Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Is Motivational Interviewing an Effective Intervention for Women Coping With Intimate Partner Violence
Brief Summary: This project is a randomized trial to determine if motivational interviewing (MI) is an effective intervention to help women in abusive intimate relationships. The study objective is to motivate abused women to identify and achieve their own specific goals that can help them address the violence in their lives. This project will be integrated into the setting of a busy family planning clinic in the mid-western United States, which serves a largely rural population. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is screened using the Women's Experience with Battering Scale (WEB), a modified Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS), and the Danger Assessment Screen (DAS). An expected 250 women who screen positive for IPV will be enrolled, randomized to the intervention or to usual care group, and complete the 6-month study protocol. All subjects complete a self-administered computer-based questionnaire at the initial and 6-month follow up visits to measure self-efficacy (primary outcome), stage of readiness to change, selected IPV-related health correlates (e.g., depression), and steps taken and resources used. The MI intervention is an "active listening" counseling technique aimed at guiding the patient towards identifying feasible, personalized goals and steps she can take to increase her self-efficacy and control in the relationship. The trained study interviewer will work with participants to identify steps they can safely take and local resources to help them meet their goals. The MI protocol consists of a face-to-face counseling session at baseline with follow-up telephone interviews conducted at 1-, 2-, and 4-months post-intervention to reinforce the intervention and assess the participants' level safety. The control group will receive usual care, which includes talking with a Level 3 Domestic Violence Advocate and receiving a comprehensive list of domestic violence resources. Effectiveness of the MI intervention will be determined by increased self-efficacy, measured by the Domestic Violence Coping and Self-Efficacy Scale, a validated tool for use among women with a recent history of domestic abuse; and by a reduction in depressive symptoms (CESD-10). The impact of the intervention will be assessed by an increase in participants' readiness-to-change, and extent of their involvement in a wide variety of self-help and coping activities over the follow-up period. If successful, this screening and intervention program will be translated to other clinical settings.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years of age or older
* Screens positive for IPV
* Literate in either English or Spanish

Exclusion Criteria:

* Less than 18 years of age
* pregnant at time of screening and consent
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women 31 weeks or less gestation, over age 18, with a history of intimate partner violence within the past 2 years, and who are willing to participate in the home visit program

Exclusion Criteria:

Age 17 or less. History of partner violence beyond 2 years. Not participating in home visit program. Does not speak English
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* female victims of partner violence
* at least one month out of the abusive relationship
* meet DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for PTSD and an alcohol use disorder
* literate in English
* have not changed psychotropic medications or dosages within the past two months and agree not to during the active phase (first 12 weeks) of the intervention
* have an identified primary care physician

Exclusion Criteria:

* moderate or severe cognitive impairment as measured by a Mini-Mental State Examination score less than or equal to 18
* Histories of psychosis or mania may be excluded because the presence of these disorders is thought to impede progress in psychotherapy
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* African American or Latina (by self report)
* At least 18 years of age
* English speaking
* Pregnant less than or equal to 28 weeks gestation
* Receiving prenatal care in the District of Columbia
* Had one or more of the following risk factors: active smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, depression and intimate partner violence

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-minority race (by self report)
* Younger than 18 years of age
* Non-English speaking
* Not pregnant or pregnant greater than 28 weeks gestation
* Receiving prenatal care outside the District of Columbia
* Responded negatively to questions about risk factors
* Suicidal ideation

Answer: A