TrialPanorama/TrialPanorama-database huggingface dataset:
Study: NCT03610412

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Cinnamomum Cassia
Description: The intervention period will be 90 days, unlike other trials with Cinnamomum cassia and the main effect sought is on IGF1 levels, in addition to metabolic control.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo (calcined magnesia)
Description: The intervention period will be 90 days, unlike other trials with Cinnamomum cassia and comparison with placebo. The main effect sought is on IGF1 levels, in addition to metabolic control.
Study: NCT03322657

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Neostigmine
Description: Neostigmine injection

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Glycopyrrolate
Description: Glycopyrrolate injection

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Sugammadex
Description: Sugammadex injection
Study: NCT00410371

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Lamotrigine
Description: Lamotrigine

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: GI267119
Description: 25 mg ODT
Study: NCT02189330

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tafamidis
Description: 20 mg of current commercial formulation.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tafamidis
Description: 12.2 mgA free acid tablet.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tafamidis
Description: 20 mg new soft gelatin capsule.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tafamidis
Description: 4 capsules of 20 mg tafamidis of current commercial formulation.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tafamidis
Description: 4 capsules of 12.2 mg tafamidis of free acid tablet..
Study: NCT02527304

Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Image-Guided Adaptive Radiation Therapy
Description: Undergo adaptive staged SBRT

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Quality-of-Life Assessment
Description: Ancillary studies

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Questionnaire Administration
Description: Ancillary studies

Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy
Description: Undergo adaptive staged SBRT
Study: NCT05890391

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Time-Restricted Eating
Description: They were fed ad libitum between 10.00 a.m-06.00 p.m and fasted between 06.00 p.m-10.00 a.m.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Energy-Restricted Diet
Description: The total energy expenditure (TEE) of individuals was determined using the 'Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) x Physical Activity Level (PAL) ' formulation. 'TEE-500 kcal' formulation was used for the diet to be given to individuals.
Study: NCT03520569

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Insulin
Description: we are using to replace basal insulin and in two protocols to raise insulin concentrations during the insulin clamp

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Insulin
Description: we are using to replace basal insulin and in two protocols to raise insulin concentrations during the insulin clamp

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Insulin
Description: we are using to replace basal insulin and in two protocols to raise insulin concentrations during the insulin clamp

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Insulin
Description: we are using to replace basal insulin and in two protocols to raise insulin concentrations during the insulin clamp

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Dextrose 20% solution
Description: We are using dextrose to maintain glycemia level

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Dextrose 20% solution
Description: We are using dextrose to maintain glycemia level

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Dextrose 20% solution
Description: We are using dextrose to maintain glycemia level

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Dextrose 20% solution
Description: We are using dextrose to maintain glycemia level
Study: NCT03513146

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Oropharyngeal Administration of Mother's Milk (OPAMM)
Description: 0.2 ml of own mother's milk will be given by dropper to the oro-pharyngeal pouch, tongue and cheeks and the remaining amount will be given by the regular gavage feeding on intervals and amount regulated by the feeding protocol
Study: NCT03202550

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Oxycodone and Lorazepam (Active Comparator)
Description: Oxycodone and Lorazepam

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo Comparator
Description: Placebo oral pills
Study: NCT03425370

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Closure of surgical wounds using buried sutures or tissue adhesive on aesthetic outcome.
Description: Effect of replacing buried sutures with tissue adhesive on aesthetic outcome of surgical wounds will be measured using the POSAS.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Closure of surgical wounds using buried sutures or tissue adhesive on aesthetic outcome.
Description: Effect of replacing buried sutures with tissue adhesive on aesthetic outcome of surgical wounds will be measured using the POSAS.
Study: NCT00817102

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: FFR, IVUS, VH, or combination of the three
Description: Fractional Flow Reserve (FFR), Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS), Virtual Histology (VH) or some combination of these three procedures will be completed during the cardiac catheterization procedure.
Study: NCT05144282

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: intravitreal injection of anti VEGF
Description: The treatment for ROP was either primary intravitreal injection (IVI) of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF).

