Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Psychological Treatment of Separation Anxiety Disorder
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether a specific family based cognitive behavioral treatment program is effective in the treatment of children with separation anxiety disorder.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Outpatient adolescents with ASD (see below) between the ages 11-14 years.
* Meets criteria for a diagnosis of autism, Asperger syndrome (AS), or Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified .
* Meets criteria for a diagnosis of one of the following anxiety disorders: separation anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia, or obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).
* Child has a Full Scale and Verbal Comprehension IQ≥85.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Receiving concurrent psychotherapy, social skills training, or behavioral interventions (e.g., applied behavior analysis). Families will have the option of discontinuing such services to enroll in the study.
* Has started an antidepressant within 12 weeks before study enrollment or an antipsychotic 6 weeks before study enrollment.
* Has changed established psychotropic medications (e.g., antidepressants, anxioloytics) within 8 weeks before study enrollment (6 weeks for antipsychotic).
* Is currently suicidal or has been actively suicidal in the last 6 months.
* Has been diagnosed with bipolar, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders; or Substance abuse in past 6 months.
* Presence of a significant and/or unstable medical illness which might lead to hospitalization during the study.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Primary diagnosis of SAD
* Age 5 to 13 years
* Knowledge of German language
* Consent to randomization and psychological testing

Exclusion Criteria:

* Comorbid Pervasive Developmental Disorders
* Active psychotropic drugs
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Total Anxiety T-score of greater than 57 on Multidimensional Anxiety Scale for Children and/or teacher nomination as one of the most anxious children in the classroom
* Meets DSM-IV criteria for separation anxiety disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and/or social phobia, or features (one or more, but not all criteria) of one of these disorders with an associated composite CSR of 2 to 6 on ADIS
* Both parent and child speak English fluently

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current diagnosis of the following on ADIS: obsessive-compulsive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, conduct disorder, schizophrenia, pervasive developmental disorder, major depression, or substance abuse
* Current suicidal or homicidal intent or plan
* Diagnosis of mental retardation (IQ less than 71) on the Kaufman Brief Intelligence Test (KBIT)
* Currently receiving psychotropic medication
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinical diagnosis of DSM-IV diagnosis of Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD), Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD), and Social Phobia (SP)

Exclusion Criteria:

* 1. IQ below 70 as assessed by the Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI).

  2. Requires current ongoing treatment with psychoactive medications including anxiolytics and antidepressants.

  3. Acutely suicidal or at risk for harm to self or others. 4. Any motor impairments or eye-hand coordination problems 5. Persons not suited for fMRI procedures including those who have cardiac pacemakers, neural pacemakers, surgical clips in the brain or blood vessels, surgically implanted metal plates, screws or pins, cochlear implants, IUDs, metal braces, or other metal objects in their body, especially in the eye. Dental fillings do not present a problem. Plastic or removable dental appliances do not require exclusion. Pregnancy, determined by pregnancy tests on post-menarcheal females.

  6. History of head injury. 7. Neuromuscular or neurological disorder 8. Vision that is 20/40 and below that cannot be corrected by glasses or contacts.

Specific exclusion criteria for anxious participants includes:

1. Current comorbid diagnosis of: primary major depressive disorder (MDD) (subjects who have primary GAD with co-morbid MDD that is secondary in terms of course and functional impact are not excluded), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), conduct disorder, substance abuse or dependence
2. Lifetime diagnosis of autism or Asperger syndrome, bipolar disorder, psychotic depression, schizophrenia, or schizoaffective disorder.

Specific exclusion criteria for controls includes:

1. Any current or lifetime DSM-IV diagnosis.
2. Having a parent with current or lifetime DSM-IV diagnosis of anxiety or mood disorders.

Answer: B