Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Physiological and Psychological Effects of Testosterone During Severe Energy Deficit and Recovery: a Randomized, Placebo Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The objective of this study is to determine whether maintaining a eugonadal state, during severe, sustained energy deficit, attenuates physiological decrements, particularly the loss of lean body mass.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Type 2 diabetes
* Testosterone less than 10 nmol/L

Exclusion Criteria:

* Contraindication to
* Testosterone or
* IM injection
B: Inclusion Criteria:

The target population of the survey will include:

* clinicians
* epidemiologist
* decision scientists
* health research methodologists
* experts in health technology assessment (HTA)
* and members of guideline working groups
* members from the general public

Exclusion Criteria:

• Prior participation in the survey
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Physically active (at least 2 days per week aerobic and/or resistance exercise)
* Not taking any prescription medications and/or willing to refrain from all medication use prior to and throughout the entire study period, unless provided/approved by the study physician
* Willing to refrain from alcohol, smoking, e-cigarettes, or use of any nicotine product, caffeine, and dietary supplement use throughout the entire study period

  * At the discretion of the study physician, wash-out period for medications, supplements, and over-the-counter medications is ≥ 1 to 4 weeks
  * Wash-out period for caffeine and alcohol is ≥ 7 days
* Willing to live on the Pennington Biomedical Research Center inpatient unit for 28 consecutive days
* Willing to have a urine drug screening
* Meets age-specific U.S. Army body composition standards according to Army Regulation 600-9, which includes estimates of percent body fat based on height, weight, and circumference measures (neck and waist)
* Total testosterone concentration is within the normal physiological range, total testosterone (300-1,000 ng/dL).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Musculoskeletal injuries that compromise exercise capability
* Diagnosed cardiometabolic disorders (i.e., hypertension, hyperlipidemia, kidney disease, diabetes, etc.)
* Allergies or intolerance to foods, vegetarian practices, or history of complications with lidocaine
* Anabolic steroid, human growth hormone, or nutritional testosterone precursor-like supplement use within the past 6 months
* Will not refrain from smoking (any nicotine product), alcohol, caffeine, or any other dietary supplement during the study
* Any use of antibiotics, except topical antibiotics, within 3 months of study participation
* Colonoscopy within 3 months of study participation
* Chronic use of laxatives, stool softeners, antacids, or anti-diarrheal medications (≥ once a week)
* History of gastrointestinal disease (e.g., celiac, irritable bowel syndrome, colitis, Crohn's disease)
* Restrained eater (the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire) as assessed by the study's psychological and behavioral assessment staff
* Adults unable to consent
* Women
* Prisoners
* Metal implants, claustrophobia, head size incompatible with MRI equipment, etc.
* Sedentary or engages in \<2 days of physical activity per week (aerobic and/or resistance training)
* Exceeds age-specific U.S. Army body composition standards according to Army Regulation 600-9
* Previous history of kidney stones unless otherwise approved by the medical investigator
* Systolic blood pressure \> 150 or diastolic blood pressure \> 95 mmHg
* Previous history of breast or prostate cancer
* Previous history of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease or Obstructive Sleep Apnea
* Findings of lab results of prostate-specific antigen \> 3ng/ml, Hematocrit \> 50%, or positive urine drug screening
* Based on the investigative team's clinical judgment, a subject may not be appropriate for participation in the study
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male gender age 50-70
* Bioavailable testosterone \< 7,3 nmol/L
* Metformin treatment of T2DM for 3 months or more

Exclusion Criteria:

* HbA1c \> 9,0 %, BMI \> 40 kg/m2, Haematocrit \> 50%,
* Known malignant disease, PSA \> 3 ug/L, Nycturia \> 3 times,
* Abnormal routine blood samples,
* Severe hypertension,
* Significant EKG-changes,
* Wish of parenthood,
* Active mental illness,
* former or present abuse,
* Severe illness of heart-, lung- or kidney,
* Primary or secondary hypogonadism.

Answer: C