Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effectiveness of the First French Psychoeducational Program for Suicidal Behavior : a Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The aims of the recent World Health Organization report, highlighting that every 40 seconds a person dies from suicide somewhere in the world, are to increase awareness on the public health significance of suicide and make suicide prevention a greater priority within the global public health agenda. Across age groups, less than half of individuals at elevated suicide risk interface with some form of mental health services. Several barriers to help-seeking have been identified (maladaptive coping, lack of perceived need, beliefs about treatment effectiveness, fear of hospitalization or mistrust of providers, stigma...), which are key targets in knowledge-based interventions on suicide. Psychoeducational programs have shown effectiveness in prevention relapse for several mental disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder or recurrent depressive disorder, improving treatment adherence and self-confidence in coping with symptoms of the disease. They are highly recommended for addressing adherence problems in patients with serious and persistent mental illness. Only one team has published a study protocol for a controlled trial assessing a 10 group sessions psychoeducational program for prevention in patients having a suicide history, in a one-year follow-up. Interestingly, diagnosis-mixed group psychoeducation have shown superiority than an unspecific intervention add-on routine care, on the suicide prevention and compliance for severe psychiatric disorders. Those psychoeducational-specific elements are namely the interactive transfer of illness and treatment-related knowledge and management/coping - cognitive/behavioral - strategies, as defined by the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence)-Guidelines (NICE). Notably, as several psychiatric diagnoses are associated with suicidal behavior (SB), coping strategies have to target processes that overlap among these psychiatric disease, as well as suicidal vulnerability. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT), a "third wave" behavioral therapy, targets experiential avoidance and psychological flexibility, at the core of psychiatric disorders. Interestingly, in patients with a history of suicidal depression, training in mindfulness can help to weaken suicidal thinking associated with depressive symptoms , and thus reduce an important vulnerability for relapse to suicidal depression. ACT would also increase intrinsic motivation for daily life action (i.e. reasons for living and acting). Then, the functional analysis (matrix) used in ACT seems to be an useful tool to help patient in decision making, a neuropsychological factor impaired in suicidal patients. Finally, acceptance and commitment group therapy has suggested effectiveness in reducing intensity and frequency of suicidal thoughts, through improvement in acceptance, in high risk suicidal patients. As compared with ACT, Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) teaches added distress tolerance in view of survive the crisis. DBT is the most validated therapy for borderline personality disorder, the mental disorder the most associated with SB . Notably, group skills training is the most effective component in DBT for preventing suicidal behavior in borderline patients with high suicidal risk. Furthermore, interventions based on positive psychology have suggested efficacy in reducing depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation. Notably, in a recent pilot study, positive psychology exercises delivered to suicidal inpatients were feasible and associated with short-term gains improvement in optimism and hopelessness. Finally, as altered social link and sense of belonging have been widely involved in SB, relationship skills are an interesting positive psychology area for suicide prevention program.

Psychoeducational program integrating knowledge as well the last innovating cognitive-behavioral coping strategies for SB is of major interest in suicide prevention.

Investigators developed the first French program of suicide psychoeducation called "PEPSUI". The aim of this innovating program is to teach patients the more recent knowledge about suicidal behaviour (SB) and effective treatments, through didactic and interactive sessions. Thus, the objective is to conduct the patients to become experts and actors of their disease, increasing adherence to treatment. Besides, the patients will experiment the last innovating psychological skills to cope with unpleasant emotions and thoughts (including suicidal thoughts), distress tolerance skills and crisis strategies, and identify personal purpose in life and learn positive psychological skills in order to anchor with meaningful and pleasant components in life. Thus, this program will include skills from ACT, DBT and positive psychology. Finally, this primary care research is about a program which aim at improving accessibility to mental health services, care adherence and continuity for suicidal patients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Self-harm behaviour in the past 6 months
* In receipt of treatment from local Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services
* Competent and willing to provide written, informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe learning disability or pervasive developmental disorder
* Acute psychotic episode
* Eating disorder in the absence of self-harm.
* Non-English speaking
* Current involvement in other ongoing treatment research
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Female
* Minimum age of 17
* Childhood sexual abuse
* Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (criteria of SCID)
* At least one of the following diagnoses: Anorexia Nervosa, or Bulimia Nervosa, or substance abuse, or substance dependence, or major depression or at least 4 out of 9 criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of schizophrenia
* Mental retardation
* Body Mass Index lower than 16.5
* Acute delirium
* Perilous selfharming behaviour during the last 4 month
* Suicide attempt with the distinct intention to die during the last 4 month
* Unstability (e.g. homelessness, acute victimisation by offender)
* Pretreatment by DCT
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Current episodes of self-harm and/or recurrent suicidality.
* Fulfilling at least three criteria for borderline personality disorder.
* Admitted to psychiatric hospital for acute care for at least 7 days or presenting to the psychiatric emergency department at least 3 times during the last six months.

Exclusion Criteria:

* No regular contact with outpatient psychiatric services.
* Homelessness. Housing crises are outside the scope of this RCT.
* Medical disorder from other organs that significantly contributes to inclusion criteria (e.g. if self-harm only occurs during episodes of hypoglycemia in a diabetic patient).
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Between 18 and 65 years
* Having a current suicidal behaviour disorder according to DSM-5 (APA, 2013), i.e. history of suicidal attempt in the past year
* Able to speak, read and understand French.
* Able to give written informed consent
* Having signed informed consent
* Must belong to social safety system

Exclusion Criteria:

* Having a current or past diagnosis of an organic mental disorder
* Having a lifetime history of schizophrenia
* Having a mental retardation
* Planned longer stay outside the region that prevents compliance with the visit plan
* Deprived of liberty Subject (by judicial or administrative decision)
* Protected by law (guardianship)
* Current exclusion period in relation to another protocol

Answer: D