Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomised, Single-dose, Dose Ascending, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Four-way, Incomplete Block Crossover Study to Investigate the Safety, Tolerability, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Inhaled Doses of GW642444M With Magnesium Stearate in COPD Patients.
Brief Summary: This study will involve the use of a new compound, GW642444 that is being developed for the treatment of asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It works by acting on cells in the lungs, causing some of the muscles around the lungs to relax and open up better (bronchodilation), making breathing easier. When a medicine is made into a form ready to be given to patients, the active ingredient is often prepared in the form of a salt, and inactive ingredients (excipients) are often added. Inactive ingredients might be used to help a medicine work better, to make it easier to produce the medicine, or to make it easier to get an accurate dose of medicine. In previous studies the study drug has been given as a dry powder in the form of either the 'H' salt (with the excipient lactose), or in the form of the 'M' salt (with the excipients lactose and cellobiose octaacetate). In this study the 'M' salt form of the study drug has been prepared with lactose and a new excipient called magnesium stearate (instead of cellobiose octaacetate). Participants in this study will receive both the 'H' salt (GW642444H) and the new 'M' salt (GW642444M) containing magnesium stearate. This study will be the first time the new 'M' salt form of the study drug will be given to COPD patients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinical diagnosis of asthma
* Reversibility FEV1 of twelve percent or greater and two hundred milliliters and greater approximately ten to forty minutes following two to four inhalations of albuterol
* FEV1 of fifty to ninety percent of predicted
* Currently using inhaled corticosteroid therapy
* History of one or more asthma exacerbations requiring treatment with oral/systemic corticosteroids or emergency department visit or in-patient hospitalization in previous year

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of life threatening asthma in previous 5 years (requiring intubation, and/or associated with hypercapnia, hypoxic seizure or respiratory arrest
* Respiratory infection or oral candidiasis
* - Uncontrolled disease or clinical abnormality
* Allergies
* Taking another investigational medication or prohibited medication
B: Inclusion criteria:

* Male or female (of non-childbearing potential) \> or = 40 years
* History of COPD
* Smoker or ex-smoker
* Body weight \> or = 50 kg with BMI 18-32 kg/m2

Exclusion criteria:

* History of significant disease
* Subjects with a primary asthma diagnosis
* Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency as underlying cause of COPD
* Recent respiratory tract infection
* Poorly controlled COPD
* Blood potassium level \< 3.5mmol/L
* Short-term or long tern oxygen therapy
* Recent participation in another trial
* History of drug or alcohol abuse
* Known allergies
* Recent blood donation
* ECG abnormalities
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Outpatients at least 12 years of age
* Male and female; female subjects of childbearing potential must be willing to use birth control
* Pre-bronchodilator FEV1 of 40-90% predicted normal
* Reversibility FEV1 of at least 12% and 200mL
* Current asthma therapy includes inhaled corticosteroid use for at least 12 weeks prior to first visit

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of life-threatening asthma during last 10 years
* Respiratory infection or oral candidiasis
* Asthma exacerbation requiring oral corticosteroids or that required overnight hospitalisation requiring additional asthma treatment
* Uncontrolled disease or clinical abnormality
* Allergies to study drugs or the excipients
* Taking another investigational medication or prohibited medication
* Night shift workers
* Current smokers or subjects with a smoking history of at least 10 pack years
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Subjects eligible for enrollment in the study must meet all of the following criteria:

