Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Impact of Self-Monitoring Technology and Interventionist Contact on Weight Loss
Brief Summary: Despite continued research on effective interventions, obesity remains a major public health issue in the United States. Current treatments, including behavioral weight management programs, weight loss surgery, and pharmacotherapy, tend to be high in cost and have limited reach, reducing the ability of these treatments to address the population-wide scope of the obesity epidemic. Recent advances in technology that improve the ease of self-monitoring and provide targeted feedback offer promise to help larger groups of individuals to lose weight. Despite the commercial popularity of these products, however, little research has been conducted to evaluate their impact on excess body weight or to determine how they should ideally be implemented. Two key questions need to be addressed. First, is use of self-monitoring technology sufficient to produce weight loss, or must this technology be combined with interventionist contact? Second, how cost-effective is a technology-based intervention, with and without interventionist contact? The current study is small prospective, randomized pilot study comparing a self-guided self-monitoring condition (SC) to a technology only condition (TECH) and a technology plus interventionist support condition (TECH+INT). All participants will all be given basic weight management information knowledge and randomized to one of three conditions. Participants in the self-guided self-monitoring condition (SC) will receive traditional paper self-monitoring logs, a standard body weight scale, and a pedometer and calorie book; participants in the technology-based condition (TECH) will receive an electronic activity monitor and WiFi-enabled body weight scale, and will track caloric intake via an associated website; and participants in the interventionist contact condition (TECH+INT) will receive the same technology as in the TECH condition, combined with weekly interventionist contact delivered via telephone. We will compare the impact of each condition on weight loss and investigate preliminary cost-effectiveness.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* All patients must be under the care of medical specialists who adheres to national guidelines for morbid obesity or pre-diabetic conditions.
* Age older than 18 years.
* Body max index (BMI): ≥ 30 mg/m2.
* Pre-diabetic condition following ADA criteria: fasting plasma glucose level from 5.6mmol/L (100 mg/dL) to 6.9mmol/L (125 mg/dL).
* Patients must be able to participate, understand and complete questionnaires in Spanish language.
* Patients must refer to be used to use multimedia platforms such as PDAs, tablets, laptops, smart phones or personal computers in a regular basis.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any mental (e.g. cognitive impairment, severe psychopathology not stabilized) or physical condition that could interfere with the successful application of the research protocol.
* Patients will be recruited from specialist outpatient consultation at Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR). All patients must be under the care of specialists who adhere to national guidelines.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18-64
* Living in the State of California
* Body mass index (BMI) 27-43
* Must speak, read, and comprehend English
* Access to reliable internet and wi-fi
* Must have a valid email address and phone number
* Must have an Apple iPhone (iPhone 7 or later, iOS 11 or later) with cellular data plan
* Must have a kitchen and be willing to cook
* Willingness to reduce carbohydrate intake to less than 30g/day
* Willingness to restrict intake of added sugar, bread, grain, rice, pasta, sweets, most fruits, pastries, and other carbohydrates
* Willingness to comply with a strict diet for 12 months
* Willingness to eat a diet that is primarily plant and fish-based
* Interest in losing weight

Exclusion Criteria:

* HIV or immunocompromised
* Current or past cancer diagnosis
* Pregnant, breastfeeding, or planned pregnancy in next 12 months
* Beginning or ending hormonal contraception in next 12 months
* Current diagnosis of diabetes
* History of heart attack or stent
* Currently taking glucose-lowering drugs, statins, or oral steroids
* History of gastric bypass surgery or any other weight-loss surgery
* History of anorexia or bulimia
* History of mental illness
* Current smoker or smoked cigarettes within past 12 months
* Currently eating fewer than 50 g carbohydrates per day
* Have tried a low-carb, high fat (ketogenic diet) within the past 3 months
* Recent weight loss or gain of more than 5% body weight in past 6 months
* Previous experience with the Weight Watchers diet app
* Experience with a low-carbohydrate of ketogenic diet within past 6 months
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age between 18 and 70
* BMI between 27 and 40 kg/m2
* Access to a computer and WIFI in the home

Exclusion Criteria:

* Weight over 340 lbs
* Physical limitations that prevent walking 1/4 mile without stopping
* Currently participating in another weight loss program or taking weight loss medication
* Currently pregnant, lactating, less than 6-months post-partum, or plans to become pregnant during the 6-month study period
* Uncontrolled hypertension or diabetes
* History of coronary heart disease
* Terminal Illness
* Plans to relocate during the 6-month study period
* Substance Abuse
* Severe psychiatric disorders
* Dementia
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Having a IMC \>25,
* Being sedentary and
* Have not been submitted to a restrictive diet in the 6 months preceding this study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Suffered from type 2 diabetes or renal conditions
* Being pregnancy or attempt at pregnancy,
* Being in a maternal lactation period,
* Being underage
* Undergoing antidepressant pharmacological treatment

Answer: C