TrialPanorama/TrialPanorama-database huggingface dataset:
Study: NCT03435276

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AZD9977
Description: Randomized subjects will receive AZD9977 oral suspension at a dose of 50 mg in Cohort 1, 150 mg in Cohort 2 and 300 mg in Cohort 3

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AZD9977
Description: Randomized subjects will receive AZD9977 oral suspension at a dose of 50 mg in Cohort 1, 150 mg in Cohort 2 and 300 mg in Cohort 3

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: AZD9977
Description: Randomized subjects will receive AZD9977 oral suspension at a dose of 50 mg in Cohort 1, 150 mg in Cohort 2 and 300 mg in Cohort 3

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Randomized subjects will receive orally AZD9977 matched placebo in Cohorts 1, 2 and 3

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Randomized subjects will receive orally AZD9977 matched placebo in Cohorts 1, 2 and 3

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Randomized subjects will receive orally AZD9977 matched placebo in Cohorts 1, 2 and 3
Study: NCT01782222

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Rotigotine
Description: Rotigotine, transdermal patches:~10 cm\^2 (2 mg / 24 hours); 20 cm\^2 (4 mg / 24 hours); 30 cm\^2 (6 mg / 24 hours); 40 cm\^2 (8 mg / 24 hours)~The maximum Rotigotine dose allowed is 8 mg / 24 hours or 16 mg / 24 hours for patients with advanced Parkinson's Disease and 6 mg / 24 hours or 8 mg / 24 hours for those with early Parkinson's Disease Duration: up to 21 weeks (including de-escalation)
Study: NCT02532413

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Poly IC
Description: Poly IC can induce innate immune responses.It may enhance the antiviral efficacy of Entecavir.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Poly IC
Description: Poly IC can induce innate immune responses.It may enhance the antiviral efficacy of Entecavir.
Study: NCT02532413

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Entecavir
Description: Entecavir can inhibit the replication of HBV.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Entecavir
Description: Entecavir can inhibit the replication of HBV.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Entecavir
Description: Entecavir can inhibit the replication of HBV.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Entecavir
Description: Entecavir can inhibit the replication of HBV.
Study: NCT03135639

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NeuroConn Plus Stimulator tACS
Description: Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a novel, noninvasive brain stimulation approach in which weak electric currents are applied to the scalp. The electric currents that are applied to the scalp are in a sine-wave pattern.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NeuroConn Plus Stimulator tACS
Description: Transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS) is a novel, noninvasive brain stimulation approach in which weak electric currents are applied to the scalp. The electric currents that are applied to the scalp are in a sine-wave pattern.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NeuroConn Plus Stimulator Sham
Description: For sham stimulation, the participant receives up to 1 minute of tACS stimulation until the stimulation fades. This mimics the same skin sensations that a participant would experience during a tACS session.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: NeuroConn Plus Stimulator Sham
Description: For sham stimulation, the participant receives up to 1 minute of tACS stimulation until the stimulation fades. This mimics the same skin sensations that a participant would experience during a tACS session.
Study: NCT01782222

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo, matching transdermal patches~Duration: up to 21 weeks (including de-escalation)
Study: NCT03675919

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Scale
Description: self-monitoring of body weight; with automatic data transfer into the personalized and secured online portal

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Scale
Description: self-monitoring of body weight; with automatic data transfer into the personalized and secured online portal

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Step counter
Description: self-monitoring of physical activity; with automatic data transfer into the personalized and secured online portal

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Step counter
Description: self-monitoring of physical activity; with automatic data transfer into the personalized and secured online portal

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Blood glucose meter with test stripes
Description: self-monitoring of blood glucose; with automatic data transfer into the personalized and secured online portal

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Access to the online portal
Description: self-monitoring of health parameters

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Access to the online portal
Description: self-monitoring of health parameters

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Telemedical coaching
Description: regular telephone calls providing information about T2DM, healthy lifestyle, low-carbohydrate diet and physical activity
Study: NCT01599819

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant) - Plasma/Albumin Free Method
Description: 1 PK infusion of ADVATE (low dose in Cohort 1, high dose in Cohort 2)

