Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Physiotherapy and Psychological Group Treatment on Physical and Mental Health Among Refugees From Syria With Pain Disorders or Post-traumatic Symptoms
Brief Summary: The war in Syria began in 2011 and refugees from this country have faced stressors including security risks, lack of access and availability of basic services and resources as well as family, community, and socio political tensions. Exposure to stressful events or situations, either short or long lasting, of exceptionally threatening or catastrophic nature is likely to cause pervasive distress in almost anyone, which might disturb daily life function, integration in society and ability to function in work and society, although this stress does not necessarily need to become an established medical diagnose. For a long time now, somatic and mental health systems have been overburdened and inaccessible both in Syria and in transit countries, and there is little available evidence of the effect of interventions targeting common health problems among refugees once established in their host countries.

In this project, the University of Bergen, in close collaboration with the Centre for Migration Health (Bergen municipality) and the Centre for Crisis Psychology, have developed two treatment interventions that are both theoretically sound and practically scalable if shown to be effective.

Among resettled asylum seekers and refugees, the primary aim of the project is to separately study in a quantitative way the effect on both physical and mental health of two different interventions: Physiotherapy activity and awareness intervention for participants with pain disorders and Teaching recovery techniques for participants with post-traumatic symptoms In addition, in a qualitative mode, our secondary aim is to analyse the processes by which the interventions help/do not help the patients to improve their health. Last, as the third aim of the study, cost effectiveness analyses will be conducted.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Youth found to exhibit significant trauma symptomatology as evidenced by a score of 38 or above on the previously validated PTSD-RI symptom scale (Murray, et al. 2011) (trauma severity is the main study outcome) will be invited to join the trial. Youth must live in Lusaka, Zambia.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Youth currently receiving psychiatric care
* Youth who are actively suicidal
* Persons who are not mentally competent to give assent or whose legal guardians are not mentally competent to give consent to participate in the intervention
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults (18 years of age or older) Afro-Colombian victims of violence and torture who have expressed sadness, suffering psychological trauma caused by violence and when the situation was known by the leaders of Afro-Colombian Displaced Association (AFRODES) or the community leaders contacted by the research team.
* Persons with a total symptomatic value greater than or equal to 49 points in the study instrument, with the presence of trauma from violence, and a loss of functionality score greater than zero.
* Individuals who signed the informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* People of ethnicities other than Afro-Colombian.
* Children under 18 years old.
* Persons who present symptoms of severe mental illness such as schizophrenia, psychotic episodes, suicidal attempters, and those who potentially could harm others.
* Anyone who is related with the counselors (LPCW).
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adolescents studying in grade 6, 7 and 8 of the selected schools at the time of data collection
* Adolescents with written consent from themselves and their guardian

Exclusion Criteria:

* Adolescent who refused to participate
D: Inclusion Criteria:

• Patients who answer yes to the question "Have you experienced any of these or some other terrifying event(s)?" and score over 24 in the revised Impact of Events Scale (R-IES) will be invited to the TRT-intervention.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who report health conditions requiring close medical follow up
* Patients who score in the mental health questions as having a serious mental illness (37 + in the revised Impact of Events Scale or 25 or more in the GHQ-12)
* Patients with a living situation that impedes following up (including no current address close to Bergen).

Answer: D