TrialPanorama/TrialPanorama-database huggingface dataset:
Study: 31738579

Adverse event: suspected suicide

Adverse event: suicide attempt

Adverse event: suspected suicide attempt

Adverse event: anxiety
Study: 28762437

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight
Study: 15520323

Adverse event: inflammation

Adverse event: necrosis
Study: 11397030

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain
Study: 9237091

Adverse event: overweight
Study: 29710042

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: mass

Adverse event: low density lipoprotein

Adverse event: high density lipoprotein
Study: 26231856

Adverse event: low income
Study: 23560584

Adverse event: rash

Adverse event: rash
Study: 6145726

Adverse event: anxiety

Adverse event: anxiety symptoms

Adverse event: depression

Adverse event: anxiety

Adverse event: anxiety symptoms
Study: 26965765

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight
Study: 24899759

Adverse event: nocturia

Adverse event: nocturia

Adverse event: nocturia
Study: 20122739

Adverse event: photocoagulation
Study: 18482026

Adverse event: infarction

Adverse event: cerebral infarction
Study: 7486177

Adverse event: cardiac index

Adverse event: cardiac index decreased

Adverse event: mean arterial pressure

Adverse event: heart rate decreased

Adverse event: heart rate

Adverse event: depression
Study: 2107135

Adverse event: infusion
Study: 84260

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: vitamin c
Study: 29900553

Adverse event: liver injury

Adverse event: aspartate aminotransferase

Adverse event: alanine aminotransferase

Adverse event: injury

Adverse event: aspartate aminotransferase

Adverse event: fibrosis

Adverse event: liver injury

Adverse event: fibrosis

Adverse event: injury
Study: 19933120

Adverse event: body mass index

Adverse event: mass
Study: 18482026

Adverse event: infarction

Adverse event: cerebral hypoperfusion

Adverse event: hypoperfusion
Study: 16885792

Adverse event: extubation

Adverse event: extubation

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: sedation

Adverse event: sedation
Study: 11470150

Adverse event: injection

Adverse event: injection
Study: 8002850

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: myocardial infarction

Adverse event: infarction
Study: 1586788

Adverse event: delivery

Adverse event: breast feeding

Adverse event: delivery

Adverse event: breast feeding

Adverse event: breast feeding

Adverse event: breast feeding
Study: 31981713

Adverse event: tuberculosis

Adverse event: tuberculosis

Adverse event: tuberculosis
Study: 31042154

Adverse event: pregnancy

Adverse event: pregnancy
Study: 28245151

Adverse event: nodule

Adverse event: nodule
Study: 20860765

Adverse event: pain
Study: 19531054

Adverse event: fasting

Adverse event: fasting

Adverse event: adverse event

Adverse event: adverse event
Study: 15450558

Adverse event: cardiac index

Adverse event: stroke volume

Adverse event: cardiac index

Adverse event: oxygen saturation

Adverse event: venous oxygen saturation
Study: 9718615

Adverse event: fractures
Study: 2626955

Adverse event: tinnitus
Study: 823405

Adverse event: paralysis
Study: 31397726

Adverse event: stress

Adverse event: anxiety
Study: 27284868

Adverse event: injury

Adverse event: injury
Study: 20938770

Adverse event: prone position

Adverse event: supine position
Study: 17206703

Adverse event: colectomy
Study: 14739846

Adverse event: blood glucose

Adverse event: blood glucose
Study: 11238498

Adverse event: fibrin d dimer

Adverse event: fibrin

Adverse event: plasminogen

Adverse event: factor vii activity decreased
Study: 29466682

Adverse event: hypoxia

Adverse event: hypoxia
Study: 27007272

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain
Study: 25151541

Adverse event: skin toxicity

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: skin toxicity
Study: 18165082

