TrialPanorama/TrialPanorama-database huggingface dataset:
Study: NCT02900560

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: CC-486
Description: CC-486 Intervention will depend on cohort enrolled in. 100 mg tablet

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: CC-486
Description: CC-486 Intervention will depend on cohort enrolled in. 100 mg tablet
Study: NCT03752905

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Normal saline
Description: Saline control
Study: NCT02900560

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: CC-486
Description: CC-486 Intervention will depend on cohort enrolled in. 100 mg tablet

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: CC-486
Description: CC-486 Intervention will depend on cohort enrolled in. 100 mg tablet

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Pembrolizumab
Description: Pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 21 days

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Pembrolizumab
Description: Pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 21 days

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Pembrolizumab
Description: Pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 21 days
Study: NCT02296008

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: 3D high resolution anorectal manometry
Description: Procedure will take about 15 minutes. During procedure resting, squeeze, bear down maneuver, cough, ano-anal and rectoanal inhibitory reflex will be obtained, if possible.~3D picture of pressures of anorectal will be recorded.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: 3D high resolution anorectal manometry
Description: Procedure will take about 15 minutes. During procedure resting, squeeze, bear down maneuver, cough, ano-anal and rectoanal inhibitory reflex will be obtained, if possible.~3D picture of pressures of anorectal will be recorded.
Study: NCT00854659

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: ABT-102
Description: BID tablets, 7 days of treatment

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: ABT-102
Description: BID tablets, 7 days of treatment

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: ABT-102
Description: BID tablets, 7 days of treatment

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Placebo
Description: BID tablets, 7 days of treatment
Study: NCT03625063

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Exercise training group
Description: All exercise program will be applied during supervised session by a physiotherapist. Range of maximal heart rate will be screened by heart rate monitor during supervised session each day at patient's room. Inspiratory muscle training (threshold loading device (Threshold®- Inspiratory Muscle Trainer) at 20-30% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP)), upper extremity aerobic exercise training (arm ergometer, at 60-80% of maximum heart rate, dyspnea perception at 3-4 level as well as fatigue perception at 5-6 level according to Modified Borg Scale) and progressive resistance training (shoulder flexors, shoulder abduction and knee extensors at 4-6 level according to modified Borg scale) will be performed in the treatment group during acute hematopoietic stem cell transplantation process.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Control training group
Description: All exercise program will be applied during supervised session by a physiotherapist. Range of maximal heart rate will be screened by heart rate monitor during supervised session each day in patient's room.Upper extremity aerobic exercise training (arm ergometer, at 60-80% of maximum heart rate, dyspnea perception at 3-4 level as well as fatigue perception at 5-6 level according to Modified Borg Scale) and progressive resistance training (shoulder flexors, shoulder abduction and knee extensors at 4-6 level according to modified Borg scale) except inspiratory muscle training will be performed in the control group during acute hematopoietic stem cell transplantation process.
Study: NCT05026294

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: plyometric exercises
Description: Exercises for strength and flexibility

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Exercises for flat feet rehabilitation
Description: Exercises for intrinsic muscles strength
Study: NCT00716443

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: tetracaine 7% / lidocaine 7% cream (Pliaglis® Cream)
Description: Apply tetracaine/lidocaine cream once on one side of the face prior to Restylane® injections

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: benzocaine 20% / lidocaine 6% / tetracaine 4% ointment
Description: apply benzocaine / lidocaine / tetracaine ointment once on the other side of the face prior to Restylane® injections
Study: NCT01997983

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: TC-3 Gel mixed with Botox (BTX)
Description: TC-3 gel mixed with Botox (BTX). Single intravesical instillations of 40 ml of TC-3 mixed with 200 units of preconstitued BTX, using catheter
Study: NCT00716443

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: benzocaine 20% / lidocaine 6% / tetracaine 4% ointment
Description: apply benzocaine / lidocaine / tetracaine ointment once on the other side of the face prior to Restylane® injections
Study: NCT01591980

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pregabalin
Description: Pre-operatively, one of the 2 doses of pregabalin (100 or 150 mg) or placebo will be given to patients 1 hour before the surgery. Post-operatively, patients will receive daily (split in 2 equal doses) pregabalin 100 mg, pregabalin 150 mg, or placebo for the first 14 post-operative days.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: pregabalin
Description: Pre-operatively, one of the 2 doses of pregabalin (100 or 150 mg) or placebo will be given to patients 1 hour before the surgery. Post-operatively, patients will receive daily (split in 2 equal doses) pregabalin 100 mg, pregabalin 150 mg, or placebo for the first 14 post-operative days.
Study: NCT03635164

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Durvalumab
Description: Patients will receive one dose of neoadjuvant durvalumab 1500 mg approximately 3-6 weeks prior to standard of care surgery. It will be given concurrently with the first dose of radiation (RT). Patients will receive up to six doses of durvalumab and radiation post-operatively.

