Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The ParkFit Study; Effectiveness of an Active Lifestyle Promotion Program for Patients With Parkinson's Disease
Brief Summary: Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) are heavily inclined towards a sedentary lifestyle. This is caused by a combination of physical impairments and cognitive dysfunction. However, regular physical activity in PD is highly desirable, for two reasons. First, physical activity has positive generic effects in preventing complications such as cardiovascular diseases, type II diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis and certain cases of cancer. Secondly, physical activity has additional disease-specific merits in PD such as depression, sleep disturbances and constipation. These effects lead to raised quality of life. Furthermore, animal studies suggest that physical activity could slow down disease progression.

Simply informing patients about the importance of physical activity is not enough to initiate and maintain an adequate level of physical activity. We propose to develop a physical activity promoting program for sedentary patients with PD in order to raise their level of daily physical activity.

Objective: The first aim of the study is to investigate whether a physical activity promotion program will result in an increase in physical activity in sedentary patients with PD.

The second aim is to demonstrate an increase in physical fitness and quality of life.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with idiopathic PD, diagnosed according to the Brain Bank criteria of the UK Parkinson's Disease Society
* Living independently in the community
* Able to complete the trial questionnaires.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Atypical parkinsonian syndromes
* Hoehn \& Yahr stage 5
* Severe cognitive impairment
* Presence of major psychiatric disorders
* Severe co-morbidity (e.g. cancer) that interferes with daily functioning.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

(1) idiopathic Parkinson's disease, (2) intact cognition (Mini-Mental State Examination; MMSE\>24), 22 (3) Hoehn and Yahr (H-Y) stage II-III diagnosed by neurologists, (4) not participated in any balance or gait training previously, (5) able to follow simple command and had no uncontrolled chronic condition.-

Exclusion Criteria:

(1) history of other neurological, cardiovascular and orthopedic diseases affecting postural stability, (2) on-off motor fluctuation and dyskinesia above grade 3 by the Unified Parkinson' Disease Scale (UPDRS)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease
* Hoehn \& Yahr stages 1-3.5

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cardiovascular contraindications to aerobic exercise
* Reliance on walker or wheelchair
* Psychiatric conditions
* DBS or other surgeries
* Any other conditions that would interfere with exercise
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Idiopathic PD
* Hoehn and Yahr stage I-III
* Between 40 and 75 years old
* Not meeting the norm for healthy physical activity: the latter being defined according to international standards as either five days a week 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity, or 3 days a week 20 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity

Exclusion Criteria:

* Wheel chair bounded
* Severe co-morbidity (e.g. orthopaedic disorders or chronic hart failure)
* Severe cognitive decline, defined as Mini Mental State Examination \< 24

Answer: D