Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Study of Novel Smoking Cessation Interventions in Current and Former Injection Drug Users
Brief Summary: Cigarette smoking is very common in current and former injection drug users and is known to cause chronic lung diseases. Quitting smoking is proven to improve the health of people addicted to cigarettes. . Little information exists regarding the perceptions and characteristics of drug users regarding quitting smoking. Additionally, most programs designed to help people quit smoking are not very successful. One reason these programs may not work well is because it is difficult to motivate people to quit smoking. New methods of motivating changes in behavior include small monetary payments for healthy behavior and reporting breathing tests with the concept of "lung age," which is the age of an average healthy person with similar breathing test results. For example, a health care provider can report results as "Although you are 50 years old, you have the lungs for a 70 year old". In this proposal, the investigators plan to first explore the beliefs and characteristics of current and former injection drug users and how they are related to quitting smoking. The investigators then plan to study whether the use of two new methods of motivation increases the chances that this group will stop smoking.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients ≥ 18 yrs. scheduled for elective non-cardiac surgery at Mayo Clinic Rochester;
2. Current smoking, defined as \> 100 cigarettes lifetime consumption and self-report of smoking every day.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. An inability to understand consent procedures;
2. Inability to complete a written questionnaire.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Active smoker

Exclusion Criteria:

* Enrollment in smoking cessation protocol
* Current use of nicotine replacement therapy
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* All adult smoker population over the age of 18 years attended by their primary care physician for any reason and who do not fulfil exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous diagnosis of COPD by spirometry.
* Patients contraindicated to undertake spirometry.
* Patients without a telephone.
* Patients with communication difficulties: cognitive and/or sensorial deterioration, language.
* Patients with severe disease of poor prognosis (life expectancy of less than one year).
* Patients with another respiratory disease: asthma, COPD, neoplasm of the respiratory tract, pulmonary thromboembolism, pulmonary tuberculosis, interstitial diseases.
* Patients who do not give written informed consent to participate in the study.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years old,
* smoke greater than or equal to 15 cigarettes a day,
* have an expired CO level greater than or equal to 10 ppm,
* are not currently being treated for smoking cessation,
* can read and write in English,
* provide contact information,
* agree to the study requirements,
* have no medical contraindications for spirometry assessment,
* and no an obvious cognitive or physical impairment that would preclude their ability to comprehend or fully participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

-

Answer: B