Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Intradialytic Protein Supplementation & Exercise Training in Dialysis Patients.
Brief Summary: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients receiving hemodialysis treatment (CKD stage 5) suffer from a variety of co-morbid diseases, many of which may be mechanistically linked. Protein malnutrition, muscle catabolism and wasting are especially common, and these lead to reduced muscle strength, declines in physical function, and low levels of physical activity. Physical inactivity exacerbates these functional declines, and also promotes cardiovascular disease (CVD) and bone disorders. This cycle of disease and disability greatly reduces quality of life (QOL) and increases mortality rates in dialysis patients.

Many factors contribute to the development of these co-morbidities. Chronic inflammation is believed to be a cause and a consequence of the protein malnutrition, CVD and bone disorders in dialysis patients. In addition, abnormalities in mineral metabolism resulting from the deficit in kidney function promote the loss of mineral from bone and the deposition of mineral in the vasculature, a process termed vascular calcification (VC). VC is associated with a variety of CVD-related disorders, including arterial stiffness, increases in arterial wall intima-media thickness (IMT), left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), and declines in cardiac function. As a result of these abnormalities, cardiovascular events are 10 to 30 times greater in dialysis patients than in age- and sex-matched subjects in the general population.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Ceprolac; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Ceprolac | Arm Label: Dietary counseling (DC); Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Dietary counseling (DC) | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Ceprolac; Assigned to Arm(s): Ceprolac | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Dietary counseling (DC); Assigned to Arm(s): Dietary counseling (DC)
B: Arm Label: Control; Type: SHAM_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Control | Arm Label: Protein; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Protein | Arm Label: Protein + Exercise; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Protein + Exercise | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Control; Assigned to Arm(s): Control | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Protein; Assigned to Arm(s): Protein | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Protein + Exercise; Assigned to Arm(s): Protein + Exercise
C: Arm Label: Usual Care Protocol; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Nutritional Supplement | Arm Label: Intensive Protocol; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Nutritional Supplement | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Nutritional Supplement; Assigned to Arm(s): Intensive Protocol, Usual Care Protocol
D: Arm Label: Standard Hemodialysis; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Hemodialysis with Nutrition Supplement; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Nepro | Arm Label: Nutrition Supplement; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Nepro | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Nepro; Assigned to Arm(s): Hemodialysis with Nutrition Supplement, Nutrition Supplement

Answer: B