Please select the outcome measures that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe) for Smoking Abstinence
Brief Summary: Cigarette smoking is of great public health importance and is the single most important preventable cause of morbidity, mortality and excess health care costs in the United States. After a steady decline for the last 50 years, the prevalence of tobacco use in the United States has reached a plateau of approximately 21%. Currently available treatments among adults are not efficacious for all tobacco users. New pharmacologic agents thus need to be continually developed and tested.

The release of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens is one of the key components of the pleasurable and rewarding effects of nicotine. Drugs that increase monoamine neurotransmitter availability (particularly dopamine and norepinephrine) are likely to increase the reward function and thus ameliorate withdrawal symptoms. S-Adenosyl-L-Methionine (SAMe), the primary methyl donor for the central nervous system (CNS), donates methyl groups towards presynaptic synthesis of CNS monoamine neurotransmitters. By facilitating the synthesis of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, SAMe is likely to ameliorate the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal, thus improving tobacco abstinence rates in smokers who are trying to stop smoking. SAMe is well tolerated and is available over-the-counter.

To date, no prospective clinical trial evaluating the efficacy of SAMe for the treatment of tobacco dependence has been published. We propose to evaluate the efficacy of SAMe for increasing smoking abstinence and decreasing nicotine withdrawal symptoms in a randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled, three-arm, parallel-group, dose-ranging phase II clinical trial. Participants (N=120) will be randomly assigned to one of the three groups, and will receive an 8-week course of SAMe 800-mg per day, 1600-mg per day, or a matching placebo. This study is anticipated to provide the data needed to develop a larger randomized controlled clinical trial submitted through the R01 funding mechanism, if the results appear promising.


Options:
A: Percent days abstinent of tobacco, alcohol and drugs (Past 90 days)
B: Quit Rate (4 months)
C: Number of Participants With Adverse Events (AEs) and Serious Adverse Events (SAEs) (Baseline up to 30 days after last dose of study treatment or up to Week 16); Number of Participants With Psychiatric Adverse Events (Baseline up to Week 24); Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): Total Score (Baseline to Week 12); Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): Total Score (Baseline to Week 24); Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): Positive Symptoms Score (Baseline to Week 12); Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): Positive Symptoms Score (Baseline to Week 24); Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): Negative Symptoms Score (Baseline to Week 12); Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS): Negative Symptoms Score (Baseline to Week 24); Change From Baseline to Week 12 in Simpson Angus Rating Scale (SARS) (Baseline to Week 12); Change From Baseline to Week 24 in Simpson Angus Rating Scale (SARS) (Baseline to Week 24); Number of Participants With Suicidal Behavior and / or Ideation ("Yes" Response) on the Columbia Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) During the Treatment Phase (Week 1 to Week 12 (Treatment phase)); Number of Participants With Suicidal Behavior or Suicical Ideation ("Yes" Response ) on the Columbia Suicide-Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) During the Post Treatment Phase (Week 13 to Week 24 (Post treatment phase)); Number of Participants With Shift From Baseline to Week 12 in Clinical Global Impressions Scale-Severity (CGI-S) Score (Baseline (Bsl) to Week 12); Number of Participants With Shift From Baseline to Week 24 in Clinical Global Impressions Scale-Severity (CGI-S) Score (Baseline to Week 24); Number of Participants With Clinical Global Impression of Improvement Scale (CGI-I) Score at Week 1 (Baseline, Week 1); Number of Participants With Clinical Global Impression of Improvement Scale (CGI-I) Score at Week 12 (Baseline, Week 12); Number of Participants With Clinical Global Impression of Improvement Scale (CGI-I) Score at Week 24 (Baseline, Week 24)
D: 7-day Point Prevalence Smoking Abstinence at End of Treatment (Week 8) (8 weeks)

Answer: D