Intervention type: RADIATION
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy (SBRT)
Description: The starting RT dose level will be given as 6 Gy for 2 fractions (12 Gy total) every other day over approximately one week to sites of gross disease only to minimize exposure to normal tissue. If toxicity develops and surgery is delayed by more than 8 weeks (qualifying as a DLT), the radiation dose will be dropped per protocol for the next set of patients. If this dose is tolerated, the dose will be increased to 6 Gy for 3 fractions (18 Gy total) for the next 3 patients.

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Standard of Care Therapy
Description: Patients will proceed to surgical resection 3-6 weeks after radiation as recommended by the ENT surgeon.
Study: NCT00836849

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Zoloft® 100 mg Tablets
Description: 1 x 100 mg, single-dose fed

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Sertraline hydrochloride 100 mg Tablets
Description: 1 x 100 mg, single-dose fed
Study: NCT03882034

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pegvisomant
Description: A fixed dose of pegvisomant 10-mg started on Day 1 of intervention and continued daily afterwards, will be administered subcutaneously according to manufacturer's recommendations. Adjustment of the dose will occur as per protocol.
Study: NCT01591980

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: placebo
Description: Identical placebo capsules will be administered in the same way.
Study: NCT04616586

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Siltuximab
Description: 11 mg/kg IV administered over 1 hour

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Normal Saline
Description: IV administered over 1 hour
Study: NCT01886664

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: sevoflurane

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Desflurane
Study: NCT05385562

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Triamcinolone Acetonide and sodium hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate
Description: formulated with sodium hyaluronate and chondroitin sulfate

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Triamcinolone Acetonide alone
Description: Triamcinolone Acetonide alone
Study: NCT01420133

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Regimen
Description: regimen normal in salt and sugar

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Standard regimen
Description: with diet low in salt and sugar
Study: NCT01409317

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Deep Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Description: DTMS will be administered according to the following parameters: 18 Hz in 84 trains of 2 seconds duration, with 20 seconds inter-train interval (3,024 pulses per session) at 120% of the resting motor threshold

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
Description: rTMS will be administered according to the following parameters: 18 Hz in 84 trains of 2 seconds duration, with 20 seconds inter-train interval (3,024 pulses per session) at 120% of the resting motor threshold.
Study: NCT02585544

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: day-care surgery
Description: day-care surgery
Study: NCT00035893

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: poly I-poly C12U
Description: 200-400 mg IV infusions 2x/week for 64 weeks
Study: NCT03876587

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Pyrotinib Maleate combine with Docetaxel
Description: Pyrotinib Maleate combine with Docetaxel as the first-line treatment to HER2-positive Metastatic Breast Cancer
Study: NCT00353977

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: ALVAC-CMV (vCP260)
Description: ALVAC-pp65 (vCP260), an attenuated canary pox-based vaccine (Aventis Sanofi Pasteur, Lyon, France), 3 doses (1.0 ml each) delivered intramuscularly in the deltoid muscle.~Sero-negative subjects will receive a total of 3 immunizations to be given day 0, 5 and 10.~Sero-positive subjects will receive a total of 2 immunizations to be given day 0 and 5. (Protocol amendment after findings from the 9/6/2006 interim analysis demonstrated that in the sero-positive group, only 2 vaccinations were required to generate maximum immune response.)
Study: NCT02886104

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: CRLM resection group
Description: Simultaneous resection of both primary and secondary tumors in synchronous CRLM or resection of metachronous CRLM.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: CRLM ablation group
Description: Microwave ablation of CRLM with a 2.15-gigahertz(GHz) microwave generator and a 14 gauge diameter transcutaneous antenna within 30 days after resection of primary tumor in synchronous CRLM or ablation of metachronous CRLM.
Study: NCT01590329

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Momelan Technologies Epidermal Graft Harvesting System
Description: The procurement of the epidermal micro graft involves the use of MoMelan Technologies suction blister system, which consists of a control harvester. The device is applied to the subject's thigh to create blisters. The epidermal micrografts are then harvested and transferred to a commercially available sterile film dressing, placed on the surgical wound or prepared recipient site and the wound is then bandaged.
Study: NCT04721314

