Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of Virtual Reality Augmented Balance Training for Postural Control in Patients With Parkinson's Disease
Brief Summary: Background and Objective: Postural instability is common in patient with Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality (VR) balance training on sensory and cognitive domains of postural control.

Setting: Balance Performance Laboratory. Participants: A total of 42 patients (Hoehn and Yahr stage II-III) were recruited and assigned into three groups randomly.

Intervention: Participants in the virtual reality (VR) group and conventional balance training (CB) group received a 6 weeks balance training program. The control group (CG) did not receive any training.

Outcome Measures: The sensory organization tests (SOT) of computerized dynamic posturography with single and dual tasks (i.e. with backward subtraction of number) were examined pre-, post-training and follow-up. The equilibrium score (ES) and sensory ratio were measured. The verbal reaction time (VRT) was recorded.

Results: (1) Only VR significantly increased ES of SOT-6 (i.e., vestibular function at visual and somatosensory conflicting condition) post-training more than CG post-training in either single or dual task. (2) Only CB training significantly increased SOT-5 (i.e., vestibular function without visual conflict) and vestibular sensory ratio (i.e., SOT-5/SOT-1) more than CG post-training in either single or dual task. (3) (3) Neither VR nor CB training reduced VRT significantly under six sensory conditions at post-training and follow-up.

Conclusion: Both VR training and CB training can improve sensory organization for postural control by enhancing utilization of vestibular information, but VR could enhance vestibular function with conflicting proprioceptive and visual information under single and dual tasks in patients with mild to moderate PD.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Flexibility & Function; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Flexibility and Function exercise program | Arm Label: Aerobic Exercise; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Aerobic Exercise | Arm Label: Home exercise; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Behavioral: Home exercise program | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Aerobic Exercise; Assigned to Arm(s): Aerobic Exercise | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Flexibility and Function exercise program; Assigned to Arm(s): Flexibility & Function | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Home exercise program; Assigned to Arm(s): Home exercise
B: Arm Label: virtual reality balance training; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: balance training | Arm Label: conventional balance training; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: balance training | Arm Label: control group; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: balance training; Assigned to Arm(s): conventional balance training, virtual reality balance training
C: Arm Label: Tai Chi; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Tai Chi | Arm Label: B. Strength training; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Strength training | Arm Label: C. Low-Impact; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Behavioral: Low-Impact Exercise Control | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Tai Chi; Assigned to Arm(s): Tai Chi | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Strength training; Assigned to Arm(s): B. Strength training | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Low-Impact Exercise Control; Assigned to Arm(s): C. Low-Impact
D: Arm Label: A; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Physical Therapy aimed to improve Physical Activity | Arm Label: B; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Physical therapy aimed to move safely | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Physical therapy aimed to move safely; Assigned to Arm(s): B | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Physical Therapy aimed to improve Physical Activity; Assigned to Arm(s): A

Answer: B