TrialPanorama/Dataset huggingface dataset:
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Twelve-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Multicenter Study With Follow-up Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Varenicline Tartrate ( CP-526,555) in Comparison to Zyban for Smoking Cessation
Brief Summary: The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of varenicline given for a twelve week treatment period in comparison with placebo and Zyban for smoking cessation.


Options:
A: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline | Arm Label: 2; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
B: Arm Label: Varenicline; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Varenicline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
C: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline (CP-526,555); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
D: Arm Label: varenicline; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: varenicline | Arm Label: placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): varenicline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): placebo

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Twelve-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Multicenter Study With Follow-up Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Varenicline Tartrate ( CP-526,555) in Comparison to Zyban for Smoking Cessation
Brief Summary: The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of varenicline given for a twelve week treatment period in comparison with placebo and Zyban for smoking cessation.


Options:
A: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline (CP-526,555); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
B: Arm Label: Bupropion and Weight Concerns intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Bupropion, Behavioral: weight concerns intervention | Arm Label: Placebo and Weight Concerns; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo, Behavioral: weight concerns intervention | Arm Label: Bupropion and standard smoking cessation; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Bupropion, Behavioral: smoking cessation intervention | Arm Label: Placebo and standard smoking cessation; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo, Behavioral: smoking cessation intervention | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Bupropion; Assigned to Arm(s): Bupropion and Weight Concerns intervention, Bupropion and standard smoking cessation | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo and Weight Concerns, Placebo and standard smoking cessation | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: weight concerns intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Bupropion and Weight Concerns intervention, Placebo and Weight Concerns | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: smoking cessation intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Bupropion and standard smoking cessation, Placebo and standard smoking cessation
C: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline (CP-526,555); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
D: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline (CP-526,555); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A

Answer: D
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Twelve-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Multicenter Study With Follow-up Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Varenicline Tartrate ( CP-526,555) in Comparison to Zyban for Smoking Cessation
Brief Summary: The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of varenicline given for a twelve week treatment period in comparison with placebo and Zyban for smoking cessation.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Web + Phone; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Web + Phone | Arm Label: Web Only; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Web Only | Arm Label: Phone Only; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Phone Only | Arm Label: Control; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Usual Care | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Web + Phone; Assigned to Arm(s): Web + Phone | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Web Only; Assigned to Arm(s): Web Only | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Phone Only; Assigned to Arm(s): Phone Only | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Usual Care; Assigned to Arm(s): Control
B: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline (CP-526,555); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
C: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline (CP-526,555); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
D: Arm Label: Active; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline Tartrate | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline Tartrate; Assigned to Arm(s): Active | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Twelve-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Multicenter Study With Follow-up Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Varenicline Tartrate ( CP-526,555) in Comparison to Zyban for Smoking Cessation
Brief Summary: The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of varenicline given for a twelve week treatment period in comparison with placebo and Zyban for smoking cessation.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Varenicline; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Varenicline
B: Arm Label: Active; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline Tartrate | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline Tartrate; Assigned to Arm(s): Active | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
C: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: sustained-release bupropion (Zyban(R)); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Psychodynamic Model Training (R) = PDM(R); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
D: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline (CP-526,555); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A

Answer: D
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Twelve-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Multicenter Study With Follow-up Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Varenicline Tartrate ( CP-526,555) in Comparison to Zyban for Smoking Cessation
Brief Summary: The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of varenicline given for a twelve week treatment period in comparison with placebo and Zyban for smoking cessation.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Placebo Arm; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: placebo | Arm Label: Treatment Arm; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: varenicline (CP-526,555) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo Arm | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline (CP-526,555); Assigned to Arm(s): Treatment Arm
B: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: bupropion SR; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
C: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline (CP-526,555); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
D: Arm Label: Varenicline pre-treatmemt; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline, Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo, Varenicline pre-treatmemt | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Twelve-Week, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized, Multicenter Study With Follow-up Evaluating the Safety and Efficacy of Varenicline Tartrate ( CP-526,555) in Comparison to Zyban for Smoking Cessation
Brief Summary: The primary purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of varenicline given for a twelve week treatment period in comparison with placebo and Zyban for smoking cessation.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Extended treatment; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: varenicline, Behavioral: Individual smoking cessation counseling | Arm Label: Standard treatment; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: varenicline, Behavioral: Individual smoking cessation counseling | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Extended treatment, Standard treatment | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Extended treatment, Standard treatment | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Individual smoking cessation counseling; Assigned to Arm(s): Extended treatment, Standard treatment
B: Arm Label: Bupropion; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Bupropion, Behavioral: Weekly Motivational Emails | Arm Label: Varenicline; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline, Behavioral: Weekly Motivational Emails | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Bupropion; Assigned to Arm(s): Bupropion | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Varenicline | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Weekly Motivational Emails; Assigned to Arm(s): Bupropion, Varenicline
C: Arm Label: study groups; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline | Arm Label: control group; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): study groups | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): control group
D: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline (CP-526,555); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A

