Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plan Block on Postoperative Pain After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Under General Anesthesia. Randomized, Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a widely employed procedure in ambulatory surgery. Pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy arises significantly from port site incisions in the anterior abdominal wall. Innervation of the anterior abdominal wall is segmentally supplied by pain afferents in the plane of fascia between transversus abdominis and the internal oblique muscles. Opioids analgesia is used to control postoperative pain, but it carries the risk of increased nausea and vomiting, ileus and sedation that may delay hospital discharge.

Several techniques have been tried as.neuroaxial narcotics, intraperitoneal lavage of local anesthetic and transversus abdominis plan (TAP) block and successfully reduced opioid use and improve postoperative analgesia.

The ultrasound-guided erector spinae plan(ESP) block is a recently described technique which produces reliable unilateral analgesia at thoraco-lumbar dermatomes. ESP block carries the advantages of being simple, safe, easily recognizable by ultrasound, and a catheter can be threaded to extend the duration of analgesia.

Few case series reported the efficacy of (US)-guided ESP blocks in reducing postoperative pain and opioids consumption.

Because of that, the investigators aimed to test the hypothesis that US-guided ESP blocks can decrease opioid consumption during the first 24 h after of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in comparison with the conventional systemic analgesia.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Group E = ESPB group; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Erector spinae plane block (Group E) | Arm Label: Group S = Sham block group; Type: SHAM_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Sham block group (Group S) | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Erector spinae plane block (Group E); Assigned to Arm(s): Group E = ESPB group | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Sham block group (Group S); Assigned to Arm(s): Group S = Sham block group
B: Arm Label: erector spinae block; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: erector spinae block | Arm Label: serratus anterior block; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: serratus plane block | Arm Label: intravenous morphine; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Morphine Sulfate | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: serratus plane block; Assigned to Arm(s): serratus anterior block | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: erector spinae block; Assigned to Arm(s): erector spinae block | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Morphine Sulfate; Assigned to Arm(s): intravenous morphine
C: Arm Label: ESP group; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: Intravenous morphine patient controlled device, Other: Erector Spinae Plane Block | Arm Label: TPVB group; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: Intravenous morphine patient controlled device, Other: Thoracic Paravertebral Block | Arm Label: Control Group; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Device: Intravenous morphine patient controlled device | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Intravenous morphine patient controlled device; Assigned to Arm(s): Control Group, ESP group, TPVB group | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Erector Spinae Plane Block; Assigned to Arm(s): ESP group | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Thoracic Paravertebral Block; Assigned to Arm(s): TPVB group
D: Arm Label: Group I (Control); Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Erector Spinae Plan Block | Arm Label: Group II (ESP); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Erector Spinae Plan Block | Arm Label: Group III(OSTAP); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Oblique subcostal TAP | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Erector Spinae Plan Block; Assigned to Arm(s): Group I (Control), Group II (ESP) | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Oblique subcostal TAP; Assigned to Arm(s): Group III(OSTAP)

Answer: D