Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Electronically Connected Health Coaching in Improving Type 2 Diabetes Self Management - Phase III Trial
Brief Summary: Patients with Type 2 Diabetes randomly allocated to the intervention arm (health coaching + smartphone-based health promotion software) will have significantly better Hemoglobin A1c levels at 6 months post-intervention than patients with Type 2 Diabetes allocated to the control arm (health coaching alone).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Both genders
* age 50-70 years
* Type two diabetes with at least two-year history of disease and without insulin treatment in the first two years after diagnosis
* Negative medical history for documented previous cardiovascular events or macrovascular complications
* Written consent to participate
* Presence of at least 2 of the following risk factors:

  * LDL cholesterol \> 130 mg/dL (regardless of treatment)
  * Triglycerides \> 200 mg/dL
  * HDL cholesterol \< 35 (males) or 45 (females) mg/dL
  * Blood pressure \> 140/90 mmHg
  * Cigarette smoking

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age below 50 or above 70 years
* Type 1 diabetes, diagnosis before 40 years of age, known presence of auto-antibodies or insulin requirement in the first 2 years of disease.
* Chronic kidney failure (plasma creatinine \> 2 mg/dL)
* Significant liver damage (AST and/or ALT \> 2 times the upper limits of normality)
* History of previous cardiovascular events
* Active neoplasms or any concomitant disease limiting life expectancy
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Type 2 diabetes diagnosed by a physician at least six months prior to study enrollment. This will be determined via self-report with verification (medical records, current treatment, or test results meeting the 2009 Malaysian Clinical Practice Guideline for Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (4th edition) criteria of fasting blood glucose \> 7.0 mmol/L , symptoms of hyperglycaemia with casual plasma glucose \>11.1mmol/L or two-hour plasma glucose \>11.1mmol/L after a 75gram oral glucose load)
* HbA1c of \> 7.5% but less than 11.0% within the most recent 3 months. Individuals with HbA1c exceeding this level may require more urgent care and as such will be asked to seek treatment
* Aged 18 - 75 years are eligible. Participants older than 75 years of age are excluded due to the increased risk of competing mortality and potential safety concerns related to hypoglycaemia
* Willing or has an intention to fast for at least 15 days during Ramadan
* Access to internet and an e-mail address , or access to a smartphone with 3G services in the intervention group
* Not pregnant or history of heart diseases, serious illness, cancer diagnosis or any other conditions that can impede participation

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable or unwilling to give informed consent or communicate with local study staff
* Current diagnosis of schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, or bipolar disorder
* Hospitalization for depression in past six months
* Plans to relocate to an area or travel plans that do not permit full participation in the study
* Lack of support from primary health care provider or family members
* History of bariatric surgery, small bowel resection, or extensive bowel resection
* Currently pregnant or nursing
* Cancer: requiring treatment in the past five years, except for non-melanoma skin cancers or cancers that have clearly been cured or in the opinion of the investigator carry an excellent prognosis (e.g., Stage 1 cervical cancer)
* Cardiovascular disease (heart attack or procedure within the past three months or participation in a cardiac rehabilitation program within last three months, stroke or history/treatment for transient ischemic attacks in the past three months, or documented history of pulmonary embolus in past six months)
* Other medical, psychiatric, or behavioral factors that in the judgment of the Principal Investigator may interfere with study participation or the ability to follow the intervention protocol
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult, cognitively intact, consenting people with diabetes within enrolled practices

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-english speaking
* Cognitively impaired
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinical diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes
* Fluency in English and/or Spanish

Exclusion Criteria:

* \> 75 years of age

Answer: D