Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Title: The Impact of Immunostimulating Nutrition on Infectious Complications After Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery - A Prospective, Randomized, Clinical Trial.
Brief Summary: The aim of the study was to assess the clinical effect of immunostimulatory enteral and parenteral nutrition in patients undergoing resection for gastrointestinal cancer. 205 subjects were randomly assigned into four study groups, standard and immunostimulating, enteral and parenteral. The study was designed to test the hypothesis that immunonutrition and enteral nutrition would reduce the incidence of infectious complications following upper gastrointestinal surgery.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Acutely admitted to the ICU
* Expected length of stay in ICU \> 3 days
* Mechanically ventilated, which enables indirect calorimetry
* Have central venous catheter wherein TPN can be administered
* Written proxy consent obtained (proxy consent defined as consent from two doctors, who are independent of the trial)
* Must be able to understand Danish

Exclusion Criteria:

* Contraindications to use enteral nutrition
* Contraindications to use parenteral nutrition, eg. hypersensitivity towards fish-, egg or peanut protein, or any of the active substances in the PN products
* Receiving a special diet
* Burns \> 10% total body surface area
* Severe hepatic failure (Child-Pugh class C) or severe hepatic dysfunction: Bilirubin ≥ 50 µmol/l (3 mg/dl) + alanine aminotransferase ≥ 3 times upper reference value
* Traumatic brain injury
* Diabetic ketoacidosis
* Hyperosmolar non-ketotic acidosis
* Known or suspected hyperlipidemia
* BMI below 17 or severe malnutrition
* Pregnancy
* The clinician finds that the patient is too deranged (circulation, respiration, electrolytes etc.) or that death is imminent
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* resectable gastric or pancreatic cancer
* age between 18 and 80 years,
* Karnofsky performance status score of 80 or more,
* adequate organ function

Exclusion Criteria:

* unresectable gastric or pancreatic cancer
* patients requiring preoperative nutritional support,
* disseminated tumors,
* serious comorbidities (American Society of Anesthesiologists risk class of 4 or 5),
* renal or liver failure were excluded
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Treatment with invasive mechanical ventilation
* Feeding via nasogastric tube within 36 hours after the initiation of endotracheal mechanical ventilation.
* Age over 18 years
* Informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Mechanical ventilation started more than 36 hours before institution of enteral feeding
* Patients turned in the prone position at inclusion
* Abdominal surgery within 1 month before inclusion
* History of esophageal or gastric surgery
* EN via a gastrostomy or a jejunostomy
* Bleeding from esophagus, stomach or bowel
* Moribund patient
* Age less than 18 years
* Pregnancy.
* No informed consent.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Expected ICU stay \> 5 days
* Expected survival \> 7 days
* No contraindication to EN
* Obtained informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Refusal of consent
* Age \< 18 years
* Short bowel syndrome
* Significant persistent gastrointestinal dysfunction with ileus
* High output proximal fistula (\> 1.5 liter/d)
* Patients receiving PN

Answer: B