Study: NCT02501746

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Usual Clinical Care
Description: Non-hypertensive diabetic individuals will not be pharmacologically treated for BP reduction; those with BP 120-139/80-89 will be advised on lifestyle changes to reduce BP as recommended by the 2013 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Care will be provided to each individual at the rural health facility by a rural clinician mentored by the CDM Program, including regular monthly consultation, vital signs, physical examination, and prescriptions. CHWs will assist with linkage and retention of patients to the care program, and provide health education. The 12-month follow-up BP will be measured in the rural health facility, in order to mimic real-world practice. If the patient does not present to the rural health facility for the 12-month visit, the local CHW will trace the patient at home and will check the 12-month BP at that time, again consistent with real-world conditions.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Usual Clinical Care
Description: Non-hypertensive diabetic individuals will not be pharmacologically treated for BP reduction; those with BP 120-139/80-89 will be advised on lifestyle changes to reduce BP as recommended by the 2013 Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Care will be provided to each individual at the rural health facility by a rural clinician mentored by the CDM Program, including regular monthly consultation, vital signs, physical examination, and prescriptions. CHWs will assist with linkage and retention of patients to the care program, and provide health education. The 12-month follow-up BP will be measured in the rural health facility, in order to mimic real-world practice. If the patient does not present to the rural health facility for the 12-month visit, the local CHW will trace the patient at home and will check the 12-month BP at that time, again consistent with real-world conditions.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Group Medical Visits
Description: The CHW will facilitate a group discussion about a self-care or health education topic chosen by the group while the rural clinician reviews the BP, sugar, and adherence data to determine a clinical recommendation as per the CDM clinical algorithm. which is communicated to each individual patient privately by the rural clinician in a five-minute breakout time. The rural clinician will not change the regimen for non adherence but instead will use the breakout time to assess barriers to adherence and try to help the patient identify solutions to those barriers.The breakout time can also be used to perform a physical examination or other assessments as clinically required. After all patients have had individual consultations with the rural clinician, the entire group re-convenes for a closing session, which consists of a question-and-answer period and determination of the next session's self-care or health education topic.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Group Medical Visits
Description: The CHW will facilitate a group discussion about a self-care or health education topic chosen by the group while the rural clinician reviews the BP, sugar, and adherence data to determine a clinical recommendation as per the CDM clinical algorithm. which is communicated to each individual patient privately by the rural clinician in a five-minute breakout time. The rural clinician will not change the regimen for non adherence but instead will use the breakout time to assess barriers to adherence and try to help the patient identify solutions to those barriers.The breakout time can also be used to perform a physical examination or other assessments as clinically required. After all patients have had individual consultations with the rural clinician, the entire group re-convenes for a closing session, which consists of a question-and-answer period and determination of the next session's self-care or health education topic.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Microfinance Groups
Description: The rural clinician and the CHW will organize a meeting with AMPATH's Safety Net Program representatives, who will introduce the concept of microfinance groups, the potential benefits, and encourage the formation of new groups to meet monthly. The microfinance groups need to incorporate an element of self-selection and self-formation, so that individuals have the freedom to choose with whom they will create a group. The groups are therefore formed voluntarily, and usually along geographical boundaries, which facilitates participation, retention, and meeting logistics.