Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training (HF-ACTION)
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine the long-term safety and effectiveness of exercise training for individuals with congestive heart failure (CHF).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Documented coronary artery disease and/or acute coronary syndrome diagnosis and/or revascularization (coronary bypass graft or angioplasty) and/or valve surgery
* Work or reside in Greater Toronto Area
* Proficiency in English language
* Written approval to participate in CR by the patient's cardiac specialist or general practitioner
* Eligible for home-based CR

Exclusion Criteria:

* musculoskeletal, neuromuscular, visual, cognitive or non-dysphoric psychiatric condition, or any serious or terminal illness not otherwise specified which would preclude CR eligibility based on CR guidelines
* physician deems patient not suitable for CR at time of intake exercise stress test
* planning to leave the area prior to the anticipated end of participation
* being discharged to a long-term care facility
* participation in another clinical trial with behavioral interventions
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Coronary artery bypass

Exclusion Criteria:

* Significant lung disease
* Drug abuse
* Pregnancy
* Major physical impairment
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Being within the age-range of 45 to 85 years old
* having the minimum literacy for reading and writing
* being hospitalized due to MI for the first time
* verification of MI by clinical symptoms
* enzyme-serum tests and cardiograph changes
* lack of participation in the any related educational course simultaneously with the execution of intervention
* patients' willingness toward participating in the research
* having no psychological problems
* ability to fill out the questionnaire and participating in the empowerment program.

Exclusion Criteria:

* any offending items from mentioned criteria.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* LVEF less than or equal to 35%
* New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II, III, or IV CHF diagnosis in the 3 months prior to study entry, with a minimum of 6 weeks of treatment
* Must be on optimal heart failure therapy according to American Heart Association (AHA), American College of Cardiology (ACC), and Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) heart failure guidelines, including treatment with angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and beta-blocker therapy, or have documentation justifying why optimal therapy is not being used, including intolerance, contraindication, participant preference, or physician's judgment
* Must be on stable doses of medications (e.g., beta-blocker, ACEI, and additional medications as listed in the study guidelines) for 6 weeks prior to study entry
* Must be in stable medical condition and able to begin an exercise program, as determined by study physician

Exclusion Criteria:

* Comorbid disease, behavioral limitations, or other limitations that would interfere with exercise training, or would prevent completion of 1 year of exercise training
* Pregnant or planning to become pregnant in the year following study entry
* Major heart event or heart procedure within the 6 weeks prior to study entry
* Heart procedure or hospitalization for any reason planned in the future
* Expecting to receive a heart transplant in the 6 months following study entry
* CHF caused by significant uncorrected primary valvular disease (except mitral regurgitation secondary to left ventricular dysfunction); if valve replacement has been performed, may not participate for 12 months following the procedure
* CHF caused by congenital heart disease or obstructive cardiomyopathy
* Performance of exercise training at regular intervals (more than once per week) at a moderate to vigorous intensity at any time in the 6 weeks prior to study entry
* Exercise testing results that would prevent safe exercise training, as defined by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR) guidelines, including abnormal blood pressure response, early ischemic changes, and unexpected life-threatening arrhythmia
* Use of fixed-rate pacemakers, pacemakers with inability to attain target heart rates, or automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) devices with heart rate limits set below the target heart rate for exercise training
* Use of an intracardiac device such as an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or a cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker in the 6 months prior to study entry (must demonstrate stability for 6 weeks post-procedure)
* Primary physician considers placement of an intracardiac device such as an ICD or a cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker probable within 6 months of study entry; will be excluded until such device has been placed and 6 weeks of stabilization have passed
* Participation in another clinical trial that may interfere with study participation, follow-up, or data collection, or that may affect cardiovascular morbidity or mortality

Answer: D