Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Renal Denervation in Patients With Refractory Hypertension
Brief Summary: To investigate the clinical utility of renal denervation in the treatment of refractory hypertension.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* treatment resistant hypertension
* male of female aged over 18 years
* written informed consent
* agreement to attend all study visits as planned in the protocol

Exclusion Criteria:

* chronic kidney disease 3 - 5
* any contradictions for MRI
* claustrophobia
* strabismus
* severe ocular diseases
* history of epilepsia
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Refractory hypertension: 3 or more antihypertensive agents of different classes (including a diuretic) at optimal dosage without change in the 4 weeks preceding randomization
* Systolic blood pressure of 135-149 and/or diastolic blood pressure of 90-94 mmHg (ABPM mean daytime values)
* No change in blood pressure medication within 6 months after randomization
* Age 18 to 75 years
* Informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Blood pressure outside range mentioned above
* Renal, aortic or pelvic anatomy unsuited for renal sympathetic denervation
* Estimated glomerular filtration rate \<45 mL/min/1.73 m² (modification of diet in renal disease formula)
* Unstable angina pectoris
* Myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to randomization
* Planned surgery or cardiovascular intervention within 6 months after randomization
* Severe heart valve disease
* Severe comorbidities with limited life expectancy
* Pregnancy
* Participation in another trial
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Inclusion Criteria
* Age ≥ 18 years of age
* History of AF (paroxysmal or persistent) and planned for a guideline-supported catheter ablation procedure
* History of significant hypertension (defined as SBP ≥160 mm Hg and/or DBP ≥100 mmHg) and receiving treatment with at least one anti-hypertensive medication OR Clinical History of hypertension and receiving treatment with at least two anti-hypertensive medications (specifically for blood pressure reduction).
* Renal vasculature is accessible as determined by intra-procedural renal angiography.
* Ability to understand the requirements of the study
* Willingness to adhere to study restrictions, comply with all post-procedural follow-up requirements and to sign informed consent

Exclusion Criteria

* Inability to undergo AF catheter ablation (e.g., presence of a left atrial thrombus, contraindication to all anticoagulation)
* Prior left atrial ablation for an atrial arrhythmia (before this index procedure)
* Patients with NYHA class IV congestive heart failure
* Individual has known secondary hypertension
* Individual has renal artery anatomy that is ineligible for treatment including:

  1. Inability to access renal vasculature
  2. Main renal arteries \< 3 mm in diameter or \< 20 mm in length.
  3. Hemodynamically or anatomically significant renal artery abnormality or stenosis in either renal artery which, in the eyes of the operator, would interfere with safe cannulation of the renal artery or meets standards for surgical repair or interventional dilation.
  4. A history of prior renal artery intervention including balloon angioplasty or stenting that precludes a possibility of ablation treatment.
* Individual has an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less than 45mL/min/1.73m2, using the MDRD calculation.
* Individual has a single functioning kidney (either congenitally or iatrogenically).
* Individual is pregnant or nursing.
* Life expectancy \<1 year for any medical condition
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* \>= 18 years of age.
* a systolic blood pressure of 160 mmHg or greater.
* receiving and adhering to full doses of an appropriate antihypertensive drug regimen for a minimum of two weeks prior to screening.
* agrees to have the study procedure(s) performed and additional procedures and evaluations, including repeat phlebotomy, imaging, urine analyses, and clinical examination.
* competent and willing to provide written, informed consent to participate in this clinical study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* renal arterial abnormalities
* end stage renal disease requiring dialysis or renal transplant
* serum Cr \> 3, or calculated GFR \< 45 ml/min
* has experienced MI, unstable angina pectoris, or CVA with 6 months
* others

Answer: D