Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effectiveness of a Brain-Computer Interface Based System for Cognitive Enhancement in the Normal Elderly
Brief Summary: The primary objective is to examine the efficacy of 8-weeks of a locally developed brain-computer interface based system (BrainpalTM)intervention for improving attention and memory in normal elderly. We hypothesize that elderly who have completed the training program will have significant improvement in their attention and memory compared to the controls, based on the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* diagnosis of chronic insomnia
* able to use a home personal computer
* have healthy dominant hand functioning
* Hebrew speakers

Exclusion Criteria:

* have any significant visual or hearing impairment
* have any significant medical, neurological or psychiatric illness that might bring about cognitive change
* have sleep disorders other than insomnia
* have any significant medical disease (including cancer, diabetes, liver, kidney, heart or lung disease)
* alcoholism or other drug abuse
* taking any medication known to affect central nervous system functioning other than sleeping pills
* historical evidence suggesting significant psychiatric conditions such as depression, psychosis or neurologic disease
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 50 years of age or older
* Patient of the FCC in Family Medicine or General Internal Medicine Clinic at UIHC
* No known memory problems

Exclusion Criteria:

* Significant vision impairments
* Lack of access to a computer or owns a MAC
* Lives more than 37 miles from the lab
* Traumatic Brain Injury or severe stroke
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age range between 60-70 years old
2. Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0.5\*
3. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) of 9 and below
4. Mini-Mental State Examination of 24 and above\*
5. Chinese ethnicity
6. Literate in English and/or Chinese
7. Able to travel to study site independently

   * In the case of conflicting CDR and MMSE scores, MMSE scores will supersede CDR scores.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any known neuropsychiatric disorders (such as epilepsy or mental retardation)
2. Involvement in another research study (aside from SLAS)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. At least 60 years of age
2. Self-reported levels of proficiency in English (French for Montreal site only) for speaking and understanding spoken language.
3. Able to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plan, and other trial procedures
4. Able to ambulate at least 10 meters independently
5. Having MCI operationalized using Albert et al. criteria as:

   * objective cognitive impairment in one of the following four cognitive domains: memory, executive function, attention, and language evaluated by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) test with scores ranging from 13-24/30.
   * Preserved activities of daily living on the disability scale confirmed by clinician interview
6. Having normal or corrected to normal vision in at least one eye so that they can identify symbols and stimuli presented on a computer screen in front of them.
7. Must be in sufficient health to participate in the study's aerobic-based exercise training program, based on medical history, vital signs, physical examination by study physicians, or written recommendation by family physician indicating one's appropriateness to participate in aerobic-based exercise training program.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Serious underlying disease (such as active cancer, or recent heart attack) which, in the opinion of the investigator, may preclude engagement in interventions or may interfere with the participant's ability to participate fully in the study.
2. Diagnosis of dementia using criteria from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition.
3. Participant with uncontrolled major depression, schizophrenia, severe anxiety and substance abuse.
4. Current parkinsonism or any neurological disorder with residual motor deficits (e.g. stroke with motor deficit), active musculo-skeletal disorders (e.g. severe osteoarthritis of lower limbs) or history of knee/hip replacement affecting gait performance at clinical evaluation.
5. Intention to enroll in other clinical trials during the same time period
6. Pre-existing exercise structured training program involving aerobic or resistance training in previous 6 months.
7. Taking cognitive enhancers, neuroleptics, anticholinergics or Vitamin D3 in doses more than 1000IU/day or equivalent.

Answer: C