Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Foot Massage on Postpartum Comfort and Pain Level of the Mothers Who Had Vaginal Birth: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Background and Purpose: This study aims to investigate the effect of foot massage in the postpartum period on the need of receiving analgesic medication after assessing the postpartum comfort and pain status of the mothers who had vaginal delivery.Materials and methods: The study was completed with 66 mothers. As data collection tools, a questionnaire, Postpartum Comfort Scale (PCS), Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Drug Follow-up Card (DFC) were used.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* primipara mothers (who had their first birth),
* mothers who had normal vaginal delivery,
* those who had undergone episiotomy,
* who were volunteered to participate in the study,
* who were on the first day of delivery (first 24 hours),
* who had no complications in the infant and the baby,
* age of whom ranged from 18 to 35,
* those who did not apply or receive any other complementary therapy,
* mothers who did not have any wound, infection or discomfort etc. on their feet,
* mothers who can read and write

Exclusion Criteria:

* mothers with any systemic disease
* mothers who dislike foot massage during practice
* early discharge mothers
* mothers who applied another massage technique
* mothers who take the analgesic drug unnecessarily
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years of age and older
* Pregnant
* Admitted to labor and delivery
* Anticipated spontaneous vaginal delivery
* Informed consent obtained

Exclusion Criteria:

* Documented chronic pain condition
* Chronic narcotic use or Maternal Abstinence Treatment
* UDS positive for opiates on admission
* Trial of labor after cesarean
* Lack of sufficient English proficiency to obtain informed consent
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy female with a diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) by Carpenter-Coustan criteria (see below) in most recent singleton or twin pregnancy (Carpenter \& Coustan, 1982)
* Women with a glucose value \>200 mg/dL after a 50-g glucose challenge test at \>12 weeks' gestation will also be included
* 18-45 years old
* No personal history of Type 1 or 2 diabetes
* Pre-pregnancy body mass index between 18 and 40 kg/m2
* Six weeks postpartum body mass index between 25 and 50 kg/m2
* Capable of providing informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pre-pregnancy diagnosis of diabetes (type 1, 2, or a secondary form of diabetes)
* Pre-pregnancy body mass index \<18 kg/m2 (underweight) or \>40 kg/m2 (morbidly obese)
* Current pregnancy
* Six weeks postpartum body mass index \<25 kg/m2 or \>50 kg/m2
* Excessive alcohol intake defined as \>1 beverage per night or past history of alcohol abuse (within the previous 5 years)
* Current or past recreational drug use (within the previous 5 years)
* Diagnosis of diseases associated with glucose metabolism
* Taking certain prescription medication including glucocorticoids, atypical antipsychotics associated with weight gain (such as respirdal(respiradone), clozapine (klozaril), olanzapine (zyprexa), quetiapine (seroquel), etc.) or weight loss medications including prescription, non-prescription or herbal medications
* Personal history of breast cancer or any other type of cancer other than a basal cell skin cancer
* Personal history of cardiovascular disease (coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, valvular heart disease, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or intermittent claudication), kidney disease, liver disease, venous or arterial thromboembolic disease, adrenal insufficiency, depression requiring hospitalization within the past 6 months, or non-pregnancy related illness requiring overnight hospitalization in the past 6 months
* Underlying disease/treatment that might interfere with participation in/completion of the study (e.g., significant gastrointestinal conditions, major psychiatric disorders, and others at the discretion of the study clinician)
* Other active medical problems detected by examination or laboratory testing
* Plans to be in a different geographic area within the year
* Unable to give informed consent
* Non-English speaking
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women in labor

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not a candidate for neuraxial anesthesia
* Patient refusal
* Allergy to morphine
* Patients with chronic pain syndromes

Answer: A