Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effectiveness of Fast Muscle Activation and Stepping Training (FAST) on Balance and Mobility Post-stroke
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether FAST (Fast muscle Activation and Stepping Training) exercises will improve walking balance in individuals after stroke to a greater extent than usual care.

Hypothesis: The primary hypothesis is that improvements in walking balance will be larger following 12 sessions of FAST exercise retraining compared to usual care in persons in the sub-acute phase after stroke.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age \>/=18
* Stroke within 45-days
* Residual paresis in the lower extremity (fugl-meyer le motor score \< 34)
* Ability to sit unsupported for 30 seconds
* Ability to walk at least 10 feet with maximum 1 person assist
* Ability to follow a three step command
* Provision of informed consent
* A self-selected 10 meter gait speed less than 0.8 m/s at the 2-month post-stroke assessment
* Successful completion of an exercise tolerance test

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lived in nursing home prior to stroke
* Unable to ambulate at least 150 feet prior to stroke, or experienced intermittent claudication while walking less than 200 meters
* Serious cardiac conditions (history of congestive heart failure, documented serious and unstable cardiac arrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, severe aortic stenosis, angina or dyspnea at rest or during activities of daily living). Anyone meeting New York Heart Association criteria for Class 3 or Class 4 heart disease will be excluded
* History of serious chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or oxygen dependence
* Severe weight bearing pain
* Preexisting neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), dementia, or previous stroke with residual neurological deficits
* History of major head trauma
* Lower extremity amputation
* Non-healing ulcers on the lower extremity
* Renal dialysis or end stage liver disease
* Legal blindness or severe visual impairment
* A history of significant psychiatric illness defined by diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder, psychosis, schizophrenia or medication refractory depression
* Life expectancy less than one year
* Severe arthritis or orthopedic problems that limit passive ranges of motion of lower extremity (knee flexion contracture of -10°, knee flexion Range of Motion (ROM) \< 90°, hip flexion contracture \> 25°, and ankle plantar flexion contracture \> 15°
* History of sustained alcoholism or drug abuse in the last six months
* Major post-stroke depression as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9 \>/= 10) that is not medically managed with antidepressant medication and/or psychotherapy
* History of pulmonary embolism within 6 months
* Uncontrollable diabetes with recent weight loss, diabetic coma, or frequent insulin reactions
* Severe hypertension with systolic greater than 200 mmHg and diastolic greater than 110 mmHg at rest,
* Previous or current enrollment in a clinical trial to enhance stroke motor recovery
* Lives more than 50 miles from the training sites
* Unable to travel 3 times per week for outpatient training programs
* Intracranial hemorrhage related to aneurysmal rupture or an arteriovenous malformation (hemorrhagic infarctions will not be excluded)

Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be determined by a chart review, depression screen and subject interview by study physician or study coordinator. After initial chart and subject interview, each subject's treating physician will be asked to review inclusion and exclusion criteria and provide a letter supporting inclusion in the study. All subjects who meet selection criteria must successfully complete an exercise tolerance test
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Ischaemic acute stroke
* Informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* 25 ≤ National Institute of Health Stroke Scale ≤ 32
* Rankim ≥ 5
* Mini Mental State Examination ≤ 24
* tDCS criteria: use of modulators of the Central Nervous System drugs; patients with implanted metallic or electronic devices; pacemaker; seizures; pregnancy;any other condition that might limit or interfere in the sensorimotor system CIMT criteria: inability to actively execute the movements of wrist flexion, metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal active extension of 10º and wrist extension of 20º
C: Study population: Subjects with a diagnosis of stroke

Inclusion Criteria:

* first stroke (\<6 months ago)
* presence of hemiparesis in the lower extremity
* minimum Berg Balance Score (BBS) of 30/56
* cognitive ability to give informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* bilateral stroke, or a previous stroke in the other hemisphere
* severe co-morbidity that is likely to dominate the pattern of care
* co-existing peripheral neuropathies or disorders of the vestibular apparatus
* musculoskeletal problems
* global aphasia or receptive aphasia
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Ischemic stroke affecting the right hemisphere, confirmed by CT or MRI.
2. Persistent neglect for one month after ictus (confirmed by BIT).
3. Prestroke functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2).
4. Between 18-90 years of age

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients younger than 18.
2. Patients who do not understand verbal or written English (ie.need of translaters)
3. bilateral infarcts (Confirmed by CT, MRI)
4. Dementia (MOCA, Score \<26).
5. Neurological Disease (eg. Parkinson's Disease, epilepsy, MS)
6. Significant morbidity (eg cancer, severe cardiac failure) likely to affect participation.
7. Alcohol excess (more than 50/40 units a week for men/women respectively).
8. Patients who fall under the exclusion criteria for TDCS which includes patients suffering from a stroke related seizure :

History of epilepsy, medications or psychoactive drugs that can lower seizure threshold \[imipramine, amitriptyline, doxepine, nortriptyline, maprotiline, chlorpromazine, clozapine, foscarnet, ganciclovir, ritonavir, amphetamines, cocaine, (MDMA, ecstasy), phencyclidine (PCP, angel dust), ketamine, gammahydroxybutyrate (GHB), alcohol, theophylline\]. Withdrawal from alcohol, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, meprobamate, chloral hydrate. Patients who are pregnant or have suffered from a stroke-related seizure.

Answer: C