Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Soft-hard Technologies to Assistance and Accessibility in Patients With Chronic Diseases: The Effect of a Five Week Electrical Myostimulation Program.
Brief Summary: Patients afflicted with Chronic Heart Failure (HF) typically do not maintain stable cardiac function for the remainder of their life and consequently require continuous medical management and intermittent hospital admissions. Several investigations have demonstrated that electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) produces positive physiologic and psychological adaptations in patients with HF. However not all the EMS modalities were been evaluated on this population or not even were tested based on present recognized gold standard clinical parameters after a short period of treatment. The primary aims of the proposed study is to: Determine the effect of a five week home based of three EMS modalities on prognostics markers, perceived quality of life, muscle force and electrical activity in subjects diagnosed with HF.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* All participants must be female
* Subjects must have radiographic osteoarthritis of grade 2 severity according to the Kellgren and Lawrence scale on the posterior-anterior semi-flexed view with definite osteophytes present in the medial and not lateral compartment.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous adverse reaction to electrical stimulation
* Inability to ambulate without the use of an assistive device (i.e cane, walker)
* Patients who have undergone a total knee arthroplasty
* Patients who have torn any knee ligament (ACL, PCL, MCL, LCL)
* Enrollees who have a demand-type cardiac pacemaker or are pregnant
* History of tibial osteotomy surgery
* Significant peripheral or central nervous system disease
* Concurrent clinically active arthritis of the hip, ankle, hindfoot or midfoot in either limb
* Concurrent bilateral radiographic evidence of tibiofemoral osteoarthritis
* Enrollees who are concurrently undergoing physical therapy for pain or OA
* Enrollees who are taking Cox-2 inhibitors or are receiving corticosteroid injections
* Subjects will be allowed to take buffered aspirin and naproxen sodium while enrolled in the study
* Enrollees who have a body mass index of greater than 40 (morbidly obese)
* Enrollees who have a CAR \> .95 (e.g. patients whose quadriceps are uninhibited)
* Enrollees who have previously undergone quadriceps NMES therapy
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* (1) Male or female ≥ 21 and ≤ 80 years of age.
* (2) Current HF symptoms consistent with NYHA class III-IV.
* (3) On stable HF pharmacological therapy for at least one month prior to data collection.
* (4) Left ventricular ejection fraction \< 45% documented within 3 months of enrollment (obtained from subjects medical records).
* (5) No planned elective surgery or pacemaker implantation at the time of study initiation.
* (6) Hgb \> 8.0 within 1 month of enrollment (obtained from subjects medical records).
* (7) Willingness to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* (1) Inability to provide written informed consent.
* (2) Inability to walk on a treadmill.
* (3) Hemodynamically significant valvular heart disease.
* (4) Unstable angina.
* (5) Acute myocardial infarction within the previous 3 months.
* (6) Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
* (7) HF known to be secondary to pericardial disease or uncorrected valvular disease.
* (8) Chronic oxygen therapy.
* (9) Participation in another clinical trial within the past 30 days.
* (10) Participation in a regular exercise within the previous 6 months.
* (11) Previous implantation of a cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator.
* (12) Pregnancy.
* (13) Resting systolic blood pressure \> 200 mmHg.
* (14) Failure to demonstrate the ability to operate the EMS unit.
* (15) Failure to be compliant with at least 75% of the EMS training sessions.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
* being 35-75 years of age
* being eligible to participate in endurance trainin
* no acute exacerbation in last month, no change in drugs and no usage of antibiotics in last three weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* medical conditions which could place patient at risk during neuromuscular electrical stimulation and exercise training (orthophedic and neuromuscular disorders, metal implants in the lower limbs, advanced heart failure, aortic stenosis, deep venous thrombosis a cardiac pacemaker, \>50 mmHg pulmonary artery pressure and/or an acute exacerbation of symtomps in the preceeding four weeks)
* being unable to understand the questionnaires and unable to cooparate.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* intended for major abdominal surgery
* more than 18 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

* neuromuscular diseases
* immobility before surgery
* arterial occlusive disease Fontaine stadium IV
* clinical or laboratory signs of inflammation or sepsis
* cachexia
* diseases of the musculoskeletal systems contraindicating electrical stimulation

Answer: B