Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effects of Exercise Training in Combination With Dopamine Agonist to Physical Fitness Parameters and Quality of Life in Dialysis Patients With the Restless Legs Syndrome.
Brief Summary: Uremic etiology Restless legs syndrome (RLS) has been associated with poorer quality of life (QoL) compared to RLS-free counterparts mainly due to sleep deprivation factors. Exercise training in hemodialysis (HD) patients with RLS has been proven to be a safe approach in temporally ameliorating RLS symptoms similarly to the use of pharmacological treatment with dopamine agonists. However it not known whether the exercise anabolic stimulus and the dopamine agonist treatment could act synergistically for the improvement of physical functioning and muscle performance as well as in the amelioration of augmentation symptoms in hemodialysis patients with RLS.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Stable Peritoneal dialysis
* Stable Hemodialysis
* Age 18-85 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* use of hypnotics, MAO inhibitors or neuroleptics
* Liver disease
* Participation in drug investigation \< 1 months to start
* Former use of melatonin
* Severe neurological/psychiatric disease
* Allergic to melatonin or additives
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 18\~75 years
* On regular dialysis ( 2 - 3 sessions weekly, 4 hours each session, total weekly dialysis hours ≥ 10 hours) for more than 3 months (but less than 10 years)
* Insomnia according to The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5)
* Global score of PSQI \> 7
* Informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Presence of co-morbidities including cancer, congestive heart failure, connective tissue disease and hematologic diseases;
* Inadequately dialyzed, indicating by urea clearance index (KT/V) \< 1.20;
* Presence of severe physical symptoms such as bone pain, itchy skin, sleep apnea and restless legs which are obviously causative for insomnia; and weary condition caused by severe anemia (hemoglobin\<60g/L) or malnutrition (serum albumin\<30g/L).
* Infections of external ears or malformed ears.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinically stable hemodialysis patients with positive diagnosis in IRLSS questionnaire for the RLS will be eligible to participate. Entry criteria included being on chronic hemodialysis for six months, able to perform an exercise training, with dialysis delivery (KT/V) \> 1.1.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients were excluded from the study if they were diagnosed with neuropathies or reasons for being in a catabolic state (including malignancies, HIV and opportunistic infections, active inflammation), within 3 months prior to the start of the study. In addition patients treated with drugs recommended for the treatment of RLS as well as patients with Parkinson's disease or untreated depression will be also excluded.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* For phase 1: all renal transplant recipients transplanted at the University Hospital Basel, Bern and Zurich, speaking German and having an actual address on the follow-up list of the ambulatory center list.
* Renal transplant recipients who have poor Sleep quality and /or daytime sleepiness (phase 1: Cross sectional survey study) and had a Sleep assessment (phase 2: Cross sectional diagnostic interview study)
* Renal transplant recipients who participated in Phase 1 and 2 that were diagnosed with sleep wake dysregulation
* Renal transplant recipients with signed written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* RTx recipients, who participated in phase 2, will be excluded in the study if

  * they were diagnosed with sleep disorders as parasomnia, breathing disorders or movement disorders.
  * they were diagnosed with alcohol or substance abuse
  * they are blind or suffer from a severe vision impairment (cataract), which possibly limits the effect of the light intervention and patients taking photosensitive medications

Answer: C