Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Use of Iball Mobile Health Technology in Pelvic Floor Muscle Training in the Postpartum Period: a Pilot Mixed Methods Study
Brief Summary: he postpartum period is vulnerable to dysfunction of the pelvic floor musculature, which is associated with incontinence, pain, reduced stability of the core and functional deficits. The Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Canada recommends instruction on the correct performance of pelvic floor muscle exercises, commonly known as Kegels, as standard care. However, only a small proportion of women seek medical care for incontinence in Canada. Recently, there has been an influx of mobile Health technology applications marketed for pelvic floor restoration and fitness that have not been studied. The existence of mHealth technologies may represent an innovative mode to support pelvic health, however systematic exploration to substantiate claims and proposed benefit is required. This pilot study aims to understand the utility of a new mobile health application, iball, as a rehabilitation tool to promote optimal pelvic floor function and to correct pregnancy related pelvic floor dysfunction. The iball is comprised of a device and a mobile app, and it has been brought to market in Europe as a consumer product. The study aims to assess the acceptability, feasibility, and effectiveness of the iball as a pelvic floor muscle training intervention, in comparison to standard care.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Women in their third trimester, first pregnancy.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently seeing a pelvic health physiotherapists or participating in a pelvic floor fitness program.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Being healthy and able to exercise following American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines
* Being able to communicate in spanish
* Giving birth at Hospital Universitario de Torrejón, Hospital Universitario de Puerta de Hierro or Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa (Madrid)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Multiparity
* Obstetrician complications
* Being interested in the study after 18 weeks
* Not having availability to attend to the physical exercise program
* Younger than 18 years old
* Older than 45 years old
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Primiparous women who have not participated in a structured exercise program, including significant amounts of walking for the past six months are eligible for the trial.
* Other inclusion criteria are ability to read, write and speak Norwegian, and to be within their first 24 weeks of pregnancy.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe heart disease
* Pregnancy induced hypertension
* History of more than two miscarriages
* Persistent bleeding after week 12 of gestation
* Poorly controlled thyroid disease
* Poorly controlled pre-eclampsia and/or other diseases that could interfere with participation (Artal and O'Toole, 2003)
* In addition, all women who live to far from the university to be able to attend weekly training groups will be ineligible
D: Inclusion criteria:

1. Age 20-45 years old
2. Gestational age 24-30 weeks gestation
3. Singleton pregnancy
4. Expected second-4ourth delivery

Exclusion criteria

1. First delivery
2. Gestational age at more than 30 weeks gestation at enrollment
3. Premature contractions
4. Cervical insufficiency
5. Placenta previa
6. Placenta accrete
7. Multifetal pregnancy
8. Maternal chronic illness including connective tissue disease, neurological illness

Answer: A