques will not controlled in the study. Documentation of dosage and utilization rates of each will be captured for each patient session in order to determine if these variables influence outcomes. A full shoulder exam will be conducted per standard of care at this time as well. Manual therapy and exercise interventions will be selected to address impairments uncovered in the shoulder exam.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Standard Physical Therapy Treatment
Description: All three groups will receive manual therapy and exercise interventions provided by their physical therapist. The exact dosage and choice of exercise and manual therapy techniques will not controlled in the study. Documentation of dosage and utilization rates of each will be captured for each patient session in order to determine if these variables influence outcomes. A full shoulder exam will be conducted per standard of care at this time as well. Manual therapy and exercise interventions will be selected to address impairments uncovered in the shoulder exam.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Dry Needling
Description: In addition to the standard PT interventions, the Dry Needling (DN) group will receive 6 DN sessions as part of their rehabilitation visits (they will occur at the same time). In 6 of the scheduled 10 visits, dry-needling intervention will be performed. They will have one DN session per week, which is consistent with typical clinical practice. After they complete their standard PT treatment, and while still in the clinic, the rotator cuff and periscapular muscles will be evaluated for the presence of MTrPs. Once located, the MTrPs will be treated with DN technique, as this is consistent with routine clinical practice. Potential muscles to receive TPDN treatment include the following: suprapsinatus, teres minor, infraspinatus, deltoid, upper trapezius, middle trapezius, levator scapula, pec major and pec minor.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Sham Dry Needling
Description: In addition to the standard PT treatment, patients in the sham DN group will receive what appears to be a DN treatment, but it will not be done with the acupuncture needles and the skin will not be punctured. The Sham DN procedure will be performed over the site of identified MTrPs using a guide tube and a toothpick. A guide tube is positioned firmly over the area to be treated and a toothpick is inserted in the guide tube. The clinician taps the toothpick to mimic the skin prick from a needle and the guide tube is removed. The clinician maintains pressure on the end of the toothpick and moves the end furthest from the skin in different directions to mimic the pistoning and changes in needle angle that occur in actual dry needling. Care will be taken to treat from 1-3 muscle groups for 5-10 seconds per MrTP identified.