Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Intermittent Preventive Treatment With Sulfadoxine/Pyrimethamine During Pregnancy Among HIV-Positive and HIV-Negative Women: 2-Dose Versus Monthly - Malawi
Brief Summary: In Malawi, the standard of care to prevent malaria during pregnancy at the time of the study was a two dose sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine intermittent protective treatment (SP IPT) regimen administered in the second and third trimester of pregnancy. In this investigation, this two dose strategy was compared to a monthly SP regimen. The objective for the study was to determine the efficacy of the different regimens for HIV positive and HIV negative women in the prevention of placental malaria.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* HIV-positive pregnant women between 16-28 weeks of gestation identified through VCT
* HIV-negative pregnant women between 16-28 weeks of gestation identified through VCT
* Residence within the catchment area of the health facility
* Willing to deliver at the health facility
* Willing to agree to adhere to the requirements of study participation (including monthly ANC visits and willing to allow all study procedures)
* Willing to provide written informed consent
* Aged 18 years and above

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe anemia (Hb \< 6 g/dL)
* History of allergic reactions to sulfa drugs
* History of known pregnancy complications (e.g. breech presentation, severe pre-eclampsia, prior caesarian section)
* History or presence of major illnesses likely to influence pregnancy outcome including diabetes mellitus, severe renal or heart disease, or active tuberculosis, prior to randomization
* Any significant presenting illness that requires hospitalization
* Intent to move out of the study catchment area before delivery or deliver at relative's home out of the catchment area
* Prior enrollment in the study or concurrent enrollment in another study
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Her pregnancy is confirmed at 16 to 24 weeks at their first booking.
* She is willing to participate and complete the test schedule, and has given informed consent.
* She is willing to have supervised delivered at maternity units in the district.
* She lives within the study district.

Exclusion Criteria:

* She has a past obstetric and medical history that will adversely affect the interpretation of outcomes such as repeated stillbirths and eclampsia.
* She has a haemoglobin level below 5.0 g/dl.
* She has malaria that is severe enough to require parenteral medication.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* First or second pregnancy
* Greater than 16 weeks gestation
* Less than 28 weeks gestation
* Consent for HIV testing

Exclusion Criteria:

* Less than 15 years old
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Signed informed consent
* Age \>= 15 years
* Ultrasound confirmed pregnancy
* Quickening
* Foetal age 14-26 gestation weeks
* Maternal availability for follow-up during the entire study period

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known maternal tuberculosis, diabetes, kidney disease or liver disease
* Any severe acute illness warranting hospital referral at enrollment visit
* Mental disorder that may affect comprehension of the study or success of follow-up
* Twin pregnancy
* Pregnancy complications evident at enrollment visit (moderate to severe oedema, blood hemoglobin \[Hb\] concentration \< 50 g/l, systolic blood pressure \[BP\] \> 160 mmHg or diastolic BP \> 100 mmHg)
* Prior receipt of azithromycin during this pregnancy
* Receipt of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine within 28 days of enrollment
* Known allergy to drugs containing sulfonamides, macrolides or pyrimethamine
* History of anaphylaxis
* History of any serious allergic reaction to any substance, requiring emergency medical care
* Concurrent participation in any other clinical trial

Answer: C