Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Robot-assisted Locomotor and Stair Climbing Training for Improving Mobility and Participation in Daily Activities in Persons Affected by Stroke: a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Brief Summary: Stair climbing up and down is an essential part of everyday's mobility. Physiotherapy is focused on muscle strengthening, real floor walking and stairs climbing tasks, but these methods do not stress in terms of intensity stair-climbing practice. The aims of this study is to compare whether an intensive robot-assisted stair climbing training (RASCT) is more effective than conventional physiotherapy (CP) for improving stair climbing ability, gait and postural control in stroke patients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Have been admitted to a hospital unit for stroke treatment
* Stroke within last 3 months
* One-sided hemiparesis
* 19 years or older
* Requires 2-person assist to walk
* Able to communicate and follow instructions
* Prescribed to receive physiotherapy care

Exclusion Criteria:

* Stroke of non-vascular origin (e.g. tumour, infection)
* Significant musculoskeletal or other neurological condition
* Co-morbidities that would preclude activity
* Pregnant
* Unable to walk prior to stroke
* \<60 inches or \>74 inches in height
* \>220 pounds in weight
* Joint contractures or spasticity that would limit safe use of the Ekso exoskeleton
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Elderly adults

  1. Age: between 65 and 84 years
  2. elderly adults who had no neurological or musculoskeletal abnormalities affecting gait
  3. Ability to walk at least 10m regardless of assist devices
  4. High levels of physical performance (SPPB \> 7)
  5. Subject is willing to be randomized to the control group or the treatment group
* Stroke

  1. Age: between 50 and 84 years
  2. ≥ 3 months post stroke
  3. Ability to walk at least 10m regardless of assist devices
  4. Adequate gait function (FAC \> 3)
  5. Physician approval for patient participation
  6. Subject is willing to be randomized to the control group or the treatment group

Exclusion Criteria:

* Elderly adults

  1. History of any diseases (eg. lower extremity orthopedic diseases, neurologic disorders, cardiovascular disease, heart failure, uncontrolled hypertension that affect walking capacity, efficiency, and endurance)
  2. Severe visual impairment or dizziness that increases the risk of falls
* Stroke

  1. Serious cardiac conditions (hospitalization for myocardial infarction or heart surgery within 3 months, history of congestive heart failure, documented serious and unstable cardiac arrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, severe aortic stenosis, angina or dyspnea at rest or during activities of daily living)
  2. Advanced liver, kidney, cardiac, or pulmonary disease
  3. History of concussion in last 6 months
  4. History of unexplained, recurring headaches, epilepsy/seizures/skull fractures or skull deficits
  5. Preexisting neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), dementia
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* First-ever ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke;
* More than or equal to 3 months post stroke;
* Age\>18 years;
* Mini- Mental State Examination (MMSE) score more than 23;
* Ability to stand for at least 1 min without arm support; ability to walk independently for at least 10 m with or without walking aids;
* Functional Ambulation Category score equal or more than 1.
* Signed informed consent form

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe cognitive or communicative disorders that hamper collaboration;
* Unstable cardiovascular system conditions (i.e. labile compensated cardiac insufficiency, angina pectoris), deep vein thrombosis, severe neurological or orthopedic diseases which massively affect lower limb mobility; severe joint misalignment;
* Treatment of lower limb spasticity (i.e. botulinum toxin) in the 3 months prior to the start of the study and/or during its execution.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with infratentorial stroke
* Cognitively intact enough to understand and follow the instructions from the investigator

Exclusion Criteria:

* chronic neurological pathology
* orthopedic injuries
* femur lengths of less than 34cm
* severely limited range of lower extremity joint motion
* medical instability

Answer: C