Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Fast Assessment of Stroke and Transient Ischemic Attack to Prevent Early Recurrence (FASTER)
Brief Summary: Current management of patients with TIA (transient ischemic attack) or minor stroke includes the prompt investigation and treatment in the days and weeks after the event. However, new evidence shows patients are at the highest risk of stroke in the first few days after the TIA, with 50% of strokes which happen in the three months following TIA occurring within 48-72 hours. To date, there is no evidence to guide physicians on how to safely reduce this risk.

The FASTER trial is focusing on the initial period of high risk, starting patients on stroke prevention treatments in the hours following a TIA or minor stroke. The drugs to be tested have been shown to be effective in the similar setting of cardiology, reducing recurrent cardiac events in patients with unstable angina when commenced with the same speed after an event.

All patients will be on aspirin. The trial will see if adding another drug, clopidogrel, has an additional benefit in reducing the number of strokes after TIA or minor stroke within three months of TIA or minor stroke. It will also look if the very early introduction of simvastatin, a cholesterol lowering therapy, reduces stroke after TIA or minor stroke, both by itself and in addition to clopidogrel. The final aim of the trial is to ensure that these treatments are safe to be used in this population of patients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients presenting in the participating hospitals with a TIA or non-disabling stroke of atherosclerotic origin
* Randomisation within 6 months after the TIA or minor stroke
* Modified Rankin scale of 3 or less

Exclusion Criteria:

* (Contra)indication to, or intolerance to, anticoagulants, dipyridamole, or aspirin
* Disease expected to cause death within weeks or months
* Source of embolism in the heart
* Moderate or severe ischemic damage to the white matter of the brain (leukoaraiosis)
* Anemia, polycythemia, thrombocytosis, or thrombocytopenia
* Planned carotid endarterectomy
* Intracranial bleeding or cerebral tumour
* TIA or stroke caused by vasculitis, migraine, or dissection
* Severe hypertension
* Liver failure
* Pregnancy
* Chronic alcohol abuse
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* A person who has been diagnosed with acute coronary syndrome and is to undergo a percutaneous coronary intervention.
* A person who is of the legal age of 18 and is mentally competent to provide a signed written informed consent.
* If a woman is of childbearing potential (i.e., before menopause), she must test negative for pregnancy and agree to use a reliable method of birth control.

Exclusion Criteria:

* A person who has had an ischemic stroke within the last 3 months or a hemorrhagic stroke at any time in the past.
* A person who has active internal bleeding or has a history of a bleeding disorder.
* Individuals who are at an increased risk of bleeding based on laboratory criteria evaluated by the treatment physician or on medication that can cause bleeding.
* A person who has liver disease; for example, cirrhosis.
* A person who has a condition such as alcoholism, mental illness, or is drug dependent.
* A person who has cardiogenic shock, a refractory ventricular arrhythmia, or congestive heart failure (class IV).
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with TIA or minor acute ischemic stroke (NIHSS \< 4 at the time of randomization) who must NOT be candidates for acute thrombolysis or other acute intervention indicated as the current standard of care
* Aged 40 years or older
* Patients with: (a) weakness at time of TIA/minor stroke and/or language disturbance at time of TIA/minor stroke and; (b) duration of neurological deficit (TIA) \> 5 minutes
* Patients can be randomized within 24 hours of symptom onset. Symptom onset is defined by the "last seen well" principle
* Patients must have provided written, informed consent to participate in the FASTER trial.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with pure sensory symptoms, pure vertigo or dizziness, pure ataxia or pure visual loss
* Patients for whom thrombolysis or other acute intervention is indicated as the current standard of care
* Patients who are currently on statin therapy, antiplatelet therapy (not including aspirin), or long-term non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs but not COX inhibitors), or anticoagulation
* Patients who in the opinion of the site Investigator, should be commenced on statin therapy
* Patients with neurological deficit due to intracranial hemorrhage (intracranial hemorrhage, subarachnoid hemorrhage, subdural hematoma, epidural hematoma), tumor, infection or any finding not consistent with acute brain ischemia as the cause of presenting symptoms
* Presumed cardiac source of embolus (e.g. atrial fibrillation, prosthetic cardiac valve, known/suspected endocarditis)
* Patient with a concomitant acute coronary syndrome (acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina)
* Modified Rankin Score 3 or more (pre-morbid historical assessment)
* Patients in whom the qualifying event was due to a complication of cerebral angiography, a revascularization procedure or trauma
* Uncontrolled hypertension at baseline (systolic blood pressure \>180 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \>110 mmHg), or malignant hypertension defined by brain plus acute organ involvement due to acute hypertension
* Women who are breast-feeding or pregnant. Women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test prior to randomization. Women of childbearing potential may still participate in the trial but must plan on not becoming pregnant during the course of the study and must practice a suitable method of birth control. If a patient becomes pregnant or begins breast-feeding during the study, both study drugs will be discontinued immediately, and the patient followed for the duration of the study
* Evidence of contraindication for use of Trial Medication: (i) serious systemic bleeding precluding antiplatelet therapy; (ii) hypersensitivity to aspirin, thienopyridine drugs (clopidogrel or ticlopidine) or statins; (iii) current or past history of renal insufficiency \[serum Creatinine \>150 umol\]; (iv) hepatic dysfunction indicated by any or all of the following \[ALT \>3xULN, AST \>3xULN, ALP \>3xULN\]; (v) thrombocytopenia \[platelet count \< 150 x10\^9/L\]; (vi) neutropenia \[neutrophil count \< 0.5 x10\^9/L\]; (vii) bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy indicated by any or all of the following \[INR \>1.2, PT \>1.2xULN, PTT \>1.2xULN\]
* Life expectancy of less than 90 days
* Participation in another clinical therapeutic trial (drug or device) either concurrently or within the previous 30 days, or prior participation in FASTER
* Geographical or other factors that render follow-up impractical or that render evaluation of outcome events impossible (e.g. severe dementia). Patients may be randomized who could and are willing to complete their follow-up at a participating centre
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with NYHA class II, III, or IV and left ventricular ejection fractions less than or equal to 35%, on an ACE inhibitor (unless not tolerated) and on a diuretic.

Exclusion Criteria:

Answer: C