TrialPanorama/TrialPanorama-database huggingface dataset:
Study: NCT03643757

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Thoracic epidural analgesia
Description: Before the initiation of the procedure, in the intervention group epidural catheter was inserted by loss of resistance method at the level of T3-T7 with the help of an 18 G Thuohy needle (Pajunk, Geisingen, Germany) while the patient was on sitting position. A test dose of 2 ml, 2% Lidocaine HCL was administered through the catheter. Once, efficacy was confirmed, 10 ml bolus dose of 0.1% Bupivacaine was injected. Analgesia maintenance was provided by infusion of 0.1% Bupivacaine (0.1 ml/kg/hour) both intra- and postoperatively for 24 hours.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Thoracic epidural analgesia
Description: Before the initiation of the procedure, in the intervention group epidural catheter was inserted by loss of resistance method at the level of T3-T7 with the help of an 18 G Thuohy needle (Pajunk, Geisingen, Germany) while the patient was on sitting position. A test dose of 2 ml, 2% Lidocaine HCL was administered through the catheter. Once, efficacy was confirmed, 10 ml bolus dose of 0.1% Bupivacaine was injected. Analgesia maintenance was provided by infusion of 0.1% Bupivacaine (0.1 ml/kg/hour) both intra- and postoperatively for 24 hours.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Bupivacaine
Description: In addition to multimodal analgesia protocol, epidural bupivacaine was administered in TEA arm and pain relief was achieved by intravenous pethidine infusion in IVA arm.
Study: NCT02085473

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Tralokinumab 300 mg
Description: Participants will receive 300 milligram (mg) tralokinumab when delivered as a 2 milliliter (mL) subcutaneous injection at different flow rates.

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tralokinumab 300 mg
Description: Participants will receive 300 milligram (mg) tralokinumab when delivered as a 2 milliliter (mL) subcutaneous injection at different flow rates.

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tralokinumab 300 mg
Description: Participants will receive 300 milligram (mg) tralokinumab when delivered as a 2 milliliter (mL) subcutaneous injection at different flow rates.

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tralokinumab 300 mg
Description: Participants will receive 300 milligram (mg) tralokinumab when delivered as a 2 milliliter (mL) subcutaneous injection at different flow rates.
Study: NCT03981718

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Fat grafting
Description: Lipoaspirates will be collected from the own subjects abdominal fat tissue, during the 2nd stage breast reconstruction and will be injected on each affected breast during the insertion of the permanent breast implant in the 2nd stage of breast reconstruction

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Fat grafting
Description: Lipoaspirates will be collected from the own subjects abdominal fat tissue, during the 2nd stage breast reconstruction and will be injected on each affected breast during the insertion of the permanent breast implant in the 2nd stage of breast reconstruction
Study: NCT04711486

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Contraloid acetate
Description: Oral administration of drug substance capsules

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Oral administration of placebo without any exipients.
Study: NCT01473615

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy
Description: A manualized 8-week MBCT group skills program with weekly sessions that each last 2 hours. The MBCT sessions combine elements of cognitive therapy with a mindful approach to thoughts and feelings, including a significant meditation component. The program is specifically tailored to a population that suffers from active depressive symptoms and chronic pain. The program also includes daily homework exercises.
Study: NCT02039544

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Xuebi formula

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: placebo
Study: NCT03558282

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Recession Observation
Description: Soft tissue measurements

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Intervention: Crown Contour Observation
Description: Ultrasound measures of implant crown contour.
Study: NCT04919733

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Fluoroscopy reduction
Description: To decrease, using 3-D mapping systems, the amount of fluoroscopy needed to implant a CIED
Study: NCT01498562

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Gefitinib and Nimotuzumab
Description: Combination therapy group: Gefitinib(250mg daily) + Nimotuzumab (200mg weekly)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Gefitinib
Description: Mono-therapy group: Gefitinib(250mg daily)
Study: NCT01719588

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: No intervention
Description: This is an observational study. Prolonged release tapentadol hydrochloride will be administered as per the recommended doses approved in Philippines. The recommended oral starting dose is 50 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 200 mg, or 250 mg every 12 hours, with or without food depending on the initial pain intensity and thereafter, the dose will be adjusted to maintain adequate analgesia with acceptable tolerability. The dosing regimen will be individualized according to the severity of pain being treated, the previous treatment experience, and the ability to monitor patients.
Study: NCT01242371

