Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: GoalTracker: Comparing Self-Monitoring Strategies for Weight Loss: Does Developing Mastery Before Tracking Diet Enhance Engagement?
Brief Summary: This study is a randomized controlled trial that compares 3 self-monitoring approaches for weight loss. GoalTracker is a standalone, technology-based intervention using a commercial smartphone app (MyFitnessPal) and email.

The investigators hypothesize that the group that delays diet tracking and receives additional intervention components (weekly personalized feedback, skills training, and action plans) will have greater weight loss at the end of the 12-week intervention and at 6-month followup, compared to (a) an intervention group that simultaneously tracks weight and diet for all 12 weeks and receives the same additional components, and (b) a control group that tracks only diet.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* obesity, BMI \> P. 97 (Jenni et al., 2011) or overweight, BMI \>P.90, plus risk factors or co-morbidity
* ability and parent's permission to use pre-configured study smartphones handed out to the children
* readiness to use the personal smartphone number and to spend the sum allocated exclusively for the study SMS during the 6 months of intervention

Exclusion Criteria:

* major somatic or psychiatric disease without adequate treatment,
* weight-relevant medication (antiepileptic drugs, methylphenhydate and similar medication),
* inability or lack of parent's or caregivers' permission to use a study smartphone with a mobile phone contract,
* lack of informed consent from children and parents and
* undue consumption of the amount allocated for study SMS for non-study purposes,
* overuse of smartphone e.g. without night beak for at least 8 hours.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Currently own and regularly use a smartphone
2. Age ≥18 years;
3. BMI \> 27 and \< 43; and
4. Successful completion of a 5-day electronic diary of food intake during a run-in period.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Presence of an unstable condition requiring physician-supervised diet and exercise (e.g., recent myocardial infarction);
2. Physical limitations precluding ability to engage in moderate-intensity physical activity;
3. Pregnancy or intention to become pregnant during study;
4. Current treatment for a serious mental illness (e.g. schizophrenia);
5. Reported alcohol intake \> 4 drinks/day;
6. Participation in a formal weight loss program, loss of ≥ 5% weight in past 6 month, or current use of weight loss medication;
7. History of bariatric surgery in \<5 years,
8. Planned extended vacations, absences, or relocation during study;
9. A score \>16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D);
10. Score \>32 on the Eating Habits Checklist, an eating disorder scale administered at baseline. For those who have an elevated BDI score (\>22) or EHC (\>32), we offer referral for counseling.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age between 18 and 70
* BMI between 27 and 40 kg/m2
* Access to a computer and WIFI in the home

Exclusion Criteria:

* Weight over 340 lbs
* Physical limitations that prevent walking 1/4 mile without stopping
* Currently participating in another weight loss program or taking weight loss medication
* Currently pregnant, lactating, less than 6-months post-partum, or plans to become pregnant during the 6-month study period
* Uncontrolled hypertension or diabetes
* History of coronary heart disease
* Terminal Illness
* Plans to relocate during the 6-month study period
* Substance Abuse
* Severe psychiatric disorders
* Dementia
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* ages 21-65 years old
* Body Mass Index (BMI) 25-45 kg/m2
* interested in losing weight through dietary change
* current use of iPhone or Android smartphone
* current use of email address
* has daily access to a bathroom scale
* no recent weight loss (≥10 lbs) in the past 6 months
* able to read and write in English
* able to attend 3 in-person evaluation visits at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina over a 3-month period

Exclusion Criteria:

* current participation in another weight loss treatment
* currently pregnant or planning to become pregnant within study period, or \< 1 year post-partum
* history of cardiovascular event, eating disorder, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, cancer, end stage renal disease
* current uncontrolled hypertension
* use of the MyFitnessPal app to track food in the past 6 months
* Former or planned bariatric surgery
* current use of medication (e.g., lithium, steroids, anti-psychotics)
* use of weight loss medication in past 6 months
* profound cognitive, developmental, or psychiatric disorders or recent hospitalization in a psychiatric facility

Answer: D