Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Virtual Reality Intervention for Stroke Rehabilitation
Brief Summary: In Israel approximately 16,000 people have a stroke each year. Most of these people suffer from weakness or paralysis of half of their body which leads to difficulties performing basic activities of daily life (BADL) such as dressing and walking. Due to the stroke, these individuals need to undergo intensive rehabilitation. After rehabilitation, physical activity has been strongly recommended to maintain their functional level which was achieved during rehabilitation. In addition regular physical activity can prevent secondary condition However, recent findings suggest that people with stroke do not perform enough physical activity with their upper and lower extremities.

The use of Virtual Reality (VR) for rehabilitation has been found to have potential for encouraging active purposeful movement. Many researchers have assessed the feasibility \& usability of different VR systems and environments for individuals with stroke. Costly VR systems in addition to off-the-shelf video game consoles (e.g. Sony PlayStation EyeToy, Nintendo Wii) have been found to have great potential to encourage active purposeful movement. However, to date, only a limited number of studies have investigated the effectiveness of VR therapy post-stroke.

Since physical activity is important after stroke and the fact that individuals with stroke are not participating sufficiently in physical activity, I suggest to carry out this study.

The overall aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of using novel technology of VR therapy to promote the participation in daily physical activity of individuals with stroke. A 'Community based' VR program will be compared to a traditional therapy program in promoting daily physical activity of the lower and upper extremities.

It is hypothesized that the VR intervention will be more efficient than the traditional therapy in promoting physical activity (walking and use of the weak upper extremity).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients affected by a stroke occurring in the period no longer than 1 year before the enrolment
* both first ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke
* subjects who did not had RFVE treatment previously
* scoring higher than 24 points in the Mini-Mental State Examination test

Exclusion Criteria:

* upper extremity complete hemiplegia
* upper limbs sensory disorders
* clinical evidence of cognitive impairment
* neglect
* apraxia
* comprehension difficulties
* post-traumatic injury of the upper limb
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Individuals who have sustained a stroke at least 6 months prior to the study.
2. Are living in the community.
3. Are not receiving rehabilitation treatments.
4. Are experiencing difficulty using their legs and/or arms
5. Are able to walk 10 meters (with or without assistance)
6. Able to understand and follow simple instructions and to sign the informed consent form (assessed using MMSE score \< 20/30 points).
7. Are willing to commit to attend two treatment sessions per week for 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Have suffered in the past from epilepsy seizures
2. Have a neurological or orthopedic condition other than stroke that prevented independence in walking and BADL prior the stroke.
3. Have uncontrolled high blood pressure or unstable cardio-vascular condition (according to a letter from the family doctor).
4. Have vision deficits that cannot be corrected with glasses
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hemiplegic stroke patients
* Medical research council scale \>= 2 of finger or wrist flexor/extensor
* Medical research council scale \>= 2 of elbow pronation/supination

Exclusion Criteria:

* Bilateral weakness of upper extremities
* Uncontrolled medical or surgical illness
* Predisposing psychological or neurological disorders
* Severe aphasia unable to communicate
* Severe cognitive impairment not to cooperate
* Severe pain impeding upper extremity rehabilitation
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Outpatients with full lower extremity weight bearing
* Requiring physiotherapy treatment twice weekly for Total Knee Arthroplasty rehabilitation.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Individuals with visual impairments
* Active painful osteoarthritis in the contralateral lower extremity
* Patients with uncorrected visual impairments
* English language barriers or impairments to their ability to follow instruction.

Answer: B