Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Integrating Mental Health Into a HIV Clinic to Improve Outcomes Among Tanzanian Youth
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate if a group-based mental health intervention called Sauti ya Vijana (The Voice of Youth) designed to address mental health challenges faced by adolescents in Tanzania is acceptable and feasible and if it improves mental health, antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence, and virologic outcomes among HIV-positive adolescents as compared to youth receiving treatment as usual. Mental health intervention sessions will take place three times a month for approximately four months in groups of eight to ten youth based on age and sex. Caregivers will attend two sessions to support the youth and provide the guardian perspective on caring for HIV-positive adolescents. The investigator hypothesizes the mental health intervention will be acceptable, feasible, and will improve mental health and ART adherence among participating youth and this improvement will be sustained over time.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Postpartum stage (for vaginal or for cesarean delivery)
* Mother of a healthy full term newborn.
* First-time mother.
* Self-declared support by her couple.
* Mother living in Bucaramanga metropolitan area

Exclusion Criteria:

* Multiple pregnancy.
* Mothers who cannot read or write.
* Diagnosis of postpartum depression, mental disorders, behavioral disorders.
* Mothers admitted to the intensive care unit after childbirth.
* Mothers with newborns hospitalized in the intensive care unit, intermediate care or minimal care.
B: Eligibility criteria:

For adolescent participants:

* Enrolled as a student in Grades 9-12 (corresponding to 13-20 years of age)
* Experiencing elevated mental health symptoms, based on response in the borderline or abnormal range (scores of 19 or higher for boys and 20 or higher for girls) on the self-reported SDQ Total Difficulties scale
* Experiencing significant distress and/or functional impairment, based on response in the abnormal range (scores of 2 or higher) on the self-reported SDQ Impact Supplement
* Experiencing difficulties for \>1 month, based on response to the self-reported Chronicity item from the SDQ Impact Supplement
* For adolescents under 18 years of age, able to provide informed assent to participate and supported by parental consent
* For adolescents over 18 years of age, able to provide informed consent to participate

For parent participants:

* A primary parental caregiver or guardian for the index adolescent
* Able to provide informed consent to participate, and if adolescent age 18+ years, parental involvement is supported by the index adolescent
* Proficient in spoken English or Hindi

Exclusion criteria:

For adolescent participants:

* Requiring urgent medical attention (defined as needing emergency treatment or in-patient admission)
* Unable to communicate clearly (due to a speech or hearing disability or inability to comprehend one of the program's languages)
* Already receiving intervention for mental health problems
* Received PRIDE intervention in past six months during pilot study
* Not providing assent
* Adolescent whose parents are not providing consent

For parent participants:

* Unable to communicate clearly (due to a speech or hearing disability or inability to comprehend one of the program's languages)
* Intoxicated at the point of consent or assessment
C: Inclusion Criteria (for caregivers/parents):

1. Age 18 or older;
2. Primary caregiver responsible for the care of a child between the ages of two and nine;
3. Report elevated levels of child behavior problems for the child that he/she chooses to be part of the study (based on the Child and Adolescent Disruptive Behavior Inventory, oppositional defiant disorder subscale (8 items); scores above the mean based on normative data
4. Have lived in the same household as this child at least four nights a week in the previous month and will continue to do so;
5. Agreement of being randomized to the different conditions in the study (PLH for Children program);
6. Provision of Informed consent to participate in the full study.

Exclusion Criteria (for caregivers/parents):

Exclusion criteria for adult parents or caregivers comprise:

* any adult 1) exhibiting severe mental health problems or acute mental disabilities;
* 2) that has been referred to child protection services due to child abuse.

Inclusion Criteria (for program facilitators):

1. Age 18 or older;
2. Participate in PLH facilitator training workshop;
3. Available to deliver the entire PLH 2-9 intervention
4. Provision of Informed Consent to participate in the full study

Inclusion Criteria (for program coaches)

1. Age 18 or older;
2. Previous participation in PLH facilitator training workshop;
3. Participate in PLH coach training workshop;
4. Available to deliver coaching sessions during delivery of the PLH 2-9 intervention
5. Provision of Informed Consent to participate in the full study
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Youth between the ages of 12 and 24 years of age, attending the Teen Club HIV clinic at Kilimanjaro Christian Medical Centre (KCMC) and/or Mawenzi Hospital and receiving ART
* if \> or =l to 18 years, able to understand the project and provide written, informed consent
* if \< 18 years, a parent or guardian must provide written permission and participant must be able to assent
* all adolescents must also commit to attending 10 weekly CBT (SYV) sessions and 2 individual sessions.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active psychosis, developmental delay, or cognitive disability that precludes active participation in consent process, intervention, and assessment interviews.

Answer: D