Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effectiveness of an Intervention of Urban Training in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): a Randomised Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: This project plans on a training intervention by using public spaces and urban walkable trails, adapted to each patient needs and capabilities. Primary objective is to assess 12 months effectiveness of the intervention with respect to: (primary outcome): physical activity level, and (secondary outcomes): COPD admissions, exercise capacity, body composition, quality of life, and mental health.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* medically confirmed diagnosis of AECOPD (alone or combined with other conditions)
* capable of understanding the study information and giving informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* admitted due to lung diseases other than COPD
* received COPD education in the previous 6 months (in primary care, acute or rehabilitation hospitals)
* presence of diagnosis of dementia or incapacity to learn due to cognitive issues
* have medical, cognitive or language limitations to communicating in written or spoken English
* have participated or been asked to participate in the trial before
* in the intensive care unit
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of COPD, clinically stable for 1 month;
* Spirometry results showing at least mild disease (FEV1/FVC \< 70% and FEV1 \< 80% predicted after bronchodilator);
* ADL limited by dyspnea;
* Ability to speak English and sign consent form;
* Actively use computer and the Internet;
* Maintain O2 saturation \> 85% on \< 6 L/min of nasal oxygen during the six minute walk;
* Understands and is able to rate shortness of breath during exercise

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active symptomatic illness other than COPD;
* Formal pulmonary rehabilitation training in the past 6 months
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* age \> 45 years
* COPD diagnosed by pulmonary function tests during clinical stability, with a ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) to forced vital capacity (FVC) ≤ 0.70
* clinical stability, defined as at least 4 weeks without antibiotics or oral corticosteroids.

Exclusion Criteria:

* living \>6 months/year outside of the included municipalities,
* living to a distance higher than 500 meters to any of the urban trails used for the study,
* mental disability according to the Mini Mental State Examination in its validated Spanish version
* comorbidity that could interfere with study tests (e.g., lower limb amputation)
* severe psychiatric disease or severe comorbidity limiting survival at one year, according to medical history.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Registered in one of the general practices participating in the study
* Diagnosis of COPD, with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases (GOLD) stage I, II or III
* Age ≥35 years
* Willing to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Very poor prognosis with regard to respiratory condition (GOLD stage IV)
* Severe co-morbid conditions with a reduced life expectancy
* Unable to communicate in the Dutch language
* Objections to one or more of the disease management modes in the study

Answer: C