Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Nutrition, Allergy, Mucosal Immunology and Intestinal Microbiota (NAMI): Pre-, Peri- and Postnatal Programming and Origins of Disease: Early Targeting the Epidemics of Allergy and Overweight
Brief Summary: Combined programme: Nutrition, Allergy, Mucosal immunology and Intestinal microbiota (NAMI) was created with the objective to reverse the rising trend of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as allergic disease and obesity, by control of the internal and external environments of the infant. To approach this problem, the project aims to characterize

* how immunology is regulated during pregnancy and early infancy,
* how the immune interaction between mother and child is influenced by nutritional and microbial factors, and
* how the regulation is related to disease risk.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* children aged 12-48 months attending educational program (either at nursery or primary school)

Exclusion Criteria:

* concomitant chronic/congenital diseases and disabilities,
* active tuberculosis,
* congenital cardiac defects,
* autoimmune diseases,
* immunodeficiency,
* chronic inflammatory bowel diseases,
* celiac diseases,
* cystic fibrosis,
* metabolic diseases,
* malignancy,
* chronic pulmonary diseases,
* malformation of the GI tract,
* history of allergy,
* severe wasting (less than 3 Standard deviations of weight-for-height z score),
* diarrhea on admission,
* antibiotic,
* pre/pro/symbiotic or immunostimulants use within 2 weeks before study start.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy 1 month infants exclusively formula-fed

Exclusion Criteria:

* gastrointestinal disorders (history of chronic diarrhoea or constipation, gastroesophageal reflux)
* gastrointestinal surgery
* cow's milk protein allergy
* metabolic disorders (diabetes, lactose intolerance)
* immune deficiency
* antibiotic prescription 1-week prior to inclusion and previous use of formula containing prebiotics or probiotics
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Apparently healthy children aged 1-6 years, with emphasize on aged 2-5 years, living permanently in low socio-economic urban areas of East Jakarta for at least 6 months
* Parents are willing to sign the informed consent and give the supplements to the children for the period of 6 months
* Capable and willing to drink liquid milk with a straw (acceptance to be tested at screening by providing a sample drink and placebo straw to be consumed under supervision for 2 days)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Calcium intake exceeding 75% of the RDA for calcium (\<375 mg/d) based on a Food Frequency Questionnaire
* Currently breastfed children
* Siblings of already included children that are living in the same household, except if it is a twin sibling
* Severely malnourished with or without oedema (Weight for height-WHZ Z-score of \<-3.00 SD)
* Symptoms of chronic/congenital diseases and disabilities, suspected Tuberculosis by clinical examination, and /or history of allergic disease.
* Taking (any) antibiotics during 2 weeks prior to start of the study (children will be included after 3 weeks of last antibiotic intake
* Participation in another clinical trial at the same time or 2 months prior to the start of this study
* Both mothers and other caregivers present in the family are illiterate
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women from families with at least one family member having an allergic disease

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women presenting severe immunological or other chronic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid diseases, malignancies etc.)
* Women who cannot be expected to comply with treatment
* Women currently participating or having participated in other clinical trial during the last 2 months prior to the beginning of the intervention.

Answer: D