Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Self-Efficacy and High-Intensity Strength Training to Improve Postoperative Rehabilitation of Hip Fracture Patients
Brief Summary: This project will assess the effectiveness of a novel approach involving patient education and strength training to improve functional recovery after a hip fracture. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of two study groups. One group (control group) will receive standard medical care. The other group will participate in a program of patient education and strength training, including an at-home walking program.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

• Eligible patients will be admitted acutely for a femoral neck fracture, a trochanteric or a subtrochanteric femoral fracture.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Hip fracture as part of multi-trauma or high energy trauma (defined as a fall from a higher level than 1 metre). One recent fracture in addition to the hip fracture (e.g. radius or shoulder) is acceptable.
* Regarded as moribund at admittance.
* Absence of a valid informed consent or assent.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients who are 65 years of age and older, and who have been admitted for a hip fracture to the Fracture Service at New York Presbyterian Hospital.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who are unable to give informed consent on the 4th or 5th day after surgery.
* Patients whose hip fracture is due to underlying disease, secondary to malignancy (cancer).
* Patients who do not speak English.
* Patients for whom exercise is contraindicated or whose physicians believe that exercise is contraindicated.
* Patients who do not have access to a telephone or cannot be reached by telephone.
* Patients and physicians who refuse to participate or who intend to relocate upon discharge.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with an acute low-energy hip fracture (intracapsular, trochanteric or subtrochanteric) and treated surgically, ≥ 65 years of age, living in their own homes prior to the fracture, and able to give an informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients unable to walk 10 meters with or without a walking aid prior to the fracture, have a score of less than 15 points on Minimal Mental Status Evaluation (MMS-E) in the acute phase, have a pathological fracture, life expectancies of less than three months, medical contraindications for training, or are incapable of understanding and speaking the Norwegian language.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Admitted to Barnes Extended Care nursing home
* Acute disablement
* (criterion dropped) Clinically depressive symptoms, including a score of 15 or greater on the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and depressed mood or anhedonia present more days than not since the fracture

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable to provide informed consent due to dementia and severe persistent delirium
* Inability to cooperate with the protocol
* Cardiac or other medical instability that would preclude carrying out high intensity exercises
* Language, visual, or hearing barriers to participation
* Presence of pelvic fractures that do not involve the proximal femur
* Presence of metastatic cancer, including cancer that causes a pathological fracture
* Bilateral acute hip fractures
* Lifetime psychosis or mania
* Alcohol or substance dependence within 6 months, or current (prior to hip fracture) alcohol or substance abuse

Answer: B