Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Reducing HIV/AIDS and Drug Abuse Among Heroin Addicts Released From Compulsory Rehabilitation in China
Brief Summary: The purpose of the study is to develop and pilot-test a Recovery Management Intervention (RMI) program for heroin addicts released from compulsory rehabilitation in China.

The project has the following specific aims:

Primary aims:

Aim 1. To engage key stakeholders in the local communities involved in supporting the transition of heroin addicts released from compulsory rehabilitation to the community; Aim 2. To identify potential barriers for participating in MMT in China; Aim 3. To develop and deliver educational/training materials on HIV risks, relapse prevention, and MMT; Aim 4. To adapt and develop the Recovery Management Intervention (RMI) program for heroin addicts released from compulsory rehabilitation in China; Aim 5. To conduct a pilot trial and obtain preliminary outcome data associated with RMI, relative to enhanced standard care.

Secondary aim:

Aim 6. To explore predictors of relapse and HIV/AIDS risk behaviors.

It is hypothesized that the intervention will reduce drug use relapse and the negative consequences associated with relapse, including HIV risk behaviors


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 to 70 years patients needing methadone for their opioid dependence who are either naives of methadone treatment (prescribed) since at least 1 month
* need to switch from buprenorphine to methadone treatment
* negative test for pregnancy

Exclusion Criteria:

* co-dependent on alcohol and benzodiazepines,
* inmates,
* pregnant women,
* individual in irregular situation or who cannot be joined by phone.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Meets DSM-IV criteria for opioid dependence
2. Age \> 18 years
3. Confirmed HIV infection, either through positive HIV antibody or detectable HIV-1 RNA level.
4. Within the Connecticut Department of Corrections (CTDOC) or Hampden County Correctional Center (HCCC) and within 30 days of being released to the greater New Haven, Hartford or Springfield areas or within 30 days after release from CTDOC or HCCC.
5. No participation in pharmacotherapy trial in the previous 30 days
6. Not pregnant

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Unable to provide informed consent
2. Verbally or physically threatening to research staff
3. Unable to communicate in either English or Spanish
4. Pending trials for a felony
5. Liver failure (Childs-Pugh Class B or C Cirrhosis)
6. Grade IV Hepatitis (liver function tests \> 10X normal)
7. Receiving opioid prescription narcotics or has pain syndrome necessitating future use of opioid prescription narcotics.
8. Receiving active methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone for the treatment of opioid dependency
9. Active opioid withdrawal (within 3-5 days since last opioid ingestion)
10. Pregnancy or unwilling to take contraceptives measures
11. Breast-feeding
C: Inclusion Criteria:The study population will be drawn from all adult patients at participating compulsory rehabilitation facilities who:

1. have been incarcerated for at least one year and would have been eligible for MMT at the time of incarceration,
2. have at least 1 month remaining before release,
3. met the DSM-IV criteria for heroin dependence at the time of incarceration,
4. are willing to enroll in methadone maintenance treatment, and
5. are Shanghai residents who reside in the areas of Shanghai targeted by the study.

Exclusion Criteria: Individuals diagnosed with severe mental illness will not be eligible to participate.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Parolees enrolled in Amity's Amistad's program;
2. Age 18-60;
3. Discharged from prison or jail within the last six months;
4. History of drug use 12 months prior to most recent incarceration;
5. Previously homeless prior to most recent incarceration; and
6. Willing to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Monolingual speakers of languages other than English; and
2. Persons judged to be cognitively impaired by the research staff.

Answer: C