Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: German: Effekte Eines Telemonitorisch überwachten Ergometertrainings Bei Patienten Mit Einer COPD Nach Exazerbation: Eine Prospektiv Randomisierte Studie
Brief Summary: Home ergometer training combined with online monitoring and regular telephone support could prove to be a cost-effective method to improve physical performance and quality of life in COPD patients.

The primary objective of the study is to demonstrate a significantly higher daily workout time in patients that are monitored during home ergometer training with telephone support compared to conventional home ergometer training. Consequently we expect an increased quality of life related to the illness and a decreasing BODE-Index. A post-interventional lower BODE-Index correlates with a reduced risk of hospitalisation and mortality.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient at one of the participating primary care clinics (at least 1 visit in past 12 months)
* Age 40 and older
* Speaking English or Spanish
* Plan to continue to be seen at current clinic and to not leave the area for \>2 months anytime in the next 9 months or to be absent at 9 or 15 months
* COPD defined as ever having had a post-bronchodilator Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second/Forced Vital Capacity (FEV1/FVC) \<.70 of FEV1/FVC of .70 to .74 and diagnosis of COPD by the study pulmonologist
* Willingness to attempt spirometry
* At least moderate COPD, defined as at least one of the following:

  * Ever Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) \< 80% predicted
  * 1 or more emergency department (ED) visit for COPD exacerbation in past 12 months
  * 1 or more hospital stays for COPD exacerbation in past 12 months
  * 1 or more prescriptions for oral prednisone for a COPD exacerbation in past 12 months
  * Ever on home oxygen therapy
  * Ever outpatient percutaneous oxygen saturation of \</=88%
  * Ever outpatient partial pressure of oxygen (ppO2) by arterial blood gas (ABG) of \</=55mm Hg
  * At least 3 outpatient visits for COPD in past 12 months AND (a current COPD Assessment Test (CAT) score of \>/=10 OR an modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) score of \>/=2).
  * Currently using tiotropium inhaler or combination inhaled corticosteroid and long-acting beta agonist

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable to participate in the study due to mental or physical impairment
* Severe or terminal illness that precludes focus on COPD
* No phone
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* COPD

Exclusion Criteria:

* tumor diseases
* unstable coronary heart disease
* untreated cardiac valve disease
* incapable of giving consent
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Physician diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD)
* Moderate to severe COPD according to NHLBI/WHO Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) classification (Stages II to III)
* Understands spoken English
* Has a functional telephone line or cable at home

Exclusion Criteria:

* Evidence that the participant may move from the study area before the completion of the study
* Presence of any health condition that would preclude participation, such as a psychiatric diagnosis or physical disability that would severely affect a participant's ability to carry out study procedures
* Inability to use telephone unassisted
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients ≥40 years of age with COPD in GOLD stage II to IV (postbronchodilator FEV1/FVC≤0.70, postbronchodilator FEV1≤80% predicted) are eligible if in- or outpatient treatment of their last exacerbation ended ≥4 weeks ago.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who received mechanical ventilation in the previous 12 months (because of extremely poor prognosis), patients with co-morbidities associated with a life expectancy of ≤12 months, patients diagnosed with dementia, psychosis or other psychiatric illness that invalidate assessment of patient-reported parameters and patients who cannot complete thr baseline assessment due to language difficulties.

Answer: B