Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Refining and Pilot Testing Social Networks for Encouraging Healthy Behaviors: The Social Pounds Off Digitally (Social POD) Study
Brief Summary: Smartphones have the capability to monitor health-related behaviors (exercise, diet, etc.) and provide social support which has the potential to play a powerful role in health promotion. The objective of this study is to refine and pilot test the Social POD app for personalized health monitoring and interaction founded on a combination of social networks, recommender systems, motivational research, and health behavior theory. The aim of our proposed project is to conduct a 3-month pilot RCT among overweight and obese adults (N=150) comparing a theory-based podcast (TBP) plus self-monitoring using a commercially-available calorie and weight tracking app (current most popular diet self-monitoring method) versus TBP plus self-monitoring and social support/incentive points for participating with the Social POD app (TBP+Social POD).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with BMI \>25 will be recruited from the primary care clinics at Hines Hospital VAMC. Enrollment of patients with this BMI criteria allows comparability with other obesity behavioral treatment trials. The enrollment policy is also consistent with the 2005 VA/DoD Practice Guideline that recommends obesity treatment for all Veterans with BMI \>25.
* Male or female Veterans
* Age \>18
* With chronic pain (Numeric Rating Scale of pain intensity \[NRS-I\] \> 4 for \> 6 months prior to enrollment)
* Ready to make a weight loss effort involving diet and activity change
* Able to communicate comfortably in English.
* The primary pain complaint must be possibly related to obesity (e.g., back, knee, leg, neck, arm, or full-body pain, and not exclusively headache or cancer-related pain).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Has an active eating disorder or substance abuse disorder --Participating in another VA-funded research project -Significant cognitive or sensorimotor impairment precluding use of the PDA
* Already participating in a structured diet or exercise program or plans to begin such a program outside the study during the next year; requires use of an assistive device for mobility
* At risk for adverse cardiovascular events with moderate intensity activity
* Plans to relocate within the upcoming year
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy subjects since 20 to 70 years

Exclusion Criteria:

Older than 70 years are excluded, due to difficulties in the use of ICTs and those who can not exercise or follow a diet Mediterranean diet
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Body Mass Index (kg/m2) of 25-45.
* English language fluency
* Ability to read at a 6th grade level
* Availability to attend weekly treatment sessions in Providence, RI

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any heart condition that limits ability to participate in physical activity
* Chest Pain
* Any cognitive of physical limitation that would preclude use of a smartphone
* Serious mental illness
* Historical or current eating disorder
* Previous or planned bariatric surgery
* Use of weight loss medication
* Recent pregnancy or a plan to become pregnant in the next 6 months
* Participation in a study at the Weight Control and Diabetes Research Center within the last two years
* A weight loss of greater than 5% body weight in the last 6 months
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Overweight or obese (Body Mass Index between 25 and 49.9 kg/m2)
* Own and Android phone or tablet

Exclusion Criteria:

* are currently pregnant
* are younger than 18 or older than 65 years of age
* are unable to attend 3 meetings at the University of South Carolina
* don't have access to the Internet and a computer
* don't have access to a scale for self-monitoring weight
* aren't willing to be randomized to one of the two groups
* have a psychiatric disease, drug or alcohol dependency, or uncontrolled thyroid condition
* have a major health condition, such as heart conditions, diabetes, and past incidence of stroke
* have an eating disorder
* currently participating in a weight loss program or taking weight loss medications

Answer: D