Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Physical Activity Promotion in Breast Cancer Survivors: A Population Based Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Over 30 studies have shown that exercise can improve physical fitness, reduce fatigue, increase functioning, and enhance overall quality of life (QoL) in breast cancer survivors both during and after treatments. Research has also shown, however, that breast cancer survivors experience a significant reduction in physical activity during treatments that is not recovered even years after treatments are completed. The objectives of this study are to examine the effects of two behavior change interventions (a step pedometer and printed materials) on physical activity, social cognitive variables, and QoL in a population-based sample of breast cancer survivors. Approximately 300 breast cancer survivors living in Northern Alberta will be randomized to one of four groups: (1) an exercise recommendation only group (viewed as the current standard of care), (2) an exercise recommendation plus pedometer group, (3) an exercise recommendation plus printed materials group, and (4) an exercise recommendation plus pedometer and printed materials group. Our primary hypothesis is that participants receiving the combined pedometer and printed materials intervention will report the greatest change in physical activity. Our secondary hypotheses are that these interventions will also result in improved QoL and more positive social cognitive beliefs about exercise in breast cancer survivors. Given the geographic dispersion of our population, finding practical and sustainable interventions that employ distance medicine-based approaches may be ideal for promoting healthy activity patterns in breast cancer survivors in Northern Alberta.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Newly diagnosed (I-III) with a first primary invasive breast cancer
* Have undergone a lumpectomy or mastectomy
* Have completed neoadjuvant/adjuvant chemotherapy and able to initiate Exercise program (if randomized to that arm) within 12 weeks of therapy completion
* Body mass index (BMI) \> 25 kg/m\^2 or body fat \> 30% (determined by Dr. Dieli-Conwright at baseline visit)
* Currently participate in less than 60 minutes of physical activity per week May use adjuvant endocrine therapy if use will be continued for duration of study period
* Nonsmokers (i.e., not smoking during previous 12 months)
* Willing to travel to the exercise facility and USC
* Able to provide physician clearance to participate in exercise program
* Women of all racial and ethnic backgrounds will be included in the study enrollment process

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of chronic disease including diabetes, uncontrolled hypertension or thyroid disease
* Weight reduction \>= 10% within past 6 months
* Diagnosed with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive tumor (exclusion due to patient use of Herceptin medication for 1 year following chemotherapy)
* Metastatic disease
* Planned reconstructive surgery with flap repair during trial and follow-up period
* Cardiovascular, respiratory or musculoskeletal disease or joint problems that preclude moderate physical activity
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Female 18 y and over,
* Diagnosed with invasive breast cancer (Stage I-III) within two years of enrolment and no evidence, or clinical suspicion, of metastatic disease,
* Post-surgery and had no surgery planned for the next six months at least,
* Had fully completed adjuvant therapy (radiotherapy and/or chemotherapy) not including hormonal therapy,
* No previous malignancy except in the case of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS), basal cell carcinoma or cervical carcinoma in situ, or where the patient has been disease-free for 10 years,
* No concomitant medical or psychiatric problems that might prevent completion of treatment or follow-up,
* Willing to be randomised, and willing to maintain contact with the investigators over the six months

Exclusion Criteria:

* No evidence of invasive breast cancer (i.e. only pre-invasive disease identified),
* Previous invasive breast cancer (surgically treated DCIS or LCIS is allowed),
* Inability to participate in PA because of severe disability (e.g. severe arthritic conditions), psychiatric illness and vulnerable subjects, such as pregnant women.
* Any other patient where PA was not approved by their oncologist due to the presence of one or more contraindications to exercise in cancer patients.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* histologically confirmed breast cancer.
* mentally competent.
* physician approval to participate in the study.
* free from chronic medical and orthopaedic conditions.
* no current or planned pregnancy.
* ability to read and understand English.
* must be in the post treatment phase of their cancer trajectory.
* willing to accept random assignment.
* not currently participating in another QoL intervention.
* no known or active metastatic disease.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Breast cancer patients with a BMI 27-45 kg/m2
* Diagnosis of Stage 0-IIIc disease within the past 10 years (except Stage 0, treated with mastectomy only)
* Have completed all local and systemic therapy at least 3 months prior to entry
* Have clearance from their oncologist or current medical provider to participate in a weight control study
* Must be ≤ 75 years old
* Post-menopausal
* Participants must live in a rural area
* Have access to a phone
* Able to participate in the physical activity component of the intervention, i.e., be able to walk briskly unassisted and without serious medical risk
* Weight stable within ten pounds three months prior to entry

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women with insulin-dependent diabetes
* Ongoing participation in a formal weight loss program
* Ongoing use of pharmacotherapy for weight loss
* Ongoing use of medications that seriously affect weight and metabolism (e.g., steroids, phentermine)
* Positive screen for current substance abuse, major depression, or binge eating disorder
* Any cardiac or pulmonary disease preventing participation
* Treatment for any other cancers within the past year
* Previous bariatric surgery

Answer: C