Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Bracing in Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis: A Clinical Trial
Brief Summary: Osteoarthritis, sometimes called degenerative joint disease, is the most common form of arthritis. It occurs when the cartilage in joints wears down over time. Symptoms can include pain, tenderness, stiffness, and inflammation. Studies have suggested that symptoms of knee osteoarthritis may be caused by abnormalities at the patellofemoral joint, which is the joint between the kneecap, called the patella, and the thigh bone, called the femur. This study will determine whether wearing a knee brace that realigns the patella over the femur is effective in relieving pain and improving function in adults with knee osteoarthritis.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Knee pain on most days
* Either isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis or mixed patellofemoral and tibiofemoral osteoarthritis, as based on x-ray

Exclusion Criteria:

* Bed- or chair-bound, usually uses an ambulation aid to walk (e.g., cane, crutch, or walker), or uses a wheelchair
* Pain emanating more from the back or hip than from the knee, as determined by screening questionnaire
* Low pain score on the visual analog scale (VAS) (less than 4 out of 10)
* Plans to move from the area within 10 months of study screening
* Symptomatic comorbid disease that limits activities more than knee pain does, as determined by screening questionnaire (e.g., congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
* Receiving corticosteroid injections in the month before study entry, or receiving hyaluronan in the 6-month period before study entry. No other treatments will result in exclusion, although for patients taking glucosamine and/or chondroitin and/or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), they must have taken these treatments for at least 2 months before study entry and must commit to not start a new treatment during the study.
* Bilateral total knee replacements or plans for a total knee replacement of the affected knee in the next 6 months
* Morbidly obese (body mass index greater than 35), as brace fitting and prevention of slippage of the brace will be difficult
* Known other causes of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, psoriatic arthritis, and pseudogout
* Skin breakdown at the site where the brace will be applied
* Failure to pass the run-in test, or the brace falls down the leg during the run-in
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* diagnosed (and radiologically verified) I-III stage knee osteoarthritis, has no contraindications (exclusion criteria) to participate in research, are willing to follow studies protocol and gives informed approval to participate in this research in written form.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Rheumatoid arthritis or other systemic rheumatoid disease (LE, sclerodermia,.. etc)
* Fragile, very sensitive skin or it's lesions in areas where tapes are to be applied
* Inability to do functional tests according study protocol due to very impaired knee function or severe comorbidities.
* Diagnosed or suspected cancer in areas where tapes to be applied
* \< than 6 months after intra-articular injections in knee joint
* Constant usage of analgesic medicament due to comorbidities
* Pregnancy
* History of Kinesio Taping method applications in the past
* Need for orthotics
* Unwillingness not to use local ointments in knee region during participation in study period (i.e. 2 months)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

clinical criteria for the diagnosis of osteoarthritis of the hip (sensitivity 86% and specificity 75%) are:

* Medial hip rotation ≥15º, pain during medial rotation of the hip, morning fatigue in hip\> 60 minutes and older than 50 years or
* Medial hip rotation \<15, hip flexion ≤ 115

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous surgery or hip replacement or knee joint
* Another surgery in the lower extremities performed within 6 months, rheumatoid arthritis
* Uncontrolled hypertension or risk (moderate - high) of cardiac complications during exercise
* Disability unrelated to the hip or knee to prevent the safe participation during exercise, appliance of manual therapy or during march: vision problems affecting mobility, body weight equal to or greater than 155 kg, primary neurogenic disorder or significantly limitation of the lumbar level,advanced osteoporosis with manual therapy or other treatment technique that may interfere with the study
* With inability to understand the instructions and complete the study assessments
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* • Female subjects aged 60 years and over, non-obese (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg / m2), with diagnosis of knee OA according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (Altman et al. , 1986), which are: knee pain most of the day during the last weeks and age greater than 60 years (mandatory criteria), and at least two of the following criteria: stiffness after rest less than 30 minutes, crackle in the affected knee , joint increase of firm consistency, absence of temperature increase and painful hypersensitivity to palpation;

  * Individuals with radiographic signs of degeneration of the knee joint;
  * Individuals with any degree of degeneration according to the Kellgren-Lawrence scale;
  * Individuals with a pain scale above 3 according to NPRS;
  * Stiffness in the knee for at least 6 months prior to screening;
  * Stiffness during the beginning of activities;
  * Intermittent swelling;
  * Never have used KT;
  * Individuals with no history of associated joint disease or systemic rheumatic disease and / or history of surgery in the affected lower limb;
  * Individuals who are not under physiotherapeutic treatment during the intervention;
  * Individuals without neurological, vestibular, visual or auditory deficits that make evaluations impossible.

Exclusion Criteria:

* • Individuals who report pain during the procedure;

  * Individuals who do not complete the treatment time or who do not perform the evaluation procedures correctly, making it impossible to collect any of the data investigated;
  * Individuals with allergy to bandage or cutaneous injury in the region where KT will be applied;
  * Individuals who present hypertensive peak during the evaluations.

Answer: A