Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Exenatide on Brain Glucose Uptake in Relations to Pancreatic, Adipose Tissue, and Hepatic Function
Brief Summary: This research study will examine brain glucose metabolism after an overnight fast to determine the effect of exenatide on brain glucose metabolism and lipid metabolism.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Blood glucose criteria must be met
* Body mass index (BMI) in the range 23-45

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of diabetes
* Serious cardiovascular events within the past 6 months
* Use of insulin or any oral antidiabetic agent
* Other protocol-defined exclusion criteria may apply
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Informed consent
* Body mass index equal to or above 30 kg/m\^2
* Stable body weight (less than 5% self-reported change during the previous 3 months)
* Diagnosis of moderate or severe obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA)
* Unwilling or unable to use continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) (or other positive airway pressure) treatment. No CPAP (or other positive airway pressure) treatment for at least four weeks prior to screening
* Ability and willingness to comply with all protocol procedures e.g. correct handling of trial product, compliance to visit schedule and dietary advice and complete trial related questionnaires

Exclusion Criteria:

* Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors or insulin within the last 3 months prior to screening
* Diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 diabetes per judgement of the investigator
* Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) equal to or above 6.5%
* Significant craniofacial abnormalities that may cause OSA
* Respiratory and neuromuscular diseases that could interfere with the results of the trial in the opinion of the investigator
* Use of central stimulants, hypnotics, mirtazepine, opioids, trazodone within the previous 3 months prior to screening
* Obesity induced by drug treatment
* Treatment with pramlintide, sibutramine, orlistat, zonisamide, topiramate or phenteremine within the last 3 month prior to screening
* Previous surgical treatment for obesity
* Screening calcitonin equal to or above 50 ng/L
* Familial or personal history of Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 2 or familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
* Personal history of non-familial Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
* History of chronic pancreatitis or idiopathic acute pancreatitis
* History of Major Depressive Disorder or suicide attempts
* Systolic blood pressure equal to or above 160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure equal to or above 100 mmHg
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Recently diagnosed type 2 diabetes (within 3 years) on diet or IGT
* Fasting triglyceride levels \>140 and \< 400 mg/dl and values varying less than 35% between two screening measurements
* Normal liver function tests and white blood cell count

Exclusion Criteria:

* Type 2 Diabetes for \> 3 years or HbA1c ≥ 7.5
* Known or suspected Type 1 Diabetes
* Any diabetes medications in the past 3 weeks, TZD in the prior 3 months or prior regular use of insulin
* Creatinine \> 2.0 mg/dl or other evidence of active kidney disease
* Hepatic enzyme elevation \> 2x normal
* Known Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
* Malabsorption of fat or other nutrients, severe lactose intolerance or other significant gastrointestinal or pancreatic problems
* Recent history of nausea or vomiting
* Acute bacterial or viral illness or evidence of other active infection in the past 4 weeks
* A prior cardiovascular event, stable or unstable angina or other major illness in the past 6 months
* Current regular use of anti-inflammatory medications or antioxidants, including over the counter medications and high dose salicylates (\>1 g/day)
* Any lipid lowering therapy in the prior 3 weeks other than a statin medication. Subjects receiving a statin medication must be on a stable dose for at least 2 months prior to participation.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Males age 18-65 years old
2. Patients must have Body Mass Index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kg/m2
3. 2-hour glucose concentration above 140mg/dl after 75g glucose load, ie, having impaired glucose tolerance or newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes.
4. Patients must have BMI of 25-40 kg/m2
5. Patients must have no known severe liver or kidney disease, cancer, neurologic, psychiatric or systemic disease, ability to understand the study.
6. Only patients whose body weight has been stable (±3-4 pounds) over the three months prior to study will be included.
7. Patients must have the following laboratory values:

   * Hematocrit ≥ 34 vol%
   * Serum creatinine\* ≤ 1.5 mg/dl in males and
   * Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT): ≤ 2.5 times upper limit of normal
   * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT): ≤ 2.5 times upper limit of normal
   * Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2.5 times upper limit of normal
   * If serum creatinine is ≤ 1.5 mg/dl in males, the PI can grant an exception and not exclude the patient if the Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is \>70 ml/min

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients are excluded from participation in the study if they meet any of the following criteria:

1. Patients with major chronic illness (cancer, liver, kidney, cardiovascular disease)
2. Patients with BMI over 40 and under 25
3. Patient with age below 18 yrs and over 65 yrs
4. Female subjects
5. Patients with type 1 diabetes
6. Patients treated for type 2 diabetes
7. Subjects with normal glucose tolerance (NGT)

Answer: D