Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Testing Means to Scale Early Childhood Development Interventions in Rural Kenya
Brief Summary: This study aims to experimentally test the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of competing models of delivery of an Early Childhood Development (ECD) intervention in rural Kenya to determine how to maximize their reach to improve child cognitive, language and relevant psychosocial outcomes. The study will also include a longer-term evaluation of sustained impacts; an examination of the pathways of change leading to intervention impacts to inform policy; and examination of the role of paternal involvement on child development. Findings will provide policy makers with rigorous evidence of how best to expand ECD interventions in low-resource rural settings to improve child developmental outcomes for both the short-and longer-term.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Kenyan mothers or equivalent female primary caretakers aged 15 and over with children aged 6-24 months (classified as mature minors)
* Kenyan fathers aged 18 and older with children aged 6-24 months with a mother present

The unit of observation for the study is the household or family, within which the primary focus is mother-child dyads and household eligibility hinges on the age of the child. For those households with a father present, the study will additionally include him in some analyses and surveys.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Households without children
* Households with children that are outside the age range of 6-24 months at baseline
* Households with a mother younger than 15 or one aged 15-18 still living with her parents
* Single fathers

Selection criteria for fathers are based on the mother-child eligibility criteria. Fathers will be included if and when appropriate per the details surrounding the mother-child dyads.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

Households that meet the following eligibility criteria will be invited to participate in the study:

1. Household meets locally defined poverty criteria (classified as an ultrapoor household);
2. Mother or female caregiver of at least one child between the ages of 10 and 15.
3. Child is between the ages of 10 and 15.
4. Male head of household provides permission for his wife and child to participate in the study;
5. Eligible child and female caregiver/parent can commit to study participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Household doesn't meet locally defined poverty criteria (classified as an ultrapoor household);
2. Mother or female caregiver doesn't have at least one child between the ages of 10 and 15.
3. Child is not between the ages of 10 and 15.
4. Male head of household does not provide permission for his wife and child to participate in the study;
5. Eligible child or mother/female caregiver cannot commit to study participation.

Participants are also excluded from participation in the study if the child or the parent is assessed to have a cognitive impairment that would interfere with their ability to provide informed consent and participate in the study.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years or older, pregnant, and HIV+
* Enrolled in the PMTCT program at the study site clinic
* Receiving medical care from study site clinic
* Residing in study area for duration of study
* No psychosis, neurological damage, or IQ less than 70, as judged by an interviewer in consultation with a clinical supervisor
* Ability to give informed consent as judged by an interviewer

Exclusion Criteria:

* Less than 18 years, or not pregnant, or not HIV+
* Not enrolled in the PMTCT program at the study site clinic
* Not receiving medical care from study site clinic
* Not residing in study area for duration of study
* Psychosis, neurological damage, or IQ less than 70, as judged by an interviewer in consultation with a clinical supervisor
* Clinical provider (nurse or physician) believes it is not in the best interest of the MLH
* Unable to give informed consent
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Malay patients
* Diagnosed with T2D for at least two years
* On regular follow-up with at least three visits in the past one year
* Have diabetes-related distress (mean DDS-17 score ≥ 3)
* Showing poor disease control (not reaching targets for one of the three biomarkers, namely HbA1c ≥ 8%, blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mmHg and LDL-C \> 2.6 mmol/L)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who are enrolled in other clinical studies
* Pregnant or lactating
* Having psychiatric/ psychological disorders that could impair judgments and memory
* Patients who cannot read or understand English or Malay
* Patients who scored ≥ 20 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) that suggest a severe depression

Answer: A