Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Safety, Effectiveness, and Cost-effectiveness of an Herbal Medicine, Gongjin-dan, in Subjects With Chronic Dizziness: a Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Clinical Trial
Brief Summary: This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, clinical trial to explore the effectiveness of an herbal medication, Gongjin-dan (GJD) for chronic dizziness (Ménière disease, psychogenic dizziness, or dizziness of unknown cause), identified as liver-deficiency pattern/syndrome, and assessed with Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) ≥ 24 at baseline. Participants will be randomized and allocated to either GJD or placebo group with 1:1 ratio and orally administered GJD or placebo pills once a day for 8 weeks. For collecting data for cost-effectiveness analysis, the participants will be followed up to 12 months from randomization.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient Acceptance
* 65 years old or older
* Peripheral vestibular dysfunction, stable (ie no inflammatory processes ie neuronitis vestibulitis and/or fluctuations symptoms ie Meniere)
* Central vestibular dysfunction without other co-morbidities (eg. Parkinson's, Stroke)
* Mixed peripheral and central vestibular dysfunction without other co-morbidity

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lack of vision
* If exercise therapy is contraindicated
* Significant cardiac problems
* Taking medicine with risk of vestibular side effects (benzodiazepines, sedatives)
* Dementia (MMSE test \<27 or an anamnesis suggesting dementia)
* Stroke within the past 6 months
* Other cognitive dysfunction
* Operation of hip fractures within the last 3 months
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* SVD diagnosis
* Clinically relevant SVD (VHQ sum score \> 45)
* Informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Insufficient German language ability
* Insufficient cognitive abilities (Mini Mental State Test (MMST) ≤ 27)
* Severe and chronic comorbid somatic or mental disease (e.g., suicidality, severe depression, drug addiction)
* Current psychotherapeutic treatment
* Living \> 50 km away from Munich
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age between 20 and 79 years, of either sex
2. Dizziness originating from Ménière disease, psychogenic cause, or unknown cause
3. Recurring symptom of dizziness for more than 1 month
4. Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) score ≥ 24 at baseline
5. Liver-deficiency pattern/syndrome identified by Traditional Korean Medicine doctors
6. Willingness to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Dizziness attributable to vestibular disorders (e.g., benign paroxysmal positional vertigo, peripheral vestibulopathy, labyrinthitis, vestibular neuronitis, and others)
2. Dizziness attributable to central nervous system (CNS) disorders (e.g., cerebellar ataxia, stroke, demyelination, vertebrobasilar insufficiency, seizure, increased intracranial pressure, Parkinson's disease, migraines, and others)
3. Cervicogenic dizziness
4. Dizziness attributable to cardiovascular disorders (e.g., arrhythmia, heart valvular disease, anemia, orthostatic hypotension, coronary artery disease, and others)
5. Any active or uncontrolled disease that might cause dizziness (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, hypertension, respiratory or endocrinological disorders, and others)
6. Dizziness attributable to medication side effects
7. Severe chronic or terminal diseases (malignant cancer, tuberculosis, and others)
8. Intake of other antivertiginous drugs that cannot be discontinued
9. Following physiotherapy, manual therapy (e.g., vestibular rehabilitation), and/or cognitive behavioral therapy for the treatment of dizziness
10. Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), or creatinine \> 3 × upper limit of normal range at baseline
11. Women of (suspected) pregnancy or breast-feeding
12. Allergic reactions to the study medications
13. Suspicion of alcohol and/or drug abuse
14. Enrollment in another clinical study presently or within 30 days prior to the initial administration of the study medications
15. Difficulty in reliably communicating with the investigators or likelihood of inability to follow instructions
16. Other reason for ineligibility of participation
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* The dizziness is provoked or aggravated by head movements, more than 3 months duration og symptoms, the dizziness started acute, understand Norwegian

Exclusion Criteria:

* Dizziness no longer a problem, other known reasons, than vestibular, for the dizziness (neurological, psychological, or cancer), fluctuating vestibular disease (e.g, ménières disease), scheduled for treatment of/ have had treatment for benign paroxysmal positional vertigo within one month,conditions where fast head movements are contraindicated (e.g. osteoporosis of the neck, whiplash associated injuries), participated in group therapy for dizziness within the past year, unable to attend test and treatment locations

Answer: C