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Antihemophilic Factor (Recombinant) - Plasma/Albumin Free Method
Description: 1 PK infusion of ADVATE (low dose in Cohort 1, high dose in Cohort 2)

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PEGylated Recombinant Factor VIII
Description: 1 PK infusion of BAX 855 (low dose in Cohort 1, high dose in Cohort 2)

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PEGylated Recombinant Factor VIII
Description: 1 PK infusion of BAX 855 (low dose in Cohort 1, high dose in Cohort 2)
Study: NCT02310360

Intervention type: RADIATION
Intervention: Fallypride
Study: NCT03122652

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Teriflunomide 14 MG Oral Tablet [Aubagio]
Description: 1 tablet once a day

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo Oral Tablet
Description: 1 tablet once a day
Study: NCT00002981

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: positron emission tomography

Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: fludeoxyglucose F 18

Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: methionine C 11
Study: NCT04127240

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: DASH diet containing daily intakes of red meat
Description: Each participant was randomized to consume 3 or 6 ounces of red meat as a part of the DASH dietary pattern for 12-weeks.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: DASH diet containing daily intakes of red meat
Description: Each participant was randomized to consume 3 or 6 ounces of red meat as a part of the DASH dietary pattern for 12-weeks.
Study: NCT01044056

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Levonorgestrel (LNG)/Ethinylestradiol (EE) oral contraceptive tablets
Description: LNG/EE oral contraceptive tablets (Microgynon® 30), 21 in total, containing 0.150 mg LNG and 0.030 mg EE per tablet administered once daily orally for 21 consecutive days.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: norelgestrominum and ethinylestradiol patch oral contraceptive patch
Description: A contraceptive patch (EVRA ™), one patch for 7 days for three consecutive weeks, 3 patches in total, applied on the lower abdomen. Dose: per patch 6 mg norelgestromin and 0.750 mg EE releasing 0.150 mg norelgestromin and 0.020 mg EE per day.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Nuvaring ™ (etonorgestrel/ethinylestradiol)
Description: NuvaRing ™ , one ring for a period of 21 days, inserted vaginally. Dose: per ring 11.7 mg etonogestrel and 2.7 mg EE releasing a daily average amount of 0.120 mg etonogestrel and 0.015 mg EE.
Study: NCT02984891

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT)
Description: Procedure will be performed using the OCT Dragonfly catheter is a hydrophilic-coated catheter that uses infrared light with a central wavelength between 1,250 and 1,350 nm. Axial resolution with OCT is 10-20 microns, and maximum tissue penetration with OCT is approximately 1.5 mm-3 mm.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS)
Description: Procedure will be performed using the IVUS Kodama catheter is a hydrophilic-coated catheter that used high-fidelity ultrasound transmission to capture high-definition images of coronary artery anatomy. It uses ultrasound waves with a frequency of 40 or 60 MHz, as opposed to 20 MHz in conventional IVUS, to improve resolution while optimizing tissue penetration. It provides axial resolution of \< 40 microns and tissue penetration of 10 mm.
Study: NCT04431141

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Teneligliptin
Description: Teneligliptin alone

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Empagliflozin
Description: Empagliflozin alone

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Teneligliptin and Empagliflozin
Description: Teneligliptin and empagliflozin
Study: NCT01799161

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: gp96-Ig Vaccine

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: gp96-Ig Vaccine

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: gp96-Ig Vaccine

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Theophylline
Description: 300 mg capsule daily of Theophylline during 1st course, then adjusted dose

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Theophylline
Description: 300 mg capsule daily of Theophylline during 1st course, then adjusted dose

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Theophylline
Description: 300 mg capsule daily of Theophylline during 1st course, then adjusted dose

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Oxygen
Description: 24-hr oxygen delivered via nasal cannula or oxygen mask during 1st course, then adjusted dose.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Oxygen
Description: 24-hr oxygen delivered via nasal cannula or oxygen mask during 1st course, then adjusted dose.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Oxygen
Description: 24-hr oxygen delivered via nasal cannula or oxygen mask during 1st course, then adjusted dose.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Immunologic Evaluation
Description: Frequency of IFN-y,CD8 cells in response to vaccine in available tumor samples Blood draw to assess immunological response \[frequency of CD4+, FoxP3 (Treg), et al\] in treated patients.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Immunologic Evaluation
Description: Frequency of IFN-y,CD8 cells in response to vaccine in available tumor samples Blood draw to assess immunological response \[frequency of CD4+, FoxP3 (Treg), et al\] in treated patients.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Immunologic Evaluation
Description: Frequency of IFN-y,CD8 cells in response to vaccine in available tumor samples Blood draw to assess immunological response \[frequency of CD4+, FoxP3 (Treg), et al\] in treated patients.
Study: NCT01581905

