Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Phase I/II Dose-Escalation Trial of Vitamin D3 With Calcium Supplementation in Patients With Multiple Sclerosis
Brief Summary: Vitamin D likely plays a role in the geography of Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and patients at risk and with MS have relatively low Vitamin D levels compared to their normal counterparts.

This trial examines the safety of high dose oral Vitamin D3 titrated up to a maximum of 40,000 IU per day over a 12 month period. Fifty patients matched for MS and non-MS characteristics will be divided into two groups: one group receiving the high dose Vitamin D regimen, and the other restricted to a maximum of 4000 IU per day. The hypothesis is that patients with MS can tolerate seemingly high doses of Vitamin D3 without adverse events and/or calcium-related abnormalities. It is also hypothesized that those receiving the higher doses will demonstrate improved relapse and disability status compared to controls, and that the treatment group will show improved markers of bone health and immune indicators of reduced inflammation.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. 1 to 11 month old infants living in the study area
2. caretakers are willing to give consent to take part in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

1. the family is likely to migrate out of the study area within the next 18 months
2. the child has been diagnosed with rickets or known to have received a course of vitamin D treatment in the past 3 monDths.
3. Child with Kwashiorkor or Marasmus.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children of either sex aged 3 - 59 months, with a clinical diagnosis of severe pneumonia with or without diarrhea.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Known case of hypercalcaemia or allergy to vitamin D, as determined by history or previous medical records.
2. Congenital Heart disease, evidenced by clinical exam or past medical records.
3. Renal or hepatic insufficiency, evidenced by clinical exams or past medical records.
4. Known case of tuberculosis, evidenced by medical records
5. Known case of asthma, evidenced by history and clinical exam findings.
6. Critically ill children requiring ICU care, such as those with septic shock or cardiac arrest or apnoea.
7. Received vitamin D or calcium supplementation within the last 4 weeks before current admission, as evidenced by history or medical prescription.
8. Any children diagnosed as hypernatraemia during the main phase of the study.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinically definite MS
* Age 18-55
* EDSS 0-6.5

Exclusion Criteria:

* EDSS =\> 7.0
* Current Vitamin D3 use \>4000 IU/d
* Baseline (25(OH)D) level \<20 mmol/L (frank deficiency) and \>150 mmol/L
* Pregnancy or inability/unwillingness to use contraception
* History of cardiac arrhythmia
* History of renal disease and nephrolithiasis
* History of granulomatous disease or lymphoma
* Relapse activity or steroid use in the past 60 days
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children diagnosed clinically with pneumonia according to the World Health Organization criteria of severity.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children who have clinical signs of rickets.
* Children who have severe illnesses (meningitis, heart or renal disorders, measles)
* Children who have severe malnutrition.
* Children who have endocrine dysfunction, hypercalcemia, hyperthyroidism.
* Children with suspected tuberculosis.
* Children who have received high-dose vitamin D treatment in the past 3 months.
* Children with sufficient or toxic levels of vitamin D.

Answer: C