Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effect of Local Anesthetic Injection Depth on Procedural Pain and Discomfort During Fluoroscopically Guided Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Injections
Brief Summary: Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Injection is helpful for the treatment of lumbosacral radicular pain. But needle handling during the procedure may cause pain and discomfort to the patient. At the local skin anesthesia step, local anesthetics injection to the muscle layer along the needle pathway as well as the subcutaneous layer may reduce the procedural pain. In addition, it can reduce the injection site pain that may occur after the procedure.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Lumbosacral radicular pain based on history and physical exam (e.g. pain radiating into one or both lower extremities, sensory loss, muscle weakness, positive straight leg raising test etc.)
* Numerical Rating Scale leg pain score \> 4 (or if 3/10, greater or equal to back pain)
* MRI evidence of spinal pathology consistent with symptoms

Exclusion Criteria:

* Untreated coagulopathy
* Previous spine surgery
* No MRI study
* Leg pain \> 4 years duration Epidural steroid injection within past 3 years Cauda equina syndrome Previous failed trials with gabapentin or pregabalin Allergic reactions to gabapentin or pregabalin Referrals from surgery for diagnostic injections for surgical evaluation Serious medical or psychiatric that condition that might preclude optimal outcome or interfere with participation, such as the need for uninterrupted anticoagulation.

Pregnancy
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical manifestations of adult men and women over 20 years of age are eligible for radiculopathy due to back nerve root compression and subject to fluoroscopically guided lumbar transforaminal epidural Injection at the suspected spinal nerveroots level.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Blood clotting disorder
2. Infection around the site
3. Contrast agent allergy
4. Uncontrolled cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, kidney disease
5. Past history of spinal surgery (ex, spinal fusion)
6. If can not block due to Non-cooperation with subjects (ex, if you can not take the stomach)
7. Patients taking narcotic analgesics
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* adults age 18 years and older, unilateral lumbar radicular pain, baseline distal radicular lower extremity pain VAS score ≥ 5/10, and prior favorable response to TFESI

Exclusion Criteria:

* pregnancy, infection, coagulopathy, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, history of allergy to iodinated contrast medium and interventional therapies for pain within 90 days prior to study enrollment
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Chronic low back pain of radicular origin of \> 4 weeks but \< 6 months duration.
2. Leg pain \> back pain.
3. Failure of conservative therapy to include physical and pharmacotherapy.
4. MRI evidence of a lateral or paracentral herniated disc corresponding to the patient's radicular symptoms.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Uncontrolled coagulopathy.
2. Pregnancy, which will be ruled out by a urine pregnancy test in women of childbearing age.
3. Allergy to contrast dye or amide local anesthetics.
4. Previous epidural steroid injection within last year.
5. Unstable medical or psychiatric condition (e.g. unstable angina, congestive heart failure or severe depression) that could preclude an optimal treatment response.
6. Rheumatoid arthritis or spondylarthropathy.
7. Unstable neurological condition (e.g. multiple sclerosis)
8. Systemic infection

Answer: B