Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Can a Novel Treatment Using "Mandometer®" Technology Improve Weight Loss in a Childhood Obesity Clinic?
Brief Summary: We run a successful clinic in Bristol for children with severe obesity who already demonstrate many features to suggest they are at increased risk of early diabetes and heart disease. However, we have found that young children respond better to simple interventions than do adolescents. We have used a new treatment regimen "Mandometer®" to help our most difficult adolescent cases lose weight. We would like to do a study to see if all adolescents might improve weight loss using this technology compared to what we routinely offer


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adolescents aged 12 to 19
* With a diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 DM
* Score on Physical Activity Recall (PAR) Scale of 36 metabolic equivalents (METs) or less to ensure enrollment of youths who are not already engaged in a regular exercise or sports program
* Have a parent (guardian) who also agrees to attend personalized exercise program (PEP) training, participate in exercising and provide ongoing encouragement and support for PEP, and who does not have any positive responses to the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). The decision to use a value for METs \< 36 is based upon current PAR data from the PI's R01 that revealed a mean score of 34.7 ± 3.1 for teens with type 1 DM and 33.5 ± 1.4 for teens with type 2 DM. Mean scores for both groups reflect activity levels that are well below the current recommendation of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise on most days of the week.

Exclusion criteria:

Subjects will be excluded if they:

* Are in a school grade that is not appropriate to age within 2 years (this is to control for overt delays in cognition, literacy, and psychological or behavioral functioning)
* Have developed diabetes as a secondary condition to treatment for another chronic condition (i.e., cancer)
* Have known cardiac defects
* Are pregnant females.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Females,
* Ages 13- 15 at study recruitment,
* BMI in overweight range (95th percentile - 99th percentile,
* One or both parent(s) willing to participate.

Exclusion Criteria:

* BMI \> 99th percentile,
* Significant cognitive impairment,
* Current pregnancy,
* Congenital heart disease that limits activity,
* Serious asthma requiring oral prednisone,
* Taking medications that increase appetite.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Obese children and adolescents aged 10-18

Exclusion Criteria:

Children:

* Having associated learning difficulties
* Who have received medication for associated insulin resistance
* Refusal of parent/legal guardian to give informed consent.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Must have a parent or primary caregiver who lives in the same house as the adolescent
* Live within 60 miles of the program's office
* Have at least 3 grandparents who are African American
* Access to the internet
* Children between the ages of 11 and 16
* Child must have BMI above 85th percentile and below 99th percentile
* Have no medical condition that would limit participation in moderate intensity exercise including life-threatening illness (e.g., immobile, severely disabled, or bed ridden)
* Available and able to participate in measures and intervention activities over the next year

Exclusion Criteria:

* Adolescents with chronic illness
* Adolescents who require a specialized diet may not be eligible
* Developmental delay
* Partaking currently in another weight loss program

Answer: C