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Probiotic Supplement
Description: Probiotic Supplement 1 tablet by mouth daily

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Identical-appearing Placebo
Description: Probiotic identical placebo 1 tablet by mouth daily
Study: NCT01195207

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CNTO 3157 or placebo
Description: 0.003 mg/kg CNTO 3157 or placebo infusion

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CNTO 3157 or placebo
Description: 0.03 mg/kg CNTO 3157 or placebo infusion

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CNTO 3157 or placebo
Description: 10 mg/kg CNTO 3157 or placebo infusion

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CNTO 3157 or placebo
Description: 0.01 mg/kg CNTO 3157 or placebo infusion

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CNTO 3157 or placebo
Description: 1 mg/kg CNTO 3157 or placebo infusion

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CNTO 3157 or placebo
Description: 3 mg/kg CNTO 3157 or placebo infusion

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CNTO 3157 or placebo
Description: 0.3 mg/kg CNTO 3157 or placebo infusion

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CNTO 3157 or placebo
Description: 0.1 mg/kg CNTO 3157 or placebo infusion
Study: NCT02827032

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MobiusHD™
Description: The MobiusHD device is a self-expanding nitinol implant that is delivered intravascularly to the internal carotid sinus via the delivery catheter.
Study: NCT01407276

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Omarigliptin
Description: Single oral dose of 3 mg (3 x 1-mg capsules)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Omarigliptin
Description: Single oral dose of 3 mg (3 x 1-mg capsules)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Omarigliptin
Description: Single oral dose of 3 mg (3 x 1-mg capsules)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Omarigliptin
Description: Single oral dose of 3 mg (3 x 1-mg capsules)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Omarigliptin
Description: Single oral dose of 3 mg (3 x 1-mg capsules)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Omarigliptin
Description: Single oral dose of 3 mg (3 x 1-mg capsules)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Omarigliptin
Description: Single oral dose of 3 mg (3 x 1-mg capsules)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Omarigliptin
Description: Single oral dose of 3 mg (3 x 1-mg capsules)
Study: NCT04370535

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: cellulose
Description: The subjects of group A and group C receive boxes containing placebo for supplementation for a total of 12 weeks.
Study: NCT04641533

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: L-PRF + DPSC
Description: After surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars, extraction sockets were filled with L-PRF membranes + DPSCs.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: L-PRF
Description: After surgical removal of impacted contralateral mandibular third molars, each extraction sockets were only filled with L-PRF membranes.
Study: NCT02910726

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: indocyanine green (ICG)
Study: NCT00370097

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: FLOVENT (fluticasone propionate) HFA
Description: FLOVENT HFA consists of a white to off-white suspension of FP (micronized) in a liquefied hydrofluoroalkane propellant, 1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane. Subject will receive FP HFA using an Aerochamber Plus with Infant Mask.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo HFA
Description: Subjects will receive FP-matched placebo using an Aerochamber Plus with Infant Mask.
Study: NCT00783328

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PF-00299804
Description: Dosage form: 5 mg and 20 mg tablet Dosage: 15 mg, 30 mg and 45 mg, orally, once daily Number of Cycles: until progression or unacceptable toxicity develops.
Study: NCT03170609

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Multivalent group B streptococcus vaccine
Description: Various formulations at three dose levels

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Multivalent group B streptococcus vaccine
Description: Various formulations at three dose levels

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Multivalent group B streptococcus vaccine
Description: Various formulations at three dose levels

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Multivalent group B streptococcus vaccine
Description: Various formulations at three dose levels

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Multivalent group B streptococcus vaccine
Description: Various formulations at three dose levels

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Multivalent group B streptococcus vaccine
Description: Various formulations at three dose levels

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Saline Control
Study: NCT02735473

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Choline bitartrate

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Study: NCT01979237

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: SPASO method and FARES method
Description: SPASO method and FARES method as shoulder dislocation reduction methods
Study: NCT01900860

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Vitamin D
Description: Three different doses of vitamin D will be administered in a double-blinded fashion. The three doses are 400, 4000, or 10,000 IU/day

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Vitamin D
Description: Three different doses of vitamin D will be administered in a double-blinded fashion. The three doses are 400, 4000, or 10,000 IU/day

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Vitamin D
Description: Three different doses of vitamin D will be administered in a double-blinded fashion. The three doses are 400, 4000, or 10,000 IU/day
Study: NCT00032630

