Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effect of Vitamin D Administration to Premature Infants on Vitamin D Status and Respiratory Morbidity During the First Year of Life
Brief Summary: This trial objective is to assess whether doubling the daily intake of vitamin D improves serum vitamin D levels and serves as primary prevention of respiratory infections and asthma in premature infants.

This is a prospective randomized (1:1) double-blinded trial.

The study population will be randomized into two groups (1:1):

* Intervention Group - 800 IU of Vitamin D once daily
* Control Group - 400 IU of Vitamin D once daily Patients will be followed up for one year after randomization for serum Vitamin D levels and respiratory morbidity.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 1-5 years
* Physician-diagnosed asthma (as per the 2015 Canadian Position Paper on the diagnosis of preschool asthma)
* ≥1 asthma exacerbation requiring rescue oral corticosteroids (OCS) in the past 6 months or ≥2 in the past 12 months (as documented by pharmacy/medical records)
* ≥4 upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in the past 12 months (as per parental report)
* URTIs as the main asthma trigger (as per parental report)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Intake \> 400 IU/day of vitamin D3 supplements or fish oil in the past 3 months
* Intention to use \> 400 IU/day of vitamin D3 supplements or fish oil in the fall and winter
* Extreme prematurity (\< 28 week gestation)
* No vitamin D supplementation (if breast-fed in the last 6 months)
* Vitamin D restrictive diets, that is, minimal intake of vitamin D fortified milk (\<250 mL/day for 1-3 years or \<375 mL/day for 4-6 years AND no other (or \<200 IU/day) vitamin D supplement
* Recent immigrants from regions at high risk of rickets (in the past 12 months)
* Recent refugees (in the past 12 months)
* Undernourished children
* Other chronic respiratory disease (e.g. Cystic fibrosis, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia) or chronic kidney, gastrointestinal, endocrinological or cardiac diseases, or sickle cell anemia?
* History of bone disorder disease (e.g. rickets, osteomalacia)
* Intake of oral anti-epileptic, diuretic or anti-fungal medications
* Anticipated difficulty with follow-up or with adherence to the intervention or the procedures
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Preterm infant born at 32+6 to 36+6 weeks of gestational age
2. Born at Soroka University Medical Center
3. Signed informed consent
4. Participants in the trial will be insured by "Clalit" HMO

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Chromosomal abnormality
2. Neurological or muscular congenital anomalies
3. Congenital cardiac defect
4. Congenital respiratory anomalies
5. Congenital GIT/ liver/ renal anomalies that effect the absorption and/or metabolism of Vitamin D and/or other substances.
6. Admission after birth to NICU persists more than 5 days
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Eligible criteria included patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis by SCORAD (Scoring for Atopic Dermatitis) score criteria1,17,18, age between 1-18 years old. All patients had been advised to take normal, dietary product and their activities. They had been advised to discontinue at least 4 weeks of oral corticosteroid, at least 2 weeks of topical corticosteroid or topical calcineurin inhibitor application and at least 6 months of vitamin supplement prior to starting the protocol

Exclusion Criteria:

* The exclusion criteria were to coexisting skin infection on top with AD lesions, known case of primary or secondary immune-compromised host, hepatic or renal disease, those taking vitamin D or nutraceutical supplementation, those continues taking with antibiotics, corticosteroid, immunosuppressive agents, anti-epileptic drugs, thiazide diuretics, proton-pump inhibitors, histamine 2-receptor antagonists at the time of enrollment. Patients who used topical antiseptic or antibiotic products during study period were also excluded. Patients who developed worsening of AD with flare-up of clinical manifestation or SCORAD greater than 40, secondary infection on-top tested lesions were excluded from data analysis.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Born at term, as determined from last menstrual period
* Weighing \< 2.5 kg
* Resident within 12 km of the hospital and expected to continue living in the area for the following 6 months
* With no severe congenital abnormalities
* No morbidity severe enough to be expected to result in death before 7 days due to severe respiratory distress, shock, pulmonary sepsis, etc.
* Parental informed consent

Answer: B