Adverse event: anterior chamber flare
Study: 12903699

Adverse event: pain
Study: 22987083

Adverse event: stomatitis
Study: 10365610

Adverse event: neuromuscular blockade
Study: 8724880

Adverse event: gastrectomy

Adverse event: cholecystectomy

Adverse event: gastrectomy

Adverse event: gastrectomy

Adverse event: gastrectomy
Study: 8370422

Adverse event: neutropenia

Adverse event: infection

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: neutropenia

Adverse event: infection
Study: 3530633

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pregnancy

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pregnancy
Study: 24188894

Adverse event: apolipoprotein b

Adverse event: apolipoprotein
Study: 21800179

Adverse event: condom

Adverse event: condom

Adverse event: condom

Adverse event: syphilis
Study: 19895770

Adverse event: alcohol use
Study: 17255277

Adverse event: hypoxia
Study: 12472325

Adverse event: depression

Adverse event: depression

Adverse event: depression
Study: 6133803

Adverse event: hallucination

Adverse event: delusion

Adverse event: blunted affect
Study: 22527894

Adverse event: pregnancy

Adverse event: pregnancy
Study: 18096042

Adverse event: discomfort

Adverse event: discomfort
Study: 15188897

Adverse event: pain
Study: 7917733

Adverse event: surgery

Adverse event: spirometry

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: surgery
Study: 15764423

Adverse event: substance use
Study: 30940012

Adverse event: depression
Study: 29120984

Adverse event: muscle mass

Adverse event: mass

Adverse event: muscle mass

Adverse event: mass
Study: 26752496

Adverse event: vertigo

Adverse event: vertigo

Adverse event: migraine

Adverse event: vertigo
Study: 24570015

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain
Study: 17457131

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain
Study: 8124803

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: stress
Study: 5472756

Adverse event: injection

Adverse event: free fatty acids

Adverse event: cardiac arrhythmias
Study: 26218818

Adverse event: infant

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: infant

Adverse event: pain
Study: 19501658

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain
Study: 11778284

Adverse event: laryngectomy
Study: 7901058

Adverse event: cellulitis
Study: 2419945

Adverse event: infusion

Adverse event: fall

Adverse event: venous occlusion
Study: 30175373

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain
Study: 27575731

Adverse event: radiotherapy
Study: 18591315

Adverse event: hot flush

Adverse event: hot flush

Adverse event: fasting

Adverse event: fasting

Adverse event: fasting
Study: 15967450

Adverse event: abortion

Adverse event: abortion
Study: 12429856

Adverse event: adhesion

Adverse event: adhesion

Adverse event: adhesion

Adverse event: adhesion

Adverse event: low density lipoprotein

Adverse event: lipoprotein increased

Adverse event: low density lipoprotein
Study: 10518249

Adverse event: transferrin

Adverse event: apolipoprotein
Study: 7488444

Adverse event: ejection fraction

Adverse event: ejection fraction

Adverse event: ejection fraction
Study: 30591959

Adverse event: chemotherapy

Adverse event: chemotherapy

Adverse event: chemotherapy
Study: 27984535

Adverse event: necrosis

Adverse event: necrosis
Study: 23760634

Adverse event: viral load
Study: 18318099

Adverse event: pain
Study: 15965673

Adverse event: keratitis
Study: 11988609

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: death
Study: 7625342

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight decreased

Adverse event: low density lipoprotein
Study: 1978212

Adverse event: haptoglobin
Study: 31743566

Adverse event: bone loss

Adverse event: bone loss
Study: 23760009

Adverse event: endothelin

Adverse event: endothelin
Study: 8425703

Adverse event: biopsy
Study: 3300755

Adverse event: sedation

Adverse event: amnesia

Adverse event: anterograde amnesia
Study: 28606084

Adverse event: blood glucose

Adverse event: blood glucose decreased

