Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Efficacy of the Respiratory Rehabilitation Exercise Training Package in Hospitalized Elderly Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: Randomized Control Trial
Brief Summary: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial was to evaluate the effects of a respiratory rehabilitation exercise training package on dyspnea, cough, exercise tolerance, and sputum expectoration of hospitalized elderly patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD). Using purposive sampling, 61 participants were recruited and randomly assigned to either the experimental group (n = 30) or the control group (n = 31). The experimental group participants received the respiratory rehabilitation exercise training twice a day and 10-30 minutes per session for four days. The control group participants received usual care and health education. Data were collected at baseline and at the end of the four-day intervention.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* All patients admitted to King's College Hospital with a clinical diagnosis of acute exacerbation of COPD. Patients with radiological and microbiological evidence of pneumonia with co-existing COPD will also be included.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Significant co-morbidity that could limit exercise training \& testing: Patients unable to walk due to a comorbid neuromuscular or rheumatological condition; patients with severe sensory and cognitive impairment; patients with unstable angina or aortic valve disease in which exercise could be dangerous.
* Attendance at a pulmonary rehabilitation programme in the preceding year.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients who are admitted to the Prince of Wales Hospital with AECOPD will be screened for this study.
* Patients with age over 40 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with asthma
* Patients unable to provide informed consent
C: Inclusion criteria:

1. diagnosed with moderate COPD with moderate acute exacerbation
2. over 65 years of age
3. conscious clear
4. with shortness of breath or dyspnea that was not caused by heart disease, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema
5. had received bronchodilator aerosol therapy or antibiotic treatment, but had not been treated with an antitussive

Exclusion Criteria:

1. unstable vital signs
2. blood oxygen concentration lower than 90%
3. unstable psychological status, hemoptysis, pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, or using the respirator
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients must be ≥40 years old
* Clinical diagnosis of COPD or pulmonary function testing reflecting an FEV1/FVC ratio of \<0.70
* Current or previous smoker with at least 10 pack-years of cigarette smoking
* Recently hospitalized for an exacerbation of COPD

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a high likelihood of being lost to follow-up or contact (patients with active chemical dependency, are planning to move out of the state, are not living in the healthcare area, or have no telephone at home).
* Patents with characteristics that can confound the analysis of the primary outcome (patients who are living in a nursing home, have unresectable lung cancer, or have another advanced neoplasm).
* Patients with an inability to provide good data or follow commands (patients who are disoriented, have a severe neurologic or psychiatric condition).
* Patients with an inability to do mild exercise, such as cycling or walking, when their COPD is stable (patients who have orthopedic-neurologic problems; patients who have severe heart failure, characterized by an ejection fraction of \<20% or by New York Heart Association Class IV disease; patients who should be at complete rest, confined to a bed or chair; or patients in whom any physical activity brings on discomfort and in whom symptoms occur at rest).

Answer: C