Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Efficacy and Effect of Methenamine Hippurate in a Non-antibiotic, Multimodal Approach to UTI Prevention
Brief Summary: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are the most common bacterial infection and are especially common in postmenopausal women, who often experience recurrent UTIs. Women with recurrent UTIs are commonly treated with antibiotics, but side effects, collateral damage to commensal bacteria, and antimicrobial resistance result from frequent antibiotic use. It is paramount that researchers develop non-antibiotic treatment strategies for UTIs.

Several non-antibiotic strategies may be successful in preventing recurrent UTIs in postmenopausal women, including low-dose vaginal estrogen, d-mannose, and methenamine hippurate. Methenamine hippurate (MH) is interesting as it causes few side effects, kills bacteria by denaturing bacterial proteins, RNA, and DNA, and does not develop resistance. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of daily methenamine on the incidence of UTI. However, women often require multiple therapies in order to prevent recurrence. There are currently few guidelines to help clinicians identify optimal treatment regimens for non-antibiotic prevention of UTI.

The purpose of this pilot study is to examine the feasibility of developing a sequential, multiple assignment, randomization trial (SMART); and examine the treatment effect of MH in combination with vaginal estrogen (VET) and D-mannose on prevention of UTI. The investigators plan to examine the efficacy of the addition of MH to low dose VET and d-mannose in the UTI prevention through randomization to MH + VET + D-mannose vs continuing VET + D-mannose alone. The primary outcome will be the proportion of patients who have symptomatic, culture-proven UTI during a 3 month treatment period. The investigators hypothesize that women on low dose VET, d-mannose, and MH will be less likely to have recurrent UTI than those with VET and d-mannose alone.

This study uses a pragmatic, longitudinal approach that mimics patients' clinical experiences and physicians' decision points during management of UTI prophylaxis. Through this randomized, controlled pilot study, this proposal would allow the investigators to examine the feasibility of conducting a larger-scale, adaptive study trial, and estimate the treatment effect of a non-antibiotic regimen augmented with MH in women who continue to develop recurrence.


Options:
A: Arm Label: mannose; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Mannose | Arm Label: placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Lactose | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Mannose; Assigned to Arm(s): mannose | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Lactose; Assigned to Arm(s): placebo
B: Arm Label: D Mannose; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: D Mannose, Drug: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | Arm Label: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: D Mannose, Drug: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: D Mannose; Assigned to Arm(s): D Mannose, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole; Assigned to Arm(s): D Mannose, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole
C: Arm Label: Treatment; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: WelTract | Arm Label: Control; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Placebo | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: WelTract; Assigned to Arm(s): Treatment | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Control
D: Arm Label: Methenamine augmentation; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Methenamine Hippurate 1000 MG, Drug: Vaginal estrogen, Dietary Supplement: D-mannose | Arm Label: No methenamine augmentation; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Vaginal estrogen, Dietary Supplement: D-mannose | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Methenamine Hippurate 1000 MG; Assigned to Arm(s): Methenamine augmentation | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Vaginal estrogen; Assigned to Arm(s): Methenamine augmentation, No methenamine augmentation | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: D-mannose; Assigned to Arm(s): Methenamine augmentation, No methenamine augmentation

Answer: D