Study: NCT03463083

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Dexmedetomidine
Description: All cases of spine surgery will be done under G.A with the patient in prone position. After surgery an epidural catheter will be placed through a separate skin puncture above the incision The catheter will be positioned up to 7 cm from skin entry directing downwards in the epidural space . Once the patient in the post-operative room will be noted to have pain (VAS) of\>4, the study will start. A test dose of 3 ml lignocaine with adrenaline will be injected the following parameters will be noted .~1. The pain score, by using VAS~2. Onset of analgesia (fall of VAS\<4 ).~3. Peak level of analgesia ( VAS score 0).~4. Duration of analgesia (once the patient asks fwith VAS\>4).~5. Monitoring of NIBP, pulse rate, respiratory rate every 30 min.~6. Side-effects such as nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, Motor blockade Bromage scale\>1 Also deep sedation Ramsay sedation scale\>3 , And shivering and hypotension.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Bupivacaine
Description: All cases of spine surgery will be done under G.A with the patient in prone position. After surgury an epidural catheter will be placed through a separate skin puncture above the incision The catheter will be positioned up to 7 cm from skin entry directing downwards in the epidural space . Once the patient in the post-operative room will be noted to have pain (VAS) of\>4, the study will start. A test dose of 3 ml lignocaine with adrenaline will be injected the following parameters will be noted .~1. The pain score, by using VAS~2. Onset of analgesia (fall of VAS\<4 ).~3. Peak level of analgesia ( VAS score 0).~4. Duration of analgesia (once the patient asks fwith VAS\>4).~5. Monitoring of NIBP, pulse rate, respiratory rate every 30 min.~6. Side-effects such as nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, Motor blockade Bromage scale\>1 Also deep sedation Ramsay sedation scale\>3 , And shivering and hypotension.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Bupivacaine
Description: All cases of spine surgery will be done under G.A with the patient in prone position. After surgury an epidural catheter will be placed through a separate skin puncture above the incision The catheter will be positioned up to 7 cm from skin entry directing downwards in the epidural space . Once the patient in the post-operative room will be noted to have pain (VAS) of\>4, the study will start. A test dose of 3 ml lignocaine with adrenaline will be injected the following parameters will be noted .~1. The pain score, by using VAS~2. Onset of analgesia (fall of VAS\<4 ).~3. Peak level of analgesia ( VAS score 0).~4. Duration of analgesia (once the patient asks fwith VAS\>4).~5. Monitoring of NIBP, pulse rate, respiratory rate every 30 min.~6. Side-effects such as nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, Motor blockade Bromage scale\>1 Also deep sedation Ramsay sedation scale\>3 , And shivering and hypotension.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Fentanyl
Description: All cases of spine surgery will be done under G.A with the patient in prone position. After surgury an epidural catheter will be placed through a separate skin puncture above the incision The catheter will be positioned up to 7 cm from skin entry directing downwards in the epidural space . Once the patient in the post-operative room will be noted to have pain (VAS) of\>4, the study will start. A test dose of 3 ml lignocaine with adrenaline will be injected the following parameters will be noted .~1. The pain score, by using VAS~2. Onset of analgesia (fall of VAS\<4 ).~3. Peak level of analgesia ( VAS score 0).~4. Duration of analgesia (once the patient asks fwith VAS\>4).~5. Monitoring of NIBP, pulse rate, respiratory rate every 30 min.~6. Side-effects such as nausea, vomiting, respiratory depression, Motor blockade Bromage scale\>1 Also deep sedation Ramsay sedation scale\>3 , And shivering and hypotension.