TrialPanorama/Dataset huggingface dataset:
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Phase I Study of GW685698X-A Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel-group, Repeat Dose Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Inhaled Dose From a Novel Dry Powder Device in Healthy Japanese Male Subjects.
Brief Summary: This is a randomized, double blind, placebo controlled, parallel-group, repeat dose study to investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled dose from a novel dry powder device in healthy Japanese male subjects.


Options:
A: Arm Label: arm 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: GW685698X | Arm Label: arm 2; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): arm 2 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: GW685698X; Assigned to Arm(s): arm 1
B: Arm Label: Subjects receiving fluticasone foroate/ vilanterol; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Fluticasone foroate/ vilanterol, Drug: Fluticasone foroate, Drug: Vilanterol | Arm Label: Subjects receiving fluticasone foroate; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Fluticasone foroate | Arm Label: Subjects receiving vilanterol; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Vilanterol | Arm Label: Subjects receiving placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Fluticasone foroate/ vilanterol; Assigned to Arm(s): Subjects receiving fluticasone foroate/ vilanterol | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Fluticasone foroate; Assigned to Arm(s): Subjects receiving fluticasone foroate, Subjects receiving fluticasone foroate/ vilanterol | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Vilanterol; Assigned to Arm(s): Subjects receiving fluticasone foroate/ vilanterol, Subjects receiving vilanterol | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Subjects receiving placebo
C: Arm Label: FF/VI; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: FF/VI | Arm Label: Existing Maintenance Therapy; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: Existing Maintenance Therapy | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: FF/VI; Assigned to Arm(s): FF/VI | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Existing Maintenance Therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Existing Maintenance Therapy
D: Arm Label: Treatment Phase A; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: FF, Drug: UMEC, Drug: VI | Arm Label: Treatment Phase B; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: FF, Drug: UMEC, Drug: VI | Arm Label: Treatment Phase C; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: FF, Drug: UMEC, Drug: VI | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: FF; Assigned to Arm(s): Treatment Phase A, Treatment Phase B, Treatment Phase C | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: UMEC; Assigned to Arm(s): Treatment Phase A, Treatment Phase B, Treatment Phase C | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: VI; Assigned to Arm(s): Treatment Phase A, Treatment Phase B, Treatment Phase C

Answer: A
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Mentor Mothers: A Sustainable Family Intervention in South African Townships
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to test a mother-to-mother intervention during pregnancy and after delivery with Mothers Living with HIV (MLH)in South Africa. We hypothesize that the intervention will enhance the adjustment of the children of MLH by improving the health and mental health of MLH which benefits their children, as well as the MLH.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Mentor Mothers Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Peer support and mentoring | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Peer support and mentoring; Assigned to Arm(s): Mentor Mothers Intervention
B: Arm Label: Treamtent-as-usual; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: Treatment-as-usual | Arm Label: Narrative Exposure Therapy; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Narrative Exposure Therapy | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Narrative Exposure Therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Narrative Exposure Therapy | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Treatment-as-usual; Assigned to Arm(s): Treamtent-as-usual
C: Arm Label: Intervention arm; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: The SHARE Project | Arm Label: Control arm; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: The SHARE Project; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention arm
D: Arm Label: Qigong training; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Qigong training | Arm Label: Wait-list control- Health talks; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: Wait-list control- Health talks | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Qigong training; Assigned to Arm(s): Qigong training | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Wait-list control- Health talks; Assigned to Arm(s): Wait-list control- Health talks

