Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Duration of Maintenance Anti-psychotic Therapy After First -Episode Schizophrenia: a Double-blind Randomized Placebo-control Relapse Prevention Study
Brief Summary: For schizophrenic patients who remained in remission while on maintenance medication, there may come a point in time when the relative risk for relapse become so low that discontinuation of therapy can be considered. This study is to investigate whether that point in time is reached in 12 months following the first episode illness. Moreover, it also aims to identify other predictors of relapse as well as to evaluate the costs and benefits of maintenance therapy.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients who have provided informed consent prior to any study specific procedures
* Patients currently meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for schizophrenia (paranoid type, disorganized type, catatonic type or undifferentiated type), as confirmed by the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (SCID)
* Structured Clinical Interview for the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (SCIPANSS) total score ≥ 80 and ≤ 120
* Diagnosis of schizophrenia for a minimum of 1 year before Visit 1
* Patients with normal physical examination, laboratory, vital signs,and/ or electrocardiogram (ECG)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of Schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, other psychotic disorders other than schizophrenia, or bipolar I or II disorder
* Patients in their first episode of psychosis
* Pregnant, breast-feeding, and/or planning to become pregnant and/or breastfeed during the study
* Pervasive developmental disorder, mental retardation, delirium, dementia, amnestic and other cognitive disorders
* Known or suspected borderline or antisocial personality disorder or other DSM-IV-TR axis II disorder of sufficient severity to interfere with participation in this study
* Substance abuse or dependence within the prior 3 months
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* DSM-IV diagnosis of schizophrenia at least 1 year before screening
* experiencing an acute schizophrenic episode with a total PANSS score between 70 and 120
* agree to be hospitalized for a minimum of 14 days at the start of the study
* capable of administering study medication themselves or have assistance with study medication administration consistently available throughout the study
* resided at the same address continuously for at least 30 days prior to screening
* able and willing to fill out self administered questionnaires
* washout of antiparkinsonian medications, beta-blockers
* antiepileptics, lithium 3 days prior to the start of the run-in phase

Exclusion Criteria:

* DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis other than schizophrenia
* DSM-IV diagnosis of substance dependence within 6 months prior to screening (nicotine and caffeine dependence are not exclusionary)
* preexisting severe gastrointestinal narrowing (pathologic or iatrogenic)
* injection of a depot antipsychotic within 120 days before screening, or use of paliperidone palmitate within 10 months before screening
* previous history of lack of response to risperidone when acutely psychotic
* history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome
* significant risk of suicidal or violent behavior
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female patients, from 18 to 65 years of age at Visit 1
* Patients must achieve a level of understanding and expressive capacity sufficient to communicate adequately with the study coordinator and to participate in cognitive testing.
* Patients must agree to cooperate with all tests and examinations required by the protocol. They must be willing to comply fully with treatment
* Patient must understand the nature of the study and must sign an informed consent document.
* Patients must be Cantonese speaking Han Chinese
* Patients must be diagnosed, according to the SCID for DSM-IV, with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder or schizophreniform psychosis.
* Patients must have good response to anti-psychotic treatment by achieving a rating of 2 or below in Clinical Global Impression Scale (CGI) Severity of illness; a rating of 4 or below in Improvement scale, and a rating of 3 or below in (conceptual disorganization, unusual thought content), a rating of 2 or below in (delusion, hallucinatory behavior) and a rating of 4 or below in (Suspiciousness) of Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for at least 8 weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* Female patients who are either pregnant or lactating.
* Patients previously on clozapine should be excluded from the study
* Significant medical illnesses including seizures.
* DSM-IV substance (alcohol or other drugs) abuse or dependence within the past 3 months.
* Judged clinically to be at serious suicidal risk.
* Treatment with an injectable depot neuroleptic within less than one of the patient's dosing intervals between depot neuroleptic injections prior to study entry.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants who have provided informed consent prior to any study specific procedures.
* Participants currently meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition - Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for schizophrenia.
* Participants with normal physical examination, laboratory, vital signs, and/or electrocardiogram (ECG).
* Diagnosis of schizophrenia for a minimum of 1 year before Visit 1 (Screening).
* Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) total score ≥ to 70 and ≤ 120 at Visit 1 (Screening) and Visit 2 (beginning of Run-in Phase).
* Negative serum B-human chorionic gonadotropin (B-hCG) pregnancy test (applies to female participants of childbearing potential only).
* Body mass index between 18 and 40 kg/m\^2, inclusive.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Participants currently meeting DSM-IV-TR criteria for schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, bipolar I and II and known or suspected borderline or antisocial personality disorder. or other DSM-IV-TR axis II disorders.
* Participants in their first episode of psychosis.
* Treatment-resistant schizophrenia over the last 2 years.
* Positive result from the blood alcohol test or from the urine drug screen for any prohibited medication.
* At imminent risk of injuring self or others or causing significant damage to property.
* Suicide risk.

Answer: C