Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Vitamin D Replacement on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes: a Randomized Controlled Trial in Pregnant Women With Hypovitaminosis D
Brief Summary: The optimal vitamin D replacement dose during pregnancy remains undefined. Therefore, the aim of this study is to test the hypothesis that a daily equivalent dose of vitamin D of 3,000 IU/day is needed for Middle Eastern women, to optimize maternal vitamin D level and neonatal musculoskeletal parameters, specifically knee-heel length at birth and bone mineral content at one month of age.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Women between 18-42 years of age
* within 18 plus/minus 3 weeks gestation
* planning to breastfeed their infant
* a singleton pregnancy

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any co-morbid condition such pre-gestational diabetes, TB, cardiac or renal disease, HIV/AIDS, chronic hypertension, inflammatory bowel disease, autoimmune disease, liver disease, or epilepsy; conditions associated with vitamin D malabsorption: celiac disease, gastric bypass;
* History of previous adverse pregnancy outcome \[preterm delivery \<37; weeks GA, stillbirth, severe pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, HELLP syndrome (hemolytic anemia, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count)\];
* Women will also be ineligible if they are taking more than 10 µg day supplemental vitamin D or drugs known to interfere with vitamin D metabolism (i.e corticosteroids).
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women gestational age (GA)\< 14 weeks at screening visit. Middle Eastern woman (Middle East countries defined by WHO: Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Palestine, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, , United Arab Emirates, Yemen)
* 25(OH)D level between 10ng/ml and 30ng/ml
* Age \> 18 years
* Vitamin D supplementation ≤ 200 IU daily (If daily vitamin D supplementation \> 200 IU daily, at enrollment, the pregnant women will be advised to adjust prenatal multivitamin doses in such a way that total vitamin D supplementation per week doesn't exceed 1400 IU per week, in consultation with primary Obstetric and Gynecology (OB-GYN) physician.)

Exclusion Criteria:

* 25(OH)D level \< 10 ng/ml or \> 30 ng/ml.
* Known metabolic bone disease
* Current medications likely to interfere with vitamin D metabolism (enzyme inducing anticonvulsants, anti -TB)
* Vitamin D supplementation \> 600 IU daily
* Pregnant women with twins
C: Inclusion Criteria:

Mother:

* Pregnant in week 22-26 of gestation
* Participating in the ABC-cohort
* Living in Sealand, Denmark
* Fluent in Danish
* Willing to let the child participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

Mother:

* Intake of more than 400 IU of vitamin D during the last 6 months
* Endocrinological disease such as calcium metabolic disorder, parathyroid disorder, thyroid disorder or Diabetes type 1
* Tuberculosis
* Sarcoidosis
* In need of diuretics or heart medication including calcium channel blockers
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Personal history of asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis or a history of asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis in the biological father of the child
* Gestational age between 10 and 18 weeks at the time of randomization
* Maternal age between 18 and 39 years
* Not a current smoker
* English or Spanish speaking
* Intent to participate for the full 4 years (through Pregnancy and then until the 3rd birthday of the child)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not meeting inclusion criteria
* Gestational age greater than 18 weeks
* Presence of chronic medical conditions
* Taking vitamin D supplements containing more than 2000 IU/day of vitamin D3
* Multiple gestation pregnancy (twins, triplets)
* Pregnancy achieved by assisted reproduction techniques (e.g., IUI, IVF)

Answer: B