Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Investigating the Effect of Intra-operative Infiltration With Local Anaesthesia on the Development of Chronic Postoperative Pain After Inguinal Hernia Repair. A Randomized Placebo Controlled Triple Blinded and Group Sequential Study Design
Brief Summary: The effect of intraoperative infiltration of the operation site with bupivacain on the development of chronic pain is the object of our trial. We hypothesize that the occurrence of chronic pain in the goup of patients receiving the infiltration will be 50% less than in the placebo group receiving normal saline. The study is a randomized controlled triple blinded trial with a sequential study design.


Options:
A: Inclusion criteria:

* Age 45-75 years
* Undergoing thoracotomy (lobectomy, segmentectomy, wedge resection)

Exclusion criteria:

* Undergoing chest wall resection, gastroesophageal surgery
* Enrolled in another post-thoracotomy analgesic research protocol
* Pre-existing pain syndrome
* Current gabapentin or pregabalin therapy
* Inability to understand the study protocol
* Coagulopathy
* Current use of anticoagulants
* Allergy to medications on protocol
* Creatinine \>1.3
* Moderate or severe aortic stenosis
* Severe psychological disorders
* Bacteremia, osteomyelitis, or infection at site of thoracic epidural placement
* History of previous thoracotomy
* Patient declines preoperative epidural catheter placement
* Prisoners or other institutionalized individuals
* Severe hepatic, renal or cardiovascular disorders
* Women who can become pregnant
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult patients (≥ 18 years) with primary or recurrent single or double sided symptomatic but not incarcerated inguinal hernias with an elective hernia repair are included.
* No other interventions (i.e. umbilical hernia) are allowed.
* Written informed consent needs to be obtained.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with legal incompetence,
* Pregnant and nursing women,
* Patients with presence or history of active malignancy or systemic diseases,
* Under immunosuppressive treatment,
* With systemic or severe local inflammation or infection,
* With wound healing disorders and with physical or mental incapacity, which makes it impossible to obtain informed consent are excluded.
* As pacemakers interfere with the electrical stimulation of the Pain Matcher® and vice versa patients with pacemakers or other implanted electrical devices were also excluded.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age \>18, Visual Analog. Scale (VAS) pain score \>70mm which was frequent or continuous one week before scheduled major (above or below knee) amputation, and patient consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* No written patient consent
* Age \< 18 years
* Age \> 82 years
* Antiplatelet medication
* Mental status not acceptable
* Exclusion criteria were age \>85
* Emergency amputation
* Ipsilateral re-amputation
* Foot or toe amputation
* Inability to complete a detailed pain questionnaire
* History of chronic pain or substance abuse
* Active psychiatric disease requiring treatment
* Any contraindication to epidural catheter placement (anticoagulation, anti-platelet medications, previous lumbar spine surgery).
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients scheduled for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty
* Aged 20-80 yrs.
* ASA physical status I-III and mobility indicating normal postoperative mobilization

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known allergy or intolerance to one of the study drugs
* Serious liver-, heart- or renal decease
* Rheumatoid arthritis
* Chronic pain or bleeding disorder

Answer: B