Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of a Combination of Varenicline and Transdermal Nicotine Patch on Post-quitting Urges to Smoke
Brief Summary: Varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) are both effective smoking cessation treatments. Anecdotally smokers who are finding their quit attempt difficult have reported benefiting from adding NRT to varenicline. This proof-of-principle placebo-controlled double-blind study will examine whether combining NRT and varenicline provides better withdrawal and craving relief than varenicline alone. A total of 120 smokers would be randomised to receive varenicline +15mg/16hr patch or varenicline + placebo patch. All participants will receive standard NHS Stop Smoking Service support. The primary outcome would be ratings of craving and withdrawal discomfort 24 hours and one week after the target quit date.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects must have smoked an average of at least ten cigarettes per day during the past year
* No period of abstinence greater than three months in the past year

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects with history of clinically significant cardiovascular disease
* Subjects with uncontrolled hypertension.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 14 to 17 years of age
* Smoked at least 6 cigarettes per day
* Exhaled CO greater than or equal to 10 ppm
* Made at least two previous quit attempts
* Weighed at least 90 pounds
* Able to read English at least the 6th grade level
* Motivated to quit smoking as evidenced by willingness to commit to study protocol requirements for the duration of the study
* provided active parental consent and youth assent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current use of tobacco products other than cigarettes, unless willing to abstain from these products for the study duration
* Current use of other treatments for smoking cessation
* History or current diagnosis of panic disorder, psychosis, bipolar disorder, or eating disorder
* History of abuse or dependence on alcohol or other recreational or prescription drugs in the three months preceding the study
* Current evidence of clinical depression or Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
* Use of any psychoactive drug and/or any type of antidepressant with in four weeks of the treatment phase of the study
* Predisposition to seizure or tic disorders or a personal history of a seizure disorder, family history of seizure disorders, or treatment with medication or therapies that increase the risk of seizures
* Significant history of or current clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease
* (Females)Pregnancy (urine pregnancy test), lactation or, if sexually active, unwillingness to use a medically acceptable form of contraception for the duration of the study
* Only one member of a household was allowed to participate in the study concurrently.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult dental patient presenting for an exam visit whose most recent history reports the patient is a smoker. Patients had to agree to the phone survey.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Research opt out list
* Patients who discontinued the survey prior to completion(considered withdrawals)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Smokers seeking treatment
* Aged 18 and over
* Consenting to take part in the trial

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant or breastfeeding
* End-stage renal disease
* Unable to fill in questionnaires in English
* Previous allergy to Varenicline
* Previous allergy to Nicotine Patches Previous allergy to varenicline

Answer: D