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: laser photocoagulation
Description: The treatment for ROP was either primary laser photocoagulation.
Study: NCT02305459

Intervention type: DEVICE
Intervention: Yttrium-90 loaded SIR-Spheres microspheres
Description: Selective internal radiation therapy (SIRT), also called radioembolisation (RE), with SIR-Spheres microspheres is an endovascular procedure, included within the interventional oncologic technologies to treat primary and secondary liver tumours. Using a microcatheter, a precise dose of resin microspheres is released in the hepatic artery, where they are carried into the arterioles and selectively lodge in the tumour microvasculature. The microspheres are loaded with the radioactive yttrium-90, a high-energy beta-emitting isotope with a half-life of 64.1 hours. SIR-Spheres microspheres are manufactured by Sirtex Medical.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Intervention: QLQ-C30 with HCC module
Description: In order to measure the palliative aspect of RE with SIR-Spheres microspheres, CIRT will incorporate a quality-of-life questionnaire. CIRT will be using EORTC's QLQ-C30 with HCC Module to measure changes in the quality of life of the patient. The quality-of-life questionnaire will be offered to the patient before the treatment, shortly after the treatment (as soon as possible) and at every follow-up. Filling out the quality-of-life questionnaire is entirely voluntary for the patient.
Study: NCT02307500

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Regorafenib
Description: oral therapy
Study: NCT02201082

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Airway clearance technique
Study: NCT00969618

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Atomoxetine
Description: 40-120 milligrams/day (mg/day) taken by mouth, once a day for 48 weeks
Study: NCT00414440

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: placebo comparator

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Everolimus
Description: experimental
Study: NCT02201082

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Amikacin nebulization

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Amikacin nebulization
Study: NCT01922661

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: REGN1908-1909

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: REGN1908-1909

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: REGN1908-1909

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: placebo

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: placebo

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: placebo
Study: NCT01037465

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: N-acetylcysteine
Description: N-acetylcysteine

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo
Study: NCT04035083

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Laser activated irrigation
Description: Diode laser at 980 nm, power of 1.5W, for 5 seconds inside the canal along with sodium hypochlorite, repeated 4 times with a gap of 10 seconds in between

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Passive ultrasonic irrigation
Description: ultrasonic activation inside the canal for 1 min
Study: NCT00086125

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: ridaforolimus
Description: AP23573 12.5 mg IV as monotherapy once daily for 5 days, every 2 weeks
Study: NCT00753142

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Intralipid 20%
Description: Participants receive a 48-hour infusion with Intralipid at 40 milliliters per hour (mL/hr).

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Intralipid 20%
Description: Participants receive a 48-hour infusion with Intralipid at 40 milliliters per hour (mL/hr).

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Glucose infusion
Description: Participants receive a glucose infusion consisting of 10% dextrose infused intravenously at a rate of 200 mg/m\^2/min for 20 hours.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Glucose infusion
Description: Participants receive a glucose infusion consisting of 10% dextrose infused intravenously at a rate of 200 mg/m\^2/min for 20 hours.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Glucose infusion
Description: Participants receive a glucose infusion consisting of 10% dextrose infused intravenously at a rate of 200 mg/m\^2/min for 20 hours.
Study: NCT03315689

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Vehicle
Description: Vehicle Topical Solution

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: ATI-50002
Description: ATI-50002 Topical Solution
Study: NCT02716142

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: rectal misoprostol
Description: patients will take 2 tablets of rectally misoprostol 400 microgram 60 minutes before the procedure

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: sublingual misoprostol
Description: patients will take 2 tablets of sublingual misoprostol 400 microgram 60 minutes before the procedure
Study: NCT01449994

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Activator IV (Activator Methods Int. Phoenix, Arizona)
Description: Instruments gives a defined impulse on specified areas of the body

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Activator IV (Activator Methods Int. Phoenix, Arizona)
Description: Instruments gives a defined impulse on specified areas of the body
Study: NCT04236466

