Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: ONE WEEK VERSUS FOUR WEEK HEPARIN PROPHYLAXIS IN PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER UNDERGOING LAPAROSCOPIC SURGERY: INCIDENCE OF VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM AND BLEEDING COMPLICATIONS. THE PRO-LAPS STUDY.
Brief Summary: Overall, only limited evidence exists regarding the clinical benefit of antithrombotic prophylaxis after laparoscopic surgery for cancer. Four studies reported on the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after laparoscopic surgery for cancer. These studies differ concerning study design, site of cancer, regimens for antithrombotic prophylaxis and reported incidence of VTE.

The aim of this multicenter, randomized study is to assess the clinical benefit of extended (4 weeks) compared to short (one week) heparin prophylaxis after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Consecutive patients who had
* planned laparoscopic surgery for
* colorectal cancer will be included in the study provided no exclusion criteria will be found

Exclusion Criteria:

* age \< 18 years
* surgery for non-cancer disease
* duration of surgery \< 45 min
* other indication for anticoagulant therapy
* known cerebral metastases
* kidney or liver failure
* known hemorrhagic diathesis or high risk for bleeding
* history of intracerebral bleeding or neurosurgery within 6 months, history of heparin induced thrombocytopenia
* pregnancy or lactation
* refusal of informed consent.
B: Inclusion Criteria Patients with active malignancy presenting with acute deep venous thrombosis and still treated with chemotherapy

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with pulmonary embolism and hemodynamic instability requiring thrombolytic therapy
* Previous DVT or venous thromboembolism
* Administration of LMWH or unfractionated heparin before randomization
* Brain tumours, cerebral metastes, hepatic tumours or impairment Child-Pugh B or C, -Recent or current active or life threating bleeding (e.g. intr acranial haemorrhage or gastrointestinal bleeding)
* Thrombocytopenia (platelets \<100 x 109L)
* Severe chronic kidney disease (estimated glomerular filtration rate \<30 ml/minute)
* Pregnant women
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* A histologic diagnosis of malignancy;
* At planned initiation of a new systemic chemotherapy regimen (including patients starting on first chemotherapy or patients previously treated but starting on a new regimen);
* A risk score for VTE ≥3 \[assign score of 2 for very high risk sites of cancer (stomach, pancreas), score of 1 for high risk site (lung, lymphoma, gynecologic, bladder, testicular) and score of 0 for all other sites\], hemoglobin \<10 g/dL or planned use of erythropoiesis stimulating agents, platelet count ≥350,000/mm3, total leukocyte count \> 11,000/mm3 or body mass index ≥ 35 kg/m2\]. Any counts meeting criteria drawn within 2 weeks prior to enrollment are considered acceptable.
* Age 18 years or older
* Provide written, informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active bleeding or at high risk of serious bleeding complication in the opinion of the investigator
* Diagnosis of primary brain tumor multiple myeloma, leukemia, or myelodysplastic syndrome
* Planned stem cell transplant
* Life expectancy \< 6 months
* Known allergy to heparin or LMWH
* Patient or caregiver incapable of daily self-injection
* Acute or chronic renal insufficiency with creatinine clearance \< 30 mL/min
* History of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
* Allergy to contrast agents
* Pregnancy
* Need for anticoagulant therapy
* Platelet count \< 75,000/mm3
D: Inclusion criteria

1. Acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the leg involving proximal veins, and/or pulmonary embolism (PE) iin patients for whom at least 6 months of anticoagulant therapy is considered appropriate
2. Male or female, being 18 years of age or older
3. Written informed consent for study participation

Exclusion criteria

1. Overt symptoms of VTE for longer than 2 weeks prior to enrolment
2. PE satisfying at least one of the following criteria: Haemodynamic instability, embolectomy is indicated or performed, thrombolytic therapy is indicated or performed, or suspected source of PE is other than the legs
3. Actual or anticipated use of vena cava filter
4. Contraindications to anticoagulant therapy
5. Patients who in the investigators opinion should not be treated with warfarin
6. Allergy to heparins or other alternate approved therapy used for initial treatment, warfarin or dabigatran, or to one of the excipients included in these medications
7. Patients who in the investigators judgement are perceived as having an excessive risk of bleeding
8. Known anaemia
9. Need of anticoagulant treatment for disorders other than VTE
10. Recent unstable cardiovascular disease
11. Elevated AST or ALT \> 2x ULN
12. Liver disease expected to have any potential impact on survival
13. Patients who have developed transaminase elevations upon exposure to ximelagatran
14. Severe renal impairment
15. Women who are pregnant, nursing, or of childbearing potential who refuse to use a medically acceptable form of contraception
16. Participation in another clinical trial with an investigational drug during the last 30 days or previous participation in this study
17. Patients considered unsuitable for inclusion by the investigator

Answer: A