TrialPanorama/Dataset huggingface dataset:
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Double-blind, Placebo-controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of Prucalopride (R108512) Tablets in Subjects With Chronic Constipation.
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether prucalopride is safe and effective in the treatment of chronic constipation.

Hypothesis:

Prucalopride 2 mg and 4 mg given once daily for 12 weeks is superior to placebo for the treatment of patients with chronic constipation and is well tolerated in those patients.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Blinded injection of NASHA/Dx gel at randomization.; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: NASHA/Dx (Solesta) Gel | Arm Label: Blinded sham inject. at randomization; Type: SHAM_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: Sham Injection | Arm Label: Blinded Sham Inject. at Randomization + NASHA/Dx Gel at 6 mo.; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Device: NASHA/Dx (Solesta) Gel, Device: Sham Injection | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: NASHA/Dx (Solesta) Gel; Assigned to Arm(s): Blinded Sham Inject. at Randomization + NASHA/Dx Gel at 6 mo., Blinded injection of NASHA/Dx gel at randomization. | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Sham Injection; Assigned to Arm(s): Blinded Sham Inject. at Randomization + NASHA/Dx Gel at 6 mo., Blinded sham inject. at randomization
B: Arm Label: InterStim therapy; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: Type: Implantable neurostimulator; InterStim | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Type: Implantable neurostimulator; InterStim; Assigned to Arm(s): InterStim therapy
C: Arm Label: 1; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Prucalopride | Arm Label: 3; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Placebo | Arm Label: 2; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Prucalopride | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Prucalopride; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): 3 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Prucalopride; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
D: Arm Label: Sensory threshold - Amplitude; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: Sensory Threshold | Arm Label: 25% below sensory threshold - Amplitude; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: 75% of sensory threshold - Amplitude | Arm Label: 50% below sensory threshold - Amplitude; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: 50% of sensory threshold - Amplitude | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Sensory Threshold; Assigned to Arm(s): Sensory threshold - Amplitude | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: 75% of sensory threshold - Amplitude; Assigned to Arm(s): 25% below sensory threshold - Amplitude | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: 50% of sensory threshold - Amplitude; Assigned to Arm(s): 50% below sensory threshold - Amplitude

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Long Term Effect of Inhaled Hypertonic Saline (6%) in Patients With Non-cystic Fibrosis Bronchiectasis.
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether the daily inhalation of nebulised hypertonic saline (6%) will decrease the incidence of pulmonary exacerbations and increase the quality of life for people with non cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis.


Options:
A: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Mannitol | Arm Label: 2; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Drug: placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Mannitol; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
B: Arm Label: 1; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Hypertonic saline 6% - | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Hypertonic saline 6% -; Assigned to Arm(s): 1
C: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: mannitol | Arm Label: 2; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Dornase alpha | Arm Label: 3; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Drug: mannitol + pulmozyme | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: mannitol; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: mannitol + pulmozyme; Assigned to Arm(s): 3 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Dornase alpha; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
D: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: hypertonic saline; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Cannabis and Psychosis. Randomized Clinical Trial: Specialized Addiction Treatment Versus Treatment as Usual for Young Patients With Cannabis Abuse and Psychosis
Brief Summary: The purpose of the trial is to investigate the effect of specialized treatment of cannabis abuse among young people with psychosis. The specialized treatment consists of manualized individual treatment and group therapy. It will be compared with the standard treatment, which consists of non-specialized, non-manualized treatment. 140 patients will be randomised to one of the two treatments, and the investigator(s) will be blinded to the treatment received.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Standard Care; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Standard Care | Arm Label: Contingency management for abstinence from drugs; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: contingency management | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: contingency management; Assigned to Arm(s): Contingency management for abstinence from drugs | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Standard Care; Assigned to Arm(s): Standard Care
B: Arm Label: CET/PT; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: CET/PT | Arm Label: Treatment as Usual; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Treatment as Usual | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: CET/PT; Assigned to Arm(s): CET/PT | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Treatment as Usual; Assigned to Arm(s): Treatment as Usual
C: Arm Label: CapOpus; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Cognitive behavioral therapy with motivational interviewing, Behavioral: Non-manualized standard treatment | Arm Label: Treatment as usual; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Non-manualized standard treatment | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Cognitive behavioral therapy with motivational interviewing; Assigned to Arm(s): CapOpus | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Non-manualized standard treatment; Assigned to Arm(s): CapOpus, Treatment as usual
D: Arm Label: Experimental group; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Cognitive-behavioral therapy program to first-episode psychosis patients and cannabis abuse | Arm Label: Control group; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Psychoeducation | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Cognitive-behavioral therapy program to first-episode psychosis patients and cannabis abuse; Assigned to Arm(s): Experimental group | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Psychoeducation; Assigned to Arm(s): Control group

