Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Efficacy of Spinal Cord Stimulation at Varying Stimulation Frequencies and Pulse-Widths
Brief Summary: The purpose of the study is to measure the efficacy of varying spinal cord stimulation frequencies and pulse-width settings on chronic pain management. The spinal cord stimulator settings that are most effective in chronic pain management hope to be revealed for the purposes of this study. In this double-blind study, both the patient and the staff will not be aware of the spinal cord stimulator settings for each patient each week. The representative that will set the settings each week will be blinded to the identity of each patient and will set the spinal cord stimulator from another room. While there are few papers that show the efficacy of spinal cord stimulation in treating chronic pain, there has yet to be a study performed that measures the role of stimulation frequency and pulse-widths. This study hopes to be the first.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. A diagnosis of primary or idiopathic erythromelalgia
2. Patients ≥18 years who have developed chronic pain that has remained refractory to medical treatment for ≥6 months.
3. Minimum pain intensity of 5/10 on a numeric rating scale NRS at baseline.
4. Successful two-week SCS testing period with tonic stimulation (≥2 points reduction in pain NRS from baseline). This means patients will experience paresthesia during the trial period of spinal cord stimulation.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Coexisting conditions that would increase procedural risk (e.g., sepsis, coagulopathy).
2. History of laminectomy or posterior fusion at the thoracolumbar junction, where percutaneous electrode end tips are routinely placed.
3. Abnormal pain behavior and/or unresolved psychiatric illness.
4. Unresolved issues of secondary gain or inappropriate medication use.
5. Unfit for participation for any other reason as judged by the study physician.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subject is male or female between the ages of 18 and 80 years.
* Have been diagnosed with chronic, intractable pain of the trunk and/or limbs, which has been refractory to conservative therapy for a minimum of 6 months.
* Be an appropriate candidate for an SCS trial and the surgical procedures required in this study based on the clinical judgment of the Investigator.
* Be willing and capable of giving informed consent and able to comply with study-related requirements, procedures, and visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Have a medical condition or pain in other area(s), not intended to be treated with SCS, that could interfere with study procedures, accurate pain reporting, and/or confound evaluation of study endpoints, as determined by the Investigator.
* Have evidence of an active disruptive psychological or psychiatric disorder or other known condition significant enough to impact perception of pain, compliance of intervention, and/or ability to evaluate treatment outcomes.
* Have an existing drug pump and/or SCS system or another active implantable device such as a pacemaker, deep brain stimulator (DBS), or sacral nerve stimulator (SNS).
* Have prior experience with SCS.
* Have an active systemic infection or local infection in the area of the surgical site.
* Be pregnant or nursing (if female and sexually active, subject must be using a reliable form of birth control, be surgically sterile, or be at least 2 years post-menopausal).
* Be concomitantly participating in another clinical study.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with an implanted neurostimulation system met een FBSS met geïmplanteerd

Exclusion Criteria:

* no knowledge of the Dutch language
* Addicted to drugs
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* The patient must have SCS implanted for at least 2 months before study start date
* The patient must be at least 18 years old
* The patient must currently be receiving pain relief from SCS usage
* The patient must be willing to participate in a 9-week study
* The patient must have at least 20% of battery life remaining in his/her spinal cord stimulator
* The patient must be able to tolerate Vicodin-Extra Strength as well as Tylenol, but can also take their own pain medication if it is not one of the two mentioned

Exclusion Criteria:

* The patient is pregnant or intends to become pregnant during the course of the study.
* The patient by report, and/or by physician assessment, exhibits any or all of the following, which might bias reporting of treatment outcome:

A strong untreated dependency on prescription medication such as benzodiazepines and narcotic analgesics.

A strong potential for secondary gain issues.

A significant, untreated psychiatric comorbidity.

* The patient possesses a coexisting clinically relevant or disabling chronic pain problem not treated by SCS
* The patient has been diagnosed with unstable angina
* The patient receives a Karnofsky's performance score of \<60

Answer: D