Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Integrating Mobile Phone-Based Intervention With Test and Treat Strategy to Improve Clinic Attendance for Antiretroviral Pills Pick Up Among HIV Positive Individuals in Nepal: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has been a game changer in the context of HIV-epidemic. From 2005 to 2015, HIV-related deaths have fallen by 45% thanks to ART. However, ART's success heavily depends on HIV-positive individuals' high adherence to it. This includes clinic attendance for various purposes. It is necessary among HIV-positive individuals for their antiretroviral (ARV) pills pick up, monitoring of their treatment outcomes, and treatment of their opportunistic infections. Among them, ARV pills pick up is the major reason for the ART clinic attendance. Improving clinic attendance for pills pick up remains one of the key challenges to ART programs. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends more than 90% on-time ARV pills pick up as per the early warning indicators of HIV-drug resistance. Among six Asian countries, none of the 1048 clinics under the study could meet the WHO target. Among HIV-positive individuals, clinic attendance for pills pick can be improved by using mobile phones. Those who receive mobile phone reminders are two times more likely to attend their clinics regularly than those who did not receive such reminders. Nepal belongs to a low-income country and is facing a similar problem, too. In 2015, approximately 39,000 people were estimated to be living with HIV and ART coverage was limited to only 31.5%. In the same year, only 32% of the HIV-positive individuals attended their clinics regularly for ARV pills pick up. Like other countries, one of the potential strategies is to use mobile phones effectively in Nepal. Mobile phones have been very widely used in Nepal. In 2016, Nepal had 27.9 million mobile phone users, against the population of 26.5 million. Under such a context, mobile phone reminders can be effective to improve clinic attendance among HIV-positive individuals. However, the effectiveness of such interventions barely remains examined by using a randomized controlled trial. This study evaluates the effectiveness of mobile phone reminder intervention on improving clinic attendance for ARV pills pick up and medication adherence among HIV-positive individuals on ART following the implementation of test and treat strategy in Nepal.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* More than 18 years or emancipated minor
* Has access to mobile phone
* Self-identifying female sex worker
* Willing to receive study SMS messages
* HIV-positive (any WHO stage or CD4)
* Able to read or have someone else read
* ART naïve
* Informed consent obtained and signed.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Plans to move away in next 6 months
* Contraindication to ART
B: Inclusion criteria

* Eligibility criteria

  1. be 18 years or over;
  2. own a mobile phone;
  3. started treatment following test and treat strategy; and
  4. under the first line ART regimen
* Exclusion criteria HIV-positive individuals will be excluded if they have severe physical and mental illnesses.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* First dose of primary vaccination series
* Parents owning a mobile phone and able to decipher SMS messages
* Consent form signed

Exclusion Criteria:

* Moving away from the study site in the next 12 months
* Ineligible for primary vaccination series by the MOH
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* 16 years of age or older
* male
* report having had anal sex with another man at least once in the past
* currently reside in China
* willing to provide working mobile phone number and WeChat account

Exclusion Criteria:

* previous HBV vaccination
* previous HBV testing
* previous HCV testing

Answer: B