Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Hybrid Approach to Mirror Therapy and Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation for Stroke Recovery: A Follow up Study on Brain Reorganization, Motor Performance of Upper Extremity, Daily Function, and Activity Participation
Brief Summary: We hypothesize that (1) the hybrid therapy will induce greater improvements on some health-related outcomes compared to other therapies; (2) such benefits will retain at 6-month follow-up; (3) better motor control and brain reorganization will be found in the hybrid therapy than the other therapies; (4) correlations will be found between brain activity and movement kinematics/health-related outcomes.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* stroke with at least slight deficit

Exclusion Criteria:

* epilepsy
* contraindication to tDCS and/or to fMRI
* presence of metal in the head
* unability to understand / complete behavioural tasks
* chronic intake of alcohol or recreative drugs
* major health condition
* presence of pacemaker
* pregnancy
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* First episode of stroke in cortical regions
* Time since stroke more than 6 months
* Initial motor part of UE of FMA score ranging from 24 to 52, indicating moderate to mild movement impairment
* No severe spasticity in any joints of the affected arm (Modified Ashworth Scale ≤ 2)
* No serious cognitive impairment (i.e., Mini Mental State Exam score≧ 24)
* Willing to sign the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Aphasia that might interfere with understanding instructions
* Visual/attention impairments that might interfere with the seeing of mirror illusion, including hemineglect/hemianopsia
* Major health problems or poor physical conditions that might limit participation
* Currently participation in any other research
* Previous brain neurosurgery
* Metallic implants within the brain.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Ischemic lesions in the territory of middle cerebral artery subcortical or subcortical/cortical confirmed neuroimaging
2. Inclusion must be in the sub-acute phase defined as within 2-4 weeks after stroke
3. Persistent hemiparesis, indicated by a score of 1-3 on the motor arm item of the NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) (Brott et al. 1989) but wrist and finger movement is not required
4. No UE injury or conditions that limited use prior to the stroke.
5. The patient is \>18 years old.
6. The patient has subscribed the informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of epilepsy, brain tumor, major head trauma, learning disorder, severe cognitive impairment, drug or alcohol abuse, major psychiatric illness
2. Use of medications that may lower seizure threshold (e.g., metronidazole, fluoroquinolones)
3. Severe pain in the affected upper limb (\>=8 on the shoulder item of the "joint pain during passive motion" of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment Upper Extremity)
4. Further stroke or other significant medical complication during the study
5. Evidence of severe leucoencephalopathy (grade IV according to the Fazeka's scale)
6. Important aphasia that would impair the understanding and performance of the assessment scales
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* stroke onset \>3 months prior to study enrollment
* subject has at least 10 degrees mobility over wrist, thumb and fingers on the affected side
* subject can move, stand up and stand firmly with constrained healthy hand
* subject can perform training 6 hours daily in 2 weeks
* subject is able to understand instructions and be able to cooperate

Exclusion Criteria:

* pregnancy
* contraindications to MRI of brain
* epilepsy, major psychiatric disease
* excessive pain that prevents training
* history of other diseases resulting decreased mobility of affected upper limb

Answer: B