Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Preoperative Single-dose Steroid Application for the Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting After Thyroid Surgery
Brief Summary: The study is to compare the postoperative recovery, as determined by postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after preoperative application of single-dose dexamethasone versus saline in patients undergoing partial or total thyroidectomy.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 or older with an American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status of I to II
* Scheduled for vitrectomy under local anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

* Hypersensitivity to study drug or rescue medication
* Preoperative score for nausea greater than 4 out of 10 points
* Subjects who suffer from chronic nausea and/or vomiting
* Severe hepatic insufficiency (Child-Pugh score \> 9)
* Other antiemetic within 12 hours prior to surgery
* Patients unable to undergo a local anesthetic
* Subjects with clinically significant or unstable cardiac, respiratory, hepatic, renal, or other major organ system disease
* Psychotic illness or depression
* Addiction to illicit substances or alcohol
* Non-psychotic emotional disorders
* Pregnant or lactating
* Subjects who, in the opinion of the investigator, would experience an unacceptable risk from administration of study drug
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* ASA physical status I or II women
* Aged 20 65 years, and scheduled for gynecologic laparoscopic surgery and IV patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for postoperative pain control.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known allergy or intolerance to the study drug
* History of cardiac arrhythmia
* Psychiatric illness
* Chronic treatment with a dopamine antagonist
* Use of opioids or steroids within one week of surgery
* Use of antiemetic within 24 hours before the study
* No ability to use the PCA device
* Gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic disease
* Insulin-dependent diabetes or obesity with a body mass index \> 35 kg/m2.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients over or equal to the age of 18 years old who can understand the study protocol and are able to give consent
* Patients with an American Society of Anaesthesiology (ASA) classification 1 to 3
* Patients must have a preoperative oral 24 hour opioid consumption of less than or equal to 30 mg morphine equivalents
* Patients must be able to understand and be able to use patient controlled analgesia
* Patients must be undergoing a primary total knee arthroplasty with neuraxial anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a contraindication to neuraxial and/or regional anaesthesia
* Patients with an allergy to local anaesthetics
* Patients who have chronic pain not related to their knee joint
* Patients with chronic opioid use (daily or almost daily use \>3 months)
* Patients with contraindications to dexamethasone (allergy, infection, Insulin dependent Diabetes Mellitus)
* Patients with pre-existing neuropathy
* Patients with hepatic failure
* Patients with renal failure with eGFR\<60
* Patients with allergy to ketorolac or NSAIDs
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age \> 18
* Planned partial or total thyroidectomy

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of adverse effects to dexamethasone or propyleneglycol or di-natrium-EDTA
* Patients with chronic pain
* Necessity for opioids-application in the postoperative course
* Not possible administration of a cervical block (0.5% bupivacaine at a dose of 20ml)
* Patients with Diabetes mellitus
* Pregnancy (test in young women)
* Glaucoma
* Patients who received antiemetic therapy within 48h before surgery
* Patients with acute pain requiring painkillers others than paracetamol or more than single dose NSAR treatment within 48h before surgery
* Use of psychotropic drugs
* Incompliant patients
* Preoperatively high suspicion of malignancy
* Re-operations

Answer: D