Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Renal Effects of Remote Ischemic Preconditioning in Patients After Total Arch Replacement
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that remote ischemic preconditioning prevents acute kidney injury and improves clinical outcomes in patients undergoing total arch replacement.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* is ≥ 45 years old;
* is undergoing elective major colorectal or upper GI surgery.

Exclusion Criteria

* Diabetic patients that are taking glibenclamide medication
* Patients with upper limb peripheral vascular disease, including those with arteriovenous fistula for dialysis
* Untreated hypertension (defined as two or more readings \>180mmHg systolic on admission for surgery)
* Current participation in any study investigating troponin levels or ischaemic preconditioning
* Unable or lacks capacity to give informed consent to participation
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age greater than 18 years
* Patient willing to give full informed consent for participation
* Patients undergoing elective carotid endarterectomy or
* Patients undergoing open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair or
* Patients undergoing endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair or
* Patients undergoing surgical lower limb revascularisation (suprainguinal or infrainguinal)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy
* Significant upper limb peripheral arterial disease
* Previous history of upper limb deep vein thrombosis
* Patients on glibenclamide or nicorandil (these medications may interfere with RIPC) Patients with an estimated pre-operative glomerular filtration rate \< 30mls/min/1.73m2
* Patients with a known history of myocarditis, pericarditis or amyloidosis
* Patients with an estimated pre-operative glomerular filtration rate \< 30mls/min/1.73m2.
* Patients with severe hepatic disease defined as an international normalised ratio \>2 in the absence of systemic anticoagulation
* Patients with severe respiratory disease (for the trial, defined as patients requiring home oxygen therapy)
* Patients previously enrolled in the trial representing for a further procedure
* Patients with previous axillary surgery
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patient \> 18 and \<85 years old
2. Patient having a planned surgery for a thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm by direct approach,
3. Patient with aortic aneurysm requiring supra-visceral aortic clamping and visceral artery reconstruction,
4. Aortic aneurysmal patient with or without distal femoral circulatory assistance,
5. Patient with aortic aneurysm of atheromatous or dissecting etiology,
6. Woman of childbearing potential with effective contraception (estrogen-progestin or intrauterine device or tubal ligation), postmenopausal woman (≥ 12 months of amenorrhea not induced by therapy)
7. Patient who read and understood the newsletter and signed the consent form
8. Patient affiliated with a social security scheme

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patient with aortic aneurysms requiring supra-visceral aortic clamping but not requiring visceral artery reconstruction (supra-visceral aortic clamping for renal aortic juxtaposition aorta),
2. Patient with thoraco abdominal aortic aneurysms requiring a circulatory arrest (aortic aneurysms affecting the descending thoracic aorta or the aortic arch)
3. Patient requiring emergency aortic surgery
4. Patient under treatment known as interfering with PCI (Nicorandil or oral antidiabetic agents),
5. Pregnant or lactating woman (negative result of baseline blood test)
6. Participation in another interventional study within 28 days before randomization or during this study
7. Person deprived of liberty by an administrative or judicial decision or person subject to a legal measure for the protection of adults,
8. Patient under the protection of justice, patient under guardianship or curatorship.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients scheduled for total arch replacement
* written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* pre-existing AKI
* peripheral vascular disease affecting the upper limbs
* hybrid total arch replacement
* the history of kidney transplantation

Answer: D