Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Safety and Immunogenicity of a Live, Attenuated Rotavirus Vaccine (RotaTeq™) in HIV-1 Infected and Uninfected Children Born to HIV-1-Infected Mothers
Brief Summary: Rotavirus is the leading cause of severe diarrhea in infants and young children, accounting for 45% of severe diarrhea disease in both developed and developing countries. Annually, rotavirus causes approximately 111 million episodes of gastroenteritis requiring home care, 25 million clinic visits, 2 million hospitalizations, and approximately 440,000 deaths in children less than 5 years of age, of which approximately 90% of hospitalizations and 99% of deaths occur in developing countries. Although rotavirus infection is not more common in HIV-infected children, it complicates their care and interferes with their nutrition. Chances of death by these infections can be greater in HIV-infected children when they also suffer from wasting, malnutrition, and/or opportunistic infections. The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the Rotavirus vaccine candidate, RotaTeq, in HIV-infected and uninfected children born to HIV-infected mothers.


Options:
A: Inclusion criteria: Healthy infants between 5 and 10 weeks of age at first study vaccination with (after the 2002 RV season) confirmed negative HIV status of the subject's mother during pregnancy or thereafter. Exclusion criteria: History of allergic disease, any confirmed or suspected immunosuppressive or immunodeficient condition, clinically significant history of chronic gastrointestinal disease or other serious medical condition as determined by the investigator or had not received treatment prohibited by the protocol.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* At dose 1

  1. A healthy male or female, 6 to 12 weeks of age (42 days to 84 days of age).
  2. Full term gestation (\>=37 weeks).
  3. Birth weight of the subject should be \>=2.5 kg.
  4. Healthy subjects as established by medical history and clinical examination before entering into the study.
  5. Did not use any dose of Rota virus vaccine.
  6. Written informed consent obtained from the parent or guardian of the subject.
* At dose 2

  1. Received dose 1.
  2. Oral informed consent obtained from the parent or guardian of the subject for continuing participate the study.
* At dose 3

  1. Received both dose 1 and dose 2.
  2. Oral informed consent obtained from the parent or guardian of the subject for continuing participate the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* At dose 1

  1. Has a chronic disease (cardiovascular, liver, kidney disease).
  2. Acute disease at the time of enrolment.
  3. Administering corticosteroids (\> 1mg/kg/day).
  4. Received any immunosuppressive therapy within 4 week before vaccination (Administration of immunoglobulins and/or any blood product or corticosteroids for \>2 weeks).
  5. Immunosuppressive or immunodeficient condition.
  6. Family has immunosuppressive or immunodeficient condition medical history.
  7. History of high fever convulsion.
  8. Allergic or reaction with any component of vaccine, includes anaphylactic shock with any antibiotic.
  9. Preterm of gestation delivery (gestation period \< 37 weeks).
  10. Low birth weight (\<2.5 kg).
  11. Fever (axillary temperature \>38oC) within 3 days before or on the day of vaccination.
  12. Malnutrition.
  13. Has any type of blood disorder, leukemia, or malignant tumor which can affect the bone marrow or lymph system.
  14. Use of any investigational or non-registered product (unlicensed drug or vaccine) other than the study vaccine within 30 days preceding the first dose of study vaccine, or planned use during the study period.
* At dose 2

  1. Acute disease at the time of 2nd dose.
  2. Administering corticosteroids (\> 1mg/kg/day).
  3. Received any immunosuppressive therapy within 4 week before vaccination (Administration of immunoglobulins and/or any blood product or corticosteroids for \>2 weeks).
  4. History of allergic disease or reactions likely to be exacerbated by any component of the study vaccine.
  5. Fever (axillary temperature \>38oC) within 3 days before or on the day of vaccination.
  6. Has any type of blood disorder, leukemia, or malignant tumor which can affect the bone marrow or lymph system.
  7. Use of any investigational or non-registered product (unlicensed drug or vaccine) other than the study vaccine during the study period.
* At dose 3

  1. Acute disease at the time of 3rd dose.
  2. Administering corticosteroids (\> 1mg/kg/day).
  3. Received any immunosuppressive therapy within 4 week before vaccination (Administration of immunoglobulins and/or any blood product or corticosteroids for \>2 weeks).
  4. History of allergic disease or reactions likely to be exacerbated by any component of the study vaccine.
  5. Fever (axillary temperature \>38oC) within 3 days before or on the day of vaccination.
  6. Has any type of blood disorder, leukemia, or malignant tumor which can affect the bone marrow or lymph system.
  7. Use of any investigational or non-registered product (unlicensed drug or vaccine) other than the study vaccine during the study period.
C: Inclusion Criteria for All Vaccinations:

