Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Two-Treatment, Crossover Study to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of Eurand Pancreatic Enzyme Product (PEP) in Patients With Cystic Fibrosis and Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency
Brief Summary: The primary efficacy objective of this study is to compare the coefficient of fat absorption (CFA) following oral administration of Aptalis Pharma's (formerly Eurand Pharmaceuticals) pancreatic enzyme product (PEP) capsules and placebo in participants with cystic fibrosis (CF) and exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants with age greater than or equal to (\>=) 7 years at the time of enrollment
* Participants with weight 70 kg or less and be in an adequate nutritional status as indicated by a body mass index (BMI) \>=20 kg/m\^2 for ages 18 and above, or a BMI above the twenty fifth percentile for participants aged 7 to 17 years
* Participants with confirmed diagnosis of CF who have 2 clinical features consistent with CF, and have either a genotype with 2 identifiable mutations consistent with CF or a sweat chloride concentration that is more than 60 milliequivalent per liter by quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis
* Participants with confirmed diagnosis of EPI who are currently receiving treatment with a commercially available PEP and have documented with a fecal elastase of \<100 microgram per gram stool (if no documentation was available, a stool sample was taken at Screening for determination of fecal elastase).
* Clinically stable participants with no evidence of acute respiratory disease or any other acute condition
* Participants who are willing and able to interrupt current CF treatment for CF-related malabsorption along with any medications that may affect gastric motility or stomach power of hydrogen (pH)
* Participants 18 years of age and older had to a) understand the requirements of the study, b) provide written informed consent, c) agree to abide by the study restrictions, and d) return for the required assessments
* Participants 7 to 17 years of age must have a parent(s) or legal guardian who provides written informed consent, agree to abide by the study restrictions
* Females participants of childbearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test at screening and must agree to use adequate birth control during the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Participants with fibrosing colonopathy, hyperuricemia or hyperuricosuria
* Participants who are allergic to pork or other porcine PEPs
* Participants with forced expiratory volume (FEV1) \<30 percent of predicted FEV1 at screening
* Participants with any acute systemic administration of an antibiotic for any reason in the previous 4 weeks; however, a low stable dose of an antibiotic or chronic treatment with an inhalatory antibiotic is allowed
* Participants with hepatic insufficiency as defined by history or presence of ascites or serum albumin level of \< 3.0 milligram/deciliter, or a coagulopathy with an international normalized ratio that is greater than 1.7
* Participants who have used an acute dose of any steroid in the previous 2 weeks; however, low chronic doses of a steroid is allowed
* Participants with history of or current diagnosis of distal ileal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) as evidenced or suggested by constipation, abdominal pain, anorexia, early satiety, recurrent vomiting, and palpable fecal mass on physical examination (the absence of DIOS will be confirmed by an X-ray of the abdomen taken at screening)
* Participants with any solid organ transplant or surgery affecting the bowel. Participants with a history of appendectomy and inguinal (non-incarcerated) hernioplasty or meconium ileus without the need for bowel resection could be enrolled. Gastrointestinal-tube-fed patients, in absence of dumping syndrome, were also eligible
* Participants with history of or current screening evaluation of hyperglycemia as defined by an 8-hour fasting blood glucose (FBG) of \>126 mg/dL, or of CF-related diabetes as determined according to the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation (CFF) Consensus Conference of January 1999 (Section IX Part II), that is: a) FBG \>126 mg/dL (7.0 millimoles per liter \[mmol/L\]) on two or more occasions b)FBG \>126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L) plus casual (without regard to time of day or last meal consumed) glucose level \>200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) c)Casual (previously called random) glucose levels \>200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) on two or more occasions with symptoms
* Participants using an enzyme preparation in excess of 10,000-lipase units/kg/day
* Participants using an immunosuppressive drug
* Participants who are expecting an inability to tolerate the washout period and/or the placebo treatment
* Participants participating in an investigational study of a drug, biologic, or device not currently approved for marketing, within 30 days of screening visit
* Female participants who are pregnant or breastfeeding, or unwilling to use effective birth control during study
* Participants with any condition that would, in the investigator's opinion, limit the participant's ability to complete the study
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* CF as diagnosed by:

