Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of a Progressive Resistance Training in Cachectic Cancer Patients During Radiotherapy - a Randomized Controlled Pilot Trial
Brief Summary: Cancer cachexia is a prevalent symptom of head and neck neoplasms. The reduction in skeletal muscle mass is one of the main characteristics which can lead to poor physical functioning. The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of progressive resistance training in cachectic head and neck cancer patients during radiotherapy in a pilot randomized controlled design.

Baseline data for all participants were ascertained via medical records and patient interview. This included demographic information, Union internationale contre le cancer-status (UICC-status), comorbidities and the results of blood samples. Outcomes were measured at admission. One study coordinator completed all assessments to enhance patient compliance. Body weight loss percentage was calculated via the individuals' body weight 6 months before (in retrospect) and the current body weight. Participants completed two questionnaires: The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory and the Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy questionnaire. Six-Minute Walk Test was applied. To document changes in muscle force, strength of the functional muscle group for elbow flexion in supine position as well as of knee extension in sitting position (in each case right and left) was tested via hand-held dynamometry for isometric maximal muscle strength. Bioelectrical impedance analysis was executed to assess the adaption in body composition.

The exercise intervention was undertaken in the hospitals department of physical and rehabilitation medicine and based on standardized but individualized training protocols. It consisted of a warm up period for 5 minutes on a bicycle ergometer or an upper body cycle with individual selectable wattage. A leg press, a latissimus pull-down and a chest press formed the three equipment supported core exercises. All exercises were performed with 8-12 repetitions and 3 sets.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Exercise; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Physical exercise, Other: best supportive care | Arm Label: No exercise; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: best supportive care | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Physical exercise; Assigned to Arm(s): Exercise | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: best supportive care; Assigned to Arm(s): Exercise, No exercise
B: Arm Label: Immediate Lifestyle Intervention - Maintenance Program; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Lifestyle Intervention, Behavioral: Maintenance Intervention | Arm Label: Immediate Lifestyle Intervention - No Maintenance Program; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Lifestyle Intervention | Arm Label: Delayed Lifestyle Intervention - Maintenance Program; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Lifestyle Intervention, Behavioral: Maintenance Intervention | Arm Label: Delayed Lifestyle Intervention - No Maintenance Program; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Lifestyle Intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Lifestyle Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Delayed Lifestyle Intervention - Maintenance Program, Delayed Lifestyle Intervention - No Maintenance Program, Immediate Lifestyle Intervention - Maintenance Program, Immediate Lifestyle Intervention - No Maintenance Program | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Maintenance Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Delayed Lifestyle Intervention - Maintenance Program, Immediate Lifestyle Intervention - Maintenance Program
C: Arm Label: multimodal intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: standard care, Other: nutritional supplements and advice, Other: home-based self-assisted exercise program, Drug: Ibuprofen | Arm Label: standard care; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: standard care | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: standard care; Assigned to Arm(s): multimodal intervention, standard care | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: nutritional supplements and advice; Assigned to Arm(s): multimodal intervention | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: home-based self-assisted exercise program; Assigned to Arm(s): multimodal intervention | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ibuprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): multimodal intervention
D: Arm Label: Training Group; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Exercise | Arm Label: Control Group; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Exercise; Assigned to Arm(s): Training Group

Answer: D