Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Use of SMS and Interactive Reminders to Improve Timely Immunization Coverage: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Pakistan has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the world. One child in eleven dies before their fifth birthday. In part, this is due to the low coverage rate of routine childhood immunizations. Since Pakistan is a Low Middle Income Country (LMIC) it is essential that an immunization intervention be developed that is suitable for its socioeconomic setting. The tele-density of Pakistan exceeds 70% and the cost of SMS in Pakistan is very low. Moreover the use of SMS in the country has broadened beyond the conventional use of peer-peer chat to include social networking, SMS banking, delivery tracking, advertising, business, disaster management, and identity verification. This study will utilise this prevalence of mobile phones to assess whether simple and interactive sms reminders can serve to increase childhood immunization coverage and timeliness.

The pilot study will be carried out only in 2 EPI (Extended program on Immunization) centers at Korangi. The pilot will determine whether automated text messages produce increased immunization coverage in the reminder groups compared to the control group. 656 participants will be enrolled at Penta-1 and will be followed up until measles-2 vaccination. The results of proposed pilot will provide the basis for a large scale-up study in urban and rural settings in Pakistan.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years of age and older
* speak and write in Arabic language
* could access a mobile phone that could display Arabic language fonts,
* express interest in breastfeeding
* had an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy
* who lived in an area with mobile network coverage

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-Arabic speaking mothers
* who do not express interest in breastfeeding
* had pregnancy complications, a multiple pregnancy, and known medical conditions including mental illness that might hinder breastfeeding.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Living with HIV
* Reads English and speaks English or a local language (e.g., Twi)
* On antiretroviral therapy
* Access to mobile phone throughout study period
* Able to give consent and not impaired by cognitive or medical limitations as per clinical assessment
* Not involved with another HIV prevention or adherence study
* Evidence of a detectable viral load

Exclusion Criteria:

* None
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women \> 18 years
* Prenatal intention to breastfeed
* Prenatal enrollment \< 28 weeks gestation
* Have an unlimited text message cell phone plan
* Knows how to send a text message
* 5th grade literacy level

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lack of fluency in either English or Spanish
* Infant born premature (\<37 weeks)
* \> 3 days in NICU
* Any major maternal-newborn medical problem affecting breastfeeding
* Birth weight \<5lbs
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Child presenting for pentavalent 1- vaccine
* Caregivers who owned a cellphone or had access to one
* Caregivers permanently residing in Korangi Town, Karachi

Exclusion Criteria:

* Child presenting for a vaccine other than pentavalent -1
* Caregivers not having access to a cell phone
* Caregivers residing outside of Korangi or planning to move from the catchment area

Answer: D