Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effectiveness of Tailored Physical Training Intervention (Prehabilitation) in High-risk Patients Underwent Major Abdominal Surgery on Postoperative Complications: Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Despite recent advances, morbidity and mortality associated to major abdominal surgery is significant. A poor physical condition and functional status reduces the ability of a person to cope, mentally and physically, with hospitalization and surgery and may compromise functional recovery, potentially leading to postoperative complications and death. Prehabilitation aims to enhance functional capacity preoperatively for better toleration of surgery and to facilitate recovery and eventually the prognosis of the surgical patient. Whereas the benefits of cardiopulmonary fitness programs are well established, the accessibility, sustainability of effects, and impact on the surgical outcome of these programs are unsolved issues. Wellness programs based on integrated care services supported by Information and Communication Technology (ICT) can overcome such limitations. The investigators hypothesized that a prehabilitation program, inducing beneficial effects on exercise capacity, may improve the surgical outcome in high-risk patients. Moreover, ICT support may contribute to increase the adherence and sustainability of this intervention.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Planned resection of colorectal liver metastasis
* Able to perform cycle based exercise program
* Age over 18

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable to consent
* Unable to perform cycle based exercise program
* Age under 18
B: Inclusion Criteria:

Patients over 70 years-old and/or American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) health status class III-IV, with a DASI (Duke Activity Score Index) \<46 points, referred for scheduled major abdominal surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unstable severe co-morbid disease
* Dementia and psychosis, severe mental disorder or substance abuse or dependence
* Disabling orthopedic and neuromuscular disease.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient desires an elective surgical repair
* Diagnosis of a ventral hernia with width on CT scan of 3-20 cm in diameter
* Age 18 years or greater
* Able to give informed consent
* BMI of 30-40 kg/m2
* Surgical candidate based upon surgeon assessment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient has a severe comorbid condition likely to limit survival to \< 2 years
* Patient has cirrhosis with or without ascites
* Patient has a bowel obstruction, strangulation, peritonitis, or perforation
* Patient has an indication for urgent surgery determined by surgeon such as full-thickness skin breakdown, enterocutaneous fistula, intermittent incarceration, or severe symptoms
* Patient has a local or systemic infection
* Patient is a prisoner
* Patient is pregnant or intends to become pregnant during the study period
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* All patients listed to undergo elective colorectal cancer resection and longcourse neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy at Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable to consent
* Under 18 years of age
* Unable to perform exercise
* Meet any contraindications on the ATS CPET safety guidelines

Answer: B