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Conventional Laparoscopic Hysterectomy (LH)
Description: Patients assigned to this intervention will undergo conventional laparoscopic hysterectomy, either total or supracervical.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Robot Assisted Hysterectomy
Description: Patients assigned to this group will undergo Robot-Assisted Laparoscopic Hysterectomy, either total or supracervical.
Study: NCT02330445

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PRTX-100
Description: 6 micrograms PRTX-100 per kilogram of body weight administered via infusion

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: PRTX-100
Description: 6 micrograms PRTX-100 per kilogram of body weight administered via infusion
Study: NCT02120560

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Description: Both treatment arms will undergo atrial fibrillation ablation.
Study: NCT03178903

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: tDCS
Description: Participants in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) will receive tDCS over the dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex for 20 minutes, 3 times per week for 8 weeks.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Sham tDCS
Description: Participants in sham transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) will receive shame tDCS over the dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex for 20 minutes, 3 times per week for 8 weeks.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Aerobic Exercise (AE)
Description: Participants will engage in supervised, 30-minute bouts of moderate-intensity exercise 3x/week for 8 weeks.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Aerobic Exercise (AE)
Description: Participants will engage in supervised, 30-minute bouts of moderate-intensity exercise 3x/week for 8 weeks.
Study: NCT03595189

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cilastatin
Description: Dose escalation 3-hour single intravenous administration

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cilastatin
Description: Dose escalation 3-hour single intravenous administration

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Cilastatin
Description: Dose escalation 3-hour single intravenous administration
Study: NCT01965587

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: novasure mirena IUS combined
Description: novasure mirena IUS combined

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: novasure mirena IUS combined
Description: novasure mirena IUS combined
Study: NCT05366946

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Prevalence study
Description: Prevalence study of chronic pain in COPD vs healthy controls

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Prevalence study
Description: Prevalence study of chronic pain in COPD vs healthy controls
Study: NCT02348723

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Warfarin
Description: Patients receiving Warfarin to keep International Normalized Ratio (INR)between 2.0 - 3.0

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Dabigatran Etexilate 150mg
Description: Patients receiving Dabigatran Etexilate 150mg twice daily dosing (BID)
Study: NCT03595189

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: 3-hour single intravenous administration
Study: NCT01041391

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Discectomy-lumbar spine
Description: Lumbar intervertebral discectomy performed on patients with herniated disc that chose to have surgical intervention
Study: NCT01947647

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Transdiagnostic Behavior Therapy
Description: A new transdiagnostic CBT protocol for the depressive/anxiety disorders was developed and revised through two demonstration studies and one focus group. The resulting protocol involves several primary components, including psychoeducation on the symptoms of depression and anxiety (session 1), assessment of motivation and setup of treatment plans (session 2), exposure therapy (sessions 3-15), and relapse prevention (final session). In addition to these primary components, optional modules are included to supplement exposure therapy later in treatment to address secondary symptoms (e.g., anger, sleep, hypervigilance, drinking to cope). The goal of these modules is to allow providers to tailor treatment to specific symptoms that may be present in any single or set of diagnoses that may be reducing the effects from the primary exposure approach. Session will be weekly for 45-60 minutes with homework assignments to be completed between sessions.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Behavioral Activation Therapy
Description: To provide an evidence-based comparison for the transdiagnostic CBT condition, a second group of participants will receive manualized BAT. In general, BAT involves teaching patients to monitor their mood and daily activities with the goal of increasing pleasant, reinforcing activities and reducing unpleasant events. In the present study, the BAT condition will be manualized, following an existing protocol in the literature. BAT will be structurally equivalent to the transdiagnostic CBT with the same session length (45-60 minutes), frequency of sessions (weekly), duration of treatment (12-16 sessions), and amount of homework.
Study: NCT01102140

