Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Evaluation the Effect of Fumaria Parviflora L. on Uremic Pruritus of End-stage Renal Disease Patients: A Randomized Double- Blind Placebo-controlled Clinical Trial
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether Fumaria Parviflora L. can minimize severity of pruritus in patients with end-stage renal disease.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* hemodialysis patients that refered to dialysis centers and at least on hemodialysis thrice weekly
* presence of uremic pruritus
* patients that at least had refractive pruritus that lead to sleep disorders or compromised daily activities
* patients should took a course of antipruritic treatment with no proper response

Exclusion Criteria:

* presence of pruritus less than three months
* kt/V less than 1.2
* presence of pruritus due to other cause other than uremic state
* presence of other pruritic diseases; malignancies; cholestasis; hepatitis B and C infection
* treatment with corticosteroid
* presence of anemia with hemoglobin less than 10
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients who have end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis more than twice weekly for at least three months and suffered from uremic pruritus.
* 20 Years and older
* Definition of uremic pruritus:

Patients were considered to have pruritus if they had either of the following conditions:

* at least 3 episodes of itch during a period of 2 weeks or less, with the symptom appearing a few times a day, lasting at least a few minutes, and troubling the patient
* he appearance of an itch in a regular pattern during a period of 6 months, but less frequently than listed above.

To be defined as "uremic," the pruritus had to appear shortly before the onset of dialysis, or at any time after that, without evidence of any other active disease that could explain the pruritus.

-Patients who suffer from severe pruritus unresponsive to topical emollient and corticosteroids, and were diagnosed as having uremic pruritus by dermatologists

Exclusion Criteria:

1. All patients with pruritus attributable to any other causes, such as scabies or other evident skin diseases (atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, generalized dermatitis, pediculosis, urticaria ...etc), and any medication with potential pruritic properties.
2. Patients whose pruritus occurred only during dialysis
3. Patients received oral drugs with presumed antipruritic effect, including benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, opioid analgesics, tricyclic antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs, or ultraviolet B phototherapy in the past one week prior to participate in this trial or during the trial.
4. Concomitant elevation of liver enzymes (GOT: male \>37 U/L, female:\>31 U/L, GPT: male \>41 U/L, female:\>31U/L), alkaline phosphatase (ALP\>104U/L), bilirubin (T-bil\>1.2 mg/dL), serum phosphorus (\>7 mg/dl), serum parathyroid hormone (\>300 pg/ml).
5. Patients who have the history of allergy to pregabalin, any acute illness, liver cirrhosis, hepatic failure, decompensated heart failure, inability to give informed consent, or poor compliance.
6. Patients with uncontrolled psychiatric disease, active malignancy, and untreated hypothyroidism.
7. Female patients who are pregnant, are nursing, or want to become pregnant.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hemodialysis patients
* Suffering from pruritus for at least 6 weeks
* Have not responded to other drugs
* visual analogue scale (VAS) equal or more than 4

Exclusion Criteria:

* Liver disease
* Respiratory disease
* Dermatological disease
* Hemoglobin less than 10
* Cholestasis
* Malignancies
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hemodialysis patients \> 18 yo suffering from pruritus for at least 6 weeks, and who have not responded to other drugs
* Willing and able to give informed concent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known dermatologic, liver, metabolic disease, or any other disease or condition other than ESRD that causes pruritus
* Lactase deficiency

Answer: C