Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Sanitation, Hygiene, Infant Nutrition Efficacy Project
Brief Summary: Globally, stunting affects 26% (165 million) of under-5-year children, underlies 15-17% of their mortality and leads to long-term cognitive deficits, fewer years and poorer performance in school, lower adult economic productivity, and a higher risk that their own children will also be stunted, perpetuating the problem into future generations. Stunting begins antenatally and peaks at 18-24 months of postnatal life, when mean length-for-age Z-score (LAZ) is about -2.0 among children living in Africa and Asia. Improving the diets of young children can reduce stunting, though, at best, only by about one-third. Frequent diarrheal illness has also been implicated. However, the effect of diarrhea on permanent stunting is relatively small, maybe because children grow at "catch-up" rates between illness episodes.

The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial is motivated by a 2-part premise:

* A major cause of child stunting and anemia is Environmental Enteric Dysfunction (EED). EED is a subclinical disorder of the small intestine, which is virtually ubiquitous among asymptomatic people living in low-income settings throughout the world. EED is characterized by increased permeability which facilitates microbial translocation into the systemic circulation and triggers chronic immune activation.
* The primary cause of EED is infant ingestion of fecal microbes due to living in conditions of poor quality and quantity of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH).


Options:
A: Arm Label: Standard of Care; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Standard care | Arm Label: WASH; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: WASH | Arm Label: Nutrition; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Infant and young child feeding | Arm Label: WASH and Nutrition; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: WASH and Nutrition | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Standard care; Assigned to Arm(s): Standard of Care | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: WASH; Assigned to Arm(s): WASH | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Infant and young child feeding; Assigned to Arm(s): Nutrition | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: WASH and Nutrition; Assigned to Arm(s): WASH and Nutrition
B: Arm Label: Iron and Folic Acid (IFA); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Iron and Folic Acid (IFA), Dietary Supplement: Multiple Micronutrient (MMN) group, Dietary Supplement: Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS) group | Arm Label: Multiple Micronutrient (MMN); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Iron and Folic Acid (IFA), Dietary Supplement: Multiple Micronutrient (MMN) group, Dietary Supplement: Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS) group | Arm Label: Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Iron and Folic Acid (IFA), Dietary Supplement: Multiple Micronutrient (MMN) group, Dietary Supplement: Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS) group | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Iron and Folic Acid (IFA); Assigned to Arm(s): Iron and Folic Acid (IFA), Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS), Multiple Micronutrient (MMN) | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Multiple Micronutrient (MMN) group; Assigned to Arm(s): Iron and Folic Acid (IFA), Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS), Multiple Micronutrient (MMN) | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS) group; Assigned to Arm(s): Iron and Folic Acid (IFA), Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS), Multiple Micronutrient (MMN)
C: Arm Label: RUSF (500kcal/day) and cash transfer; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Super Cereal Plus (SC+); Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: RUSF; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: RUSF (250kcal/day) and cash transfer; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: SC+ and cash transfer; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: SC+ and household ration; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Cash transfer; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A
D: Arm Label: Water quality; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Water quality | Arm Label: Sanitation; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Sanitation | Arm Label: Hand washing; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Hand washing | Arm Label: Combined WASH; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Water quality, Sanitation, Hand washing (Combined WASH) | Arm Label: Nutrition; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Nutrition | Arm Label: Nutrition + Combined WASH; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Nutrition, Water quality, Sanitation, Hand washing | Arm Label: Non-intervention; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Water quality; Assigned to Arm(s): Water quality | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Sanitation; Assigned to Arm(s): Sanitation | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Hand washing; Assigned to Arm(s): Hand washing | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Water quality, Sanitation, Hand washing (Combined WASH); Assigned to Arm(s): Combined WASH | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Nutrition; Assigned to Arm(s): Nutrition | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Nutrition, Water quality, Sanitation, Hand washing; Assigned to Arm(s): Nutrition + Combined WASH

Answer: A