Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Testing the Effect of Mobile Conditional Cash Transfers (mCCTs) of Different Schedules and Amounts on Routine Childhood Immunization Coverage and Timeliness in Pakistan: A Randomized Control Trial.
Brief Summary: Like many developing countries, Pakistan faces a public health challenge of low and incomplete immunization rates of children, only 54% of children aged 12 to 24 months are fully immunized, which leaves children susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is a low-cost and effective health intervention, but the uptake is low, delayed, and completion rates are poor.

Door-to-door campaigns can increase coverage, but are extremely expensive. Incentive-based approaches have been rigorously demonstrated to effectively increase take-up and completion rates of immunization, and there is substantial evidence that small incentives can have a large impact on the take up of preventative health behavior in general. There are two major constraints to scaling these findings, however.

This study will attempt to find the most effective incentive design that helps increase the coverage of full immunization rates among children between the ages of 0 - 24 months in the city of Karachi, Pakistan. The study proposes to conduct a randomized control trial involving small conditional cash transfers (mCCTs) to determine the optimal CCT amount (high versus low), schedule (flat versus increasing) and design (lottery versus sure payment) that would lead to the highest increase in immunization rates. Interactive Research and Development's digital immunization registry will be used to enrol and randomize the study participants and generate CCTs disbursed through a mobile money transfer platform and mobile top - ups . The three year study will be conducted in Karachi, Pakistan enrolling a sample of 11,200 children, 0-2 years of age.

The study aims to provide evidence regarding the most cost-effective way to structure incentives in terms of size, schedule, and design; and address the challenge of delivering small incentives in a way that is inexpensive, logistically simple, and not subject to leakage.


Options:
A: Arm Label: SmartMoms-Clinic; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: SmartMoms | Arm Label: SmartMoms-Phone; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: SmartMoms | Arm Label: Physician Directed; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: SmartMoms; Assigned to Arm(s): SmartMoms-Clinic, SmartMoms-Phone
B: Arm Label: Kilkari; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Kilkari | Arm Label: Comparison; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Kilkari; Assigned to Arm(s): Kilkari
C: Arm Label: Low Flat Rate without Lottery; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Conditional Cash Transfer, Other: SMS Reminder | Arm Label: Low Flat Rate with Lottery; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Conditional Cash Transfer, Other: SMS Reminder | Arm Label: Low Sharp Rate without Lottery; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Conditional Cash Transfer, Other: SMS Reminder | Arm Label: Low Sharp Rate with Lottery; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Conditional Cash Transfer, Other: SMS Reminder | Arm Label: High Flat Rate without Lottery; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Conditional Cash Transfer, Other: SMS Reminder | Arm Label: High Flat Rate with Lottery; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Conditional Cash Transfer, Other: SMS Reminder | Arm Label: High Sharp Rate without Lottery; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Conditional Cash Transfer, Other: SMS Reminder | Arm Label: High Sharp Rate with Lottery; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Conditional Cash Transfer, Other: SMS Reminder | Arm Label: Easypaisa Flat Rate without Lottery; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Conditional Cash Transfer, Other: SMS Reminder | Arm Label: Easypaisa Flat Rate with Lottery; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Conditional Cash Transfer, Other: SMS Reminder | Arm Label: SMS Reminder Only; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: SMS Reminder | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Conditional Cash Transfer; Assigned to Arm(s): Easypaisa Flat Rate with Lottery, Easypaisa Flat Rate without Lottery, High Flat Rate with Lottery, High Flat Rate without Lottery, High Sharp Rate with Lottery, High Sharp Rate without Lottery, Low Flat Rate with Lottery, Low Flat Rate without Lottery, Low Sharp Rate with Lottery, Low Sharp Rate without Lottery | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: SMS Reminder; Assigned to Arm(s): Easypaisa Flat Rate with Lottery, Easypaisa Flat Rate without Lottery, High Flat Rate with Lottery, High Flat Rate without Lottery, High Sharp Rate with Lottery, High Sharp Rate without Lottery, Low Flat Rate with Lottery, Low Flat Rate without Lottery, Low Sharp Rate with Lottery, Low Sharp Rate without Lottery, SMS Reminder Only
D: Arm Label: Control Arm; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Standard of Care Treatment | Arm Label: Mobile Health Messaging Arm; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Mobile Health Messaging application, Other: Standard of Care Treatment | Arm Label: Focus Group Arm; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Mobile Health Messaging application; Assigned to Arm(s): Mobile Health Messaging Arm | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Standard of Care Treatment; Assigned to Arm(s): Control Arm, Mobile Health Messaging Arm

Answer: C