Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: NIDA CTN Protocol 0049. Project HOPE -- Hospital Visit as Opportunity for Prevention and Engagement for HIV-Infected Drug Users
Brief Summary: Primary Objective: This study will evaluate the most effective strategy in achieving HIV virologic suppression among HIV-infected substance users recruited from the hospital setting who are randomly assigned to one of three treatment conditions: 1) Patient Navigator (PN); 2) Patient Navigator + Contingency Management (PN+CM); and 3) Treatment as Usual (TAU).

Primary Hypothesis: The rate of viral suppression (plasma HIV viral load of \<= 200 copies/mL) relative to non-suppression or all-cause mortality in the 3 study groups will differ from each other at the 12 month follow-up.

Sub-hypothesis 1. The rate of virologic suppression (plasma HIV viral load of \<= 200 copies/mL) in the PN+CM group will be greater than that in the TAU group.

Sub-hypothesis 2. The rate of virologic suppression in the PN+CM group will be greater than that in the PN group.

Sub-hypothesis 3. The rate of virologic suppression in the PN group will be greater than that in the TAU group.

Secondary Objectives:

1. To evaluate the effect of the experimental interventions on: HIV virological suppression and CD4 T-cell count changes at 6 months post-randomization; engagement in HIV primary care and visit attendance; and rate of hospitalizations.
2. To evaluate the effect of the experimental interventions on: drug use frequency and severity; and drug use treatment engagement and session attendance.
3. To assess selected mechanisms of action of the intervention (.i.e. mediators of intervention effect).
4. To assess potential characteristics associated with differential treatment effectiveness (i.e. moderators of intervention effect).
5. To evaluate the incremental cost and cost-effectiveness of the interventions.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Multi-sectoral agricultural intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Multi-sectoral agricultural intervention | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Multi-sectoral agricultural intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Multi-sectoral agricultural intervention
B: Arm Label: Comparison Arm; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Active Intervention 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Active Arm 1 | Arm Label: Active Intervention 2; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Active Arm 2 | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Active Arm 1; Assigned to Arm(s): Active Intervention 1 | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Active Arm 2; Assigned to Arm(s): Active Intervention 2
C: Arm Label: Treatment as Usual (TAU) Group; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Patient Navigation (PN) Group; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Patient Navigation (PN) Group | Arm Label: Patient Navigator Plus Contingency Management (PN+CM) Group; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Patient Navigator Plus Contingency Management (PN+CM) Group | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Patient Navigation (PN) Group; Assigned to Arm(s): Patient Navigation (PN) Group | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Patient Navigator Plus Contingency Management (PN+CM) Group; Assigned to Arm(s): Patient Navigator Plus Contingency Management (PN+CM) Group
D: Arm Label: Physician-level incentives; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Physician-level financial incentives | Arm Label: Practice-level incentives; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Practice-level financial incentives | Arm Label: Physician- and practice-level incentives; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Physician- and practice-level financial incentives | Arm Label: No incentives (control); Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Physician-level financial incentives; Assigned to Arm(s): Physician-level incentives | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Practice-level financial incentives; Assigned to Arm(s): Practice-level incentives | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Physician- and practice-level financial incentives; Assigned to Arm(s): Physician- and practice-level incentives

Answer: C