Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A 12 Week, Randomised, Double Blind Study Evaluating the Effects of Low Dose (10mg) and High Dose (80mg) Atorvastatin on Macrophage Activity and Carotid Plaque Inflammation as Determined by Ultra Small Super-Paramagnetic Iron Oxide (USPIO) Enhanced Carotid Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Brief Summary: A new way of scanning narrowing in the arteries (main blood vessels) caused by fatty deposits known as plaques has been developed. Heart attacks and strokes occur when plaques become inflamed, depending on the artery affected. Currently used clinical tests can only tell us how much the vessel is blocked by the plaque and not how inflamed (i.e. dangerous) it is. This new method of scanning using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and a special agent called Sinerim can identify inflamed plaques. This study will evaluate patients with plaques in their arteries in their neck at risk of strokes to see whether treatment with a cholesterol-lowering drug called atorvastatin can reduce the amount of inflammation within the artery wall within the first three months of treatment. If this effect can be measured using MRI scanning with the use of Sinerim then the results of this study will provide additional clinical validation of the use of MRI scanning combined with agents such as Sinerem®.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* BMI \>40 OR \>35 with comorbidities

Exclusion Criteria:

* No
B: Men and women with early carotid atherosclerosis and moderately elevated LDL cholesterol between the 60th and 90th percentiles.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Laboratory-confirmed SARS-CoV-2-related pneumonia, defined as positive nasal swab for SARS-CoV-2 infection or positive IgM serum title. A laboratory confirmed diagnosis must be associated with a clinically confirmed COVID-19 pneumonia, with a history of fever ≥ 3 days and multiple pulmonary infiltrates at the chest X-Ray
* Acute de novo severe hypoxic respiratory failure, defined by means of arterial blood gas analysis performed in room air showing severe hypoxemia with an arterial partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2) to fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) ratio \< 250 (according to the Berlin 2012 acute respiratory distress syndrome - ARDS - definition), requiring CPAP respiratory support
* D-Dimer value ≥ 3 times the upper level of normal of the laboratory

Exclusion Criteria:

* Ongoing bleeding or bleeding diathesis, contraindications for anticoagulation or increased bleeding risk or history of bleeding in the last eight weeks
* Previous stroke or transient ischemic attack or any intracranial pathology in the last six months, major surgery or trauma within the previous six weeks
* Laboratory confirmed Laboratory confirmed Glucose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PDH) deficiency.
* Confirmed or suspected pregnancy or patients in childbearing age.
* Previous known adverse effects or intolerance to the study drugs
* Ongoing septic shock. Septic shock will be defined as the concomitant presence of sepsis (life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection with a Sequential \[Sepsis-related\] Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score of 2 points or more) and need for vasopressors to maintain a mean arterial pressure of 65 mm Hg or greater and a serum lactate level greater than 2 mmol/L (\>18 mg/dL) in the absence of hypovolemia.
* Need for surgery during hospitalization
* Elevated risk of in hospital fall
* Glasgow Coma Scale \<15
* Confirmed diagnosis of dementia or mental disability that jeopardizes the comprehension of the study protocol
* Inability to sign the informed consent
D: Inclusion criteria:

* Positive Sinerem®-enhanced MRI of carotid plaque confirmed by a consultant neuroradiologist
* Must either be statin naive or have been on a stable dose of a statin(Permitted statins and total daily dose are as follows: atorvastatin =10mg, simvastatin =40mg, pravastatin =40mg, fluvastatin =80mg, rosuvastatin =10mg for =4 weeks prior to screening, with no evidence of statin intolerability.)

Exclusion criteria:

* Require continued use of non-statin lipid modifying therapies or therapy with any other lipid regulating medications
* History of statin intolerance
* History of chronic viral hepatitis or other liver dysfunction
* Renal impairment with serum creatinine \>2.5 mg/dl (\>221 mol/L)
* History of myopathy or inflammatory muscle disease, or 3 times more than the upper limit of normal levels of total creatinine kinase in serum
* Doppler assessment of less than 40% stenosis during screening assessment
* Allergy to dextran and iron salts
* Contraindication to MRI scanning
* Planned carotid surgery or endovascular intervention earlier than 10 weeks within the study period

Answer: D