Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Reducing the Transmission of Influenza by Face Masks
Brief Summary: Pharmaceutical interventions, particularly vaccination, have been the principal public health method of preventing and controlling seasonal influenza. Other less invasive non-pharmaceutical interventions include the use of face masks and hand hygiene. In Asia, masks are used extensively, especially in Japan, but with only circumstantial evidence of efficacy. Although there are numerous studies that support hand hygiene as an effective measure for decreasing transmission of enteric infections, there are fewer data assessing the effect of hand hygiene on respiratory illnesses. Therefore it is proposed that a study be conducted on the use of face masks with and without the use of hand hygiene in comparison to no intervention in residence housing units of the University of Michigan. The interventions will be carried out during a period of influenza transmission that is defined by surveillance conducted at the University Health Service. Data will be collected on use of the interventions and the occurrence of influenza and other illnesses. When illness occurs meeting a case definition, specimens for viral isolation will be collected in all intervention settings. Face masks could theoretically lead to a large reduction in transmission frequency of influenza, especially if most transmission occurs by the airborne (large or small droplet) route. Even a modest reduction could have a major effect during an influenza pandemic.


Options:
A: Arm Label: 1 and 2 - Adults; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: rHPIV1 84/del170/942A, Lot PIV1 #104A vaccine | Arm Label: 3A - Seropositive Children; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: rHPIV1 84/del170/942A, Lot PIV1 #104A vaccine | Arm Label: 3B - Seropositive Children; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Biological: Placebo | Arm Label: 4A - Seronegative Infants and Children; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: rHPIV1 84/del170/942A, Lot PIV1 #104A vaccine | Arm Label: 4B - Seronegative Infants and Children; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Biological: Placebo | Arm Label: 5A - Seronegative Infants and Children; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: rHPIV1 84/del170/942A, Lot PIV1 #104A vaccine | Arm Label: 5B - Seronegative Infants and Children; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Biological: Placebo | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: rHPIV1 84/del170/942A, Lot PIV1 #104A vaccine; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 and 2 - Adults, 3A - Seropositive Children, 4A - Seronegative Infants and Children, 5A - Seronegative Infants and Children | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): 3B - Seropositive Children, 4B - Seronegative Infants and Children, 5B - Seronegative Infants and Children
B: Arm Label: Rotavirus Vaccine at age 6 & 10 weeks; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Biological: Human Rotavirus Vaccine | Arm Label: Rotavirus vaccine at age 10 & 14 weeks; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: Human Rotavirus Vaccine | Arm Label: Rotavirus vaccine at age 6,10,&14 weeks; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: Human Rotavirus Vaccine | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Human Rotavirus Vaccine; Assigned to Arm(s): Rotavirus Vaccine at age 6 & 10 weeks, Rotavirus vaccine at age 10 & 14 weeks, Rotavirus vaccine at age 6,10,&14 weeks
C: Arm Label: Facemask and hand hygiene; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Ear Loop Procedure Mask, Behavioral: 62% Ethyl Alcohol Hand Sanitizer | Arm Label: Facemask only; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Ear Loop Procedure Mask | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Ear Loop Procedure Mask; Assigned to Arm(s): Facemask and hand hygiene, Facemask only | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: 62% Ethyl Alcohol Hand Sanitizer; Assigned to Arm(s): Facemask and hand hygiene
D: Arm Label: Ad26.RSV.preF Plus Fluarix Then Placebo: Group 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: Ad26.RSV.preF, Biological: Fluarix, Biological: Placebo | Arm Label: Placebo Plus Fluarix Then Ad26.RSV.preF: Group 2; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: Ad26.RSV.preF, Biological: Fluarix, Biological: Placebo | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Ad26.RSV.preF; Assigned to Arm(s): Ad26.RSV.preF Plus Fluarix Then Placebo: Group 1, Placebo Plus Fluarix Then Ad26.RSV.preF: Group 2 | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Fluarix; Assigned to Arm(s): Ad26.RSV.preF Plus Fluarix Then Placebo: Group 1, Placebo Plus Fluarix Then Ad26.RSV.preF: Group 2 | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Ad26.RSV.preF Plus Fluarix Then Placebo: Group 1, Placebo Plus Fluarix Then Ad26.RSV.preF: Group 2

Answer: C