Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Nadroparin Anticoagulation for Continuous Venovenous Hemofiltration (CVVH), a Randomized Cross-over Trial Comparing Hemostasis Between Two Hemofiltration Rates
Brief Summary: The low molecular weight heparin nadroparin is used for anticoagulation of the extracorporeal hemofiltration circuit. Continuous hemofiltration is a renal replacement modality for intensive care patients with acute renal failure. Up to now it is not known whether nadroparin is removed by hemofiltration or not. Accumulation would increase the risk of bleeding.

Aim of the present study is to determine

1. whether nadroparin accumulates in plasma
2. whether nadroparin is removed by filtration and whether removal depends on hemofiltration dose
3. the effects of nadroparin during critical illness on coagulation and anticoagulation


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SIRS \> or = 2 meets definition
* Patients with acute kidney injury in the intensive care ward.
* Requiring continuous renal replacement therapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy
* Cirrhosis
* End stage renal disease
* HIV infection
* Serum creatinine in male \> 2 mg/dl and female \> 1.5 mg/dl
* Bleeding
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

* (recent) bleeding or a suspicion of bleeding necessitating transfusion,
* need of therapeutic anticoagulation or
* (suspected) heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Acute renal failure clinically consistent with a diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis
* Plan for renal replacement therapy by clinical team
* Receiving care in a critical care unit
* One non-renal organ failure or sepsis
* Age 18 or older
* Patient or surrogate provides informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Baseline serum creatinine \> 2 mg/dL (177 mol/L) in males, \> 1.5 mg/dL (133 mol/L) in females
* Acute renal failure clinically believed to be due to an etiology other than acute tubular necrosis
* More than 72 hours since meeting both of the following conditions:

  1. Fulfillment of the definition of ARF; and
  2. BUN \> 100 mg/dL (36 mmol/L)
* More than 1 hemodialysis treatment or more than 24 hours since starting continuous renal replacement therapy
* Prior kidney transplant
* Pregnancy
* Prisoner
* Weight \> 128.5 kg
* Non-candidacy for renal replacement therapy
* Moribund state
* Patient not expected to survive 28 days because of underlying terminal chronic medical condition
* Comfort-measures-only status
* Participation in a concurrent interventional study
* Patient/surrogate refusal
* Physician refusal
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with acute kidney injury requiring renal replacement therapy (RIFLE criteria)
* Patients (males or females) \> 18 yrs old
* Consent form signed (or in emergency investigator's statement form)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with active bleeding disorders
* Patients with past history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT)
* Patients with very severe liver disease ( patients awaiting liver transplant or factor V \< 20% or MELD score \> 25)
* Pregnancy (negative pregnancy test required in child-bearing age women prior to inclusion)
* Enrollment in another concurrent therapeutic trial

Answer: B