Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation Combined With Constraint Induced Movement Therapy and Role of GABA Activity in Stroke Recovery
Brief Summary: The aim of this study is to determine whether noninvasive brain stimulation in form of active transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with constraint induced movement therapy (CIMT) offers an additional benefit as compared with sham tDCS combined with CIMT in patients with stroke. Furthermore the purpose is to highlight changes in GABA activity more than 3 months after stroke and its importance for effect of tDCS and CIMT combined with tDCS.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* chronic stroke (\>6 months after stroke)
* age: 18 to 80 years
* non-hemorrhagic or hemorrhagic stroke

Exclusion Criteria:

* more than 1 stroke
* severe alcohol disease or drug abuse, severe psychiatric disease like depression or psychosis
* severe cognitive deficits
* severe untreated medical conditions
* other neurologic diseases
* severe microangiopathy
* pregnancy
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* stroke onset \>3 months prior to study enrollment
* subject has at least 10 degrees mobility over wrist, thumb and fingers on the affected side
* subject can move, stand up and stand firmly with constrained healthy hand
* subject can perform training 6 hours daily in 2 weeks
* subject is able to understand instructions and be able to cooperate

Exclusion Criteria:

* pregnancy
* contraindications to MRI of brain
* epilepsy, major psychiatric disease
* excessive pain that prevents training
* history of other diseases resulting decreased mobility of affected upper limb
C: Inclusion Criteria:

- first -ever ischemic stroke within 5-30 days a paresis of the arm/hand with NIHSS \<15 age 35-85 years

Exclusion Criteria:

Pregnancy psychiatric disease patients with history of alcohol or drug abuse or severe depression patients with a severe language disturbances, particularly of receptive nature patients with increased intracranial pressure or serious cardiac disease patients with contraindication to TMS
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subacute stroke patients (5-45 days after stroke) with thromboembolic non-hemorrhagic subcortical or cortical, first clinically overt stroke will be included. Moderate to moderately severe upper-extremity hemiparesis, defined as an Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer score (UEFMA) between 20 and 58 (inclusive).

Exclusion Criteria:

* pre-existing large lesions (\> 1.5 cm maximum diameter) in a brain area that belongs to the anatomically established sensorimotor/premotor system
* progressive stroke
* completely lesioned hand knob area of M1 affected if no motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are present
* bilateral motor impairment
* florid alcohol and/or drug abuse
* florid severe psychiatric illness (e.g. schizophrenia)
* severe language disturbances that prevents the patient to give informed consent or inhibit adequate scoring because of insufficient understanding of scoring introductions
* tumor diseases with a life expectancy less than one year
* increased intracranial pressure
* polyneuropathy and/or ischemic peripheral disease if the sensorimotor functions of the upper extremities are affected clinically relevant
* severe cognitive deficits (MMSE ≤ 23)
* pregnancy
* contraindication for MRI or TMS

Answer: B