Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: RCT of Financial Incentives to Translate ALLHAT Into Practice
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study was to determine whether financial incentives for guideline-recommended treatment of hypertension are effective. We hypothesized that patients with hypertension cared for by physicians or practice groups receiving financial incentives were more likely to be prescribed guideline-recommended anti-hypertensive medications and achieve Joint National Commission (JNC) 7 guideline-recommended blood pressure goals compared to patients who were treated by providers that did not receive financial incentives.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Parent/caregiver receiving HIV care
* Parent/caregiver has one or more children \<13 years old
* Child is HIV exposed (parent/caregiver report or clinic confirmation)
* Caregiver reports child's HIV status is unknown

Exclusion Criteria:

* None

  * The investigators reserve the right to exclude any potential enrollee who is deemed to be at high personal risk, or whose children are at high personal risk, of interpersonal violence, by study participation .
B: AIM 1 - TESTING TRIAL

Inclusion Criteria:

* Male
* ≥18 years
* Resident (≥6 months) in one of 4 study communities

Exclusion Criteria:

* Plan to move \<6 months from study start

AIM 2 - TREATMENT TRIAL

Inclusion Criteria:

* ≥18 years
* Resident (≥6 months) in one of 4 study communities
* HIV positive

Exclusion Criteria:

* Plan to move \<6 months from study start

AIM 3 - REPEAT TESTING PILOT

Inclusion Criteria:

* HIV-negative by rapid HIV antibody testing at pilot trial baseline,
* Ages 18 - 59 years old,
* Attendee of high-risk site of HIV acquisition (e.g. bars, trading centers, etc.) in the region

Exclusion Criteria:

* Intention to move away from the community in the 3 months from time of recruitment

AIM 3 - REPEAT TESTING TRIAL

Inclusion Criteria:

* HIV-negative by rapid HIV antibody testing at time of recruitment,
* Ages 18 - 59 years old,
* Reported willingness to retest for HIV in the six months following recruitment,
* Sexual risk behavior, defined as at least one of the following self-reported risks in the 12 months prior to recruitment:

  1. \>1 sexual partner, or
  2. known HIV-infected sexual partner, or
  3. sexually transmitted infection, or
  4. paid or received compensation or gifts for sex.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Intention to move away from the community for \>=4 consecutive months during the six months following recruitment
* A history of testing for HIV \>=3 times in the 12 months prior to recruitment
C: Inclusion Criteria

Participating individuals must:

1. be admitted to a hospital and be HIV-infected at the time of recruitment
2. be at least 18 years old
3. meet one of the following: A) have an AIDS-defining illness during the current hospital admission; or B) have the most recent CD4 count and viral load performed within the past 6 months be \<350 cells/uL and \>200 copies/mL; or C) have the most recent CD4 count and viral load performed within the past 12 months be \<=500 cells/uL and \>200 copies/mL or unknown accompanied by the Site PI's discretion that the patient a) is likely to currently have a viral load \>200 copies/mL, b) is not currently successfully/correctly taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) and c) needs to be on ART
4. report (or have evidence in the medical record of) any opioid and/or stimulant and/or heavy alcohol use within the past 12 months (Note: Medical record evidence may consist of a) positive toxicology screen(s) for stimulants or heavy alcohol or b) clinician notes indicating heavy use of alcohol, use of stimulants or non-prescribed opioids or abuse of prescribed opioids.)
5. have a Karnofsky performance scale index score of \>=60
6. provide informed consent
7. provide locator information
8. sign a HIPAA form / medical record release form to facilitate medical record abstraction
9. report living in the vicinity and being able to return for follow-up visits
10. complete the baseline assessment, including blood draw
11. be able to communicate in English

Exclusion Criteria

Individuals will be excluded from the study if they:

1. do not meet any one or more of the above-described inclusion criteria
2. have significant cognitive or developmental impairment to the extent that they are unable to provide informed consent
3. are terminated via Site PI decision with agreement from study Lead Investigator
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Study participants had to be full-time primary care physicians employed by the Veterans Health Administration (VA) at one of the 12 VA hospitals that participated in the study.

We defined a full-time primary care physician as spending at least 0.60 full-time equivalent (FTE) delivering patient care services in the primary care setting or having a panel size of at least 500 patients at the time of study arm randomization. The primary care settings included internal medicine, primary care medical clinics, and women's health care clinics. The trial did not actively recruit patients into the study. This study retrospectively reviewed a random sample of health records of eligible patients that had clinical encounters with the physician participants.

Exclusion Criteria:

The study did not include VA physicians that were trainees.

Answer: D