Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Metabolic and Molecular Effects of a Mediterranean Diet and Intermittent Fasting
Brief Summary: The purpose of this research study is to evaluate the effects of intermittent fasting in subjects that are eating a Mediterranean diet or a Western diet. This study is part of ongoing research in the prevention and treatment of age-related diseases at Washington University School of Medicine.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. - The participants in this study will be 50 men and women in the 30 to 65 year age range, who have a BMI in the high-normal to moderately overweight range (i.e. 22 to 28 kg/m2),
2. - Participants who are eating usual US diets and are sedentary to moderately active (i.e. not exercise trained).
3. - Participants have at least one of these metabolic abnormalities: pre-hypertension or hypertension (i.e. systolic blood pressure \> 120 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \> 80 mmHg or specific treatment of previously diagnosed hypertension)10, sub-optimal lipid levels (i.e. LDL-cholesterol \> 100 mg/dl or HDL-cholesterol \< 59 mg/dl or specific treatment for this lipid abnormality)11, impaired fasting glucose or glucose intolerance (i.e. fasting glucose \> 100 mg/dl or 2 hr-glucose during OGTT with a glucose load of 75 g \> 140 mg/dl or specific treatment for previously diagnosed type 2 diabetes)12, or high-risk waist circumference (≥ 94 cm in men and ≥ 80 cm in women)13.

Exclusion Criteria:

- 1 - History of any chronic disease process that could interfere with interpretation of results 2 - Smoking, pregnancy, alcoholism, psychiatric problems, life situations that would interfere with study participation and compliance.

3 - Currently eating diet similar to Mediterranean diet based on dietary and food frequency questionnaires and 4-day food diary.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* age \>= 18 years
* recurrence of a histologically confirmed glioblastoma or gliosarcoma
* at least 6 months after first surgery
* at least 6 months after first radiotherapy
* interdisciplinary recommendation for reirradiation
* karnofsky performance status \>= 60, ECOG \<= 2
* creatinine \<= 2,0 mg/dl, urea \<= 100 mg/dl
* ALAT, ASAT \<= 7x upper normal limit

Exclusion Criteria:

* bowel obstruction, subileus
* insulin-dependent diabetes
* decompensated heart failure (NYHA \> 2)
* myocardial infarction within the last 6 months, symptomatic atrial fibrillation
* severe acute infection
* malnutrition, cachexia
* other medical conditions that might increase the risk of the dietary intervention
* pregnancy
* uncontrolled thyroid function
* pancreatic insufficiency
* dementia or other clinically relevant alterations of the mental status which could impair the ability of the patient to apply to the diet or understand the informed consent of the study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants must be diagnosed with relapsing MS.
* Participants must be 18 - 60 years old.
* Participants will need to be experiencing a relapse as identified by their neurologist.
* Participants must have body mass index (BMI) of 23 or higher.
* Participants must not have other ongoing diseases in other systems.

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of any chronic disease process (excluding MS) that could interfere with interpretation of results.
* Use of insulin pumps or insulin injections for diabetes.
* Use of drugs like Warfarin or Coumadin that need to monitor the intake of vegetables containing high levels of vitamin K.
* Patients that are required by a physician to follow a special diet or food restriction (diabetic, gastric bypass, soft/pureed food, etc.)
* Alcoholism, psychiatric problems, life situations that would interfere with study participation and compliance.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Ability to provide informed consent
* Baseline brachial flow-mediated dilation (FMD) \< 6%Δ (rationale: non-invasive screening to ensure exclusion of subjects with exceptionally high baseline endothelial function.
* Ability to perform motor and cognitive tests (e.g., can rise from a chair, walk for 2 min, climb 10 stairs)
* Women will be confirmed as postmenopausal (either natural or surgical) based on cessation of menses for \>1 year.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Ages \<55 years or ≥80 years
* Occupation that requires night-shift work or abnormal hours that would disrupt eating schedule
* Dietary habit of regularly skipping meals, already eating within a \~10 hour window, or any other form of restrictive eating.
* Unable to adhere to an 8 hour eating window for the length of the study period
* Participation in regular vigorous aerobic/endurance exercise (\>3 vigorous bouts/week)
* Not weight stable in the prior 3 months (\>2 kg weight change).
* Body mass index (BMI) \>40 kg/m\^2 (rationale: vascular function measurements can be inaccurate in severely obese subjects)
* Current smoking
* Diagnosis of a chronic clinical disease (e.g., coronary artery/peripheral artery/cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes, chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis, neurological disorders or diseases that may affect motor/cognitive functions \[multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, polio, Alzheimer's disease, dementia or other brain diseases of aging\]), except hypertension and hyperlipidemia.
* Having unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, coronary angioplasty, or aorto- coronary bypass surgery as defined by the occurrence of an event, symptom, surgery, or change in medication and/or dosage within 3 months prior to enrollment.
* Having thyroid disease that is not controlled by medications or \<3 month's use of a particular medication and/or dosage (rationale: uncontrolled thyroid diseases are associated with alterations in vascular function).
* Having past or present alcohol dependence or abuse, as defined by the American Psychiatry Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders

Answer: A