Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients Undergoing Surgical Hip Fracture Repair (FOCUS)
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to compare liberal red blood cell transfusion therapy with restrictive red blood cell transfusion therapy in surgical patients with cardiovascular disease or risk factors.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Has undergone surgical repair for a hip fracture
* Has a postoperative Hgb level below 10 g/dL within three days of surgery
* Diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (e.g., coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, stroke or transient ischemic attack, or peripheral vascular disease) or cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, tobacco use, or creatinine levels greater than 2.0 mg/dL)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable to walk prior to hip fracture
* Declines blood transfusions
* Suffered multiple traumas
* Pathologic fracture of the hip due to malignancy
* Clinically recognized acute myocardial infarction within the 30 days prior to study entry
* Previously participated in the trial and fractured the other hip
* Symptoms associated with anemia (e.g., ischemic chest pain) or actively bleeding at the time of randomization
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* The patient remains in the ICU after 96 hours (4 days) or more following ICU admission
* The patient has required mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube for 96 hours or more
* The patient is expected to require ≥24 hours of further mechanical ventilation at the time of assessment
* The patient is aged ≥55 years of age
* The patient has a Hb value of 90g/L or less at the time of assessment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient with active bleeding at the time of screening
* Patient with traumatic brain injury as presenting diagnosis
* Patient with intracranial haemorrhage as presenting diagnosis
* Patient not expected to survive the next 48 hours at the time of assessment.
* Patient objects to RBC transfusion
* Patient receiving concurrent treatment with erythropoietin or similar erythropoietic agent
* Follow up is not feasible
* Already enrolled in another RCT with similar clinical endpoints
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* \>= 12 years old
* \>= 40 kg body weight
* Scheduled complex cardiac surgery with planned use of median sternotomy.
* Patients ≥ 18 years must have a Transfusion Risk Understanding Scoring Tool (TRUST) probability score ≥ 3

Exclusion Criteria:

* Refusal of blood products
* Planned surgery is minimally invasive
* Known transfusion reaction history
* Requirement for washed products, volume reduced products, or products with additive solution removed
* Expected residual cyanosis with O2 saturation \< 90
* Left ventricular assist device (LVAD) or Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support pre-operatively or planned need post-operatively
* Cardiogenic shock requiring pre-operative placement of an Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) (IABP done for unstable angina or prophylactically for low ejection fraction is not excluded)
* Planned Deep Hypothermic Circulatory Arrest (DHCA)
* Renal dysfunction requiring pre-operative renal replacement therapies such as hemodialysis (HD) or continuous venovenous hemofiltration (CVVH)
* Planned use of alternative to heparin, e.g. bivalirudin
* Planned use of autologous or directed donations
* Prior RBC transfusion during hospitalization for the study-qualifying surgery
* Prior randomization into the RECESS study
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient in the ICU AND
* Fulfil the criteria for septic shock AND
* Have haemoglobin of 9.0 g/dl (5.6 mM) or less AND
* Consent obtainable from patient or proxy or national law allows delayed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Documented wish against transfusion OR
* Previous serious adverse reaction with blood product OR
* Acute coronary syndrome OR
* Life-threatening bleeding OR
* RBC transfusion during current ICU admission OR
* Withdrawal from active therapy or brain death OR
* Lack of informed consent (depending on national law) OR
* Acute burn injury regardless of degree and burn surface area

Answer: A