Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: To Compare the Efficacy of Tacrolimus and Mycophenolate Mofetil for the Initial Therapy of Active Lupus Nephritis
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is comparing the efficacy of tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil for the initial therapy of active lupus glomerulonephritis.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Written informed consent by subject or guardian
2. 18 to 65 years of age (inclusive 18 and 65), male or female
3. Diagnosis of SLE according to the American College of Rheumatology criteria (1997)
4. Diagnosis of Class Ⅲ,Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅲ+Ⅴand Ⅳ+ⅤLN according to the ISN/RPS 2003 classification by light, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy within 6 months before enrollment
5. Pathologic chronic index (CI) ≤3' without thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA)
6. SLE Disease Activity Index (DAI) \>10'
7. Proteinuria ≥1.5g/d，with or without active urinary sediment
8. Serum creatinine (Scr)≤3.0mg/dl (265.2 mol/L)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Previous treatment with MMF, CTX, tacrolimus, Cyclosporin A (CsA), large doses of immunoglobulin and methylprednisolone (MP), plasmapheresis or renal replacement therapy within the past 12 weeks. Oral glucocorticoids, azathioprine, intravenous MP (≤80mg/d)， short-time CsA (\<2 weeks) or leflunomide (\<4 weeks) are allowed
2. ALT or AST increase twice above the upper limit of the normal range
3. Hyperglycemia is defined as fasting blood glucose level ≥7.0 mmol/L and/or postprandial blood sugar level\>11.1 mmol/L
4. Known hypersensitivity or contraindication to any components of MMF, tacrolimus, CTX or glucocorticoids
5. History of present illness:

   1. active HBV infection (HBsAg, HBeAg and anti-HBc positive or HBsAg, anti- HBe and anti-HBc positive), HCV infection, pulmonary tuberculosis, cytomegalovirus(CMV) infection (defined as CMV-IgM positive or CMV-DNA positive), fungal infection or HIV infection, within 3 months before the enrollment
   2. non-healed active peptic ulcer within 3 months before the enrollment
   3. drug or drinking abuse
   4. malnutrition (BMI \<18.5kg/m2) or body weight \<50Kg
6. Other active diseases, such as:

   1. severe cardiovascular diseases
   2. chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)or asthma requiring oral glucocorticoids
   3. marrow depression not due to SLE activation: white blood cell count \<3000/mm3 or neutrophil count \<1300/mm3 or platelet count \<50000/mm3
7. Severe infection or need of antibiotic therapy
8. Female patients who are pregnant/breastfeeding or those patients (both gender) who refused contraception
9. Life-threatening complications such as large hydropericardium, pneumohemorrhagia, lupus encephalopathy and severe pulmonary hypertension or patients in need of MP pulse (\>0.5g/d ) treatment because of aggravation of SLE
10. Known to be non-compliance or violation of the protocol base on investigator's judgement
11. Patient who participate of any other investigational drug study.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* male or female patients, 12-75 years of age;
* diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematosus;
* kidney biopsy within 6 months of study, with histological diagnosis of lupus nephritis;
* laboratory evidence of active nephritis.

Exclusion Criteria:

* continuous dialysis starting \>2 weeks before randomization into induction phase, and/or with an anticipated duration of \>8 weeks;
* previous or planned kidney transplant;
* other clinically significant active medical conditions.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who fulfill at least 4 of the ACR criteria for SLE
2. Age \>= 18 years
3. Biopsy proven active lupus glomerulonephritis (ISN/RPS class III/IV/V)
4. Serum creatinine \< 200 umol/L at the time of randomization

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who refuse to be randomized for treatment
2. Patients who prefer treatment with conventional agents such as oral or intravenous CYC for various reasons
3. Serum creatinine \>= 200 umol/L at the time of randomization
4. Patients without renal biopsy or those who have lupus nephritis ISN/RPS class I,II,VI
5. Patients who are pregnant or plan for pregnancy within 12 months after randomization
D: Inclusion Criteria

* Diagnosed with SLE
* Historical evidence of SLE renal disease
* Elevated levels of dsDNA antibodies
* Weight of 40 kg or greater

Exclusion Criteria

* Active SLE renal disease
* Use of certain anti-inflammatory or cytotoxic therapies or therapeutic interventions during the months immediately before dosing
* Clinical laboratory test values outside of certain limits
* Malignant disease or immunodeficiency syndrome
* Acute or chronic infections
* History of serious heart disease

Answer: C