Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Maternal Analgesia for Procedural Pain in Preterm Neonates: Does It Remain Efficacious?
Brief Summary: Mothers can provide pain relief to their newborns, even in the context of intensive neonatal care. There is a recent accumulation of data, being analyzed by ourselves in a Cochrane review, that mothers holding their infants in a bare-chested skin-to-skin position, known as Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC), is effective in diminishing pain response during a single painful procedure. While evidence is compelling, leading to recommendations for its use, to date there is not a single study on the repeated efficacy to reduce pain. Current guidelines recommend sweet taste for minor painful procedures. Although there is some controversy about its continued use in this population based on one study with negative neurodevelopmental outcomes as well as its potential interaction with dopaminergic development, oral sucrose (sweet taste) remains efficacious in decreasing pain response over several weeks. The combination of KMC and sucrose is marginally more potent, but again, long term use remains unstudied.

AIMS. To test the repeated efficacy in diminishing pain from heel lance of KMC compared to usual care (sucrose), and of KMC in combination with sucrose by examining each condition at least three times during NICU stay. A secondary aim is to compare these interventions on neurodevelopment at discharge from the NICU.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Sucrose; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Sucrose | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Double distilled water | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Sucrose; Assigned to Arm(s): Sucrose | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Double distilled water; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
B: Arm Label: oral sucrose solution; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Steril water | Arm Label: steril water; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Oral sucrose solution | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Oral sucrose solution; Assigned to Arm(s): steril water | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Steril water; Assigned to Arm(s): oral sucrose solution
C: Arm Label: control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: water; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: sterile water | Arm Label: sucrose; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Sucrose | Arm Label: pacifier; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: Pacifier | Arm Label: water and pacifier; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: Pacifier | Arm Label: sucrose and pacifier; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Sucrose, Device: Pacifier | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Sucrose; Assigned to Arm(s): sucrose, sucrose and pacifier | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Pacifier; Assigned to Arm(s): pacifier, sucrose and pacifier, water and pacifier | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: sterile water; Assigned to Arm(s): water
D: Arm Label: Kangaroo Mother Care; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Kangaroo Mother Care | Arm Label: Sucrose; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Sucrose | Arm Label: Combination Kangaroo Mother Care and Sucrose; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Kangaroo Mother Care, Dietary Supplement: Sucrose | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Kangaroo Mother Care; Assigned to Arm(s): Combination Kangaroo Mother Care and Sucrose, Kangaroo Mother Care | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Sucrose; Assigned to Arm(s): Combination Kangaroo Mother Care and Sucrose, Sucrose

Answer: D