* Type of Subject: Outpatient
* Age: 12 years of age or older at Visit 1. For sites in the following countries, subjects recruited will be ≥18 years of age: Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Lithuania, New Zealand, Russian Federation, Turkey and any other countries where local regulations or the regulatory status of study medication permit enrollment of adults only.
* Gender: Male or Eligible Female
* To be eligible for entry into the study, females of childbearing potential must commit to consistent and correct use of an acceptable method of birth control, as defined by the following:
* Male partner who is sterile prior to the female subject's entry into the study and is the sole sexual partner for that female subject
* Implants of levonorgestrel
* Injectable progestogen
* Oral contraceptive (either combined estrogen/progestin or progestin only)
* Any intrauterine device (IUD) with a documented failure rate of less than 1% per year.
* Females of childbearing potential who are not sexually active must commit to complete abstinence from intercourse throughout the clinical trial and for a period after the trial to account for elimination of the drug (minimum of six days).
* Double barrier method - spermicide plus a mechanical barrier (e.g., spermicide plus a male condom or a spermicide and female diaphragm).
* NB: For German sites, female subjects must use a method of birth control other than the double barrier method.
* The contraceptive transdermal patch, Ortho Evra (if the subject is less than 198 pounds)
* Female subjects should not be enrolled if they are pregnant, lactating or plan to become pregnant during the time of study participation. A serum pregnancy test is required of all females. This test will be performed at the initial screening visit (Visit 1) and Visit 8. In addition, a urine pregnancy test will be performed on the evening of the double-blind treatment visit, prior to randomization (Visit 3) and at Visits 4 through 7.
* Asthma Diagnosis: Asthma as defined by the National Institutes of Health \[National Institutes of Health, 2007\].
* Severity of Disease: A best FEV1 of 40%-85% of the predicted normal value during the morning Visit 1 screening period or a best FEV1 of 40%-90% of the predicted normal value during the evening Visit 1 screening period.
* Reversibility of Disease: Demonstrated a ≥ 12% and ≥200mL reversibility of FEV1 within approximately 30-minutes following 4 inhalations of albuterol/salbutamol inhalation aerosol (spacers are permitted for reversibility testing if required) or one nebulized albuterol/salbutamol solution at the screening period. Re-screening of subjects during the Visit 1 screening period: If a subject does not meet the inclusion criteria based upon FEV1 percent predicted and/or reversibility, the subject may return to the site once within 4 days and repeat the lung function tests.
* Current Anti-Asthma Therapy: Subjects must have been using a non-corticosteroid controller or short acting beta2-agonist bronchodilators alone (with no inhaled corticosteroids use for at least 6 weeks) for ≥ 3 months preceding Visit 1.
* Short- Acting Beta2-Agonists: All subjects must be able to replace their current short-acting beta2-agonists with albuterol/salbutamol inhalation aerosol at Visit 1 for use as needed for the duration of the study. The use of spacer devices with metered dose inhaler (MDI) or nebulized albuterol/salbutamol will not be allowed during the study with the exception of their use during reversibility testing at Visit 1. Subjects must be able to withhold all inhaled short-acting beta sympathomimetic bronchodilators for at least 6 hours prior to all study visits.
* Informed Consent: All subjects must be able and willing to give written informed consent to take part in the study.
* Compliance: Subjects must be able to comply with completion of the Daily Diary (includes paper medical conditions diary).
* French subjects: In France, a subject will be eligible for inclusion in this study only if either affiliated to or a beneficiary of a social security category.

Inclusion Criteria for Randomization

At the end of the run-in period, a subject will be eligible to enter the treatment period of the study if he/she meets the following criteria at Visit 3:

* Evening pre-dose percent predicted FEV1 of between 40% and 90% of their predicted normal.
* Any combination of the daily asthma symptom scores (day-time plus night-time) of ≥1 or albuterol/salbutamol use on at least 4 of the last 7 consecutive days of the run-in period (immediately preceding Visit 3).

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of Life-threatening asthma: Defined for this protocol as an asthma episode that required intubation and/or was associated with hypercapnia, respiratory arrest or hypoxic seizures.
* Respiratory Infection: Culture-documented or suspected bacterial or viral infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract, sinus or middle ear that is not resolved within 4 weeks before Visit 1 and led to a change in asthma management, or in the opinion of the Investigator is expected to affect the subjects asthma status or the subjects ability to participate in the study.
* Asthma Exacerbation: Any asthma exacerbation requiring oral corticosteroids within 3 months of Visit 1. A subject must not have had any hospitalization for asthma within 6 months prior to Visit 1.
* Concurrent Diseases/Abnormalities: Historical or current evidence of clinically significant uncontrolled disease including, but not limited to: cardiovascular disease, hepatic disease, renal disease, hematological disease, neurological disease, or pulmonary disease (including, but not confined to chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis with the need of treatment, cystic fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). Significant is defined as any disease that, in the opinion of the investigator, would put the safety of the subject at risk through participation, or which would affect the efficacy or safety analysis if the disease/condition exacerbated during the study. The list of additional excluded conditions/diseases includes, but is not limited to the following: congestive heart failure, clinically significant coronary heart disease, stroke within 3 months of Visit 1, poorly controlled peptic ulcer, immunologic compromise, tuberculosis (current or untreated), Addison's disease, uncontrolled thyroid disorder, known aortic aneurysm, clinically significant cardiac arrhythmia, uncontrolled hypertension1, hematological, hepatic, or renal disease, current malignancy2, cushings disease, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, recent history of drug or alcohol abuse.
* systolic blood pressure ≥160, or diastolic blood pressure \>100
* history of malignancy is acceptable only if subject has been in remission for one year prior to Visit 1 (remission = no current evidence of malignancy and no treatment for the malignancy in the 12 months prior to Visit 1)
* Patients with a history of tuberculosis who have received an approved prophylactic treatment regimen or an approved active treatment regimen and who have had no evidence of active disease for a minimum of 2 years may be enrolled \[American Thoracic Society, 2003; American Thoracic Society, 2005\]"
* Oropharyngeal Examination: A subject will not be eligible for the run-in if he/she has clinical visual evidence of oral candidiasis at Visit 1.
* Investigational Medications: A subject must not have participated in a study or used any investigational drug within 30 days prior to Visit 1.
* Drug Allergy: Any adverse reaction including immediate or delayed hypersensitivity to any beta2-agonist, sympathomimetic drug, or any intranasal, inhaled, or systemic corticosteroid therapy. Known or suspected sensitivity to the constituents of the novel dry powder inhaler or DISKUS/ACCUHALER (i.e., lactose or magnesium stearate).
* Milk Protein Allergy: History of severe milk protein allergy.
* Immunosuppressive Medications: A subject must not be using, or require use, of immunosuppressive medications during the study.