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: hyrax appliance
Description: Hyrax will be constructed with bands on maxillary first molars and wire extending on palatal surfaces of teeth till the upper canines.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: haas appliance
Description: Haas will be constructed with bands on maxillary first molars and wire extending on palatal surfaces of teeth till the upper canines. Acrylic part will be added on palate
Study: NCT03744975

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: LCZ 696
Description: Participants will receive Oral LCZ 696 (Entresto 97/103 mg)

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebos
Description: Participants will receive 1oral Placebo capsule

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebos
Description: Participants will receive 1oral Placebo capsule
Study: NCT06738810

Intervention type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Fibrotest-actitest/NASHtest
Description: A blood sample will be collected from the patient in order to do Fibrotest-actitest/NASHtest and to calculate the NAFLD fibrosis score
Study: NCT03484819

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Nivolumab
Description: Given IV
Study: NCT02839252

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Iggy and the Inhalers Asthma Education for Kids
Description: It is a comic book, trading cards, and stickers that teach kids about asthma. There is also a 12-minute cartoon video which teaches kids about asthma.
Study: NCT03505905

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pregnenolone
Description: In a sequential parallel comparison design, in a double blind placebo controlled study, the efficacy of pregnenlone treatment relative to placebo in improving depression and anxiety symptoms, cognition, sleep, quality of life and vasomotor symptoms in preimenopausal and menopausal women with MDD.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pregnenolone
Description: In a sequential parallel comparison design, in a double blind placebo controlled study, the efficacy of pregnenlone treatment relative to placebo in improving depression and anxiety symptoms, cognition, sleep, quality of life and vasomotor symptoms in preimenopausal and menopausal women with MDD.
Study: NCT02713750

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: reversible contraceptive methods
Description: 1. Consistent male condom use only~2. Consistent female condom use only~3. Hormonal contraception, combined oral contraceptive pills and male/female condom~4. Hormonal contraception, progestin only depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) injectable and male/female condom~5. Hormonal contraception , progestin only hormonal implant and male/female condom~6. Intrauterine device and male/female condom
Study: NCT03505905

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: In a sequential parallel comparison design, in a double blind placebo controlled study, the efficacy of pregnenlone treatment relative to placebo in improving depression and anxiety symptoms, cognition, sleep, quality of life and vasomotor symptoms in preimenopausal and menopausal women with MDD.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: In a sequential parallel comparison design, in a double blind placebo controlled study, the efficacy of pregnenlone treatment relative to placebo in improving depression and anxiety symptoms, cognition, sleep, quality of life and vasomotor symptoms in preimenopausal and menopausal women with MDD.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: In a sequential parallel comparison design, in a double blind placebo controlled study, the efficacy of pregnenlone treatment relative to placebo in improving depression and anxiety symptoms, cognition, sleep, quality of life and vasomotor symptoms in preimenopausal and menopausal women with MDD.
Study: NCT04577651

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: 16-contact Directional Deep Brain Stimulation
Description: Deep Brain Stimulation with 16-contact Directional Lead
Study: NCT02968212

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Clofazimine
Description: All participants in the experimental/treatment arm on this protocol will take a loading dose of 200 mg daily in soft capsule form of clofazimine for 16 weeks, dropping to 100 mg daily for the next 8 weeks.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: sugar pill
Description: All participants in the placebo arm on this protocol will take placebo in soft capsule form daily dropping to a smaller dose after 16 weeks to mirror the treatment arm dosing.
Study: NCT04011644

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: A-CHESS self-monitored
Description: Patients have access to a smart phone app that provides information on tips on how to reduce drinking, a drink tracker, a journal, discussion boards, and private messaging with a research team member. Patients set weekly goals related to their drinking, reassess each week, and set a new goal for the upcoming week.