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Adjustment of lower rate limit
Description: Patients with preserved ejection fraction (EF \>50%) and implanted pacemakers will have the lower rate limit adjusted to a personalized heart rate based on a heart rate algorithm.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Maintenance of lower rate limit
Description: Lower rate limit will be maintained at 60 beats-per-minute
Study: NCT01937312

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Brinzolamide 1%/brimonidine 0.2% ophthalmic suspension

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Vehicle
Description: Inactive ingredients used as a placebo comparator

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Prostaglandin analogue

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Prostaglandin analogue
Study: NCT00497224

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Erlotinib
Description: Erlotinib starting at 150 mg PO (by mouth) daily. Dose may increase or decrease by the study doctor as per protocol (study plan).
Study: NCT02220374

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Supportive Finger Tape
Description: Dorsally applied elasticated tape may or may not improve the kinetics of the PIPJ and therefore reduce pain as well as improve function
Study: NCT02284724

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Dry Needling

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Sham Needling
Study: NCT01531725

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Percutaneous coronary intervention
Description: Percutaneous coronary intervention
Study: NCT03002506

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Ceftolozane/tazobactam
Description: Single dose of 2 grams/1 gram intravenously administered over 60 minutes.
Study: NCT06509061

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Physical Activity Self-Definition
Description: 6 week behavioural change program designed to increase PASD and PA

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Control
Description: 6 week program designed to as an attention control, delivering content on general health behaviour.
Study: NCT02757547

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Transcranial magnetic stimulation - Placebo Arm
Description: Each seizure patient (subject) will receive 5 days in a row the placebo (sham) magnetic stimulation using the placebo (sham) coil of the STM9000 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator. This involves magnetic stimulation at 90% of the resting motor threshold at 1 Hz in three 500-pulse blocks, separated by 10-minute breaks for 1500 pulses total. The placebo coil produces the same noise and movement as an active coil, but doesn't deliver any magnetic stimulation.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Transcranial magnetic stimulation - Active Arm
Description: Each seizure patient (subject) will receive 5 days in a row of active magnetic stimulation using the active TMS coil of the STM9000 Transcranial Magnetic Stimulator. This involves magnetic stimulation at 90% of the resting motor threshold at 1 Hz in three 500-pulse blocks, separated by 10-minute breaks for 1500 pulses total.
Study: NCT04915521

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: erector spina plane block (ESPB) group
Description: An experienced anesthesiologist performed ESPB in all patients in sitting position bilaterally.~A linear ultrasound probe (6-13 MHz) was used for ultrasound guidance. Injection was done using in-plane technique. A 22G block needle (100mm, B-Braun, Germany) was inserted 3- cm lateral to the T9 spinous process and advanced in cranio-caudal direction. To separate erector spina muscle from the transverse process, initially 1-2 ml saline was injected; then 20 ml 0.5% bupivacaine and 5 ml 0.2% lidocaine were injected following separation. Diffusion of the drugs in erector spina plane at cranio-caudal line was ensured. No analgesic or sedative was used during the procedure.
Study: NCT01939262

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Limitation of Animal Fat and Protein in the Diet
Description: Animal products were proscribed and the use of unrefined foods was encouraged. Participants were asked to limit high-fat plant foods, such as nuts, avocados, and refined oils. There was no restriction in energy intake, were encouraged to eat freely and not count calories.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Control
Description: Participants assigned to the control group will be instructed to follow their usual diets.
Study: NCT03215277

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Bimekizumab
Description: One bimekizumab dose will be administered.

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Certolizumab pegol
Description: Two certolizumab pegol doses will be administered. One of these doses is a loading dose.

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Placebo
Description: Placebo will be provided to maintain the blinding.
Study: NCT02910440

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: DCL-101 vs Golytely

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: DCL-101 vs Golytely
Study: NCT03971981

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: 100% Xylitol Gum
Description: Subjects were instructed to consume the gums as they normally would be consumed.

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: 22% Xylitol Gum
Description: Subjects were instructed to consume the gums as they normally would be consumed.
Study: NCT00481481

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: tacrolimus
Description: immunosuppression
Study: NCT03374605

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: active tDCS
Description: 15 minutes of active (2mA) high definition tDCS will be applied to the participant's skull. The anodal electrode will be placed over 10-20 EEG coordinate AF7 and cathodal electrode over coordinate Fz.

