Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Potentiation of the Effects of Prismatic Adaptation by Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) : Evaluation of Functional Interest in Negligence Rehabilitation
Brief Summary: Following stroke, over 50% of patients keep severe neurological deficiency whose unilateral neglect, mostly following a right hemispheric lesion. The prismatic adaptation involves to pointing movements toward visual targets wearing prismatic glasses. These prismatic glasses induce a shift to the right visual field for improving symptoms in short term.

Transcranial direct stimulation (tDCS) has been evaluated for different types of deficiency resulting from stroke with encouraging results. The hypothesis of the study is to evaluate the usefulness of brain stimulation as an adjunctive intervention to optimize and increase the rehabilitation of unilateral neglect to long-term.

Thus, the main objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of standard treatment with prismatic adaptation with anodal tDCS or sham tDCS.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Right-handed
* All subjects must be between the ages of 18-80
* Patient with unilateral negligence consecutive to a right hemispheric stroke
* Hospitalized in the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (day or week) or external monitoring
* Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke with right hemispheric topography - evidenced by a radiological report
* Diagnosis of negligence evidenced by Behavioural Inattention Test (BIT) : score ≤ 129
* Stroke \>1 month prior to study enrollment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Degenerative neurological complaint
* Uncontrolled epilepsy
* Temporo-spatial disorientation
* Language disorders or psychiatric disorders preventing understanding instructions
* History of prior stroke, multiple stroke
* Medical condition not stabilized
* Pregnancy
* Implanted material (pacemaker, defibrillator, cochlear implant, surgical clips, metal object)
* Intra-cranial material
* Unweaned alcoholism
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke 3 months post stroke.
* Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FMA-Upper Extremity) score between 20-56/60
* Inducible motor evoked potential (MEP) of the abductor pollicis brevis (APB) on the paretic stimulation (TMS)
* Demonstrate the presence of unilateral neglect (Virtual Reality Lateralized Attention Test score \<18)

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of cortical hemorrhagic stroke
* Presence of any MRI, TMS, tDCS risk factors including:

  * history of seizures
  * history of brain tumor
  * hardware in skull or spine (e.g. coils, clips)
  * implantable medical device (e.g. pacemaker)
  * metal in body (not compatible with MRI)
  * pregnancy
* Severe spasticity (Modified Ashworth Scale score 3)
* Severe aphasia or cognitive impairment limiting participants' comprehension (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale Level of Consciousness Commands Item score 1 or Best Language Item score 2)
* Unable to travel to UE Motor Function Laboratory at the Center for Rehabilitation Research in Neurological Conditions (a collaborative, MOU approved, research center Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center and the Medical University of South Carolina) for the study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* First stroke patients with right brain damage
* Right-handed
* Preserved Italian language comprehension to provide informed consensus
* Clinical signs of spatial neglect (diagnosis by BIT)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior history of psychiatric or neurological disease
* Substance abuse
* Inability to sustain the experimental trainings
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* They are above 18 years.
* They have had a stroke.

Exclusion Criteria:

* They or their legal representative are unable to provide informed consent.
* They have a severe comorbid psychiatric (E.g. psychotic symptoms) disorder.
* They have a premorbid neurodegenerative disease (E.g. Alzheimer's dementia, vascular dementia).
* They have severe written language comprehension deficits.
* They have a medical implant, such as a cochlear implant or a pacemaker.
* They have a severe visual or auditory impairment that cannot be corrected for by wearing glasses or a hearing aid while wearing the Oculus Rift headset.
* They are unable to concentrate on a task for more than 15 minutes or are unable to complete a task according to simple task instructions.
* They have a history of epileptic seizures.
* They do not show signs of a spatial asymmetry in performance on a battery of screening tasks.
* The expected discharge of patients is in a period shorter than 7 weeks.

Answer: A