Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Families Improving Together (FIT) for Weight Loss
Brief Summary: The increasing rate of obesity has become a major public health concern with national reports indicating 40% of African American adolescents are now overweight/obese. Little is known about effective weight loss interventions in ethnic minority adolescents. However, research has shown that ethnic minorities attend fewer intervention sessions, have higher attrition rates and lose less weight compared to Caucasians. Two fundamental problems related to this lack of progress are 1) lack of appropriate content of weight loss interventions for African American adolescents that integrate cultural issues, parenting skills, and motivational strategies for long-term change and, 2) poor dose of weight loss interventions because of participant fatigue and drop out. While previous weight loss studies for adolescents have been long lasting (12-25 weeks), our team developed a weight loss program that is a relatively brief (8-week) face-to-face intervention that integrates motivational (autonomy-support) and positive parenting skills (monitoring, social support, positive communication skills) for reducing z-BMI in overweight African American adolescents. Our team recently conducted a pilot study testing the feasibility of an 8-week on-line culturally tailored intervention, Thus, the goal of this project is to conduct a randomized controlled efficacy trial to address the problems with past studies by 1) making the face-to-face group intervention shorter, 2) using an on-line component to compliment the group-based intervention for increasing dose, and by 3) tailoring a motivational and parenting skills program directly to parents and adolescents skill levels and cultural background. 520 overweight African American adolescents and their parents will be recruited to participate. Phase I of the trial will test the efficacy of an 8-week face-to-face group randomized trial comparing motivational plus family-based weight loss (M+FWL) to a basic health (BH) education program on reducing z-BMI and improving diet and physical activity (PA) in overweight African American adolescents. In phase II of the trial participants will be re-randomized to either an 8-week on-line intervention or a control on-line program resulting in a 2 (M+FWL vs. BH group) x 2 (intervention vs. control on-line program) factorial design. A 6-month follow-up will examine whether adolescents in the 8-week M+FWL group plus 8-week on-line intervention program will show the greatest maintenance in reducing z-BMI.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Must have a parent or primary caregiver who lives in the same house as the adolescent
* Live within 60 miles of the program's office
* Have at least 3 grandparents who are African American
* Access to the internet
* Children between the ages of 11 and 16
* Child must have BMI above 85th percentile and below 99th percentile
* Have no medical condition that would limit participation in moderate intensity exercise including life-threatening illness (e.g., immobile, severely disabled, or bed ridden)
* Available and able to participate in measures and intervention activities over the next year

Exclusion Criteria:

* Adolescents with chronic illness
* Adolescents who require a specialized diet may not be eligible
* Developmental delay
* Partaking currently in another weight loss program
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Female and male high school students in Hayward Unified School District or Meridian School District
* 85th or greater percentile for age-adjusted weight
* Objective binge eating one or more times weekly for a duration of ≥ 3 months
* Access to a computer with internet access
* English literacy at a sixth grade reading level

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current (or history of) diagnosis of anorexia or bulimia nervosa
* Active suicidal ideation
* Current enrollment in a formal weight loss or binge eating program (e.g., Weight Watchers)
* Any medical condition in which the actual condition or treatment affects weight and/or appetite (i.e., cancer, diabetes)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adolescents 13-16 years old
* 20-90% overweight with reference gender and age
* At least 1 parent who can participate
* English speaking
* Agree to study participation and random assignment
* Be available for long-term follow-up

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current involvement in another weight loss program
* Unable to adhere to prescribed dietary plan and physical activity due to medical condition
* Unable to understand intervention materials
* In treatment for or diagnosed with psychiatric disorder
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female;
* aged 14-18 years,
* Tanner stage IV or above,
* waist circumference ≥75th percentile for age/gender
* body mass index ≥95th percentile for age, and gender
* AND/OR ≥85th percentile for age/gender with any of:
* Fasting glucose ≥6.0 fasting,
* 2-hour plasma glucose 7.8-11 mmol/L after 75 G oral glucose,
* fasting triglycerides \> 1.7 mmol/L,
* fasting plasma insulin \>105 pmol/L,
* HDL-C\<0.9 mmol/L, LDL-C\>3.0 mmol/L,
* total cholesterol/HDL-C \>90th percentile,
* or first-degree relative with type 2 diabetes

Exclusion Criteria:

* Participation during the previous 4 months in a regular program of exercise or aerobic sports greater than 2 times per week for at least 20 minutes per session.
* Diabetes mellitus.
* Body weight over 159 kg, and/or BMI\>45 kg/m2, exceeding capacity of DEXA and CT machines.
* Use of any performance-enhancing medication.
* Use of any medication or herbal supplement that is likely to affect body composition, lipids or glucose metabolism.
* Significant weight change (increase of ≥10%, or decrease≥5% of body weight during the two months before enrollment).
* Uncontrolled hypertension: BP \>150 mm Hg systolic or \>95 mm Hg diastolic BP in sitting position.
* Activity restrictions due to disease: unstable cardiac or pulmonary disease, significant arthritis.
* Other illness judged by the patient or study physician to make participation in this study inadvisable.
* Unwillingness/lack of availability to attend exercise and/or nutrition sessions at scheduled times and locations.
* Significant cognitive deficit resulting in inability to understand or comply with instructions.
* Pregnancy at the start of the study, or intention to become pregnant in the next year.
* Inability to communicate in English or French.
* Unwillingness of subject and/or parent/guardian to sign informed consent.

Answer: A