Answer: D
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A 10-Week, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Multicenter Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Pregabalin (150 mg - 600 mg/Day) Using a Flexible, Optimized Dose Schedule in Subjects With Peripheral Neuropathic Pain
Brief Summary: To evaluate the efficacy of pregabalin, using a flexible, optimized dose schedule with dose adjustment based on Daily Pain Rating Scale (DPRS), compared to placebo in subjects with peripheral neuropathic pain.


Options:
A: Arm Label: A; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Comparator: pregabalin | Arm Label: B; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Comparator: Placebo (unspecified) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Comparator: pregabalin; Assigned to Arm(s): A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Comparator: Placebo (unspecified); Assigned to Arm(s): B
B: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Pregabalin; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
C: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: pregabalin | Arm Label: 2; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: pregabalin; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
D: Arm Label: DS-5565 5mg nighttime; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: DS-5565 tablet, Drug: placebo capsule | Arm Label: DS-5565 10 mg at bedtime; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: DS-5565 tablet, Drug: placebo capsule | Arm Label: DS-5565 15 mg at bedtime; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: DS-5565 tablet, Drug: placebo capsule | Arm Label: DS-5565 20 mg total per day; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: DS-5565 tablet, Drug: placebo capsule | Arm Label: DS-5565 30 mg total per day; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: DS-5565 tablet, Drug: placebo capsule | Arm Label: Pregabalin 300 mg total per day; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: pregabalin capsule, Drug: Placebo tablet | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: DS-5565 tablet; Assigned to Arm(s): DS-5565 10 mg at bedtime, DS-5565 15 mg at bedtime, DS-5565 20 mg total per day, DS-5565 30 mg total per day, DS-5565 5mg nighttime | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: pregabalin capsule; Assigned to Arm(s): Pregabalin 300 mg total per day | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo tablet; Assigned to Arm(s): Pregabalin 300 mg total per day | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo capsule; Assigned to Arm(s): DS-5565 10 mg at bedtime, DS-5565 15 mg at bedtime, DS-5565 20 mg total per day, DS-5565 30 mg total per day, DS-5565 5mg nighttime

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Flexible-Dose, Parallel-Group Study to Evaluate the Efficacy, Safety and Toleration of Oral Sildenafil Citrate Administered in the Dose Range of 20 - 80 Mg TID for the Treatment of Pre-Eclampsia. (PET)
Brief Summary: To determine the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate in the treatment of established pre-eclampsia


Options:
A: Arm Label: sildenafil citrate; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: sildenafil citrate | Arm Label: placebo; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: sildenafil citrate; Assigned to Arm(s): sildenafil citrate | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): placebo
B: Arm Label: Sildenafil; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Sildenafil | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Sildenafil; Assigned to Arm(s): Sildenafil | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
C: Arm Label: A; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: L ARG | Arm Label: B; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: L ARG; Assigned to Arm(s): A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): B
D: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Sildenafil citrate; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A

Answer: D
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: CS-866DM Phase 3 Clinical Study: A Double-Blind Controlled Trial in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy and Overt Proteinuria Secondary to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Brief Summary: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of olmesartan versus placebo on the progression of diabetic renal disease.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide 60 mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide 60 mg | Arm Label: Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide placebo; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide placebo | Arm Label: Nateglinide 60 mg + valsartan placebo; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Nateglinide 60 mg + valsartan placebo | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Valsartan placebo + nateglinide placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide 60 mg; Assigned to Arm(s): Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide 60 mg | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Nateglinide 60 mg + valsartan placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Nateglinide 60 mg + valsartan placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Valsartan placebo + nateglinide placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
B: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ramipril; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Rosiglitazone; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
C: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: olmesartan medoxomil | Arm Label: 2; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo Tablets | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: olmesartan medoxomil; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo Tablets; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
D: Arm Label: Rosuvastatin; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Rosuvastatin | Arm Label: Candesartan/HCT; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Candesartan/HCT | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Candesartan/HCT; Assigned to Arm(s): Candesartan/HCT | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Rosuvastatin; Assigned to Arm(s): Rosuvastatin

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: CS-866DM Phase 3 Clinical Study: A Double-Blind Controlled Trial in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy and Overt Proteinuria Secondary to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Brief Summary: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of olmesartan versus placebo on the progression of diabetic renal disease.


