Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (RCCT) to Test the Effectiveness of Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) Versus an Attention Control Condition (AC) in Reducing Trauma Related Symptoms in Formerly Abducted Children and Former Child Soldiers Suffering From Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)
Brief Summary: In the aftermath of traumatic experiences like natural disasters or man-caused traumatic events, such as war experiences, a substantial part of the affected individuals develop a number of psychological symptoms. The characteristic symptom pattern occurring in the aftermath of traumatic events is called posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and includes functional impairment of the affected individuals. The investigators want to test whether Narrative Exposure Therapy (NET) is an effective tool in reducing trauma related symptoms in formerly abducted children and youths and former child soldiers, when applied by lay personnel.


Options:
A: Once youth are referred to the study, a screening tool will be administered to determine whether or not they meet eligibility requirements as described below.

The screening tool contains four sections;

1. Consent and Age: assures that participants meet the age requirements
2. Oxford Refugees Psychosocial Adjustment Scale: assesses depression, anxiety and hostility
3. Functioning: assesses the participant's ability to carry out activities of daily living
4. Psychological Analysis: clinician's assessment of the psychological state of the participant.

Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants must be between 15-24 years of age;
* Participants must prefer to have the opportunity to join an educational program but not currently be enrolled in school;
* A participant's total score on the Oxford scale must equal or exceed 30 AND
* Participants must display at least one non-zero score on the functioning questions.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Participant does not plan to reside in the Freetown urban area for the duration of the study (9 months from start date);
* Participant fails to meet age requirements;
* Participant is currently enrolled in school;
* Participant is not in favor of joining an educational program;
* Participant fails to meet Oxford psychosocial or functioning thresholds;
* Participant is judged by clinical staff as:

  * Needing mental health treatment beyond the scope of the YRI
  * Otherwise not suitable for a group treatment setting
* Participant displays the following:

  * Cognitive delays
  * Active suicidality
  * Psychosis
  * Risk of harm to themselves or others

Participants at risk of harm to themselves or others, as well as those requiring treatment beyond the scope of the YRI, will be referred to local mental health or social work treatment facilities as appropriate.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* pregnant women who access PMTCT-plus services at MCH clinics in Dar es Salaam
* HIV-positive serostatus
* screen positive for depression
* less than 28 weeks of gestation
* confirm they will attend postnatal services at the maternal and child health service they enrolled in for antenatal care for at least two years after they give birth

Exclusion Criteria:

* any woman less than 18 years of age
* HIV-negative
* screened negative for depression
* screened positive for depression and assessed to be of high suicide risk requiring immediate emergency referral for care
* not able to continue to receive care at the MCH clinic where they were initially enrolled for at least two years after giving birth
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Score of \>7 on SRQ-20 indicating depression caseness
* Consent to participate and complete all measures

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cognitive disturbance
* Psychotic symptoms
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* clinical diagnosis of PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) derived from expert interviews
* member of the group of formerly abducted people or former child soldiers

Exclusion Criteria:

* current substance dependence
* mental retardation
* psychotic disorder

Answer: D