Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Asthma in a Decentralized Patient Population: Is Traditional Disease Management Enough? A Randomized, Controlled Trial Comparing Traditional Care to Two Systems of Disease Management for a Decentralized Population of Patients in South Texas
Brief Summary: This is a health services demonstration project that evaluates three methods of health care delivery for the management of individuals with symptoms of asthma. This study will evaluate the impact of a telephonic asthma disease management process, with and without a home intervention program, on preventing asthma-related morbidity through patient/family asthma education.

The investigators' central thesis is that comprehensive clinical disease management protocols for the management of asthma will improve clinical outcomes; reduce fiscal resource consumption; and improve both patient satisfaction and patient quality of life. Additionally, individualized, in-home patient education and environmental assessment, when added to the telephonic protocol, will further improve these measures. However, incremental improvement will vary according to the population's access to care.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 1-18 years
* History of Asthma:
* At least 2 prior episodes of bronchodilator treatment
* No underlying cardiac disease
* No other chronic lung disease
* Residence within Philadelphia city limits
* Discharged from ED after treatment for asthma

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior study enrollment
* Parent unable to speak English
* No telephone to be reachable for follow-up calls
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 6-12 years
* Physician diagnosis of asthma
* Reside in metropolitan Baltimore
* English speaking
* Able to read 80% of parent educational brochure in English
* Emergency Department (ED) visit within the past 12 months and can identify a primary care provider
* No other co-morbid pulmonary disease

Exclusion Criteria:

* Enrolled in another asthma study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Physician diagnosis of asthma
* One or more of the following:

  * Acute visit with the primary diagnosis of asthma within the previous 6 months. (Includes visits to physician's office, emergency department, or any other health care facility.); OR
  * Three or more refills for inhaler medicine in the past 6 months, based on review of pharmaceutical records; OR
  * Diagnosis of asthma based on asthma symptoms and pulmonary function testing.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Other lung disease(s) with a possible reactive component (i.e. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease \[COPD\])
* Any diagnosis requiring chronic systemic steroids
* Enrollment in any other asthma disease management program
* Pregnancy
* Plan to reside at current residence for less than 12 months.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* The child was 2-18 years old
* African-American or Latino race/ethnicity for the child (by parental identification)
* Primary residence in a Milwaukee zip code
* ED or inpatient ward admission with a primary diagnosis of asthma.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Significant co-morbidity, including other pulmonary conditions, cardiac pathology, renal abnormalities, diabetes mellitus, epilepsy, and other co-morbidities that might lead to ED visits or hospitalizations, and current enrollment in a case management, intervention, or outreach program for childhood asthma management.

Answer: C