Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Intravitreal Bevacizumab for Surgical Treatment of Severe Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the role, the safety and the effectiveness of Intravitreal Bevacizumab injections as an adjunct to vitrectomy in the management of severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Willingness to provide written informed consent and, at U.S. sites, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) authorization, and in other countries, as applicable according to national laws.
* Age ≥ 18 years.
* Diabetes mellitus (Type 1 or 2) .
* Retinal thickening secondary to diabetes mellitus (DME) involving the center of the fovea with central macular thickness ≥ 275 µm in the center subfield as assessed on optical coherence tomography (OCT).
* Best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) score in the study eye of 20/40 to 20/320 approximate Snellen equivalent using the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) protocol at an initial testing distance of 4 meters.
* Decrease in vision determined to be primarily the result of DME and not to other causes.
* For sexually active women of childbearing potential, use of an appropriate form of contraception (or abstinence) for the duration of the study.
* Ability (in the opinion of the investigator) and willingness to return for all scheduled visits and assessments.

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of vitreoretinal surgery in the study eye.
* Panretinal photocoagulation (PRP) or macular laser photocoagulation in the study eye within 3 months of screening.
* Previous use of intraocular corticosteroids in the study eye (eg, triamcinolone acetonide \[TA\]) within 3 months of screening.
* Previous treatment with anti-angiogenic drugs in either eye (pegaptanib sodium, anecortave acetate, bevacizumab, ranibizumab, etc) within 3 months of the Day 0 (first day of treatment) visit.
* Proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) in the study eye, with the exception of inactive, regressed PDR.
* Iris neovascularization, vitreous hemorrhage, traction retinal detachment, or preretinal fibrosis involving the macula in the study eye.

Concurrent Ocular Conditions

* Vitreomacular traction or epiretinal membrane in the study eye.
* Ocular inflammation (including trace or above) in the study eye.
* History of idiopathic or autoimmune uveitis in either eye.
* Structural damage to the center of the macula in the study eye that is likely to preclude improvement in VA following the resolution of macular edema, including atrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), subretinal fibrosis, or organized hard-exudate plaque.
* Ocular disorders in the study eye that may confound interpretation of study results, including retinal vascular occlusion, retinal detachment, macular hole, or choroidal neovascularization (CNV) of any cause (eg, age-related macular degeneration (AMD), ocular histoplasmosis, or pathologic myopia).
* Concurrent disease in the study eye that would compromise visual acuity or require medical or surgical intervention during the study period.
* Cataract surgery in the study eye within 3 months, yttrium-aluminum-garnet (YAG) laser capsulotomy within the past 2 months, or any other intraocular surgery within the 90 days preceding Day 0.
* Aphakia or absence of the posterior capsule in the study eye.
* Uncontrolled glaucoma or previous filtration surgery in the study eye.
* Spherical equivalent of the refractive error in the study eye of more than -8 diopters myopia.
* Evidence at examination of infectious blepharitis, keratitis, scleritis, or conjunctivitis in either eye or current treatment for serious systemic infection.
* Uncontrolled blood pressure.
* History of cerebral vascular accident or myocardial infarction within 3 months prior to Day 0.
* Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
* Renal failure requiring dialysis or renal transplant.
* Participation in an investigational trial within 30 days prior to screening that involved treatment with any drug (excluding vitamins and minerals) or device.
* History of other disease, metabolic dysfunction, physical examination finding, or clinical laboratory finding giving reasonable suspicion of a disease or condition that contraindicates the use an investigational drug, might affect interpretation of the results of the study, or renders the subject at high risk from treatment complications.
* Pregnancy or lactation.
* History of allergy to fluorescein.
* History of allergy to ranibizumab injection or related molecule.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* vitreous haemorrhage
* tractional retinal detachment
* active proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Exclusion Criteria:

* neovascular glaucoma
* cataract
* combined traction and rhegmatogenous RD
C: Subject-level Criteria

Inclusion

To be eligible, the following inclusion criteria must be met:

Age \>= 18 years Diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (type 1 or type 2) At least one eye meets the study eye criteria listed below Able and willing to provide informed consent.

Exclusion

A subject is not eligible if any of the following exclusion criteria are present:

A condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would preclude participation in the study (e.g., unstable medical status including blood pressure, cardiovascular disease, and glycemic control).

A condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would preclude subject undergoing elective vitrectomy surgery if indicated during the study.

Participation in an investigational trial that involved treatment with any drug within 30 days of randomization that has not received regulatory approval at the time of study entry.

Known allergy to any component of the study drug. Blood pressure \> 180/110 (systolic above 180 or diastolic above 110). Myocardial infarction, other cardiac event requiring hospitalization, stroke, transient ischemic attack, or treatment for acute congestive heart failure within 4 months prior to randomization.

Systemic anti-VEGF or pro-VEGF treatment within 4 months prior to randomization.

For women of child-bearing potential: pregnant or lactating or intending to become pregnant within the next 4 months.

Subject is expecting to move out of the area of the clinical center to an area not covered by another clinical center during the 12 months of the study.

Study Eye Criteria

The subject must have at least one eye meeting all of the inclusion criteria and none of the exclusion criteria listed below.

A subject can have only one study eye. If both eyes are eligible at the time of randomization, the study eye will be selected by the investigator and subject before randomization.

The eligibility criteria for a study eye are as follows:

Inclusion

Vitreous hemorrhage causing vision impairment, presumed to be from proliferative diabetic retinopathy, and precluding completion of panretinal photocoagulation (or precluding assessment of completeness of prior PRP).

Immediate vitrectomy not required (investigator and subject are willing to wait at least 8 weeks to see if hemorrhage clears sufficiently without having to proceed to vitrectomy).

Visual acuity is light perception or better.

Exclusion

Prompt vitrectomy indicated, such as because of signs of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment or traction detachment involving the macula present on ultrasound.

Exam evidence of neovascular glaucoma, angle neovascularization, or active neovascularization of the iris (small iris tufts not an exclusion).

History of intravitreal anti-VEGF treatment for vitreous hemorrhage at any time in the past or for an indication other than vitreous hemorrhage in the past 2 months.

History of major ocular surgery (including cataract extraction, scleral buckle, any intraocular surgery, etc.) within prior 4 months or major ocular surgery other than vitrectomy anticipated within the next 6 months following randomization.

History of vitrectomy. History of yttrium aluminum garnet capsulotomy performed within 2 months prior to randomization.

Aphakia. Uncontrolled glaucoma (in investigator's judgment). Exam evidence of severe external ocular infection, including conjunctivitis, chalazion, or substantial blepharitis.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* 1)high-risk proliferative diabetic retinopathy in both eyes

Exclusion Criteria:

* 1)history of prior laser treatment or vitrectomy; 2) allergy to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; 3) any condition affecting comprehension of VAS pain score test; 4) Contra-indications for diclofenac use such as pregnancy, bleeding disorders, asthma, or renal failure; 5) use of any analgesic drug for the last 24 hours.

Answer: B