Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Diaphragm Release Manual Technique Efficacy on Diaphragmatic Mobility, Respiratory Muscle Strength and Exercise Performance in COPD Patients: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The aims of this study are to evaluate the effects of Diaphragm Release Manual Technique on diaphragm mobility, chest wall kinematics and functional capacity of COPD patients. Methods: Randomized controlled trial (double blinded) with COPD patients, allocated in two group: intervention (IG) who will receive the Diaphragm Release manual technique on 6 non-consecutive sessions and control group (CG), who will receive a sham protocol (light touch) with the same parameters of IG. Outcomes will be evaluated as: immediate and post treatment effects (after 1 and 6 sessions respectively). The primary outcome analysed will be the diaphragm displacement (ultrasonography evaluation) and secondary outcomes will comprise abdominal and chest wall kinematics.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* the patients with clinical diagnosis of COPD presenting FEV1/FVC \< 70% and FEV1 \< 80% predicted by pulmonary function observed and were classified as patients with moderate to very severe obstruction (RABE et al., 2008),
* clinically stable with no history infection or exacerbation of the respiratory symptoms or
* a change in medication for two months preceding the study.
* the patients were non oxygen dependent, smokers or former smokers.

Exclusion Criteria:

* patients with clinical diagnosis of COPD presenting FEV1/FVC ≥ 70% FEV1 ≥ 80% predicted (RABE et al., 2008)
* who present respiratory, cardiac, rheumatic, musculoskeletal, orthopedic and neuromuscular disorders associated that may prevent them of the testing and intervention proposed,
* that are experiencing swelling in lower limbs,
* that change the type of medication during the study,
* uncontrolled hypertension patients,
* saturation below 90% at rest and
* did not agree to sign the formal consent form proposed.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* CPOD patients
* ex-smokers
* clinically stable patients (no exacerbation in the previous 6 weeks)
* forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) \< than 80% predicted
* FEV1/FVC ≤ 0.7, post bronchodilator

Exclusion Criteria:

* cardiopulmonary diseases
* BMI \> 30.0 kg/m2
* History of thoracic surgery
* Denial to participate
C: Inclusion criteria:

1. diagnosed with moderate COPD with moderate acute exacerbation
2. over 65 years of age
3. conscious clear
4. with shortness of breath or dyspnea that was not caused by heart disease, pneumothorax, or pulmonary edema
5. had received bronchodilator aerosol therapy or antibiotic treatment, but had not been treated with an antitussive

Exclusion Criteria:

1. unstable vital signs
2. blood oxygen concentration lower than 90%
3. unstable psychological status, hemoptysis, pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, or using the respirator
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Clinically stable COPD with diagnosis of forced expiratory volume at one second(FEV1)/forced vital capacity(FVC) \< 70%

Exclusion Criteria:

Cancer Unstable heart disease Neuromusculoskeletal disorder mental disorder Active smokers

Answer: B