Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Assessment of Effectiveness of Resistance Training Exercise Using the Swiss Ball in Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis
Brief Summary: The aim of the present study is to assess the effectiveness of resistance training with swiss ball in the treatment of patients with ankylosing spondylitis.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Include newly referred patients if:

* Onset of symptoms (back pain/arthritis/enthesitis) \< 45 years
* Undiagnosed disease with the following symptoms:

  * chronic back pain (duration of back pain more than 3 months)
  * and/or peripheral arthritis (asymmetric arthritis/predominantly of the lower limbs)
  * and/or enthesitis
  * and/or dactylitis

Exclusion Criteria:

* No symptoms such as specified in inclusion criteria: back pain, arthritis, enthesitis
* Definite diagnosis
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with established diagnosis of AS steinbrocker functional class I-II
* Basic medication stable for at least three months
* Agreed to participate and signed term of informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Uncontrolled hypertension
* Coronary artery disease
* History of revascularization
* History of syncope or arrhythmias induced by exercise
* Decompensated diabetes mellitus
* Severe psychiatric illness
* Fibromyalgia
* Another medical condition more disabling than AS
* History of exercise regular (at least 30 minutes 2 times per week)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis, confirmed by a rheumatologist
* Age, 18-70 years
* Not using TNF-α medication or steady medication for ≥3 months
* Disease activity ≥2.1 on ankylosing spondylitis disease activity score defined as high disease activity
* Not participated in a structured cardiorespiratory or muscle strengthening exercise program during the last year (\>60 min once per week), including large amounts of brisk walking (\>120 min per week)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known cardiovascular disease
* Severe comorbidity which involves reduced exercise capacity
* Not able to participate in weekly exercises sessions in Oslo
* Pregnancy
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Informed consent
* Age 65 years or older
* Underactive or sedentary based on the Telephone Assessment of Physical Activity
* Community dwelling with a caregiver willing to accompany the participant to visits to the screening evaluation. The caregiver must visit with the subject more than five times a week.
* Nondemented: Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) 0
* Adequate visual and auditory abilities to perform all aspects of the cognitive and functional assessments
* Stable doses of medications for at least 30 days prior to screening.
* Likely to participate in all scheduled evaluations and complete the exercise program over 52 weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* Dementia
* CDR \> 0
* Current clinically significant major psychiatric disorder (e.g., Major Depressive Disorder) according to Diagnostic Statistical Manual (DSM)-IV criteria or Geriatric Depression score of 5 or greater.
* Significant psychiatric symptoms (e.g., hallucinations) that could impair the completion of the study
* Current clinically-significant systemic illness likely to result in deterioration of the patient's condition or affect the patient's safety during the study
* History of clinically-evident stroke
* Clinically-significant infection within the last 30 days
* Myocardial infarction or symptoms of coronary artery disease (e.g., angina) in the last two-years.
* Uncontrolled hypertension within the last 6 months
* History of cancer within the last 5 years (except non-metastatic basal or squamous cell carcinoma)
* History of drug or alcohol abuse as defined by DSM-IV criteria within the last 2 years
* Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
* Significant pain or musculoskeletal disorder that would prohibit participation in an exercise program

Answer: B