Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Ultrasound-guided Femoral Nerve Blocks in Elderly Patients With Hip Fractures: a Randomized Controlled Clinical Study
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine if ultrasound guided femoral nerve blocks (localized anesthesia in the upper thigh) provide effective pain relief in adult patients with hip fractures in the emergency department and to determine if femoral nerve blocks can then be used to reduce the use of injected analgesia (anesthesia), therefore also causing fewer adverse effects associated with injected analgesia (such as bruising at the site of injection).

100 patients with hip fractures will be enrolled in the study. Patients will be randomly assigned to receive a femoral nerve block (FNB) plus injected analgesia or standard care (SC), which is injected analgesia alone.

Using guidance from an ultrasound machine, the FNB group will have 20ml of 0.5% bupivacaine (a local anesthetic of long duration) injected into the front of the thigh, at the site of pain. Patients randomized to the SC group will receive an injection of saline (saltwater) so that no neither the patient or the treating physician knows to which group the patient was randomized. All blocks will be performed in the emergency department by an emergency physician trained in the use of ultrasound and ultrasound guided nerve blocks.

Subjects will be asked to rate their pain on a numeric pain scale both before and after intervention (30 min, 60 min, 12 hrs and 24 hrs after injection, as long as the patient is in the ER still). Additional data to be collected includes demographics, vital signs, and course of treatment resulting from the ED visit.

Hypothesis: US-guided femoral nerve blocks can provide effective pain control and possibly decrease or eliminate the need for narcotics.


Options:
A: Arm Label: U/S Guided Regional Anesthesia; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Fascia-Iliaca Block(FIB), Procedure: Femoral Nerve Block(FNB) | Arm Label: Current Local Standard Analgesia; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Fascia-Iliaca Block(FIB); Assigned to Arm(s): U/S Guided Regional Anesthesia | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Femoral Nerve Block(FNB); Assigned to Arm(s): U/S Guided Regional Anesthesia
B: Arm Label: Standard Care (SC); Type: SHAM_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo: 3cc of 0.9% Normal Saline | Arm Label: Femoral Nerve Block (FNB); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Femoral nerve block: 25 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Femoral nerve block: 25 mL of 0.5% bupivacaine; Assigned to Arm(s): Femoral Nerve Block (FNB) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo: 3cc of 0.9% Normal Saline; Assigned to Arm(s): Standard Care (SC)
C: Arm Label: Compartment Block; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Ropivacaine, Drug: Epinephrine | Arm Label: Infiltration; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Ropivacaine, Drug: Epinephrine | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ropivacaine; Assigned to Arm(s): Compartment Block, Infiltration | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Epinephrine; Assigned to Arm(s): Compartment Block, Infiltration
D: Arm Label: morphine; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: morphine | Arm Label: levobupivacaine; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: levobupivacaine | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: morphine; Assigned to Arm(s): morphine | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: levobupivacaine; Assigned to Arm(s): levobupivacaine

Answer: B