Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Patient-Centered Online Disease Management Using a Personal Health Record System
Brief Summary: Diabetes is a major, growing, and costly chronic disease in the U.S., and implementation of recommended diabetes care remains poor, not merely suboptimal, and varied for a sizable proportion of Americans with diabetes. To further reduce the treatment and adherence gaps in diabetes care, the researchers propose to evaluate a Customized, Continuous Care Management (CCCM) program that actively supports a partnership between the patient and his/her multidisciplinary care management (CM) team using an online disease management (ODM) system, which is integrated with a comprehensive electronic health record (EHR) system that includes a personal health record and secure patient-clinician messaging capabilities. The CCCM program builds upon CM strategies proven effective in past studies and creates an ODM system that is built upon and fully integrated with a leading, commercially available EHR product - providing a blueprint for instituting customized, continuous care management for many different chronic conditions in a range of ambulatory care settings.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* \>= 18 years of age
* Have a designated Palo Alto Medical Foundation Primary Care Provider (PCP)
* Seen in primary or specialty care at the Palo Alto Division at least once in the preceding 24 months
* Diagnosis of diabetes
* Baseline A1C \>= 7.5%

Exclusion Criteria:

* Initial diagnosis of diabetes within the last 12 months
* Diagnosis of Type 1 diabetes
* Inability to speak and read in English
* Lack of regular access to a computer with Internet and email capabilities
* Unwilling to perform any self-monitoring at home, including blood glucose and blood pressure%
* Pregnant, planning to become pregnant, or lactating
* Currently enrolled in a care management program at Palo Alto Medical Foundation or elsewhere
* PCP determination that the study is inappropriate or unsafe for the patient
* Investigator discretion for clinical safety or protocol adherence reasons
B: Inclusion:

* Commercially-insured beneficiaries
* Receive all medical/prescription drug benefits through Horizon
* On ≥1 one oral hypoglycemic agent
* Latest HbA1c measurement ≥ 8% (within previous 6 months)
* Provided phone number to Horizon

Exclusion:

- Currently using any insulin
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 70 years and older
* Diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes
* Seen at Joslin Clinic or Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center for at least one year
* HbA1c 8% X 2 in past 6 months without fluctuation of more than 0.5% (i.e. stable poor control)
* No major change in medications in past 3 months, e.g. addition of insulin or another hypoglycemic agent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with terminal diseases, e.g. malignancy with expected life expectancy of 12 months or less
* Patients who live more than 25 miles from Joslin Clinic/Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center
* Patients who live in an institutional setting (e.g. nursing home, group home, etc)
* Patients who are not able to complete outcome assessments, (e.g. poor vision, diminished mental capacity/severe cognitive decline, unable to speak/read/write English
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* At least 18 years of age
* Had physician-diagnosed type 2 diabetes
* Self-identified as African American or Latino/Hispanic
* Lived in the targeted zip codes.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Individuals who already had serious diabetes-related complications, such as blindness, amputated limbs, and kidney failure

Answer: A