Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: WASH Benefits Kenya: A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of the Benefits of Sanitation, Water Quality, Handwashing, and Nutrition Interventions on Child Health and Development
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to measure the independent and combined effects of interventions that improve sanitation, water quality, handwashing, and nutrition on child health and development in the first years of life.


Options:
A: Study Population Description:

The subject population will be young children and their mothers/guardians living in several contiguous districts of Western Province, in the rural areas outside the towns of Bungoma and Kakamega. Communities must meet the following criteria:

* Located in a rural area (defined as villages with \<25% residents living in rental houses, \<2 gas/petrol stations and \<10 shops)
* Not enrolled in ongoing WASH or nutrition programs
* No chlorine dispensers at water sources installed by programs separate from the present study
* Majority (\>80%) of households do not have access to piped water into the home
* At least six eligible pregnant women in the cluster at baseline.

From enrolled communities, household compounds will be enrolled if they meet the following criteria.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. One or more women who self-identify as pregnant at the time of the baseline survey
2. The woman plans to stay in the community for the next 12 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

(1) The study excludes households who do not own their home to help mitigate attrition during follow-up.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Villages located in rural Mali.
* CLTS targets small villages (less than 4500 inhabitants).
* Open defecation is present

Exclution criteria:

-Villages where CLTS is already in place
C: Study participants will be women who are rural residents of Chirumanzu or Shurugwi districts in Zimbabwe and who become pregnant during the enrollment period of the trial and are identified and consent to participation during pregnancy, and their live born infants. A total of 5280 women will be enrolled.

Inclusion Criteria:

Pregnant women residing in the study districts, whose pregnancy is confirmed by a urine pregnancy test.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women residing in the study districts who become pregnant during the enrollment period but do not consent to join the trial
* Women who reside in urban areas of these two districts
* Infants with major non-fatal abnormalities will not be excluded from study procedures, but will be excluded from the final analytic sample if the abnormality is likely to directly affect gut health/function or stature (e.g. neural tube defects, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Village level:

* Little existing sanitation coverage (\<10%)
* WaterAid and implementing partners expects normal scale up
* Stable and reasonably acceptable water supply
* No other WASH interventions planned or anticipated in next 30 months
* Reasonable year-round access by road to permit household visits by surveillance staff

Household level:

* Presence of a child\<4 or a pregnant woman
* Consent to participate
* Reside permanently in the village

Answer: A