Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Personalized Text Messages to Improve ART Adherence in HIV+ Methamphetamine Users
Brief Summary: Methamphetamine (METH) is a debilitating and frequently abused substance that is often comorbid with HIV infection. HIV+ persons with current METH abuse or dependence (HIV+/METH+) have several characteristics, in addition to their substance use, that make them particularly susceptible to nonadherence to antiretroviral treatment (ART) including elevated rates of neurocognitive impairment, co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders, and unstable living situations. The investigators propose an intervention development study designed to address these potential mechanisms of nonadherence with the following Specific Aims: 1) To further develop and refine a personalized, automated, real-time, mobile phone, text messaging intervention (iTAB) designed to improve adherence to ART medications among HIV+/METH+ persons; 2) To evaluate the acceptability and effectiveness of a brief psychoeducation plus text messaging intervention (iTAB) as compared to psychoeducation alone (CTRL) for the improvement of objectively measured medication adherence among HIV+/METH+ persons; and 3) To examine predictors of within-person trajectories of nonadherence using the longitudinal data collected over the study. In order to realize these aims, the investigators will leverage the infrastructure of two unique UCSD resources increasing likelihood of study success, impact, and innovation: 1) the Translational Methamphetamine AIDS Research Center (TMARC), which is a NIDA-funded center that focuses on the combined effects of METH and HIV infection, and 2) the California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology (Calit2), which conducts research on state-of-the-art wireless means of health promotion. Initially, the investigators will refine the iTAB intervention to ensure that it is user-centered and tailored to the needs of HIV+/METH+ persons via focus groups and rapid prototyping. Once refined, the proposed iTAB intervention will use text messages that are automated, scalable, personalized, interactive, flexible, and motivating. The investigators will assess the acceptability and effectiveness of iTAB in improving objectively measured adherence (i.e., MEMS caps) over a 6-week period via a pilot RCT with 40 HIV+/METH+ assigned to the iTAB intervention and 20 HIV+/METH+ assigned to a psychoeducational control. Predictors of nonadherence including frequency of METH use, neuropsychological impairment, and mood will be examined to determine whether iTAB is better able to compensate for these factors associated with nonadherence as compared to CTRL. Further refinement to the iTAB intervention will be made in order to pursue a large-scale R01 using our tailored intervention.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Usual care / opportunistic screening; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Letter and informational sheet; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Letter and informational sheet | Arm Label: Email; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Email | Arm Label: Phone; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Phone | Arm Label: Multimodal; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Multimodal | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Letter and informational sheet; Assigned to Arm(s): Letter and informational sheet | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Email; Assigned to Arm(s): Email | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Phone; Assigned to Arm(s): Phone | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Multimodal; Assigned to Arm(s): Multimodal
B: Arm Label: Healthy Pregnancy: Step by Step; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Healthy Pregnancy: Step by Step | Arm Label: Usual Care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Healthy Pregnancy: Step by Step; Assigned to Arm(s): Healthy Pregnancy: Step by Step
C: Arm Label: Nutrition messages; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: SMS | Arm Label: General health messages; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: SMS | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: SMS; Assigned to Arm(s): General health messages, Nutrition messages
D: Arm Label: Personalized Reminder Texting (iTAB) + Psychoeducation; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: individualized Texting for Adherence Building (iTAB) | Arm Label: Psychoeducation (CTRL); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Psychoeducation | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: individualized Texting for Adherence Building (iTAB); Assigned to Arm(s): Personalized Reminder Texting (iTAB) + Psychoeducation | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Psychoeducation; Assigned to Arm(s): Psychoeducation (CTRL)

Answer: D