Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Sertraline Pharmacotherapy for Alcoholism Subtypes
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether Sertraline, compared to placebo, is effective in the treatment of alcohol dependence as a function of the subtype of alcoholic patient being treated. This involved administering sertraline (to a maximum of 200 mg/day) or an inactive placebo for a 14-week treatment period.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Current episode (i.e., in the preceding month) of alcohol dependence defined by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 4th ed (DSM-IV) criteria
* 18-65 years of age
* Abstinent from alcohol for a period of at least 3 days prior to baseline research assessment
* Able to read English and complete study evaluations
* Male, or if female, without active reproductive potential
* Participants will have signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently meets criteria for dependence on a psychoactive substance other than alcohol and nicotine
* Regular use of psychoactive drugs including anxiolytics and antidepressants
* Current use of disulfiram or naltrexone
* Current major depression or psychosis (or other severe psychiatric disability e.g., suicidality, current mania)
* Significant underlying medical conditions such as hepatic, cerebral, renal, thyroid, or cardiac pathology, which in the opinion of the evaluating physician would preclude the patient from study adherence or be of potential harm to the subject
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for MDD (diagnosis based on Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV, Patient Edition; SCID I/P)
2. Written informed consent
3. Men and women aged 18-64 years
4. Current diagnosis of alcohol abuse/dependence as per SCID I/P

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects with suicidal ideation where outpatient treatment is determined unsafe by the study clinician. These patients will be immediately referred to appropriate clinical treatment.
2. Pregnant women or women of childbearing potential who are not using a medically accepted means of contraception (defined as oral contraceptive pill or implant, condom, diaphragm, spermicide, IUD, s/p tubal ligation, partner with vasectomy).
3. Known history of serious or unstable medical illness, including cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, respiratory, endocrine, neurologic or hematologic disease.
4. History of seizure disorder, brain injury, any history of known neurological disease (multiple sclerosis, degenerative disease such as ALS, Parkinson disease and any movement disorders, etc.).
5. Clinical or lab evidence of untreated hypothyroidism.
6. History or current diagnosis of the following DSM-IV psychiatric illness: organic mental disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, psychotic disorders not otherwise specified, bipolar disorder, patients with mood congruent or mood incongruent psychotic features, patients with substance use disorders (excluding alcohol and nicotine) active within the last 12 months.
7. Current use of other psychotropic drugs, including current use of benzodiazepines, hypnotics, anticonvulsants. Concomitant use of antihistamine drugs will be allowed. Patients will need to be off all antidepressants for at least two weeks by the time of the baseline visit, and four weeks for fluoxetine, and off benzodiazepines and other psychotropics for at least one week. The decision about whether to taper existing medications should be made by the individual and their primary treater based on clinical care and will not be made for purposes of study enrollment. allowed.
8. Patients who have failed to respond during the course of their current major depressive episode to at least two adequate antidepressant trials. An adequate antidepressant trial is defined as six weeks or more of treatment with escitalopram \> 20mg/day or its antidepressant equivalent: (fluoxetine 40mg/day, sertraline \> 100 mg/day, paroxetine \> 40 mg/day, fluvoxamine \> 100 mg/day, citalopram \> 40 mg/day, escitalopram \> 20 mg/day, venlafaxine \> 150 mg/day, and duloxetine \> 60 mg/day).
9. Any depression-focused or substance-abuse focused psychotherapy (family or marital counseling would be allowed).
10. Patients who have taken an investigational psychotropic drug within the past year.
11. Need for medical or inpatient detoxification from alcohol. This determination will be made by the screening clinician, based on clinical judgement as in the multicenter STAR\*D study (PHRC #2000-P-001955 in accordance with methods used in the multi-center STAR-D study.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults
* Clinical diagnosis of major depressive disorder (DSM-IV)
* HDRS-17 items \> 20
* Failure of one antidepressant treatment (efficacious doses for 6 weeks at least)

Exclusion Criteria:

* I or II bipolar disorder
* Psychotic features
* Failure of one previous venlafaxine treatment
* Addiction comorbidity or schizophrenia comorbidity
* Involuntary hospitalization
* Seizures history
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding
* Somatic comorbidity able to impact on cognitive functions
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Meet DSM-IV criteria for primary diagnosis of MDD.
* HAM-D17 score of ≥ 16.
* 18-65 years age-range
* Subjects with English or Dutch literacy and fluency.
* Written, informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Presence of suicidal ideations and/or tendencies (as determined by a score \>12 on Section C, Suicidality, of the MINI Plus), Bipolar I-III, psychosis, primary eating disorders, Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), Post-Natal Depression as well as any Axis II personality disorders as diagnosed using the MINI Plus or by a health care professional.
* Pregnancy and women of child bearing potential who are not taking a medically accepted form of contraception and are at risk of becoming pregnant during the study.
* Breastfeeding.
* Known contra-indication or intolerance to the use of Escitalopram, Sertraline or Venlafaxine XR as defined in the product package insert for each drug (including previous treatment failure at the highest recommended dose).
* Use of any psychological or counselling therapy or antidepressant/CNS drug which cannot be washed out prior to participation and eliminated until after Week 8 or discontinuation.
* Use of any medication which is known to be contraindicated with Escitalopram, Sertraline, or Venlafaxine XR (refer to the product package insert for each drug).
* Known medical condition, disease or neurological disorder which might, in the opinion of investigator/s, interfere with the assessments to be made in the study or put subjects at increased risk when exposed to optimal doses of the drug treatment.
* History of head injury with loss of consciousness for at least 10 minutes.
* Recent/current substance dependence (as defined in Section K of the Mini Plus as per a 6 months period and/or alcoholism) in the past six months.
* Participation in an investigational study within four months of the baseline visit in which subjects have received an experimental drug/device that could affect the primary end points of this study.
* Subjects who, in the opinion of the investigator, have a severe impediment to vision, hearing and/or hand movement, which is likely to interfere with their ability to complete the test batteries.
* Subjects who, in the opinion of the investigator, are unable and/or unlikely to comprehend and follow the study procedures and instructions.

Answer: A