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: SHAM_COMPARATOR
Intervention: sham tDCS
Description: 15 minutes of sham high definition tDCS will be applied to the participant's skull. The anodal electrode will be placed over 10-20 EEG coordinate AF7 and cathodal electrode over coordinate Fz.
Study: NCT01452802

Intervention type: DEVICE
Intervention: HM II (HeartMate II LVAD)
Description: The HM II pump contains a single moving component, the rotor. The pump is implanted just below the left hemidiaphragm with the inflow attached to the apex of the left ventricle and the outflow graft anastomosed to the ascending aorta. Blood is pumped continuously throughout the cardiac cycle from the left ventricle to the aorta.

Intervention type: DRUG
Intervention: OMM (Optimal Medical Management)
Description: Optimal medical management per established heart failure guidelines for this subject population including ACE inhibitors, beta blockers and aldosterone antagonists 45 out of the last 60 days or an inability to tolerate neurohormonal antagonists.
Study: NCT03733158

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: the standard Bougie stylet for difficult intubation
Description: intubation with the standard Bougie stylet for difficult intubation and endotracheal tube 7.0 internal diameter

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: the standard Bougie stylet for difficult intubation
Description: intubation with the standard Bougie stylet for difficult intubation and endotracheal tube 7.0 internal diameter

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: the standard Bougie stylet for difficult intubation
Description: intubation with the standard Bougie stylet for difficult intubation and endotracheal tube 7.0 internal diameter

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: the standard Bougie stylet for difficult intubation
Description: intubation with the standard Bougie stylet for difficult intubation and endotracheal tube 7.0 internal diameter

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: the standard Bougie stylet for difficult intubation
Description: intubation with the standard Bougie stylet for difficult intubation and endotracheal tube 7.0 internal diameter

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: the standard Bougie stylet for difficult intubation
Description: intubation with the standard Bougie stylet for difficult intubation and endotracheal tube 7.0 internal diameter
Study: NCT02426307

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: TAVR
Description: TAVR: Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: SAVR
Description: SAVR: surgical Aortic Valve Replacement
Study: NCT02608164

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: 3000IU(75μg) vitamin D3

Intervention type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: 3000IU(75μg) vitamin D3
Study: NCT04518371

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Reinforced composite for the fabrication of permanent, indirect restorations using a CAD/CAM grinding process.
Description: Shock-absorbing effect due to the dentine-like modulus of elasticity makes BRILLIANT Crios extremely well suited for implant restorations.it is composed of dental glass (barium glass ˂ 1.0 μm), amorphous silica (Sio2 ˂ 20 nm), resin matrix (cross-linked methacrylates) and pigments

Intervention type: OTHER
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Reinforced composite for the fabrication of permanent, indirect restorations using a CAD/CAM grinding process.
Description: Shock-absorbing effect due to the dentine-like modulus of elasticity makes BRILLIANT Crios extremely well suited for implant restorations.it is composed of dental glass (barium glass ˂ 1.0 μm), amorphous silica (Sio2 ˂ 20 nm), resin matrix (cross-linked methacrylates) and pigments
Study: NCT04637451

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: OTHER
Intervention: Root coverage treatment
Description: Gingival unit graft Connective tissue graft

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: Root coverage treatment
Description: Gingival unit graft Connective tissue graft
Study: NCT03273621

Intervention type: PROCEDURE
Intervention: Bariatic surgery
Description: One of two different types of surgery: sleeve gastrectomy and Roux-en-Y gastric by-pass.
Study: NCT01163747

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: tocilizumab
Description: Intravenous repeating dose
Study: NCT02900560

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: Pembrolizumab
Description: Pembrolizumab 200 mg IV every 21 days
Study: NCT02418156

Intervention type: DEVICE
Intervention: CorMatrix ECM for Vascular Repair
Description: Standard femoral arterial interventional procedure using CorMatrix ECM for vascular repair.
Study: NCT03733158

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: The new Flexible Tip Bougie catheter
Description: intubation with The new Flexible Tip Bougie catheter and endotracheal tube 7.0 internal diameter

Intervention type: DEVICE
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: The new Flexible Tip Bougie catheter
Description: intubation with The new Flexible Tip Bougie catheter and endotracheal tube 7.0 internal diameter
Study: NCT01163747

Intervention type: BIOLOGICAL
Group type: EXPERIMENTAL
Intervention: tocilizumab
Description: Intravenous repeating dose

Intervention type: DRUG
Group type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR
Intervention: methotrexate
Description: A stable dose of between 7.5 and 25 mg/week, oral or parenteral.