Please select the outcome measures that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Saving Lives With Better Gestational Age Estimation: Improving the Accuracy of Recall and Reporting of the Date of Last Menstrual Period (LMP) in Rural Bangladesh
Brief Summary: Background (brief):

1. Burden: Bangladesh has a high maternal (194 per 100,000 live births) and newborn mortality (28 per 1000 live births). In 2010, prematurity represented \~14% of all births and directly and indirectly contributed to 45% of all neonatal deaths. Gestational age (GA) is a key determinant of newborn survival and long-term impairment. Accurate estimation of GA facilitates timely provision of essential interventions to improve maternal and newborn outcomes.
2. Knowledge gap: Last menstrual period (LMP) is a simple, low-cost self reported information, recommended by the World Health Organization for estimating gestational age but has issues of recall mainly among poorer, less educated women and women with irregular menstruation, undiagnosed abortion, and spotting during early pregnancy. Several studies have noted that about 20-50% of women cannot accurately recall the date of LMP.
3. Relevance: The goal of this study is to improve maternal and newborn outcomes by increasing the accuracy of gestational age estimation, using menstrual based dating, that is vital for providing timely and necessary obstetric and newborn care interventions. The study will determine the efficacy of three community based interventions using e-platform targeted to improve the recall and reporting of the date of last menstrual period in a rural resource poor setting. The innovative e-platform based interventions, if successful, can provide substantial evidence to scale-up in a low resource setting where e-Health and m-Health initiatives are proliferating with active support from all sectors in policy and implementation.

Hypothesis :

1. Implementation of conventional and e-platform based interventions will lead to a 30% improvement in recall of the date of the LMP in adolescent girls and married women in rural Bangladesh.
2. Intervention triggered improvement in LMP date recall among pregnant women in rural Bangladesh will improve the accuracy in GA estimation.

Objectives: The main objectives of the study are to:

1. Determine whether a set of conventional and e-platform based interventions improve recall of the date of the LMP in adolescent girls and married women in rural Bangladesh.
2. Determine whether intervention triggered improvement in LMP date recall in rural Bangladesh improves the accuracy in GA estimation or not

Methods: A 4- parallel arm, superiority, community based cluster randomized controlled trial comparing three conventional and e-platform based interventions is proposed to improve recall of GA with a control arm. The trial will be conducted among adolescent girls and recently married women (within past two years) with no children or a single child in Mirzapur sub-district of Bangladesh.The interventions include (i) education and calendar for recording date of LMP (ii) education and SMS based system for recording dates of LMP and reminders using mobile phone (normal) (iii) education and smart-phone based application for recording dates of LMP with an inbuilt reminder system.

Outcome measures/variables: The trial has two primary outcomes, (i) improvement in the recall of LMP date among enrolled participants in the three different intervention compared to control arm and (ii) increased accuracy of LMP-based gestational age measurement, as compared to USG, following the intervention.


Options:
A: Adherence to PrEP (Baseline to Week 48)
B: Measles vaccination coverage (10 months)
C: Improvement in the recall of LMP date among enrolled participants in the intervention arms compared to control arm (12 months after enrollment); Increased accuracy of LMP-based gestational age measurement, as compared to USG (12 months after enrollment)
D: Immunization Rate (12 months)

Answer: C