Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: AMICA: Assessing the Fit of Motivational Interviewing by Cultures With Adolescents
Brief Summary: Hispanic adolescents experience more severe alcohol-related consequences due to their alcohol abuse and yet significantly fewer Hispanic adolescents receive alcohol treatment, particularly among justice-involved youth. Despite the level of research that has been conducted on motivational interviewing (MI) with mainstream samples, no published studies have investigated the efficacy of this brief, individual intervention with Hispanic adolescents. The overarching objective of this application is to evaluate the efficacy of a brief individual intervention (MI) for problem drinking behaviors with a sample of justice-involved Hispanic and Caucasian adolescents to determine if this intervention is differentially effective between Hispanic and Caucasian adolescents. Specifically, the first aim is to determine whether an MI intervention targeting alcohol abuse is effective at reducing alcohol use and related risk behavior in a sample of adolescent alcohol abusers. The second aim is to examine whether the effects of MI on problem drinking outcomes (e.g., alcohol problems, quantity of drinking, frequency of binging) are different between Hispanic versus Caucasian adolescents. Because it is important to determine the mechanisms that mediate the effects of MI and determine whether these mechanisms differ between Caucasian and Hispanic adolescents, the third aim is to examine whether group (Hispanic vs. Caucasian) moderates the mediational linkages in the overall model using a cross-groups approach to moderated mediation. To accomplish these aims, 453 Caucasian and Hispanic justice-involved alcohol abusing adolescents (ages 14-17) will be randomized to either two 60 minute MI interventions (one at baseline and a second, one week later) or an education condition. All adolescents will receive behavioral assessments at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months. The proposed research is expected to take a significant step towards reducing current racial/ethnic health disparities in alcohol treatment for Hispanic adolescents.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 or over
* speak English or Spanish
* competent to give consent and interact
* drug use risk higher than alcohol use risk

Exclusion Criteria:

* under 18
* non english or spanish speaker
* no telephone where one can be reached
* too injured/sick to participate
* alcohol use risk higher than drug use risk
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 13 - 18
* Provision of informed assent (or self-consent if age 18)
* Parent/ guardian consent if under age 18
* Regular substance use (use at least 1 per month for past 6 months)

Exclusion Criteria:

* active psychosis
* mental retardation
* neurodevelopmental disorder
* severe medical illness
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* within the specified age range
* \>= 1 past two month binge drinking episode
* right-handed
* proficient in English
* agree to be contacted for the 3, 6, and 12 month follow ups
* informed consent of a parent/guardian, if under 18 years old
* informed assent/consent of participating youth

Exclusion Criteria:

* \> 3 past-month instances of non-nicotine and/or non-cannabis substance use (e.g., methamphetamine)
* evidence of brain injury/illness or neurological disorder including psychosis
* lifetime loss of consciousness \>= 2 min
* unremovable metal on/in body, or other functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) contraindications (e.g., pregnancy)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male and female inpatients 18 years of age or older.
* Participants will have a current DSM-IV diagnosis of alcohol abuse or dependence.
* Able to understand/speak English
* Participants will have signed a witnessed informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cognitive impairment (e.g., mental retardation)
* Participants who meet current DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or dementia
* Participants who are homeless, without contact person
* Participants enrolled in a methadone maintenance treatment program.

Answer: B