Study: NCT01704664

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Early postoperative enteral nutrition, based on standard elementary diet (Peptisorb)
Description: Early postoperative enteral nutrition with standard elementary diet (Peptisorb), will start 20 hours post-surgery. The initial flow rate will be 8 ml/h, which will increase gradually, with the volume doubled every 24 hours, up to 100 ml/h. The enteral nutrition wil be continued for six days. During the initial five days post-surgery, the patients will be additionally supplemented parenterally via peripheral veins (commercially available two-chamber bag for peripheral access with 480 kcal of energetic value and 5.7g of N contained in standard amino acids).

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Early postoperative enteral nutrition, based on standard elementary diet (Peptisorb)
Description: Early postoperative enteral nutrition with standard elementary diet (Peptisorb), will start 20 hours post-surgery. The initial flow rate will be 8 ml/h, which will increase gradually, with the volume doubled every 24 hours, up to 100 ml/h. The enteral nutrition wil be continued for six days. During the initial five days post-surgery, the patients will be additionally supplemented parenterally via peripheral veins (commercially available two-chamber bag for peripheral access with 480 kcal of energetic value and 5.7g of N contained in standard amino acids).

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Early postoperative enteral nutrition, based on standard elementary diet (Peptisorb)
Description: Early postoperative enteral nutrition with standard elementary diet (Peptisorb), will start 20 hours post-surgery. The initial flow rate will be 8 ml/h, which will increase gradually, with the volume doubled every 24 hours, up to 100 ml/h. The enteral nutrition wil be continued for six days. During the initial five days post-surgery, the patients will be additionally supplemented parenterally via peripheral veins (commercially available two-chamber bag for peripheral access with 480 kcal of energetic value and 5.7g of N contained in standard amino acids).

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: glutamine
Description: The nutritional therapy of group II patients will start post-surgery. It will be based on early enteral nutrition with elementary diet (Peptisorb) with simultaneous parenteral nutrition with two-chamber bag with 480 kcal energetic value and 5.7g of N contained in standard amino acids administered via peripheral veins. Additionally, glutamine (100 ml of Dipeptiven) will be added to the two-chamber bag. The parenteral nutrition will be administered for five days.

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: oral diet enriched with arginine (Cubitan)
Description: Preoperatively, group III patients will be given commercially available oral diet enriched with arginine (Cubitan, 1 package 3 times per day). Additionally, they were administered commercially available two-chamber bag with 480 kcal energetic value and 5.7g of N in standard amino acids via peripheral access. The duration of pre-operative preparatory phase ranged between 5 and 10 days (8 days on average). Enteral nutrition with commercially available arginine-containing diet (Cubison) will start 20 hours post-surgery at an 8 ml/h flow rate; the rate will increase gradually, with the volume doubled every 24 hours, up to 100 ml/h and continued for six days. Simultaneously, commercially available two-chamber bags for peripheral access with composition identical to that used preoperatively will be administered via peripheral veins for five days.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Perioperative parenteral immunonutrition (Dipeptiven, Omegaven)
Description: Nutritional therapy of group IV will based on intravenous preparations. Two-chamber bags with 480 kcal energetic value and 5.7 g of N in standard amino acids were administered preoperatively. A solution of glutamine (Dipeptiven, 100 ml) and ω3-fatty acids (Omegaven, 100 ml) will be added to the bags. The duration of pre-operative preparatory phase ranged between 5 and 10 days (8 days on average). Enteral nutrition with elementary commercially available diet (Peptisorb) will be begun 20 hours post-surgery; it will start at an 8 ml/h flow rate and increased gradually, with the volume doubled every 24 hours, up to 100 ml/h. The enteral nutrition was continued for six days. During the initial five days post-surgery, the patients will be additionally supplemented parenterally via peripheral veins; similarly to the preoperative period, the content of two-chamber bag for peripheral access enriched with glutamine and ω3-fatty acids will be administered for five days.