Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: An Exercise Intervention to Prevent Recurrent GDM
Brief Summary: Women diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) are at substantially increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and obesity, currently at epidemic rates in the United States. GDM, therefore, identifies a population of women at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes and thus provides an excellent opportunity to intervene years before the development of this disorder. It is well recognized that acute as well as chronic physical activity reduce fasting plasma glucose as well as improve glucose tolerance in type 2 diabetes. Recent studies have suggested that women with higher levels of physical activity have reduced risk of GDM. Therefore, we will test the hypothesis that an exercise intervention is an effective tool for preventing GDM among women with a history of GDM.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant
* Gestational age at enrollment 24 - 31 weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diabetes diagnosed prior to pregnancy
* Abnormal gestational diabetes (\>= 135 mg/dl) testing prior to 24 weeks' gestation
* Gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy
* History of stillbirth or fetal death
* Pregnancy with more than one fetus
* Known major fetal anomaly
* Current or planned corticosteroid therapy
* Asthma requiring medication
* Current or planned beta adrenergic therapy
* Chronic hypertension requiring medication within 6 months of or during pregnancy
* Chronic medical conditions such as HIV/AIDS, kidney disease, or congenital heart disease
* Hematologic or autoimmune disease such as sickle cell disease, other hemoglobinopathies, lupus, or antiphospholipid syndrome
* Maternal or fetal conditions likely to require preterm delivery, such as pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, or intrauterine growth retardation
* Previous or planned tocolytic therapy to induce labor or increase contraction strength
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Women between 22-36 weeks of pregnancy who are diagnosed with GDM
* A diagnosis of GDM during the current pregnancy by two or more 100g Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) values exceeding established thresholds (fasting 95, 1h 180, 2h 155, 3h 140 mg/dL)
* Age 18-45 years old
* A pre-pregnancy body mass index \> 25kg/m2

  * Ability to read and write in English
  * Willingness to consent for themselves and their infant

Exclusion Criteria:

* They have a A1c ≥ 6.5 mg/dL (Type 2 diabetes)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* history of gestational diabetes or overweight (\>25 kg/m2) with family history of type 2 diabetes
* sedentary

Exclusion Criteria:

* history of diagnosis of diabetes, hypertension, heart disease or chronic renal disease
* current medications which adversely influence glucose tolerance
* not planning to continue the pregnancy to term
* \>16 weeks gestation
* contraindications to participating in moderate physical activity
* inability to read English at a 6th grade level
* self-reported participation in \>30 min of moderate or vigorous-intensity exercise on \>3 days/wk
* prior participation in the study
* non-singleton pregnancy
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Gestational age between 24 and 26 weeks
* Diagnosis of GDM at the 75g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)
* Singleton pregnancy

Exclusion Criteria:

* Body mass index \> 40 or \< 12kg/m2
* Any known diseases (pre-existing diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, liver/kidney diseases, cancers, arterial hypertension)
* Patients on any drugs

Answer: C