Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: euCPSP: European Observational Study on Chronic Post Surgical Pain,PAIN-OUT
Brief Summary: This project a European observational study on the incidence and characteristics of chronic post surgical pain (CPSP).

Research Questions

* What is the incidence of chronic post surgical pain (CPSP) in Europe?
* What are the risk factors of chronic post surgical pain (CPSP) related to surgery, patient and anaesthesia management?
* What are the difference in incidence and risk factors in different European countries?


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 60 ASA I- II adult patients
* 20-60 years old
* elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy
* Body mass index (BMI) less than 35
* Port sites at or above thoracic T 10 dermatome

Exclusion Criteria:

* Allergy to amino-amide local anesthetics
* Presence of coagulopathy
* Local skin infection at the needle puncture sites
* Preoperative chronic dependence upon opioid and NSAID medications
* Liver or renal insufficiency
* History of psychiatric or neurological disease
* Deafness
* previous open surgery that need the conversion of laparoscopic to open surgery or manipulations more than expected with more tissue trauma
* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) above Class II
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male and Female participants providing written informed consent,
* ASA grade 1- 4,
* aged over 18
* undergoing a VATS procedure under General Anaesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

* Absence of informed written consent,
* pre existing infection at block site,-
* severe coagulopathy,
* allergy to local anaesthesia,
* pre existing neurological deficit,
* previous history of opiate abuse,
* pre existing chronic pain condition,
* pre-existing dementia \[because of need to co-operate in completing QoR-15 score day after surgery\].
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient 18 years old and above
* Patient has given consent
* Patient is able to fill in questionnaire on his\\her own, unaided (exceptions are patients who are unable to fill in the questionnaire for technical reasons, e.g. can not write due to the surgery (e.g. their arm in a cast) or unable to see the text (e.g. spectacles not available); patient is in department, available for interview.
* Patient is capable of participating in the CPSP incidence study (i.e. capable to fill the questionnaires on the website at 6 and 12 months after surgery).
* Time of data collection immediately after surgery is POD1 and 24±12 hrs after surgery.
* Patient has not undergone repeat surgery (same organ) during current hospitalization.
* Patient has undergone a surgery included in the appendix 1 list below:

List of surgeries to be included:

Surgery without preoperative pain

1. Thoracotomy for lung cancer
2. Breast surgery for cancer
3. Inguinal hernia repair (laparoscopic)
4. Hysterectomy (laparoscopic)
5. Hysterectomy (open)
6. Hysterectomy (vaginal)
7. Colectomy (laparoscopic)
8. Colectomy (open)
9. Thyroidectomy
10. C section
11. High gastric bypass
12. Laparoscopy
13. Prostatectomy

Surgery with potential preoperative pain

1. Cholecystectomy (laparoscopic)
2. Cholecystectomy (open)
3. Total knee arthroplasty
4. Knee arthroscopy
5. Total hip arthroplasty
6. Extracorporeal circulation auxiliary to open heart surgery
7. Spinal surgery
8. Hip arthrotomy

Exclusion Criteria:

* patient not fulfilling at least one of the inclusion criteria mentioned above
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* undergoing unilateral or bilateral breast surgery with at least moderate postoperative pain anticipated
* analgesic plan includes a single-injection peripheral nerve block(s)
* age 18 years or older.

Exclusion Criteria:

* morbid obesity as defined by a body mass index \> 40 (BMI=weight in kg / \[height in meters\]2)
* renal insufficiency (preoperative creatinine \> 1.5 mg/dL)
* chronic opioid use (daily use within the 2 weeks prior to surgery and duration of use \> 4 weeks)
* history of opioid abuse
* any comorbidity which results in moderate or severe functional limitation
* inability to communicate with the investigators or hospital staff
* pregnancy
* planned regional analgesic with perineural catheter placement
* incarceration

Answer: C