NOTE: Immunotherapy for the treatment of allergies is allowed during the study provided that the treatment was initiated prior to Visit 1 and the subject is maintained on a stable regimen throughout the study period.

* Attendance: A subject will not be eligible if he/she or his/her parent or legal guardian has any infirmity, disability, or geographical location which seems likely (in the opinion of the Investigator) to impair compliance with any aspect of this study protocol or scheduled visits to the study center and non-compliant with study medication or procedures (e.g. completion of daily diary). Neurological or psychiatric disease or history of drug or alcohol abuse which in the opinion of the investigator could interfere with the subject's proper completion of the protocol requirements excludes study participation.
* Tobacco Use : Current smoker or a smoking history of 10 pack years or more (e.g. 20 cigarettes/day for 10 years). A subject may not have used tobacco products within the past one year (i.e., cigarettes, cigars, or pipe tobacco).
* Affiliation with Investigator's Site: A subject will not be eligible for this study if he/she is an immediate family member of the participating Investigator, sub-Investigator, study coordinator, or employee of the participating Investigator.
* Corticosteroid Use: Administration of systemic, oral or depot corticosteroids within 12 weeks of Visit 1.

Administration of inhaled corticosteroids within 6 weeks of Visit 1.

* Potent Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors: Patients who are receiving potent CYP3A4 inhibitors within 4 weeks of Visit 1 (e.g., ritonavir, ketoconazole, itraconazole).

Exclusion Criteria for Randomization At the end of the run-in period, a subject will not be eligible to enter the treatment period of the study if they meet any of the following criteria.

* Clinical Laboratory Abnormalities: Clinically significant abnormal laboratory tests during Visit 1 which are still abnormal upon repeat analysis and are not believed to be due to disease(s) present. Each Investigator will use his/her own discretion in determining the clinical significance of the abnormality. When in doubt, GlaxoSmithKline, or designee, should be notified so that a joint decision can be made.
* Changes in asthma medication (excluding albuterol/salbutamol inhalation aerosol provided at Visit 1).
* Occurrence of an culture-documented or suspected bacterial or viral infection of the upper or lower respiratory tract, sinus or middle ear during the run-in period that led to a change in asthma management, or in the opinion of the Investigator is expected to affect the subject's asthma status or the subject's ability to participate in the study.
* Asthma exacerbation, defined as any worsening of asthma requiring any treatment other than rescue albuterol/salbutamol or regular inhaled corticosteroid use. This includes requiring the use of systemic corticosteroids and / or emergency room visit or hospitalization or a change in subject's regular inhaled corticosteroid dose.
* A subject will not be eligible for randomization if he/she has an abnormal visual oropharyngeal exam at the randomization Visit 3 (visual clinical evidence of oral candidiasis).
* Non-compliance with completion of the Daily Diary, defined as: - Completion of AM and PM symptom scores on less than 4 days out of the last 7 days immediately preceding Visit 3.
* Completion of AM and PM rescue use on less than 4 days out of the last 7 days immediately preceding Visit 3.
* Completion of AM and PM PEF measurements on less than 4 days out of the last 7 days immediately preceding Visit 3.
* Recording run-in asthma medication use on less than 4 days out of the last 7 days immediately preceding Visit 3.

Answer: B