Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of Robotic Neurorehabilitation Plus Virtual Reality on Attention Process and Executive Functions in Patients With Chronic Stroke: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Stroke can be classified as ischemic, i.e. due to the lack of blood flow, and haemorrhagic, caused by bleeding. Stroke results in focal signs and symptoms, with a devastating impact on a patient and his family. Although robotic rehabilitation is very useful in improving motor function, there is no a clear evidence on its role in improving cognitive abilities, which are often compromised in stroke patients.

To this end, the investigators designed a randomized controlled experimental study on stroke patients, with the aim of evaluating the effects of robotic neurorehabilitation using Lokomat with and without virtual reality on cognitive functioning in stroke patients, compared to traditional therapy.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* primary diagnosis of acute stroke
* admission to acute inpatient rehabilitation
* impairment in cognitive functions (Quick Executive Interview ≥ 3)

Exclusion Criteria:

* dementia diagnosis (as indicated in the medical record)
* severe aphasia as indicated by score ≥ 2 on the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (3rd Edition) Severity Rating Scale (BDAE-3)
* current major depressive disorder (unless treated and in partial remission), bipolar or any other psychotic disorder (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders)
* drug or alcohol abuse within 3 months (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview)
* anticipated length of stay less than 5 days
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* primary diagnosis of acute stroke
* admission to acute inpatient rehabilitation
* impairment in cognitive functions (as indicated by 14-item Executive Interview ≥ 3)

Exclusion Criteria:

* diagnosis of dementia in the medical record
* inability to follow two-step commands 80% of the time
* severe aphasia (score of 0 or 1 on the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination 3rd Edition Severity Rating Scale)
* current untreated major depressive, bipolar, or psychotic disorder (PRIME-MD)
* drug or alcohol abuse within 3 months (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

Neurological diagnosis of stroke in the post-acute phase (3 months from the acute event); age between 40 and 80; and Caucasian ethnicity; a FIM motor score equal to or greater than 30 and moderate to mild cognitive impairment (MoCA\> 18); Fugl-Meyer scale score of\> 18;

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients with a history of concomitant neurodegenerative diseases or brain surgery; severe cognitive or language impairment; systemic, bone or joint disorders; presence of disabling sensory alterations; concomitant medical and psychiatric illness that could interfere with VR training.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Cerebrovascular accident diagnosed 3-18 months before enrollment. Treated at th Neurologic Rehabilitation Center of Clalit Health Services in Kiryat Byalik, Israel.

Living in the community (in their homes). Are capable of basic communication in Hebrew.

Exclusion Criteria:

Moderate-severe stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score ≤ 16).

Moderate-Severe Cognitive impairment (Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) - total score ≤ 16). Inability to provide informed consent.

Answer: C