Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Treatment With Acetyl-Choline Esterase Inhibitors in Children With Autism
Brief Summary: We propose a study which will combine multiple modalities in evaluating the treatment response of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to acetyl-choline esterase (AChE) inhibitors and choline supplements. The primary objective of the study is to examine the efficacy of this treatment in improving core autistic symptoms. The Secondary objective of the study is to evaluate the safety and tolerability of the treatment protocol in ASD children. Exploratory objectives include evaluation of the influence of the treatment on linguistic performance, comorbid behaviors, adaptive functioning and executive functions.


Options:
A: * Diagnosis of PDD (including Asperger's Disorder and Autistic Disorder)
* Clinically significant symptoms of ADHD
* Mental age of at least 18 months
* Blood pressure within normal ranges for age and gender
* Weight 16 kg or more
* Absence of chronic tic disorder
* Absence of any medical condition that would be incompatible with the study treatments
* Absence of evidence of hypersensitivity to study treatments
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18-40
* Able to attend in person therapy sessions in Boston
* Male
* English-speaking
* Normal or corrected vision
* No history of known genetic disorder, significant motor developmental difficulties, prematurity or brain injury
* IQ \> 90, as determined by the WASI
* Score above the cutoff on the Reciprocal Social Interactions and the Restricted, Repetitive, and Stereotyped Behaviors Domains on the ADI-R, meet criteria for PDD or autism on the ADOS, and/or meet DSM-IV criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder according to clinician interview.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current use of certain endocrinologically relevant medications
* Current dependence on substances other than tobacco or caffeine
* History of serious medical illness, including neurological, endocrine, cardiac, respiratory, and metabolic diseases that are counter-indications to oxytocin
* Severe, current psychiatric disorder (ie, current mania, severe depression, psychosis, suicidality, severe aggression)
* Long QT, as determined by baseline EKG
* Current participation in other psychotherapy

Additional exclusion criteria for MRI scan only:

Participants who are MRI-ineligible will be enrolled in the clinical trial portion of the study, but will not undergo the MRI scan at MIT. Exclusion criteria for MRI are:

* Presence of metal implants or other metal in the body
* History of claustrophobia or inability to tolerate MRI
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Weight of at least 15 kg (33.75 lbs)
* Meets DSM-IV criteria for autistic disorder
* Outpatient
* Medication-free for at least 2 weeks prior to baseline for all psychotropic medications. More information about this criterion, including exceptions, can be found in the protocol.
* Clinical Global Impression Scale Severity score (CGI-S) of at least 4
* Irritability subscale of the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) score of at least 18
* An IQ of at least 35 or a mental age of at least 18 months
* In good physical health

Exclusion Criteria:

* Meets DSM-IV criteria for Asperger's disorder, Rett's disorder, childhood disintegrative disorder, any other pervasive developmental disorder (PDD), schizophrenia, psychotic disorder, or bipolar disorder
* Current or past history of alcohol or other substance abuse within 6 months of study entry
* Comorbid neurodevelopmental disorder with possible association to autism (e.g., fragile-X syndrome, tuberous sclerosis)
* A significant medical condition such as heart, liver, kidney, or lung disease, or a seizure disorder
* Pregnant
* Prior adequate use of aripiprazole. More information about this criterion can be found in the protocol.
* Evidence of hypersensitivity to aripiprazole
* History of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
D: Inclusion criteria:

* A formal diagnosis of Autism or Pervasive Developmental Disorder not otherwise specified (PDD-NOS), given by a child neurologist.
* Age: 10-18 years.
* A signed parental consent form.

Exclusion criteria:

* Evidence for one of the following conditions:

  * an underlying infectious disease
  * chromosomal abnormality
  * metabolic disorder
  * specific brain related disorder (such as tuberous sclerosis)
  * history of fetal cytomegalovirus infection
  * birth asphyxia
  * a history of major head injury
  * a chronic use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, (NSAID)
  * known brain damage
* Epilepsy
* Abnormal Electro-cardiogram (ECG)
* Epileptiform EEG
* Use of psychostimulants, anti-depressants, neuroleptics or anti-convulsive agents within the past month.
* Lack of cooperation in the screening phase

Answer: D