Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Subacute and Chronic, Non-specific Back and Neck Pain: Cognitive-behavioral Rehabilitation Compared With Traditional Primary Care Concerning Sick-listing and Health-care Visits. A Randomized Controlled Trial, 18-month Follow-up
Brief Summary: BACKGROUND

Non-specific back and neck pain (BNP) dominates sick-listing. A program of cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation for subacute and chronic BNP was compared, with 18-month follow-up, with traditional primary care concerning sick-listing and health-care visits.

METHODS

After stratification to age (44 (years) and younger/45 and older) and subacute/chronic BNP (= full-time sick-listed 43-84/85-730 days respectively), 125 primary-care patients were randomized to a rehabilitation center or continued health-center care. Outcome measures were Return-to-work (=the proportion who regained work ability for at least 30 consecutive days), the proportion with Work ability at different time points, Total sick-listing (expressed in whole days) and the total number of Visits (to physicians, physiotherapists etc.) 1-18 months and corresponding six-month periods. For the analyses were used t-test, z-test, generalized estimating equations and a mixed, linear model.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Chronic back pain for at least 6 months
* Treatment by medication or physical therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

* Acute or life threatening physical illness
* Current alcohol or substance abuse or dependence
* Current psychosis or suicidal ideation treatment by anesthesiology, chiropractic care or surgery
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Working age up to and including 59 years.
2. Sick-listed full-time for BNP for at least 42 days and at most 730 days.
3. Able to manage tolerably well to fill in forms.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Temporary disability pension or disability pension being paid or in preparation.
2. A primary need of action by a hospital specialist.
3. Pregnancy and diseases which would probably make rehabilitation impracticable (for example, advanced pulmonary disease).
4. Whiplash-associated disorders as a primary obstacle to working.
5. Previous rehabilitation at the rehabilitation centre.
6. Other multidisciplinary rehabilitation going on or planned.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Must be at least 19 yrs-old in order to consent to treatment.
2. Must have received at least one diagnosis consistent with chronic pain by a physician at one of the participating primary care clinics.
3. Must have experienced pain most days of the month for 3 months, and although pain may have more than one pain source, all pain must be non-malignant (e.g., not cancer- or HIV-related).
4. Must be able to speak and understand English.
5. Must have a telephone or other avenue of communication for contact regarding the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Must not demonstrate significant cognitive impairment (based on results of a cognitive screener).
2. Must not have current, uncontrolled serious psychological disturbance (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder) or active substance abuse (based on responses to a structured diagnostic interview).
3. Must have minimal literacy skills (i.e., read at the 1st grade level).
4. Must have been stabilized for at least 4 weeks on current pain and psychotropic medication regimen to reduce potential confounds to treatment results.
5. Must not have a surgery scheduled for the intervention period (\~3 months).
6. Must neither be currently receiving a psychosocial treatment for pain (though they may be receiving psychotherapy for non-pain difficulties) nor be a participant in our previous treatment studies.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 60+
* Continuously enrolled in Group Health one year prior to sample pull
* Primary care clinic at selected clinics
* Not in "No Contact File"
* Diagnosis 715xx (Osteoarthritis) in prior three years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not continuously enrolled in Group Health for at least one year
* Medical record information indicates a diagnosis of:

  1. rheumatoid arthritis
  2. obstructive sleep apnea
  3. periodic leg movement disorder
  4. restless leg syndrome
  5. sleep-wake cycle disturbance
  6. rapid eye movement (REM) behavior disorder
  7. dementia or receiving cholinesterase inhibitors
  8. Parkinson's disease or other neurodegenerative disease known to directly impact sleep
  9. cancer in the past year and receiving chemotherapy or radiation therapy in the past year
  10. inpatient treatment for congestive heart failure within the previous 6 months

Answer: B