Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: COMPASS Trial: a Direct Aspiration First Pass Technique
Brief Summary: Intravenous (IV) tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) administration has been shown to be safe and effective for treatment of AIS within 3 hours of symptom onset, and newer evidence has shown potential benefit out to 4.5 hours. Mechanical thrombectomy for AIS patients has been shown in clinical trials to be safe up to 8 hours after symptom onset. Recent trials utilizing advanced imaging to identify patients with large vessel occlusions amenable to intra-arterial thrombectomy (IAT) have shown superiority endovascular therapy over medical therapy to result in improved patient functional outcomes. Pilot data utilizing the ADAPT approach has shown superior technical results with similar functional outcomes while lowering procedure time and device costs versus traditional stent retriever as a first line therapy approaches


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria

* Age: 18 through 82 years (i.e., candidates must have had their 18th birthday, but not had their 83rd birthday)
* Initiation of intravenous rt-PA within 3 hours of onset of stroke symptoms. Time of onset is defined as the last time when the subject was witnessed to be at baseline (i.e., subjects who have stroke symptoms upon awakening will be considered to have their onset at beginning of sleep)
* An NIHSSS \>/= 10 at the time that intravenous rt-PA is begun or an NIHSSS \>7 and \<10 with an occlusion seen in M1, ICA or basilar artery on CTA at institutions where baseline CTA imaging is standard of care for acute stroke patients.
* Investigator verification that the subject has received/ is receiving the correct IV rt-PA dose for the estimated weight prior to randomization

Exclusion Criteria

* History of stroke in the past 3 months
* Previous intra-cranial hemorrhage, neoplasm, subarachnoid hemorrhage, or arteriovenous malformation
* Clinical presentation suggests a subarachnoid hemorrhage, even if initial CT scan is normal
* Hypertension at time of treatment; systolic BP \> 185 or diastolic \> 110 mm Hg) or aggressive measures to lower BP to below these limits are needed.
* Presumed septic embolus, or suspicion of bacterial endocarditis
* Presumed pericarditis, including pericarditis after acute MI
* Suspicion of aortic dissection
* Recent (within 30 days) surgery or biopsy of parenchymal organ
* Recent (within 30 days) trauma, with internal injuries or ulcerative wounds
* Recent (within 90 days) severe head trauma or head trauma with loss of consciousness
* Any active or recent (within 30 days) hemorrhage
* Pts with known hereditary or acquired hemorrhagic diathesis, coagulation factor deficiency or oral anticoagulant therapy require coagulation labs results prior to enrollment. Any subject with INR \> 1.7 or institutionally equivalent prothrombin time is excluded. Patients without history or suspicion of coagulopathy do not require INR or prothrombin time lab results to be available prior to enrollment.
* Females of childbearing potential who are known to be pregnant and/or lactating or who have positive pregnancy tests on admission
* Baseline lab values: glucose \< 50 mg/dl or \> 400 mg/dl, platelets \<100,000, or Hct \<25
* Requires hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis, or has a contraindication to an angiogram for whatever reason
* Received heparin or a direct thrombin inhibitor (Angiomax, argatroban, Refludan, Pradaxa) within 48 hours must have a normal partial thromboplastin time (PTT) to be eligible
* History of an arterial puncture at a non-compressible site or a lumbar puncture in the previous 7 days
* History of seizure at onset of stroke
* History of a pre-existing neurological or psychiatric disease that would confound the neurological or functional evaluations, mRS score at baseline must be \< 2. This excludes patients who live in a nursing home or who are not fully independent for activities of daily living (toileting, dressing, eating, cooking and preparing meals, etc.)
* Other serious, advanced, or terminal illness
* Any other condition that the investigator feels would pose a significant hazard to the subject if Activase (Alteplase) therapy is initiated
* Current participation in another research drug treatment protocol
* Informed consent is not or cannot be obtained.
* High density lesion consistent with hemorrhage of any degree on baseline imaging
* Significant mass effect with midline shift on baseline imaging
* Large (\>1/3 of the middle cerebral artery) regions of clear hypodensity on the baseline CT scan. (ASPECTS of \< 4 can be used as a guideline) Sulcal effacement and/or loss of grey-white differentiation are not contraindications to tx
* CT evidence of intrapararenchymal tumor
* Baseline CTA without evidence of arterial occlusion
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 18 and older (i.e., candidates must have had their 18th birthday)
2. NIHSS ≥8 at the time of neuroimaging
3. Presenting or persistent symptoms within 6 hours of when groin puncture can be obtained
4. Neuroimaging demonstrates large vessel proximal occlusion (distal ICA through MCA bifurcation)
5. The operator feels that the stroke can be appropriately treated with traditional endovascular approaches (the ADAPT approach or conventional first-line stent retriever approach)
6. Pre-event Modified Rankin Scale score 0-1
7. Non-contrast CT/CTA for trial eligibility performed or repeated at treating ADAPT stroke center.
8. Consenting requirements met according to local IRB

