Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Extended Duration Pharmacotherapy for Prevention of Relapse to Smoking
Brief Summary: Varenicline (Chantix) is a smoking cessation treatment that was approved in 2006 by the FDA for treatment of nicotine dependence and may be particularly beneficial in smokers with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. Early experience with varenicline indicates that it will be effective for smoking cessation in schizophrenia and in addition, has the potential to be therapeutic for cognitive dysfunction in this population. In addition, more data is needed to evaluate the safety, tolerability and effectiveness of Varenicline in people with bipolar disorder.

To assess this possibility, we will evaluate the safety and efficacy of 12 months of varenicline in schizophrenia or bipolar disorder patients who are able to quit smoking in the short term with this treatment. To do so, we will enroll 324 smokers with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder from 6 mental health clinics in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Michigan and Minnesota into an open, 12-week smoking cessation program that includes varenicline added to weekly group cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). Those who achieve at least 2 weeks of continuous abstinence during the last 2 weeks of the open intervention will be randomized to the relapse prevention phase: a 40-week, double blind, placebo-controlled trial of varenicline at the dose used to quit smoking added to a tapering CBT schedule. Participants will then discontinue study medications and behavioral treatment and enter a 3-month follow up phase.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18-80
* Current and regular smoker 5 or more cigarettes per day
* Interested in making a quit attempt in the next 14 days
* Personal phone available

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy or plans to become pregnant in the next year
* Cannot speak English
* Not a union member or employee of specified worksite or immediate family member
* Member of household is currently enrolled in the study
* Not willing to comply with study protocol
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Women and men aged 18-70
* DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or bipolar disorder by diagnostic interview and chart review
* Smoke at least 10 cigarettes per day
* Clinically stable, on a stable dose of antipsychotic (schizophrenia) or mood stabilizer (bipolar) medication for at least 1 month
* No current active suicidal ideation
* Expired air carbon monoxide (CO) concentration \>9 ppm
* Willing to take study medications and set a quit date within 2-3 weeks of beginning treatment and be willing to participate in the relapse prevention and follow-up portions of the study
* Women of childbearing potential must have a negative urine pregnancy test at baseline and agree to use an approved form of contraception during the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* DSM-IV diagnosis of dementia, neurodegenerative disease, or other organic mental disorder
* Substance use disorder other than nicotine or caffeine in the last 6 months
* Major depressive disorder within the last 6 months
* Serious unstable medical illness including, cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, respiratory, endocrine, neurological, or hematological disease such that hospitalization for treatment of that illness is likely within the next 2 months
* Life-threatening arrhythmia or cerebro-vascular event within 6 months, cardiovascular event within 2 months or uncontrolled hypertension
* History of multiple head injuries with neurological sequelae, a single severe head injury with lasting neurological sequelae, or current CNS tumor
* Liver function tests elevated over twice normal
* Renal insufficiency with estimated creatinine clearance \<40 ml/min
* Plan to continue use of tobacco products othe than cigarettes (e.g., cigar, pipe)
* Use of an investigational medication or device in the past 30 days
* Current suicidal or homicidal ideation
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Smoking withdrawal for at least 1 week
* Age more than 18 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Epilepsy
* Psychiatic desease
* Dementia
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Smoking 35 or more cigarettes per week or 5 or more cigarettes per day,
* Smoking for at least 2 years, with no period of abstinence longer than 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Using any smoking cessation drugs or nicotine replacement drugs in the last 3 months,
* Use of medication to treat depression or any psychiatric illness,
* Impaired renal function,
* Unstable medical condition,
* Pregnancy or breast feeding.

Answer: B