Study: NCT03251586

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - infra-orbital electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The conventional electrode montage, the infra-orbital electrode montage, has the active electrode placed directly inferior to the eye and the reference electrode placed 2-3 cm below the active on the cheek. This electrode montage may result in reference contamination, which will cause an artificially reduced amplitude response, as a portion of the response can be measured by the reference electrode.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - infra-orbital electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The conventional electrode montage, the infra-orbital electrode montage, has the active electrode placed directly inferior to the eye and the reference electrode placed 2-3 cm below the active on the cheek. This electrode montage may result in reference contamination, which will cause an artificially reduced amplitude response, as a portion of the response can be measured by the reference electrode.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - infra-orbital electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The conventional electrode montage, the infra-orbital electrode montage, has the active electrode placed directly inferior to the eye and the reference electrode placed 2-3 cm below the active on the cheek. This electrode montage may result in reference contamination, which will cause an artificially reduced amplitude response, as a portion of the response can be measured by the reference electrode.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - infra-orbital electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The conventional electrode montage, the infra-orbital electrode montage, has the active electrode placed directly inferior to the eye and the reference electrode placed 2-3 cm below the active on the cheek. This electrode montage may result in reference contamination, which will cause an artificially reduced amplitude response, as a portion of the response can be measured by the reference electrode.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - infra-orbital electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The conventional electrode montage, the infra-orbital electrode montage, has the active electrode placed directly inferior to the eye and the reference electrode placed 2-3 cm below the active on the cheek. This electrode montage may result in reference contamination, which will cause an artificially reduced amplitude response, as a portion of the response can be measured by the reference electrode.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - infra-orbital electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The conventional electrode montage, the infra-orbital electrode montage, has the active electrode placed directly inferior to the eye and the reference electrode placed 2-3 cm below the active on the cheek. This electrode montage may result in reference contamination, which will cause an artificially reduced amplitude response, as a portion of the response can be measured by the reference electrode.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - infra-orbital electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The conventional electrode montage, the infra-orbital electrode montage, has the active electrode placed directly inferior to the eye and the reference electrode placed 2-3 cm below the active on the cheek. This electrode montage may result in reference contamination, which will cause an artificially reduced amplitude response, as a portion of the response can be measured by the reference electrode.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - infra-orbital electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The conventional electrode montage, the infra-orbital electrode montage, has the active electrode placed directly inferior to the eye and the reference electrode placed 2-3 cm below the active on the cheek. This electrode montage may result in reference contamination, which will cause an artificially reduced amplitude response, as a portion of the response can be measured by the reference electrode.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - belly-tendon electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The belly-tendon electrode montage consists of an active electrode placed laterally to the midline of the lower eyelid and a reference electrode placed on the inner canthus. This reference location is believed to be electrically neutral, and should therefore result in larger amplitude responses as the response would not be subject to reference contamination.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - belly-tendon electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The belly-tendon electrode montage consists of an active electrode placed laterally to the midline of the lower eyelid and a reference electrode placed on the inner canthus. This reference location is believed to be electrically neutral, and should therefore result in larger amplitude responses as the response would not be subject to reference contamination.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - belly-tendon electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The belly-tendon electrode montage consists of an active electrode placed laterally to the midline of the lower eyelid and a reference electrode placed on the inner canthus. This reference location is believed to be electrically neutral, and should therefore result in larger amplitude responses as the response would not be subject to reference contamination.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - belly-tendon electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The belly-tendon electrode montage consists of an active electrode placed laterally to the midline of the lower eyelid and a reference electrode placed on the inner canthus. This reference location is believed to be electrically neutral, and should therefore result in larger amplitude responses as the response would not be subject to reference contamination.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - belly-tendon electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The belly-tendon electrode montage consists of an active electrode placed laterally to the midline of the lower eyelid and a reference electrode placed on the inner canthus. This reference location is believed to be electrically neutral, and should therefore result in larger amplitude responses as the response would not be subject to reference contamination.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - belly-tendon electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The belly-tendon electrode montage consists of an active electrode placed laterally to the midline of the lower eyelid and a reference electrode placed on the inner canthus. This reference location is believed to be electrically neutral, and should therefore result in larger amplitude responses as the response would not be subject to reference contamination.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - belly-tendon electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The belly-tendon electrode montage consists of an active electrode placed laterally to the midline of the lower eyelid and a reference electrode placed on the inner canthus. This reference location is believed to be electrically neutral, and should therefore result in larger amplitude responses as the response would not be subject to reference contamination.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: oVEMP - belly-tendon electrode montage
Description: oVEMPs are short latency (\~10 ms) stimulus-synchronized extra-ocular muscle reflexes produced in response to appropriate stimuli. The response is believed to originate from excitation of the utricular macula with the subsequent neural response relayed to the brain by the superior portion of the vestibular nerve. Changes in the electrical field of the contralateral inferior oblique muscle can be recorded by an electrode placed at the infra-ocular midline of the lower lid while having the subject gaze upward. The belly-tendon electrode montage consists of an active electrode placed laterally to the midline of the lower eyelid and a reference electrode placed on the inner canthus. This reference location is believed to be electrically neutral, and should therefore result in larger amplitude responses as the response would not be subject to reference contamination.