TrialPanorama/TrialPanorama-database huggingface dataset:
Study: NCT03221491

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Patient-Controlled Analgesia(PCA)
Description: Patients receive analgesic regimens using Patient-Controlled Analgesia(PCA) with different background infusion.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Patient-Controlled Analgesia(PCA)
Description: Patients receive analgesic regimens using Patient-Controlled Analgesia(PCA) with different background infusion.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Patient-Controlled Analgesia(PCA)
Description: Patients receive analgesic regimens using Patient-Controlled Analgesia(PCA) with different background infusion.
Study: NCT02535884

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: ACTIVA® PC neurostimulator (Model 37601)
Description: the stimulator in the stimulation group will be turned on after implantation of the device

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: ACTIVA® PC neurostimulator (Model 37601)
Description: the stimulator in the stimulation group will be turned on after implantation of the device
Study: NCT01056510

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: bendamustine
Description: 90mg/m2 (first-line) or 70mg/m2 (second-line) iv, days 1 and 2 every 4 weeks, cycles 1-6

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: chlorambucil
Description: 10mg/m2 po days 1-7 every 4 weeks, for up to 12 cycles

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: rituximab [MabThera/Rituxan]
Description: 375mg/m2 iv day 1 of cycle 1, followed by 500mg/m2 iv every 4 weeks cycles 2-6

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: rituximab [MabThera/Rituxan]
Description: 375mg/m2 iv day 1 of cycle 1, followed by 500mg/m2 iv every 4 weeks cycles 2-6
Study: NCT01824992

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Yallaferon®
Study: NCT04475575

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Aeonose
Description: All participants breathed through the Aeonose for five minutes. This device contains metal-oxide sensors that change in conductivity upon reaction with VOCs in exhaled breath. These conductivity changes are input data for machine-learning and used for pattern recognition. A nose clip was placed on the nose of each participant to avoid entry of non-filtered air in the device. Before measuring, the Aeonose was flushed with room air, guided through a carbon filter as well. During each measurement, a video was displayed to distract the participant and to reduce the chance of hyperventilation. Failed breath tests were excluded from analysis; the reason for failure was documented. Four similar Aeonose devices were used for breath analysis. A full-measurement procedure required sixteen minutes.
Study: NCT03013673

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: No intervention
Description: No intervention
Study: NCT04810182

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Regorafenib 40 MG Oral Tablet [STIVARGA]
Description: As per the treating physicians discretion
Study: NCT03854929

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ciprofloxacin
Description: Fluoroquinolone, ATC code: J01MA02~DNA-gyrase and topoisomerase IV inhibitor

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Azithromycin
Description: Macrolide, ATC code: J01FA10~Binds to ribosomal 50S sub-unit inhibiting translocation of peptides thereby suppressing bacterial protein synthesis.
Study: NCT02023242

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Hydrus Microstent
Description: Device inserted into Schlemm's canal to enhance aqueous flow from the anterior chamber.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: iStent Trabecular Micro Bypass
Description: Device inserted into Schlemm's canal to enhance aqueous flow from the anterior chamber.
Study: NCT01793142

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Viviant
Description: Viviant (Bazedoxifene) 20mg once daily
Study: NCT02782520

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Ringer Lactate (10ml/kg) fluid expansion

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Hypertonic saline (3ml/kg) fluid expansion
Study: NCT02695992

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Metoprolol
Description: Dosage 100 mg o.d.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Diltiazem
Description: Dosage 360 mg o.d.
Study: NCT00771134

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Lu AA39959
Description: 30mg/day; 15mg B.I.D. for 8 weeks

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: B.I.D. for 8 weeks

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Quetiapine
Description: 300mg/day for 8 weeks
Study: NCT01898572

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Standard care
Description: Newly T2DM and control individuals will be controlled by their family care physician following standard (clinical guidelines) care.

