Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: An Open-Label, Randomized Study of VELCADE/Melphalan/Prednisone Versus Melphalan/Prednisone in Subjects With Previously Untreated Multiple Myeloma
Brief Summary: The primary reason for this study is to determine whether the addition of VELCADE (bortezomib) for injection to standard melphalan/prednisone (MP) therapy improves the time to disease progression (TTP) in subjects with previously untreated multiple myeloma.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Subjects must satisfy the following criteria to be enrolled in the study:

* Male or female
* Not a candidate for HDT/SCT due to: age - subject is 65 years or older or in subjects less than 65 years of age - presence of important comorbid condition(s) likely to have a negative impact on tolerability of HDT/SCT.
* Symptomatic multiple myeloma or asymptomatic multiple myeloma with related organ or tissue damage. Asymptomatic multiple myeloma-related organ or tissue damage can include presence of asymptomatic lytic bone lesion or plasmacytoma, or presence of anemia, renal function impairment, or hypercalcemia, as long as the criteria for pre-treatment clinical laboratory values indicated below are met.
* Presence of measurable disease, defined as:

  * For secretory multiple myeloma, measurable disease is defined as any quantifiable serum monoclonal protein value.
  * For oligosecretory or nonsecretory multiple myeloma, measurable disease is defined by the presence of measurable soft tissue or organ (not bone) plasmacytomas as determined by clinical examination or applicable radiographs.
* Karnofsky performance status score of equal or greater then 60%.
* Willing and able to complete the PRO instruments
* Agrees to use an acceptable barrier method for contraception for the duration of the study (for male subjects); If female subjects are still having menstrual periods and are not surgically sterile, they must be practicing an effective method of birth control before entry, and throughout the study, and have a negative serum B-HCG pregnancy test at screening.
* Have pretreatment clinical laboratory values meeting the criteria as described in the protocol within 14 days before randomization.
* Subjects (or their legally acceptable representatives) must have signed an informed consent document indicating that they understand the purpose of and procedures required for the study and are willing to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

Potential subjects who meet any of the following criteria will be excluded from participating in the study:

* Diagnosis of smoldering multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS, hypercalcemia, and renal insufficiency related to the monoclonal protein; and (if determined) proportion of plasma cells in the bone marrow of 10% or less.
* Diagnosis of Waldenström's disease or other conditions in which IgM M protein is present in the absence of a clonal plasma cell infiltration with lytic bone lesions
* Prior or current systemic therapy for multiple myeloma including steroids (with the exception of emergency use of a short course \[maximum of 4 days\] of steroids before randomization or of prior or current use of bisphosphonates)
* Radiation therapy within 30 days before randomization
* Plasmapheresis within 30 days before randomization
* Major surgery within 30 days before randomization (kyphoplasty is not considered major surgery)
* History of allergic reaction attributable to compounds containing boron or mannitol
* Peripheral neuropathy or neuropathic pain Grade 2 or higher.
* Uncontrolled or severe cardiovascular disease, including myocardial infarction, within 6 months of enrollment, uncontrolled angina, clinically significant pericardial disease, or cardiac amyloidosis
* Other malignancy within the past 5 years. Exceptions if treated and not active include the following: basal cell or nonmetastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, cervical carcinoma in situ or International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stage 1 carcinoma of the cervix
* Concurrent medical condition or disease (e.g., active systemic infection, uncontrolled diabetes) that is likely to interfere with study procedures or results, or that, in the opinion of the investigator would constitute a hazard for participating in this study
* Use of any investigational drugs within 30 days before randomization
* Employees of the investigator or study center, with direct involvement in the proposed study or other studies under the direction of that investigator or study center, or family members of the employees or the investigator.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Must be able to comply with the protocol requirements.
* Must voluntary sign the informed consent before performance of any study-related procedure not part of normal medical care, with the understanding it can be withdrawn at any time without prejudice to future medical care.
* Age \> 65 years.
* Patient recently diagnosed with symptomatic Multiple Myeloma based on standard criteria28 and that has not received any previous chemotherapy treatment for Multiple Myeloma Some steroid doses or bisphosphonates are allowed for emergencies before starting induction treatment.
* Patient has measurable disease, defined as follows:

For secretory multiple myeloma, measurable disease is defined as any quantifiable serum monoclonal protein value and, where applicable, urine light-chain excretion of ≥ 200 mg/24 hours.

* Patient has a ECOG performance status \< 2
* Patient has a life-expectancy \>3 months.
* Patient has the following laboratory values before beginning induction treatment:

Platelet count ≥ 50000/mm3, hemoglobin ≥ 8 g/dl and absolute neutrophil count ≥ 1000/mm3. Lower values are allowed if they are due to marrow infiltration.

Corrected serum calcium \<14mg/dl. Aspartate transaminase (AST): ≤ 2.5 x the upper limit of normal. Alanine transaminase (ALT): ): ≤ 2.5 x the upper limit of normal. Total bilirubin: ≤1.5 x the upper limit of normal. Serum creatinine ≤ 2 mg/dl.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients previously received treatment to Multiple Myeloma, except steroids doses for urgency or bisphosphonates.
* Non-secretor Myeloma
* Patients with \< Grade 2 peripheral neuropathy within 14 days before enrolment.
* Patient had major surgery within 4 weeks before enrolment.
* Patient has hypersensitivity to bortezomib, boron or mannitol.
* Patient has received other investigational drugs within 30 days before enrolment.
* Patient is known to be seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), Hepatitis B surface antigen-positive or active hepatitis C infection.
* Patient had a myocardial infarction within 6 months of enrollment or has New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV heart failure, uncontrolled angina, severe uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmias, or electrocardiographic evidence of acute ischemia or active conduction system abnormalities.
* Patient is enrolled in another clinical research study and/or is receiving an investigational agent for any reason.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* untreated myeloma patients
* age \>65 years of age or younger but excluded from transplant procedure
* Durie \& Salmon stage II or III myeloma and measurable disease.
* Patients agreed to use contraception

Exclusion Criteria:

* other cancer
* psychiatric disease and any grade 2 peripheral neuropathy
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Confirmed diagnosis of previously untreated multiple myeloma and not a candidate for high dose chemotherapy with stem cell transplantation
* Eastern cooperative oncology group performance status score of less than or equal to 2
* Measurable secretory disease, defined as either serum monoclonal paraprotein greater than or equal to 1 g/dL or urine monoclonal protein greater than 200 mg/24 hours
* Adequate laboratory results that will be confirmed by a study physician
* Agrees to protocol-defined use of effective contraception

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed with primary amyloidosis, asymptomatic or smoldering multiple myeloma or monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance
* Diagnosed with Waldenstrom's disease, or other conditions in which IgM M-protein is present in the absence of a clonal plasma cell infiltration with lytic bone lesions
* Received prior or current systemic therapy or stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma
* Peripheral neuropathy or neuropathic pain (Grade 2 or higher)
* Received radiation therapy, plasmapheresis or surgery within 14 days
* Transplanted solid organ, with the exception of a corneal transplant
* Serious concurrent illness or history of uncontrolled heart disease

Answer: A