Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Adaptive Support Ventilation vs. Conventional Ventilation Strategy in the Management of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome:A Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Prospective randomized controlled trial to be conducted in the Respiratory Intensive Care Unit (RICU) of Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education And Research (PGIMER),Chandigarh. The study is approved by the Institute Ethics committee. In view of lack of previous outcome data in such patients, all patients requiring RICU admission for acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS) between January 2010 and June 2011 are being enrolled in this pilot study.

The patients meeting the aforementioned criteria will randomly assigned to ventilation with assist control mode ventilation (ACMV group) as per the ARDSnet strategy or adaptive support ventilation (ASV group). Being the first RCT of its type, patients will be first stabilized on ACMV for 1 hour to determine the adequate minute ventilation. The randomization sequence will be computer generated. The assignments will placed in sealed opaque envelopes and each patient's assignment was made on admission to the RICU by the attending physician. Blinding of treatment is not possible.

All patients will be ventilated only by Galileo Gold ventilators (Hamilton medical systems, Bonaduz, Switzerland). Patients randomized to the ACMV group will be ventilated according to low tidal volume strategy of 6ml/kg with Fio2/PEEP as per ARDSnet table to achieve a saturation between 88-95% with the lowest possible Fio2 to maintain plateau pressures \< 30 cms H2o and PH \> 7.3 with option to reduce tidal volume to 4 ml/kg and increase respiratory rate to 35/ min to achieve the above said goals11.These patients will be weaned as per standard protocol of spontaneous breathing trial of 30 minutes once they are recognized eligible as per statement of the sixth International consensus conference on weaning.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Intubated or tracheotomised patients requiring mechanical ventilation at 9:00 am for longer than 9 hours (within this time period invasive and non-invasive ventilation is permitted)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cerebral trauma / surgery
* Age \< 18 years
* Do-not-resuscitate-order
* Duration of mechanical ventilation \> 24 h
* Patient is currently participating in this trial (including 90 days follow-up period)
B: Criteria for consent (before surgical procedure):

* Elective cardiac surgery
* Age 18 to 90 years
* Absence of pregnancy
* Body Mass Index \< 40 kg/m²
* Creatinine \< 200micromol/L)
* Baseline PaCO2 \> 50 mmHg)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unexpected surgical procedure
* Major complication during surgery
* Early extubation expected (\< 1 hour)
* Broncho-pleural fistula
* Study ventilator not available
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* The attending physician thinks that the patient will be able to breathe spontaneously or the patients is already breathing spontaneously.
* No vasopressor or inotropic medication, unless the patient is receiving some digitalin or small doses of dopamine (\< 5 µg/kg/min)
* Slight or no endotracheal tube gas-leakage (\[Vti - Vte\]/Vti ≤ 20%)
* Mechanical ventilation with a plateau pressure ≤ 25 cmH2O over PEEP
* PEEP ≤ 8 cmH2O
* FiO2 ≤ 60% in order to obtain pulse oxymetry ≥ 95%
* PaCO2 \< 70 mmHg on the last blood gases
* Extubation not expected the day of inclusion

Exclusion Criteria:

* N/A
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Acute onset shortness of breath(\<7 days)
* PaO2/FiO2 \< 200 mm Hg (regardless of PEEP)
* Bilateral infiltrates on frontal chest radiograph
* \<18 mm Hg when measured or no clinical evidence of left atrial hypertension

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age less than 12 years
* Patients having underlying chronic lung disease
* Contraindication to permissive hypercapnia (raised intracranial pressure, acute cerebrovascular disorders, acute or chronic myocardial ischemia, right ventricular failure, uncorrected severe metabolic acidosis, sickle cell anemia, tricyclic antidepressant overdose, pregnancy)

Answer: D