Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Improving Exclusive Breastfeeding Via Mobile Phone Text Messages: a Randomized Controlled Trial in Southern Jordan
Brief Summary: World Health Organization (2001) recommended that infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months and could be continued in the second year of life or longer. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in Jordan is in progressive decline. In 2002 the EBF rate among babies less than 6 months old was 26.7% and unfortunately this rate dropped to 22% in 2007 and to 23% in 2012. In Jordan, 68% of babies receive breast milk within 24 hours of birth and the large majority continues to do so for 12.5 months, but EBF rates are very low. While health and nutrition experts recommend that introduction of complementary foods should start only when an infant is six months old, other liquids such as water, juice, and formula milk are being introduced to most Jordanian infants in the first couple of months . Thus, urgent attention is directed towards improving exclusive breastfeeding rates during the first six months of life.Despite scientific evidence concerning the benefits of breast milk, the practice of EBF is still uncommon in Jordan. Even with the consolidation of numerous strategies to promote breastfeeding and the general public health recommendation that infants should be exclusively breastfed during the first six months of life, the duration of breastfeeding in Jordan is in progressive decline and the percentage of infants exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life is still low and worrisome. A review of previous studies in Jordan, showed that most of these are descriptive studies focused on studying the factors affecting the rate of EBF and the reasons why women stop breastfeeding their children. There is no study on improving EBF for women in Jordan so far. To date there have been no interventions using mobile phones to improve breastfeeding and other feeding practices in Jordan. The aim of this research is to improve the EBF rates and duration through using a mobile phone-based EBF promotion (Text message). A randomized controlled trial with follow-up from recruitment until 6 months post-delivery will be conducted to implement EBF promotion intervention using mobile phone text messages in southern Jordan, and evaluate its impact on breastfeeding practices. The intervention group will receive EBF promotional messages and the control group will receive child health care-related messages (except breastfeeding messages) from the time of discharge until 6 months post delivery.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years of age and older
* speak and write in Arabic language
* could access a mobile phone that could display Arabic language fonts,
* express interest in breastfeeding
* had an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy
* who lived in an area with mobile network coverage

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-Arabic speaking mothers
* who do not express interest in breastfeeding
* had pregnancy complications, a multiple pregnancy, and known medical conditions including mental illness that might hinder breastfeeding.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* More than 18 years or emancipated minor
* Has access to mobile phone
* Self-identifying female sex worker
* Willing to receive study SMS messages
* HIV-positive (any WHO stage or CD4)
* Able to read or have someone else read
* ART naïve
* Informed consent obtained and signed.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Plans to move away in next 6 months
* Contraindication to ART
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Women who deliver a live birth at greater than 28 week's gestation.
* Women desire birth spacing for more than one year
* Women who were holding and /or one of her family hold a cell-phone and accept to receive messages and phone calls to remind her with her contraceptive program

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women who refuse to participate in the study.
* Women aren't able to respond to the questionnaire due to their health status.
* Anticipation of difficulty of subsequent communication with the women
* Women with contraindications of using long acting reversible contraception ( contraindicated if intrauterine device or implant use)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Must have and use a mobile phone
* Enrolled at one of the following clinics: CESFAM El Roble or CESFAM Juan Pablo II.
* Must not have had a Pap test within 3 years or more from recruitment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women who have ever had the diagnosis of cervical cancer.
* Women with a mental or physical disability that inhibits them from understanding the implications of the study or being able to reach the health clinic for an exam.
* Women that are considering relocating within the next year.

Answer: A