Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Doctors and Local Media: a Synergy for Public Health Information? A Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effects of a Multifaceted Campaign on Antibiotic Prescribing
Brief Summary: Use of information campaigns and educational interventions directed to citizens and supported by physicians, aimed at promoting the appropriate use of medicines, have been evaluated by several studies with conflicting results. These interventions are potentially relevant, favouring the reduction of unnecessary use of medicines and related risks. Several studies have specifically evaluated the promotion of the appropriate use of antibiotics in adults and children, with variable results. A controlled study has been proposed to evaluate the feasibility and effectiveness of a multifaceted intervention aimed at reducing antibiotic prescription by increasing awareness on risks of their unnecessary use.

Information has been provided to citizens through several media (posters, local TV, radio and newspapers, video terminals, websites of Local Health Authorities). Brochures with information on expected benefits and risks of antibiotics has also been available, either with direct access in waiting rooms and pharmacies or handed out and mediated by doctors. Physicians and pharmacists received specific data on local antibiotic resistance. A small group of representative doctors have also actively participated in defining the campaign key messages. A sample of general practitioners and paediatricians have been trained in patient counselling strategies.

The information campaign has been implemented in two Provinces of Emilia-Romagna during the fall-winter season (November 2011-February 2012). Change in the overall prescribing rate of antibiotics (expressed as DDD per 1000 inhabitants/day) in the intervention area will be compared versus other areas in the same Region. Knowledge and attitudes of the general population will be evaluated through a phone and internet survey on a representative sample.

This study could observe a reduction lower than 5% in the prescribing rate of antibiotics.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Primary care practice sites within the Geisinger Health System

Exclusion Criteria:

* Sites with \< 1000 visits per year for acute respiratory infection
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Medical professionals licensed to provide care and prescribe medications (including antibiotics)
* Treating adult patients (18 years of age and older) from 5 Los Angeles community clinics

Exclusion Criteria:

* none
C: FAMILY PHYSICIANS:

Inclusion Criteria:

* All FP (teachers and residents) providing care in the walk-in clinic in each Family Practice Teaching Unit (FPTU) will be eligible to participate in the trial.

Exclusion Criteria:

* he/she was involved or participated in the DECISION + pilot RCT
* he/she is not expected to be practicing at the FPTU for the whole duration of the study (e.g. residents ending their residency program or doing rotations outside of the FPTU, planned pregnancy/delivery, planned retirement).

PATIENTS:

Inclusion Criteria:

* if 17 years old and under, must be accompanied by a parents or a guardians)
* they are consulting a participating physician for an ARI, for which treatment with an antibiotic is considered
* they are able (patients or the accompanying parent or guardians) to read, understand and write French (expected level: 8th grade)
* they give informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a condition requiring emergency care will be excluded.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* the campaign has been targeted at the general population in the intervention areas

Answer: D