Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Evaluation of the Effectiveness of the Program of Mindfulness - Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) as an Assistant Strategy to the Treatment of Tobacco Dependence
Brief Summary: The dependence on tobacco is a predictable leading cause of death. The treatment based on the cognitive-behavioral therapy, including relapse prevention, became standard for tobacco dependents; yet scientific advances are still needed. Accordingly, the Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention (MBRP) program, adjunct to treatment, has shown promising results. The purpose of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of the program MBRP as an adjunct in the treatment of smoking cessation instituted by the Ministry of Health, through the Instituto Nacional do Câncer (INCA) in Brazil.There will be a randomized clinical trial, with a simple random allocation. 60 patients will participate in this study receiving treatment (INCA'S standard) randomized between two groups: the MBRP Group (EG), which will undergo eight sessions of MBRP; and the Control Group (CG) that will undergo eight sessions of the traditional model of Relapse Prevention.This study will be conducted at Ambulatory benchmark to smoking cessation treatment in the city of Juiz de Fora (Minas Gerais State- Brazil). Changes will be evaluated on several variables such as cessation of smoking, anxiety, depression, craving, positive and negative affects and will investigate the association of levels of mindfulness with smoking cessation. The data will be assessed at baseline (T0) and four other times: 1 (T1), 3 (T2), 6 (T3) and 12 months (T4) after the initiation of the study, besides being subjected to evaluations of regularly planned maintenance in the protocol of Ministry of Health. For data analysis there will be used Analysis of Variance with Repeated Measures and Longitudinal Logistic Regression, in order to evaluate the effect of two types of intervention on the evolution of comorbidities and abstinence of patients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age: 18 years or over;
* Participants must express "high" motivation to quit smoking
* Participants must express willingness to attend "all" meetings for 2 months
* Smoke 5 or more cigarettes per day

Exclusion Criteria:

* Self report of alcohol use of 4 drinks or more a night on 4 or more nights per week.
* Self report of using chewing tobacco, snuff or cigars in the last week.
* High score on Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Screening Tool for severe depression and suicidal intention.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Males and females who have given written informed consent
* 18 years of age or older
* Smoke an average of a minimum of five cigarettes per day
* Literate in English and able to read, understand, and complete the rating scales and questionnaires accurately, follow instructions, and make use of mindfulness techniques
* Express a wish to quit smoking
* A score at least in the "contemplation" range, as assessed via the Readiness to Change questionnaire (Heather \& McCambridge, 2013)
* Willingness to participate in mindfulness techniques
* Able to attend all clinic visits without interruption

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any current Axis I DSM-IV-TR psychiatric disorder other than alcohol abuse, marijuana abuse, or nicotine dependence that, in the clinician's opinion, warrants treatment or would preclude safe participation in the protocol, including, but not limited to: psychosis, schizophrenia, dementia, schizotypal personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, bipolar disorder, primary diagnosis of eating disorder, or chronic suicidality or homicidality
* Serious medical comorbidity requiring medical intervention or close supervision, including seizures, pacemakers, heart transplant, severe arrhythmias, or active atrial fibrillation
* Suicide attempt in the last thirty days
* Gross neurological disease
* Mental retardation, which will be assessed by the PI, postdoctoral fellows, and doctoral students in clinical psychology
* Minors below the legal smoking age
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. aged 18 years or above;
2. diagnosed with schizophrenia;
3. referred by medical doctors;
4. currently smoking, i.e. have at least one cigarette per day in the past month,
5. willing to take part in a face-to-face individual intervention program in changing smoking behaviors such as smoking cessation, reduction of cigarette consumed, or the relief of withdrawal symptoms.
6. able to communicate in Cantonese.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. disorientation, developmental disabilities, and/or organic conditions that will inhibit his/her understanding and participation in the therapeutic process,
2. diagnosis of alcohol or drug dependence in the preceding year of recruitment or,
3. medication regime revised in the last 3 months or,
4. current participation in another smoking cessation program.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a diagnosis of nicotine dependence;
* Patients currently smoking at least 10 cigarettes a day;
* Do not have any current major psychological disorders;
* Patients undergoing treatment for the first time
* Be willing to attend treatment and follow-up sessions, complete surveys and expired CO tests;
* Do not exhibit dependence on other drugs.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Dependence on other substances;
* Psychiatric comorbidities;
* Pregnant women.

Answer: D