Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind, Double-Dummy, Multicenter Study to Assess the Safety and Efficacy of Doripenem Compared With Imipenem-Cilastatin in the Treatment of Subjects With Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to show that doripenem is as effective as imipenem-cilastatin in the treatment of patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients must have new or worsening radiographic infiltrates consistent with ventilator-associated pneumonia that was not related to cardiac or other disease processes
* Have at least 1 of the following: fever (core body temperature greater than 39.0°C); hypothermia (core body temperature of less than 35.0°C); leukocytosis (increased WBC count); and leukopenia (decreased WBC count)
* Have developed ventilator-associated pneumonia and have been on mechanical ventilation for more than or equal to 48 hours and on mechanical ventilation at the time that study medication is assigned
* Have been hospitalized or been in a chronic care facility for consecutive 5 days or more within the last 90 days
* Have a baseline Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) more than or equal to 6 and an Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE) II score more than 8 and less than 35

Exclusion Criteria:

* Have received antibiotics for this episode of ventilator-associated pneumonia for more than 24 hours before study medication administration
* Known presence at baseline of only methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or Stenotrophomonas infection
* Acute respiratory distress syndrome
* Has any of the following conditions: chest trauma with severe lung bruising or loss of stability of the thoracic cage following a fracture of the sternum, ribs, or both, increased amounts of fluid in the lung cavities requiring drainage or pus in the cavity
* Has active seizure disorder within the last 2 years or brain injury such that imipenem cilastatin would not be administered to the patient in usual practice
* Has lung cancer within the last 2 years, chronic bronchitis with an increase in severity within the last 30 days, chronic enlargement of the bronchi or bronchioles related to inflammatory disease or obstruction, lung abscess(s), anatomical bronchial obstruction, respiratory tuberculosis on treatment, suspected atypical pneumonia, chemical pneumonitis, cystic fibrosis, congestive heart failure, severe burns to greater than 15% of the body, evidence of severe and chronic liver disease
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female subjects, greater than or equal to 18 years of age, known or suspected to have acute hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP).
* Acute HAP is defined as pneumonia with onset of symptoms:

  1. Greater than or equal to 48 hours after admission to an acute care hospital or chronic care facility such as a skilled nursing home facility or rehabilitation unit. Or
  2. Less than or equal to 7 days after the subject was discharged from the hospital. The initial hospitalization must have been greater than or equal to 3 days duration.
* VAP is defined as: onset of symptoms of pneumonia greater than or equal to 48 hours after endotracheal intubation.
* Presence of a new or evolving infiltrate on a chest x-ray film, presence of fever or leukocytosis, respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation or presence of 2 of the following clinical signs and symptoms: cough, dyspnea or tachypnea, pleuritic chest pain, rales and/or evidence of pulmonary consolidation, hypoxemia, or purulent sputum production.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects with other significant underlying conditions that would make it difficult to evaluate the subjects or make it unlikely to complete the therapy or that would increase their risk by participating in the study, infection with organisms known to be resistant, contraindication, or hypersensitivity to any of the test articles.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients suffering from nosocomial pneumonia or ventilator-associated pneumonia
* Female patients must be postmenopausal for at least 1 year, surgically sterile, or practicing an effective method of birth control, before entry and throughout the study, and have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test at the screening

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known or suspected hypersensitivity to any related antibiotic medications
* Any known or suspected condition or concurrent treatment that would be contraindicated by the prescribing information
* Treatment with any investigational drug within 30 days before enrollment
* Prior enrollment to this study
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients hospitalized for \>= 48 hours or those with prior hospital admission of at least 48 hours who were discharged within the last 48 hours.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Hospital-acquired pneumonia known at the time of enrollment to be caused by pathogen(s) resistant to certain antibiotics
* Any rapidly progressing disease or immediately life-threatening illness

Answer: A