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Coronary artery bypass - on-pump
Description: CABG procedure performed on heart lung machine

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Coronary artery bypass - off-pump
Description: CABG procedure performed without the use of the heart lung machine
Study: NCT02237040

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Mandibular manipulation technique
Description: patients are treated with The mandibular manipulation technique reported by Farrar, which was an effective treatment method to reset the physiological positional relationship between condyle and disc.Then patients are told to persist in mouth opening training at home everyday. The mouth opening training is performed as follow: patients are told to try to close his mouth in intercuspal position at first, then open their mouth as wide as possible(the reference maximal mouth opening is as wide as the mouth opening after treatment in last time), then close back to the intercuspal position again.
Study: NCT00701571

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Virtual Reality distraction
Description: Virtual Reality involves the participant wearing a helmet with sight and sound. the visual provided is a type of immersive video game, the game used is Snow World. In some cases the participant will be exposed to 3D representation of the game, and in other cases a lower tech version with less immersive qualities.
Study: NCT00543998

Intervention type: DEVICE
Intervention: Optical Measurement transillumination
Description: Optical Measurement of sinus
Study: NCT01880905

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Measure of uteroovarian ligament length during gynecological surgery
Study: NCT00350779

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: sitagliptin
Description: Sitagliptin 100mg tablet each day for 54 weeks. All subjects will be given placebo to sitagliptin for a 2 week period.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Comparator: Placebo
Description: Placebo to sitagliptin 100mg tablet each day for 54 weeks.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: rosiglitazone
Description: Subjects taking 4mg or greater rosiglitazone at screening will enter a 6 week stable dose period followed by a 54 week treatment period. Subjects who are taking less than 4mg/day or no rosiglitazone at screening will be titrated to a stable dose of at least 4mg over a a maximum of 8 weeks followed by a dose stable period of up to 12 weeks then a 54 week treatment period. Total treatment will be up to 77 weeks.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: rosiglitazone
Description: Subjects taking 4mg or greater rosiglitazone at screening will enter a 6 week stable dose period followed by a 54 week treatment period. Subjects who are taking less than 4mg/day or no rosiglitazone at screening will be titrated to a stable dose of at least 4mg over a a maximum of 8 weeks followed by a dose stable period of up to 12 weeks then a 54 week treatment period. Total treatment will be up to 77 weeks.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: metformin
Description: Subjects taking 1500mg or greater metformin at screening will enter a 6 week stable dose period followed by a 54 week treatment period. Subjects who are taking less than 1500mg/day or no metformin at screening will be titrated to a stable dose of at least 1500mg over a a maximum of 8 weeks followed by a dose stable period of up to 12 weeks then a 54 week treatment period. Total treatment will be up to 77 weeks.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: metformin
Description: Subjects taking 1500mg or greater metformin at screening will enter a 6 week stable dose period followed by a 54 week treatment period. Subjects who are taking less than 1500mg/day or no metformin at screening will be titrated to a stable dose of at least 1500mg over a a maximum of 8 weeks followed by a dose stable period of up to 12 weeks then a 54 week treatment period. Total treatment will be up to 77 weeks.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: glipizide
Description: Subjects not meeting specific glycemic controls during the 54-week treatment period will use glipizide as rescue therapy. Glipizide will be titrated in 5mg doses up to a maximum 40mg each day. (In Canada, the rescue therapy will be a sulfonylurea agent marketed in that country.)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: glipizide
Description: Subjects not meeting specific glycemic controls during the 54-week treatment period will use glipizide as rescue therapy. Glipizide will be titrated in 5mg doses up to a maximum 40mg each day. (In Canada, the rescue therapy will be a sulfonylurea agent marketed in that country.)
Study: NCT00280813

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Supportive Treatment in Addiction Recovery (STAR)
Study: NCT02152215

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Acellular dermal matrix membrane
Description: The surgical procedure will consist of a full-thickness papilla preservation flap performed on the buccal and a full thickness flap on the palatal to expose the alveolar ridge and the tooth to be extracted. The group will receive an intrasocket cancellous particulate allograft plus a facial overlay graft using a bovine xenograft covered by an acellular dermal matrix, composed of human connective tissue matrix.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Polylactic acid membrane
Description: The surgical procedure will consist of a full-thickness papilla preservation flap performed on the buccal and a full thickness flap on the palatal to expose the alveolar ridge and the tooth to be extracted. The group will receive intrasocket cancellous particulate allograft plus a facial overlay graft using a bovine xenograft, covered by a bioabsorbable membrane made of polylactic acid and a citric acid ester
Study: NCT04370535

