Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of an Exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program 'Baduanjin-eight-silken-movement With Self-efficacy Building' for Patients With Chronic Heart Failure in Guangzhou, China (BESMILE-HF Study)
Brief Summary: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major and growing public health problem and poses economic burden on the society. There is a need for a safe, equipment-free, low-cost, and easily implemented exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program for CHF patients in China. Baduanjin exercise, translated as 'eight silken movements', is one of the most common forms of traditional Chinese exercise and it could have value to be integrated into a exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program for CHF patients, together with education, evaluation and consultancy. Accordingly, the BESMILE-HF program applying the Baduanjin exercise as the central component, has been developed in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine which is one of the largest hospitals of Chinese medicine in China. This project is to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of BESMILE-HF program in patients with CHF in China, and it will be based on a randomized controlled trial and a qualitative study.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. aged 18 years or above
2. diagnosed with chronic heart failure
3. clinically stable as defined as symptoms and signs that have remained generally unchanged for at least 1 month
4. NYHA functional class II or III

Exclusion Criteria:

1. patients who have contraindications to cardiopulmonary test
2. patients who have contraindications to exercise training
3. Patients who have serious acute or chronic organic disease or mental disorders
4. history of cardiac surgery, cardiac resynchronization therapy, or intracardiac defibrillation within the previous 3 months;
5. history of cardiac arrest within 1 year;
6. history of peripartum cardiomyopathy, hyperthyroid heart disease, primary pulmonary hypertension;
7. inability to perform a bicycle stress test;
8. severe cognitive dysfunction precluding informed consent or understanding of exercise concepts;
9. current regular Baduanjin or current participation in a conventional cardiac rehabilitation program
10. current participation in another trial.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Coronary artery bypass

Exclusion Criteria:

* Significant lung disease
* Drug abuse
* Pregnancy
* Major physical impairment
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* History of cardiovascular disease
* Admission to the collaborating rehabilitation center

Exclusion Criteria:

* Technological illiteracy
* Inability to access internet at home
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Men and women with documented CVD
* age 40-80 yrs
* patients are on optimal medical treatment and stable with regard to symptoms and pharmacotherapy for at least 4 weeks
* patients must have completed the ambulatory CR program and received clinical approval from their treating physician to continue exercising outside the hospital program
* internet access at home

Exclusion Criteria:

* significant illness during the last 6 weeks
* known severe ventricular arrhythmia with functional or prognostic significance
* significant myocardial ischemia, hemodynamic deterioration or exercise-induced arrhythmia at baseline testing
* cardiac disease that limits exercise tolerance (valve disease with significant hemodynamic consequences, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy etc.)
* co-morbidity that may significantly influence one-year prognosis
* functional or mental disability that may limit exercise
* acute or chronic inflammatory diseases or malignancy, the use of anti-inflammatory drugs or immune suppression
* GFR \<25ml/min/1.73m2
* hemoglobin \< 10g/dl
* severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (FEV1 \< 50%)
* NYHA class 4
* participation in another clinical trial

Answer: A