Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Multimodal Treatment Study of Children With ADHD
Brief Summary: This trial is a continuation of the Multimodal Treatment Study of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (MTA Study). Continuation Aim 1 is to track the persistence of intervention-related effects as the MTA sample matures into mid-adolescence, including subsequent mental-health and school-related service utilization patterns as a function of MTA treatment experience (treatment assignment) and outcome (degree of treatment success at 14 mo.). Aim 2 is to test specific hypotheses about predictors, mediators, and moderators of long-term outcome among children with ADHD (e.g., comorbidity; family functioning; cognitive skills; peer relations) that may influence adolescent functioning (either independent of or through initial treatment assignment and/or 14-month treatment outcomes); and to compare how these predictors, mediators, and moderators are similar or dissimilar within the normal comparison group. Aim 3 is to track the patterns of risk and protective factors (including their mediation or moderation by initial treatment assignment and/or outcome) involved in early and subsequent stages of developing substance-related disorders and antisocial behavior. Aim 4 is to examine the effect of initial treatment assignment and degree of treatment success on later academic performance, achievement, school conduct, tendency to drop out, and other adverse school outcomes.

In the original MTA design, patients were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatment conditions: (1) medication only; (2) psychosocial only; (3) combined (medication and psychosocial); or (4) Assessment-and-Referral condition. All but the latter were treated intensively for 14 months, with assessments for all subjects at baseline, 3, 9, 14, and 24 months. The original MTA design thus provides short-term (10 months post-treatment) follow-up at 24 months. This continuation extends the follow-up to assessments at 36, 60, and 84 months after treatment.

A child may be eligible for this study if he/she:

Is 7 - 9 years old, and has Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age: 8 -17
* BD type I or II comorbid with ADHD
* Reduction of maniac symptoms (30% reduction in the YMRS scores and/or CGI scores ≤ 2)while using aripiprazole during a previous study (NCT00116259)without improvement of ADHD symptoms (reduction in ADHD symptoms \< 30% in the SNAP-IV). Those receiving placebo in the previous protocol will receive a 6- week open label treatment with aripiprazole. The same threshold for reducing maniac symptoms and absence of response in ADHD symptoms will be used.

Exclusion Criteria:

* IQ \< 70
* Pregnancy or absence of a contraceptive method in fertile girls
* Diagnoses: pervasive development disorder, schizophrenia, drug abuse or dependency
* Risk of suicide or homicide
* Clinical condition that might interfere in the study
* Known sensibility to aripiprazole
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* ADHD diagnosis of all subtypes (except Not Otherwise Specified)
* Patients with total or subscale Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ADHD RS-IV) scores \> =90th percentile relative to the general population of children by age and gender
* Patients currently receiving ADHD medication must be inadequately managed on their current stimulant dose and meet this criteria at the screening visit
* Ability to read and understand English
* Ability to attend school regularly.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Estimated Full Scale IQ score of 80 or below
* Severe Learning Disability
* History of, or current, primary diagnosis of: severe anxiety disorder, conduct disorder, psychotic disorders, pervasive developmental disorder, eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sleep disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, chronic tic disorder, personal or family history of Tourette's syndrome
* Weight \< 3rd percentile for age
* History of hospitalization for treatment of a mood, anxiety, or psychotic disorder
* History of failed response to methylphenidate.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

-

Patients must have:

Rigorously diagnosed Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients must meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria for ADHD based on Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School Aged Children-Present and Lifetime (K-SADS-PL) prior to randomization.
* Patients must have an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-IV-Parent Version:Investigator-Administered and Scored (ADHD-RS-IV-PV:IR) total score at least 1.5 standard deviations above the age/gender norm prior to randomization. They must have a Clinical Global Impression-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder-Severity Scale (CGI-ADHD-S) score greater than or equal to 4 at both the patients screening visit, prior to randomization.
* Patients must have laboratory results; showing no clinically significant abnormalities.
* Patients must be of normal intelligence, as assessed by the investigator.
* Patients/parents must have been judged by the investigator to be reliable to keep appointments for clinic visits and all tests, including venous punctures and examinations required by the protocol.
* Patients of child-bearing potential agree to use a reliable method of birth control during the study and for 1 month following the last dose of study drug. Female patients of child-bearing potential must test negative for pregnancy at the time of enrollment based on a urine pregnancy test.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who weigh less than 18 kg or greater than 75 kg at screening and at randomization.
* Female patients who are pregnant or who are breast-feeding. Patients who have a history of Bipolar I/ II, psychosis, or pervasive developmental disorder.
* Patients who have current motor tics or a diagnosis of Tourette's Syndrome.
* Patients with marked anxiety, tension, and agitation sufficient, to contraindicate treatment with extended-release methylphenidate.
* Patients with a history of any seizure disorder, known electroencephalographic (EEG) abnormalities in the absence of seizures.
* If the electrocardiogram (ECG) assessed at screening/prior to randomization shows an abnormality meeting one or more of the absolute exclusion criteria listed in the Pediatric ECG Alert Criteria must be excluded from the study.
* Patients who, in the opinion of the investigator, are at serious suicidal risk.
* Patients with a history of severe allergies to more than one class of medications, multiple adverse drug reactions, or known hypersensitivity to extended-release methylphenidate.
* Patients with a history of alcohol or drug abuse within the past 3 months prior to, or who are currently using alcohol, drugs of abuse, or any prescribed or over-the-counter medication in a manner that the investigator considers indicative of abuse.
* Patients who screen positive for drugs of abuse not prescribed by a physician cannot participate. Drug screen may be repeated at the discretion of the investigator, and the patient may be allowed to enter the study if the repeat screen is negative. All patients must have a negative drug screen before enrollment in the study.
* Patients who have a medical condition that would increase sympathetic nervous system activity markedly, or who are taking a medication on a daily basis that has sympathomimetic activity are excluded. Such medications can be taken on an as-needed basis.
* Patients with problems that would be exacerbated by increased norepinephrine tone, including a history of cardiovascular disease, thyroid dysfunction, glaucoma, urinary retention, or severe gastrointestinal narrowing.
* Patients who, at any time during the study, are likely to need psychotropic medications apart from the drugs under study.
* Patients who, at any time during the study, are likely to begin structured psychotherapy aimed at ADHD symptoms are excluded. Psychotherapy initiated at least 1 month prior to screening is acceptable.
* Patients who have used a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) during the 2 weeks prior to randomization.
* Patients with current or past history of clinically significant hypertension.
* Patients who are currently enrolled in, or discontinued within the last 30 days from a clinical trial involving an off-label use of an investigational drug, or concurrently enrolled in any other type of medical research.
* Patients who have participated in a prior study of LY2216684.

Answer: C