  1. Documented sweat chloride greater than or equal to 60 mEq/L by quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis test; or
  2. Two well-characterized genetic mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene; or
  3. Abnormal nasal potential difference with accompanying symptoms characteristic of CF.
* PA present in expectorated sputum or throat swab culture at Screening.
* Participants must have received three or more courses of TIS within the previous 12 months.
* Participants on chronic azithromycin must have had no change in regimen in the previous 3 months and must have had a need for TIS and/or additional antipseudomonal therapy since initiation of azithromycin.
* Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) between (and including) 25% and 75% predicted at Screening.
* Ability to perform reproducible pulmonary function tests.
* Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) greater than or equal to 90% on room air at Screening.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current use of oral corticosteroids in doses exceeding the equivalent of 10 mg prednisone a day or 20 mg prednisone every other day.
* History of sputum or throat culture swab yielding Burkholderia cepacia in the past 2 years.
* History of daily continuous oxygen supplementation or requirement for more than 2 liters/minute at night.
* Administration of any investigational drug or device within 28 days of Screening (Visit 1) or within 6 half-lives of the investigational drug (whichever was longer).
* Known local or systemic hypersensitivity to monobactam antibiotics.
* Inability to tolerate inhalation of a short acting Beta-2 agonist.
* Changes in antimicrobial, bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, or corticosteroid medications within 7 days before Screening or between Screening and the next visit.
* Changes in physiotherapy technique or schedule within 7 days before Screening or between Screening and the next visit.
* History of lung transplantation.
* A chest X-ray indicating abnormal findings at Screening or within the previous 90 days.
* Abnormal renal or hepatic function or serum chemistry at Screening (aspartate aminotransferase \[AST\], alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\] greater than 5 times the upper limit of normal range; Creatinine greater than 2 times the upper limit of normal range).
* Positive pregnancy test at Screening.
* Female of childbearing potential who was lactating or in the opinion of the investigator was not practicing acceptable birth control.
* Any serious or active medical or psychiatric illness, which in the opinion of the investigator would have interfered with participant treatment, assessment, or compliance with the protocol.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of Cystic Fibrosis based on presentation, genotype and/or sweat chloride
* Fecal elastase \<100 mcg/g stool
* Minimum Coefficient of Fat (CFA) at screening while on stable PERT therapy
* Good nutritional status

Exclusion Criteria:

* History or diagnosis of fibrosing colonopathy
* Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome in 6 months prior to screening
* Receiving enteral tube feedings
* Chronic diarrheal illness unrelated to pancreatic insufficiency
* Liver abnormalities, or liver or lung transplant, or significant bowel resection
* Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) \<30%
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Females of childbearing potential must be willing to use birth control
* Diagnosis of CF based upon the following criteria:

  * two clinical features consistent with CF; and

    * either genotype with two identifiable mutations consistent with CF, OR
    * sweat chloride \>60 mEq/L by quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis
* Clinically stable with no evidence of acute upper or lower respiratory tract infection
* PI determined by fecal elastase \<100 µg/g stool measured at screening
* Able to take pancreatic enzyme supplementation in the form of capsules
* Able to perform the testing (e.g., stool collections) and inpatient stays required for this study, as judged by the Investigator
* Baseline coefficient of fat absorption (CFA) less than or equal to 80%

Exclusion Criteria:

* CFA \>80% at Baseline
* Pregnancy, breastfeeding or of childbearing potential and not willing to use birth control during the study
* History of fibrosing colonopathy
* History of liver transplant, lung transplant or significant surgical resection of the bowel
* Any acute or chronic diarrheal illness unrelated to PI
* Unable to discontinue enteral tube feedings during the study
* Known hypersensitivity to food additives
* Inability to consume the diet required by the study, in the judgment of the Investigator
* Participation in an investigational study of a drug, biologic, or device not currently approved for marketing within 30 days prior to screening
* Abnormal liver function (except for patients with Gilbert Syndrome)
* Signs and/or symptoms of liver cirrhosis, portal hypertension or documented liver disease unrelated to CF
* Distal intestinal obstruction syndrome (DIOS) in the last six months prior to screening
* Unable to discontinue the use of pancreatic enzymes
* Any condition that the Investigator believes would interfere with the intent of this study or would make participation not in the best interest of the patient
* Patient is unlikely to complete the study, as determined by the Investigator

Answer: A