Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: To address cardiovascular disease, cancer, and osteoporosis, the most common causes of death, disability, and impaired quality of life in postmenopausal women. The three major components of the WHI are: a randomized controlled clinical trial of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), dietary modification (DM), and calcium/vitamin D supplementation (CaD); an observational study (OS); and a community prevention study (CPS). On October 1, 1997, administration of the WHI was transferred to the NHLBI where it is conducted as a consortium effort led by the NHLBI in cooperation with the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), the National Cancer Institute (NCI), and the National Institute on Aging (NIA).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Body mass index between 30 and 40
* Live and work within 1 hour of the study site
* Stable psychological status

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of heart disease, heart attack, or stroke
* Blood pressure \> 140/90 mmHG
* Abnormal cholesterol levels
* Significant psychiatric illness
* Any medication that affects weight or metabolic rate
* Presence or history of a chronic disease that is known to affect appettite, food intake, or metabolism (i.e. diabetes, thyroid disease or cancer).
* Currently using antidepressants, steroids, tobacco or illegal drugs
* Pregnant, breastfeeding, or planning pregnancy
* 10 lb change in weight within 6 months of study entry
* History of malignant arrhythmias or cerebrovascular, renal, or hepatic disease
* History of protein wasting diseases or gout
* Severe arthritis
* Osteoperosis
* Certain types of hormone replacement therapy
* Currently following a vegetarian diet
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Men over the age of 21 years and postmenopausal women with mild-to-moderate hypercholesterolaemia, for whom cholesterol lowering medications are being considered
* Body mass index \<35 kg/m2.
* Treated by diet
* Alcohol intake \< 14 drinks per week.
* Fasting plasma triglyceride (TG) concentration \<4.5 mmol/l.
* Fasting plasma LDL cholesterol concentration \> 4.1 mmol/l at diagnosis or within 30% of their target levels based on risk
* Patients with previous adverse effects on statins (e.g. muscle pains) will also be accepted if the physician responsible for their care considers it appropriate.
* Individuals who prior to cholesterol lowering therapy or after discontinuing cholesterol lowering therapy are within 30% of their treatment LDL-C goals may be permitted to enter the study with the approval of their responsible physician.
* Fit individuals who have had a myocardial infarction or cardiac bypass surgery in the past will not be excluded. Their responsible physician will be asked to provide a letter confirming their suitability for the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Premenopausal women will be excluded due to the fluctuation of blood lipids during the menstrual cycle.
* Patients will be excluded if they are taking cholesterol medications at the start of the study. However, with their physician's approval, those who wish to join but are already taking cholesterol-lowering medications may join the study providing the medications are stopped for one month before starting the study and throughout the study.
* Patients will be excluded if they are taking cholesterol lowering natural health products such as psyllium, red yeast rice, cholest, polycosanol etc. However, they will be allowed to join the study if they are willing to discontinue these products at least 2 weeks before the start of the study and throughout the study.
* Patients with uncontrolled high blood pressure will be excluded. The cut off for raised blood pressure has been taken as \> 140/90mmHg. Patients with systolic blood pressure between 140-150mmHg and diastolic blood pressure between 90-95mmHg may be accepted, since we have found that on the diet their blood pressures tend to be lowered into the acceptable range. For patients in the above normal range (as above), a letter will be required from the physician responsible for their care. Patients will be excluded if they change the type or dose of their blood pressure treatment during the study.
* Patients will be excluded if they are judged as having a likelihood of being non-compliant with instructions for whatever reason. Those with low compliance to lipid-lowering therapy will not be selected.
* Patients will be excluded if they have evidence or history of diabetes, renal disease, liver disease or gastrointestinal disease. Patients will be excluded if they have gross xanthoma or advanced premature cardiovascular disease since this group may include hyper-absorbers of plant sterols.
* Individuals predisposed to hemorrhagic stroke (on the basis of untreated raised blood pressure) will be excluded.
* Patients will be excluded from the study if they have a history of any form of cancer apart from non melanoma skin cancer or are considered at high risk for cancer. However, if such patients wish to join the study, we would like them to obtain the approval of their oncologist or responsible physician prior to enrollment in the study. If the study oncologist does not believe it is safe to enroll the participant, the patient will be excluded from the study.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age: 16-35 years
* Body mass index (kg/m2): 28-36

Exclusion Criteria:

* Body weight fluctuations \> 3 kg over the previous 2 months
* Smoking

Presence of:

* Cardiovascular diseases, cancer tumours, kidney or lever diseases, infections or endocrinological diseases, malabsorption disorders
* Systolic blood pressure \> 180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure \> 100 mmHg
* Hypercholesterolemia with changes in pharmacological treatment within the last 2 months
* Regular use of medicine other than birth pills, any psychological disorders, known or presumed abuse of alcohol, allergies to any food, special diets (eg. vegetarian) or particular dislikes
* Pregnancy, lactating or planning pregnancy within 18 month from enrolment
D: Postmenopausal women ages 50 to 79.

Answer: D