Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Nasal Intermittent Positive Pressure Ventilation In Newborn Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Brief Summary: The submitted trial is the first prospective, randomized trial comparing nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation(NIPPV) vs nCPAP in newborn infants with respiratory distress syndrome.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Birth weight \<1000 gm
* Gestational age \<30 completed weeks
* Intention to manage the infant with non-invasive respiratory support (i.e. no endotracheal tube), where either:

  * the infant is within the first 7 days of life and has never been intubated or has received less than 24 hours of total cumulative intubated respiratory support;
  * the infant is within the first 28 days of life, has been managed with intubated respiratory support for 24 hours or more and is a candidate for extubation followed by non-invasive respiratory support.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Considered non-viable by clinician (decision not to administer effective therapies)
* Life-threatening congenital abnormalities including congenital heart disease (excluding patent ductus arteriosis)
* Infants known to require surgical treatment
* Abnormalities of the upper and lower airways
* Neuromuscular disorders
* Infants who are \>28 days old and continue to require mechanical ventilation with an endotracheal tube
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* preterm infants with RDS
* assigned to non invasive ventilation

Exclusion Criteria:

* preterm on endotracheal ventilation
* severe congenital pulmonary or cardiovascular malformation
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* All inborn VLBW infants (birthweight less than 1500 g and Gestational Age \< 32 wks) with signs of RDS, spontaneously breathing and only supported by N-CPAP, will be randomized within the first 2 hours of life to receive two different Non Invasive Ventilation (NIV) strategies.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Apneic or severely depressed newborns requiring invasive ventilation, within two hours from birth
* Newborns with genetic disease and/or with major congenital malformations
* Newborns for whom it was not obtained informed consent within two hours from birth
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Newborn infants with birth weight \>500 gm.
2. Gestational age \>24 completed weeks.
3. Intention to manage the infant with non-invasive respiratory support (i.e. no endotracheal tube), where either: 1) the infant is within the first 7 days of life and has never been intubated or has received less than 24 hours of total cumulative intubated respiratory support; 2)the infant is within the first 28 days of life, has been managed with intubated respiratory support for 24 hours or more and is a candidate for extubation followed by non-invasive respiratory support.
4. No known lethal congenital anomaly or genetic syndromes.
5. Signed parental informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Considered non-viable by clinician (decision not to administer effective therapies)
2. Life-threatening congenital abnormalities including congenital heart disease (excluding patent ductus arteriosis)
3. Infants known to require surgical treatment
4. Abnormalities of the upper and lower airways
5. Neuromuscular disorders
6. Infants who are \>28 days old and continue to require mechanical ventilation with an endotracheal tube

Answer: D