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Standard care
Description: Newly T2DM and control individuals will be controlled by their family care physician following standard (clinical guidelines) care.
Study: NCT02601677

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Deep brain stimulation
Description: Deep brain stimulation of bilateral Nucleus accumbens/Anterior Limb of Internal Capsule

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Fluoxetine
Description: Fluoxetine is one of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors(SSRIs).
Study: NCT03622463

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Antroquinonol
Description: Antroquinonol will be provided as a capsule-shaped which contain 50 mg Antroquinonol.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Antroquinonol
Description: Antroquinonol will be provided as a capsule-shaped which contain 50 mg Antroquinonol.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: The matching placebo will be packaged as Antroquinonol with appearance identical in all aspects

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: The matching placebo will be packaged as Antroquinonol with appearance identical in all aspects
Study: NCT02694770

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Neihulizumab Treatment
Description: Monoclonal antibody

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Conventional Treatment
Description: 2nd line therapy for aGvHD at the discretion of attending physician, including but not limited to biologics such as ATG, TNF-alpha inhibitors, pentostatin, sirolimus, mycophenolate mofetil and extracorporeal photopheresis.
Study: NCT01640652

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MenPF-1.
Description: A new vaccine against meningococcal disease.

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MenPF-1.
Description: A new vaccine against meningococcal disease.
Study: NCT01626898

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: HOLA en Grupos
Description: HOLA en Grupos consists of four 4-hour group sessions that combine presentations by facilitators who are trained Latino MSM community members, activities, and scenes from a DVD, and is delivered over a period of two weeks to groups of about 10 participants. HOLA en Grupos is designed to increase HIV prevention knowledge, condom use and mastery, decrease barriers to risk reduction (e.g., health-compromising aspects of machismo), enhance sexual negotiation skills, and increase use of HIV testing, counseling, and treatment services among intervention participants.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: General Health intervention (comparison intervention )
Description: The Spanish comparison condition consists of four Spanish-language 4-hour group sessions designed to increase participants' knowledge about cancer, diabetes, alcohol abuse, and cardiovascular disease, and is delivered over a period of two weeks to groups of about 10 participants.
Study: NCT04638348

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: New Biofeedback
Description: Conventional biofeedback consists of a electromyography biofeedback device with a vaginal probe.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: New Biofeedback
Description: Conventional biofeedback consists of a electromyography biofeedback device with a vaginal probe.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: New Biofeedback
Description: Conventional biofeedback consists of a electromyography biofeedback device with a vaginal probe.
Study: NCT01616420

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Assisted-partner notification services
Description: Assisted-partner notification services (aPS) is a public health service which notifies the partners of those who test positive for a communicable disease of their exposure.
Study: NCT02618655

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: diagnostic methods
Description: explore several laboratory diagnostic methods to find out which will be more helpful for making an accurate diagnosis in the early period of TBDs.
Study: NCT04173689

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Threshold IMT
Description: 7 days a week, 2 times a day 15 min each

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: breathing exercises combined with upper extremity and trunk
Description: upper extremity and trunk exercises combined with breathing exercises for 7 days a week, 2 times a day for 15 minutes each
Study: NCT00471705

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Miltefosine
Description: Miltefosine 2.5 mg/Kg/day with a maximum dose of 150 mg PO day.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Thermotherapy
Description: One session of local heat using a thermotherapy device at 50 celsius degrees during 30 seconds.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Glucantime®
Description: Glucantime® 20 mg /Kg /day for 20 days (intramuscular)
Study: NCT03117075

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: using device for scoring pain scale, named ANAPA®
Description: wearable device for scoring pain scale
Study: NCT04452474

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Olokizumab 64 mg
Description: solution for subcutaneous administration 160 mg/mL

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Normal Saline (0.9% Sodium Chloride solution for Injection), in the market package
Study: NCT04802525

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training
Description: The first group has received Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training without dietary control, the second group has received a low-fat diet program without exercise intervention, and the third group has received Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training plus a low-fat diet program for 10 consecutive weeks

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training
Description: The first group has received Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training without dietary control, the second group has received a low-fat diet program without exercise intervention, and the third group has received Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training plus a low-fat diet program for 10 consecutive weeks

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training
Description: The first group has received Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training without dietary control, the second group has received a low-fat diet program without exercise intervention, and the third group has received Moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training plus a low-fat diet program for 10 consecutive weeks
Study: NCT03215420

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MRI 3T
Study: NCT04080570

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Remote Visit
Description: After an initial in-home visit, the physician will see home hospitalized patients by facilitated video.
Study: NCT00585000

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CP-675,206
Description: 15 mg/kg. IV (in the vein) over 1 hour on Day 1 of each 90 day cycle. Number of cycles: maximum of 4 cycles unless progression of disease or unacceptable toxicity.
Study: NCT02554903