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Cannabis and Psychosis. Randomized Clinical Trial: Specialized Addiction Treatment Versus Treatment as Usual for Young Patients With Cannabis Abuse and Psychosis
Brief Summary: The purpose of the trial is to investigate the effect of specialized treatment of cannabis abuse among young people with psychosis. The specialized treatment consists of manualized individual treatment and group therapy. It will be compared with the standard treatment, which consists of non-specialized, non-manualized treatment. 140 patients will be randomised to one of the two treatments, and the investigator(s) will be blinded to the treatment received.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Treatment as Usual; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Treatment as Usual | Arm Label: Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Behavior Therapy | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Behavior Therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Treatment as Usual; Assigned to Arm(s): Treatment as Usual
B: Arm Label: CapOpus; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Cognitive behavioral therapy with motivational interviewing, Behavioral: Non-manualized standard treatment | Arm Label: Treatment as usual; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Non-manualized standard treatment | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Cognitive behavioral therapy with motivational interviewing; Assigned to Arm(s): CapOpus | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Non-manualized standard treatment; Assigned to Arm(s): CapOpus, Treatment as usual
C: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Brief intervention using motivational interviewing | Arm Label: 2; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Brief intervention using motivational interviewing; Assigned to Arm(s): 1
D: Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Motivational Interview with care plan and education; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing a Medication, i.e., Sustained-Release Bupropion (Zyban®) With an Ultrashort (1 1/2 d) Manual-Based Psychotherapeutic Intervention, Psychodynamic Model Training®
Brief Summary: Background

Smokers often reject drugs as smoking cessation aids. Nonpharmacological interventions are notoriously under-evaluated.

Methods

We conducted a randomized clinical trial in which we compared a medication, i.e., sustained-release bupropion (Zyban®; 413 subjects), at the time of the trial the most efficacious pharmacological smoking cessation aid, with an ultrashort psychotherapeutic intervention, Psychodynamic Model Training® (366 subjects), a manual-based psychodynamically oriented 1 ½ day autosuggestion training. Outcome criterion was 12-month self-reported continuous abstinence confirmed by urine cotinine levels below the level of detection (13 ng/ml) or, in an independent analysis, by exhaled carbon monoxide of 10 ppm or less at all interviews conducted at 3, 6, and 12 months.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Varenicline; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline | Arm Label: Sugar Pil; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Varenicline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Sugar Pil
B: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: sustained-release bupropion (Zyban(R)); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Psychodynamic Model Training (R) = PDM(R); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
C: Arm Label: Brief Treatment; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Bupropion and NRT | Arm Label: Extended Bupropion/Low Contact; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Bupropion and NRT | Arm Label: Extended Placebo/Low Contact; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Bupropion and NRT | Arm Label: Extended Bupropion/High Contact; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Bupropion and NRT | Arm Label: Extended Placebo/High Contact; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Bupropion and NRT | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Bupropion and NRT; Assigned to Arm(s): Brief Treatment, Extended Bupropion/High Contact, Extended Bupropion/Low Contact, Extended Placebo/High Contact, Extended Placebo/Low Contact
D: Arm Label: Smoking counseling, Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Smoking counseling, Drug: placebo | Arm Label: Smoking counseling, Varenicline; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Smoking counseling, Drug: varenicline | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Smoking counseling; Assigned to Arm(s): Smoking counseling, Placebo, Smoking counseling, Varenicline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Smoking counseling, Varenicline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Smoking counseling, Placebo

