Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: HipSTHeR - a Registerbased Randomized Controlled Trial - Hip Screws or (Total) Hip Replacement for Undisplaced Femoral Neck Fractures in Elderly Patients.
Brief Summary: A registerbased RCT will investigate whether arthroplasty can decrease the reoperation rate compared to internal fixation for patients with an undisplaced femoral neck fracture (Garden I-II).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult men or women aged 50 years and old (with no upper age limit)
* Fracture of the femoral neck, as confirmed with either anteroposterior or lateral hip radiographs, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
* Displaced fracture that is not, in the judgment of the attending surgeon, optimally managed by reduction and internal fixation
* Operative treatment is planned within 72 hours of the patient being medically cleared for surgery
* Patient was ambulatory prior to the fracture, though they may have used an aid such as a cane or a walker
* Anticipated medical optimization for arthroplasty of the hip
* Provision of informed consent by patient or proxy
* Low energy fracture (defined as a fall from standing height), with no other trauma
* Assurance from site that surgeons with expertise in both total hip arthroplasty and hemi-arthroplasty are available to perform surgery (Note: Surgeons do not need to be experts in both techniques)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not suitable for hemi-arthroplasty (i.e., inflammatory arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, pathologic fractures (secondary to cancer), or severe osteoarthritis of the hip)
* Associated major injuries of the lower extremity (e.g., ipsilateral or contralateral fractures of the foot, ankle, tibia, fibula, knee, or femur; dislocations of the ankle, knee, or hip; or femoral head defects or fracture)
* Retained hardware around the affected hip that will interfere with arthroplasty
* Infection around the hip (soft tissue or bone)
* Bone metabolism disorder except osteoporosis (e.g., Paget's disease, renal osteodystrophy, osteomalacia)
* Patients with a previous history of frank dementia that would interfere with the assessment of primary outcome (e.g., secondary procedures at 2 years).
* Likely problems, in the judgment of the investigators, with maintaining follow-up (e.g., no fixed address, plans to move out of town in the next year, or intellectually challenged and without adequate family support)
* Enrolled in another ongoing drug or surgical intervention trial
* Patients whose fracture occurred as a result of violence.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Acute displaced femoral neck fracture of hip (Garden classification 3-4)
* Independent walker with or without walking aides
* Patient willing to participate in the study and give written consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Fracture older than 36 hours before admission
* Osteoarthritis in the fractured hip
* Rheumatoid arthritis in the fractured hip
* Pathological fractures
* Contraindication for hip arthroplasty surgery
* Not suitable for inclusion for other reasons e.g. substance abuse
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Acute Displaced femoral neck fracture
* Subject is aged between 65-79 years
* Independent walker with or without walking aides
* Subject is able and capable of providing consent to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis
* Patients with an impaired cognitive dysfunction
* Patients with Pathological fractures
* Patients with substance abuse
* Patients with fracture older than 36-hours on arrival at the A\&E
* Patients suffering from cancer
* Patients determined by principal investigator to be unsuitable for inclusion
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Undisplaced (Garden I-II) femoral neck fracture (within 72h)
* treated at participating unit
* informed consent
* amenable for both treatment options

Exclusion Criteria:

* no informed consent
* pathological or stress fracture
* peri-implant fracture

Answer: D