Please select the outcome measures that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Support From Hospital to Home for Elders: A Randomized Controlled Study
Brief Summary: The investigators will randomize 700 non-psychiatric, non-obstetric, non-surgical patients aged 55 years and older at San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) to usual care (ten days of prescription medication, discharge summary sent to primary care provider (PCP), and outpatient appt made for patient, and patient's nurse reviews discharge plan,) or usual care plus a peridischarge intervention (a visit with specialized in-hospital discharge nurse, development of personalized discharge plan, two phone calls from a nurse practitioner(NP)/physician assistant (PA) after discharge and availability of additional calls back from NP/PA, upon patient request, to help answer questions and assist patient's transition to outpatient care, and communication with primary care/subspecialty providers). The usual care and usual care plus intervention groups will be assessed for differences in mortality and rates of rehospitalization and emergency department use 30, 90 and 180 days following discharge from the hospital.

The discharge process from the hospital to home is frequently marked by poor quality and high risk of adverse events and readmissions. It has been hypothesized that better coordinated care, personalized patient education, and follow-up calls to identify potential sources of adverse events, such as medical complications and medication errors can reduce rehospitalization and emergency room visits following discharge from the hospital. Although these interventions have been shown to reduce combined hospital readmissions and emergency department visits in English-speaking patients, none has focused on elderly patients in a diverse urban public hospital setting that includes non-English-speakers, who might benefit more than other populations from enhanced services during and after discharge from the hospital. Further, these labor-intensive interventions are costly to implement, and it is unknown whether opportunity cost of providing additional services in a limited-resource environment such as San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) outweighs the unknown clinical benefits.


Options:
A: Number of Serious Medication Errors as Determined by Interview and Medical Chart Review (Measured at Day 30)
B: ADEs (Measured 30 and 90 days after hospital discharge); Medication appropriateness (Measured 30 and 90 days after hospital discharge by the Hanlon et al. Medication Appropriateness Index); Complications related to medications, including the number of hospital readmissions, unscheduled visits to emergency departments or urgent care facilities, and physician visits related to a medication problem or ADE (Measured 30 and 90 days after hospital discharge); Cost-effectiveness of the minimal or enhanced treatment compared to usual care (Measured 30 and 90 days after hospital discharge)
C: Combined Emergency Department Visits and Inpatient Readmissions (30 days after discharge from hospital); Combined Emergency Department Visits and Inpatient Readmissions (90 days after discharge from hospital); Combined Emergency Department Visits and Inpatient Readmissions (180 days after discharge from hospital)
D: Total Number of Rehospitalizations (Emergency Department Visits Plus Hospital Admissions) in the 30 Days After Discharge. (30 days after discharge)

Answer: C