Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Phase I/II Descending Age Double-blinded Randomized Placebo-controlled Dose Escalation Study to Examine the Safety Reactogenicity Tolerability & Immunogenicity of the P2-VP8 Subunit Parenteral Rotavirus Vaccine in Healthy Toddlers & Infants
Brief Summary: This is is a study of a parenteral rotavirus vaccine (P2-VP8 subunit rotavirus vaccine). The study will examine the safety and immunogenicity of this vaccine first in healthy South African toddlers. If the safety profile is deemed appropriate, the study will continue to explore the safety and immunogenicity of the vaccine in healthy South African infants.

The primary safety hypothesis is that the P2-VP8 subunit rotavirus vaccine is safe and well-tolerated in healthy toddlers and infants. The primary immunogenicity hypothesis is that the P2-VP8 subunit rotavirus vaccine is immunogenic in infant participants and will induce an immune response in at least 80% of participants in at least one of the study groups.


Options:
A: Inclusion criteria:

* Healthy infants aged 6 weeks±1 at first study vaccination.

Exclusion criteria:

* Malnutrition, no history of rotavirus gastroenteritis, allergic disease or chronic gastrointestinal disease, not received protocol-prohibited treatment.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* healthy infants/toddlers as established by medical history and clinical examination before entering study
* age:

  * toddler cohort: \> or = 2 and \<3 years old at the time of enrollment
  * infant cohort: \> or = 6 and \<8 weeks at the time of enrollment
* parental ability and willingness to provide informed consent
* parental intention to remain in the area with the child during the study period.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Presence of fever on the day of enrollment
* Acute disease at the time of enrollment
* Concurrent participation in another clinical trial throughout the entire timeframe for this study
* Presence of malnutrition or any systemic disorder (cardiovascular, pulmonary, hepatic, renal, gastrointestinal, hematological, endocrine, immunological, dermatological, neurological, cancer or autoimmune disease) as determined by medical history and/or physical examination that would compromise the participant's health or is likely to result in nonconformance to the protocol
* For infant cohort, history of premature birth (\<37 weeks gestation)
* History of congenital abdominal disorders, intussusception, or abdominal surgery
* Known or suspected impairment of immunological function based on medical history and physical examination
* For infant cohort only, prior receipt of rotavirus vaccine
* A known sensitivity or allergy to any components of the study vaccine
* History of anaphylactic reaction
* Major congenital or genetic defect
* Participant's parents not able, available or willing to accept active weekly follow-up by the study staff
* Has received any immunoglobulin therapy and/or blood products since birth or planned administration during the study period
* History of chronic administration (defined as more than 14 days) of immunosuppressant medications, including corticosteroids. Infants on inhaled or topical steroids may be permitted to participate in the study
* Any medical condition in the parents/infant that, in the judgment of the investigator, would interfere with or serves as a contraindication to protocol adherence or a participant's parents' ability to give informed consent
* HIV infection

  * For toddlers, to be assessed by HIV ELISA
  * For infants, to be assessed by PCR, if mother is not known to be negative (negative test result between 24 weeks gestation and screening)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy infants of 6 weeks of age (±2 days).
* Study families reside within the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) area, service area of the ICDDR,B.
* Family able to understand and comply with planned study procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

* Family residence outside the ICDDR,B HDSS service area, or families expecting to move away during the study period, will be excluded.
* A diagnosis or suspicion of immunodeficiency disorder (either in the infant or in a member of the immediate family).
* A diagnosis or suspicion of bleeding disorder that would contraindicate venipuncture.
* Acute diarrhea, infection or illness at the time of the first visit (6 weeks of age) that would require infant's admission to a hospital or would contraindicate provision of OPV per country guidelines.
* Acute vomiting and intolerance to liquids within 24 hours before the first visit (6 weeks of age).
* Receipt of OPV or IPV at any time before enrollment based upon mother's recall or immunization card if available.
* Because of contact transmission of vaccine poliovirus strains, newborns from multiple births will be excluded from the study to prevent transmission of vaccine strains received during routine immunization from the twin to the study participant.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects who the investigator believes that their parents/guardians can and will comply with the requirements of the protocol should be enrolled in the study.
* A male or female child between, and including, 5 and 10 weeks of age at the time of the first study vaccination.
* Written informed consent obtained from the parent or guardian of the subject who is of legal age
* Healthy subjects as established by medical history and clinical examination before entering into the study.
* In South Africa, birth weight \> 2000 grams or if weight unknown, gestation period \> 36 weeks.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Use of any investigational or non-registered product (drug or vaccine) other than the study vaccine(s) within 30 days preceding the first dose of study vaccine, or planned use during the study period.
* Concurrently participating in another clinical study, at any time during the study period, in which the subject has been or will be exposed to an investigational or a non-investigational product
* Planned administration of a vaccine not foreseen by the study protocol within 14 days before each dose of study vaccine(s) and ending 14 days after.
* Chronic administration (defined as more than 14 days) of immunosuppressants since birth.
* History of use of experimental rotavirus vaccine.
* Previous routine vaccination except Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and oral poliovirus (OPV) vaccination at birth
* Any clinically significant history of chronic gastrointestinal disease including any uncorrected congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract, intussusception or other medical condition determined to be serious by the investigator.
* Any confirmed or suspected immunosuppressive or immunodeficient condition based on medical history and physical examination
* History of allergic disease or reaction likely to be exacerbated by any component of the vaccine.
* Acute disease at the time of enrolment.
* Gastroenteritis within 7 days preceding the first study vaccine administration
* Previous confirmed occurrence of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RV GE).
* A family history of congenital or hereditary immunodeficiency.
* Administration of immunoglobulins and/or blood products since birth or planned administration during the study period.
* History of any neurologic disorders or seizures.
* Acute or chronic, clinically significant pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatic or renal functional abnormality, as determined by physical examination or laboratory screening tests.

Answer: B