Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Gender Differences in the Development and Prognosis of Coronary Disease Where Initial Disease Manifestation is Stable Angina, Myocardial Infarction or Unheralded Coronary Death: A CALIBER Study Using Linked GPRD-MINAP Data
Brief Summary: The initial manifestation of symptomatic coronary disease can range from angina (or symptoms of angina), unheralded acute coronary syndrome (ACS), or unheralded coronary death. A better understanding of gender differences in initial presentation of coronary disease and the rate and predictors of progression to subsequent stages in coronary disease could help to identify which gender- specific factors might reduce or slow transition to more serious disease states and improve outcomes. The investigators' research focuses on the role primary care management of cardiovascular risk factors plays in gender differences in the progression to subsequent disease states and to mortality.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Men and women aged ≥50 years;
2. Diabetes defined as:

   * A self-reported previous diagnosis by health care professionals and taking anti-diabetic medications;
   * Fasting plasma glucose level of ≥126 mg/dL (7.0 mmol/L). Fasting is defined as no caloric intake for at least 8 hours;
   * 2-hour plasma glucose level of ≥200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) during an oral glucose tolerance test. The test should be performed using a glucose load containing the equivalent of 75 g anhydrous glucose dissolved in water; or
   * HbA1c concentration of ≥6.5% (48 mmol/mol);
3. Systolic blood pressure

   -≥140 mmHg on 0 medication;
   * 130-180 mmHg on 1 medication;
   * 130-170 mmHg on up to 2 medications;
   * 130-160 mmHg on up to 3 medications; or
   * 130-150 mmHg on up to 4 medications;
4. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease (one or more of the following):

   * Previous history of clinical CVD (≥ 3 months)
   * Subclinical CVD within 3 years
   * 2 or more CVD risk factors
   * Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) 30-59 ml/min/1.73 m2

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History consistent with type 1 diabetes
2. Known secondary cause of hypertension
3. One minute standing systolic BP \<110 mmHg
4. Arm circumference too large to allow accurate blood pressure measurement with available devices
5. Cardiovascular event or procedure or hospitalization for unstable angina within the past 3 months
6. Symptomatic heart failure within the past 6 months or left ventricular ejection fraction (by any method) \<35% within the past 6 months
7. ALT or AST levels more than twice the upper limit of the normal range or active liver diseases
8. Dialysis, kidney transplantation, eGFR \<30 ml/min/1.73 m2, or serum creatinine \>2.0 mg/dl
9. Proteinuria
10. Previous diagnosis of polycystic kidney disease or glomerulonephritis
11. A medical condition likely to limit survival to less than 5 years
12. Any factors judged by the clinic team to be likely to limit adherence to interventions
13. Failure to obtain informed consent from participant
14. Currently participating in another intervention study
15. Currently living with another BPROAD participant
16. Pregnancy, currently trying to become pregnant, or of child-bearing potential and not using birth control
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Documented systolic blood pressure greater than or equal to 130 mmHg
* Undergoing planned catheter ablation for persistent AF (lasting \> 7 days and \< 365 days or requiring electrical or chemical cardioversion) OR High burden paroxysmal AF \> 6 months (greater than or equal to 3 symptomatic episdes in past 6 months and refractory or inteolerant to at least 1 class 1 or 3 antiarrhythmic)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Permanent atrial fibrillation
* Contraindication to Accupril or any other ACE-I
* Women of child-bearing potential
* Life expectancy less than 1 year
* Less than 18 years of age
* Unable to give informed consent
* Known moderate to several renal dysfunction (eGFR \< 30 ml/min/1.73m2)
* Prior AF catheter ablation
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male or female aged ≥ 19 years and \< 80 years
2. Diagnosis of mild-moderate AS or mild-moderate AR
3. Applicable to 2.0\~3.9 m/s of aortic jet velocity for mild-moderate AS or to 0.2\~0.6 cm of Vena contracta for mild-moderate AR
4. Diagnosis of hypertension (SBP \> 130 mmHg if being treated or SBP \> 140 mmHg if being untreated)
5. For females of childbearing potential; negative pregnancy test results during the screening period and prior to administration of the investigational product, and agreement on use of medically allowable contraceptive measures (condom, oral contraceptive pills, injectable or implantable contraceptives, intrauterine devices, birth control patches, etc.) during the study period
6. Voluntary written consent to taking part in the clinical study and willingness to comply with requirements of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

1. History of a cardiac valve replacement surgery (replacement surgery of mitral valve, aortic valve or tricuspid valve)
2. Accompanied by severe mitral regurgitation
3. Admitted to needing a surgery by the current treatment guidelines
4. Accompanied by symptoms such as angina pectoris, exertional dyspnea, syncope, etc.
5. \< 50% of left ventricular ejection fraction
6. History of hypersensitivity reaction to active ingredients of the investigational product (Amlodipine, Losartan and Chlorthalidone), dihydropyridine derivatives, thiazide drugs and other sulfonamide derivatives or their compositions
7. Pregnant or breastfeeding
8. Symptomatic orthostatic hypotension
9. Severe liver failure or renal failure (\< 30 mL/min of creatinine clearance)
10. Hereditary angioedema or history of angioedema at treatment with ACE inhibitors or angiotensin II receptor blockers
11. Primary hyperaldosteronism
12. Genetic problems such as galactose intolerance, Lapp Lapp lactase deficiency or glucose-galactose malabsorption
13. Anuria
14. Refractory hypokalemia
15. Hyponatremia or hypercalcemia
16. Symptomatic hyperuricemia (history of gout or uric acid lithiasis)
17. Untreated Addison's disease
18. Appropriately uncontrolled diabetes
19. Congenital or incurable hypertension
20. Diagnosis of severe cerebrovascular disorders (stroke, cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, etc.) within six months prior to the date of ICF obtainment
21. Wasting disease, autoimmune disease or connective tissue disease
22. Diagnosis of malignant tumor within five years prior to the date of ICF obtainment
23. Administration of another investigational product within four weeks prior to the date of ICF obtainment
24. For a patient who is taking anticoagulants and thrombolytic agents; considered difficult to keep a stable dosage/regimen by the investigator.
25. Considered unsuitable to be a subject by the investigator
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* as above

Exclusion Criteria:

* patients with a history of ischaemic heart disease, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease, peripheral arterial disease or congenital coronary anomalies, prior to entry into the cohort
* patients with symptoms of chest pain in the 6 months prior to cohort entry
* patients \< 35 or \>100 years of age after eligibility for entry to the cohort

Answer: D