Study: NCT04573387

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Operation
Description: All participants are treated with burr-hole craniotomy and a drainage system as follows. Participants undergo surgical procedure under local anesthesia in the hemisphere with a lateral position, but general anesthesia is performed when participant cannot tolerate the operation. A single 1.5 cm burr hole is drilled over the maximum width of the hematoma cavity. After coagulating with bipolar diathermy, dura mater is opened with a cruciate incision. A soft catheter is placed carefully in all directions of the hematoma cavity for irrigating subdural collections with 1,000 mL warm Ringer's lactate saline until clarification. The drainage catheter is inserted ½ length of the maximum diameter of the hematoma cavity toward the frontal region. After the skin is closed, the catheter was connected to a soft collection bag that is placed under the head for passive drainage. During the drainage period, participants stay in bed until the drain is removed.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Operation
Description: All participants are treated with burr-hole craniotomy and a drainage system as follows. Participants undergo surgical procedure under local anesthesia in the hemisphere with a lateral position, but general anesthesia is performed when participant cannot tolerate the operation. A single 1.5 cm burr hole is drilled over the maximum width of the hematoma cavity. After coagulating with bipolar diathermy, dura mater is opened with a cruciate incision. A soft catheter is placed carefully in all directions of the hematoma cavity for irrigating subdural collections with 1,000 mL warm Ringer's lactate saline until clarification. The drainage catheter is inserted ½ length of the maximum diameter of the hematoma cavity toward the frontal region. After the skin is closed, the catheter was connected to a soft collection bag that is placed under the head for passive drainage. During the drainage period, participants stay in bed until the drain is removed.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Fixed-time drainage
Description: All participants will be treated with a one-burr-hole craniotomy with irrigation and a closed drainage system. The drainage will be removed after 48 hours.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Exhaustive drainage
Description: All participants will be treated with a one-burr-hole craniotomy with irrigation and a closed drainage system. If the computed tomography (CT) scan on the first day after surgery indicates that the affected brain region shows sufficient re-expansion, the drainage catheter will be removed when drainage ceases. If subdural collections remain in the hematoma cavity, the participant will be treated with 30,000 U urokinase injection into the hematoma cavity through the catheter. The catheter will be closed and reopened in 1.5-2 hours, and a CT scan will be performed when drainage ceases. If the CT scan shows sufficient re-expansion of the brain, the catheter will be removed. However, if the brain does not show good re-expansion and there is still a residual subdural collection, the above steps will be repeated. If the participant is subjected to urokinase injection for 3 times, the catheter will be removed when drainage ceases.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Postoperative computed tomography
Description: All participants undergo a CT scan before the drain is removed, and the last CT scan will be performed before the patient is discharged from the hospital.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Postoperative computed tomography
Description: All participants undergo a CT scan before the drain is removed, and the last CT scan will be performed before the patient is discharged from the hospital.