Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to assess whether 4-months of interval-walking exercise training improves glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The effects of interval-walking training will be compared to continuous-walking exercise in a randomised, controlled trial design. Changes in glycemic control will be examined using oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) with stable isotope methodology. In addition, insulin sensitivity and secretion will be examined using glucose clamps combined with glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* age 18 to 80
* normal glucose tolerance, impaired glucose tolerance, or type 2 diabetes (as evidenced by use of oral hypoglycemic medication or 2-hour OGTT glucose \> 11.1 mmol/l)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Insulin treatment or type 1 diabetes
* BMI \<19 or \>40
* Physically active
* Undergoing weight-loss/gain
* Pregnancy
* Contraindication to exercise (ECG/CPX)
* Significant cardiovascular disease
* History of renal/hepatic/gastrointestinal/pulmonary disease
* Clotting or bleeding disorders
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. community-dwelling older adults aged 60 years and older as defined according to the United Nations standard numerical criterion (World Health Organization, 2016);
2. previously sedentary (i.e. engaged in less than 20 minutes per week of regular physical activity for the past month and \< 125 minutes/week of moderate intensity physical activity) (Stevens et al., 1998). Moderate intensity activity that is noticeable accelerates the heart rate and is equal to approximately 3-6 metabolic equivalents (METs) (American College of Sports Medicine, 2013);
3. at risk of feeling socially isolated or lonely (indicated by a score of 6 or higher out of 9) on the 3-item loneliness scale for the phone screening by Hughes et al. (2004) (Appendix 1 - Phone-based eligibility screening form);
4. physically mobile as measured using the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) (Guralnik et al., 1994) with a score ≥ 9 out of 12 (Pahor et al., 2014);
5. healthy or having one or more common chronic diseases but ambulatory;
6. without a cognitive disability as assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MOCA) (Nasreddine et al., 2005) with a score ≥ 22 out of 30 (Freitas et al., 2013);
7. able to give written informed consent;
8. English speaking and able to complete paper and pencil questionnaires.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. not community-dwelling older adults 60 years or over;
2. not previously sedentary;
3. currently taking part in another physical activity intervention;
4. not at risk for feeling socially isolated or lonely (i.e. score of less than 6 (out of 9) on the 3-item loneliness scale for the phone screening by Hughes et al., (2004);
5. moderate to severe cognitive disability or clinical diagnosis of dementia;
6. physical disability (i.e. SPPB score less than 9);
7. severe frailty or any chronic health condition that precludes participation in the physical activity intervention and significantly limits the physical mobility of the participant (i.e. hospital settings/ non-ambulatory regime);
8. cognitive disability (i.e. less than 14 points on MOCA);
9. not able to give written informed consent;
10. not English speaking that precludes taking pen and paper tests.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

\* Adults users of 4 Primary Health Care Centers in Catalunya.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous episode of ischemic heart disease (\<6 months).
* Outbreak of arthritis with limited ability to ambulate.
* Lung or heart disease with dyspnea mild-moderate efforts.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance or type 2-diabetes, including two or more of the following factors: Blood pressure ≥ 140/90 mm Hg, Triglycerides Fasting ≥ 1,7 mmol/l, and/or low HDL-cholesterol (≤ 0,9 mmol/l in men, ≤ 1,0 mmol/l in women)
* Obesity, Waist-hip ratio ≥ 0,9 in men, ≥ 0,85 in women or BMI (body mass index) ≥ 30 kg/m2
* Microalbuminuria (albumin secretion ≥ 20 mg/l or 20 - 200 g per minute)

Exclusion Criteria:

-

Answer: A