Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Prospective Cohort Study With 52 Weeks Follow-up Investigating the Influence of Disease Perception on Functional Outcome Among Patients Referred From General Practice to Secondary Care for Treatment of Low Back Pain.
Brief Summary: The main purpose of the study is to investigate the importance of patients' beliefs regarding staying active despite low back pain, among patients referred from general practice to secondary care treatment in Denmark. It is hypothesised that patients believing that staying active will help them recover will have higher odds of a 30%-improvement in The Roland Morris Disability score after 52 weeks compared to patients disagreeing that staying active will lead to better recovery.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adolescents/young adults aged 11-21 years
* Physician diagnosis of CKD stage 1-4
* Currently prescribed an antihypertensive medication and anticipate staying on an antihypertensive through the study duration (switching medication classes is permitted)
* Must have daily access to a Wi-Fi-enabled electronic device (e.g. iOS, Android 4.2 or higher, phone, tablet, computer) to receive private health information.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Adolescents/young adults who are on dialysis or had a kidney transplant
* Sibling participating in the study, unable to comprehend spoken English
* Cognitive delay precluding completion of study procedures
* And prescribed a liquid form of an antihypertensive medication (cannot be monitored).
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Falls Prevention (FP) All patients who are 60 years and above, who live in community, and who have a history of falls in the past 12 months or who are potential fallers (e.g. co-existing chronic disease, have lower limb weakness or decrease in mobility) are eligible to be recruited to the FP clinic.
2. Continence Care (CC) Patients who are \>18 years old, living in the community reporting bladder or bowel problems,lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS), constipation, and/or faecal incontinence are eligible to be recruited to the CC clinic.
3. Mental Wellness (MW) Patients who are \>18 years old presenting with mild psychological health problems or who are having difficulty with coping with everyday life demands will be eligible to be recruited to the MW clinic.
4. Wound Care (WC) Patients who are \>18 years old who are receiving regular wound care in the GOPC and have hard-to-heal or complicated wounds will be recruited to the WC clinic.
5. Respiratory Disease Management (respiratory clinic) Patients aged 40 years or above who are either current smokers or ex-smokers with respiratory symptoms or who are known to have Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are eligible to be recruited to the respiratory clinic.
6. Medication Management and Compliance Clinic (MMCC) Patients who have chronic disease with poor or questionable drug compliance, or who are on multiple medication (polypharmacy), or who are using medications or pharmaceutical devices that warrant special attention are eligible to be recruited to the MMCC programme.

Exclusion Criteria:

Continence Care (CC) Patients who live in residential care facilities will be excluded.

Mental Wellness (MW) Patients will be excluded if they live in a residential facility or have immediate psychiatric risk.

Respiratory Disease Management (respiratory clinic) Patients will be excluded if they have shortness of breath due to ischaemic heart disease or have respiratory symptoms due to infectious lung diseases.

In all programmes:

Patients will be excluded if they are unable to understand or communicate in Chinese language,or if they refuse to give consent.

In-depth study of NAHC CC programme:

NAHC participants: all new patients with LUTS. Patients will be excluded if they are unable to understand or communicate in Chinese language,or if they refuse to give consent.

Control: a modified The International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire-Urinary Incontinence Short Form questionnaire is used to screen for patient eligibility in general-outpatient clinics. Patients will be excluded if they are aged \< 18 years, could not understand Cantonese, refuse to participate, or are too ill to give consent. Patients are also excluded if they have received any service from a nurse-led primary care clinic or a specialist clinic within the past one year for his/her LUTS.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Low back pain (with or without sciatica) as the dominant musculoskeletal complaint
* 18 years or older

Exclusion Criteria:

* Spinal fractures
* Malignancy
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 6-24
* Own and use either an iPhone or Android smartphone
* Access to US Apple App Store or US GooglePlayStore

Exclusion Criteria:

* N/A

Answer: C