Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Bifocal Soft Contact Lenses - Do They Slow Progression of Myopia Relative to Single Vision Soft Contact Lenses in Children and Adolescents?
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether bifocal soft contact lenses are effective in controlling the progression of myopia in children and adolescents that exhibit a tendency to excessively cross their eyes while reading (esophoria or eso fixation disparity). Several studies have demonstrated that bifocal or progressive multifocal spectacles are effective in slowing the progression of myopia in children either with near point esophoria and/or with inadequate focusing at near. A prominent theory for one cause of myopia progression is that poorly focused images on the back of the eye (retina) cause the eye to lengthen, causing an increase in myopia. Bifocal contact lenses may reduce this retinal defocus, reducing the stimulus to eye elongation, and thus may reduce myopia progression.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age: 8 to 13 years
* Myopia: -1.00 to -5.00 D
* Myopia progression: at least 0.50 D/yr
* Astigmatism and anisometropia: not more than 1.50 D
* Distance monocular visual acuity: 6/6 or better
* Near monocular visual acuity: 0.4 M or better
* Stereoacuity: not more than 40 sec of arc at 40 cm

Exclusion Criteria:

* Strabismus
* Ocular diseases
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. The subject must be enrolled in the parent protocol for at least one year.
2. The subject's parent or legal guardian must read and sign the STATEMENT OF INFORMED CONSENT and the subject must read and sign the Child's Assent Form and be provided a copy of each form.
3. The subject must appear able and willing to adhere to the instructions set forth in this clinical protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Ocular or systemic allergies that may interfere with contact lens wear.
2. Systemic disease or autoimmune disease or use of medication (e.g. antihistamine), which may interfere with contact lens wear.
3. Clinically significant (grade 3 or 4) corneal edema, corneal vascularization, corneal staining or any other abnormality of the cornea, which may contraindicate contact lens wear.
4. Clinically significant (grade 3 or 4) tarsal abnormalities or bulbar injection that might interfere with contact lens wear.
5. Any ocular infection.
6. Any corneal distortion resulting from previous hard or rigid gas permeable contact lens wear.
7. Any infectious disease (e.g. hepatitis, tuberculosis) or an immunosuppressive disease (e.g. HIV)
8. Diabetes
9. Previous refractive surgery, orthokeratology, keratoconus, or other corneal irregularity in either eye. Rigid contact lens wearers cannot be enrolled in the study.
10. Strabismus.
11. Pupil or lid abnormality or infection in either eye
12. Central corneal scar in either eye
13. Aphakia in either eye
14. Contraindications to contact lens wear such as dry eye or history of prior unsuccessful contact lens wear.
15. History of participation in prior clinical trials aimed to control myopia progression, except for the parent trial
16. Surgically altered eyes, ocular infection of any type, ocular inflammation.
17. Anterior chamber angle grade 2 or narrower by Van Herrick method.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Written Informed Consent from parent and assent from child has been obtained
2. Children aged 6 to 12 years
3. Refractive error of spherical equivalent -2.00 D or worse in each eye as measured by cycloplegic autorefraction
4. Active myopia progression of at least spherical equivalent -0.50 D over the last 12 months as determined or suggested by refractive records or change in lens power
5. Astigmatism of less than or equal to -1.50 D as measured by cycloplegic or non-cycloplegic autorefraction
6. Distance vision correctable to logMAR 0.2 or better in both eyes
7. A difference between non-cycloplegic subjective spherical refraction and cycloplegic subjective spherical refraction of not greater than -1.00 D
8. Normal intraocular pressure of not greater than 21 mmHg
9. Normal ocular health other than myopia
10. In good general health with no history of cardiac or significant respiratory diseases
11. No asthma-requiring medications in the past one year
12. No allergy to atropine, cyclopentolate, proparacaine and benzalkonium chloride
13. Willing and able to comply with scheduled visits and other study procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Ocular or systemic diseases which may affect vision or refractive error
2. Any ocular condition wherein topical atropine is contraindicated
3. Defective binocular function or stereopsis
4. Amblyopia or manifest strabismus including intermittent tropia
5. Previous or current use of atropine or pirenzepine
6. Any other conditions precluding adherence to the protocol including unwillingness to refrain from contact lens wear for the duration of the study
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Myopia between -0.50 and -6.00
* Eso fixation disparity at 33cm with distance correction
* Astigmatism 1.00 or less
* Ability to wear soft contact lenses

Exclusion Criteria:

* Presence of ocular disease preventing wear of contacts
* Pregnancy or nursing
* Use of certain medications

Answer: D