* Participant was born to an HIV-1-infected mother whose HIV-1 diagnosis was determined by two different tests performed on the same or separate maternal samples obtained before or during pregnancy or during the post-partum period. Acceptable tests are antibodies in serum or saliva, HIV RNA or DNA, or antigen in the blood.
* Presence or absence of HIV RNA or DNA in the blood of the infant
* CD4% documented at screening
* Parent or legal guardian agreed to give written informed consent and was willing to comply with study requirements
* Parents/guardians of each participant stated their willingness to have the child follow the country-specific childhood Expanded Programme on Immunization ("EPI") schedule for concomitant childhood vaccines recommended during the study period
* HIV-infected participants had initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) before or at the time of administration of the first dose of study vaccine/placebo. Note: It was not acceptable for participants to take a prescription home with them to start ART on the day of vaccination.

Inclusion Criteria for second and third vaccinations:

* Successful administration of first vaccine (for second vaccination) and second vaccine (for third vaccination)
* Participants were less than 32 weeks of age at the time of the third vaccine/placebo dose

Exclusion Criteria for All Vaccinations:

* Concurrent participation in any study of an investigational drug or vaccine, except for studies for prevention of perinatal HIV-1 transmission
* Known allergy to any component of the study vaccine
* Active gastrointestinal illness or fever. Fever was defined as greater than or equal to 38.5º C in accordance with WHO guidelines for administration of childhood vaccines.
* Could not be enrolled from any site at which rotavirus vaccine was available and was being administered
* Any condition, which would, in the opinion of the site investigator, place the participant at an unacceptable risk of injury or render the participant unable to meet the requirements of the protocol
* Any other condition, situation, or clinically significant finding (other than HIV infection) that, in the investigator's opinion, would interfere with study participation, or interpretation
* Participants with a known history of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID) or intussusception

Exclusion Criteria for second and third vaccinations:

- Any Grade 4 adverse events believed to be possibly/probably/definitely related to vaccine would disqualify subjects from receiving additional doses. Grade 3 adverse events believed to be possibly/probably related to vaccine had to be demonstrated to have improved to less than Grade 2 prior to receiving the next scheduled dose.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Healthy infants as established by medical history and clinical examination before entering the study.
2. Age: 6-8 weeks at the time of enrollment.
3. Parental ability and willingness to provide written informed consent.
4. Parent who intends to remain in the area with the child during the study period.
5. Receipt of birth dose of Hepatitis B vaccine and OPV.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Presence of diarrhea or vomiting in the previous 72 hours or on the day of enrollment (temporary exclusion).
2. Presence of fever on the day of enrollment (temporary exclusion).
3. Acute disease at the time of enrollment (temporary exclusion).
4. Concurrent participation in another clinical trial at any point throughout the entire timeframe for this study.
5. Presence of significant malnutrition or any systemic disorder as determined by medical history and / or physical examination which would compromise the subject's health or is likely to result in nonconformance to the protocol.
6. History of congenital abdominal disorders, intussusception, or abdominal surgery.
7. Known or suspected impairment of immunological function based on medical history and physical examination.
8. Household contact with an immunosuppressed individual or pregnant woman.
9. Prior receipt or intent to receive rotavirus and / or diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus Influenzae type b, Hepatitis B vaccine (other than birth dose) or inactivated polio vaccine (IPV) during the study period and outside of the study. OPV dose received during national / subnational immunization days will be allowed.
10. A known sensitivity or allergy to any components of the study vaccine.
11. Clinically detectable congenital or genetic defect.
12. History of persistent diarrhea (defined as diarrhea that lasts 14 days or longer).
13. Receipt of any immunoglobulin therapy and / or blood products since birth or planned administration during the study period.
14. History of chronic administration (defined as more than 14 days) of immunosuppressants including corticosteroids. Infants on inhaled or topical steroids may be permitted to participate in the study.
15. History of any neurologic disorders or seizures.
16. Any medical condition in the parents / infant which, in the judgment of the Investigator, would interfere with or serves as a contraindication to protocol adherence or a participant's parents' ability to give written informed consent.

Answer: C