Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Cost-effectiveness Analysis of Oral Paracetamol and Ibuprofen for Treating Pain After Soft Tissue Limb Injuries: Double-blind, Randomised Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Background: Paracetamol and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as ibuprofen are commonly used oral analgesics in emergency departments (ED) not only in Hong Kong but throughout the world. There are no large-scale (n\>100), prospective, randomised studies comparing paracetamol with ibuprofen in the management of acute soft tissue injury.

As paracetamol is cheaper than most NSAIDs, may be as effective in the management of acute pain and possibly with fewer adverse effects, a large-scale, randomised, controlled trial is needed to answer questions of relative analgesic efficacy, safety and cost-effectiveness. Previous comparative studies on NSAIDS have been done in this unit and have suggested equivalence between two NSAIDs and paracetamol, but numbers were small and drug doses were modest.

Objective: To compare the efficacy, safety and cost between oral ibuprofen and paracetamol in pain control for acute soft tissue injuries in an ED setting

Design: Prospective, double-blind, randomised controlled trial with three arms: oral paracetamol with placebo; oral ibuprofen with placebo; paracetamol and ibuprofen in combination

Participants: 783 subjects having sustained isolated soft tissue limb injury without significant fracture presenting to the ED of Prince of Wales Hospital

Main outcome measures: Pain relief profiles of paracetamol, ibuprofen and the combination of both; adverse effect profiles of paracetamol, ibuprofen and the combination of both; overall cost effectiveness of paracetamol, ibuprofen and the combination of both from the perspective of the healthcare provider


Options:
A: Arm Label: Oxycodone/acetaminophen; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Oxycodone/acetaminophen | Arm Label: Hydrocodone/acetaminophen; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Hydrocodone/acetaminophen | Arm Label: Codeine/acetaminophen; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Codeine/acetaminophen | Arm Label: Ibuprofen/acetaminophen; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Ibuprofen/acetaminophen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Oxycodone/acetaminophen; Assigned to Arm(s): Oxycodone/acetaminophen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Hydrocodone/acetaminophen; Assigned to Arm(s): Hydrocodone/acetaminophen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Codeine/acetaminophen; Assigned to Arm(s): Codeine/acetaminophen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ibuprofen/acetaminophen; Assigned to Arm(s): Ibuprofen/acetaminophen
B: Arm Label: Paracetamol; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Paracetamol | Arm Label: Dexketoprofen; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Dexketoprofen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Paracetamol; Assigned to Arm(s): Paracetamol | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Dexketoprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): Dexketoprofen
C: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Paracetamol, Drug: Ibuprofen placebo | Arm Label: 2; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Ibuprofen, Drug: Paracetamol Placebo | Arm Label: 3; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Paracetamol, Drug: Ibuprofen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Paracetamol; Assigned to Arm(s): 1, 3 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ibuprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): 2, 3 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Paracetamol Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): 2 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ibuprofen placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): 1
D: Arm Label: oral morphine and oral ibuprofen; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: oral morphine and oral ibuprofen | Arm Label: morphine and placebo of ibuprofen; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Oral morphine | Arm Label: ibuprofen and placebo of morphine; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Oral ibuprofen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: oral morphine and oral ibuprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): oral morphine and oral ibuprofen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Oral morphine; Assigned to Arm(s): morphine and placebo of ibuprofen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Oral ibuprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): ibuprofen and placebo of morphine

Answer: C