Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Manipulation, Exercise, and Self-Care for Low Back Pain
Brief Summary: The broad, long term objective of this interdisciplinary research is to identify effective therapies for low back pain sufferers and to increase our understanding of this important condition. The primary aim is to examine the relative efficacy of chiropractic spinal manipulation, rehabilitative exercise, and self-care education in terms of patient-rated outcomes in the short and long term for non-acute low back pain.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Self-report having had lower back pain on most days for greater than three months.
2. Can complete a 10 second semi-tandem stand and walk 8' in 6.0 seconds.
3. Report they are not satisfied with their current state of functional ability, based on reporting "dissatisfied" with at least one aspect of physical function on the Satisfaction with Physical Function Scale.
4. Can safely participate in the intervention based upon the physical therapist baseline examination and clinical expertise.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. unilateral or bilateral sciatica that physical therapist determines could make the study intervention unsafe or inappropriate; isolated coccyx pain (based on self-report at screener);
2. dementia or other significant cognitive impairment;
3. movement or motor neuron disorders (e.g., Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis);
4. rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, or other systemic rheumatic disease;
5. hospitalization for a stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or coronary artery revascularization in the past 3 months;
6. significant hearing impairment (must be able to talk on the telephone);
7. psychosis or current, uncontrolled substance abuse disorder;
8. any other health conditions determined by the study team to be contraindications to performing mild to moderate home exercises.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* all patients with non-specific LBP for more that 8 weeks duration
* mechanical provocation of pain with postures, movement and activities
* localised pain in the area from T12 to gluteal folds
* moderate ongoing LBP with a VAS \> 2/10
* disability had to be higher than 14% on Oswestry Disability Index

Exclusion Criteria:

* sick listed for more than 4 months continuous duration
* acute exacerbation of LBP
* radicular pain with positive neural tissue provocation test
* any low limb surgery on the last 3 months
* surgery involving the lumbar spine (fusion)
* pregnancy
* psychiatric disorders - somatisation
* dominant psycho-social problems
* widespread non-specific pain disorder (no primary LBP focus)
* specific diagnoses: active rheumatologic disease, progressive neurological disease, serious cardiac or other internal medical condition, malignant basic diseases, acute traumas, infections, or acute vascular catastrophies
C: Inclusion Criteria: patients are 18-65 years of age; Québec task force classification 1,2,3 and 4 (this includes patients with back pain, stiffness or tenderness, with or without musculoskeletal signs and neurological signs); primary complaint of back pain, with current episode greater than or equal to six weeks duration(this includes subacute and chronic patients for whom the study treatments are an option)

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Exclusion Criteria:

* previous lumbar spine surgery; back pain referred from local joint lesions of the lower extremities or from visceral diseases; progressive neurological deficits due to nerve root or spinal cord compression; aortic and peripheral vascular disease; existing cardiac disease requiring medical treatment; blood clotting disorders; diffuse idiopathic hyperostosis; infectious and noninfectious inflammatory or destructive tissue changes of the lumbar spine; presence of significant infectious disease, or other severe debilitating health problems; substance abuse; ongoing treatment for back pain by other health care providers; pregnant or nursing women; pain score of less than 30 percentage points; pending our current litigation
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18-64 years old
* Current non-specific low back pain persisting \>12 weeks. Mean low back pain intensity for the previous week 4 or greater on a 0 to 10 numerical rating scale (0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain).
* English fluency sufficient to follow treatment instructions and answer survey questions
* Willingness to list comprehensive contact information for at least one (preferably two) friend, family member, or work colleague who will always know how to contact the participant.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Use of yoga in the previous 6 months
* New CLBP treatments started within the previous month or anticipated to begin in the next 12 months
* Pregnancy
* Back surgery in the previous three years
* Specific CLBP pathologies
* Severe or progressive neurological deficits
* Sciatica pain equal to or greater than back pain
* Active substance or alcohol abuse
* Active or planned worker's compensation, disability, or personal injury claims

Answer: C