Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Developing a Brief Early Cognitive Intervention for PTSD and Alcohol Misuse
Brief Summary: The broad aim of this study is to develop and test a brief intervention that can be implemented in the immediate weeks following sexual assault to decrease likelihood of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or alcohol misuse. The first phase of the study will enroll 6 women to complete a brief, cognitive therapy protocol and provide feedback on the intervention (open trial). The second phase of the study will recruit 76 women to complete either the intervention (38 women) or assessment only (38 women) to test the effects of the intervention on both PTSD symptoms and alcohol use behavior as compared to natural recovery following assault.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children between the age of 10-18
* referred to a guidance clinic
* who have experienced trauma
* present with PTSD reactions
* participants and the primary caretaker must be able to speak Norwegian.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe psychosis
* Severe mental retardation.
* The youth must not have had severe conduct disorders previous to the trauma experience
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* over 18 years of age;
* able to understand and speak French;
* history of unwanted sexual experience;
* PTSD diagnosis according to DSM-IV-TR;
* sleep complaints, as established by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score ≥ 5 and a mean of one or more NM per week for at least one month;
* if psychotropic medication was used, (antidepressant, antianxiety, antipsychotic or hypnotic medication) stable for a minimum of three months;
* available for in-person assessments and therapy sessions.

Exclusion Criteria:

* past or present psychotic episode, bipolar disorder or organic mental disorder (e.g. dementia);
* substance use disorder;
* sleep apnea diagnosis;
* use of prazosine to treat nightmares;
* presently in treatment for psychological difficulties;
* significant suicidal thoughts requiring immediate intervention.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Female; any race or ethnicity; age 18 to 65 years old.
* Sexual assault that occurred within the past 12 months.
* Subjects must be able to comprehend English.
* A score of 3 or greater on the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C) screen.
* A score of 31 or greater on the Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Checklist for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (PCL-5). Subjects may also meet criteria for an alcohol use disorder, previous history of posttraumatic stress disorder, mood disorder (except bipolar affective disorder, see Exclusion Criteria) or other anxiety disorders (panic disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, generalized anxiety disorder, or obsessive-compulsive disorder). The inclusion of subjects with affective and other anxiety disorders is essential because of the marked frequency of the co-existence of mood and other anxiety disorders among patients with AUD and PTSD (Norman et al., 2018; Zinzow et al., 2012). Subjects may meet the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for another substance use disorder if AUD is the primary substance of choice.
* Must consent to complete all treatment and follow-up visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lack of any memory of the sexual assault
* Subjects meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) criteria for a history of or current psychotic, bipolar, dissociative identify disorder, or a current eating disorder, as the study protocol may be therapeutically insufficient.
* Subjects experiencing significant withdrawal symptoms, as evidence by a score of 10 or more on the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol (CIWA). These subjects will be referred for clinical detoxification and may be re-assessed for study eligibility after medically supervised detoxification has been completed.
* Individuals considered an immediate suicide risk, with current suicidal ideation and intent.
* Individuals who attempted suicide in the past month. These individuals will be referred directly for treatment.
* Individuals on psychotropic medications must be stabilized on it for at least two weeks prior to beginning the study.
* Any other medical or psychiatric conditions that the investigators believe may compromise the individual's ability to safely participate in the study.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Identifies as female
* Age \> 18 years
* 2-10 weeks post sexual assault
* PTSD symptoms related to recent sexual assault, specifically defined as a minimum of

  1 reexperiencing, 1 avoidance, 2 negative alterations in mood/cognition, or 2 hyperarousal symptoms
* Drinking more than 3 drinks on one occasion in the last month and at least two reported negative consequences of alcohol use
* Capacity to provide informed consent
* English fluency
* No planned absences that they would be unable to complete 5 weeks of assessments and coaching calls
* Access to a telephone.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Acutely suicidal with intent/plan
* Exhibit current psychosis
* Previous non-response to an adequate trial (8 or more sessions) of Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT)

Answer: D