Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A 52-Week, Multi-center, Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Phase IIb Trial to Determine the Effects of Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402) on eGFR in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Chronic Kidney Disease With an eGFR of 20 - 45 mL/Min/1.73m2
Brief Summary: This study assesses the effects of bardoxolone methyl (RTA 402) in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 15 obese men (BMI\>30), aged 18 to 55, with glomerular hyperfiltration (creatinine clearance\>130 ml/min)) and 10 normal body weight men (BMI\<25), aged 18 to 55.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Heart failure, CKD, COPD
* Known allergy to furosemide, acetazolamide, inulin or amino-hippurate
* Pharmacologic treatment for hypertension, cardiac disease, diabetes mellitus
* Treatment with corticosteroids, antiepileptics or NSAID
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy
* body mass index more than 23 Kg/m2
* 24 hours urine protein more than 1 g
* estimated GFR more than 20 ml/min

Exclusion Criteria:

* pregnancy and lactation
* rapidly renal function decline
* crescent formation in renal biopsy more than 10%
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* BMI\>27
* age\>40
* History of CHD or diabetes in any age or BMI level

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant or lactating women.
* Active drug or alcohol use or dependence that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would interfere with adherence to study requirements.
* Serum creatinine \> 3 mg/dl.
* Liver dysfunction ( ³ 2 fold level of ALT and AST enzymes).
* Participation in another trial in which active intervention is being received.
* Any intestinal problem that would prevent the patient from eating one of the test diets (for example, gastric stapling that might prevent consumption of vegetables).
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male or female patient, at least 18 years of age with known type 2 diabetes, diagnosis of type 2 diabetes should have been made at \> 30 years of age (if diabetes developed at a younger age, C-peptide level may be obtained to confirm diagnosis)
2. The average of two eGFR values collected during screening must be within 20 - 45 mL/min/1.73m2, inclusive
3. Patient must be receiving an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor and/or an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) for at least 3 months prior to screening, where the dose of the ACE inhibitor or the ARB is considered appropriate for that patient, and has been stable and maintained on that dose for at least 8 weeks prior to the Randomization visit
4. For male and female subjects, agreement to use effective contraception during the entire study period and for at least 2 months after the last dose of study drug, unless documentation of infertility exists
5. Women of child-bearing potential, she must have a negative serum pregnancy test at screening and a negative urine pregnancy test confirmed within 72 hours prior to the first dose of study medication
6. Patient is willing and able to cooperate with all aspects of the protocol
7. Patient is willing and able to give written informed consent for study participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Type 1 (insulin-dependent; juvenile onset) diabetes, or any history of diabetic ketoacidosis
2. Patients with known non-diabetic renal disease or patients with a history of a renal transplant
3. Patients with a Hemoglobin A1c \>10% collected at the Screening A visit
4. Cardiovascular disease as follows: Unstable angina pectoris within 3 months prior to study randomization; Myocardial infarction, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, or percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty/stent within 3 months prior to study randomization; Transient ischemic attack within 3 months of study randomization; Cerebrovascular accident within 3 months of study randomization; Obstructive valvular heart disease or hypertrophic cardiomyopathy; Diagnosis of Class III or IV congestive heart failure at any time
5. Systolic blood pressure (BP) \>160 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure \> 90 determined by the average of three seated readings taken at least 5 minutes apart, at each of two time-points at least 5 days apart during the screening period
6. QTc Fredericia interval \> 450 milliseconds determined by the average of values reported by a central reader from three ECGs taken at the Screening A visit. Each of the three ECGs will be obtained using only equipment provided by the Sponsor, and the ECGs shall be obtained at least ten minutes apart.
7. Second or third degree atrioventricular block not successfully treated with a pacemaker
8. Need for chronic (\>2 weeks) immunosuppressive therapy, or need for corticosteroids (excluding intraarticular injections,inhaled or nasal steroids) within 3 months of study randomization
9. Evidence of hepatic or biliary dysfunction including total bilirubin \>1.0 mg/dL (\>17 micromol/L), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) or alanine aminotransferase (ALT) \> upper limit of normal (ULN), or alkaline phosphatase \>2.0 ULN on ANY screening lab
10. If female, patient is pregnant, nursing or planning a pregnancy
11. Patient has any concurrent clinical conditions that in the judgment of the investigator could either potentially pose a health risk to the patient while involved in the study or could potentially influence the study outcome
12. Patient has known hypersensitivity to any component of the study drug
13. Patient has undergone a diagnostic or interventional procedure requiring a contrast agent within 30 days prior to randomization
14. Change or dose adjustment in any of the following medications within 8 weeks prior to randomization into the study or anticipated change in dose within 30 days following randomization into the study: ACE inhibitors, angiotensin II receptor blockers.
15. Change or dose adjustment of any other anti-hypertensive, and other anti-diabetic medications within 8 weeks prior to randomization or anticipated change in dose within 30 days following randomization into the study
16. Patient has a current history of drug or alcohol abuse as per the investigator's assessment
17. Patient has participated in another investigational study within 30 days prior to randomization into the study or would concomitantly participate in such a study, or has previously participated in a trial involving bardoxolone methyl.
18. Patient is unable to communicate or cooperate with the investigator due to language problems, poor mental development or impaired cerebral function
19. Patient is unable or unwilling to utilize the daily phone diary to track the date and time they take their study medication
20. Patients on any of the following known hepatotoxic agents: Antioxidant N-acetly-cysteine (Mucomyst, Acetadote, Fluimucil, Parvolex), Niacin (nicotinic acid), Dantrium (dantrolene), Naizide (isoniazid), Normodyne (labetalol), Cylert (pemoline), Felbatol (felbamate), Zyflo (zileuton), Tasmar (tolcapone), or Trovan (trovafloxacin). Patients must have been off the aforementioned medications for a minimum of two weeks prior to randomization
21. Patients who are unable or unwilling to discontinue fenofibrate (Antara, Fenoglide, Lipofen, Lofibra, TriCor, Triglide) during the first three months of study treatment. Patients must have been off fenofibrate for a minimum of two weeks prior to randomization
22. Patients who require more than occasional (once or twice weekly) use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDS)
23. Patients with a history of neoplastic disease (except basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin) within 5 years prior to the randomization visit;
24. Patients who have had prior dialysis within three months of randomization and/or have not maintained a stable level of kidney function within three months of randomization per Investigator assessment

Answer: D