Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Sustaining Cessation in Smokers With Kids With Asthma
Brief Summary: Parents of Asthmatics Quit Smoking (PAQS-2) is a randomized controlled trial of a smoking cessation intervention for parents who smoke. Children had either a diagnosis of asthma (and an asthma emergency within the past 3 months) or were healthy (and had no medical conditions in the past 3 months). The study intervention aimed to help parents (or caregivers) quit smoking and reduce children's second hand smoke exposure. Participants received 2 home counseling sessions with asthma education (if they had a child with asthma), child wellness (if they had a healthy child) and smoking cessation counseling (including objective feedback on how much smoke the child was exposed to). Parents of children with asthma were then randomized into 2 groups; one group received 6 counseling phone calls focused on motivating smoking cessation and a second round of feedback on smoke exposure (Enhanced). The other groups received six calls focused on asthma (PAM asthma group) or child wellness (Healthy group). We had 2 primary aims. First, to explore the "teachable moment" we compared quit rates between the parents of children with asthma to the parents of healthy children. We hypothesized that the Asthma group would have significantly greater quit rates than the Healthy group and lower levels of environmental tobacco smoke in the home. We also hypothesized that parents who smoke and have children with asthma would have greater changes in the variables associated with teachable moment compared to parents who smoke and have a healthy child. --- The second primary aim focused on the parents of children with asthma. We assessed the effectiveness of adding telephone smoking cessation counseling to the 2 home counseling visits. For this, we compared the 2 groups of randomized subjects: those who received 6 counseling calls and feedback on smoke exposure (PAM-Enhanced) and those who received 6 counseling calls focused on asthma education (PAM-Asthma). We hypothesized that the PAM-Enhanced group would have significantly greater quit rates than the PAM-Asthma group, lower likelihood of smoking relapse, and lower levels of environmental tobacco smoke in the home. We also explored the hypothesized role of precaution effectiveness (i.e. quitting smoking will be associated with benefits for self and child) and self-efficacy for quitting as mediators of the effectiveness of PAM-Enhanced/Asthma. A third aim was to compare asthma symptoms over time between the two groups.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Intervention group; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: in-person counseling, Device: Demonstration of PM2.5 Pollution, Behavioral: Follow-up Counseling Calls, Behavioral: Printed material | Arm Label: Control group; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Printed material | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: in-person counseling; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention group | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Demonstration of PM2.5 Pollution; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention group | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Follow-up Counseling Calls; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention group | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Printed material; Assigned to Arm(s): Control group, Intervention group
B: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Health Coach and HEPA Air cleaners | Arm Label: 2; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Health Coach and HEPA air cleaners | Arm Label: 3; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Health Coach and HEPA air cleaners | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Health Coach and HEPA Air cleaners; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Health Coach and HEPA air cleaners; Assigned to Arm(s): 1, 2, 3
C: Arm Label: PAM -Enhanced/Asthma; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: PAM, Behavioral: PAM-Enhanced/Asthma Counseling Phone Calls | Arm Label: PAM-Asthma; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: PAM | Arm Label: PAM-Healthy; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: PAM, Behavioral: Follow-Up Phone Calls - Child Wellness Topic | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: PAM; Assigned to Arm(s): PAM -Enhanced/Asthma, PAM-Asthma, PAM-Healthy | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: PAM-Enhanced/Asthma Counseling Phone Calls; Assigned to Arm(s): PAM -Enhanced/Asthma | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Follow-Up Phone Calls - Child Wellness Topic; Assigned to Arm(s): PAM-Healthy
D: Arm Label: Behavioral; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Motivational Interviewing Intervention for ETS Reduction | Arm Label: Education Only; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Educational Program for ETS Reduction | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Motivational Interviewing Intervention for ETS Reduction; Assigned to Arm(s): Behavioral | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Educational Program for ETS Reduction; Assigned to Arm(s): Education Only

Answer: C