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing a Medication, i.e., Sustained-Release Bupropion (Zyban®) With an Ultrashort (1 1/2 d) Manual-Based Psychotherapeutic Intervention, Psychodynamic Model Training®
Brief Summary: Background

Smokers often reject drugs as smoking cessation aids. Nonpharmacological interventions are notoriously under-evaluated.

Methods

We conducted a randomized clinical trial in which we compared a medication, i.e., sustained-release bupropion (Zyban®; 413 subjects), at the time of the trial the most efficacious pharmacological smoking cessation aid, with an ultrashort psychotherapeutic intervention, Psychodynamic Model Training® (366 subjects), a manual-based psychodynamically oriented 1 ½ day autosuggestion training. Outcome criterion was 12-month self-reported continuous abstinence confirmed by urine cotinine levels below the level of detection (13 ng/ml) or, in an independent analysis, by exhaled carbon monoxide of 10 ppm or less at all interviews conducted at 3, 6, and 12 months.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Smoking counseling, Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Smoking counseling, Drug: placebo | Arm Label: Smoking counseling, Varenicline; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Smoking counseling, Drug: varenicline | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Smoking counseling; Assigned to Arm(s): Smoking counseling, Placebo, Smoking counseling, Varenicline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Smoking counseling, Varenicline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Smoking counseling, Placebo
B: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: sustained-release bupropion (Zyban(R)); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Psychodynamic Model Training (R) = PDM(R); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
C: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: bupropion SR (sustained-release); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
D: Arm Label: Extended treatment; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: varenicline, Behavioral: Individual smoking cessation counseling | Arm Label: Standard treatment; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: varenicline, Behavioral: Individual smoking cessation counseling | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Extended treatment, Standard treatment | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Extended treatment, Standard treatment | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Individual smoking cessation counseling; Assigned to Arm(s): Extended treatment, Standard treatment

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing a Medication, i.e., Sustained-Release Bupropion (Zyban®) With an Ultrashort (1 1/2 d) Manual-Based Psychotherapeutic Intervention, Psychodynamic Model Training®
Brief Summary: Background

Smokers often reject drugs as smoking cessation aids. Nonpharmacological interventions are notoriously under-evaluated.

Methods

We conducted a randomized clinical trial in which we compared a medication, i.e., sustained-release bupropion (Zyban®; 413 subjects), at the time of the trial the most efficacious pharmacological smoking cessation aid, with an ultrashort psychotherapeutic intervention, Psychodynamic Model Training® (366 subjects), a manual-based psychodynamically oriented 1 ½ day autosuggestion training. Outcome criterion was 12-month self-reported continuous abstinence confirmed by urine cotinine levels below the level of detection (13 ng/ml) or, in an independent analysis, by exhaled carbon monoxide of 10 ppm or less at all interviews conducted at 3, 6, and 12 months.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Active bupropion-Active gum; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: bupropion + nicotine gum | Arm Label: Active bupropion-Placebo gum; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Active bupropion-Placebo gum | Arm Label: Placebo medication-Placebo gum; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo bupropion-Placebo gum | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: bupropion + nicotine gum; Assigned to Arm(s): Active bupropion-Active gum | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Active bupropion-Placebo gum; Assigned to Arm(s): Active bupropion-Placebo gum | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo bupropion-Placebo gum; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo medication-Placebo gum
B: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: sustained-release bupropion (Zyban(R)); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Psychodynamic Model Training (R) = PDM(R); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
C: Arm Label: Chantix (varenicline); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Chantix | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Chantix; Assigned to Arm(s): Chantix (varenicline) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
D: Arm Label: varenicline; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: varenicline | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): varenicline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing a Medication, i.e., Sustained-Release Bupropion (Zyban®) With an Ultrashort (1 1/2 d) Manual-Based Psychotherapeutic Intervention, Psychodynamic Model Training®
Brief Summary: Background

Smokers often reject drugs as smoking cessation aids. Nonpharmacological interventions are notoriously under-evaluated.

