Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled, Parallel-group, Open Label Trial Evaluating Benefits of Nasal High Flow Therapy (HFT) in Preoxygenation Before Tracheal Intubation in Acute Hypoxemic Respiratory Failure
Brief Summary: Oro-tracheal intubation in intensive unit care(ICU) in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure after crash induction remains a critical event.

The aim of this study is to determine whether Nasal High Flow Therapy (HFT) Optiflow ® is more efficient than the face mask for preoxygenation before orotracheal intubation after crash induction in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adult, \>18 years old
2. ENT-surgery where apnea is of benefit for the surgeon (eg. intraoral or laryngeal surgery) and the anesthesia time is \<40 mins.
3. Capable of understanding the study information and sign the written consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. ASA\>2
2. NYHA \>2
3. BMI \>30
4. Pregnancy
5. Manifest cardiac failure or coronary disease
6. Neuromuscular disease
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Signed informed consent.
* Undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia.
* Adult, \>18 years old.
* American Society of Anesthesiology classification I-II.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Coagulation disorders or a tendency of nose bleeding
* An episode/exacerbation of congestive heart failure (CHF) that requires a change in medication, diet or hospitalization from any cause in the last 6 months
* Severe aortic stenosis or mitral stenosis;
* Cardiac surgery involving thoracotomy (e.g., coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), valve replacement surgery) in the last 6 months;
* Acute myocardial infarction in the last 6 months;
* Acute arrhythmia (including both tachycardia and bradycardia) with hemodynamic instability;
* Diagnosed COPD or current other acute or chronic lung disease requiring supplemental chronic or intermittent oxygen therapy);
* Increased intracranial pressure;
* ASA \>II;
* Mouth, nose, or throat infection;
* Fever, defined as core body temperature \> 37.5°C;
* Pregnancy, breastfeeding or positive pregnancy test;
* Emergency procedure.
* Patient with known or suspected difficult airway
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults older than 18 years regardless of the gender
* Acute hypoxemic respiratory failure defined as :

Respiratory rate \> 30/mn AND Hypoxemia with SpO2 \<90% with oxygen supply \> FiO2 0,5 AND PaO2/FiO2 \<300 mmHg

Exclusion Criteria:

* Contraindication to oro-tracheal intubation
* Intubation without anesthetic delivery
* Intubation during cardiac arrest
* Asphyxia with immediate intubation needed
* Nasopharyngeal obstacle with contraindication to use Optiflow device
* Patients with a documented Cormack IV exposition before inclusion
* Protected adult
* Pregnancy
* Lack of consent
* Patient already enrolled in an other randomized study.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults older than 18 years regardless of the gender
* Requiring orotracheal intubation in intensive care unit
* "No severely hypoxemic respiratory failure" defined as Oxygen Pression (Pa02)/FI02 \> 200 mmHg measured in the 4 hours before inclusion

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not the first Intubation during this stay in intensive care unit
* Contraindication to oro-tracheal intubation
* Intubation without anaesthesic rapid sequence induction
* Intubation during cardiac arrest
* Real emergency (as asphyxia) with immediate intubation needed (without time enough for randomization)
* Nasopharyngeal obstacle with contraindication to use Optiflow device
* Patients with a documented Cormack IV exposition before inclusion
* Protected adult
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding
* Lack of consent
* Patient already enrolled in another study that could interfere with the primary objective of this study

Answer: C