Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Mindfulness Based Application for Smoking Cessation
Brief Summary: Cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable death and disability in the world. Although over 70% of smokers want to quit, fewer than 5% achieve this goal annually. Additional effective, safe, and accessible treatments for nicotine dependence are needed due to the low abstinence rates (20-30%) achieved in behavioral therapies, the unappealing side effects of pharmacotherapy, and the frequent lack of accessibility to treatment. Recent evidence supports the central role of craving in maintaining nicotine dependence, and neither behavioral nor replacement therapies directly target the relationship between cravings and smoking. Mindfulness therapy has been found to be effective in teaching strategies to decouple the association between craving and smoking. Mindfulness based smoking therapy (MT) has preliminary support for reducing consumption in smokers, and Dr. Judson Brewer has recently translated this program into a mobile device application (app) for smoking cessation. With Dr. Brewer's consultation, we propose to assess the feasibility of implementation of a MT mobile application in local hospital and community clinics and the effectiveness of the MT mobile application compared to a National Cancer Institute (NCI) QuitPal behavioral change group. We will examine smoking results at end of treatment and 2 and 6 month follow-up as well as the role of craving. If MT smoking cessation is determined to be effective in a mobile phone application, this finding will be a significant step in providing an additional effective and safe treatment for smokers wishing to quit or cut down on their intake, and will be especially important in providing treatment options for marginalized or hard-to-access individuals wishing to reduce cigarette intake.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Current or history of head and neck, lung, breast, gastrointestinal, or genitourinary cancer
2. Age 18 or older
3. Smoking 1 cigarette or more per day at screening visit
4. English speaking and have a telephone
5. Willing to provide informed consent and agree to all assessments and study procedures
6. Recommended for and agreed to treatment with varenicline through the Tobacco Treatment Program
7. Plan to receive treatment for head and neck, lung, breast, gastrointestinal, or genitourinary cancer, currently undergoing treatment, or in follow-up care at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Anticipated hospitalization of 2 weeks or longer
2. Planned total laryngectomy
3. Current use of bupropion, nortriptyline, clonidine or nicotine replacement therapy
4. Currently receiving other forms of smoking cessation treatment
5. Severe levels of depressive symptoms, vegetative symptoms, and/or symptoms related to psychiatric disorders that place participant at risk for harm or require immediate treatment
6. Currently pregnant or lactating
7. Has received treatment in the TTP
8. History or/current medical condition, or any other factor that , in the judgment of the PI would likely preclude completion of study requirements
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a diagnosis of nicotine dependence;
* Patients currently smoking at least 10 cigarettes a day;
* Do not have any current major psychological disorders;
* Patients undergoing treatment for the first time
* Be willing to attend treatment and follow-up sessions, complete surveys and expired CO tests;
* Do not exhibit dependence on other drugs.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Dependence on other substances;
* Psychiatric comorbidities;
* Pregnant women.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Males and females who have given written informed consent
* 18 years of age or older
* Smoke an average of a minimum of five cigarettes per day
* Literate in English and able to read, understand, and complete the rating scales and questionnaires accurately, follow instructions, and make use of mindfulness techniques
* Express a wish to quit smoking
* A score at least in the "contemplation" range, as assessed via the Readiness to Change questionnaire (Heather \& McCambridge, 2013)
* Willingness to participate in mindfulness techniques
* Able to attend all clinic visits without interruption

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any current Axis I DSM-IV-TR psychiatric disorder other than alcohol abuse, marijuana abuse, or nicotine dependence that, in the clinician's opinion, warrants treatment or would preclude safe participation in the protocol, including, but not limited to: psychosis, schizophrenia, dementia, schizotypal personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder, primary diagnosis of eating disorder, or chronic suicidality or homicidality
* Serious medical comorbidity requiring medical intervention or close supervision, including seizures, pacemakers, heart transplant, severe arrhythmias, or active atrial fibrillation
* Suicide attempt in the last thirty days
* Gross neurological disease
* Mental retardation, which will be assessed by the PI, postdoctoral fellows, and doctoral students in clinical psychology
* Minors below the legal smoking age
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. aged 18 and older;
2. smoke at least 10 cigarettes per day for every day in the past month;
3. want to quit smoking in the next 30 days;
4. are able to speak and read in English;
5. are a GH member enrolled living in the greater Seattle area;
6. are not currently participating in other smoking cessation interventions;
7. not currently using other nicotine products (e.g., smokeless tobacco)
8. are willing to attend five 90-minute group intervention sessions and to receive NRT over the next 3 months;
9. have no medical contraindications for NRT use (i.e., pregnant, breastfeeding, recent heart attack, or skin allergy preventing use of the patch, as assessed using the standard GH contraindication screening for NRT patch);
10. no household member currently enrolled in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

1. fails to meet the eligibility criteria above;
2. has a significant cognitive or physical impairment (e.g., dementia, deafness) that would preclude full participation in the counseling sessions. This will be assessed both by self-report and by in-person assessment at the baseline enrollment appointment

Answer: C