Study: NCT03995693

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Solution ingestion
Description: Two ingestion modalities will be attributed (participant is blinded) in random order: a placebo and a glucose solution. The placebo contains water and a non-caloric sweetener (stevia) in order to reproduce the taste of the glucose solution. The glucose solution contains 6% glucose per volume, labelled with 13C. Both solutions will be administered in 8 doses: a bolus (333 mL) at rest, 30 minutes before the start of exercise, 167 mL immediately before exercise, 167 mL every 15 minutes during arm cranking, 125 mL immediately before concentric or eccentric pedalling and at 15 and 25 minutes of this last exercise period. In total, 1250 mL of solution will be administered during the experimental protocol.

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Solution ingestion
Description: Two ingestion modalities will be attributed (participant is blinded) in random order: a placebo and a glucose solution. The placebo contains water and a non-caloric sweetener (stevia) in order to reproduce the taste of the glucose solution. The glucose solution contains 6% glucose per volume, labelled with 13C. Both solutions will be administered in 8 doses: a bolus (333 mL) at rest, 30 minutes before the start of exercise, 167 mL immediately before exercise, 167 mL every 15 minutes during arm cranking, 125 mL immediately before concentric or eccentric pedalling and at 15 and 25 minutes of this last exercise period. In total, 1250 mL of solution will be administered during the experimental protocol.

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Solution ingestion
Description: Two ingestion modalities will be attributed (participant is blinded) in random order: a placebo and a glucose solution. The placebo contains water and a non-caloric sweetener (stevia) in order to reproduce the taste of the glucose solution. The glucose solution contains 6% glucose per volume, labelled with 13C. Both solutions will be administered in 8 doses: a bolus (333 mL) at rest, 30 minutes before the start of exercise, 167 mL immediately before exercise, 167 mL every 15 minutes during arm cranking, 125 mL immediately before concentric or eccentric pedalling and at 15 and 25 minutes of this last exercise period. In total, 1250 mL of solution will be administered during the experimental protocol.

