Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Postoperative Urinary Retention and UTI After LAVH for Benign Disease
Brief Summary: With the advent of minimally invasive surgery, laparoscopic assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH) is currently advocated as an alternative to abdominal hysterectomy. Reported benefits of LAVH in short-term study, when compared with the abdominal hysterectomy, include shorter hospital stays and convalescence, less postoperative pain, lower morbidity. To our best knowledge, no study has been conducted to examine bladder catheterization is associated with PUR and UTI after LAVH. No study has been performed to evaluate the long-term sequelae of PUR after LAVH.

In this study, 150 patients undergoing LAVH are randomly assigned to have an indwelling Foley catheter for 0 (n = 50), at 7AM-8AM in the morning of postoperative day 1 (n = 50), at 7AM-8AM in the morning of postoperative day 2 (n = 50) after the procedure by selecting a sealed envelope, which is opened before the operation. The inclusion criteria are uterine fibroids, endometriosis, abnormal bleeding, uterine prolapse and intra-epithelial neoplasia of the cervix grade 3. Patients are excluded if they experienced pelvic reconstructive surgery for pelvic organ prolapse or stress urinary incontinence; if they have bacteriuria and clinical urinary tract symptoms, e.g. dysuria, frequency, urgency and stress incontinence before surgery. After surgery, all patients stay at least 2 days in the hospital. The incidences of febrile morbidity and other postoperative complications are recorded. The outcome is assessed as immediate postoperative urinary tract symptoms, urinary tract bacteriuria (defined as a positive culture \> 105 organisms/µl), postoperative fever \> 38°C and urinary retention or the inability to pass urine 6 hours after catheter remove. All patients are followed up at 3 months and one year after surgery. To demonstrate quality of life of women after undergo LAVH, a generic instrument of MOS Short Form 36 (SF-36) and two specific instruments for urinary problems, Incontinence Impact Questionnaire (IIQ7) and Urinary Distress Inventory (UDI) are asked to answer in all patients before surgery and postoperative follow-up. All data are analyzed by the two-tailed Fisher exact test when appropriate. Correlation coefficients are calculated to determine the associations of preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative factors with the incidence of postoperative urinary retention and positive urine cultures. A value of p \< 0.05 is considered statistically significant.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients receiving Piver III radical hysterectomy
* catheterization over 7 days

Exclusion Criteria:

* catheterization shorter than 7 days
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* All women, over the age of 18, presenting to The Christ Hospital for gynecologic surgery anticipated to require an at least 1 night stay and in whom would be expected to have an indwelling catheter overnight are eligible to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a current urinary tract infection being treated with antibiotic(s), anticipated concomitant prolapse or incontinence surgery, a preoperative diagnosis of gynecologic malignancy, a history of chronic indwelling catheter use, a history of renal transplant or current dialysis use, or intraoperative lower urinary tract injury necessitating prolonged postoperative catheter use are to excluded from study participation.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* age below 40 y.o.,
* surgery under spinal anesthesia,
* no previous history of urological problems.

Exclusion Criteria:

* opioid administration during surgery,
* need for urinary bladder catheterization during surgery,
* conversion to general anesthesia.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Uterine fibroids
* Endometriosis
* Abnormal bleeding
* Uterine prolapse and intra-epithelial neoplasia of the cervix grade 3

Exclusion Criteria:

* If they experienced pelvic reconstructive surgery for pelvic organ prolapse or stress urinary incontinence
* If they have bacteriuria and clinical urinary tract symptoms, e.g. dysuria, frequency, urgency and stress incontinence before surgery

Answer: D