Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effectiveness of Mindfulness Based Compassionate Living in Recurrent Depression
Brief Summary: Since a few years, Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT) has been used as treatment for patients suffering from recurrent depression. Though a number of studies show that MBCT is effective in this population and MBCT reduces the chances of relapse/recurrence in recurrent depressive patients, the chance of a new depression developing after end of treatment is still considerable. Ergo, there is room for improvement.

Especially the development of a non-judging or compassionate attitude towards all experience seems to mediate the treatment effect. It is therefore our expectation that a follow-up intervention that focuses specifically on self-compassion could prove very useful in elaborating on the effects of MBCT.

The research question of this research is therefore: what is the effect of compassion training in people suffering from recurrent depression who have already received MBCT training?


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of unipolar major depression
* Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD) (17 item) score of 15 or higher
* Speaks English
* Willing to discontinue other psychotropic medications
* Availability of family member or other caregiver
* Hearing capacity adequate to respond to a raised conversational voice

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lifetime diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or any psychotic disorder
* Folstein Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE) of 17 or lower
* Suicidal
* History of treatment non-adherence in other Center protocols
* History of documented non-response to citalopram in other Center protocols
* History of non-tolerance to escitalopram therapy
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Recurrent depression according to the DSM-IV criteria.
2. Having participated in an MBCT training (\>= 4 sessions)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. One or more previous (hypo)manic episodes according to DSM-IV criteria.
2. Primary psychotic disorder, e.g. schizophrenia or delusions.
3. Clinically relevant neurological conditions (e.g. brain trauma or dementia) or somatic conditions (e.g. cancer, AIDS) that could be related to the depression.
4. Current alcohol and/or drug abuse.
5. Use of high dosages of benzodiazepines.
6. Recent electro convulsive therapy (ECT) (less than 3 months ago).
7. Problems impeding participating in a group, such as severe borderline personality disorder.
8. No prior experience with MBCT.
9. Problems impeding completing the questionnaires, such as cognitive dysfunctions (only assessed if suspected).
10. Subnormal intelligence (IQ \< 80) (only assessed if suspected).
C: * between the ages of 12 and 18 years 11 months
* currently in treatment for depression
* taking Prozac,Zoloft, Luvox, Lexapro, Celexa or Paxil (Oregon and Rhode Island sites only)
* still feeling depressed
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Enrolled patient at Community Psychiatric Clinic (CPC), a large mental health center in urban Seattle, Washington;
* Between 18 and 65 years of age;
* Diagnosis of of methamphetamine, amphetamine(illegal), or cocaine dependence or abuse;
* CPC medical record diagnosis of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar I or II, or recurrent major depressive disorder
* Stimulant drug use one month before enrollment;
* Ability to understand written and spoken English;
* CPC clinical case manager must affirm the potential participant's ability to provide informed consent and clinical appropriateness (i.e., safety/severity of mental/substance/ physical health) to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any medical/psychiatric condition, or severity of that condition, that, in the opinion of Dr. Ries, the PI, would compromise safe study participation
* Chart defined organic brain disorder or dementia;
* Current participation in a methadone maintenance program;
* Any other circumstances that in the PI's opinion precludes safe study participation.

Answer: B