Study: NCT01996449

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Eplerenone
Description: The subject will be started on Eplerenone (Inspra) 50-200mg daily, which he or she will continue for a period of 8 weeks. Following the 8-week treatment period, the procedures listed below will be performed. After completion of the study procedures, the medication will be discontinued

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Eplerenone
Description: The subject will be started on Eplerenone (Inspra) 50-200mg daily, which he or she will continue for a period of 8 weeks. Following the 8-week treatment period, the procedures listed below will be performed. After completion of the study procedures, the medication will be discontinued

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Amlodipine
Description: The subject will be started on Amlodipine (Norvasc) 2.5 -10mg daily, which he or she will continue for a period of 8 weeks. Following the 8-week treatment period, the procedures listed below will be performed. After completion of the study procedures, the medication will be discontinued.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Amlodipine
Description: The subject will be started on Amlodipine (Norvasc) 2.5 -10mg daily, which he or she will continue for a period of 8 weeks. Following the 8-week treatment period, the procedures listed below will be performed. After completion of the study procedures, the medication will be discontinued.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Microneurography
Description: Investigators will measure sympathetic nerve activity from the peroneal nerve by inserting a tiny needle directly into the nerve in the leg. Investigators will localize the nerve by electrical stimulation over the skin using a blunt probe. With this stimulation, subject will notice either involuntary twitching or a tingling sensation, which may be annoying but not painful. Investigators will then introduce a tiny, sterile wire needle (an electrode) through the skin at the same location. When the tip of the needle enters the nerve, subjects may again notice involuntary muscle twitches or tingling in the leg. Investigators will then turn the electrical stimulator off and make minor adjustments in the position of the needle until investigators begin to record the nerve signals. The recording needle will remain in position throughout the study.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Microneurography
Description: Investigators will measure sympathetic nerve activity from the peroneal nerve by inserting a tiny needle directly into the nerve in the leg. Investigators will localize the nerve by electrical stimulation over the skin using a blunt probe. With this stimulation, subject will notice either involuntary twitching or a tingling sensation, which may be annoying but not painful. Investigators will then introduce a tiny, sterile wire needle (an electrode) through the skin at the same location. When the tip of the needle enters the nerve, subjects may again notice involuntary muscle twitches or tingling in the leg. Investigators will then turn the electrical stimulator off and make minor adjustments in the position of the needle until investigators begin to record the nerve signals. The recording needle will remain in position throughout the study.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Rhythmic handgrip exercise
Description: Subjects will perform a rhythmic handgrip exercise at 30% or 45% of maximal voluntary contraction for 3 minutes. Investigators will measure cardiac output (non-invasive impedance plethysmography), blood pressure, and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) at baseline and following this handgrip exercise

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Rhythmic handgrip exercise
Description: Subjects will perform a rhythmic handgrip exercise at 30% or 45% of maximal voluntary contraction for 3 minutes. Investigators will measure cardiac output (non-invasive impedance plethysmography), blood pressure, and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) at baseline and following this handgrip exercise

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Sustained hand grip
Description: Subjects will perform a sustained handgrip exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction for 3 minutes. Investigators will measure cardiac output (non-invasive impedance plethysmography), blood pressure, and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) at baseline and following this handgrip exercise.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Sustained hand grip
Description: Subjects will perform a sustained handgrip exercise at 30% of maximal voluntary contraction for 3 minutes. Investigators will measure cardiac output (non-invasive impedance plethysmography), blood pressure, and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) at baseline and following this handgrip exercise.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Forearm blood flow
Description: Using high-resolution ultrasound, investigators will measure skeletal muscle blood flow in the forearm at rest, following sustained handgrip exercise

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Forearm blood flow
Description: Using high-resolution ultrasound, investigators will measure skeletal muscle blood flow in the forearm at rest, following sustained handgrip exercise

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Arm cycling exercise
Description: Subjects will perform a cycling arm exercise with a stationary cycling device. Investigators will measure cardiac output (non-invasive impedance plethysmography), blood pressure, and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) at baseline and following this exercise.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Arm cycling exercise
Description: Subjects will perform a cycling arm exercise with a stationary cycling device. Investigators will measure cardiac output (non-invasive impedance plethysmography), blood pressure, and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) at baseline and following this exercise.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cold Pressor test
Description: Subjects will place hand in cold water with ice for 3 minutes. Investigators will measure cardiac output (non-invasive impedance plethysmography), blood pressure, and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) at baseline, during and 2 minutes after the test.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cold Pressor test
Description: Subjects will place hand in cold water with ice for 3 minutes. Investigators will measure cardiac output (non-invasive impedance plethysmography), blood pressure, and sympathetic nerve activity (SNA) at baseline, during and 2 minutes after the test.