Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Pediatric Hydroxyurea Phase III Clinical Trial (BABY HUG)
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine if hydroxyurea therapy is effective in the prevention of chronic end organ damage in pediatric patients with sickle cell anemia.


Options:
A: No eligibility criteria
B: INCLUSION:

* Patient must have sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin SS) or sickle beta thalassemia (hemoglobin SB) as confirmed at the local institution.
* Participating institutions must submit documentation of the diagnostic hemoglobin analysis to the Statistical and Clinical Coordinating Centers to confirm the diagnosis of sickle cell anemia prior to randomization.
* Patient must be 5 through 14 years of age.
* Patient must have a cerebral infarct documented by MRI scan as read by the neuroradiology panel.
* Informed consent with assent in accordance with the institutional policies (institutional Institutional Review Board approval) and Federal guidelines (approved by the United States Department of Health and Human Services) must be signed by the patient's legally authorized guardian acknowledging written consent to join the study. When suitable, patients will be requested to give their assent to join the study.

EXCLUSION:

* Patient with a history of a focal neurologic event lasting more than 24 hours with medical documentation or a history of prior overt stroke.
* Patients with a transcranial doppler (TCD) study with a time-averaged mean velocity greater than 200 cm/sec verified by the study radiologist.
* Patients with other neurological problems, such as neurofibromatosis, lead poisoning, or tuberous sclerosis.
* Patients with HIV infection.
* Pregnancy.
* Patients who received treatment with anti-sickling drugs or hydroxyurea within 3 months or anticipate receiving anti-sickling drugs or hydroxyurea during the course of the study.
* Abnormal kidney function (creatinine \> 2x upper limit of normal).
* Patients on chronic blood transfusion therapy for other reasons.
* Patients judged not likely to be compliant by his/her hematologist and local nurse coordinator based on previous compliance in clinic appointments and following advice. Specifically, families that have missed at least two appointments without notification within 12 months prior to the trial or parents of potential patients that have been reported for medical or education neglect are not eligible for this trial.
* Patients unable to receive blood transfusion because of alloimmunization.
* Patients with permanent or semi-permanent metallic (braces on teeth) structures attached to their body. Such patients cannot obtain a MRI of the head to assess the presence of silent cerebral infarcts.
* Siblings randomized in the trial.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Majority fetal and sickle (FS or SF) hemoglobin pattern confirmed centrally by electrophoresis (screening may begin at 7 months of age)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Chronic transfusion therapy
* Cancer
* Less than 5th percentile (10th percentile for the pilot study) height, weight, or head circumference for age
* Severe developmental delay (e.g., cerebral palsy or other mental retardation, Grade III/IV intraventricular hemorrhage)
* Stroke with neurological deficit
* Surgical splenectomy
* Participating in other clinical intervention trials
* Probable or known diagnosis of Hemoglobin S-Hereditary Persistence of Fetal Hemoglobin
* Known hemoglobin S-beta plus thalassemia (hemoglobin A present)
* Any condition or chronic illness, which in the opinion of the principal investigator, makes participation unadvised or unsafe
* Inability or unwillingness to complete baseline (pre-enrollment) studies, including blood or urine specimen collection, liver-spleen scan, abdominal sonogram, neurological examination, neuropsychological testing, or transcranial Doppler ultrasound (interpretable study not required, but confirmed velocity greater than 200 cm/sec results in ineligibility)
* Previous or current treatment with hydroxyurea (HU) or another anti-sickling drug
* The following exclusion criteria are transient; patients can be re-evaluated for eligibility:

  1. Hemoglobin less than 6.0 gm/dL
  2. Reticulocyte count less than 80,000/cu mm if hemoglobin is less than 9 gm/dL
  3. Neutrophil count less than 2,000/cu mm
  4. Platelet count less than 130,000/cu mm
  5. Blood transfusion in the 2 months prior to study entry unless HbA is less than 10%
  6. ALT greater than twice the upper limit of normal
  7. Ferritin less than 10 ng/ml
  8. Serum creatinine greater than twice the upper limit of normal for age
  9. Bayley standardized mental score below 70
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Sickle cell anemia patients (SS/Sb0)
* \< 15 years old
* History of abnormal transcranial doppler (TCD) (≥ 200 cm/sec)
* Siblings from the same parental couple
* Parents amenable to Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) typing, SCT if an HLA-identical sibling is available or to long-term transfusion program

Exclusion Criteria:

* Sickle cell patients older than 15 years
* no history of abnormal transcranial doppler (TCD) (≥ 200 cm/sec)
* no sibling from the same parental couple
* parents averse to HLA typing, SCT if an HLA-identical sibling is available or to long-term transfusion program

Answer: C