Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Impact of a New Molecular Tuberculosis (TB) Test on TB/HIV Outcomes Among HIV-
Brief Summary: The specific aims of this project are: (1) to compare the impact of using the routine screening and GeneXpert algorithms for TB case detection on Tuberculosis (TB)- and HIV-related outcomes; (2) to compare the impact of using the routine screening and GeneXpert algorithms for exclusion of TB prior to initiation of IPT and ART on TB- and HIV-related outcomes; and (3) to assess the relative cost-effectiveness of the routine screening and GeneXpert algorithms for TB case detection and exclusion of TB. The GeneXpert is a "disruptive technology"10 that could allow TB/HIV programs in resource-limited settings to leapfrog over solid and liquid culture-based TB diagnostic algorithms, and to remove a key barrier to scale up of ICF and IPT.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥18 years;
* HIV-1 infection as documented at any time prior to trial entry, as per national testing procedures;
* CD4 \<100 cells/mm3;
* No history of antiretroviral drug use (except transient ART for PMTCT);
* Able to correctly understand the trial and to sign the informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* HIV-2 co-infection;
* Contra-indication to efavirenz;
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \>5 times the upper limit of normal;
* Creatinine clearance \<50 ml/min;
* Overt evidence that TB treatment should be started immediately;
* History of TB treatment in the past 5 years;
* Ongoing TB chemoprophylaxis (isoniazid preventive therapy);
* Any condition that would lead to differ ART initiation (e.g. acute condition requiring investigations and/or treatment prior to ART initiation);
* Current pregnancy or breastfeeding.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* HIV-infected (1x rapid HIV test positive)
* Considered TB suspect by attending doctor (must comprise at least 1 of the following: current fever or cough, drenching night sweats, self-reported LOW)
* Illness severity sufficient to warrant hospitalization
* ≥18 years old
* Provision of informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* HIV-uninfected
* Patients receiving any anti-TB medication in the 60 days prior to testing
* Unable to provide 30mls urine
* Inability to provide informed consent
C: Inclusion Criteria:

All HIV-infected men and women \> 18 years of age with newly diagnosed HIV at the 12 study clinics will be asked to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients will be excluded from participation if they have a current diagnosis of TB and/or if they are currently taking IPT, TB treatment and/or ART.
* Patients will also be excluded from participation if they cannot speak English or Chichewa;
* if they have a language or hearing impairment; or
* if they are prisoners.
D: Inclusion criteria:

1. Any ventilated patients over 18 years of age with suspected TB (suggestive pulmonary infiltrates, a history of constitutional symptoms preceding the ICU admission, or patients known or suspected to be infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)).

Exclusion criteria:

1. Patients known to have active TB or to already be on antituberculous medication.

Answer: C