Options:
A: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Telmisartan; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Combination of Telmisartan and Ramipril; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ramipril; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
B: Arm Label: Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide 60 mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide 60 mg | Arm Label: Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide placebo; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide placebo | Arm Label: Nateglinide 60 mg + valsartan placebo; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Nateglinide 60 mg + valsartan placebo | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Valsartan placebo + nateglinide placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide 60 mg; Assigned to Arm(s): Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide 60 mg | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Valsartan 160 mg + nateglinide placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Nateglinide 60 mg + valsartan placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Nateglinide 60 mg + valsartan placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Valsartan placebo + nateglinide placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
C: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: olmesartan medoxomil | Arm Label: 2; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo Tablets | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: olmesartan medoxomil; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo Tablets; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
D: Arm Label: placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: placebo | Arm Label: chlortalidone-amiloride; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Chlorthalidone plus amiloride | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Chlorthalidone plus amiloride; Assigned to Arm(s): chlortalidone-amiloride | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): placebo

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Cost Effectiveness of Two Different Implementation Procedures to Change Clinicians Practice Roles in the Detection of Hereditary Colorectal Cancer
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to compare two different strategies to implement a new method to identify patients with HNPCC, which appeared cost-effective and feasible. The effectiveness, costs and feasibility of both of the implementation strategies will be assessed.


Options:
A: Arm Label: minimal intervention; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: professional audit and feedback (guideline adherence) | Arm Label: maximal intervention; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: patient education, Behavioral: professional audit and feedback (guideline adherence), Behavioral: professional education (communication/shared decision making), Other: information tools | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: patient education; Assigned to Arm(s): maximal intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: professional audit and feedback (guideline adherence); Assigned to Arm(s): maximal intervention, minimal intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: professional education (communication/shared decision making); Assigned to Arm(s): maximal intervention | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: information tools; Assigned to Arm(s): maximal intervention
B: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Expanded Chronic Care Model | Arm Label: 2; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Expanded Chronic Care Model; Assigned to Arm(s): 1
C: Arm Label: Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: Electronic feedback system on diabetes care | Arm Label: control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Electronic feedback system on diabetes care; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention
D: Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Education for professionals; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Distribution of educational materials; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Feedback for professionals; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Reminders for professionals; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A

Answer: D
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Study Looking at the Effects of a Modest Reduction in Dietary Salt Intake on Blood Pressure Control in Haemodialysis Patients
Brief Summary: High blood pressure (hypertension) affects up to 80% of all patients receiving haemodialysis for chronic kidney disease (CKD). High blood pressure is a major cause cardiovascular disease (i.e. strokes, heart attacks and heart failure) and, thereby, cardiovascular deaths in these patients.

A significant cause of raised blood pressure in haemodialysis patients is thought to be due to retention of salt in the body. In healthy people the kidneys excrete salt but the kidneys of patients with CKD cannot do this, so salt has to be removed by dialysis. However dialysis cannot remove as much salt as is necessary, and so it accumulates. This fact has been recognized for many years, and health professionals caring for haemodialysis patients often stress the importance of restriction of dietary salt intake.

However no research has looked in detail at the mechanisms by which salt raises blood pressure in haemodialysis patients. It is likely that salt directly affects thirst, causing patients to drink more and become overloaded with fluid. In addition, salt may have direct effects on the blood vessel wall, causing failure of adequate blood vessel relaxation. Both of these factors may raise blood pressure.

We will conduct a carefully controlled crossover study looking at the effects of a modest reduction in salt intake on BP. During the course of the study, which will last eight weeks, patients will receive both a 5 gram per day and a 10 gram per day salt intake. We will look at how thirst, fluid intake, a number of markers of blood vessel function and blood pressure differ on these two salt intakes.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: OxSalt care bundle | Arm Label: Normal care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: OxSalt care bundle; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention
B: Arm Label: Low Salt Diet; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Dietary salt reduction | Arm Label: Standard Treatment; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Dietary salt reduction; Assigned to Arm(s): Low Salt Diet
C: Arm Label: Sodium Reduction; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Sodium Reduction | Arm Label: Usual care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Sodium Reduction; Assigned to Arm(s): Sodium Reduction
D: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Slow Sodium; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A

Answer: D