Study: NCT03435692

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Lumbar Plexus Catheter
Description: lumbar plexus catheter placed intraoperatively for perioperative pain control

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Lumbar Epidural Catheter
Description: lumbar epidural catheter placed intraoperatively for perioperative pain control

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Patient Controlled Analgesia
Description: Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) was started post operatively for perioperative pain control

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Fentanyl
Description: Intravenous fentanyl was administered in the operating room for induction of anesthesia. Subsequent doses in the operating room were standardized to be given only for heart rate or blood pressure increases \> 20% above baseline and occurring more than 30 minutes after the block if applicable.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Fentanyl
Description: Intravenous fentanyl was administered in the operating room for induction of anesthesia. Subsequent doses in the operating room were standardized to be given only for heart rate or blood pressure increases \> 20% above baseline and occurring more than 30 minutes after the block if applicable.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Fentanyl
Description: Intravenous fentanyl was administered in the operating room for induction of anesthesia. Subsequent doses in the operating room were standardized to be given only for heart rate or blood pressure increases \> 20% above baseline and occurring more than 30 minutes after the block if applicable.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Morphine
Description: In the operating room patients, intravenous morphine was administered if patients had a failed block and standardized to be given only for heart rate or blood pressure increases \> 20% above baseline and after fentanyl had been administered. Intravenous Morphine was also administered in the operating room if the patient was randomized to the Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) arm of the study. Post operatively intravenous Morphine was administered as needed for severe pain.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Morphine
Description: In the operating room patients, intravenous morphine was administered if patients had a failed block and standardized to be given only for heart rate or blood pressure increases \> 20% above baseline and after fentanyl had been administered. Intravenous Morphine was also administered in the operating room if the patient was randomized to the Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) arm of the study. Post operatively intravenous Morphine was administered as needed for severe pain.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Morphine
Description: In the operating room patients, intravenous morphine was administered if patients had a failed block and standardized to be given only for heart rate or blood pressure increases \> 20% above baseline and after fentanyl had been administered. Intravenous Morphine was also administered in the operating room if the patient was randomized to the Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) arm of the study. Post operatively intravenous Morphine was administered as needed for severe pain.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Lorazepam
Description: Intravenous Lorazepam was administered as needed for muscle spasm post operatively.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Lorazepam
Description: Intravenous Lorazepam was administered as needed for muscle spasm post operatively.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Lorazepam
Description: Intravenous Lorazepam was administered as needed for muscle spasm post operatively.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ondansetron
Description: Intravenous Ondansetron was administered as needed for nausea and vomiting post operatively.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ondansetron
Description: Intravenous Ondansetron was administered as needed for nausea and vomiting post operatively.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ondansetron
Description: Intravenous Ondansetron was administered as needed for nausea and vomiting post operatively.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Diphenhydramine
Description: Intravenous Diphenhydramine was administered as needed for itching postoperatively.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Diphenhydramine
Description: Intravenous Diphenhydramine was administered as needed for itching postoperatively.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Diphenhydramine
Description: Intravenous Diphenhydramine was administered as needed for itching postoperatively.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Acetaminophen
Description: Oral Acetaminophen was administered as needed for pain in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and then scheduled for 72 hours.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Acetaminophen
Description: Oral Acetaminophen was administered as needed for pain in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and then scheduled for 72 hours.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Acetaminophen
Description: Oral Acetaminophen was administered as needed for pain in the Post-Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and then scheduled for 72 hours.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Oxycodone
Description: Oral Oxycodone was administered as needed for breakthrough pain post operatively.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Oxycodone
Description: Oral Oxycodone was administered as needed for breakthrough pain post operatively.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Oxycodone
Description: Oral Oxycodone was administered as needed for breakthrough pain post operatively.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ropivacaine
Description: Intravenous Ropivacaine was administered as part of the initial bolus after placement of the lumbar epidural or lumbar plexus catheter and then as a continuous infusion post operatively.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ropivacaine
Description: Intravenous Ropivacaine was administered as part of the initial bolus after placement of the lumbar epidural or lumbar plexus catheter and then as a continuous infusion post operatively.