Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Prebiotic Fiber on Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Permeability and Glycemic Control in Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study
Brief Summary: The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a contributor to disease states. In type 1 diabetes, alterations in gut microbiota may be linked to changes in intestinal permeability, inflammation and insulin resistance. Prebiotic fiber is a dietary supplement that alters gut microbiota and could potentially improve insulin sensitivity in children with type 1 diabetes. This pilot study aims to determine the feasibility of a 12-week dietary intervention with prebiotic fiber in children with type 1 diabetes. The investigators hypothesize that consumption of prebiotic fiber will alter gut microbiota and intestinal permeability, leading to improved glycemic control. Prebiotic fiber is a potentially novel, inexpensive, low-risk treatment addition for type 1 diabetes that may improve glycemic control by changes in gut microbiota, gut permeability and inflammation.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

CF cohort:

Diagnosis of CF determined by

* a sweat chloride of \>60 mEq/L and/or
* detection of 2 disease causing CFTR mutations with evidence of organ involvement.

Healthy controls:

* Age-matched

Exclusion Criteria:

CF cohort:

* Lacking ability to cooperate of patients /their families, respectively

Healthy controls:

* Other diseases causing abdominal symptoms (Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), alpha 1 antitrypsin deficiency, celiac disease, food allergy, gastroenteritis, etc.)
B: Key Inclusion Criteria:

* Heterozygous for the F508del mutation (F/MF)
* Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) value ≥40% and ≤90% of predicted mean for age, sex, and height

Key Exclusion Criteria:

* Clinically significant cirrhosis with or without portal hypertension
* Lung infection with organisms associated with a more rapid decline in pulmonary status
* Solid organ or hematological transplantation

Other protocol defined Inclusion/Exclusion criteria may apply
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 8 - 17 years old
2. Diagnosed with type 1 diabetes for at least one year
3. HbA1c \<10% for 6 month prior to start of trial

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects with another chronic medical condition that could affect gut microbiota (examples: Crohn's disease, cystic fibrosis, irritable bowel syndrome, etc.)
2. Subjects taking medications or supplements that could affect gut microbiota (examples: antibiotics, probiotics, prebiotics, laxatives, etc.)
3. Subjects with a positive celiac disease screen
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Confirmed diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) and G551D mutation in at least 1 allele
* Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of 40% to 90% (inclusive) of predicted normal for age, gender, and height at Screening.
* No clinically significant abnormalities that would have interfered with the study assessments, as judged by the investigator
* Willing to use highly effective birth control methods during the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of any illness or condition that might confound the results of the study or pose an additional risk in administering study drug to the subject
* Acute respiratory infection, pulmonary exacerbation, or changes in therapy for pulmonary disease within 4 weeks of Day 1 of the study
* History of alcohol, medication or illicit drug abuse within one year prior to Day 1
* Abnormal liver function ≥ 3x the upper limit of normal
* Abnormal renal function at Screening
* History of solid organ or hematological transplantation
* Pregnant, planning a pregnancy, breast-feeding, or unwilling to follow contraception requirements
* Ongoing participation in another therapeutic clinical study or prior participation in an investigational drug study within 30 days prior to Screening
* Use of inhaled hypertonic saline treatment
* Concomitant use of any inhibitors or inducers of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4)

Answer: C