Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: Since docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) level in sperm membrane has been shown to be decreased in asthenozoospermic men, the investigators hypothesized that DHA supplementation may improve it. Furthermore, the investigators added vitamin E to it to protect its unsaturated bonds which are susceptible to oxidation and production of free oxygen radicals.


Options:
A: Couples Inclusion Criteria:

1. Heterosexual couples in a committed relationship with a female partner aged 18-45 years and male partner aged 18 years and older attempting to conceive and seeking assisted reproduction at participating fertility clinics.
2. Couples actively trying to conceive.
3. Couples who are planning ovulation induction (OI), natural fertility optimization methods, or intrauterine insemination (IUI) should be willing to be on the study dietary supplement for at least 3 weeks before starting the next assisted reproduction cycle.Women with regular periods may initiate their fertility therapy at the start of the woman's menstrual cycle following randomization if randomization occurred within the first 10 days of the cycle, but must wait one menstrual cycle if the visit occurred after day 10 of the cycle). For women with irregular periods or amenorrhea, the male must be on the study supplement for 3 weeks prior to initiation of any ovulation induction medication (e.g., clomid, letrozole, gonadotropins).

Couples Exclusion Criteria:

1. Female partner unwilling to participate (e.g., no abstraction of her assisted fertility treatment record or unwilling to complete baseline visit).
2. Couples using donor, cryopreserved sperm, or sperm obtained via microsurgical or percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration.
3. Couples attempting to conceive with a gestational carrier (surrogate).
4. Positive urine pregnancy test at screening.

Male Inclusion Criteria:

1. Willing to provide semen samples according to the proposed schedule at baseline, 2, 4, and 6 months of follow-up.
2. Able to complete regular study questionnaires and daily journals aimed at capturing ejaculation, sexual intercourse and lifestyle factors considered to affect male fecundity (e.g., cigarette smoking, fever, high temperature environment and other environmental exposures) and other data collection instruments (e.g., physical activity, food frequency questionnaire, stress).

Male Exclusion Criteria:

1. Age \<18 years.
2. Unwilling to abstain from use of non-study approved dietary supplements or medications containing folic acid or oral preparations containing zinc throughout the study.
3. Unwilling to abstain from use of testosterone supplementation throughout the study.
4. Diagnosis of Vitamin B12 deficiency or pernicious anemia.
5. Consuming a vegan diet.
6. A known genetic cause of male factor subfertility, including chromosomal disorders related to subfertility (e.g., Y chromosome deletions).
7. Males currently using and unwilling (or unable) to discontinue the following drugs known to interact with folic acid or interfere with the biosynthesis of folic acid will be excluded.

   1. Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitors: Trimethoprim, Triamterene, Bactrim, Iclaprim
   2. Sulfonamides: Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), Metolazone, Indapamide, Lasix, Bumex, Torsemide, Chlorthalidone, Acetazolamide, Mefruside, Xipamide
   3. Sulfonylureas: Glipizide, Glyburide
   4. Cox-2 inhibitors: Celecoxib
   5. Others: Valproic acid, Probenecid, Sulfasalazine, Sumatriptan, Mafenide, Ethoxzolamide, Sulfiram, Zonisamide, Dorzolamide (optic), Dichlorphenamide, Fluorouracil, Capecitabine, Methotrexate
8. History of organ transplantation.
9. Physician diagnosed:

   1. Current poorly controlled chronic diseases such as heart disease, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cancer, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune, thyroid disease, endocrine dysfunction, liver disease, kidney disease, or HIV/AIDS or other immune-insufficient related illnesses.
   2. Crohn's disease, celiac disease, ulcerative colitis, gastric bypass surgery, lap band surgery or history of intestinal surgery to remove a portion of small bowel. History of diseases/symptoms that require folic acid dietary supplementation, such as megaloblastic anemia, homocystinemia, and homocystinuria.
   3. History of alcohol dependency disorder and/or other drug/substance dependency in the past 180 days.
   4. History of psychoses or other mental conditions that would result in cognitive impairment and inability to participate in any part of this study including the informed consent process, as diagnosed by a physician within the past year.
10. History of vasectomy without reversal, obstructive azoospermia such as Congenital Bilateral Aplasia of Vas Deferens (CBAVD), or ejaculatory duct obstruction.
11. Known allergy to folic acid or zinc dietary supplements.

Female Exclusion Criteria:

Age \<18 or \>45 years.
B: Inclusion criteria:

* Willing to participate in the study and filling out the informed consent form
* should be infertile (no conception after 12 months intercourse without any contraception)
* age 20-45 y.o, idiopathic asthenospermia according to WHO criteria
* normal hormonal profile

Exclusion criteria:

* any infection in genitourinary (GU) tract
* any anatomical abnormality in GU tract
* any chronic disease during last 3 months
* any surgery in GU tract
* consumption of omega-3 fatty acids and/or vitamin E supplements during last 3 months
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* The presence of asthenozoospermia in the semen sample.

Exclusion Criteria:

* The absence of endocrinopathy, varicocele, and female factor infertility. Smokers and alcoholic men were excluded from the study because of their recognized high seminal ROS levels and decreased antioxidant levels.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Couples with failure to conceive for at least 12 months and starting with EM or Couples starting with 1st/ 2nd/3rd cycle of IUI (with/without ovarian stimulation) or Couples starting with 1st/ 2nd/3rd cycle of IVF/ICSI

Furthermore:

* Male with age 18-50 years
* Female partner with age 18-43 years
* Willing and able to give informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Planned or performed diagnostic testicular biopsy (TESE) or percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration (PESA)
* Use of donor-, cryopreserved- or electro-ejaculated semen
* Ovulation induction (OI) without IUI
* IVF for an absolute tubal factor
* Embryo-transfers after cryopreservation
* Embryo-transfer after pre-implantation genetic diagnosis
* Known genetic abnormalities related to infertility
* Known urological abnormality such as a varicocele or bilateral cryptorchism
* Use of other vitamin supplements

Answer: B