Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Shared Decision Making in the Emergency Department: The Chest Pain Choice Trial
Brief Summary: Our long-term goal is to promote evidence-based patient-centered evaluation in the acute setting to more closely tailor testing to disease risk. To compare the use of risk stratification tools with usual clinical approaches to treatment selection or administration, we propose the following:

1. Test if Chest Pain Choice safely improves validated patient-centered outcome measures in a pragmatic parallel patient randomized trial.

   Hypothesis: The intervention will significantly increase patient knowledge, engagement, and satisfaction with no increase in adverse events.
2. Test if the decision aid has an effect on healthcare utilization within 30 days after enrollment.

Hypothesis: The intervention will significantly reduce the rate of hospital admission, rate of cardiac testing, and total healthcare utilization.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. 18+ years of age (at least 18).
2. Admitted to emergency department for chest pain.
3. Being considered by the treating clinician for admission for cardiac testing.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Ischemic changes on the electrocardiogram not known to be old as determined by the treating clinician in real time.
2. Elevated cardiac troponin (cTn) above the 99th percentile reference limit.
3. Known coronary artery disease as defined by consensus guidelines on risk stratification studies for emergency department patients with potential acute coronary syndrome (≥ 50% stenosis on cardiac catheterization; prior electrocardiographic changes indicative of ischemia, e.g., ST-segment depression, T-wave inversion, or left bundle branch block; perfusion defects or wall motion abnormalities on previous exercise, pharmacological, or rest imaging studies; previous documentation of acute myocardial infarction; or, if no records are available, patient self-report of coronary artery disease).
4. Cocaine use within the previous 72 hours by clinician history.
5. Pregnancy.
6. Referral to the emergency department by a personal physician for admission.
7. Patients who indicate that a hospital different than the site hospital is his or her "hospital of choice" in the event of a return emergency department visit.
8. Patients undergoing medical clearance for a detox center or any involuntary court or magistrate order.
9. Homelessness, out-of-town residence or other condition known to preclude follow-up.
10. Patients in police custody or currently incarcerated individuals.
11. Patients who have, in their clinician's best judgment, major communication barriers such as visual or hearing impairment or dementia that would compromise their ability to give written informed consent (or use the decision aid).
B: Adult patients with type 2 diabetes attending a referral diabetes clinic, who are taking or not taking statins, and give consent to participate. Excluded were patients who had sensory or mental impairments or language barriers that preclude them from using the intervention and therefore participate in this trial.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* All employees, dependents and retirees in one of seven large employer groups, including a state university system, a state employee group, two manufacturing companies, a natural resource extraction company, a public educational service agency, and a nonprofit multiple employer association for independent colleges were eligible for inclusion.

Exclusion Criteria:

* no financial information was available from their facility and professional claims;
* they were in an employer sub-group ineligible for care support services;
* they asked not be to contacted or were deceased;
* gender information was missing from their eligibility files;
* their claims data from the year prior to the start of the study indicated diagnoses of HIV, AIDS, end-stage renal disease (ESRD), organ transplants, or necrotizing fasciitis (intended to improve the likelihood of a balanced distribution of costs and conditions); OR
* they were in an employer sub-group with less than four months of enrollment prior to the study start date (resulting in too little information for stratification).
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* English-speaking
* Scheduled to see an internal medicine provider
* No recent colorectal cancer screening

Exclusion Criteria:

* Personal history of colorectal cancer
* Family history of colorectal cancer
* Blood seen in stools within last month
* Obvious cognitive or physical impairment that would prevent participation

Answer: A