Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Text Message Intervention to Reduce Repeat Self-harm in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department
Brief Summary: Between 6% and 30% of people who harm themselves repeat this self-harm within the following 12 months. The investigators know that people who harm themselves are much more likely to commit suicide, but the investigators have no clear evidence about the best way to reduce the likelihood of someone harming themselves again.

Text messaging is now a common form of communication. Previous research has shown us that the investigators can use text messages for different types of health care interventions. Examples of this include reminding patients of medical appointments, delivering test results, to check patient side effects following treatment and to reduce depressive symptoms in patients with depression and alcohol problems. The Samaritans have introduced interactive text messages (where you can have a conversation by text with their service) and have noted an increasing use of this contact with their service.

This research study is taking place to find out if using supportive and interactive text messages can reduce further episodes of self-harm in patients who present to the Emergency Department (ED) with self-harm.

The investigators hypothesize that supportive, informative and interactive text messages delivered to patients discharged from an ED after an episode of self-harm will significantly reduce the frequency and intensity of thoughts of self-harm and self-harming behaviour in patients compared with those receiving only follow-up treatment as usual. A secondary hypothesis is that patients receiving the text messages will report a favourable experience and an overall satisfaction with the system.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* An episode of self harm within 48 hours before being admitted at the department;

  * age of 16 to 64 years;
  * Resident in the trial site catchments area,
  * Ability to complete a baseline assessment;
  * Ability to provide at least 2 verifiable contacts to improve tracking for subsequent assessments; and ability to understand and provide informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* • A medical disorder that would prevent participation in an outpatient clinical trial.

  * Temporary resident unlikely to be available for follow up.
  * Diagnosis of Alcohol and other drug dependence, schizophrenia or Bipolar Disorders.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Self-harm behaviour in the past 6 months
* In receipt of treatment from local Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
* Competent and willing to provide written, informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe learning disability or pervasive developmental disorder
* Acute psychotic episode
* Eating disorder in the absence of self-harm.
* Non-English speaking
* Current involvement in other ongoing treatment research
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* All patients 18 years and over, presenting to the ED with self-harm.
* All patients should have a mobile phone, be familiar with text messaging technology and be willing to take part in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who do not consent to take part in the study.
* Patients who do not have a mobile phone or are unable to use the mobile text message technology.
* Patients who are admitted as a psychiatric inpatient following the assessment in the ED or those who require admission to a medical ward for longer than 48 hours.
* Patients who would be unavailable for follow-up during the study period.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. 18 years or older.
2. Suicide attempt within the past 60 days defined by intent to die using a standard item.
3. Ability and willingness to provide information and permission to contact at least one person in the case of a need to contact them to promote subject safety or inability to reach the subject for follow-up.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Acute psychiatric instability (e.g., psychotic symptoms).
2. Inability to communicate in English (ASSIP is only provided by the clinic in English).
3. Residing outside of NYS (during the period eligible for ASSIP)

Answer: C