Methods

We conducted a randomized clinical trial in which we compared a medication, i.e., sustained-release bupropion (Zyban®; 413 subjects), at the time of the trial the most efficacious pharmacological smoking cessation aid, with an ultrashort psychotherapeutic intervention, Psychodynamic Model Training® (366 subjects), a manual-based psychodynamically oriented 1 ½ day autosuggestion training. Outcome criterion was 12-month self-reported continuous abstinence confirmed by urine cotinine levels below the level of detection (13 ng/ml) or, in an independent analysis, by exhaled carbon monoxide of 10 ppm or less at all interviews conducted at 3, 6, and 12 months.


Options:
A: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: sustained-release bupropion (Zyban(R)); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Psychodynamic Model Training (R) = PDM(R); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
B: Arm Label: varenicline; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline | Arm Label: Nicotine Patches only; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Nicotine patches | Arm Label: Nicotine Patches with Nicotine Inhaler; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Nicotine patches, Drug: Nicotine Inhaler | Arm Label: varenicline with bupropion; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline, Drug: Bupropion | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): varenicline, varenicline with bupropion | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Bupropion; Assigned to Arm(s): varenicline with bupropion | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Nicotine patches; Assigned to Arm(s): Nicotine Patches only, Nicotine Patches with Nicotine Inhaler | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Nicotine Inhaler; Assigned to Arm(s): Nicotine Patches with Nicotine Inhaler
C: Arm Label: varenicline and buproprion SR; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline, Drug: bupropion SR | Arm Label: varenicline and placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline, Drug: placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): varenicline and buproprion SR, varenicline and placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): varenicline and placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: bupropion SR; Assigned to Arm(s): varenicline and buproprion SR
D: Arm Label: Varenicline; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Varenicline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo

Answer: A
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) - The Female Metabolic Syndrome Genes And Processes In The Aetiology And Pathogenesis Of PCOS And Identification Of New Treatment Strategies
Brief Summary: Hypothesis:

The overall hypothesis is that women with PCOS, both obese and non-obese, have larger adipocytes, altered metabolism and signs of inflammation in adipose tissue and that these changes are associated with high sympathetic nerve activity, hyperandrogenism hyperinsulinaemia, insulin resistance with progression to type II diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) as well as psychological distress and reduced quality of life. Physical exercise and electro-acupuncture decrease high concentrations of androgens, induce regulare menstrual pattern, inhibits high sympathetic activity and restore the PCOS induced disturbances.


Options:
A: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: simvastatin; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
B: Arm Label: Low-frequency electro-acupuncture; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Electroacupuncture | Arm Label: Physical exercise; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Physical exercise | Arm Label: Untreated control; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Untreated control | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Electroacupuncture; Assigned to Arm(s): Low-frequency electro-acupuncture | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Physical exercise; Assigned to Arm(s): Physical exercise | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Untreated control; Assigned to Arm(s): Untreated control
C: Arm Label: Metformin; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Metformin | Arm Label: Metformin plus spironolactone; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Metformin plus Spironolactone | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Metformin; Assigned to Arm(s): Metformin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Metformin plus Spironolactone; Assigned to Arm(s): Metformin plus spironolactone
D: Arm Label: Metformin; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Metformin, Behavioral: Lifestyle Intervention | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo, Behavioral: Lifestyle Intervention | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Metformin; Assigned to Arm(s): Metformin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Lifestyle Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Metformin, Placebo

Answer: B