Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Text Messaging Intervention to Improve ART Adherence Among HIV-positive Youth
Brief Summary: The purpose of the proposed study is to test SMS (short message service) text messaging technology to improve medication adherence among youth living with HIV (YLH). The proposed study is a randomized controlled trial of the effect of text message reminders on ART (anti-retroviral therapy) adherence among non-adherent YLH. Daily text message reminders will be sent to patients randomized to the intervention group according to their medication schedule, for 6 months. The investigators will enroll non-adherent YLH, ages 16-29. Half of the sample, randomized to the intervention, will receive daily SMS text message medication reminders and half will be randomized to the control condition and receive standard of care (SOC) only. For the controlled trial, adherence levels and viral load will be collected at baseline, 3-month and 6-month follow-up. In addition, at the end of the initial 6-month enrollment period, participants in the control condition will cross-over to the SMS intervention and participants in the intervention condition will cease to receive the SMS intervention. Adherence and viral load data will be collected from each group at 9- and 12-month follow-up points. The investigators hypothesize that youth in the intervention condition will demonstrate a clinically meaningful increase in adherence at 3 and 6 months post-baseline, from approximately 70% to 90% adherence to ART.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. pregnant,
2. smoke or quit in the past 2 weeks,
3. has a data plan or an unlimited text messaging plan on her cell in order to avoid charges for texts,
4. an English speaker.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. not pregnant
2. not currently smoking (or within past 2 weeks)
3. not able to receive text messages
4. not an English speaker
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant Woman
* Ages 18 and over
* Working cellular telephone with the ability to receive text messages
* Ability to speak or understand English

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age less than 18
* Inability to speak or understand English
* Not possessing a working cellular telephone with text messaging capability
* Presence of any contraindications to vaccination (such as egg allergy or prior adverse reaction to the vaccine)
* Women who have already received the vaccine during this influenza season
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Using oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) for less than 1 month, or plan to initiate OCP use at their current visit
* Be willing to use OCPs that are on formulary for the duration of the study
* Having a personal mobile phone with text messaging capabilities
* Proficiency in English or Spanish
* Agreeing to surveys regarding demographics, pill adherence behavior and its influences
* If younger than 18, must be accompanied by a parent or legal guardian who can provide informed consent for research participation

Exclusion Criteria:

* Electing OCPs solely for non-contraceptive benefits only
* Interest in pregnancy within the next 12 months
* Inability to give informed consent
* Planning to move from the local area before study completion, and is unable to return for follow-up and return the electronic pill bottle
* Planning travel outside the cell phone networks of United States or Canada
* Being in a situation where receiving text messages to take a birth control pill may endanger the safety of the subject
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed with HIV infection (perinatally, transfusion, or behaviorally acquired; documented by medical record review or verification from referring professional)
* Have cell phone access
* Report regular use of text messaging technology
* 16 to 29 years old
* English-speaking
* On an ART regimen for at least one month at the time of enrollment (i.e., not new to ART) with poor adherence to their antiretroviral regimen. For the purposes of this study, poor adherence will be defined at screening by one or more of the following: a) per the AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) screening questionnaire, participant reports missing at least one dose in the last week or b) reports missing more than 3 medication doses in the last month.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Do not report regular follow-up with their physician (at least every 3 months)
* Pregnant and on ART only due to pregnancy (i.e., will no longer be prescribed ART after delivery)
* Unable to provide assent or consent.

Answer: D