Study: NCT03383588

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Bupivacaine
Description: 20 ml subcutaneous bupivacaine (Marcaine) 0.25%. Bupivacaine is an anesthetic which can numb an area of the body to relieve pain during surgery or medical procedures, childbirth, and dental work.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Bupivacaine
Description: 20 ml subcutaneous bupivacaine (Marcaine) 0.25%. Bupivacaine is an anesthetic which can numb an area of the body to relieve pain during surgery or medical procedures, childbirth, and dental work.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Bupivacaine
Description: 20 ml subcutaneous bupivacaine (Marcaine) 0.25%. Bupivacaine is an anesthetic which can numb an area of the body to relieve pain during surgery or medical procedures, childbirth, and dental work.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Morphine
Description: intrathecal morphine (Duramorph) 150mcg. DURAMORPH (morphine injection) is a systemic narcotic analgesic for administration by the intravenous, epidural or intrathecal routes. It is used for the management of pain not responsive to non-narcotic analgesics. DURAMORPH (morphine injection) administered epidurally or intrathecally, provides pain relief for extended periods without attendant loss of motor, sensory or sympathetic function.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Morphine
Description: intrathecal morphine (Duramorph) 150mcg. DURAMORPH (morphine injection) is a systemic narcotic analgesic for administration by the intravenous, epidural or intrathecal routes. It is used for the management of pain not responsive to non-narcotic analgesics. DURAMORPH (morphine injection) administered epidurally or intrathecally, provides pain relief for extended periods without attendant loss of motor, sensory or sympathetic function.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Morphine
Description: intrathecal morphine (Duramorph) 150mcg. DURAMORPH (morphine injection) is a systemic narcotic analgesic for administration by the intravenous, epidural or intrathecal routes. It is used for the management of pain not responsive to non-narcotic analgesics. DURAMORPH (morphine injection) administered epidurally or intrathecally, provides pain relief for extended periods without attendant loss of motor, sensory or sympathetic function.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Fentanyl
Description: intrathecal fentanyl 10 mcg. Fentanyl (also spelled fentanil) is an opioid which is used as a pain medication and together with other medications for anesthesia.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Fentanyl
Description: intrathecal fentanyl 10 mcg. Fentanyl (also spelled fentanil) is an opioid which is used as a pain medication and together with other medications for anesthesia.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Fentanyl
Description: intrathecal fentanyl 10 mcg. Fentanyl (also spelled fentanil) is an opioid which is used as a pain medication and together with other medications for anesthesia.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Epinephrine
Description: Epinephrine injection is used along with emergency medical treatment to treat life-threatening allergic reactions caused by insect bites or stings, foods, medications, latex, and other causes. Epinephrine is in a class of medications called alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonists (sympathomimetic agents). It works by relaxing the muscles in the airways and tightening the blood vessels.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Saline solution
Description: 20 ml subcutaneous NACL 0.9% - saline solution is the placebo