Answer: A
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Mentor Mothers: A Sustainable Family Intervention in South African Townships
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to test a mother-to-mother intervention during pregnancy and after delivery with Mothers Living with HIV (MLH)in South Africa. We hypothesize that the intervention will enhance the adjustment of the children of MLH by improving the health and mental health of MLH which benefits their children, as well as the MLH.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Group problem management plus; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Group problem management plus | Arm Label: Enhanced treatment as usual; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Group problem management plus, Behavioral: Enhanced treatment as usual | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Group problem management plus; Assigned to Arm(s): Enhanced treatment as usual, Group problem management plus | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Enhanced treatment as usual; Assigned to Arm(s): Enhanced treatment as usual
B: Arm Label: Collaborative Stepped Care; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Collaborative Stepped Care Intervention | Arm Label: Enhanced Usual Care; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Enhanced Usual Care | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Collaborative Stepped Care Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Collaborative Stepped Care | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Enhanced Usual Care; Assigned to Arm(s): Enhanced Usual Care
C: Arm Label: mSBIRT; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Screening, Brief Intervention, Referral to Treatment | Arm Label: SBIRT-CTS),; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Screening, Brief Intervention, Referral to Treatment | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Screening, Brief Intervention, Referral to Treatment; Assigned to Arm(s): SBIRT-CTS),, mSBIRT
D: Arm Label: Mentor Mothers Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Peer support and mentoring | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Peer support and mentoring; Assigned to Arm(s): Mentor Mothers Intervention

Answer: D
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Mentor Mothers: A Sustainable Family Intervention in South African Townships
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to test a mother-to-mother intervention during pregnancy and after delivery with Mothers Living with HIV (MLH)in South Africa. We hypothesize that the intervention will enhance the adjustment of the children of MLH by improving the health and mental health of MLH which benefits their children, as well as the MLH.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Family Function Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Familias Unidas | Arm Label: Treatment as Usual; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Familias Unidas; Assigned to Arm(s): Family Function Intervention
B: Arm Label: Mentor Mothers Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Peer support and mentoring | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Peer support and mentoring; Assigned to Arm(s): Mentor Mothers Intervention
C: Arm Label: 1-Day MBSR; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: MBSR | Arm Label: 8-week MBSR; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: MBSR | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: MBSR; Assigned to Arm(s): 1-Day MBSR, 8-week MBSR
D: Arm Label: CBT-AD; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: CBT-AD | Arm Label: ETAU; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: ETAU | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: CBT-AD; Assigned to Arm(s): CBT-AD | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: ETAU; Assigned to Arm(s): ETAU

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Mentor Mothers: A Sustainable Family Intervention in South African Townships
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to test a mother-to-mother intervention during pregnancy and after delivery with Mothers Living with HIV (MLH)in South Africa. We hypothesize that the intervention will enhance the adjustment of the children of MLH by improving the health and mental health of MLH which benefits their children, as well as the MLH.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Home-based counselling visits by volunteers; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Home-based counselling | Arm Label: Standard care through existing health system; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Home-based counselling; Assigned to Arm(s): Home-based counselling visits by volunteers
B: Arm Label: Mentor Mothers Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Peer support and mentoring | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Peer support and mentoring; Assigned to Arm(s): Mentor Mothers Intervention
C: Arm Label: Newhints; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Home visits | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Home visits; Assigned to Arm(s): Newhints
D: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Co-Trimoxazole; TMP-SMZ; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Mentor Mothers: A Sustainable Family Intervention in South African Townships
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to test a mother-to-mother intervention during pregnancy and after delivery with Mothers Living with HIV (MLH)in South Africa. We hypothesize that the intervention will enhance the adjustment of the children of MLH by improving the health and mental health of MLH which benefits their children, as well as the MLH.


