Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Prospective, International, Multi-centre Study on ASAS Classification Criteria for SpA
Brief Summary: Background:

Existing criteria for AS/SpA such as mod. New York, ESSG, or Amor criteria for classification and/or diagnosis of spondyloarthritis have limitations when applied to early disease. Moreover, MRI is not part of any of the established criteria and the precise role of MRI in early axial disease has not been fully defined yet. Even less is known about sacroiliac (SI) changes in SpA patients with peripheral symptoms. A pilot study using data from 'paper patients' led to new candidate criteria for early spondyloarthritis. Subsequently, the members of the ASAS International Working Group decided to conduct a prospective multi-centre study to evaluate (validate) the new candidate criteria, and to assess their performance as diagnostic criteria.

Aims of the study:

1. To evaluate the new candidate criteria for axial SpA in a multi-centre setting.
2. To assess the potential role of the new candidate criteria to be used as diagnostic criteria. To accomplish this, inclusion of consecutive and undiagnosed patients is mandatory as are longer periods of follow-up .
3. To compare criteria encompassing the whole group of SpA such as ESSG and Amor criteria against criteria which are tailored to either predominant axial disease or predominant peripheral disease. To accomplish this, both patients with predominant axial disease (back pain) but also patient with predominant peripheral disease (arthritis/enthesitis) will be included.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Include newly referred patients if:

* Onset of symptoms (back pain/arthritis/enthesitis) \< 45 years
* Undiagnosed disease with the following symptoms:

  * chronic back pain (duration of back pain more than 3 months)
  * and/or peripheral arthritis (asymmetric arthritis/predominantly of the lower limbs)
  * and/or enthesitis
  * and/or dactylitis

Exclusion Criteria:

* No symptoms such as specified in inclusion criteria: back pain, arthritis, enthesitis
* Definite diagnosis
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with established diagnosis of AS steinbrocker functional class I-II
* Basic medication stable for at least three months
* Agreed to participate and signed term of informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Uncontrolled hypertension
* Coronary artery disease
* History of revascularization
* History of syncope or arrhythmias induced by exercise
* Decompensated diabetes mellitus
* Severe psychiatric illness
* Fibromyalgia
* Another medical condition more disabling than AS
* History of exercise regular (at least 30 minutes 2 times per week)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis, confirmed by a rheumatologist
* Age, 18-70 years
* Not using TNF-α medication or steady medication for ≥3 months
* Disease activity ≥2.1 on ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score defined as high disease activity
* Not participated in a structured cardiorespiratory or muscle strengthening exercise program during the last year (\>60 min once per week), including large amounts of brisk walking (\>120 min per week)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known cardiovascular disease
* Severe comorbidity which involves reduced exercise capacity
* Not able to participate in weekly exercises sessions in Oslo
* Pregnancy
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Informed consent
* Age 65 years or older
* Underactive or sedentary based on the Telephone Assessment of Physical Activity
* Community dwelling with a caregiver willing to accompany the participant to visits to the screening evaluation. The caregiver must visit with the subject more than five times a week.
* Nondemented: Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) 0
* Adequate visual and auditory abilities to perform all aspects of the cognitive and functional assessments
* Stable doses of medications for at least 30 days prior to screening.
* Likely to participate in all scheduled evaluations and complete the exercise program over 52 weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* Dementia
* CDR \> 0
* Current clinically significant major psychiatric disorder (e.g., Major Depressive Disorder) according to Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM)-IV criteria or Geriatric Depression score of 5 or greater.
* Significant psychiatric symptoms (e.g., hallucinations) that could impair the completion of the study
* Current clinically-significant systemic illness likely to result in deterioration of the patient's condition or affect the patient's safety during the study
* History of clinically-evident stroke
* Clinically-significant infection within the last 30 days
* Myocardial infarction or symptoms of coronary artery disease (e.g., angina) in the last two-years.
* Uncontrolled hypertension within the last 6 months
* History of cancer within the last 5 years (except non-metastatic basal or squamous cell carcinoma)
* History of drug or alcohol abuse as defined by DSM-IV criteria within the last 2 years
* Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
* Significant pain or musculoskeletal disorder that would prohibit participation in an exercise program

Answer: A