Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Sanitation, Hygiene, Infant Nutrition Efficacy Project
Brief Summary: Globally, stunting affects 26% (165 million) of under-5-year children, underlies 15-17% of their mortality and leads to long-term cognitive deficits, fewer years and poorer performance in school, lower adult economic productivity, and a higher risk that their own children will also be stunted, perpetuating the problem into future generations. Stunting begins antenatally and peaks at 18-24 months of postnatal life, when mean length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) is about -2.0 among children living in Africa and Asia. Improving the diets of young children can reduce stunting, though, at best, only by about one-third. Frequent diarrheal illness has also been implicated. However, the effect of diarrhea on permanent stunting is relatively small, maybe because children grow at "catch-up" rates between illness episodes.

The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial is motivated by a 2-part premise:

* A major cause of child stunting and anemia is Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED). EED is a subclinical disorder of the small intestine, which is virtually ubiquitous among asymptomatic people living in low-income settings throughout the world. EED is characterized by increased permeability which facilitates microbial translocation into the systemic circulation and triggers chronic immune activation.
* The primary cause of EED is infant ingestion of fecal microbes due to living in conditions of poor quality and quantity of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH).


Options:
A: Arm Label: Control; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Control | Arm Label: ECD Group; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: ECD | Arm Label: Enhanced Nutrition; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Enhanced Nutrition | Arm Label: ECD and Enhanced Nutrition; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: ECD, Behavioral: Enhanced Nutrition | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Control; Assigned to Arm(s): Control | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: ECD; Assigned to Arm(s): ECD Group, ECD and Enhanced Nutrition | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Enhanced Nutrition; Assigned to Arm(s): ECD and Enhanced Nutrition, Enhanced Nutrition
B: Arm Label: Standard of Care; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Standard care | Arm Label: WASH; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: WASH | Arm Label: Nutrition; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Infant and young child feeding | Arm Label: WASH and Nutrition; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: WASH and Nutrition | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Standard care; Assigned to Arm(s): Standard of Care | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: WASH; Assigned to Arm(s): WASH | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Infant and young child feeding; Assigned to Arm(s): Nutrition | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: WASH and Nutrition; Assigned to Arm(s): WASH and Nutrition
C: Arm Label: Abrupt Weaning; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: abrupt weaning at 4 months | Arm Label: Exclusive breastfeeding per WHO guidelines; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Continued exclusive breastfeeding | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: abrupt weaning at 4 months; Assigned to Arm(s): Abrupt Weaning | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Continued exclusive breastfeeding; Assigned to Arm(s): Exclusive breastfeeding per WHO guidelines
D: Arm Label: visit with grandmother; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: counseling sessions | Arm Label: visit without grandmother; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: counseling sessions | Arm Label: no visit with grandmother; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: no visit without grandmother; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: counseling sessions; Assigned to Arm(s): visit with grandmother, visit without grandmother

Answer: B