TrialPanorama/TrialPanorama-database huggingface dataset:
Study: NCT04406103

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Sleepwell
Description: Information intended to support capability, opportunity, and motivation for stopping sleeping pill use and using non-pharmacological approaches to managing insomnia.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Empower
Description: Information intended to support capability, opportunity, and motivation for stopping sleeping pill use and using non-pharmacological approaches to managing insomnia.
Study: NCT03801928

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Inflectra
Description: The study plans to recruit 300 subjects in the United States and Canada initiating or switching to treatment with INFLECTRA over an 8 month period. The decision to start INFLECTRA will be entirely a clinical decision made by the participating physician irrespective of this study.

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Inflectra
Description: The study plans to recruit 300 subjects in the United States and Canada initiating or switching to treatment with INFLECTRA over an 8 month period. The decision to start INFLECTRA will be entirely a clinical decision made by the participating physician irrespective of this study.
Study: NCT00465608

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: propranolol
Description: propranolol by mouth (per os)
Study: NCT03102294

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: inspiratory muscle training
Description: inspiratory muscle training with 50% of MIP

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo training
Description: placebo training with PowerBreathe (without inspiratory load)
Study: NCT02782845

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Chemotherapy
Description: The choice of CT will be as per standard of care and protocol does not specify any particular CT drug.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Immunochemotherapy
Description: The choice of ICT will be as per standard of care and protocol does not specify any particular ICT drug.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pegfilgrastim
Description: Pegfilgrastim will be administered at a fixed dose of 6 mg subcutaneously 24 hours after the last dose of CT or ICT is received for 6 cycles.
Study: NCT05320484

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Clinical Pilates Exercises
Description: clinical pilates exercises methods applied to the 1st group, classical posture exercises methods to the 2nd group for 3 days / week for 6 weeks.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Classic Posture exercise
Description: clinical pilates exercises methods applied to the 1st group, classical posture exercises methods to the 2nd group for 3 days / week for 6 weeks.
Study: NCT00292526

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Enalapril
Description: enalapril orally administered
Study: NCT02261207

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Axitinib
Description: Axitinib will be administered at the dose of 5mg twice a day, continuously. Treatment will be continued till evidence of progression, or toxicities or patient withdrawal.
Study: NCT00968773

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Rebound HRD
Description: Laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair using the Rebound HRD and no fixation

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Standard hernia mesh (VitaMesh)
Description: Laparoscopic TEP inguinal hernia repair using standard hernia mesh with fixation
Study: NCT02862977

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: ketoprofen and cyclobenzaprine association with caffeine
Description: The patient will take 2 tablets (combination of ketoprofen and cyclobenzaprine and caffeine), oral, per day, each 12h

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cyclobenzaprine with caffeine
Description: The patient will take 2 tablets (combination of cyclobenzaprine and caffeine), oral, per day, each 12h
Study: NCT02737319

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Rosuvastatin
Description: 40 mg of rosuvastatin before angioplasty
Study: NCT00484783

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES)
Description: Patients will have the standard laparoscopic procedure and the NOTES procedure will be added. The surgical procedure will require two operating teams: one led by a laparoscopic surgeon, the other by an endoscopic surgeon. During the usual course of the surgery, the flexible endoscope will be passed through the mouth urethra top gain access to the peritoneal cavity.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Natural Orifice Translumenal Endoscopic Surgery (NOTES)
Description: chart review of historical data from control group
Study: NCT02177630

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Endomyocardial Biopsy
Study: NCT01916486

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Exercise training
Description: The EX Program will provide objective progression in the guided exercises of each participant.
Study: NCT01781819

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: ARFI SVI Ultrasound Imaging
Description: Following a clinical renal ultrasound scan, the research scan using the ultrasound based acoustic radiation force impulse, or shear wave velocity imaging will be performed using standard approved ultrasound machines and transducers. This imaging will take approximately 5 to 10 minutes to complete.
Study: NCT04566341

