Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Multicentre, Phase II Study of Oral Lapatinib in Combination With Concurrent Radiotherapy and Cisplatin Versus Radiotherapy and Cisplatin Alone, in Subjects With Stage III, IVA, B Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (SCCHN)
Brief Summary: This is a phase II study comparing the effects of lapatinib versus placebo when administered concurrently with cisplatin and radiotherapy followed by 1 year monotherapy with lapatinib or placebo. The study is designed to evaluate and compare the two treatment groups with respect to complete response rate at 6 months following chemoradiation completion.


Options:
A: Inclusion criteria:

1. Histologically or cytologically confirmed loco-regionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), stage III to IVb
2. Unresected tumour prior to chemo-radiotherapy (CRT)
3. Concomitant CRT completed prior to randomisation
4. After concomitant platinum-based CRT, no evidence of disease (NED) on clinical and radiographic examinations
5. Eastern cooperative oncology group (ECOG) performance status 0 or 1

Exclusion criteria:

1. Prior treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-targeted small molecules, EGFR-targeted antibodies, and/or any investigational agents for HNSCC
2. Patients with smoking history of less than or equal to 10 pack years and with primary tumour site of base of tongue and/or tonsil
3. Any other malignancy (except for simultaneous HNSCC primaries, appropriately treated superficial basal cell skin cancer and surgically cured cervical cancer in situ) unless free of disease for at least five years
4. Known pre-existing Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD)
5. Pregnancy or breast feeding
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Confirmed diagnosis of Stage III or IVa-b (M0) squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx or larynx
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1 (you must be well enough to receive chemoradiation therapy)
* You must be at least 18 years of age
* Your test results must show that your kidneys, liver and blood cells are working adequately and that, if you are female, you are not pregnant
* You must have measurable disease

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cancer of the nasopharynx, sinus, salivary gland or skin
* History of another cancer (other than head and neck) unless treated with curative intent and with no evidence of disease for more than 3 years, with the exception of non-melanoma skin cancer or in situ cervical cancer
* Previous treatment with anti-endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFr) antibody therapy or EGFr inhibitors
* Previous treatment for head and neck cancer, with chemotherapy, surgery (except nodal sampling or biopsy) or radiotherapy
* Clinically significant cardiovascular disease (including myocardial infarction, unstable angina, symptomatic congestive heart failure, serious uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia) within one year before you join the study
* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (pneumonia or respiratory decompensation) resulting in hospitalization within 6 months of study screening
* History or evidence of interstitial lung disease (e.g. pneumonitis or pulmonary fibrosis)
* Major surgery within 28 days of screening
C: Inclusion:

* Patients must have metastatic and/or recurrent SCCHN that has been previously treated with cetuximab.
* Undetectable baseline serum IL-6 NOTE : This eligibility criterion applies only to patients enrolling to the second, biomarker-enrichment stage of the trial.
* Measurable disease per RECIST 1.1.
* Unlimited prior treatment with radiation or chemoradiotherapy
* Any number of prior regimens for recurrent or metastatic SCCHN (i.e. palliative treatment) including cetuximab or other EGFR inhibitor
* Age \>18 years
* ECOG performance status \<2 (Karnofsky \>60%, see Appendix A).
* Life expectancy of greater than 12 weeks.
* Patients must have normal organ and marrow function as defined below:

  1. absolute neutrophil count \>1,200/µL
  2. platelets \>100,000/µL
  3. total bilirubin within normal institutional limits
  4. AST(SGOT)/ALT(SGPT) \< 2.5 X institutional upper limit of normal
  5. Creatinine up to 1.5 X normal institutional limits
* Ability to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed Consent document.
* Patients should not be taking concomitant medication that are CYP3A4 inducers or potent inhibitors and should try to avoid taking proton pump inhibitors and H2 antagonists during rest of treatment period. The above medications will be continued only if medically necessary and their use will be noted.
* Sexually active women of childbearing potential must use an effective method of birth control during the course of the study, in a manner such that risk of failure is minimized. Prior to study enrollment, women of childbearing potential (WOCBP) must be advised of the importance of avoiding pregnancy during trial participation and the potential risk factors for an unintentional pregnancy. In addition, men enrolled on this study should understand the risks to any sexual partner of childbearing potential and should practice an effective method of birth control. All WOCBP MUST have a negative pregnancy test prior to first receiving investigational product. If the pregnancy test is positive, the patient must not receive investigational product and must not be enrolled in the study. In addition, all WOCBP should be instructed to contact the Investigator immediately if they suspect they might be pregnant (e.g., missed or late menstrual period) at any time during study participation.

