Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Zinc as an Immunomodulator in the Treatment of Possible Serious Bacterial Infections in Infants 7 Days and up to 4 Months of Age
Brief Summary: Infections are the important cause of high mortality in young infants in developing countries. Zinc is a crucial micronutrient as it influences various immune mechanisms and modulates host resistance to several pathogens. It has shown benefits as an adjunct therapy in infections like diarrhea and pneumonia in older children Given the predisposition of young infants in developing countries to zinc deficiency and infections, addition of zinc to standard treatment of serious bacterial infections may lead to significant improvements in the outcomes.

Several hypotheses will be examined in this clinical trial. The primary objective is to measure, in a double blind randomized controlled trial, the efficacy of giving 2 RDA (Required Daily Allowance 10 mg) of zinc orally in addition to routine antibiotics, for treatment of possible serious bacterial infection in infants \>= 7 days and up to 4 months of age in reducing the proportion of treatment failures and time to discharge from the hospital. This will evaluate the clinical consequences of the possible immunomodulation by zinc supplementation. This is critical to demonstrate because nearly 80% of infant mortality occurs in first months of life.

Young infants with possible serious bacterial infections fulfilling the inclusion criteria will be enrolled in the study and stratified into 4 groups on basis of weight for age 'z' scores \< -2 z and \>=- 2 z and whether he/she has diarrhea or not. Within each stratum the subjects will be randomized to receive zinc or placebo. Treatment failures will be defined by the need for a change of initial antibiotic therapy. The minimum duration of monitoring will be till clinical recovery (using predetermined criteria). Serum copper, serum ferritin and serum transferrin receptors will be determined at enrollment, 72 hours after enrollment and at discharge from the hospital. Concentrations of CRP and procalcitonin will be measured at baseline, 72 hours after enrolment and at clinical recovery.

Documentation of efficacy of addition of zinc to standard therapy may provide a simple and low-cost strategy to improve survival in serious infections in young infants. This is likely to have a significant impact on infant morbidity and mortality. It will be good example of using a simple immunomodulator beneficially in improving child health.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Multivitamins; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Multivitamins | Arm Label: Multivitamins + Zinc; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Zinc, Drug: Multivitamins | Arm Label: Zinc; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Zinc | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Zinc; Assigned to Arm(s): Multivitamins + Zinc, Zinc | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Multivitamins; Assigned to Arm(s): Multivitamins, Multivitamins + Zinc | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
B: Arm Label: 1; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Lyophilized meat | Arm Label: 2; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Cereal | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Lyophilized meat; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Cereal; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
C: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: zinc sulphate dietary supplement; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: iron sulphate-folic acid dietary supplement; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
D: Arm Label: Zinc; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Drug: Zinc (zinc sulphate) | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Drug: Zinc (zinc sulphate); Assigned to Arm(s): Zinc | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo

Answer: D