Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: NCI-AARP Diet and Health Study
Brief Summary: This is a prospective cohort study of diet and cancer in relation to several major cancers, especially breast, prostate, and colorectal malignancies. The cohort comprises 50-69 year-old male and female members of the American Association of Retired Persons (AARP). In 1995-6 we mailed baseline questionnaires to 3.5 million AARP members. Over 615,000 AARP members responded, with over 540,000 providing adequate dietary data. Preliminary analysis indicates that the cohort, both men and women, has the desired wide distributions of percent calories from fat, dietary fiber, fruits and vegetables, and red meat. Approximately 330,000 of the initial respondents (with satisfactory data) returned a second questionnaire containing questions on exposures not assessed in the first instrument.

In terms of field activities, the study has been relatively quiescent over the past year. At the end of the five-year period of observation, we will mail to cohort members a brief follow-up questionnaire primarily targeted to endpoint assessment. (Because of cancer registry lag-time, we do not expect to mail this questionnaire until early 2002.) Follow-up will be largely passive, through established state registries. The initial questionnaire mailing will be to AARP members in those states selected on the basis of having registries with adequate coverage and quality. We will use active follow-up, with record retrieval, for the small percentage of cohort members who have moved out of the cancer registry areas. The buccal cell collection pilot study has been completed; over 50% of those pilot study partricipants who had completed the baseline and risk factor questionnaires returned buccal cell speciments. Preliminary data from a pilot study of the end point ascertainment procedure indicate that cohort incidence rates for major cancers, determined from registry data, are consistent with SEER rates.


Options:
A: * INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Patients participating will be selected from the American Association of Retired Persons age 50-69 living in one of the following state and metropolitan areas: California (minus Los Angeles county), Florida, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, Louisiana, North Carolina, Detroit, and Atlanta.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Body Mass Index (BMI) 21.0 -33.0

Exclusion Criteria:

* More than a 3% change in weight within the 3 months prior to enrollment in the study.
* Currently smoking cigarettes
* Currently taking any prescription medication for less than 3 months.
* Currently taking a prescription medication for weight loss (4 week wash out period required).
* Currently taking any over-the-counter weight loss supplement/s (2 week wash out period required).
* History of thyroid disease, but not taking medication or medication dosage changed one or more times over last 6 months.
* Diagnosed with Type I or Type II diabetes or prediabetes.
* Major surgery within three months of enrollment.
* History of heart problems (e.g. angina, bypass surgery, MI, etc.) within three months prior to enrollment.
* Presence of implanted cardiac defibrillator or pacemaker.
* Uncontrolled hypertension/high blood pressure.
* History of a surgical procedure for weight loss at any time.
* Gastrointestinal disorders including chronic malabsorptive conditions, peptic ulcer disease, Crohn's disease, chronic diarrhea or active gallbladder disease.
* History of inflammatory bowel disease
* History of fatty liver
* History or presence of cancer (except for successfully resected basal cell carcinoma of the skin more than 6 months prior to enrollment).
* History of clinically diagnosed eating disorders including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder.
* Women who are pregnant, lactating or trying to become pregnant.
* History of alcohol dependency
* Currently consuming \>14 alcoholic drinks (1 drink = 12 fl oz beer, 4 fl oz wine or 1.5 fl oz liquor) per week and/or unwilling to limit intake to less than 3 drinks per week during study participation.
* Lactose intolerance
* Known allergy to HFCS, sucrose, fructose or glucose.
* Any clinically significant food allergy
* Participation in another clinical trial within 30 days prior to enrollment.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age between 20-50 years;
* BMI between 28-36 kg/m2;
* Weight stabile 3 months prior to the study inclusion;
* Less than 10 hours of weekly exercise

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diabetes
* Allergic to phenylalanine or milk
* Smoking
* Pregnancy or breast-feeding
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Body mass index 18.5-29.9 kg∙m-2
* Age 18-65 years
* Able and willing to provide informed consent and safely comply with study procedures
* Females to maintain record of regular menstrual cycle phase/contraceptive use
* No anticipated changes in physical activity during the first 4 weeks of the study (e.g. holidays or training programmes)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any reported condition or behaviour deemed either to pose undue personal risk to the participant or introduce bias
* Any diagnosed metabolic disease (e.g. type 1 or type 2 diabetes)
* Any reported use of substances which may pose undue personal risk to the participants or introduce bias into the experiment
* Lifestyle not conforming to standard sleep-wake cycle (e.g. shift worker)
* Any reported recent (\<6 months) change in body mass (± 3%)
* Use of antibiotic medication in the last 3 months
* Use of prebiotic or probiotic products in the last month

Answer: A