Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Phase 4 Study of Losartan in Hypertensive Men and Women With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Before and After Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) Treatment
Brief Summary: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent condition in hypertensive patients. The renin-angiotension-aldosterone-system (RAAS) has a central role in blood pressure control. An angiotensin-II-antagonist, Losartan, is an effective antihypertensive drug. However, some patients respond to this drug worse than the others, and it is a clinical praxis to either increase the dosage and/or add another drug. There is limited data regarding the impact of antihypertensive drugs in OSA patients, i.e., whether or not OSA may constitute the subgroup of therapy-resistent hypertensive patients. In the literature, there is no data, either, whether or not CPAP treatment may have an additive blood pressure lowering impact in this certain subgroup.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Refractory hypertensive patients with moderate-to-severe OSA, aged between 30 to 65 years old.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Aortic, heart and valve diseases
* Renal failure
* Other identifiable causes of hypertension, no adherence, use of cocaine, amphetamines, other illicit drugs, sympathomimetics (decongestants, anorectics), oral contraceptive hormones, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
B: Inclusion Criteria: acute ischemic stroke with NIH Stroke Scale \>=2 -

Exclusion Criteria: respiratory distress; COPD requiring oxygen; primary intracranial hemorrhage on admission brain imaging; time from symptom onset to sleep study or CPAP treatment \>72 hours or time from hospital admission to sleep study or CPAP treatment \>48 hours; life expectancy less than 6 months; inability to provide informed consent; inability to communicate in English; residence outside the greater New Haven area; or any condition where the monitoring required by the study would constitute a risk to the patient or impair his or her care.

-
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Body Mass Index \<35 kg/m2
* Systolic Blood Pressure \>=140 mmHg and/or Diastolic Blood Pressure \>=95 mmHg
* No known clinical disease except hypertension
* No cardiovascular medication
* Apnea-Hypopnea Index \< 5/h (no OSA), or Apnea Hypopnea Index \>=15/h (OSA)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Manifest diabetes, liver- or kidney disease Signs of atrial fibrillation or former myocardial infarction at electrocardiogram
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Mild probable Alzheimer's disease (diagnosed according to the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders \& Stroke-Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association \[NINCDS-ADRDA\] criteria).
* Mini Mental Status Exam score between 20 and 27
* Respiratory disturbance index \>15 (i.e., 15 apneas plus hypopneas per hour of sleep) - Between the ages of 50-85 years
* Stable health
* reliable caregiver
* English speaking
* Patients will be allowed to continue acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, psychotropic medications, memory enhancers, health food supplements, etc. as long as they have been stable on the same dose for at least two months prior to participation and agree to continue on this dose for the duration of the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently receiving treatment for sleep apnea.
* Apneas primarily central in origin; narcolepsy or other sleep disorders
* Medication known to influence sleep (i.e. sedative hypnotics, narcotics) will be excluded if the dose can not remain stable and unchanged for the duration of the study.
* Bronchospastic and symptomatic chronic obstructive pulmonary disease as indicated by regular use of bronchodilators, steroids, history of carbon dioxide retention, waking hypoxemia (PaO2 \<60 mmHg or SpO2 \<92 % by pulse oximetry), or use of supplemental oxygen.
* Symptomatic coronary or cerebral vascular disease (history of myocardial infarction, angina, stroke, or transient ischemic attacks), history of life-threatening arrhythmias, cardiomyopathy, history of psychosis, or current alcohol or drug abuse
* Current diagnosis of active uncontrolled seizure disorder
* Any other advanced, severe and unstable disease of any type that may put the subject at special risk or interfere with primary and secondary variable evaluations
* Change in any medication within one month of participation.

Answer: C