Intervention type: DEVICE
Intervention: OCT - TCE
Description: Participants will be asked to swallow the TCE. They may use mild numbing spray, and lubrication spray to help swallowing. Imaging will be conducted once the TCE is past the pharynx. We will advance the TCE until the stomach and then slowly pull the TCE back up the esophagus. This may be repeated twice.
Study: NCT02178280

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: liver transplantation combined with neoadjuvant therapy
Description: liver transplantation combined with neoadjuvant radiochemotherapy
Study: NCT03861481

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Rozanolixizumab
Description: Subjects will receive rozanolixizumab in a specified sequence during the treatment period.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Subjects will receive placebo in a specified sequence during the treatment period.
Study: NCT01029158

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Juvista (Avotermin)
Description: 250 ng, twice, intradermal injection, standard formulation

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: RN1006 (Avotermin)
Description: 250 ng, intradermal injection, twice

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: RN1006 (Avotermin)
Description: 205 ng, Intradermal injection, once

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: RN1006 (Avotermin)
Description: 500ng, intradermal injection, once

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Juvista (Avotermin)
Description: 250 ng, intradermal injection, twice

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Juvista (Avotermin)
Description: 500 ng, intradermal injection, once

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Juvista (Avotermin)
Description: 500 ng, intradermal injection, once

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: RN1006 (Avotermin)
Description: 500 ng, intradermal injection, twice

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo
Study: NCT01916486

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Complex mental and social activities
Description: The Cog-Plus Program will engage participants in activities promoting cognitive function and socialization.
Study: NCT02409602

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Doppler ultrasonographic examination
Description: Dorsal clitoral artery Doppler ultrasonographic examinations will be performed regularly in 3rd and 6th months after delivery, in order to evaluate the possible effects of BIIAL on clitoral blood flow.
Study: NCT02416115

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ramosetron
Description: Ramosetron was given iv.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ramosetron
Description: Ramosetron was given iv.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Naloxone
Description: Naloxone added to PCA was given iv.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Naloxone
Description: Naloxone added to PCA was given iv.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: saline
Description: Saline was given iv.
Study: NCT01916486

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Control: stretching and relaxation program
Description: The CON Program consist of stretches, deep breathing and relaxation techniques, general posture education, and general core control exercises in the sitting position.
Study: NCT03961243

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: YUVA-GT-F901
Description: Lentiviral factor IX gene modified autologous hematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells
Study: NCT02416115

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Morphine
Description: Morphine in the PCA was given iv.
Study: NCT00531141

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: examination only
Description: OCT performed twice

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: examination only
Description: OCT performed twice

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: examination only
Description: OCT performed twice

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: examination only
Description: OCT performed twice
Study: NCT01524614

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: nasal mask
Description: nasal mask use instead of face mask

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: nasal mask
Description: nasal mask use instead of face mask

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: nasal mask
Description: nasal mask use instead of face mask
Study: NCT02209935

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Early Rehabilitation Protocol

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Usual care
Study: NCT03369665

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Mavenclad®
Description: Participants with Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis (RMS) received Mavenclad® 3.5 milligram per kilogram (mg/kg) of body weight over 2 years, administered as 1 treatment course of 1.75 mg/kg per year. Each treatment course consisted of 2 treatment weeks, one at the beginning of the first month and one at the beginning of the second month of the respective year.
Study: NCT02776046

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: High FiO2
Description: High FiO2 with a perioperative open lung strategy

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Conventional FiO2
Description: Conventional FiO2 with a perioperative open lung strategy
Study: NCT04669132

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Olanzapine
Description: - Olanzapine 5mg, administered once daily, during 5 days (day before chemotherapy, the D day of the chemotherapy and 3 day after chemotherapy)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Netupitant
Description: - Netupitanto 300 mg, once daily, on chemotherapy day;

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Palonesetron
Description: - Palonosetron 0.56 mg, once daily, on chemotherapy day;
Study: NCT01524614

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: nasal mask
Description: nasal mask use instead of face mask
Study: NCT00541970

