Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Two-centre, Randomised, Single-blind, Parallel Group Controlled Trial, Testing the Growth Promoting Effect of Long-term Complementary Feeding of Infants With Different Doses and Formulations of Lipid-based Nutrient Supplements (LNS)
Brief Summary: The use of lipid-based nutrients (LNS), such as Nutributter or fortified spread (FS), have been associated with improved growth and development outcomes among infants in Ghana and Malawi. Modified versions of such supplements have been developed to improve their nutrient density and quality and to lower their costs. Such modified products have proven acceptable to infants and their guardians in Malawi and Ghana. In the present trial, the investigator aim to identify the lowest growth-promoting daily dose of modified LNS. Additionally, the investigators will test a hypothesis that LNS that does not contain milk promotes growth as well as milk-containing LNS when given for 12 months at a 10-40 g daily dose to 6-18 month old infants in rural Malawi.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* At least 18 years of age
* No more than 20 wk of gestation
* Given Ante-natal Cards of the Ghana Health Service
* Completed the initial routine ante-natal examination at the clinics
* HIV negative or status unknown (as from the Ante-natal card)
* Free from chronic disease e.g. malignancy requiring frequent medical attention (as from the Ante-natal card)
* Residing in the Manya Krobo or Yilo Krobo district
* Prepared to sign an informed consent
* Living in the area throughout the duration of the study
* Acceptance of home visitors

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known asthmatic or history of allergy towards peanut or milk products
* Concurrent participation in another clinical trial
* Severe illness warranting hospital referral
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Signed informed consent from at least one guardian
* Age 5.50 months to 6.49 months
* Availability during the period of the study.
* Permanent resident of Mangochi District Hospital or Namwera Health Centre catchment area

Exclusion Criteria:

* Weight for length Z score (WLZ) \< -2.0
* Presence of oedema
* Severe anaemia (Hb\<50 g / l)
* Severe illness warranting hospital referral
* History of allergy towards peanut
* History of anaphylaxis or serious allergic reaction to any substance, requiring emergency medical care
* Concurrent participation in any other clinical trial
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Ultrasound confirmed pregnancy of no more than 20 completed gestation weeks
* Permanent resident of Mangochi District Hospital, Malindi Hospital or Lungwena Health Centre catchment areas
* Availability during the period of the study
* Signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Less than 15 years of age
* Need for frequent medical attention due to a chronic health condition
* Diagnosed asthma treated with regular medication
* Severe illness warranting hospital referral
* History of allergy towards peanuts
* History of anaphylaxis or serious allergic reaction to any substance, requiring emergency medical care
* Pregnancy complications evident at enrolment visit (moderate to severe oedema, blood Hb concentration \< 5 g / dl, systolic blood pressure (BP) \> 160 mmHg or diastolic BP \> 100 mmHg)
* Earlier participation in the iLiNS-DYAD-M trial
* Concurrent participation in any other clinical trial
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Recruitment and primary eligibility criteria:

* Age \> 14 years.
* Ability to give informed assent or consent.
* Evidence of HIV infection, as documented by 2 positive ELISA antibody tests; or 1 positive ELISA, and 1 Western Blot; or 2 separate concurrent rapid tests.
* Currently pregnant (with a single or multiple fetuses).
* Gestation \< 30 weeks at referral from 'Call to Action' Program
* No serious current complications of pregnancy.
* Intention to breastfeed.
* Intention to deliver at the institution at which the study is based.
* Not previously enrolled in this study for an earlier pregnancy.
* Other than HIV, no active serious infection, such as tuberculosis or other potentially serious illnesses.
* No previous use of antiretrovirals including the HIVNET 012 regimen.
* Mother's CD4 count \> 250 cells/uL determined in the antenatal clinic.
* Mother's ALT \< 2.5 x ULN (upper limit of normal) determined in the antenatal clinic

Secondary eligibility criteria and treatment assignment:

* Mother who delivers outside of the institution at which the study is based must present with her infant to the study site within 36 hours of delivery.
* Mother accepts nevirapine and zidovudine+lamivudine 7-day regimen for herself and her infant.
* Infant birth weight \> 2000 g.
* No severe congenital malformations or other condition(s) not compatible with life.
* Based on clinical assessment, no maternal condition which would preclude the start of the study intervention.

Answer: B