Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Improving the Effectiveness of Psychological Interventions for Depression and Anxiety in the Cardiac Rehabilitation Pathway: A Single-blind Randomised Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) services aim to improve heart disease patients' health and quality of life, and reduce the risk of further cardiac events. Depression and anxiety (distress) are common among CR patients: 37% of patents have significant anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. Distressed patients are at greater risk of death, further cardiac events and poorer quality of life than those without distress and they use more healthcare. Available drug and psychological treatments have only small effects on distress and quality of life, and no effects on physical health. Therefore, it is essential that more effective treatments for depression and anxiety are integrated into CR services. Extensive evidence shows that a particular style of thinking dominated by rumination (dwelling on the past) and worry maintains emotional distress. A psychological intervention (metacognitive therapy) that reduces this style of thinking alleviates depression and anxiety in mental health settings. The investigators aim to conduct a pilot trial of the group intervention and in work stream 2 the investigators will undertake a full-scale trial to evaluate whether adding the group intervention to standard CR is more effective at alleviating anxiety and depression than standard CR alone.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Cohort 1; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Cohort 2; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Cohort 3; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Cohort 4; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Cohort 5; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A
B: Arm Label: Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM) | Arm Label: Patient Education; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Patient Education | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management (CBSM); Assigned to Arm(s): Cognitive Behavioral Stress Management | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Patient Education; Assigned to Arm(s): Patient Education
C: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Psychotherapy, Other: Usual cardiological care | Arm Label: 2; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Information session, Other: Usual cardiological care | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Psychotherapy; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Information session; Assigned to Arm(s): 2 | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Usual cardiological care; Assigned to Arm(s): 1, 2
D: Arm Label: metacognitive therapy plus CR; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Metacognitive Therapy | Arm Label: CR alone (control); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Cardiac Rehabilitation (treatment as usual) | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Metacognitive Therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): metacognitive therapy plus CR | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Cardiac Rehabilitation (treatment as usual); Assigned to Arm(s): CR alone (control)

Answer: D