Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Aztreonam for Inhalation Solution (AZLI) for the Treatment of Exacerbations of Cystic Fibrosis. An Randomised, Crossover Pilot Study of AZLI Plus Intravenous Colistin® Versus Standard Dual Intravenous Therapy
Brief Summary: This study evaluates the role of AZLI in the treatment of acute pulmonary exacerbations of CF. For consecutive exacerbations patients will receive AZLI + IV Colistin, or two IV anti-pseudomonals.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female ages less than or equal to 12 years.
* Diagnosis of CF based upon the criteria established by the 1997 CF Consensus Conference: (i) sweat chloride \> 60 mEq/L by quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis; or (ii) genotype with two identifiable mutations consistent with CF; or (iii) an abnormal nasal transepithelial potential difference, and (iv) one or more clinical features consistent with CF.
* No prior isolation of Pa from respiratory cultures (1 or more cultures in 24 months prior to enrollment), or, if prior isolation of Pa from respiratory cultures, at least a two-year history of Pa negative cultures (1 or more cultures/year), or concurrently enrolled in the EPIC Clinical Trial.
* Signed informed consent to participate in data submission to the CFF National Patient Registry.
* Signed informed consent by parent or legal guardian.
B: Inclusion criteria:

* Male or female patients ≥ 6 months old
* Diagnosis of cystic fibrosis (CF) based upon the following historical criteria performed prior to study participation:

  1. confirmed sweat chloride \> 60 mEq/L by quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis (at least 2 tests), OR
  2. genotype with two identifiable mutations consistent with CF.
* First or early lower respiratory tract infection with Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa documented by either of the following:

  1. first infection defined by the first P. aeruginosa isolated from sputum or deep throat cough swab culture, OR
  2. P. aeruginosa from sputum or deep throat cough swab culture following at least 1 year of negative cultures (documented with at least 4 negative cultures during this year and no positive cultures) and no anti-pseudomonal treatment during this 1-year period, OR
  3. P. aeruginosa from sputum or deep throat cough swab culture following at least 2 years of negative cultures (documented with at least 2 negative cultures per year and no positive cultures) and no anti-pseudomonal treatment during this 2-year period.
* Written informed consent by the patient and/or parent/legal guardian according to local country regulations.

Exclusion criteria:

* History of aminoglycoside hypersensitivity or adverse reaction to inhaled aminoglycoside.
* Signs and symptoms of acute pulmonary disease, eg, pneumonia, pneumothorax.
* Administration of any investigational drug within 30 days prior to enrollment.
* Administration of loop diuretics within 7 days prior to study drug administration.
* Personal/family history of abnormal hearing, other than typical hearing loss associated with the aging process.
* Abnormal result from an audiology testing (defined as either a unilateral pure-tone audiometry test showing a threshold elevation \> 20 decibels \[dB\] at any frequency across the frequency range 0.25-8 kHz or the absence of emission at the evoked otoacoustic emission test).
* Positive urine pregnancy test at Day 1 (Baseline) for all female patients who have reached menarche.
* Use of macrolide antibiotics as a maintenance therapy for 12 or more days during the 28 days prior to Baseline.
* Antibody titers ≥ 1000 for any of the 3 P. aeruginosa exoenzymes: Exotoxin A, alkaline protease, or elastase (status to be determined between Baseline and Day 28).
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Confirmed diagnosis of CF
2. Patients aged 18 - 65 years of age who can give informed consent
3. FEV1 \>25% or \<75% predicted (in keeping with Cayston® license)
4. Admitted to the Liverpool Heart \& Chest Hospital with an exacerbation of CF pulmonary disease
5. Presence of PA in lower respiratory tract cultures in the 6 months prior

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Documented allergy to beta-lactam antibiotics or IV Colistin
2. Growth of Burkholderia Cepacia Complex (BCC) within 2 years
3. Pregnancy
4. Previous organ transplant
5. Receiving other clinical trial medication
6. Already prescribed regular Cayston®
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* CF as diagnosed by:

  1. Documented sweat chloride greater than or equal to 60 mEq/L by quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis test; or
  2. Two well-characterized genetic mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene; or
  3. Abnormal nasal potential difference with accompanying symptoms characteristic of CF.
* PA present in expectorated sputum or throat swab culture at Screening.
* Participants must have received three or more courses of TIS within the previous 12 months.
* Participants on chronic azithromycin must have had no change in regimen in the previous 3 months and must have had a need for TIS and/or additional antipseudomonal therapy since initiation of azithromycin.
* Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) between (and including) 25% and 75% predicted at Screening.
* Ability to perform reproducible pulmonary function tests.
* Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) greater than or equal to 90% on room air at Screening.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current use of oral corticosteroids in doses exceeding the equivalent of 10 mg prednisone a day or 20 mg prednisone every other day.
* History of sputum or throat culture swab yielding Burkholderia cepacia in the past 2 years.
* History of daily continuous oxygen supplementation or requirement for more than 2 liters/minute at night.
* Administration of any investigational drug or device within 28 days of Screening (Visit 1) or within 6 half-lives of the investigational drug (whichever was longer).
* Known local or systemic hypersensitivity to monobactam antibiotics.
* Inability to tolerate inhalation of a short acting Beta-2 agonist.
* Changes in antimicrobial, bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, or corticosteroid medications within 7 days before Screening or between Screening and the next visit.
* Changes in physiotherapy technique or schedule within 7 days before Screening or between Screening and the next visit.
* History of lung transplantation.
* A chest X-ray indicating abnormal findings at Screening or within the previous 90 days.
* Abnormal renal or hepatic function or serum chemistry at Screening (aspartate aminotransferase \[AST\], alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\] greater than 5 times the upper limit of normal range; Creatinine greater than 2 times the upper limit of normal range).
* Positive pregnancy test at Screening.
* Female of childbearing potential who was lactating or in the opinion of the investigator was not practicing acceptable birth control.
* Any serious or active medical or psychiatric illness, which in the opinion of the investigator would have interfered with participant treatment, assessment, or compliance with the protocol.

Answer: C