Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Hospital-based Intervention Using Motivational Interviewing and Interactive Voice Response to Reduce Readmissions in Congestive Heart Failure and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The primary purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of a hospital-based intervention, using motivational interviewing and interactive voice response (IVR), to reduce hospital readmissions within 90 days of enrollment compared to usual care, for patients with heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* COPD defined as chronic irreversible airflow limitation with FEV1 \< lower limit of normal for age as % predicted and a FEV1/FVC ratio \< than lower limit of normal (usually 70%) \[5\]

Plus ≥ 2 comorbidities commonly associated with COPD as identified in the Canadian Thoracic Society COPD guidelines\*

1. Cardiovascular disease
2. Osteopenia and osteoporosis
3. Glaucoma and cataracts
4. Cachexia and malnutrition
5. Peripheral muscle dysfunction
6. Lung cancer
7. Metabolic syndrome (diabetes mellitus)
8. Depression
9. Chronic kidney disease OR Other conditions as primary admitting/presenting diagnosis + COPD as significant comorbidity + ≥ 1 other comorbidity

THAT

1. Get admitted to participating hospital; or
2. Present to participating hospital ED; or
3. Have first referral to Respiratory Centre/Respirology team

AND HAVE

1. ≥ 1 ED presentation/hospital admission in previous 12 months
2. ≥ 50 years age

Exclusion Criteria:

1. No access to primary care physician
2. Primary diagnosis of asthma
3. Terminal diagnosis (metastatic disease with a life expectancy of ≤ 6 months)
4. Dementia and absence of family caregiver able to assist with activation of the action plan and feedback on ongoing status and care coordination
5. Uncontrolled psychiatric illness
6. Inability to understand, read, and write English
7. No access to a phone
8. Inability to attend follow up at one of the participating sites
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 years or older
* Index hospitalization for congestive heart failure or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
* Access to telephone

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cognitive impairment
* Resident of a nursing home
* Does not speak English
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* All persons with a diagnosis of COPD (ICD-10:J44:9) who visit included primary care units due to their COPD.
* Needs to understand and read Swedish.
* Needs to have a smartphone, tablet or computer with access to internet.
* In case of exacerbation, the participant has to wait at least 6 weeks after initiated pharmacological treatment, before being eligible in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not COPD
* Dementia or other psychiatric condition that can prevent understanding of the intervention.
* Serious comorbidity that can be considered as the contributing factor for limitation in physical activity.
* Has an account on the COPD Web.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients aged 18 years or older with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or congestive heart failure admitted at a short-term medical ward and who are living in their private home.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnoses of dementia or cognitive impairment, and need of interpreter to participate in conversations.

The exclusion criteria are related to the patients' possibilities to participate in the motivational interviewing sessions by phone.

Answer: B