Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Intervention to Reduce Dietary Sodium in Hemodialysis
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to test, in a randomized clinical trial of 200 hemodialysis patients, a behavioral intervention to reduce dietary sodium intake. The investigators will assess the impact on weight gain between dialysis treatments, blood pressures, symptoms, and health-related quality of life. The primary study hypotheses are that participants will gain less weight in between dialysis treatments, and that dietary recalls will demonstrate reduced consumption of dietary sodium.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Individuals with end stage renal disease (ESRD) who are 18 years of age or older,
* Individuals who are literate,
* Community-dwelling adults who have been receiving maintenance dialysis for at least 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Individuals who cannot read or write,
* Individuals who do not speak English,
* Individuals who plan to move out of the area or change dialysis centers within the next 6 months,
* Individuals who have a life expectancy of less than 12 months,
* Individuals who are scheduled for a living donor transplant,
* Individuals who cannot see the PDA screen or use the stylus to make food selections from the PDA screen, or
* Individuals who live in an institutional setting in which they would have limited control over their dietary intake.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Disease history
* Prior stroke and/or
* Aged 60 years or over and with uncontrolled high blood pressure (systolic blood pressure \>=140 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) at visit if on blood pressure lowering medication; systolic blood pressure\>=160 millimeters of mercury (mmHg) if not on blood pressure lowering medication)
* Ownership of a phone by the participant or a household member

Exclusion Criteria:

* Participant or family member is using a potassium-sparing diuretic
* Participant or family member is using a potassium supplement
* Participant or family member has serious renal impairment
* Participant or family member has other reason for concern about use of salt substitute
* Participant eats most meals outside the home
* Participant is not expected to live longer than 6 months from the date of assessment as estimated by the village doctor
* Another family member living in the same household has already been included in the study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Men or women at least 21 years of age: The lower age limit was chosen based on the National Institutes of Health (NIH) definition of adults for participation in research
* Any race or ethnicity: The investigators expect to recruit 50-60% African American and 40-50% non-African American (White, Hispanic, and Asian Americans), with the vast majority of the latter being non-Hispanic Whites.
* eGFR \< 90 mL/min/1.73m2 but \> 30 mL/min/1.73m2. The upper limit for eGFR was chosen to include participants with a clinically significant decrease in renal function. The investigators chose an upper eGFR limit slightly higher than the Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) definition of moderately reduced glomerular filtration rate (GFR) to be more inclusive of patients with mild reduction in GFR but significant proteinuria. The lower eGFR limit was set to exclude patients with advanced CKD, where the potential effects of dietary sodium reduction on proteinuria may not be apparent or greatly alter CKD progression. The eGFR to define eligibility will be calculated using calibrated serum creatinine values and the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD-EPI) estimating equation.
* Albumin-to-creatinine ratio \> 30mg/g

Exclusion Criteria:

* Albuminuria ≥1.5 g/g or kidney structural change
* Prior kidney transplant based on self-report
* Immunosuppression or other immunotherapy within the past six months prior to enrollment based on patient self-report
* History of cancer other than non-melanoma skin cancer within two years prior to enrollment based on patient self-report
* History of polycystic kidney disease
* Currently receiving dialysis treatment
* History of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
* Current pregnancy, breastfeeding or plans to become pregnant during the study
* Consumption of ≥14 alcoholic drinks/week or consumption of ≥6 drinks/occasion
* Current participation in another lifestyle intervention trial
* Current residence or planned residence make it difficult to meet trial requirements
* Other concerns regarding ability to meet trial requirements, at the discretion of the principal investigator
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participant is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study.
* Male or Female, aged 18 years or above.
* Diagnosed with CKD and an eGFR ≥ 20 ml/min/1.73m2
* Participant has clinically acceptable laboratory data available to confirm the diagnosis.
* Able (in the opinion of the Investigators) and willing to comply with all study requirements.
* Willing to allow his or her General Practitioner and consultant, if appropriate, to be notified of participation in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Female participants who is pregnant, lactating or planning pregnancy during the course of the study.
* Any other significant disease or disorder which, in the opinion of the Investigator, may either put the participants at risk because of participation in the study, or may influence the result of the study, or the participant's ability to participate in the study.
* Inability to understand English or special communication needs because the interventions will use English and is not funded to deal with special communication needs.
* Known salt losing nephropathy

Answer: A