Adverse event: fasting

Adverse event: haemoglobin

Adverse event: haemoglobin decreased

Adverse event: glycosylated haemoglobin decreased

Adverse event: glycosylated haemoglobin

Adverse event: waist circumference decreased

Adverse event: waist circumference

Adverse event: body mass index

Adverse event: mass

Adverse event: metabolic syndrome
Study: 25641704

Adverse event: injection
Study: 20885188

Adverse event: heart rate

Adverse event: heart rate
Study: 18426844

Adverse event: genital discomfort

Adverse event: discomfort
Study: 15894775

Adverse event: nephropathy

Adverse event: nephropathy
Study: 10765098

Adverse event: chemotherapy
Study: 8653870

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: troponin t

Adverse event: troponin

Adverse event: myocardial infarction

Adverse event: cardiac death

Adverse event: infarction

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: myocardial infarction

Adverse event: cardiac death

Adverse event: infarction
Study: 1462882

Adverse event: bronchial hyperreactivity

Adverse event: cough
Study: 26828710

Adverse event: disability

Adverse event: injury
Study: 22613054

Adverse event: substance use

Adverse event: substance abuse
Study: 20102552

Adverse event: renal function test
Study: 15802870

Adverse event: percutaneous coronary intervention

Adverse event: ventricular fibrillation

Adverse event: sinus rhythm

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: surgery

Adverse event: myocardial infarction

Adverse event: infarction

Adverse event: acute myocardial infarction
Study: 14666763

Adverse event: blood glucose

Adverse event: blood glucose
Study: 1624967

Adverse event: myocardial infarction

Adverse event: infarction

Adverse event: myocardial infarction

Adverse event: infarction
Study: 6385316

Adverse event: mass

Adverse event: hypersplenism

Adverse event: pancreatitis
Study: 29460388

Adverse event: headache
Study: 26808034

Adverse event: laparotomy

Adverse event: laparotomy
Study: 24258152

Adverse event: swelling

Adverse event: venous thrombosis

Adverse event: thrombosis
Study: 22997787

Adverse event: amylase

Adverse event: amylase
Study: 19756027

Adverse event: vitamin b1
Study: 3510422

Adverse event: anxiety
Study: 29153250

Adverse event: stress

Adverse event: stress
Study: 25143491

Adverse event: stress

Adverse event: stress
Study: 22442431

Adverse event: disability
Study: 20528696

Adverse event: gingival recession

Adverse event: gingival recession
Study: 10563619

Adverse event: partial seizures

Adverse event: dizziness

Adverse event: tremor

Adverse event: ataxia

Adverse event: nausea
Study: 25873233

Adverse event: body mass index

Adverse event: mass

Adverse event: body mass index

Adverse event: mass
Study: 23174629

Adverse event: body mass index

Adverse event: mass

Adverse event: body mass index

Adverse event: mass
Study: 21332635

Adverse event: delivery

Adverse event: delivery
Study: 18834620

Adverse event: transfusion

Adverse event: transfusion
Study: 15921508

Adverse event: antipsychotic therapy
Study: 12243012

Adverse event: embolism

Adverse event: pulmonary embolism

Adverse event: embolism

Adverse event: pulmonary embolism
Study: 10416052

Adverse event: hepatitis

Adverse event: hepatitis b
Study: 7589772

Adverse event: tidal volume

Adverse event: forced expiratory volume

Adverse event: forced expiratory flow
Study: 26054865

Adverse event: pain
Study: 17472864

Adverse event: headache
Study: 15041615

Adverse event: delivery

Adverse event: delivery
Study: 23523116

Adverse event: pain
Study: 9128234

Adverse event: catheter removal

Adverse event: infection
Study: 8201126

Adverse event: hunger

Adverse event: stress

Adverse event: hunger

Adverse event: stress
Study: 23523116

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain
Study: 20492735

Adverse event: hunger

Adverse event: hunger
Study: 15750370

Adverse event: surgery

Adverse event: acupuncture

Adverse event: surgery
Study: 11834955

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: death
Study: 7730690

