Study: NCT02893267

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Description: The stimulation system includes an external stimulator, percutaneous lead and pad. The stimulator snaps onto the pad. The pad has an embedded power source but also serves as the anode. The 1-channel stimulator outputs a biphasic current waveform with current pulse parameter ranges suitable for PNS. The percutaneous lead is inserted using an introducer (like a hypodermic needle) which is withdrawn and the lead is retained in the muscle by a barb at its tip. After a 1-week stabilization period, stimulation is initiated (6 hrs/day). The duty cycle and daily dose remain constant, but stimulus parameters may be adjusted by the research staff as deemed appropriate. The treatment period is 3 weeks after which the lead will be removed. Total time of electrode implantation is no more than 29 days.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Peripheral Nerve Stimulation
Description: The stimulation system includes an external stimulator, percutaneous lead and pad. The stimulator snaps onto the pad. The pad has an embedded power source but also serves as the anode. The 1-channel stimulator outputs a biphasic current waveform with current pulse parameter ranges suitable for PNS. The percutaneous lead is inserted using an introducer (like a hypodermic needle) which is withdrawn and the lead is retained in the muscle by a barb at its tip. After a 1-week stabilization period, stimulation is initiated (6 hrs/day). The duty cycle and daily dose remain constant, but stimulus parameters may be adjusted by the research staff as deemed appropriate. The treatment period is 3 weeks after which the lead will be removed. Total time of electrode implantation is no more than 29 days.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Physical Therapy
Description: Participants will receive 8 60-minute sessions of outpatient therapy over a 4 week period concurrent with PNS or sham-PNS treatment. Therapy may include: Proper Positioning and Handling, Therapeutic positioning and Strengthening Exercises, Mirror Therapy, Task-specific Therapy, Home Exercise Program, and a Mental Practice program.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Physical Therapy
Description: Participants will receive 8 60-minute sessions of outpatient therapy over a 4 week period concurrent with PNS or sham-PNS treatment. Therapy may include: Proper Positioning and Handling, Therapeutic positioning and Strengthening Exercises, Mirror Therapy, Task-specific Therapy, Home Exercise Program, and a Mental Practice program.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Sham-PT
Description: Participants randomized to sham-PT will receive 8 60-minute sessions with therapists with the goal of controlling for the effect of regular contact with a therapist and study staff in a therapeutic environment. Participants will undergo a hands-on evaluation and re-evaluation before and after treatment. Therapists will provide sham ultrasound therapy and light application of inert gel to the shoulder for 10 minutes, Pre-Gait Training or Gait training, Exercise therapy, and relaxation therapy.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Sham-PNS
Description: The stimulation system includes an external stimulator, percutaneous lead and pad. The stimulator snaps onto the pad. The pad has an embedded power source.The stimulator will appear to function as normal though will not deliver electrical current to the electrode. The subjects will be prescribed 6 hours of sham-stimulation per day for 3 weeks.