Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Use of an Innovative Device for Therapeutic Adherence in Pediatric Asthma
Brief Summary: The management of chronic diseases requires a constant monitoring of treatment adherence, in order to obtain an optimal disease control. However, this is often difficult to achieve, especially in pediatric age.

In this sense, for asthmatic patients treated by Symbicort Turbohaler, "AstraZeneca" developed the "Turbo+", an electronic device attached to the Turbohaler, which allows to feel whether the patient does the inhalation, and to register it on a specific application.

The present randomized trial aims to compare the treatment adherence between asthmatic children/adolescents aged 6-17 years treated with Symbicort Turbohaler plus Turbo+ or Symbicort Turbohaler without Turbo+.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Doctor diagnosed asthma.
* On at least BTS stage 2, which means they will be on regular inhaled steroids.
* No change in regular asthma treatment in the last 1 month (on regular inhaled steroids, no change in steroid dose for

  1 month, no change in add on therapy in the last month).
* ACQ (Asthma Control Questionnaire) score more than or equal to 1.5.
* Can speak and understand English.

Exclusion Criteria:

* BTS stage 5 asthma (complex issues, too unstable).
* Recent changes to asthma treatment within the last month. (see above)
* ACQ (Asthma Control Questionnaire) score \< 1.5.
* Another chronic health condition (eg diabetes, congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis).
* Can't speak or understand English.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 12 and ≤ 17 years.
* Access to Apple or Android based smart phone
* Mild to severe persistent asthma or poorly controlled asthma (see definitions below).

  o A different assessment of eligibility will be performed depending on whether or not the parent reports use of a preventive asthma medication at baseline. This is consistent with 2007 National Asthma Education Prevention Program recommendations that make a strong distinction between classifying asthma severity (for children not using preventive medications) and assessing control (for children using preventive medications). If a child has used a preventive medication in the past, but reports no use of the medication in the prior 3 months, we will assess severity.)
* Children not using a preventive medication at baseline: Assess for mild persistent to severe persistent asthma. Any 1 of the following, during the prior 4 weeks (as defined by parent interview in the waiting room) will determine severity:

  * An average of \>2 days per week with asthma symptoms
  * \>2 days per week with rescue medication use
  * ≥2 nights per month awakened with nighttime symptoms
  * Minor limitation of activity
  * ≥2 episodes of asthma during the past year that have required systemic corticosteroids
* Children using a preventive medication at baseline: Assess for poorly controlled asthma. Any 1 of the following, during the prior 4 weeks (as defined by parent interview in the waiting room) will determine control:

  * An average of \>2 days per week with asthma symptoms
  * \>2 days per week with rescue medication use
  * ≥2 nights per month awakened with nighttime symptoms
  * Some limitation of activity
  * ≥2 episodes of asthma during the past year that have required systemic corticosteroids.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Significant underlying respiratory disease other than asthma (such as cystic fibrosis or chronic lung disease) that could potentially interfere with asthma-related outcome measures.
* Significant co-morbid conditions (such as moderate to severe developmental delay, i.e. special education classroom or diagnosis) that could preclude participation in an education-based intervention.
* Inability to speak or understand English (child or parent).
* Children in foster care or other situations in which consent cannot be obtained from a guardian.
* Prior enrollment in the study.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. patients who have given written informed consent
2. males or females of any race
3. 18-75 years of age
4. with the diagnosis of persistent asthma ≥ 1 year duration at screening and a history consistent with GINA step 4 or 5 clinical features
5. receiving high dose ICS plus inhaled LABA for at least 6 months prior to screening
6. patients who have suffered multiple (i.e. at least two) independent documented severe asthma exacerbations within the previous 12 months
7. patients must be never-smokers or ex-smokers with a smoking history of ≤ 10 pack-years.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. females who are pregnant or who are breastfeeding
2. patients with severe bronchiectasis
3. patients with active tuberculosis or non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections (NTM)
4. patients with significant underlying medical conditions (e.g. infection, hematological disease, malignancy, neurologic, renal, hepatic, coronary heart disease or other cardiovascular disease, endocrinologic or gastrointestinal disease) within the previous 3 months
5. who are unable to perform spirometry or complete a patient diary or complete questionnaires
6. patients with known hypersensitivity to azithromycin or other macrolide antibiotics
7. patients who's heart rate corrected QT interval is prolonged
8. patients who have - in the judgement of the investigator - a clinically relevant laboratory abnormality
9. patients currently treated with macrolide antibiotics or recent macrolide treatment (in the past twelve weeks)
10. anti-IgE treatment
D: Inclusion Criteria:

- uncontrolled mild or moderate persistent asthma;

Exclusion Criteria:

* acute upper respiratory infections;
* immunological or metabolic systemic disease;
* major malformations of the upper airways;
* active smokers.

Answer: D