Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Informing Decisions in Chronic Critical Illness: A Randomized Control Trial (RCT)
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to test a communication intervention to support family decision-making for patients with chronic critical illness.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Mechanically ventilated ≥ 7 days
* Mechanically ventilated without \> 96 hour interruption
* Age ≥ 21 years
* ICU MD does not expect patient will die within 72 hours
* ICU MD does not expect patient will be liberated from the ventilator within 72 hours.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous admission to study ICU this hospitalization Mechanically ventilated at outside hospital for \> 7 days before transfer
* Chronic Neuromuscular (NM) Disease
* Trauma
* Burn
* Previous palliative care consultation in this hospitalization
* No family or other surrogate decision-maker
* Family not available
* Surrogate lacks English proficiency
* Physician refused permission for research staff to approach the family
B: Inclusion Criteria for Patients

* Male or female 70 years of age or older
* Diagnosis of an advanced solid tumor malignancy (advanced cancer) or lymphoma. In most situations, this would be a stage IV cancer. A patient with a diagnosis of stage III cancer or lymphoma is eligible if cure is not possible or anticipated. Clinical staging without pathological confirmation of advanced disease is allowed.
* Must be considering or currently receiving any kind of cancer treatment (any line), including but not limited to hormonal treatment, chemotherapy, monoclonal antibody therapy, or targeted therapy. Patients who are considering therapy are eligible even if they ultimately choose not to be on therapy. Patients with a history of any previous cancer treatment, including radiation and/or surgery are eligible. A patient may also be enrolled on a treatment trial and participate in this study, if all other inclusion and exclusion criteria are met.
* Have at least one geriatric assessment domain meet the cut-off score for impairment other than polypharmacy.
* Have visits planned with the oncology physician for at least 3 months and be willing to come in for study visits.
* Able to provide informed consent or, if the oncology physician determines the patient to not have decision-making capacity, a patient-designated health care proxy (per institutional policies) must sign consent by the baseline visit.
* Subject has adequate understanding of the English language because not all GA measures have been validated in other languages.

Exclusion Criteria for Patients

* Have surgery planned within 3 months of consent. Patients who have previously received surgery are eligible.
* Have already made a decision to not undergo any cancer treatment (e.g., being followed in best supportive care or hospice).

Inclusion Criteria for Caregivers

* Selected by the patient when asked if there is a "family member, partner, friend or caregiver \[age 21 or older\] with whom you discuss or who can be helpful in health-related matters;" patients who cannot identify such a person ("caregiver") can be eligible for the study. A caregiver need not be someone who lives with the patient or provides direct hands-on care. A caregiver can be any person who provides support (in any way) to the patient.
* If a health care proxy signs consent for or with a patient, and wants to participate in the caregiver portion of the study, this same person will always be the caregiver selected. If a health care proxy does not want to enroll as a caregiver in the study or, if enrolled, chooses to stop their own participation in the caregiver portion of the study, but is able to assist the patient in completing the study, the patient can still participate. In other words, the health care proxy can choose NOT to participate in the caregiver portion of the study. This does not preclude the patient from participating in the patient portion of the study with the health care proxy's assistance.

Exclusion Criteria for Caregivers

-Caregivers unable to understand the consent form due to cognitive, health, or sensory impairment will be excluded.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children \>=2-years old with at least a 2-week history of progressive, recurrent, or non-responsive cancer of any type or decision not to pursue cancer directed therapy.
* Child's parent must have spoken and written command of English or Spanish.
* Child's parent must have the ability to understand and complete self-administered surveys.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who have an isolated relapsed solid tumor treated with surgery or radiation alone.
* Patients with hematological malignancies who have achieved remission after the first induction attempt, whose treatment plan includes their first Stem Cell Transplant (SCT), and have an identified donor (must meet all 3 criteria to be excluded).
* Patients who are not regular patients at one of the two participating institutions.
* Foster parents who do not have legal guardianship.
D: Inclusion Criteria

* Symptomatic Heart Failure (NYHA II-IV)
* Hospitalized or recently for acute decompensation with at least one of the following high-risk features

  * Prior hospitalization for Heart Failure (HF) within 1 year
  * Age \> 80 years
  * Chronic Kidney Disease (estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) \< 45 mL/min/m2)
  * Systolic Blood Pressure \< 100 mm Hg
  * Serum sodium \< 130 meq/L
  * Cardiogenic Shock (Cardiac Index \< 2.0)
  * Serious Non-Cardiovascular Illness (e.g. advanced stage cancer, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) , or the like.
* Ability to Provide Informed Consent
* Permission of attending physician

Exclusion Criteria

* Anticipated major cardiac surgery, including Ventricular Assist Device (VAD) or transplant, within 3 months of enrollment
* Already enrolled in hospice or receiving outpatient palliative care

Answer: A