Please select the outcome measures that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Training Dual-task Balance and Walking in Community-dwelling Older Adults With Chronic Stroke: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Background Functional community ambulation not only requires a critical level of postural control and walking skills, but also the ability to engage in cognitive tasks while walking (i.e., dual-task walking) and adapt to the constantly-changing environmental contexts. There is evidence showed that dual-task balance and gait performance is significantly impaired after stroke. Increasing evidence also suggests that dual-task balance and gait performance is useful for predicting falls among individuals with stroke. Considering the high clinical relevance of dual-task balance and gait performance, it is essential that stroke rehabilitation adequately addresses dual-task deficits. Developing specific dual-task balance and gait training to enhance dual-task performance is thus necessary to promote community ambulation and reintegration.

Study Aim The aim of this Introduction Many individuals after stroke continue to cope with residual physical impairments after discharge from hospital. One of the major problems encountered by people after stroke is community reintegration. Functional community ambulation not only requires a critical level of postural control and walking skills, but also the ability to engage in cognitive tasks while walking (i.e., dual-task walking) and adapt to the constantly-changing environmental contexts. There has been an increasing awareness of the importance of dual-task gait performance in community-dwelling individuals with stroke in the past few years.

There is evidence showed that dual-task balance and gait performance is significantly impaired after stroke. Increasing evidence also suggests that dual-task balance and gait performance is useful for predicting falls among individuals with stroke. Considering the high clinical relevance of dual-task balance and gait performance, it is essential that stroke rehabilitation adequately addresses dual-task deficits. Developing specific dual-task balance and gait training to enhance dual-task performance is thus necessary to promote community ambulation and reintegration.

Study Aim This will be a single-blinded randomized controlled trial (RCT).The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of a dual-task exercise program on cognitive-motor interference in balance and walking tasks, balance self-efficacy, participation in everyday activities, community reintegration and incidence of falls among individuals with chronic stroke.


Options:
A: Timed-up-and-go test with and without dual-task (week 0); Timed-up-and-go test with and without dual-task (week 8); Timed-up-and-go test with and without dual-task (week 16)
B: Change in Rivermead Mobility index (Baseline, 6 months, 9 months); Change in Timed Up and Go Test (Baseline, 6 months, 9 months); Change in Modified Patient Specific Functional Scale (Baseline, 6 months, 9 months); Change in Physical Activity Diary (Baseline, 6 months, 9 months); Change in Physical activity - 7-day accelerometry (Baseline, 6 months, 9 months)
C: Fugl-Meyer Assessment (upper extremity subscale) (0-, 4- week)
D: Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity (FM-UE) (from baseline to day 3 post-training)

Answer: A