Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Music to Reduce Pain and Anxiety in the Pediatric Emergency Department: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Children 3-6 Years Undergoing Intravenous Placement
Brief Summary: Many medical procedures aimed at helping children can cause them pain and distress. If children experience certain levels of pain or distress, it can have long lasting negative effects. The emergency department can be a particularly stressful place for children and their parents. There are also many procedures that children may have in the emergency department that can cause pain and distress. These include procedures such as needle pokes, stitches, or setting a broken bone. Two common methods of managing a child's pain in the emergency department are drugs and distraction. Drugs are not always practical and may come with unwanted side effects. Distraction is often used formally or informally and by parents or the health professionals. One form of distraction involves listening to music. This can lower the child's pain and distress by moving their attention from the painful stimulus, for example a needle poke, to a more pleasant sensation such as familiar children's songs. This study will test whether music is useful to help lower pain and distress for young children (ages 3 to 6 years) who are visiting an emergency department and need an intravenous line. Music is safe and pleasant for children. The results from this study could be important for many children receiving medical care.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* ages 5-9 years,
* boys and girls

Exclusion Criteria:

* children with pervasive developmental disability
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* ASA physical status I, II and III a
* age between 4 and 8 years
* undergoing minor-medium elective surgical procedures
* indication of general anesthesia
* not receive premedication
* parents are not illiterate.

Exclusion Criteria:

* psychomotor deficits
* use of psychoactive drugs
* hearing and visual impairment
* previous surgery
* for relatives, illness or mental disorder clinically recognized and decline to participate.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Girls and boys aged 4 to 10 years,
* American Society of Anesthesiologists Score between 1 and 3,
* programmed outpatient surgery for a short term and low level of pain
* Infection with influenza A virus confirmed with a quick diagnostic test,
* informed consent from both parents

Exclusion Criteria:

* patients younger than 4 or older than 10 years old
* preexisting psychiatric disorder with pedo-psychiatric follow-up
* children with intellectual disability
* psychotropic referred to anxiolytic and / or antipsychotic
* history of surgery (n\>=3)
* refusal to participate
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children attending the pediatric ED between the ages of 3 and 6 years - Undergoing an IV placement
* Conscious
* Have sufficient knowledge of the English language to understand and follow instructions and complete the age-appropriate pain assessment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children with hearing impairments, developmental disabilities, or sensory impairment to pain (e.g., spina bifida)
* Children will be excluded at the discretion of the attending staff (e.g., child in critical condition; requires urgent IV placement; or has altered level of consciousness).

Answer: D