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Macitentan 10mg
Description: 2 groups, randomized in a 1:1 ratio by an Interactive Voice/Web Randomization System to macitentan 10 mg or placebo

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo sugar pill
Description: 2 groups, randomized in a 1:1 ratio by an Interactive Voice/Web Randomization System to macitentan 10 mg or placebo
Study: NCT02776189

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Dexmedetomidine
Description: intravenous dexmedetomidine 1 mcg per kg body weight over 10 minutes followed by infusion of dexmedetomidine at dose of 1 mcg per kg body weight per hour till end of procedure

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: propofol
Description: intravenous propofol 2mg per kg body weight followed by infusion of propofol at a dose of 100 mcg per kg body weight per min till end of procedure

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Midazolam
Description: Intra nasal midazolam 0.2 mg per kg body weight before intravenous canulation

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Midazolam
Description: Intra nasal midazolam 0.2 mg per kg body weight before intravenous canulation
Study: NCT04168073

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: High-sodium diet 300 mmol sodium/day
Description: Day 7 or day 21 high-sodium diet begins for 8 days. Day 15 wash-out begins for 6 days. Pre-made meals for both the high-and low-sodium diet will be provided to each participant by the study team.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Low-sodium diet 10 mmol sodium/day
Description: Day 7 or day 21 low-sodium diet begins for 8 days. Day 15 wash-out begins for 6 days. Pre-made meals for both the high-and low-sodium diet will be provided to each participant by the study team.
Study: NCT02934308

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Skin Conductance Monitor
Study: NCT03492528

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: blood samples
Description: blood samples
Study: NCT03378323

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Multiple injection local anesthetic
Description: Multiple injection local anesthetic

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Single injection local anesthetic
Description: Single injection local anesthetic
Study: NCT02975427

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Diet group
Description: All participants were prescribed an appropriate diet with caloric restriction and an exercise program and underwent a follow-up examination 3±1 months later.
Study: NCT02867176

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Gabapentin
Description: The gabapentin (Neurontin, Pfizer, Mexico) group was instructed to take one 300-mg capsule the night before surgery and 1 capsule every 8 hours on the day of surgery and for the first 3 postoperative days.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Gabapentin
Description: The gabapentin (Neurontin, Pfizer, Mexico) group was instructed to take one 300-mg capsule the night before surgery and 1 capsule every 8 hours on the day of surgery and for the first 3 postoperative days.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Ketorolac
Description: The ketorolac group (Dolac, Siegfried Rhein, Mexico) was instructed to take their 10-mg tablets every 8 hours on the day of surgery and for the first 3 postoperative days.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Ketorolac
Description: The ketorolac group (Dolac, Siegfried Rhein, Mexico) was instructed to take their 10-mg tablets every 8 hours on the day of surgery and for the first 3 postoperative days.
Study: NCT03777150

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Postoperative care in Intensive care unit (ICU)
Description: Postoperative care in Intensive care unit (ICU)

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Postoperative care in standard ward
Description: Postoperative care in standard ward
Study: NCT03610724

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tisagenlecleucel
Description: Tisagenlecleucel was infused once as an intravenous infustion at a dose of either 0.2 to 5 x 106 CAR-positive viable T cells per kg body weight for subjects ≤ 50 kg or 0.1 to 2.5 x 108 CAR-positive viable T cells for subjects \> 50 kg.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: lymphodepleting chemotherapy
Description: Prior to tisagenlecleucel infusion, each subject underwent lymphodepletion with recommended Fludarabine and cyclophosphamide (unless contra-indicated for subject)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Bridging Therapy
Description: Pre-treatment phase could also include bridging therapy of investigator's choice
Study: NCT03665389

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: iFR / FFR measurement
Description: At the time of pre-TAVR coronary angiogram, iFR (iFR before TAVR) will be measured. The cCTA data collected from patients whose consent is obtained following TAVR will be anonymized and sent to HeartFlow, Inc., where the FFRct （FFRct before TAVR） values will be calculated using their cardiovascular dynamics analysis program. With the FFRct values blinded, FFR (FFR after TAVR) and iFR (iFR after TAVR) will be measured using a guide wire that is capable of sensing pressure after TAVR is performed. Furthermore, FFRct(FFRct after TAVR) is calculated from cCTA taken after TAVR.
Study: NCT05069883

