Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Use of a Forecasting System for Predicting Exacerbations of COPD: Effect on Symptoms and Hospitalisation and Relevance of Viral Infections
Brief Summary: People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) often have periods during the year when their symptoms become worse. These are often due to an infection and are called "exacerbations" by doctors. Exacerbations are more common in the winter and also seem to be related to particular types of weather. As well as forecasting the weather the UK Met Office has developed a system to try to predict when exacerbations are likely to occur. The main purpose of this research study is to find out whether the Met Office forecasting service can predict when exacerbations are more likely to occur and whether the advice given during the predicted higher risk periods leads to fewer patients having an exacerbation or if it reduces the impact of the exacerbation. The study will also assess if there is a link between viral or bacterial infection and breathing problems that occur during the study period. The study will also collect information about possible causes of the breathing problems and what happens to the person afterwards. The results of this study will help us learn more about breathing problems which may lead to new research studies that would aim to improve the care of people with COPD.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Implanted within the last 45 days or being considered for implant with a BIOTRONIK ICD with Home Monitoring (HM)/Intracardiac Electrogram (IEGM)-Online technology, or legally marketed future generation device with HM/IEGM Online.
* Able to utilize the HM system throughout the study
* Ability to give informed consent
* Geographically stable and able to return for regular follow-ups for fifteen (15) months
* At least 18 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who do not fulfill all inclusion criteria
* Pacemaker dependent
* Currently enrolled in any other cardiac clinical investigation
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Treated or untreated uncontrolled essential arterial hypertension (office systolic blood pressure \>140 or diastolic \>90 mmHg + day-time systolic blood pressure \>135 or day-time diastolic blood pressure \>85 mmHg)
* Metabolic syndrome (ATP III criteria)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Secondary arterial hypertension
* Severe liver or kidney disease
* Immunological disease
* Cardiac arrhythmias
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and/or diabetes mellitus, all of which are treated with medication, measured in the clinic, or confirmed by primary care provider (systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 140 mm Hg, diastolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 90 mm Hg, low density lipoprotein cholesterol \[LDL-C\] greater than or equal to 130 mg/dL, or fasting blood sugar greater than 125 mg/dL)
* BMI of at least 30 to 50 kg/m2 and weight less than or equal to 400 lbs
* Willing to change diet, physical activity, and weight
* Willing to be randomly assigned to any of the study groups
* Patient of a participating doctor
* Patient self-reports two doctor visits in the 12 months before study entry
* Demonstrated use of Web and e-mail
* Access to Internet at least 4 days per week
* People with the following conditions are eligible to enroll in the study with primary care provider approval:

  1. Diabetes mellitus
  2. Prior cardiovascular disease event more than 6 months before study entry
  3. Known stable cardiovascular disease or peripheral vascular disease
  4. Screen positive on Rose Questionnaire

Exclusion Criteria:

* Heart attack, stroke, or atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) procedure in the 6 months before study entry
* Serious medical condition that is likely to hinder accurate measurement of weight, for which weight loss is not advisable, or that would cause weight loss \[e.g., end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on dialysis, cancer diagnosis or treatment in the 2 years before study entry\]
* Prior or planned bariatric surgery
* Use of prescription weight loss medication, including off-label drugs (e.g., topiramate, bupropion, byetta) or over-the-counter orlistat in the 6 months before study entry
* Long-term use (in the 6 months before study entry) of medications likely to cause weight gain or prevent weight loss (e.g., corticosteroids, lithium, olanzapine, risperidone, clozapine)
* Unintentional weight loss in the 6 months before study entry (greater than or equal to 5% of body weight)
* Intentional weight loss in the 6 months before study entry (greater than or equal to 5% of body weight)
* Pregnant or breastfeeding in the 6 months before study entry
* Planning to become pregnant in the 2 years after study entry
* Planning to relocate from area in the 2 years after study entry
* Another member of the household is a study participant or study staff member
* Self-reported average consumption of more than 14 alcoholic drinks each week
* Psychiatric hospitalization in the 1 year before study entry
* Unstable angina
* Blood pressure greater than 160/100 mm Hg
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Current or former smokers with a diagnosis of COPD
* Having impaired lung function as measured by spirometry

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of asthma or nasal symptoms caused by hayfever
* No telephone
* Inability to record symptoms in an electronic diary (PDA)

Answer: D