Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Beta Cell Restoration Through Fat Mitigation
Brief Summary: Weight loss achieved through gastric banding will be superior to treatment with metformin in preserving or restoring pancreatic beta cell function in people with prediabetes or mild type 2 diabetes.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Not previously treated with oral antidiabetic agents as defined by the protocol
* Blood glucose criteria must be met
* Body mass index (BMI) in the range 22-45

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy or lactation
* Type 1 diabetes
* Evidence of serious diabetic complications
* Evidence of serious cardiovascular complications
* Laboratory value abnormalities as defined by the protocol
* Known sensitivity to pioglitazone
* Other protocol-defined exclusion criteria may apply
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Not currently on durg therapy for type 2 diabetes
* Body mass index (BMI) in the range 22-45
* Blood glucose criteria must be met

Exclusion Criteria:

* Type 1 diabetes
* Pregnancy or lactation
* Evidence of serious diabetic complications
* Evidence of serious cardiovascular conditions
* Laboratory value abnormalities as defined by the protocol
* Other protocol-defined exclusion criteria may apply
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Prior completion of at least two months in a diet, exercise and lifestyle intervention program within the past two years
2. Fasting plasma glucose \>90 mg/dl plus 2-hour glucose ≥140 mg/dl on 75 gm OGTT plus HbA1C ≤7.0%. There is no lower limit for the A1C and no upper limit for the OGTT 2-hour glucose based on prior studies that allow us to identify people with falling β-cell function
3. Age 22-65 years
4. Body mass index (BMI) 30-40 kg/m2
5. For participants with diabetes, known duration \<1 year
6. No history of use of antidiabetic medications except during pregnancy

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Contraindications to LapBand(see Appendix 1)
2. Contraindication to MRI (claustrophobia; permanent metal objects such as pacemakers, prostheses, aneurysm clips)
3. Underlying disease(s) likely to (a) limit life span to less than study duration and/or (b) increase risk of intervention outside of the study and/or (c) limit ability to participate in outcomes assessment and/or (d) limit participation
4. An underlying disease known to have important effects on glucose metabolism
5. Active infections
6. Renal disease (serum creatinine ≥1.4 mg/dl for men; ≥1.3 mg/dl for women) or serum potassium abnormality (\<3.4 or \>5.5 mmol/l)
7. Anemia (hemoglobin \<11g/dl in women, \<12 g/dl in men) or known coagulopathy
8. Cardiovascular disease, including uncontrolled hypertension and symptomatic congestive heart failure. Participants must be able to safely tolerate administration of fluid/volume challenges during clamp studies.
9. Serum AST \>3 times upper limit of normal in local clinical lab
10. Excessive alcohol intake
11. Suboptimally treated thyroid disease
12. Conditions or behaviors likely to affect the conduct of the study

    1. unable or unwilling to give informed consent
    2. unable to adequately communicate with clinic staff
    3. another household member is a participant or staff member
    4. current or anticipated participation in another intervention research project that would interfere with any of the interventions/outcomes
    5. likely to move away from participating clinic in next 2 years
    6. current (or anticipated) pregnancy and lactation.
    7. major psychiatric disorder that, in the opinion of clinic staff, would impede the conduct of the study
    8. weight loss \>5% in past three months for any reason except postpartum weight loss.
13. additional conditions may serve as criteria for exclusion at the discretion of the local site
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diabetes mellitus, type 2, for at least 6 months
* Treatment regimens: diet and exercise, metformin as monotherapy or in combination with another oral antihyperglycemic medication (OAM), or another OAM as monotherapy. Must be able to tolerate metformin at a dose of at least 1500 milligrams (mg) daily for 6 weeks prior to randomization.
* Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) value of ≥7.0% to ≤9.5%, except participants on diet and exercise therapy who must have had HbA1c value of \>8.0% to ≤9.5%
* Body mass index (BMI) between 25 and 40 kilograms per meter squared (kg/m\^2), inclusive
* Stable weight for 3 months prior to screening
* Females of childbearing potential must test negative for pregnancy and agree to use a reliable birth control method

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diabetes mellitus, type 1
* Use of a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analog (for example, exenatide) within 6 months prior to screening or are being treated with insulin
* Gastric emptying abnormality, history of bariatric surgery, or chronic use of drugs that affect gastrointestinal motility
* Use of medications to promote weight loss
* Clinically-relevant cardiovascular event within 6 months prior to screening
* Poorly controlled hypertension
* Electrocardiogram (ECG) reading considered outside the normal limits or indicating cardiac disease
* Liver disease, hepatitis, chronic pancreatitis, idiopathic acute pancreatitis, or alanine transaminase (ALT) levels \>3.0 times the upper limit of normal
* Serum creatinine ≥1.5 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) or a creatinine clearance \<60 milliliters per minute (mL/minute)
* Uncontrolled diabetes, defined as \>2 episodes of ketoacidosis or hyperosmolar state requiring hospitalization in the 6 months prior to study entry.
* Uncontrolled endocrine or autoimmune abnormality
* History of a transplanted organ
* Chronic use of systemic glucocorticoid therapy
* Active or untreated malignancy
* Use of central nervous system (CNS) stimulants

Answer: C