Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Using Group Commitment for Smoking Cessation
Brief Summary: This study proposes a novel behavioral intervention to help smokers in Thailand to achieve their goals of quitting. Smoking treatment programs are rare throughout most of Asia and unlikely to meet the impending demand for quitting that tobacco control regulations is stimulating. New approaches are needed.

The present study is a randomized controlled trial to test the effectiveness of a novel, scalable approach to smoking cessation that is targeted toward rural Southeast Asian communities. Thailand is used as a test case to explore if pairs of smokers quit successfully after making financially-backed commitments and receiving cash incentives to quit. The control group receives education and counseling about quitting. In addition to education and counseling about quitting, the intervention includes two key components:

1. Each participant is encouraged to deposit his "cigarette money" on a weekly basis, to be returned only if the smoker quits successfully within three months. Such commitment contracts, based on theory from behavioral economics, are designed to help a person to maintain self-control and motivation in the face of temptation.
2. Each participant is paired with another study participant. If both quit, each receives a cash bonus. The joint incentives are designed to lead partners to support each other throughout the quit attempt.

Thus, group commitment contracts marshal a robust blend of elements: financial commitment, social support, peer pressure, and monetary rewards. A larger, follow-up evaluation will clarify the relative importance of each of these elements.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hong Kong residents aged 18 or above
* Smoke at least 1 cigarette per day in the past 3 months
* Able to communicate in Cantonese
* Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) 4 ppm or above, assessed by a validated CO smokerlyzer
* Have Intention to quit

Exclusion Criteria:

* Smokers who have difficulties (either physical or cognitive condition) to communicate
* Currently following other smoking cessation programs
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 18 years or older
2. Able to read and understand English
3. Smoke more than 10 cigarettes/day
4. Patient enrolled in the HIV clinic with HIV or AIDS diagnosis

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Are actively suicidal or have uncontrolled manic or psychotic symptoms requiring immediate care
2. Are in recovery for pathological gambling (PG)
3. Have contraindications for bupropion treatment (e.g., presence of epilepsy or other seizure disorder, use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors or other antidepressants, presence of eating disorders or very low weight)
4. Are already participating in other smoking cessation interventions.
C: Inclusion Criteria: Only women will participate in the proposed study, because the overarching aim is to develop efficacious treatments for smoking cessation and relapse prevention during pregnancy and early postpartum. All participants will be currently pregnant and report being smokers at the time of conception. Those in Study 1 will report continuing to smoke upon entering prenatal care. Those in Study 2 will report having already quit smoking upon entering prenatal care. Women must reside in the county in which the clinic is located, plan to reside in this geographical area through 6 months postpartum, be \< 25 weeks gestation, not be living in a group residence, English speaking, and not regularly receiving psychotropics other than antidepressants.

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Exclusion Criteria: Women receiving opioid substitution therapy will be excluded. In Vermont, minorities comprise 4% of the general population. There will be no exclusion criteria concerning race or ethnicity. In our studies during the prior funding period, approximately 5% of participants were minorities. We anticipate a similar sample in the proposed studies. We shall do all that we can to assure that minorities are included in the research.

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D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Current smoker of at least 10 cigarettes per week and at least 100 cigarettes over the course of a lifetime
* Residents of the study area in Nakhon Nayok province, which includes the six subdistricts of Klong Yai, Chumpon, Bueng San, Pak Phli, Khao Phoem, or Ongkharak

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant
* Plans to leave the study area within the next 12 months

Answer: D