Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Brief Skills Training Intervention for Suicidal Individuals
Brief Summary: A significant percentage of individuals who die by suicide do not seek mental health services in the time preceding their death. This population is underserved and it is unclear what barriers keep them from seeking treatment. In order to begin a line of research aimed at addressing this high-risk population, this proposal rests on the hypothesis that suicidal individuals who do not seek treatment prior to attempting suicide experience the same psychopathological difficulties as suicidal individuals who do seek treatment - namely, severe emotion dysregulation. However, these non-treatment-seeker s will likely require more creative recruitment strategies and briefer interventions than treatment-seeking individuals. As such, this application proposes to use wide-reaching recruitment efforts throughout the community to locate and enroll individuals who are suicidal but not seeking treatment. Further, there is a paucity of empirical support for interventions targeting suicidal individuals. Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT) is one of the few treatments that have been demonstrated to be effective with a suicidal population and is the only treatment whose effectiveness has been replicated. Previous research has suggested that an abbreviated version of the skills that are taught in DBT skills training have effectively reduced emotion dysregulation (i.e., depression and anxiety) in problem drinkers and the format of the proposed intervention is derived from this evidence-based emotion dysregulation intervention. As such, the proposed research is a randomized, controlled pilot trial of a very brief, one-time, skills-based intervention targeting difficulties in emotion regulation and distress tolerance.

This research aims to evaluate the safety of the intervention, the feasibility of the research methods (including the appropriateness of the relaxation training control condition), and to preliminarily estimate the immediate (one week) and long-term (one and three month) changes resulting from the DBT Brief Skills Intervention (DBT-BSI) relative to a relaxation training control on the primary outcomes of suicide ideation and emotion dysregulation as well as a number of secondary outcomes. These results will inform the design of a subsequent full-scale randomized controlled trial of the DBT-BSI.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18+ years old
* Suicidal ideation in the last week
* Live within commuting distance to research office
* Have not been engaged in mental health treatment in the past month
* Consent to assessment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-English speaking
* Significant cognitive impairment
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Suicide attempt within 48 hours prior to being evaluated at the hospital
* English speaking
* Able to provide 2 verifiable contacts

Exclusion Criteria:

* Acute, unstable, or severe Axis III disorder or a severe Axis I disorder that may prevent safe participation in outpatient psychotherapy
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Ages 12 to18 years
* Youth presenting in the Emergency Department with acute suicidal ideation or suicide risk behaviour
* SIQ-Jr score ≥ 31
* Parent or caregiver able to communicate in English, or is willing to communicate using a hospital-organized translator, and willing to participate in study
* Living in the greater Toronto area and access to a telephone.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active psychosis or hypomania/mania
* Moderate to severe intellectual disability, autism.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Self-harm behaviour in the past 6 months
* In receipt of treatment from local Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
* Competent and willing to provide written, informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe learning disability or pervasive developmental disorder
* Acute psychotic episode
* Eating disorder in the absence of self-harm.
* Non-English speaking
* Current involvement in other ongoing treatment research

Answer: A