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: POMx, pomegranate polyphenol extract
Description: 1000 mg orally once daily.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Sugar Pill
Description: Matching sugar pill
Study: NCT01594086

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: green tea powder
Description: Consuming 2 g/day of green tea powder in three times divided for 3 months
Study: NCT04024449

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Group A
Description: ovarian function test in control group

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Group A
Description: ovarian function test in control group
Study: NCT03933072

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: obtaining of autologous human olfactory bulb, autologous sural nerve preparation
Description: The operative procedure will be aimed to obtain one of the patient's olfactory bulbs. The operation will be performed using a minimally invasive intracranial microsurgical endoscopy-assisted or transnasal endoscopic approach. During the same operation the patient sural nerve will be prepared for a future grafting.

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: production of Glial Neuropatch
Description: The human autologous olfactory ensheathing glia and olfactory fibroblast isolated from the olfactory bulb will be used for production of Glial Neuropatch in a laboratory facility in accordance with good manufacture procedures (GMP). The final Product will consist of the aforementioned cell suspension embedded with collagen scaffold. The European Medicines Agency/Committee for Advanced Therapies (EMA/CAT) considers that the Product Glial Neuropatch falls within the definition of a tissue engineered product of an advanced therapy medicinal product (decision EMA/CAT/293903/2018 from 22 June 2018: Scientific recommendation on classification of advanced therapy medicinal products Article 17 - Regulation (EC) No 1394/2007).

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: microsurgical reconstruction of the transected spinal cord with autologous Glial Neuropatch-nerve bridges
Description: The surgery will consists of laminectomy/laminotomy, midline durotomy above the area of spinal cord lesion, detethering of the spinal cord from fibrotic adhesions, resection of the posttraumatic spinal cord glial scar, delivering of cultured OEC/ONFs explants (Glial Neuropatch) to the area of spinal cord injury and finally bridging of the spinal cord gap by harvested autologous sural nerve grafts.
Study: NCT01188811

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: lipoic acid
Description: 1200 mg taken by mouth daily starting on day one of the study and ending on the last day of study participation.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: The placebo comparator will be taken by mouth daily starting on day one of the study and ending on the last day of study participation
Study: NCT03893851

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Interactions Competencies with Children - for Teachers (ICC-T)
Description: Core training components include teacher-student interaction, maltreatment prevention, effective discipline strategies, identifying and supporting burdened students and implementation of the training materials into the school setting.
Study: NCT04011306

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Lumina24 BLU
Description: Lumina24 BLU is the technology used to deliver continuous low-irradiance phototherapy for the treatment of acute burns
Study: NCT03536273

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pilates Group Exercises
Description: For 12 weeks, 3 repetitions per week

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pilates Group Exercises
Description: For 12 weeks, 3 repetitions per week

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pilates Group Exercises
Description: For 12 weeks, 3 repetitions per week
Study: NCT03810560

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: laser device Er,Cr:YSGG laser
Description: laser device with open flap debridement
Study: NCT01003288

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Adjuvanted influenza H1N1split virion vaccine
Description: Vaccination Pandemrix suspension and emulsion for emulsion for injection. 1 dose (0.5 ml) contains Split influenza virus, inactivated, containing antigen 3.75 micrograms of A/California/7/2009 (H1N1)v-like strain (X-179A)~\* Pandemic influenza vaccine (H1N1)v (split virion, inactivated, adjuvanted)
Study: NCT00450281

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: chromogenic in situ hybridization

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: chromogenic in situ hybridization

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: chromogenic in situ hybridization

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: chromogenic in situ hybridization

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: gene expression analysis

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: gene expression analysis

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: gene expression analysis

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: gene expression analysis

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: mutation analysis

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: mutation analysis

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: mutation analysis

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: mutation analysis

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: polymerase chain reaction

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: polymerase chain reaction

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: polymerase chain reaction

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: polymerase chain reaction

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: polymorphism analysis

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: polymorphism analysis

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: polymorphism analysis

Intervention type: GENETIC
Intervention: polymorphism analysis

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: fluorescent antibody technique

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: fluorescent antibody technique

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: fluorescent antibody technique