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cervarix
Description: Intramuscular injection, different dosing /schedule

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cervarix
Description: Intramuscular injection, different dosing /schedule

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cervarix
Description: Intramuscular injection, different dosing /schedule

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cervarix
Description: Intramuscular injection, different dosing /schedule
Study: NCT03481907

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Nuvagen Collagen Powder
Description: Daily application of Nuvagen collagen powder for 2 to 4 weeks following wounding
Study: NCT00541970

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Intramuscular injection, different dosing /schedule

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Intramuscular injection, different dosing /schedule
Study: NCT03770858

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Crisaborole
Description: Subject to apply topical crisaborole twice daily to the affected atopic dermatitis areas
Study: NCT02374034

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Corrective exercise
Description: Participants were assigned to either the exercise group, which performed Egoscue corrective exercises for two weeks, or the control group, which did not receive any treatment for two weeks.
Study: NCT03587818

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: person-centred communication
Description: The intervention aimed to actively make use of a person-centred approach to support patients undergoing CRC surgery to be prepared for surgery, discharge and recovery in relation to CRC. This was accomplished through person-centred communication, which was based on a standardized dialogue tool with tailored written information material (component I), in combination with an approach for professionals to facilitate person-centred communication (component II) in consultations.
Study: NCT02219841

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: radiofrequency catheter ablation
Study: NCT00541970

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Intramuscular injection, different dosing /schedule
Study: NCT03770858

Intervention type: DEVICE
Intervention: Scratch sensor
Description: advanced, flexible and wearable skin sensor
Study: NCT02777411

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: EV71 vaccine ([0.5 μg total protein + adjuvant 150 μg AIPO4] per dose)
Description: Two vaccinations at 28 days apart
Study: NCT00622466

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: paclitaxel
Description: The chemotherapy drug called paclitaxel (Taxol) treats breast cancer, lung cancer, ovarian cancer and Kaposis sarcoma

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: sorafenib tosylate
Description: Sorafenib is a type of targeted therapy known as a kinase inhibitor used to treat advanced renal cell carcinoma and unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma
Study: NCT04852900

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Decompression with 30%
Description: * Hot Pack for 10 mins Soft Tissue Mobilization~* Muscle Strengthening~* Decompression with 30% The total time for the session will be 45 minutes and there will be 03 sessions/week for 6 weeks

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Decompression with 40%
Description: * Hot Pack for 10 mins Soft Tissue Mobilization~* Muscle Strengthening~* Decompression with 30% The total time for the session will be 45 minutes and there will be 03 sessions/week for 6 weeks

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Decompression with 50%
Description: * Hot Pack for 10 mins Soft Tissue Mobilization~* Muscle Strengthening~* Decompression with 30% The total time for the session will be 45 minutes and there will be 03 sessions/week for 6 weeks
Study: NCT02777411

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: EV71 vaccine ([1 μg total protein + adjuvant 150 μg AIPO4] per dose)
Description: Two vaccinations at 28 days apart

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: EV71 vaccine ([2 μg total protein + adjuvant 150 μg AIPO4] per dose)
Description: Two vaccinations at 28 days apart

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: EV71 vaccine (2 μg total protein per dose)
Description: Two vaccinations at 28 days apart

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: EV71 vaccine ([0.5 μg total protein + adjuvant 150 μg AIPO4] per dose)
Description: Two vaccinations at 28 days apart

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: EV71 vaccine ([1 μg total protein + adjuvant 150 μg AIPO4] per dose)
Description: Two vaccinations at 28 days apart
Study: NCT00616941

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NY-ESO-1 OLP4
Description: 1.0 mg of NY-ESO-1 OLP4 (0.25 mg of each overlapping peptide) was diluted in 0.5 mL of 5% dextrose in water (D5W) and administered subcutaneously as a single injection.

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NY-ESO-1 OLP4 + Montanide
Description: 1.0 mg of NY-ESO-1 OLP4 (0.25 mg of each overlapping peptide) was diluted in 0.5 mL of D5W, mixed with 0.5 mL of Montanide, and administered subcutaneously as a single injection.

