Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Comparison Between High-flow Conditioned Oxygen Therapy and Non-invasive Ventilation in Prevention of Post-extubation Respiratory Failure. A Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The main aim is to demonstrate whether the high flow conditioned oxygen therapy reduces the reintubation rate. Post-extubation respiratory failure risk will be stratified (as the randomization). In high risk patients high flow conditioned oxygen therapy will be compared with with not conditioned non-invasive mechanical ventilation. In low risk patients comparison will be conventional oxygen therapy. Hypercapnic patients will be excluded.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Low Risk Patients:
* Any extubated patients after tolerating a spontaneous breathing trial.
* High Risk Patients:
* Any extubated patients after \>48 hours under mechanical ventilation and any of the following:
* \>65 years

  * cardiac failure as the primary indication of mechanical ventilation
  * COPD
  * APACHE II \>12 points the extubation day
  * BMI \>30
  * inability to manage respiratory secretions

    * 1 failed spontaneous breathing trial
    * 1 comorbidity
    * 7 days under mechanical ventilation

Exclusion Criteria:

* \<18 years
* thacheotomized patients
* recent facial or cervical trauma/surgery
* active gastro-intestinal bleeding
* lack of cooperation and patients with any failed spontaneous breathing trial because of hypercapnia development.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Duration of mechanical ventilation prior to extubation at least 24h
* Planned extubation decided by the physician in charge of the patient after success of a weaning trial
* Patients at high risk of reintubation according to the following criteria: patients older than 65 years, or those having any underlying chronic cardiac or lung disease.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient admitted for traumatic brain injury
* Periphal neuromuscular disease as reason for intubation
* Usual lon-term treatment with NIV for chronic desease
* Usual lon-term treatment with CPAP for obstructive apneas syndrome
* Contraindication to NIV
* Unplanned extubation
* Do-not-reintubated order at time of extubation
* Terminal extubation for end of life
* People under legal protection
* Opposition to participate
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients mechanically ventilated for \> 48 hours and at least one of the following:
* \>65 years
* cardiac failure as the primary indication of mechanical ventilation
* Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
* Severity score (APACHE II \>12 points) the extubation day
* Body Mass Index \>30
* inability to manage respiratory secretions
* 1 failed spontaneous breathing trial
* 1 comorbidity
* 7 days under mechanical ventilation

Exclusion Criteria:

* \<18 years
* tracheotomized patients
* recent facial or cervical trauma/surgery
* active gastro-intestinal bleeding
* lack of cooperation
* patients with any failed spontaneous breathing trial because of hypercapnia development.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* planned pulmonary lobectomy for lung cancer

Exclusion Criteria:

* age \<18 years
* patient refusal
* body mass index ≥35 kg/m2
* sleep apnea syndrome
* tracheostomy
* home oxygen therapy
* pregnancy

Answer: A