Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomised Controled Multicenter Trial Regarding the Appropriate Length of Postoperative Catheterization After Anterior Colporrhaphy for Repair of Cystocele
Brief Summary: Randomised controled multicenter trial about the appropriate length of postoperative catheterization after anterior colporrhaphy. Patients are included at the moment that they are planned for surgery and are allocated to one of the study arms after the operation in the recovery by a digital randomisation-procedure. 230 patients will be enrolled in the study and half of the patients will have a catheter during five days postoperatively and the other half will be catheterized only during two days. Main outcome measurements regards replacement of a catheter because of bladder retention and the occurence of cystitis.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Able to freely give written informed consent to participate in the study and have signed the Informed Consent Form;
2. Males or females, \>18 years of age inclusive at the time of study screening;
3. American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Class I-III;
4. Infraperitoneal colorectal surgery (open and/or laparoscopic);
5. Elective Surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Mentally incompetent or unable or unwilling to provide informed consent or comply with study procedures;
2. Children \<18;
3. No perioperative antibiotics;
4. Past or current urinary tract malignancy;
5. Urinary catheter inserted before surgery;
6. Chronic kidney insufficiency with Creatinine\> 2
7. Diagnosis of benign prostatic hyperplasia
8. Chronic urinary infections
9. Neurogenic bladder
10. History of enterovesical fistula
11. Pregnancy
12. Prior surgery of the lower urinary tract
13. Epidural
14. Perioperative ureteral stents

After randomization:

1. Catheter pulled out inadvertently;
2. Postoperative complications requiring prolonged monitoring of urine output
3. Postoperative complications requiring early reoperation
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Competent to consent to participate in trial
2. Patients with rectal cancer who underwent total or tumor-specific-mesorectal excision with colorectal or colonanal anastomosis
3. Elective surgery
4. ASA classification of 1\~3
5. If male, international prostate symptom score \<20.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Combined pelvic surgery(pelvic lymph node dissection, hysterectomy, salpingo-oophorectomy, posterior vaginectomy, cystectomy, ureteral double-J stenting, ureterectomy, ureteroureterostomy, prostatectomy)
2. Postoperative complications with a Dindo grade III or more
3. Known urinary disease(end-stage renal disease, benign prostatic hyperplasia, neurogenic bladder, malignancy)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* all patients planned for a cystocele repair

Exclusion Criteria:

* patients who already have voiding problems before the operation not related to the cystocele
* patients that are not capable of understanding our patient information form because of mental status or language
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* All women, over the age of 18, presenting to The Christ Hospital for gynecologic surgery anticipated to require an at least 1 night stay and in whom would be expected to have an indwelling catheter overnight are eligible to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a current urinary tract infection being treated with antibiotic(s), anticipated concomitant prolapse or incontinence surgery, a preoperative diagnosis of gynecologic malignancy, a history of chronic indwelling catheter use, a history of renal transplant or current dialysis use, or intraoperative lower urinary tract injury necessitating prolonged postoperative catheter use are to excluded from study participation.

Answer: C