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Solution ingestion
Description: Two ingestion modalities will be attributed (participant is blinded) in random order: a placebo and a glucose solution. The placebo contains water and a non-caloric sweetener (stevia) in order to reproduce the taste of the glucose solution. The glucose solution contains 6% glucose per volume, labelled with 13C. Both solutions will be administered in 8 doses: a bolus (333 mL) at rest, 30 minutes before the start of exercise, 167 mL immediately before exercise, 167 mL every 15 minutes during arm cranking, 125 mL immediately before concentric or eccentric pedalling and at 15 and 25 minutes of this last exercise period. In total, 1250 mL of solution will be administered during the experimental protocol.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Constant load arm cranking
Description: The participants will perform 45 minutes of arm cranking on a specialized ergometer at a power output corresponding to 30% of their concentric cycling VO2max, previously measured.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Constant load arm cranking
Description: The participants will perform 45 minutes of arm cranking on a specialized ergometer at a power output corresponding to 30% of their concentric cycling VO2max, previously measured.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Constant load arm cranking
Description: The participants will perform 45 minutes of arm cranking on a specialized ergometer at a power output corresponding to 30% of their concentric cycling VO2max, previously measured.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Constant load arm cranking
Description: The participants will perform 45 minutes of arm cranking on a specialized ergometer at a power output corresponding to 30% of their concentric cycling VO2max, previously measured.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Expired gas sampling
Description: Subjects will be asked, twice, to provide a forced expiration into a 10 mL plastic tube in order to collect a sample expired gases. This procedure will be done immediately before blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Expired gas sampling
Description: Subjects will be asked, twice, to provide a forced expiration into a 10 mL plastic tube in order to collect a sample expired gases. This procedure will be done immediately before blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Expired gas sampling
Description: Subjects will be asked, twice, to provide a forced expiration into a 10 mL plastic tube in order to collect a sample expired gases. This procedure will be done immediately before blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Expired gas sampling
Description: Subjects will be asked, twice, to provide a forced expiration into a 10 mL plastic tube in order to collect a sample expired gases. This procedure will be done immediately before blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Indirect respiratory calorimetry
Description: A mouthpiece and nose plug will be placed on the subject and expired gases will be analyzed by a metabolic cart during 3 minutes. This procedure will be done immediately before expired gas collection, blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Indirect respiratory calorimetry
Description: A mouthpiece and nose plug will be placed on the subject and expired gases will be analyzed by a metabolic cart during 3 minutes. This procedure will be done immediately before expired gas collection, blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Indirect respiratory calorimetry
Description: A mouthpiece and nose plug will be placed on the subject and expired gases will be analyzed by a metabolic cart during 3 minutes. This procedure will be done immediately before expired gas collection, blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Indirect respiratory calorimetry
Description: A mouthpiece and nose plug will be placed on the subject and expired gases will be analyzed by a metabolic cart during 3 minutes. This procedure will be done immediately before expired gas collection, blood sampling and ingestion of the solution.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Blood sampling
Description: A catheter will be inserted in an antecubital vein and a saline solution will be continuously perfused to maintain vein open. 10 mL of blood will be collected immediately before ingesting the solution for a total of 80 mL.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Blood sampling
Description: A catheter will be inserted in an antecubital vein and a saline solution will be continuously perfused to maintain vein open. 10 mL of blood will be collected immediately before ingesting the solution for a total of 80 mL.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Blood sampling
Description: A catheter will be inserted in an antecubital vein and a saline solution will be continuously perfused to maintain vein open. 10 mL of blood will be collected immediately before ingesting the solution for a total of 80 mL.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Blood sampling
Description: A catheter will be inserted in an antecubital vein and a saline solution will be continuously perfused to maintain vein open. 10 mL of blood will be collected immediately before ingesting the solution for a total of 80 mL.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Measure of maximal voluntary contraction force production
Description: Maximal voluntary bilateral knee extensions (3 trials of 3-4 seconds each) will be performed on a chair equipped with force sensors to measure peak force production. These measurements will be done before the first ingestion, immediately before exercise, during the transition between arm cranking and concentric or eccentric cycling, and at the end of the exercise protocol.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Measure of maximal voluntary contraction force production
Description: Maximal voluntary bilateral knee extensions (3 trials of 3-4 seconds each) will be performed on a chair equipped with force sensors to measure peak force production. These measurements will be done before the first ingestion, immediately before exercise, during the transition between arm cranking and concentric or eccentric cycling, and at the end of the exercise protocol.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Measure of maximal voluntary contraction force production
Description: Maximal voluntary bilateral knee extensions (3 trials of 3-4 seconds each) will be performed on a chair equipped with force sensors to measure peak force production. These measurements will be done before the first ingestion, immediately before exercise, during the transition between arm cranking and concentric or eccentric cycling, and at the end of the exercise protocol.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Measure of maximal voluntary contraction force production
Description: Maximal voluntary bilateral knee extensions (3 trials of 3-4 seconds each) will be performed on a chair equipped with force sensors to measure peak force production. These measurements will be done before the first ingestion, immediately before exercise, during the transition between arm cranking and concentric or eccentric cycling, and at the end of the exercise protocol.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Measure of muscle electrical activity (EMG)
Description: Surface electrodes will be placed on the biceps and quadriceps to measure EMG throughout the exercise protocol.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Measure of muscle electrical activity (EMG)
Description: Surface electrodes will be placed on the biceps and quadriceps to measure EMG throughout the exercise protocol.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Measure of muscle electrical activity (EMG)
Description: Surface electrodes will be placed on the biceps and quadriceps to measure EMG throughout the exercise protocol.

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Measure of muscle electrical activity (EMG)
Description: Surface electrodes will be placed on the biceps and quadriceps to measure EMG throughout the exercise protocol.