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patient is more than 6-hours from symptom onset
2. Rapidly improving neurologic examination
3. Absence of large vessel occlusion on non-invasive imaging
4. Presence of an existing or pre-existing large territory infarction
5. Known or suspected pre-existing (chronic) large vessel occlusion in the symptomatic territory
6. Absent femoral pulses
7. Excessive vascular access tortuosity that will likely result in unstable access platform.
8. Pregnancy; if a woman is of child-bearing potential a urine or serum beta HCG test is positive.
9. Severe contrast allergy or absolute contraindication to iodinated contrast.
10. Clinical history, past imaging or clinical judgment suggests that the intracranial occlusion is chronic.
11. Patient has a severe or fatal comorbidities that will likely prevent improvement or follow-up or that will render the procedure unlikely to benefit the patient.

Head CT or MRI Scan Exclusion Criteria

* Presence of blood on imaging (subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)), intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), etc.)
* High density lesion consistent with hemorrhage of any degree
* Significant mass effect with midline shift
* Core infarct lesion volume \>50 cc.
* Large (more than 1/3 of the middle cerebral artery) regions of clear hypodensity on the baseline CT scan or ASPECTS of \< 7; Sulcal effacement and/or loss of grey-white differentiation alone are not contraindications for treatment.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 and older (i.e., candidates must have had their 18th birthday)
* Groin puncture carried out within 8 hours of first symptoms
* Neuroimaging demonstrates large vessel proximal occlusion (distal ICA through MCA bifurcation, M1 or M2)
* Consenting requirements met according to French laws.
* With or without intravenous thrombolysis

Exclusion Criteria:

* Absence of large vessel occlusion on non-invasive imaging
* Known or suspected pre-existing (chronic) large vessel occlusion in the symptomatic territory
* Suspected pregnancy; if, a woman is of childbearing potential, a urine or serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (betaHCG) test is positive.
* Severe contrast medium allergy or absolute contraindication to iodinated agents.
* Patient has severe or fatal comorbidities that will likely prevent improvement or follow-up or that will render the procedure unlikely to benefit the patient.
* Acute ischemic stroke involving posterior circulation (vertebrobasilar occlusion)
* Angiographic evidence of carotid dissection or tandem cervical occlusion or stenosis requiring treatment.
* Patients benefiting from a legal protection
* Non-membership of a national insurance scheme
* Opposition of the patient or (in case of inclusion as a matter of urgency) of the trustworthy person
D: Inclusion Criteria

1. Age 18 and older
2. Clinical diagnosis of ischemic stroke and an associated score on the NIHSS of 5 or more points
3. Planned to undergo (or has undergone) intra-arterial (IA) thrombectomy and/or thrombolysis for acute hemispheric stroke. (Either as primary therapy or as adjuvant therapy following intravenous tPA treatment)
4. Planned to undergo or has undergone an MR brain scan including MR perfusion imaging (ASL \& bolus PWI) and MR angiography of the circle of Willis prior to IA therapy
5. Intra-arterial thrombectomy can be started within 90 minutes of completion of the MR perfusion scan and within 24 hours of symptom onset (Start of IA therapy is defined as the time of insertion of the femoral artery sheath; Time of brain scan is defined as the time that the scan is completed)
6. Able to obtain informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

1. Any pre-existing illness resulting in a modified Rankin Scale Score of 2 or higher prior to the qualifying stroke
2. Creatinine clearance \< 40 ml/min based on the NIDDK four-variable MDRD method (non-weight based)
3. Documented allergy to MR contrast agent
4. MRI contraindications (pacemaker, etc.)
5. Pregnancy

Answer: B