Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Support From Hospital to Home for Elders: A Randomized Controlled Study
Brief Summary: The investigators will randomize 700 non-psychiatric, non-obstetric, non-surgical patients aged 55 years and older at San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) to usual care (ten days of prescription medication, discharge summary sent to primary care provider (PCP), and outpatient appt made for patient, and patient's nurse reviews discharge plan,) or usual care plus a peridischarge intervention (a visit with specialized in-hospital discharge nurse, development of personalized discharge plan, two phone calls from a nurse practitioner(NP)/physician assistant (PA) after discharge and availability of additional calls back from NP/PA, upon patient request, to help answer questions and assist patient's transition to outpatient care, and communication with primary care/subspecialty providers). The usual care and usual care plus intervention groups will be assessed for differences in mortality and rates of rehospitalization and emergency department use 30, 90 and 180 days following discharge from the hospital.

The discharge process from the hospital to home is frequently marked by poor quality and high risk of adverse events and readmissions. It has been hypothesized that better coordinated care, personalized patient education, and follow-up calls to identify potential sources of adverse events, such as medical complications and medication errors can reduce rehospitalization and emergency room visits following discharge from the hospital. Although these interventions have been shown to reduce combined hospital readmissions and emergency department visits in English-speaking patients, none has focused on elderly patients in a diverse urban public hospital setting that includes non-English-speakers, who might benefit more than other populations from enhanced services during and after discharge from the hospital. Further, these labor-intensive interventions are costly to implement, and it is unknown whether opportunity cost of providing additional services in a limited-resource environment such as San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) outweighs the unknown clinical benefits.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 65 or over
* Discharged from the UNC emergency department

Exclusion Criteria:

* In the hospital at the time of phone call follow-up
* Neither the patient nor their responsible party are able to pass a standardized test to assess cognitive function
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hospitalized at Vanderbilt University Medical Center
* Medicare-eligible
* Discharged from VUMC to a post acute care facility
* Has polypharmacy as defined by \> 5 medications
* Able to self-consent or has a proxy (surrogate)
* Speaks English (due to interview-based assessments)
* Primary home residence within one of 9 surrounding counties (due to home visit during follow-up phase)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Resides in long-term care
* Is currently on hospice or otherwise has a limited life expectancy (\< 6 months).
* Enrolled in a clinical drug trial
* Has Stage IV Cancer Diagnosis
* Incarcerated or homeless
* Unable to self-consent and does not have a surrogate
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients age 55 and older
* admitted to the general medicine, family medicine, cardiology, and neurology services at San Francisco General Hospital,
* able to communicate in either English, Spanish, Mandarin or Cantonese,
* attending physicians agree to the patient's participation.
* Patients must be able to demonstrate an understanding of the study's goals through a set of teach back questions included in the consent process.

Exclusion Criteria:

* transferred from an outside hospital;
* admitted for a planned hospitalization (e.g. chemotherapy, a planned surgery)
* requiring hospice, nursing home, rehab or other institutional settings (i.e. expected by the physician team to be discharged to skilled nursing facilities) - those unable to independently consent (i.e. severely cognitively impaired, delirious, deaf, or involuntarily hospitalized because of severe mental illness)
* unable to understand English, Spanish or Cantonese (as reported by medical teams or unable to complete the consent teach-back process)
* less than age 55
* aphasic
* otherwise excluded by the medical team
* participated in the pilot project of this intervention.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Latinos older than 21
* Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
* Referred to the "Amigos en Salud" program at Hartford Hospital
* Residents of Hartford

Exclusion Criteria:

* Advanced renal failure
* Advanced heart disease
* Diagnosis of major psychological disorder or mental condition
* Limb amputation(s) that prevent following study's exercise recommendations
* Any other health condition that prevents individual from consuming all their meals orally

Answer: C