Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Efficacy of Physical Activity Tele-coaching to Optimise Daily Physical Activity Levels in Lung Transplant Recipients
Brief Summary: Lung transplantation is an established treatment for patients with end-stage lung disease. Despite the overall success of the treatment to prolong survival and restore lung function, limitations in exercise capacity in the range of 40-60% of predicted normal values are commonly observed, even up to 1 year following the transplant. These persisting limitations are predominantly owed to skeletal muscle abnormalities including muscle atrophy, weakness and increased fatigability, secondary to prolonged deconditioning

Based on objective accelerometry measurements, lung transplant recipients are markedly inactive in daily life compared to their healthy age-matched counterparts. Locomotor muscle weakness following extended hospital and intensive care unit stay, immunosuppressant medications, and the psychological effects of transplantation contribute to persisting physical inactivity and impaired exercise capacity.

Physical activity is a complex health behaviour that is modified by behavioural change interventions. Such interventions may combine the use of wearable monitors (i.e. step counters) with goal setting to increase daily physical activity. In patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), use of a semi-automated tele-coaching intervention consisting of a step-counter and smartphone application, in combination with behavioural strategies (identification of barriers, goal setting, self-efficacy, motivation, self-monitoring and feedback) increases both daily physical activity levels and quality of life. However, the effectiveness of tele-coaching to induce meaningful improvements in daily steps to transpire into enhanced post-surgery outcomes and improve recovery is yet to be investigated in lung transplant recipients.

Alongside physical activity promotion, incorporation of behavioural strategies are also important in terms of reversing physical inactivity in patients with chronic lung diseases. These strategies address barriers to physical activity including low self-motivation and self-efficacy, and constitute an important component in the management of chronic diseases to improve long term engagement in activities of daily living.

Accordingly, this study will assess the feasibility and clinical efficacy of physical activity tele-coaching to enhance daily physical activity levels within a population at high risk for post-surgical complications. The intervention combines usual care with tele-coaching, which is designed to embed behavioural change and remote coaching to adhere to simple daily physical activity tasks. Behavioural strategies targeted at improving physical activity levels will be applied to all patients prior to hospital discharge, to promote more active lifestyle choices.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Recipients of single or double lung transplants

Exclusion Criteria:

* Recipients of multiple organ transplants
* Patients scheduled for retransplantation
* Patients not leaving hospital within 6 weeks after surgery
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* All patients who have undergone either a lung or heart-lung transplant.
* Fit for discharge from the Transplant Unit's Intensive Care Unit.
* \> 18 years of age.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients under 18 years of age.
* Patients unable to understand or comprehend the study.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Lung transplant (single, double, combined heart-lung) (6-9 mts post Tx)
* Stable health condition at study entry (pt stays within home environment)
* Age ≥ 18 yrs
* Sufficient language skills to answer questionnaire
* Follow-up at our center
* Willingness to participate by written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* BOS III diagnosis before study inclusion
* Episodes of recurrent acute rejections
* Medical contra-indication for regular exercise ergometer training
* Malignancy
* Multi-resistent pathogens
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients referred for single or double lung transplant with a primary diagnosis of Interstitial Lung Disease, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Cystic Fibrosis, Bronchiectasis or Pulmonary Vascular Disease.
2. Males and females aged 18-70 years.
3. Able to provide informed consent
4. Able to speak and read English.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Severe post-transplant critical illness neuromyopathy
2. Bilateral diaphragmatic weakness
3. Presence of any other significant disease or disorder which, in the opinion of the investigators, may either put the participant at risk because of participation in the study, or may influence the result of the study, or the participant's ability to participate in the study.

Answer: D