Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Bifidobacterium Animalis Subsp. Lactis in Prevention of Common Infections in Healthy Children Attending Day Care Centers - Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study
Brief Summary: Hypothesis: Use of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis can effectively prevent common infections (gastrointestinal and respiratory) in healthy children who attend day care centre

This study is a prospective, randomized, double blind, placebo- controlled parallel study in healthy children attending day care centers.

The study will investigate the effect of supplementation with the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis on the incidence and duration of gastrointestinal and respiratory infections and absence from day care due to infections.

The test product is a sachet containing 1 gram of powder. The test product will contain minimum 1 billion CFU (colony forming units) of probiotic per serving. The placebo product is an identical product except for the absence of probiotics.

The study includes 3 months (90 days) of intervention period. The study product will be consumed daily in the evening together with a meal.

The consumption of the study products will be taken under the surveillance of the parents.

During the entire intervention period the subjects are not allowed to consume any probiotic products other than the study products supplied to them by the study personnel.

Data on infections will be recorded in a diary, filled in and administered by the parents and diary recorded by referring physician (on-call log).

All infections are to be diagnosed by the local physician. The incidence of infections will be analyzed based on the information recorded in the diaries (parent's \& physician's).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* age 12-24 hours of life;
* 1st degree of prematurity (functionally mature infant, gestational age 35-36 weeks);
* exclusive breast feeding during study;
* both parents must sign and date an informed consent for infant's participation in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* perinatal asphyxia ( Apgar score less than 8);
* significant concomitant disease (congenital birth defects, perinatal encephalopathy, TORCH - infections and other infectious disease of newborn, respiratory distress syndrome ets);
* clinically significant changes in blood analyze results (if needed);
* use of other probiotics or prebiotics during the first 28 days of study participation.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy children attending day care at kindergartens located in the Zagreb's city centre
* Age from 1 year to 7 years
* Attendance at daycare centers: \> 3 days per week
* Signed informed consent by the parents

Exclusion Criteria:

* Immunodeficiency
* Receiving probiotic and /or prebiotic products prior to enrolment (2 weeks prior to study start)
* Neoplasms
* Severe chronic disorders
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Able to give informed consent
* Over 60 years old without any health problems
* The levels of white blood cells within range 4x10\^3/μL\~10x10\^3/μL

Exclusion Criteria:

* Individuals who get a cold
* Diabetes
* Hypersensitivity or disease history for milk protein
* Epilepsy, neurological, or psychological disease
* Alcoholism or drug addiction
* Liver disease or severe kidney failure disease
* Inflammation-related disease
* Consumption of other test products or drugs within 1 month prior to screening
* Regular consumption of immune-related functional foods including yogurt or milk within 1 month prior to screening
* History of inflammation-related disease or taking medication to treat inflammation-related disease within 1 month prior to screening
* History of cancer within 5 years
* Any inappropriate condition
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Apparently healthy children aged 1-6 years, with emphasize on aged 2-5 years, living permanently in low socio-economic urban areas of East Jakarta for at least 6 months
* Parents are willing to sign the informed consent and give the supplements to the children for the period of 6 months
* Capable and willing to drink liquid milk with a straw (acceptance to be tested at screening by providing a sample drink and placebo straw to be consumed under supervision for 2 days)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Calcium intake exceeding 75% of the RDA for calcium (\<375 mg/d) based on a Food Frequency Questionnaire
* Currently breastfed children
* Siblings of already included children that are living in the same household, except if it is a twin sibling
* Severely malnourished with or without oedema (Weight for height-WHZ Z-score of \<-3.00 SD)
* Symptoms of chronic/congenital diseases and disabilities, suspected Tuberculosis by clinical examination, and /or history of allergic disease.
* Taking (any) antibiotics during 2 weeks prior to start of the study (children will be included after 3 weeks of last antibiotic intake
* Participation in another clinical trial at the same time or 2 months prior to the start of this study
* Both mothers and other caregivers present in the family are illiterate

Answer: B