Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Six Month Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Clinical Trial to Determine the Safety and Efficacy of Idebenone Administered to Patients With Friedreich's Ataxia
Brief Summary: This study will determine whether a drug called idebenone is safe and effective in reducing the level of oxidants that are believed to damage the nervous system and hearts in patients with Friedreich's ataxia. Friedreich's ataxia is caused by an abnormality in the gene that makes a protein called frataxin, which is necessary for the proper functioning of energy-producing parts of cells called mitrochondria. In Friedreich's ataxia, the mitochondria become overloaded with iron, and high levels of harmful compounds called oxidants are formed. These oxidants are believed to damage the cells of the nervous system and hearts of people with Friedreich's ataxia. Idebenone is a man-made drug similar to a naturally occurring compound known as Coenzyme Q10. This study will test whether idebenone can alleviate some of the symptoms of Friedreich's ataxia and slow or halt the progression of the disease.

Patients with genetically confirmed Friedreich's ataxia who are between 9 and 18 years of age, weigh between 65 and 175 pounds and can walk 25 feet with or without an assistive device may be eligible for this study. Candidates are screened with blood tests and a review of their medical records.

Participants undergo the following tests and procedures:

* Medical interview and physical examination. Tests include blood and urine tests, an electrocardiogram, or EKG (recording of the electrical activity of the heart), echocardiogram (ultrasound test showing the pumping action of the heart, thickness of the heart walls, and any valve leakage), and a detailed neurological examination, including maneuvers such as copying a drawing and putting pegs in a board. Patients' parents are asked questions about how they feel their child's disease affects the child's quality of life.
* Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to examine the heart muscle and blood flow to the heart. MRI uses a magnetic field and radio waves to produce images of body tissues and organs. The patient lies on a table that is moved into the doughnut-shaped MRI scanner, wearing earplugs to muffle loud knocking and thumping sounds that occur during the scanning process. A catheter (plastic tube) is placed in a vein in the child's arm so that a chemical called gadolinium can be injected during the MRI study. Gadolinium brightens areas of the heart, improving the ability to see the heart and blood flow.
* Physical medicine and rehabilitation evaluations to test the child's physical functioning. These tests include gait evaluation, measurements of the ability to exert and maintain a constant force, assessment of visual-motor control and fine motor control, aerobic exercise endurance testing, and measurement of the ability of the child's heart and lungs to increase their effectiveness with exercise.
* Idebenone/placebo treatment. Patients are given a 6-month supply of either idebenone pills or placebo (pills that look like the study drug but have no active ingredient) to take three times a day. Patients are seen by their primary care physician after 1 and 3 months on the study medication for a brief physical examination. In addition, they have blood and urine tests once a month while on medication to check for any abnormalities.
* 6-month examination. After 6 months on the study drug, patients return to NIH to repeat all the tests listed above to determine the effects of idebenone treatment.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Primary diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder with symptoms of depression present at least 1 month
* Psychotropic medications currently not being taken

Exclusion Criteria:

* Failure to respond in past 5 years to antidepressant therapy of adequate duration and dosing
* Diagnoses of following conditions or disorders within past 6 months: generalized anxiety, obsessive compulsive, panic, post stress, anorexia, bulimia, alcohol or substance abuse or social anxiety disorder
* Diagnoses current or past of the following conditions or disorders: schizophrenia, psychotic disorder, delieium, dememtia, amnestic cognitive disorder, bipolar
B: Inclusion criteria:

* Documented diagnosis of Friedreich's Ataxia (FRDA) with confirmed FRDA mutations
* Patients 8 - 17 years of age at baseline
* Patients with a body weight greater than 25 kg/55 lbs at baseline
* Patients able to walk at least 10 meters without accompanying person (ICARS Walking Capacities score ≤6) at screening and baseline
* Patients who in the opinion of the investigator are able to comply with the requirements of the study, including swallowing the study medication
* Negative urine pregnancy test at screening and baseline (female patients of childbearing potential)

Exclusion criteria:

* Treatment with idebenone, Coenzyme Q10 or vitamin E (if taken at a dose 5 times above the daily requirement) within the past month
* Patients with International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) score of greater than 54 or less than 10 at screening
* Pregnancy and/or breast-feeding
* Clinically significant abnormalities of clinical hematology or biochemistry including, but not limited to, elevations greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal of Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST; also known as GOT), Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT; also known as GPT) or creatinine
* History of abuse of drugs or alcohol
* Participation in the previous (Phase II) study of idebenone at the National Institutes of Health (NIH)
* Participation in a trial of another investigational drug within the last 3 months
C: * INCLUSION CRITERIA:

Diagnosis of FA with confirmed FRDA mutations.

Age from nine up to but not over eighteen years.

Weight between 30 to 80 kilograms.

Ambulatory (assistance devices permitted).

Willing to participate in all aspects of trial design and follow-up.

All subjects agree and commit to the use of 2 reliable methods of birth control for the duration of the study if sexually active.

Neurologically symptomatic.

No exposure to idebenone, coenzyme Q10, or other dietary supplements for a period of at least one month before enrollment in the study.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

History of a hypersensitivity reaction to idebenone or coenzyme Q10.

Pregnant or lactating women. All women of child-bearing potential must have negative serum pregnancy prior to the medication phase of the study. If a minor has a positive pregnancy test, we will inform her but not inform her parents unless we are asked to by the minor.

Platelet count, white blood cell count or hemoglobin below the lower limit of normal.

Alkaline phosphatase, SGOT, or SGPT greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal. Bilirubin greater than 1.5 g/dl.

Creatinine greater than 1.5 times the upper limit of normal based upon the pediatric reference range provided by the testing laboratory.

Clinically significant medical disease that, in the judgment of the investigators, would expose the patient to undue risk of harm or prevent the patient from completing the study.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Individuals with genetically confirmed Friedreich's Ataxia (GAA or point mutation)
* Impaired Glucose Tolerance, measured by Oral GTT

Exclusion Criteria:

* Overt Diabetes Mellitus
* Presence of clinically significant cardiovascular disease

Answer: C