Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effect of Weight Loss Surgery on Preservation of Kidney Function and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Obese Patients With Stages 3-4 Chronic Kidney Disease: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Weight loss surgery is the most effective weight loss treatment available, but the direct effect on chronic kidney disease is less widely understood. Early research shows some improvement in kidney function may occur and candidacy for kidney transplantation can be improved with weight loss following surgery. To date, no randomised controlled trial has been performed to examine the effect of weight loss surgery on the progression of chronic kidney disease.

This randomised trial will allocate patients to either lifestyle modification with diet, exercise and pharmacotherapy, or weight loss surgery to remove two thirds of the stomach using the laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy procedure. This study aims to evaluate weight loss surgery vs lifestyle modification in patients with chronic kidney disease with estimated kidney function of 20-60% and morbid obesity (BMI 35-45) in terms of kidney function, cardiovascular disease risk factors and all-cause mortality.


Options:
A: Arm Label: control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: weight reduction; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: weight reduction | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: weight reduction; Assigned to Arm(s): weight reduction
B: Arm Label: weight loss surgery; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy | Arm Label: Lifestyle Intervention; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: weight management program | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy; Assigned to Arm(s): weight loss surgery | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: weight management program; Assigned to Arm(s): Lifestyle Intervention
C: Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Placebo | Arm Label: Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402): 75mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402) | Arm Label: Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402): 150mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402) | Arm Label: Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402): 25mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402) | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402); Assigned to Arm(s): Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402): 150mg, Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402): 25mg, Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402): 75mg
D: Arm Label: caloric restriction; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: caloric restriction | Arm Label: aerobic exercise; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: aerobic exercise | Arm Label: caloric restriction and aerobic exercise; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: caloric restriction, Other: aerobic exercise | Arm Label: usual diet and usual activity; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: caloric restriction; Assigned to Arm(s): caloric restriction, caloric restriction and aerobic exercise | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: aerobic exercise; Assigned to Arm(s): aerobic exercise, caloric restriction and aerobic exercise

Answer: B