Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: Diabetic nephropathy is the leading cause of chronic kidney disease all the world in spite of progress in new treatment for diabetes and anti hypertensive drugs. Additional treatments are thus needed to arrest the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Although there is insufficient evidence to suggest that a low-protein diet improves renal dysfunction, it is recommended as a mainstay of nutritional management. We here assessed the role of low protein diet in renal function as well as albuminuria in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy for a median of 5 years.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Type 2 diabetes mellitus
* Urinary protein excretion 1-10 g/day
* Serum Cr \<2.0 mg/dl
* With diabetic retinopathy \> SDR
* Normal protein intake instruction
* Patients whose consent is obtained at \>20 or age =\<65

Exclusion Criteria:

* Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
* Non-diabetic nephropathy
* Urinary tract infection
* Congestive heart failure
* Unstable angina
* Myocardial infarction
* Stroke
* Severe hepatopathy
* Life threatening disease such as malignant tumor
* Patients on ACE-I and or ARB treatment
* Patients on instruction of low protein diet
* BW\< 80% of IBW
* Pregnant, lactating, and probably pregnant patients
* Patients judged as being inappropriate fir the subjects
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with chronic kidney disease in stage 3b and 4(15ml/min/1.73m2\<GFR\<45 ml/min/1.73m2, estimated by EPI formula) receiving conservative treatment for CKD

Exclusion Criteria:

* With diagnosis of diabetic mellitus;
* Incapable of following study requirements to control diet;
* Glomerular filtration rate \< 15 ml/min/1.73m2;
* Hypercalcemia or hyperkalemia (\> normal upper limit);
* Other serious disease(eg.heart,lung,brain) within the last 3 months;
* Cardiac failure stage IV NYHA;
* With cirrhosis of liver or obvious symptoms of liver diseases, ALT or AST two times normal upper limit;
* Severe edema or serous cavity effusion;
* Drug abuse;
* Final diagnosis of malignant tumor;
* Receiving the long-term systematic steroid hormone or immunosuppressive agents(eg. Cyclophosphamidum,Cyclosporine, Prograf,Azathioprine) treatment;
* Gestation already, prepares to be pregnant in the period of the trial, lactating women;
* Participate in other product clinical trial within 30 days prior to this trial
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with chronic renal insufficiency in stage CKD 4 and 5 (GFR \< 30 ml/min/1.73m2, estimated by the 24-hours creatinine clearance) receiving conservative treatment for CKD
* Incident patients with chronic renal insufficiency in stage CKD 4 and 5 (GFR \< 30 ml/min/1.73m2, estimated by the 24-hours creatinine clearance), provided stable renal function determined by two 24-hour measurements of creatinine clearance 2 weeks a part

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients already on very low protein diet
* Change of creatinine clearance \> 30% within the last 3 months
* Severe undernutrition as indicated by :

  1. BMI \< 20 kg/m2 in presence of serum albumin \< 3.0 g/dl, or BMI \< 17.5 kg/m2 whatever albumin value
  2. body weight reduction \> 7.5% within the last 3 months
* Severe obesity as indicated by BMI \> 35 kg/m2
* Pregnancy or feeding
* Chronic treatment with steroid or cytotoxic drugs
* Fast progressing glomerulonephritis
* Active SLE and vasculitis
* Cardiac failure stage IV NYHA
* Advanced liver cirrhosis
* Active cancer diseases
* Severe encephalopathy associated with lack of spontaneous feeding
* Chronic obstructive respiratory diseases needing oxygen treatment
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Type 2 diabetes
* Microalbuminuria

Exclusion Criteria:

* Stimulated serum C-peptide concentration less than 600 pmol/L
* Pancreatic insufficiency or diabetes secondary to pancreatitis
* Alcohol abuse
* Non-diabetic kidney disease
* Life-threatening disease with death probable within 4 years of study start

Answer: A