Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Influence of Long-term Cell-phone Based Home Exercise on Biomarkers, Skeletal Muscle and Mortality in Patients With COPD
Brief Summary: Background: Moderate-intensity exercise training improves skeletal muscle aerobic capacity and increased oxidative enzyme activity, as well as exercise tolerance in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) patients.

Design: To investigate the home-based exercise training program can reduce inflammatory biomarkers in COPD.

Setting: Conducted from January 2007 to December 2007 at a tertiary medical center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taiwan.

Patients: Moderate to severe COPD receiving home exercise training, 12 using mobile phone assistance and 14 with free walk, were assessed for 6 months.

Measurements: Incremental shuttle walk test (ISWT), spirometry, strength of limb muscles, C-reactive protein (CRP) and inflammatory cytokines.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age:75 y or older
2. Co-morbidity or dependency. At least one of the following criteria: Charlson index \>3, dependency in 2 or more basic activities of daily living,treatment with 5 or more drugs, urgent hospitalization in the last 3 months, three or more diseases with active treatment, limitation in daily living because of vision or hearing impairment, cognition deficit, Parkinson disease, diabetes mellitus, chronic obstructive lung disease, severe anemia, constitutional syndrome
3. Hospital admission with a main diagnosis of heart failure (according to the criteria of the European Society of Cardiology or Framingham criteria) in NYHA functional class II-IV.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Participation refusal
2. Terminal illness
3. Cognitive decline or severe cognitive deficit, which does not permit a minimum knowledge of the disease, or lack of carers which give consent to study participation
4. Clinical instability as assessed with the Kosecof index
5. Being in waiting list for organ transplant or cardiac surgery
6. Inability to be followed-up because of other reasons (change of place of residence,..)
7. Institutionalization
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients with moderate to severe COPD

Exclusion Criteria:

* requirement for oxygen therapy;
* presence of symptomatic cardiovascular diseases or severe systemic diseases limiting exercise capacity;
* use of medications affecting exercise responses;
* musculoskeletal conditions with exercise performance limitation; and
* impaired hearing or vision that affects subject's ability to follow the exercise training program.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* COPD defined as chronic irreversible airflow limitation with FEV1 \< lower limit of normal for age as % predicted and a FEV1/FVC ratio \< than lower limit of normal (usually 70%) \[5\]

Plus ≥ 2 comorbidities commonly associated with COPD as identified in the Canadian Thoracic Society COPD guidelines\*

1. Cardiovascular disease
2. Osteopenia and osteoporosis
3. Glaucoma and cataracts
4. Cachexia and malnutrition
5. Peripheral muscle dysfunction
6. Lung cancer
7. Metabolic syndrome (diabetes mellitus)
8. Depression
9. Chronic kidney disease OR Other conditions as primary admitting/presenting diagnosis + COPD as significant comorbidity + ≥ 1 other comorbidity

THAT

1. Get admitted to participating hospital; or
2. Present to participating hospital ED; or
3. Have first referral to Respiratory Centre/Respirology team

AND HAVE

1. ≥ 1 ED presentation/hospital admission in previous 12 months
2. ≥ 50 years age

Exclusion Criteria:

1. No access to primary care physician
2. Primary diagnosis of asthma
3. Terminal diagnosis (metastatic disease with a life expectancy of ≤ 6 months)
4. Dementia and absence of family caregiver able to assist with activation of the action plan and feedback on ongoing status and care coordination
5. Uncontrolled psychiatric illness
6. Inability to understand, read, and write English
7. No access to a phone
8. Inability to attend follow up at one of the participating sites
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* COPD
* FEV1 \< 60% predicted value and FEV1/ FVC \< 70%
* 6-minute walking distance \< 400 m

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients suffering from cardiovascular, neurological, skeletal muscle, or any other condition that could alter their capacity to perform the exercise test
* Patients taking systemic corticosteroids on a daily basis (patients having received systemic steroids for the treatment of up to two exacerbations in the preceding year and those on inhaled steroids will be allowed)
* Patients with room air PaO2 \< 60 mm Hg will be excluded.

Answer: B