Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Health Impact Evaluation of the "Community-Based Environmental Health Promotion Programme" in Rwanda
Brief Summary: Community Health Clubs to improve local sanitation, hygiene and health conditions have been implemented in several countries in Africa and Asia with some success. The Ministry of Health in Rwanda has committed to rolling out a program designed along similar lines, the Community Based Environmental Health Promotion Program (CBEHPP), in all 15000 villages across Rwanda. The main objective of the program is to achieve 'zero open defecation' in all villages of Rwanda, at least 80% hygienic latrine coverage and improvements in a range of health behaviors such as the use of mosquito nets, hand-washing with soap and the use of household water treatment.

To evaluate the impact of the program on health, other socio-economic outcomes and community functioning, a single district has been chosen where 150 communities will be randomized to receive the intervention immediately or 18 months later. The evaluation is led by US based Innovation for Poverty Action (IPA) through researchers based at the National University of Rwanda, Georgetown University, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and New York University. The research team will work in close collaboration with the implementing team, which consists of the Ministry of Health, Rwanda and Africa AHEAD.

The study will span three years, beginning in May 2013, and ending in late 2015.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

(1) Infants (target child) will be eligible to participate in the study if they are:

1. They are in utero at the baseline survey
2. Their parents/guardians are planning to stay in the study village for the next 12 months (if a mother is planning to give birth at her natal home and then return, she will still be a candidate for enrollment)

(2) Children \< 36 months old at baseline that are living in the compound of a target child will be eligible to participate in diarrhea measurement if:

1. They are \< 36 months old at the baseline survey
2. Their parents/guardians are planning to stay in the study village for the next 12 months

(3) Children 18 - 27 months old at baseline that are living in the compound of a target child will be eligible to participate in intestinal parasite specimen collection if:

1. They are 18 - 27 months old at the baseline survey
2. Their parents/guardians are planning to stay in the study village for the next 12 months
B: Inclusion Criteria:

-All households with children under 5 years in the study communities are eligible for socio-economic and health outcome evaluation.

Exclusion Criteria:

-All households are eligible to participate in the intervention. However, for the purposes of the study, households with no children under the age of 5 will not be selected for data collection purposes.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* All people above 18 years of age.

Exclusion Criteria:

-
D: Study participants will be women who are rural residents of Chirumanzu or Shurugwi districts in Zimbabwe and who become pregnant during the enrollment period of the trial and are identified and consent to participation during pregnancy, and their live born infants. A total of 5280 women will be enrolled.

Inclusion Criteria:

Pregnant women residing in the study districts, whose pregnancy is confirmed by a urine pregnancy test.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women residing in the study districts who become pregnant during the enrollment period but do not consent to join the trial
* Women who reside in urban areas of these two districts
* Infants with major non-fatal abnormalities will not be excluded from study procedures, but will be excluded from the final analytic sample if the abnormality is likely to directly affect gut health/function or stature (e.g. neural tube defects, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome)

Answer: B