Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: ERPs to Academics: Exercise Effects on Cognition in School-Aged Children
Brief Summary: Recent trends have identified decreasing levels of physical activity, fitness, and health in preadolescent children. Examining factors, such as physical activity behavior and aerobic fitness that positively influence cognitive health of school-age children are important for improving school performance, maximizing health, and improving the overall functioning of individuals as they progress through the human lifespan. A sample of preadolescent children from the Urbana, Illinois elementary school system will be randomly assigned to a 9- month afterschool program that focuses on either aerobic exercise or wait-list control group to determine the effects of physical activity on basic and applied aspects of cognition. Changes in neuroimaging and behavioral indices of cognitive function and performance on standardized academic achievement tests of mathematics and reading will be examined as a function of participation in the intervention. Preliminary research supports that physical activity is positively associated with basic and applied aspects of cognition, with a stronger relationship for tasks requiring extensive amounts of executive control. However, previous research has mainly focused on older adults, and little research has examined the relationship between physical activity and executive control in children. These findings will provide lifestyle considerations for children to improve their cognitive health across the lifespan.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria: Inclusion criteria for children include:

* ability to speak, write, and read in English
* a BMI \> 85th percentile for age and gender
* at least one parent or guardian with a BMI \>25
* assent and their parent or guardian's consent to their participation

Inclusion criteria for parents or guardians include:

* ability to speak, write, and read in English
* a BMI \>25
* a 2nd, 3rd or 4th grade child with a BMI \> 85th percentile for age and gender
* reside with the child; and consent to join the study

Exclusion Criteria: Parents and children will be excluded if either has a:

* history of a heart murmur
* congenital heart disease
* family history of sudden death
* history of psychological problems such as claustrophobia that would prevent participation in group classes
* participation in another clinical trial or intervention
* Asians will be excluded since there is a higher level of risk at a lower BMI than for Blacks, Hispanics, and Whites
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Parental consent
* 7.5-9.5 years
* Capable of performing exercise
* Absence of school-identified learning disability
* IQ \> 85
* Tanner Scales score \<= 2
* ADHD Rating Scales score \> 85%

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-consent of guardian
* Above or Below age range
* Any physical disability that prohibits exercise
* School-identified learning disability
* IQ \< 85
* Tanner Scales Score \> 2
* ADHD Rating Scale score \< 85%
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy kindergarten children

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children with severe chronic disease (restricting physical activity)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Grade 2 or 3 Student at one of the randomly selected elementary schools
* Students that agree to complete assessments
* Signed parental consent form
* Signed child assent form

Exclusion Criteria:

* Students that do not agree to complete assessments

Answer: B