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NY-ESO-1 OLP4 + Montanide + Poly-ICLC
Description: 1.0 mg of NY-ESO-1 OLP4 (0.25 mg of each overlapping peptide) and 1.4 mg of poly-ICLC were emulsified in 1.0 mL of Montanide and administered subcutaneously as two injections.
Study: NCT00667810

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: bapineuzumab
Description: Bapineuzumab 0.5 mg/kg administered by IV infusion approximately every 13 weeks through week 65.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: bapineuzumab
Description: Bapineuzumab 1.0 mg/kg administered by IV infusion approximately every 13 weeks through week 65.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: placebo
Description: Placebo will be administered by IV infusion approximately every 13 weeks through week 65.
Study: NCT02777411

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: EV71 vaccine (1 μg total protein per dose)
Description: Two vaccinations at 28 days apart
Study: NCT02901691

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: musical rhythmic stimulation

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: musical rhythmic stimulation
Study: NCT03269357

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: LARC forward structured contraceptive counselling
Description: Training of health care providers (HCPs), use of information material and counselling tools
Study: NCT00589797

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Activ-L Artificial Disc
Description: Implantation at one level of the lumbar spine, either L4/L5 or L5/S1.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: ProDisc-L Total Disc Replacement or Charité Artificial Disc
Description: Implantation at one level of the lumbar spine, either L4/L5 or L5/S1.
Study: NCT03084705

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Manumeter
Description: A manumeter is a first-of-its-kind magnetic sensor to wirelessly detect hand and arm movement in a socially acceptable and easy to don package. The study participants will wear a small magnet as a ring, and a sensing/logging wristband detects changes in the magnetic field as the ring moves; the wristband can detect arm accelerations.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Manumeter
Description: A manumeter is a first-of-its-kind magnetic sensor to wirelessly detect hand and arm movement in a socially acceptable and easy to don package. The study participants will wear a small magnet as a ring, and a sensing/logging wristband detects changes in the magnetic field as the ring moves; the wristband can detect arm accelerations.
Study: NCT01000506

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Mepolizumab 750
Description: Mepolizumab 750mg every four weeks by i.v.

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Mepolizumab 250
Description: Mepolizumab 250mg every four weeks by i.v.

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Mepolizumab 75
Description: Mepolizumab 75mg every four weeks by i.v.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo saline
Description: Placebo saline every four weeks by i.v.
Study: NCT04312503

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Lurasidone
Description: Patients are treated with dosages according clinical practice

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: aripiprazole, olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone
Description: Patients are treated with dosages according clinical practice
Study: NCT01397227

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ad35.CS.01/Ad26.CS.01 low dose (1 x 10^10 vp)
Description: Prime-boost schedule: Each subject receives two injections of Ad35.CS.01 (on Days 0 and 28) followed by one injection of Ad26.CS.01 (on either Day 55 or 59).
Study: NCT02416115

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Morphine
Description: Morphine in the PCA was given iv.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Morphine
Description: Morphine in the PCA was given iv.
Study: NCT01397227

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ad 35.CS.01/Ad 26.CS.01 high dose (5 x 10^10 vp)
Description: Prime-boost schedule: Each subject receives two injections of Ad35.CS.01 (on Days 0 and 28) followed by one injection of Ad26.CS.01 (on either Day 55 or 59).

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Each placebo subject receives in total three injections of placebo: Day 0, Day 28, and either Day 55 or 59

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Each placebo subject receives in total three injections of placebo: Day 0, Day 28, and either Day 55 or 59
Study: NCT02909660

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cognitive-behavioural therapy
Description: Empirically-supported psychological intervention for various mental health concerns including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Includes components to foster cognitive (i.e., thinking) and behavioural changes.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cognitive-behavioural therapy
Description: Empirically-supported psychological intervention for various mental health concerns including obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Includes components to foster cognitive (i.e., thinking) and behavioural changes.