Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Improving Early Childhood Development in Zambia
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the impact of a community-based early childhood development (ECD) program on children's physical and cognitive development. Under the program, targeted communities will be assigned a trained Child Development Agent (CDA) who will have four main tasks and responsibilities: 1) biweekly screening and management (including referral) of acute malnutrition in children; 2) encouragement of caregivers to utilize routine care services for children; 3) screening for symptoms of acute diseases including malaria, diarrhea, and pneumonia and referral for diagnosis and treatment; and 4) organization and mentoring of biweekly caregiver meetings to discuss parenting and promote early childhood cognitive stimulation. The investigators will enroll at baseline around 600 children ages 6 - 12 months and their caregivers, and randomize them at the community-level to receive the ECD program or to remain in the control group. The study period will be one year. At end line, the investigators will collect important indicators of child physical and cognitive development to assess program impact. If the program shows both feasibility and impact, there is the potential to integrate program interventions into existing national community-based health initiatives.

Amendment: the study period has been extended for a second year. After a five month gap when no intervention was provided, biweekly (i.e., fortnightly) community-based parenting groups were restarted in intervention clusters. In the second year of the intervention, CDAs no longer visit households.


Options:
A: Arm Label: FSI-ECD; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Family Strengthening Intervention for Early Childhood Development | Arm Label: Control; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: Community Health Worker Routine | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Family Strengthening Intervention for Early Childhood Development; Assigned to Arm(s): FSI-ECD | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Community Health Worker Routine; Assigned to Arm(s): Control
B: Arm Label: Group problem management plus; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Group problem management plus | Arm Label: Enhanced treatment as usual; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Enhanced treatment as usual | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Group problem management plus; Assigned to Arm(s): Group problem management plus | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Enhanced treatment as usual; Assigned to Arm(s): Enhanced treatment as usual
C: Arm Label: Early Childhood Development Program; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Early Childhood Development Program | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Early Childhood Development Program; Assigned to Arm(s): Early Childhood Development Program
D: Arm Label: Intervention (UCT+HE+PS); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Psychosocial stimulation (PS) | Arm Label: Government Intervention (UCT+HE); Type: SHAM_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Government Intervention (UCT+HE) | Arm Label: Comparison; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Psychosocial stimulation (PS); Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention (UCT+HE+PS) | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Government Intervention (UCT+HE); Assigned to Arm(s): Government Intervention (UCT+HE)

Answer: C