Options:
A: Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Newborn Thermal Care Practice; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
B: Arm Label: EMONC: Community mobilization, HBLSS and Facility Improvement; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Community Mobilization, HBLSS and facility improvement | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Community Mobilization, HBLSS and facility improvement; Assigned to Arm(s): EMONC: Community mobilization, HBLSS and Facility Improvement
C: Arm Label: Mentor Mothers Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Peer support and mentoring | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Peer support and mentoring; Assigned to Arm(s): Mentor Mothers Intervention
D: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Co-Trimoxazole; TMP-SMZ; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Mentor Mothers: A Sustainable Family Intervention in South African Townships
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to test a mother-to-mother intervention during pregnancy and after delivery with Mothers Living with HIV (MLH)in South Africa. We hypothesize that the intervention will enhance the adjustment of the children of MLH by improving the health and mental health of MLH which benefits their children, as well as the MLH.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Mentor Mothers Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Peer support and mentoring | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Peer support and mentoring; Assigned to Arm(s): Mentor Mothers Intervention
B: Arm Label: Waitlist-Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Common Elements Treatment Approach; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Common Elements Treatment Approach | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Common Elements Treatment Approach; Assigned to Arm(s): Common Elements Treatment Approach
C: Arm Label: Standard Positive Prevention Counselling; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Motivational intervention counselling plus SPP | Arm Label: Alcohol Motivational intervention counselling plus SPP; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Motivational intervention counselling plus SPP | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Motivational intervention counselling plus SPP; Assigned to Arm(s): Alcohol Motivational intervention counselling plus SPP, Standard Positive Prevention Counselling
D: Arm Label: Computer-based alcohol reduction intervention + Clinician-delivered brief MET counseling; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Computer-based alcohol reduction intervention, Behavioral: Brief clinician-delivered MET, Behavioral: Standard of care | Arm Label: Clinician-delivered brief MET counseling; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Brief clinician-delivered MET, Behavioral: Standard of care | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Computer-based alcohol reduction intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Computer-based alcohol reduction intervention + Clinician-delivered brief MET counseling | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Brief clinician-delivered MET; Assigned to Arm(s): Clinician-delivered brief MET counseling, Computer-based alcohol reduction intervention + Clinician-delivered brief MET counseling | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Standard of care; Assigned to Arm(s): Clinician-delivered brief MET counseling, Computer-based alcohol reduction intervention + Clinician-delivered brief MET counseling

Answer: A
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Study to Evaluate the Clinical and Microbial Efficacy of Besifloxacin Ophthalmic Suspension, 0.6% BID Compared to Vehicle in the Treatment of Bacterial Conjunctivitis.
Brief Summary: This study is being conducted to evaluate the clinical and microbial efficacy of besifloxacin ophthalmic suspension compared with vehicle in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. This study was conducted as a phase IIb study and continued with further enrollment as a phase III study.


Options:
A: Arm Label: AzaSite; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: AzaSite | Arm Label: Vehicle; Type: SHAM_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Vehicle | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: AzaSite; Assigned to Arm(s): AzaSite | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Vehicle; Assigned to Arm(s): Vehicle
B: Arm Label: Moxifloxacin AF; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Moxifloxacin Alternative Formulation (AF) Ophthalmic Solution 0.5% | Arm Label: Vehicle; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Moxifloxacin AF Vehicle | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Moxifloxacin Alternative Formulation (AF) Ophthalmic Solution 0.5%; Assigned to Arm(s): Moxifloxacin AF | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Moxifloxacin AF Vehicle; Assigned to Arm(s): Vehicle
C: Arm Label: ISV-403; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: ISV-403 | Arm Label: Vehicle; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Vehicle | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: ISV-403; Assigned to Arm(s): ISV-403 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Vehicle; Assigned to Arm(s): Vehicle
D: Arm Label: Besifloxacin; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Besifloxacin | Arm Label: Vehicle; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Vehicle (Placebo) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Besifloxacin; Assigned to Arm(s): Besifloxacin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Vehicle (Placebo); Assigned to Arm(s): Vehicle

Answer: D
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Corticosteroid Treatment for Community-Acquired Pneumonia A Randomized, Double-blind Study- The STEP Trial
Brief Summary: Background: An intact hypothalami-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with an effective intracellular anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is indispensable for host survival during stress upon exposure to an infectious agent. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is characterized by significant mortality and increased circulating inflammatory cytokines. Despite adequate antimicrobial therapy mortality rates for CAP have not changed over several decades. The use of corticosteroids in patients with CAP is inconclusive.

