Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Glucomannan Supplementation on Body Weight in Overweight and Obese Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Glucomannan (GNN), a water-soluble dietary fiber derived from the plant Amorphophallus konjac, is marketed for weight reduction. The exact mechanisms by which GNN might exert its actions are unclear. Nonetheless, it has been shown that GNN slows gastric emptying by forming a viscous gel of large volume, which increases the feeling of satiety. Current evidence on the effectiveness of GNN for weight reduction is sparse, and well-designed trials performed in children are needed to assess the efficacy of this modality. We aim to systematically evaluate the efficacy of GNN consumption for the management of overweight and obesity in children.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children aged 6-16 years
* BMI in the overweight/obesity range according to data of Cole et al.
* Asthma diagnosis

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children with a normal weight according to data of Cole et al.
* Children without any provable asthmatic complaints
* Congenital malformations of the airways or other chronic lung diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF)
* Mental retardation or syndromes
* Heart disease
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* age 6-17 years;
* overweight or obesity based on the WHO (World Health Organization) growth charts/references (\>+1 standard deviation \[SD\] or \>+2 SD, respectively)

Exclusion Criteria:

* drug therapy for a chronic disease (including drugs that influence appetite or body weight);
* type 1 or 2 diabetes;
* history of surgical treatment of obesity;
* participation in another program for treating obesity during the project and/or 3 months prior to recruitment;
* secondary causes of obesity;
* pregnancy.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Enrolled in grade 9 or 10
* BMI ≥ 85th percentile for age and gender
* Residing in predominately one household, with access to a working telephone
* Consumption of 12 fluid ounces sugar-sweetened beverages (including 100% fruit juices) per day

Exclusion Criteria:

* Sibling participating in the study
* Intention to change location of residence during the 2 years post-randomization
* Plans to be away from home for 5 weeks or longer during the study period
* Physician diagnosis of a major medical illness or eating disorder
* Chronic use of any medication that may affect body weight or composition
* Current smoking
* Physical, mental, or cognitive handicaps that prevent participation
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age between 15 and 18 years (inclusive)
* Male or female of Chinese ethnicity
* Body mass index \>/= 95th percentile of Hong Kong local age- and sex-specific reference
* No major medical illness
* Not on any chronic medications
* Post-pubertal as ascertained by clinical assessment by endocrinologist
* Willingness to give written informed consent by participants and his/her parents/guardian

Exclusion criteria:

* Concurrent participation in any clinical trial, dietary intervention or weight loss program
* Concomitant intake of weight reducing agent
* Active and uncontrolled endocrine diseases including hypo- or hyperthyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, diabetes mellitus, etc.
* Significant renal impairment, defined as serum creatinine \>150 umol/L and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate \<60ml/min/1.73m2
* Significant liver impairment, defined as \>2 times upper limit of alanine aminotransferase and asparate aminotransferase levels
* Gastrointestinal problems that would prevent them from following the test diets
* Active malignant disease
* Pregnant or lactating
* Any medical illness or condition including known non-compliance, as judged by the investigators as ineligible to participate the study

Answer: B