Adverse event: increased appetite

Adverse event: nausea

Adverse event: weight
Study: 23489975

Adverse event: fasting
Study: 20492735

Adverse event: hunger
Study: 26912555

Adverse event: stomatitis

Adverse event: acne

Adverse event: albuminuria

Adverse event: proteinuria

Adverse event: angioedema

Adverse event: upper respiratory tract infections

Adverse event: respiratory tract infections

Adverse event: albuminuria

Adverse event: proteinuria

Adverse event: upper respiratory tract infections

Adverse event: respiratory tract infections
Study: 24246498

Adverse event: multiple sclerosis

Adverse event: disability
Study: 8973753

Adverse event: apolipoprotein b

Adverse event: apolipoprotein
Study: 23489975

Adverse event: infusion
Study: 16188178

Adverse event: transplant

Adverse event: transplant
Study: 14511965

Adverse event: hypertension

Adverse event: eclampsia

Adverse event: gestational hypertension
Study: 8973753

Adverse event: apolipoprotein e

Adverse event: apolipoprotein

Adverse event: blood pressure decreased

Adverse event: blood pressure decreased
Study: 1405352

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: renal failure

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: renal failure
Study: 3910260

Adverse event: headache

Adverse event: headache
Study: 26678666

Adverse event: blood glucose
Study: 22719060

Adverse event: pulmonary arterial pressure

Adverse event: ejection fraction

Adverse event: pulmonary arterial pressure

Adverse event: ejection fraction
Study: 20150526

Adverse event: low density lipoprotein

Adverse event: low density lipoprotein
Study: 15927951

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: discharge

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: discharge
Study: 30006417

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: death
Study: 26121432

Adverse event: tension
Study: 20518806

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight
Study: 12387554

Adverse event: substance use
Study: 2452997

Adverse event: mean arterial pressure

Adverse event: mean arterial pressure

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight increased
Study: 11737617

Adverse event: serum ferritin

Adverse event: serum ferritin
Study: 26749073

Adverse event: surgery
Study: 24784512

Adverse event: concussion

Adverse event: concussion
Study: 17392540

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight
Study: 9727767

Adverse event: infant

Adverse event: respiratory failure

Adverse event: acute respiratory failure

Adverse event: mechanical ventilation
Study: 8059023

Adverse event: plasma viscosity
Study: 2647294

Adverse event: depression

Adverse event: fatigue

Adverse event: headache

Adverse event: myelosuppression

Adverse event: depression

Adverse event: fatigue

Adverse event: headache

Adverse event: myelosuppression
Study: 29761211

Adverse event: injection

Adverse event: pain
Study: 28780563

Adverse event: caregiver

Adverse event: caregiver

Adverse event: fatigue
Study: 26505201

Adverse event: anxiety

Adverse event: anxiety

Adverse event: depression

Adverse event: heart rate

Adverse event: stress

Adverse event: anxiety

Adverse event: depression

Adverse event: heart rate

Adverse event: stress

Adverse event: anxiety
Study: 24565712

Adverse event: asthma

Adverse event: asthma

Adverse event: asthma

Adverse event: asthma
Study: 21546164

Adverse event: oxytocin

Adverse event: stress

Adverse event: dysphoria

Adverse event: oxytocin

Adverse event: drug interaction

Adverse event: stress

Adverse event: oxytocin

Adverse event: childhood

Adverse event: stress

Adverse event: oxytocin

Adverse event: stress
Study: 2429334

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: dyspepsia

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: dyspepsia
Study: 29784257

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain
Study: 27678438

Adverse event: necrosis

Adverse event: necrosis
Study: 24891946

Adverse event: binge eating

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: binge eating
Study: 21937526