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: PMA-zeolite
Description: The subjects of group B and group D receive boxes containing PMA-zeolite for supplementation for a total of 12 weeks.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: PMA-zeolite
Description: The subjects of group B and group D receive boxes containing PMA-zeolite for supplementation for a total of 12 weeks.
Study: NCT00336336

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: n-3 PUFA
Description: 1 g die per os
Study: NCT00821015

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pulmonary vein isolation with cryoballoon catheter
Description: For each patient, the balloon catheter will be advanced to the ostium of each pulmonary vein. Once location has been optimized, the balloon will be inflated, and cryoenergy delivery will be initiated. Because the entire surface of the balloon acts as an ablative surface, circumferential ablation of each pulmonary vein will be achieved concurrently. This will be completed for each pulmonary vein for each patient.
Study: NCT00784056

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Lactic Acid (Dermacyd PH_DETINLYN Tangerine Mix)
Description: Lactic Acid (Dermacyd PH_DETINLYN Tangerine Mix)
Study: NCT01349127

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: 20µg Vitamin D3
Description: 20µg (800IU) of vitamin D3/day for 12-weeks while lactating, commencing 10-14 days post-partum.

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: 20µg Vitamin D3 + 500 mg Calcium
Description: 20µg (800IU) of vitamin D3 + 500mg calcium carbonate/day for 12-weeks while lactating, commencing 10-14 days post-partum.

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: One gelatin placebo capsule containing zero vitamin D3 taken for 12-weeks while lactating, commencing 10-14 days post-partum.
Study: NCT03406624

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Biopsy
Description: Biopsies will be taken from disc and / or endplates during elective lumbar fusion surgery or disc herniation surgery (endplate biopsy is omitted in disc herniation surgery)

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Biopsy
Description: Biopsies will be taken from disc and / or endplates during elective lumbar fusion surgery or disc herniation surgery (endplate biopsy is omitted in disc herniation surgery)

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Biopsy
Description: Biopsies will be taken from disc and / or endplates during elective lumbar fusion surgery or disc herniation surgery (endplate biopsy is omitted in disc herniation surgery)

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Biopsy
Description: Biopsies will be taken from disc and / or endplates during elective lumbar fusion surgery or disc herniation surgery (endplate biopsy is omitted in disc herniation surgery)
Study: NCT00336336

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Rosuvastatin
Description: 10 mg die per os
Study: NCT03230838

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ceftolozane/Tazobactam
Description: 12 to \<18 years of age: Ceftolozane 1 g/dose; Tazobactam 0.5 g/dose via a 60-minute (±10 minutes) IV infusion every 8 hours for 7-14 days. \<12 years of age: Ceftolozane 20 mg/kg with Tazobactam 10 mg/kg (not to exceed Ceftolozane 1 g and Tazobactam 0.5 g) via a 60-minute (±10 minutes) IV infusion every 8 hours for 7-14 days.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Meropenem
Description: Meropenem 20 mg/kg (maximum 1 g/dose) administered IV every 8 hours for between 7 to 14 days.
Study: NCT00336336

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: 1 gram c. per os
Study: NCT02676635

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ergonomics training and/or Safety Voice training
Description: Ergonomics training will focus on ergonomic principles specific to masonry such as goals of ergonomics, common musculoskeletal disorders among masons, modifiable work factors and risk factors, hazard analysis, hierarchy of controls, and current ergonomic solutions for masonry. Safety Voice training will focus on development of skills such as self-direction, self-control, accountability, responsibility, communication strategies, and leadership that can help them to develop a safety voice about safety in general, and ergonomics specifically.
Study: NCT00336336

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: 10 mg c. per os
Study: NCT01077102

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Eccentric exercise training
Description: The eccentric exercise training will be performed using a specially built cycle ergo meter where the pedals are driven in backward direction by an electric motor, which has to overcome the adjustable resistance of the electromagnetic brake. During eccentric cycle ergometry patients have to resist the turning pedals.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Eccentric exercise training
Description: The eccentric exercise training will be performed using a specially built cycle ergo meter where the pedals are driven in backward direction by an electric motor, which has to overcome the adjustable resistance of the electromagnetic brake. During eccentric cycle ergometry patients have to resist the turning pedals.