Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Postmarketing Study of Probiotics Medication in Childhood Diarrhea
Brief Summary: Probiotic bacteria inhabit the gastrointestinal tracts of healthy individuals and may improve the health status of patients with digestive disease. The first aim of our study will seek to determine if probiotics medication (Bio-Three) inhibit gastrointestinal infection and reduce its inflammatory response in the intestine. The second aim will explore the bacterial count (microbiology) and subsequent immune response in probiotic inhibition of enterocolitis in children. We try to seek to gain an advanced understanding of probiotics versus pathogenic microorganism and host interactions, and mucosal immune responses to probiotics in the intestine.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Presence of diarrhea: defined as ≥ 3 watery stools in a 24-hour period
* Duration of vomiting and/or diarrhea \< 72 hours
* Age 3 to \< 48 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Presence of an indwelling vascular access line or structural heart disease
* Taking immunosuppressive therapy, or known history of immunodeficiency
* Hematochezia in the preceding 72 hours, underlying significant chronic gastrointestinal problem or inflammatory bowel disease
* Family member with an indwelling vascular access line, on immunosuppressive therapy, or with a known immunodeficiency
* Bilious vomiting
* Probiotic use (supplement) in the preceding 2 weeks
* Previously enrolled in this trial
* Daily follow-up not possible
* Allergy to Soy
* Pre-existing (known) pancreatic dysfunction or insufficiency
* Oral or Gastrointestinal surgery within preceding 7 days
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinical symptom of diarrhea less than 3 days

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe abdominal distension with risk of bowel perforation
* Risk for sepsis
* Past history with surgical operation of gastrointestinal tracts
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 3-48 months (have not yet reached their fourth birthday); AND
2. Presence of 3 or more watery stools within 24 hours of screening; AND
3. Duration of vomiting or diarrhea less than 7 days; AND
4. Symptoms consistent with acute intestinal infectious process.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Presence of an indwelling vascular access line; OR
2. Presence of structural heart disease excluding non-pathological heart murmurs; OR
3. Receiving immunosuppressive therapy or history of immunodeficiency; OR
4. Hematochezia in the preceding 48 hours; OR
5. Chronic gastrointestinal problems (e.g. short gut syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease); OR
6. Patients with known pancreatitis; OR
7. History of abdominal surgery; OR
8. Critically ill patients; OR
9. Family member with an indwelling vascular access line, or on immunosuppressive therapy, or with a known immunodeficiency; OR
10. Bilious emesis; OR
11. Probiotic use (supplement) in the preceding 2 weeks; OR
12. Oral or intravenous steroid use in the preceding six months; OR
13. Previously enrolled in this trial; OR
14. Allergy to lactobacillus or Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC); OR
15. Allergy to erythromycin, clindamycin, AND betalactam antibiotics (all); OR
16. Not available for daily follow-up while symptomatic; OR
17. Parent/guardian not speaking English or Spanish; OR
18. Under 6 months old AND premature (\<37 weeks).
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Positive stool sample for rotavirus test

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe malnourishment
* Severe dehydration
* Use of antibiotics, probiotics or nitazoxanide 2 weeks before admission
* Systemic infections
* Severe chronic disease
* Mixed enteric infections besides rotavirus

Answer: B