Study aim: To compare a 7 days treatment with prednisone and placebo in patients with community-acquired pneumonia with respect to time to clinical stability.

Study hypothesis: The investigators hypothesize that use of corticosteroids will lead to a 25% relative risk reduction for death and clinical instability.

Study type: randomized double blind intervention study

Patients: 800 patients with community-acquired pneumonia


Options:
A: Arm Label: 1; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: dexamethasone | Arm Label: 2; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: dexamethasone | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: dexamethasone; Assigned to Arm(s): 1, 2
B: Arm Label: methylprednisolone; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: methylprednisolone | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: methylprednisolone; Assigned to Arm(s): methylprednisolone | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
C: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: prednisone; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
D: Arm Label: Prednisone; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Prednisone | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Prednisone | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Prednisone; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo, Prednisone

Answer: D
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Corticosteroid Treatment for Community-Acquired Pneumonia A Randomized, Double-blind Study- The STEP Trial
Brief Summary: Background: An intact hypothalami-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with an effective intracellular anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is indispensable for host survival during stress upon exposure to an infectious agent. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is characterized by significant mortality and increased circulating inflammatory cytokines. Despite adequate antimicrobial therapy mortality rates for CAP have not changed over several decades. The use of corticosteroids in patients with CAP is inconclusive.

Study aim: To compare a 7 days treatment with prednisone and placebo in patients with community-acquired pneumonia with respect to time to clinical stability.

Study hypothesis: The investigators hypothesize that use of corticosteroids will lead to a 25% relative risk reduction for death and clinical instability.

Study type: randomized double blind intervention study

Patients: 800 patients with community-acquired pneumonia


Options:
A: Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: Hydrocortisone; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Hydrocortisone | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Hydrocortisone; Assigned to Arm(s): Hydrocortisone
B: Arm Label: H; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: hydrocortisone | Arm Label: P; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: NaCl | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: hydrocortisone; Assigned to Arm(s): H | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: NaCl; Assigned to Arm(s): P
C: Arm Label: 1; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: dexamethasone | Arm Label: 2; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: dexamethasone | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: dexamethasone; Assigned to Arm(s): 1, 2
D: Arm Label: Prednisone; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Prednisone | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Prednisone | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Prednisone; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo, Prednisone

Answer: D
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Corticosteroid Treatment for Community-Acquired Pneumonia A Randomized, Double-blind Study- The STEP Trial
Brief Summary: Background: An intact hypothalami-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis with an effective intracellular anti-inflammatory activity of glucocorticoids is indispensable for host survival during stress upon exposure to an infectious agent. Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is characterized by significant mortality and increased circulating inflammatory cytokines. Despite adequate antimicrobial therapy mortality rates for CAP have not changed over several decades. The use of corticosteroids in patients with CAP is inconclusive.

Study aim: To compare a 7 days treatment with prednisone and placebo in patients with community-acquired pneumonia with respect to time to clinical stability.

Study hypothesis: The investigators hypothesize that use of corticosteroids will lead to a 25% relative risk reduction for death and clinical instability.

Study type: randomized double blind intervention study

Patients: 800 patients with community-acquired pneumonia


Options:
A: Arm Label: EN only; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Withholding PN during the first week of ICU stay | Arm Label: EN plus early PN; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Oliclinomel N71000 OR N71000E // Clinimix N17G35 OR N17G35E | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Withholding PN during the first week of ICU stay; Assigned to Arm(s): EN only | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Oliclinomel N71000 OR N71000E // Clinimix N17G35 OR N17G35E; Assigned to Arm(s): EN plus early PN
B: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: hydrocortisone 200 mg/day; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
C: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: intensive insulin therapy to maintain normoglycemia; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
D: Arm Label: Prednisone; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Prednisone | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Prednisone | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Prednisone; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo, Prednisone

Answer: D