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Steroid Drug
Description: In this group Oral steroid medication after Direct Vision Internal Urethrotomy

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: No steroid
Description: In this group no Oral steroid medication (palcebo medication) after Direct Vision Internal Urethrotomy
Study: NCT03611868

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Phase 1b: APG-115+pembrolizumab
Description: dose escalation of APG-115 in combination with label dose of pembrolizumab, Four dose levels of APG-115 will be tested: 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg. APG-115 will be administrateddose escalation of APG-115 in combination with label dose of pembrolizumab, Fourfour dose levels of APG-115 will be tested: 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg. APG-115 will be administrated orally every other day (QOD) for consecutive 2 weeks (ie. dosed at Day 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, and 13), with one week dosing off as there are cycles every 3-weeks a cycle. Pembrolizumab is administrated following FDA approved label dose, i.e., 200 mg intravenous infusion at Day 1 of every 3 weeks as a cycle.~Phase II: Combination of APG-115 at 150 mg (RP2D) and pembrolizumab or APG-115 monotherapy alone.
Study: NCT03663426

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: study group
Description: 1. High dose corticoids pre-operative and 24h postoperative~2. Opioid free general anesthesia~3. Avoid opioids post-operative by continue clonidine, ketamine and lidocaine, only exceptional opioids after NSAID and paracetamol.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: control
Description: 1. No corticoids pre-operative.~2. Opioid anesthesia~3. Opioids post-operative after NSAID and paracetamol.
Study: NCT01015768

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: ReNu Multiplus multipurpose disinfecting solution
Description: A new lens (PureVision) soaked 6 hours to overnight in ReNu Multiplus

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Control
Description: A new lens (PureVision) is soaked for two hours in non-preserved saline
Study: NCT01561950

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: eptacog alfa (activated)
Description: If subject is eligible to continue after clopidogrel treatment, three different doses of trial drug is administered i.v. as a slow bolus injection over two to three minutes followed by post-trial biopsies

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: clopidogrel
Description: Following a baseline biopsy (B0) subjects will receive oral treatment with an initial 300 mg loading dose followed by daily 75 mg doses for at least 3 additional days. If the target platelet inhibition (PI) is achieved, the subject will undergo punch biopsy 1 (B1).

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: clopidogrel
Description: Following a baseline biopsy (B0) subjects will receive oral treatment with an initial 300 mg loading dose followed by daily 75 mg doses for at least 3 additional days. If the target platelet inhibition (PI) is achieved, the subject will undergo punch biopsy 1 (B1).

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: placebo
Description: If subject is eligible to continue after clopidogrel treatment, three different doses of trial drug is administered i.v. as a slow bolus injection over two to three minutes followed by post-trial biopsies
Study: NCT00754793

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: escitalopram
Description: 10mg - 30mg daily titrated as tolerated over 12 weeks

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: placebo
Description: inactive comparator; titrated as per protocol over 12 weeks
Study: NCT05395611

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: EBPcollected using the PExA device.
Description: The PExA device is a non invasive device that collect particles in exhaled air

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: EBPcollected using the PExA device.
Description: The PExA device is a non invasive device that collect particles in exhaled air
Study: NCT00742248

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Formoterol
Description: pMDI 12 mcg/dose 1 dose in the morning and 1 dose in the evening

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Formoterol
Description: DPI 12 mcg/dose 1 dose in the morning and 1 dose in the evening

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Formoterol
Description: DPI 12 mcg/dose 1 dose in the morning and 1 dose in the evening

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo pMDI/DPI 1 dose in the morning and 1 dose in the evening

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo pMDI/DPI 1 dose in the morning and 1 dose in the evening

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo pMDI/DPI 1 dose in the morning and 1 dose in the evening
Study: NCT00318214

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MRE0094
Description: Gel, 500 mcg/g once each day

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Vehicle gel
Description: Gel administered once per day
Study: NCT01395875

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Fluticasone Propionate / Salmeterol Xinafoate Combination (FSC)
Description: COPD patients receiving fluticasone propionate/salmeterol xinafoate combination (FSC) 250/50mcg

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: Anticholinergics (AC)
Description: COPD patients receiving anticholinergics (ACs) including tiotropium (TIO) and ipratropium or combination ipratropium-albuterol (collectively referred to as ipratropium \[IPR\]).