Intervention type: BEHAVIORAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: A-CHESS peer-supported
Description: Patients have access to a smart phone app that provides information on tips on how to reduce drinking, a drink tracker, a journal, discussion boards, and private messaging with a counselor. Patients set weekly goals related to their drinking, reassess each week, and set a new goal for the upcoming week.
Study: NCT01274377

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CMV Specific T Cell donor lymphocyte infusion
Description: Donor Lymphocyte Infusion (DLI)

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CMV Specific T Cell donor lymphocyte infusion
Description: Donor Lymphocyte Infusion (DLI)
Study: NCT03154450

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: EncoreAnywhere with data available to review
Description: Encore Anywhere will be installed and available for review by the clinical team
Study: NCT01953276

Intervention type: DEVICE
Intervention: Serial Electrocardiograms
Description: All participants will have serial electrocardiograms performed.
Study: NCT03154450

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: EncoreAnywhere with no data available to review
Description: Encore Anywhere will be installed but not available for review by the clinical team
Study: NCT00472381

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Insulin
Description: Insulin
Study: NCT04855812

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MyoMo
Description: To evaluate the usefulness of an upper extremity (UE) assistive device, called (MyoPro) in improving upper extremity activities in people with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI).

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Myo-SB
Description: To evaluate the usefulness of an upper extremity (UE) assistive device, called (MyoPro) in improving upper extremity activities in people with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI).

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Control
Description: To evaluate the usefulness of an upper extremity (UE) assistive device, called (MyoPro) in improving upper extremity activities in people with incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI).
Study: NCT02620111

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Whey protein high in leucin
Description: This Group is analysed for muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, mTor pathway signaling and Amino acid metabolism while supplemented first water then whey protein high in leucin

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Whey protein normal in leucin
Description: This Group is analysed for muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, mTor pathway signaling and Amino acid metabolism while supplemented first water then whey protein normal in leucin.
Study: NCT03457597

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Midazolam hydrochloride
Description: Midazolam hydrochloride 2.5 mg
Study: NCT02247830

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Chamomilla recutita gel
Description: Such intervention will be characterized by topical application of C. recutita gel, concomitantly to the initiation of radiotherapy, should be applied on the irradiated region three times daily throughout the period of realization of radiotherapy sessions area, and nursing consultations with equipment instructional (usual care).

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Urea cream
Description: Experimental Group 02: usual care + Topical Application of Urea cream. The intervention will be characterized by topical application of urea-based cream on the irradiated region three times daily throughout the period of realization of radiotherapy sessions, in addition to nursing consultation with instructional material (usual care).
Study: NCT02067221

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: RIRS
Description: * RIRS arm~* Use of flexible ureteroscopy to access and remove renal stones without percutaneous nephrostomy tract
Study: NCT03457597

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Midazolam hydrochloride
Description: Midazolam hydrochloride 2.5 mg

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Metoprolol tartrate
Description: Metoprolol tartrate 100 mg

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Metoprolol tartrate
Description: Metoprolol tartrate 100 mg

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pioglitazone hydrochloride
Description: Pioglitazone hydrochloride 15 mg

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pioglitazone hydrochloride
Description: Pioglitazone hydrochloride 15 mg

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tolbutamide
Description: Tolbutamide 500 mg

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Tolbutamide
Description: Tolbutamide 500 mg

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Omeprazole
Description: Omeprazole 20 mg

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Omeprazole
Description: Omeprazole 20 mg

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Relacorilant
Description: Relacorilant 350mg

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Relacorilant
Description: Relacorilant 350mg
Study: NCT00743262

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Provox voice prosthesis
Description: The current voice prosthesis (Provox ActiValve)of the patients will be removed and a new prosthesis (Provox Vega) will be inserted
Study: NCT02386579

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Blood sample measurements
Description: Blood samples are drawn in the feet and arms (a/v) before and after cooling the feet with ice water
Study: NCT03261258

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Questionnaire

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: Questionnaire
Study: NCT04874779

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: non
Description: follow up investigations

Intervention type: OTHER
Intervention: non
Description: follow up investigations
Study: NCT02487706

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Dolutegravir
Description: Dolutegravir 50mg/day per 5 days
Study: NCT00623376

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: nabilone then placebo
Description: The subjects were first on Nabilone, then crossed over to placebo

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: placebo then nabilone
Description: the subjects were first on placebo then crossed over to nabilone
Study: NCT02067221

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: MPCNL
Description: * MPCNL arm~* A new technique that reduced the size of percutaneous tract to make renal stone into small pieces.