Adverse event: somatosensory evoked potentials

Adverse event: pain
Study: 20235203

Adverse event: varicella

Adverse event: arthritis

Adverse event: juvenile idiopathic arthritis
Study: 18514633

Adverse event: blood glucose

Adverse event: insulin resistance

Adverse event: fasting
Study: 7473999

Adverse event: mechanical ventilation

Adverse event: mechanical ventilation
Study: 2277475

Adverse event: ejection fraction

Adverse event: mass

Adverse event: ejection fraction

Adverse event: mass
Study: 30777957

Adverse event: infection
Study: 25487172

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain
Study: 24499061

Adverse event: hernia

Adverse event: incisional hernia

Adverse event: hernia repair

Adverse event: incisional hernia repair

Adverse event: surgery
Study: 2789777

Adverse event: surgery

Adverse event: myringotomy
Study: 14979748

Adverse event: dissociation

Adverse event: heart rate
Study: 11377926

Adverse event: anxiety

Adverse event: anxiety
Study: 9233710

Adverse event: infection
Study: 8013155

Adverse event: neoadjuvant therapy
Study: 3626867

Adverse event: fasting

Adverse event: fasting
Study: 19558888

Adverse event: metastasis
Study: 2789777

Adverse event: otitis media

Adverse event: effusion

Adverse event: surgery

Adverse event: middle ear effusion

Adverse event: otitis media

Adverse event: effusion

Adverse event: middle ear effusion

Adverse event: myringotomy

Adverse event: perforation
Study: 25189602

Adverse event: brain natriuretic peptide

Adverse event: atrial fibrillation
Study: 3626867

Adverse event: fasting
Study: 8333480

Adverse event: fibronectin
Study: 3552680

Adverse event: tachycardia

Adverse event: constipation

Adverse event: visual analogue scale
Study: 31025578

Adverse event: metastasis

Adverse event: metastasis
Study: 16520560

Adverse event: depression

Adverse event: depression
Study: 10513708

Adverse event: anxiety

Adverse event: tic

Adverse event: anxiety
Study: 1794805

Adverse event: surgery

Adverse event: keratoplasty

Adverse event: surgery
Study: 31101662

Adverse event: epinephrine

Adverse event: epinephrine
Study: 29580277

Adverse event: married
Study: 27578972

Adverse event: forced expiratory volume

Adverse event: forced expiratory volume

Adverse event: forced expiratory volume

Adverse event: forced expiratory volume
Study: 16053953

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: sudden cardiac death

Adverse event: cardiac death
Study: 31307501

Adverse event: induration

Adverse event: scar

Adverse event: induration

Adverse event: scar

Adverse event: induration

Adverse event: scar

Adverse event: induration

Adverse event: scar
Study: 15576973

Adverse event: fractures

Adverse event: breast cancer
Study: 11699797

Adverse event: depression

Adverse event: depression
Study: 9073134

Adverse event: venous pressure

Adverse event: cardiac output

Adverse event: mean arterial pressure

Adverse event: atrial pressure

Adverse event: cardiac output
Study: 105386

Adverse event: haemodialysis
Study: 31701308

Adverse event: delirium

Adverse event: delirium

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain
Study: 27720273

Adverse event: necrosis

Adverse event: high density lipoprotein

Adverse event: apolipoprotein b

Adverse event: apolipoprotein

Adverse event: waist circumference
Study: 25086124

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain
Study: 22712503

Adverse event: disability

Adverse event: pain
Study: 18301120

Adverse event: depression
Study: 2337034

Adverse event: effusion

Adverse event: effusion
Study: 21161171

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: fall
Study: 19278806

Adverse event: discomfort

Adverse event: pain
Study: 15075653

Adverse event: symptom recurrence

Adverse event: surgery

Adverse event: surgery
Study: 11309017

Adverse event: laryngoscopy

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: sedation

Adverse event: anxiety
Study: 3299178

Adverse event: depression

Adverse event: irritability

Adverse event: crying

Adverse event: fatigue

Adverse event: mood swings

Adverse event: headache

Adverse event: anxiety

Adverse event: tension
Study: 20613459

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: virologic failure
Study: 29556706

Adverse event: wound

Adverse event: wound
Study: 27169838

Adverse event: carotene

Adverse event: carotene increased
Study: 25035292

Adverse event: menopause

Adverse event: metastases

Adverse event: osteonecrosis
Study: 23666772

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight

Adverse event: weight
Study: 20613459

Adverse event: virologic failure

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: tuberculosis

Adverse event: virologic failure

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: virologic failure
Study: 16875764

