Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Comparison of Regional Ventilation Pattern During High Flow Nasal Cannula Between Conventional Low Flow System Nasal Cannula in Patients With Mild to Moderate Hypoxia
Brief Summary: High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) that uses heated and humidified oxygen was recently introduced for bedside care. It has been shown to be associated with reduced risks of tracheal intubation rates and mortality in adult hypoxic patients.

The mechanisms of the effects of HFNC are thought to be related to the favorable effects of the heated and humidified gas, the high-flow rate used to minimize the entrainment of room air, and an increase in the ventilation efficiency, including the elimination of nasopharyngeal dead space, positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) effects, and improvements in paradoxical abdominal movement. Regarding the effects on lung volume, global ventilation in the lungs increases during HFNC, which is thought to attribute to PEEP effects. However, how regional ventilation is affected during HFNC in comparison with conventional NC remains unknown.

Because PEEP in mechanically ventilated patients improves the regional homogeneity of ventilation, investigators postulated that HFNC via PEEP effects would result in more homogeneous regional distributions in the ventilation changes. Investigators therefore assessed global and regional ventilation in patients with hypoxia receiving care via HFNC using electric impedance tomography and compared these results with conventional nasal cannula.


Options:
A: Arm Label: HFNT; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: HFNT | Arm Label: NIV; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: NIV | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: HFNT; Assigned to Arm(s): HFNT | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: NIV; Assigned to Arm(s): NIV
B: Arm Label: HFNC alone; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: HFNC | Arm Label: HFNC and NIV; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: HFNC, Device: NIV | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: HFNC; Assigned to Arm(s): HFNC alone, HFNC and NIV | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: NIV; Assigned to Arm(s): HFNC and NIV
C: Arm Label: HFNC first; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: HFNC followed by conventional nasal cannula | Arm Label: LFS first; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: Conventional nasal cannula followed by HFNC | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: HFNC followed by conventional nasal cannula; Assigned to Arm(s): HFNC first | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Conventional nasal cannula followed by HFNC; Assigned to Arm(s): LFS first
D: Arm Label: O2 conventional : standard low flow therapy; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: O2 conventional | Arm Label: O2-HNF : high flow nasal oxygen therapy; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: O2-HFN : high flow nasal oxygen therapy | Arm Label: O2-HFN/NPPV; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: O2-HFN/NPPV : association of high flow nasal oxygen therapy and non invasive positive pressure ventilation | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: O2 conventional; Assigned to Arm(s): O2 conventional : standard low flow therapy | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: O2-HFN : high flow nasal oxygen therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): O2-HNF : high flow nasal oxygen therapy | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: O2-HFN/NPPV : association of high flow nasal oxygen therapy and non invasive positive pressure ventilation; Assigned to Arm(s): O2-HFN/NPPV

Answer: C