Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Varenicline for Cognitive Deficits and Cigarette Smoking in Schizophrenia - Efficacy and Predictors, Independent Investigator Study
Brief Summary: This is a 8-week double-blind placebo controlled parallel group study of the efficacy of varenicline (Chantix) for smoking cessation in schizophrenic patients, and its effect on cognitive function in patients with schizophrenia.At some sits evaluation of smoking measures is extended to 12 weeks. Correlations will be made with biological predictors of efficacy: a) measures of nicotinic receptors in lymphocytes b) DNMT1 and GAD67 mRNA in lymphocytes. Subjects will be current cigarette smokers or history of regular smokers.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Smokers seeking treatment
* Aged 18 and over
* Consenting to take part in the trial

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant or breastfeeding
* End-stage renal disease
* Unable to fill in questionnaires in English
* Previous allergy to Varenicline
* Previous allergy to Nicotine Patches Previous allergy to varenicline
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. HIV positive
2. Adult (aged 18 or older)
3. Current smoker (more than 5 cigarettes per day)
4. Willing to set a date to quit smoking within the next 2-4 weeks
5. Currently on ART with an undetectable HIV viral load
6. Able to read/speak English or French
7. Able to provide written, informed consent as approved by the Ottawa Health Science Network Research Ethics Board and REBs at participating HIV clinic sites

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Contraindications to nicotine replacement therapy such as allergy to adhesive, serious cardiac arrhythmias (e.g., tachycardia), or vasospastic disease (e.g., Buerger's disease, Prinzmetal's variant angina)
2. Contraindications to varenicline such as hypersensitivity to varenicline or to any ingredient in the formulation or component of the container.
3. Reported previous severe intolerances to nausea or gastrointestinal symptoms.
4. Pregnant, lactating or planning to become pregnant during the study period or refuses a serum beta-HCG test.
5. Current severe renal impairment or currently taking Cimetidine
6. Previous or current seizure disorder and/or is taking anti-epileptic drugs
7. Psychosis and/or is taking anti-psychotic drugs
8. Diagnosed with severe major depressive episode requiring hospitalization within the past 12 months, previous psychiatric inpatient admission for any cause within the past 12 months, suicide attempt within the past 12 months active or current suicidal ideations as assessed by the BDI-II.
9. Current use of bupropion, varenicline or any nicotine replacement therapy.
10. Use of substances (e.g., crack cocaine) that would interfere with a participant's ability to adhere to the study schedule; determined by site coordinator's discretion.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

Diagnosis of Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder Current Cigarette Smoker or History of Chronic Cigarette smoking Age 18-65 Currently taking antipsychotic medication

Exclusion Criteria:

prior history of hospitalization for acute myocardial infarction or stroke, or persistent angina pectoris with current symptoms Patients who have previously tried varenicline and have stopped taking it because of side-effects of severe nausea or vomiting suicide attempt in the last year and or have had prominent or serious suicidal thoughts in the past year Women who are pregnant, nursing, or unable to use reliable contraception significant renal impairment(Creatinine ≥ 1.5) baseline Hamilton Depression Scores is \>20
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18-64
* Regular ten cigarette per day smoker for one year
* Nicotine Dependency Score greater than or equal to four
* DSM-IV Diagnosis of Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective disorder
* Psychiatric medication regimen unchanged for at least 90 days
* Psychiatric medication dosage unchanged for at least 30 days

Exclusion Criteria:

* Psychiatric hospitalization in last 6 months
* Meets criteria for current Major Depressive Disorder or has a score of greater than 10 on the Calgary Depression Scale (see withdrawal criteria)
* Suicide or homicide ideation with a plan in the last six months
* Life time history of suicide attempt
* Has had a diagnosis of Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective disorder for less than three years
* Current treatment with Bupropion SR
* DSM-IV diagnosis of alcohol or substance dependence within last 6 months\*
* DSM-IV diagnosis of alcohol or substance abuse within three months \*
* Pregnancy or lactation in females (+HCG)
* Use of tobacco product other than cigarettes
* Use of nicotine replacements
* Unstable or serious medical condition in last 6 months
* Regular use of cimetidine (OTC or Rx) \*Substance abuse/dependency exclusions do not apply to abuse of or dependence on nicotine.

Answer: C