Adverse event: surgery
Study: 8824004

Adverse event: migraine
Study: 6541200

Adverse event: granuloma

Adverse event: fall
Study: 30556410

Adverse event: ejection fraction

Adverse event: ejection fraction
Study: 28000468

Adverse event: waist circumference decreased

Adverse event: body mass index

Adverse event: mass

Adverse event: waist circumference

Adverse event: waist circumference decreased

Adverse event: body mass index

Adverse event: mass

Adverse event: waist circumference

Adverse event: body mass index

Adverse event: mass

Adverse event: waist circumference increased

Adverse event: waist circumference
Study: 19555938

Adverse event: colonoscopy

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain
Study: 10923477

Adverse event: hepatitis a

Adverse event: hepatitis
Study: 26631687

Adverse event: agitation
Study: 11581449

Adverse event: death
Study: 14560232

Adverse event: supine position

Adverse event: supine position
Study: 10506617

Adverse event: chemotherapy
Study: 1862570

Adverse event: ascites
Study: 31775534

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: death

Adverse event: anxiety
Study: 31329221

Adverse event: ejection fraction
Study: 26164621

Adverse event: social anxiety disorder

Adverse event: anxiety disorder

Adverse event: anxiety

Adverse event: anxiety disorder

Adverse event: anxiety
Study: 24503744

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain
Study: 22272780

Adverse event: asthma

Adverse event: asthma
Study: 19343318

Adverse event: hypoglycaemia

Adverse event: norepinephrine

Adverse event: epinephrine
Study: 12645718

Adverse event: norepinephrine

Adverse event: intensive care
Study: 11057406

Adverse event: injection
Study: 6439233

Adverse event: ventricular fibrillation

Adverse event: tachycardia

Adverse event: ventricular tachycardia
Study: 24613024

Adverse event: polycythaemia

Adverse event: anaemia

Adverse event: transfusion
Study: 22443837

Adverse event: depression

Adverse event: depression
Study: 8966497

Adverse event: bone loss

Adverse event: bone loss
Study: 28753851

Adverse event: adverse event
Study: 27282110

Adverse event: physical examination

Adverse event: physical examination
Study: 20218940

Adverse event: heart rate

Adverse event: surgery
Study: 17315548

Adverse event: pain
Study: 12354129

Adverse event: heart rate

Adverse event: heart rate increased

Adverse event: angiotensin ii

Adverse event: angiotensin ii
Study: 9973032

Adverse event: heart rate

Adverse event: hypotension

Adverse event: hypertension
Study: 6109150

Adverse event: venous thrombosis

Adverse event: thrombosis

Adverse event: venous thrombosis

Adverse event: thrombosis
Study: 29778340

Adverse event: pain
Study: 26205958

Adverse event: delivery

Adverse event: delivery

Adverse event: delivery
Study: 20584236

Adverse event: hostility

Adverse event: hostility
Study: 15857327

Adverse event: mass

Adverse event: mass
Study: 14594786

Adverse event: carotene
Study: 8853832

Adverse event: bradycardia

Adverse event: sinus bradycardia

Adverse event: bradycardia

Adverse event: sinus bradycardia
Study: 6392119

Adverse event: hypertension

Adverse event: essential hypertension

Adverse event: hypertension

Adverse event: essential hypertension
Study: 26901268

Adverse event: weight
Study: 11722049

Adverse event: infection

Adverse event: infection
Study: 9202910

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: pain

Adverse event: injection
Study: 3659830

Adverse event: colorectal cancer

Adverse event: colorectal cancer
Study: 25769614

Adverse event: pain
Study: 22043670

Adverse event: acupuncture
Study: 17002927

Adverse event: fasting

Adverse event: fasting
Study: 9299652

Adverse event: weight
Study: 8285776

Adverse event: heart rate