Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Phase II Efficacy of Cranberry Powder in Preventing Catheter-associated Urinary Tract Infection Post Elective Gynecological Surgery
Brief Summary: Approximately 10-27% of patients undergoing gynecologic surgeries develop a catheter associated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) in the post operatory period, as bladder catheterization is a common practice in gynecologic surgery. Cranberry products provide alternative means for preventing CAUTI and could result in decreased use of antimicrobials. In this pilot study we will enroll 200 women post gynecologic surgery and randomize them to take either cranberry powder capsules or placebo powder capsules. The low risk of harm associated with using cranberry to reduce UTI coupled with its potential benefit makes it a desirable intervention for the prevention of CAUTI. The conduct/ results of this pilot /feasibility study will prepare us for the conduct of a large scale clinical trial.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Presenting at the gynecology clinic for a pre-operatory visit
2. Ability to give informed consent
3. Willing to take cranberry capsules for up to 6 weeks
4. 18 of age or older

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnancy
2. History of nephrolithiasis
3. History of allergy to cranberry
4. Patient on anticoagulant medicine to be re-started during the 4-6 weeks after surgery
5. Less than 18 years old
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient is cared for by the department of the Gynecology at the Nîmes Unversity Hospital
* The patient is programmed for surgery with placement an indwelling catheter for 48 hours with a sterile urinary cytobacteriologic exam at inclusion

Exclusion Criteria:

* the urinary cytobacteriologic exam at inclusion is positive
* the patient is taking antivitamin K
* the patient is taking antibiotics
* history of urolithiasis
* the patient refuses to participate
* the patient is pregnant or nursing
* the patient is not associated with a social security system (no insurance)
* the patient is under guardianship
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults aged 18 to 70, with multiple sclerosis, neurologically stable for at least 3 months
* With an EDSS score ≥ 3
* Symptomatic bladder dysfunction: frequency, urgency, dysuria, incontinence (at least one of these symptoms), needing intermittent catheterization or not
* Ambulatory at inclusion
* Able to undergo evaluation
* Informed written consent

Non-inclusion Criteria:

* Regular consumption of cranberry within 3 months before inclusion
* Symptomatic urinary tract infection at inclusion
* Chronic renal failure (creatinin clearance \< 10ml/min)
* Patients with urinary permanent catheterization
* Patients with hyperuricemia and risk of uric acid lithiasis
* Patients with oral anticoagulant treatment (antivitamins K)
* Peptic ulcer
* Intolerance to cranberry and/or excipients
* Urinary tract infections antibioprophylaxis
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* At least one UTI within 12 months prior to study entry
* Premenopausal
* Agree to avoid all foods that contain plants from the genus Vaccinium (related to cranberries) for the duration of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Anatomic abnormalities of the urinary tract
* History of kidney stones
* Bacteria in the urine (bacteriuria)
* Use of prophylactic antibiotics within 7 days prior to study entry
* Use of investigational drugs within 30 days prior to study entry
* Current use of warfarin
* Diabetes
* Cancer. Participants with skin cancer are not excluded.
* Allergy or intolerance of cranberry products
* Symptomatic vaginitis
* Pregnant or breastfeeding

Answer: A