Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Comparison of Medication Adherence Between Once Daily Tacrolimus (Advagraf®) and Twice Daily Tacrolimus (Prograf®) Administration in Stable Renal Transplant Recipients - a Randomized Study
Brief Summary: A critical aspect of real-world functioning following kidney transplantation involves how adherent individuals are to their medication regimens. Regardless of the possible dangers of failing to adhere to anti-rejection medications, such as increased graft rejection, studies have reported rates of non-adherence at almost 50% following renal transplant.

The Cognitive Aging Laboratory under the direction of Dr. Wendy Thornton, at Simon Fraser University, has previously identified relationships between several potentially important cognitive and psychosocial variables, and self-reported medication adherence in renal transplant recipients, including depressive symptoms, as well as everyday and traditional cognitive functioning \[4\]. The possibility that changes in dosing regimens for a given medication may have an additional impact on medication adherence presents an important issue worth further exploration.

The current study will allow for more thorough delineation of the roles of psychosocial and cognitive predictors of adherence with state-of-the-art monitoring techniques. In addition, the investigators will assess whether different dosing formulations of tacrolimus impact adherence behaviors in renal transplant recipients.

The proposed research has two primary aims to examine:

1. To examine the role of cognitive and psychosocial variables in predicting medication adherence in renal transplant recipients.
2. To examine whether different formulations of tacrolimus (once per day dosing versus twice per day dosing) will impact medication adherence in renal transplant recipients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients who underwent renal transplantation aged ≥18 years old,
* who signed the informed consent,
* who underwent follow-up post transplant clinic at the Hospital do Rim for 3 months,
* receiving immunosuppressive drugs tacrolimus, prednisone and sodium mycophenolate or tacrolimus, azathioprine, and prednisone.

Exclusion Criteria:

* were patients who underwent second kidney transplant,
* which did not follow the Hospital do Rim after transplant and who were participating in some other study with pharmaceutical intervention.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 1) age 21 or older
* 2) 5 weeks to 24 months post kidney transplant
* 3) English speaking
* 4) primarily responsible for administering own medication
* 5) owns a cell phone and comfortable receiving text messages
* 6) has access to and proficiency using internet in home

Exclusion Criteria:

* any severe, uncorrectable vision, hearing or cognitive impairments
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* a minimum of one year post renal transplant with a successful kidney graft and stable renal function (estimated glomerular filtration rate \[GFR (glomerular filtration rate)\] above 25 ml/minute per 1.73 m2).
* currently prescribed tacrolimus
* able to swallow pills
* a minimum of grade six education
* fluent in the English language.

Exclusion Criteria:

* refusal to or inability to give written informed consent.
* any visual, hearing or other sensory/motor impairments which may interfere with the testing procedures.
* have had a stroke determined to be of significant severity
* have had a head injury determined to be of significant severity
* have a current psychiatric diagnosis determined to be of significant severity
* have the presence of an acute illness (e.g., metastatic cancer), neurological disease, and other major organ failure (e.g., end stage liver disease)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Males or females age 14 to 23 years
* Greater than one year post kidney, heart or liver transplant
* Able to speak and read in English
* Willing and able to provide informed consent or assent
* Parental guardian permission (informed consent) if appropriate

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unwilling to participate
* Unable to speak or read in English
* Unable to provide informed assent or consent
* Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 20 ml/min/1.73m\^2
* On dialysis
* Less than three months post transplant
* Post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease

Answer: C