Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effect of Text Message Reminders on Contraceptive Continuation, a Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Teen girls and young women taking birth control pills may forget to take their pills or may stop taking them altogether. This places them at risk for unintended pregnancies. Most young women own cell phones and use them for text messaging. We will test whether contraceptive continuation is affected after six months of daily text message reminders.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Healthy females

* 17(in states where the legal age of consent to receive contraceptives is 17)-40 years
* Regular, consistent menstrual cycles between 25 and 35 days
* Sexually active women requesting birth control
* In good general health, confirmed by medical history, physical (including gynecologic) examination and screening laboratory values

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known or suspected pregnancy;
* Lactating women
* Significant skin reaction to transdermal preparations or sensitivity to surgical / medical tape
* Any disease that may worsen under hormonal treatment (cardiovascular, liver, metabolic)
* Use of other contraceptive methods than study medication
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Signed and dated the informed consent
* Healthy female subjects in need of contraception
* Age: between 18 and 35 years (inclusive) at Screening visit
* Normal or clinically insignificant cervical smear not requiring further follow up (a cervical smear has to be taken at screening visit or a normal result has to be documented within the previous six months). HPV testing in subjects with ASCUS can be used as an adjunctive test. Subjects with ASCUS can be included if they are negative for high-risk HPV strains.
* History of regular cyclic menstrual periods as determined by subject's history, subject has regular menstrual cycles (length of cycle 21 - 35 days). (Subject's history while not using hormonal contraceptives is sufficient, no washout period is required).
* Subject is willing and able to attend the scheduled study visits and to comply with the study procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy or currently lactating
* Vaginal delivery, cesarean delivery or abortion within 6 weeks prior to Screening visit. Note: Postpartum LCS12 insertions should be postponed until uterus is fully involuted, however not earlier than 6 weeks after delivery. If involution is substantially delayed, consider waiting until 12 weeks postpartum.
* Infected abortion or postpartum endometritis within 3 months prior to the Screening visit.
* Undiagnosed abnormal genital bleeding.
* Acute lower genital tract infection (until successfully treated)
* Acute or history of recurrent, pelvic inflammatory disease.
* Congenital or acquired uterine anomaly or any distortion of the uterine cavity (e.g. by fibroids) that, in the opinion of the investigator or designee, would cause problems during insertion, retention, or removal of LCS12. (Note: a pre-insertion ultrasound is not necessary. However, if based on subject history or physical exam findings, there is a suspicion of uterine anomaly or any distortion of the uterine cavity, appropriate diagnostic measures should be taken prior to randomization)
* History of, diagnosed or suspected genital malignancy, and untreated cervical dysplasia.
* Clinically significant endometrial polyp(s) that, in the opinion of the investigator or designee, may interfere with the assessment of the bleeding profile during the study. (Note: a pre-insertion ultrasound is not necessary. However, if based on subject history or physical exam findings, there is a suspicion of polyps, appropriate diagnostic measures should be taken prior to randomization.)
* Has previously failed screening for this study
* Any disease or condition that may worsen under hormonal treatment according to the assessment and opinion of the investigator. The following are examples of such conditions or diseases:

  * Cardiovascular
  * Presence or a history of venous or arterial thrombotic/thromboembolic events (e.g., deep venous thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, myocardial infarction) or of a cerebrovascular accident, including prodromi (e.g. transient ischemic attack, angina pectoris)
  * Repeated measurements of systolic blood pressure \> 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure \> 90 mmHg.

Liver

* Presence or history of liver tumors (benign or malignant)
* Presence or history of severe hepatic disease as long as liver function values have not returned to normal
* Jaundice and/or pruritus related to cholestasis (Gilbert's syndrome excepted)
* History of cholestatic jaundice associated with pregnancy or previous COC use

  - Other diseases:
* Malignant or premalignant disease (excluding melanoma)
* History of migraine with focal neurologic symptoms

  * Any diseases or conditions that might interfere with the conduct of the study or the interpretation of the results
  * Clinically significant ovarian cyst (defined as abnormal non-functional cysts) (Note: a pre-insertion ultrasound is not necessary. However, if based on subject history or physical exam findings, there is a suspicion of a clinically significant cyst, appropriate diagnostic measures should be taken prior to randomization.)
  * Any diseases or conditions that can compromise the function of the body systems and could result in altered absorption, excessive accumulation, impaired metabolism or altered excretion of the study medication
  * Other contraceptive methods:
* Sterilization
* Use of any long-acting injectable sex-hormone preparations within 10 months prior to the Randomization visit. The use of non study oral, vaginal, or transdermal hormonal contraception, intrauterine devices (IUDs) with or without hormonal release, and implants is prohibited during treatment.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* aged \<25 years requesting OC as their primary method of contraception
* currently sexually active or anticipating sexual activity within the next 30 days
* owns cell phone with text messaging capability

Exclusion Criteria:

* contraindications to combined hormonal contraception per clinic protocol (e.g., hypertension)
* previous participation in this study
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* over 18
* student enrolled in college or graduate program
* Not have used the contraceptive patch or oral contraceptives within the last month
* Never have used a contraceptive vaginal ring
* Interested in using hormonal contraceptives, specifically NuvaRing and oral contraceptive pills for next 3 months
* In general good health
* Premenopausal with the ability to menstruate

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known or suspected pregnancy
* Pregnancy within 2 months of trial medication
* Past use of any contraceptive vaginal ring
* Hypersensitivity or allergy to NuvaRing or Oral Contraceptives
* Use of investigational drug within 2 months of start of trial medication
* Use of the contraceptive patch or oral contraceptives within past month
* Use of any injectable contraception within 6 months of trial medication
* Planning pregnancy in next 6 months

Answer: C