Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Percutaneous Pin Removal in the Outpatient Clinic - do Children Require Analgesia? A Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: This is a simple randomised clinical trial to study if non-narcotic analgesia reduces the pain score and pulse rate of children who undergo removal of percutaneous pins in the outpatient clinic.

Inclusion criteria:

* 5-12 years of age
* 2 or 3 percutaneous pins in either elbow

Exclusion criteria:

- documented or suspected allergies to acetaminophen, ibuprofen

Patients enrolled in the study are instructed not take additional analgesia prior to the clinic visit (risk of overdosage explained). This is verified by clinic nurses conducting the trial.

At the clinic visit, they are randomized into one of three groups

1. acetaminophen; 2. ibuprofen; or 3. Vitamin C (Placebo).

They are served the 'medication' (weight-appropriate dose) and the pins are removed in the clinic an hour later.

Pain score (Wong-Baker scale) and pulse rate are measured before pin removal, immediately following pin removal, and 10 minutes after pin removal.

The study hypothesis is that non-narcotic analgesia (such as acetaminophen and ibuprofen) do not decrease pain score and pulse rate associated with the pin removal procedure.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Treatment with Ibuprofen; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Ibuprofen | Arm Label: Treatment with Acetaminophen; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Acetaminophen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ibuprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): Treatment with Ibuprofen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Acetaminophen; Assigned to Arm(s): Treatment with Acetaminophen
B: Arm Label: Ibuprofen; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Ibuprofen | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ibuprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): Ibuprofen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
C: Arm Label: Treatment A; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Novel Ibuprofen | Arm Label: Treatment B; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Standard Ibuprofen | Arm Label: Treatment C; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Standard Ibuprofen | Arm Label: Treatment D; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Novel Ibuprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): Treatment A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Standard Ibuprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): Treatment B | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Standard Ibuprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): Treatment C | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Treatment D
D: Arm Label: Acetaminophen; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Acetaminophen | Arm Label: Ibuprofen; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Ibuprofen | Arm Label: Vitamin C (Placebo); Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Vitamin C | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Acetaminophen; Assigned to Arm(s): Acetaminophen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ibuprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): Ibuprofen | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Vitamin C; Assigned to Arm(s): Vitamin C (Placebo)

Answer: D