Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of Closed-loop Automatic Control of the Inspiratory Fraction of Oxygen (FiO2-C) on Outcome of Extremely Preterm Infants - a Randomized Controlled Parallel Group Multicenter Trial for Safety and Efficacy
Brief Summary: Extremely low gestational age neonates (ELGANs), i.e. those born at \<28 weeks, frequently experience intermittent hypoxemic/hyperoxemic episodes. Observational data indicate that severe and prolonged hypoxemic episodes are associated with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), impaired long-term development and death. Closed-loop automated control of the inspiratory fraction of oxygen (FiO2-C) reduces time outside the oxygen target range, decreases number and duration of hypo- and hyperoxemic episodes, and reduces caregivers' workload. The proposed observer-blinded randomized controlled trial was designed and will be powered to compare the effect of FiO2-C in addition to manual adjustments, in comparison with manual adjustments of FiO2 only, on death and severe complications of prematurity thought to be related to hypoxia/hyperoxia and neurodevelopmental impairment in ELGANs. The results of this trial may help to improve the quality of life of ELGANs and reduce the burden of significant morbidity as well as costs for health care and society


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Preterm infants less than 33 weeks (23+0 to 32+6 weeks)

• Receiving invasive or non-invasive mode of respiratory support

Exclusion Criteria:

* Infants more than or equal to 33 weeks
* Preterm infants with congenital anomalies
* Infants on a non-conventional mode of invasive or non-invasive ventilation
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Preterm infants being treated with high flow nasal cannula therapy
2. A need for supplemental oxygen as demonstrated by an required FiO2 \> 0.25 at enrollment
3. Requiring a flow rate of greater than 2 L/min such that the assumed inspired oxygen fraction matched delivered oxygen fraction (definition of HFNC).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Major congenital abnormalities
2. Hemodynamic instability, defined as being outside of a normotensive range based on each infant's individual characteristics
3. Seizures
4. Ongoing sepsis
5. Meningitis
6. Clinician's concern regarding stability of the infant
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Admission to the emergency for respiratory disease justifying an oxygen administration to maintain a SpO2 ≥ 92%.
* inclusion within a time less than 24 hours after the start of the oxygen at the emergency department.
* written consent of the parents of the child

Exclusion Criteria:

* Necessity of an oxygen flow exceeds 4 L / min to maintain a SpO2 higher than 92%
* Criteria of gravity justifying immediately a different technique of ventilatory support:

  * Disturbance of consciousness with a Glasgow Coma Score ≤ 12
  * Hemodynamic instability (MBP \< - 2 DS or need for vasopressors)
  * Cardiac or respiratory arrest
  * pH \< 7.35 and PaCO2 \> 55 mm Hg
  * Necessity of a urgent surgery
  * Age \< 1 month
  * Respiratory rate \> 80 b/min (1 month-2 years old), \> 40 b/min (2 - 10 years old) \> 30b/min (\> 10 years old) ou \< 10 b/min
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Preterm infants with a gestational age (GA) at birth of 23+0/7 - 27+6/7 weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* Decision for palliative care
* congenital anomalies
* postnatal age \> 48h
* missing parental consent
* lack of device enabling closed-loop automatic control of FiO2

Answer: D