Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Primary Prevention of Rapid Weight Gain in Early Childhood: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Obesity is one of the biggest threats to health in the 21st century. Rapid weight gain in the first year of life tends to lead to overweight in children, which in turn leads to overweight in adults. This rapid early weight gain occurs most often at weaning when eating patterns emerge. Infant sleep problems also appear to be associated with the risk of becoming overweight, and contribute to maternal post-natal depression. We propose to undertake a 4-arm randomised controlled trial to determine whether extra education and support for families around weaning and development of early food and activity habits, with or without intervention to improve infant sleep, will decrease the current risk patterns of rapid excessive early childhood weight gain in New Zealand. This would provide strong evidence for the value of such a strategy in the long term control of the obesity epidemic and its consequent complications.

This is a two-year intervention with follow-ups at 3.5, 5 and 11 years of age.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children between 2 and 4 years and 11 months of age at the beginning of the study.
* Overweight children, defined as a BMI score of z \> = 1.5 and \< +3 based on the WHO standards.
* The children's parents accept participation in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Families who plan on changing their address during the study.
* Families whose doctor considers them to be inappropriate for participation in the intervention, as with emotional or mental alterations.
* Children who require a special diet for medical reasons or children with limited motor functioning.
B: \*Important: Mother (or caregiver) and child dyads are enrolled together. Both must meet inclusion criteria to participate.

Inclusion Criteria:

Mothers:

* Enrolled in a partnered home visitation program
* Mother or primary caregiver of 2-8 month old child
* BMI above 18.5
* Generally Healthy

Children:

* 2-8 months of age at time of enrollment
* Parent or primary caregiver receiving home visitation services

Exclusion Criteria:

Mothers:

* Any history of an eating or feeding disorder, or obesity related syndrome (such as Prader-Willi)
* Diagnosis of Schizophrenia
* Currently enrolled in a diet and weight loss program, AND either a) significant weight loss of 10+ pounds in the last 6 months, OR b) unwilling to discontinue from current diet and weight loss program.

Infants:

* Infant is clinically underweight (\<5th percentile) or has a history of a feeding or eating disorder
C: Inclusion Criteria:

Caregivers

* Mothers and fathers (biologic/adoptive/step parents/legal guardians) of pediatric cancer survivors
* 18 years or older
* Fluent in English

Pediatric Cancer Survivors

* Diagnosis of cancer
* between 5-13 years of age at study entry
* off active cancer treatment for 6 months to 4 years,
* reside with a participating caregiver
* able to engage in PA tailored to current medical status
* NOT taking medications that affect body weight, e.g., steroids within 6 months of enrollment
* at or above the 85th BMI %ile.

Exclusion Criteria:

Caregivers

* are non-ambulatory
* do not reside with the PCS at least 50% of the time.

Pediatric cancer survivor

* relapse during the intervention
* taken a medication known to affect body weight such as oral steroids or antipsychotic medications within 6 months of enrollment
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Mothers booked for delivery in Dunedin, New Zealand

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women booked after 34 weeks gestation,
* Identified congenital abnormality likely to affect feeding and/or growth
* Home address outside of metropolitan Dunedin or Invercargill,
* Families who are likely to shift out of metropolitan Dunedin or Invercargill in the next 2 years.
* Unable to communicate in English or te reo Maori.

Answer: D