Exclusion:

* Patients who have not recovered from adverse events due to prior agents. A minimum interval of 3 weeks should have elapsed from prior chemotherapy other than cetuximab. A minimum of 12 weeks should have elapsed from prior definitive radiotherapy, and a minimum of 1 week should have elapsed from prior palliative radiotherapy.
* Patients may not have received an investigational agent within 4 weeks of starting this trial.
* Patients with untreated brain metastases should be excluded from this clinical trial.
* History of allergic reactions to monoclonal antibodies.
* Inability to swallow oral medications (unless patients use a feeding tube in which case they are eligible).
* Uncontrolled angina or uncontrolled hypertension or any history of clinically significant ventricular arrhythmias (such as ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or Torsades de pointes).
* Prolonged QTc interval on pre-entry electrocardiogram (\> 450 msec) on the Bazett's correction.
* Diagnosed or suspected congenital long QT syndrome.
* Patients currently taking drugs that are generally accepted to have a risk of causing Torsades de Pointes including: quinidine, procainamide, disopyramide, amiodarone, sotalol, ibutilide, dofetilide, erythromycins, clarithromycin, chlorpromazine, haloperidol, mesoridazine, thioridazine, pimozide, cisapride, bepridil, droperidol, methadone, arsenic, chloroquine, domperidone, halofantrine, levomethadyl, pentamidine, sparfloxacin, lidoflazine.
* Any other uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, ongoing or active infection, symptomatic congestive heart failure, or psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements.
* History of significant bleeding disorder unrelated to cancer, including: diagnosed congenital bleeding disorders (e.g., von Willebrand's disease), diagnosed acquired bleeding disorder within one year (e.g., acquired anti-factor VIII antibodies).
D: Inclusion criteria:

* Willing and able to sign a written informed consent;
* Histologically confirmed diagnosis of SCCHN of one or more of the following sites:

oral cavity, oropharynx, hypopharynx and larynx;

Multiple primary tumours will:

Have to be histologically proven; Have to be anatomically distant and surrounded by normal tissue; Exclude distant metastasis.

* Prior to enrolment subjects must have ErbB1 over-expression determined by immunohistochemistry (IHC) 3+ as assessed by a central laboratory;
* Subjects with stage III and IVA/IVB disease, who are to receive cisplatin chemotherapy and radiation therapy as primary treatment (total dose 65 - 70 Gy); Subjects with any Tis, T1 or T2 disease regardless of N stage, are excluded. Subjects with distant metastases, ie Stage IVC, are excluded.
* Willing and able to have a tumour biopsy taken at screening; For patients who have had prior tumour biopsy, an adequate archived specimen must be available.
* Male or female ≥18 years of age;

Criteria for female subjects or female partners of male subjects:

Non-child-bearing potential (i.e., women with functioning ovaries who have a GM2005/00448/00 CONFIDENTIAL EGF105884 22 current documented tubal ligation or hysterectomy, or women who are postmenopausal); Child-bearing potential (i.e., women with functioning ovaries and no documented impairment of oviductal or uterine function that would cause sterility.) This category includes women with oligomenorrhoea (severe), women who are perimenopausal, and young women who have begun to menstruate. These subjects must have a negative serum pregnancy test at screening and agree to one of the following: Complete abstinence from intercourse from 2 weeks prior to administration of the first dose of study medication until 28 days after the final dose of study medication; or Consistent and correct use of one of the following acceptable methods of birth control: male partner who is sterile prior to the female subject's entry into the study and is the sole sexual partner for that female subject; implants of levonorgestrel; injectable progestogen; any intrauterine device (IUD) with a documented failure rate of less than

1% per year; oral contraceptives (either combined or progestogen only); or barrier methods, including diaphragm or condom with a spermicide.

* ECOG performance status 0, 1 or 2;
* Subjects must have adequate haematological, renal and hepatic function; Calculated creatinine clearance ≥50 ml/min as determined by the modified method of Cockcroft and Gault or by the EDTA method. Absolute neutrophil count ≥1,500/μl, platelets ≥100,000/μl. Haemoglobin ≥9gm/dL (5mmol/L). Aspartate (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) less than 4 times the upper limit of the normal range (ULN). Total bilirubin ≤2.0 mg/dL.
* Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) within the institutional normal ranges as measured by echocardiogram (ECHO) or Multigated Acquisition (MUGA) scan;
* Able to swallow tablets whole or swallow a suspension of tablets dissolved in water at study inclusion; The use and timing of feeding tube is optional. If necessary, the suspension may be administered via percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), percutaneous jejunostomy tube (J- Tube), or a nasogastric tube (NG or Dobhoff type tube).
* Life expectancy of at least 6 months in the best judgment of the investigator.

Exclusion criteria:

* Nasopharyngeal, paranasal sinuses or nasal cavity tumours;
* Any prior or current treatment for invasive head and neck cancer of any kind. This will include but is not limited to: prior tyrosine kinase inhibitors, prior neoadjuvant therapy, prior surgical resection, or use of any investigational agent;
* Concurrent use of CYP3A4 inducers or inhibitors. A standard 3-day course of dexamethasone for the prevention of cisplatin-induced nausea and vomiting is permitted;
* Subjects with known history of uncontrolled or symptomatic angina, arrhythmias, or congestive heart failure;
* History of another malignancy within the last 5 years, with the exception of completely resected basal or squamous cell skin cancer, or successfully treated in-situ carcinoma. History of non-invasive lesion or in-situ carcinoma, including in the head and neck region that was successfully treated with surgery, photodynamics or laser, will be permitted;
* Peripheral neuropathy ≥ grade 2;
* Pregnant or lactating females (female subjects of child-bearing potential will undertake pregnancy testing at screening and during study completion/withdrawal visits);
* Malabsorption syndrome, disease significantly affecting GI function, that could affect absorption of lapatinib;
* History of allergic reactions to appropriate antiemetics (e.g. 5-HT3 antagonists) to be administered with platinum chemotherapy;
* The investigator considers the subject unfit for the study as a result of the medical interview, physical examinations, or screening investigations;

Answer: D