Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Magnetic Seizure Therapy for Schizophrenia
Brief Summary: This trial attempts to evaluate the treatment efficacy of magnetic seizure therapy (MST) and its safety among schizophrenia patients. Half of the participants will be randomized to MST group, while the other half will be randomized to receive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 55-90
* Clinical diagnosis of major depressive episode, in the context of unipolar or bipolar disorder
* Willing and capable to provide informed consent
* Convulsive therapy clinically indicated
* Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HRSD24)≥ 20
* Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE) ≥ 24
* For outpatients: responsible adult living with the patient

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current unstable or serious medical condition, or any comorbid medical condition that substantially increases the risks of ECT (such as acute myocardial infarction, space occupying brain lesion or other cause of increased intracranial pressure, unstable aneurysm or vascular malformation, poorly controlled diabetes mellitus, carcinoma, renal failure, hepatic failure)
* History of neurological disorder, epilepsy, stroke, brain surgery, metal in the head, history of known structural brain lesion
* Presence of devices that may be affected by MST (pacemaker, medication pump, cochlear implant, implanted brain stimulator, or vagus nerve stimulator implanted)
* History of head trauma with loss of consciousness for greater than 5 minutes
* History of schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or rapid cycling bipolar disorder
* History of substance abuse or dependence in past 3 months
* Failure to respond to an adequate course of ECT in the current depressive episode
* History of ECT in the past 6 months and/or failure to respond to an adequate trial of ECT lifetime
* Presence of intracardiac lines
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* ages 18 to 85
* DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive episode with or without psychotic features in the context of MDD or bipolar disorder; OCD or Schizophrenia
* 24-item HRSD score of ≥ 21 (for depression subjects)
* 18-item BPRS score of ≥ 37 (for schizophrenia subjects)
* Y-BOCS score of ≥ 16 (for OCD subjects)
* demonstrate capacity to give informed consent
* are a Canadian resident

Exclusion Criteria:

* have an unstable medical and/or neurological condition
* are currently pregnant or lactating
* are not considered sufficiently well to undergo general anesthesia for any reason
* have a cardiac pacemaker, cochlear implant, implanted electronic device or non-electric metallic implant
* are taking a benzodiazepine at a dose greater than lorazepam 2mg or equivalent
* are taking any non-benzodiazepine anticonvulsant
* have active substance misuse or dependence within the past 3 months
* have a current diagnosis of delirium, dementia or another cognitive disorder secondary to a general medical condition
* have a co-morbid borderline personality disorder and/or antisocial personality disorder
* have had a history of any suicide attempts in the past 6 months
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* inpatients or outpatients
* voluntary and competent to consent to treatment
* DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder, single or recurrent, without psychotic features
* have failed to achieve a clinical response to adequate treatment trials of at least two antidepressants (with adequacy established according to a predefined criterion on the Antidepressant Treatment History Form (ATHF)) or have been unable to tolerate at least two antidepressants
* have a baseline HRSD-24 score ≥ 21
* are considered to be appropriate to receive ECT as assessed by an ECT attending psychiatrist and an anaesthesiologist
* are agreeable to keeping their current antidepressant treatment constant through the duration of the study
* are able to adhere to the intervention schedule
* meet the MST safety criteria
* are on a medically acceptable form of birth control if a woman of child-bearing potential
* are a resident of Canada

Exclusion Criteria:

* have a history of DSM-IV substance dependence or abuse within the past three months
* have a concomitant major unstable medical illness
* are acutely suicidal with imminent intent
* are pregnant or intend to get pregnant during the study
* have a DSM-IV confirmed diagnosis of bipolar disorder, any psychotic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder (current or within the last year)
* have a DSM-IV diagnosis of borderline personality disorder as assessed by a study investigator
* have possible or probable dementia
* have failed a course of ECT within the current depressive episode
* have any significant neurological disorder or condition likely to be associated with increased intracranial pressure or cognitive impairment (e.g., a space occupying brain lesion, a history of stroke, a cerebral aneurysm, a seizure disorder, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's chorea, multiple sclerosis, head trauma with loss of consciousness for greater than or equal to five minutes)
* present with a medical condition, a medication, or a laboratory abnormality that could cause a major depressive episode or significant cognitive impairment in the opinion of the investigator (e.g., hypothyroidism with low TSH, rheumatoid arthritis requiring high dose prednisone, or Cushing's disease)
* have an intracranial implant (e.g., aneurysm clips, shunts, stimulators, cochlear implants, or electrodes) or any other metal object within or near the head, excluding the mouth, that cannot be safely removed
* require a benzodiazepine with a dose equivalent to lorazepam 2 mg/day or higher or any anticonvulsant due to the potential of these medications to limit the efficacy of both MST and ECT
* have an inability to communicate in English fluently enough to complete the neuropsychological tests
* have a non-correctable clinically significant sensory impairment (i.e., cannot hear or see well enough to complete the neuropsychological tests)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. DSM-5 diagnosis of schizophrenia;
2. convulsive therapy clinically indicated, such as severe psychomotor excitement or retardation, attempts of suicide, being highly aggressive, pharmacotherapy intolerance, and ineffectiveness of antipsychotics;
3. the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS)\[20\] score ≥ 60;
4. informed consent in written form.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. diagnosis of other mental disorders;
2. severe physical diseases, such as stroke, heart failure, liver failure, neoplasm, and immune deficiency;
3. present with a laboratory abnormality that could impact on efficacy of treatments or safety of participants;
4. failure to respond to an adequate trial of ECT lifetime;
5. are pregnant or intend to get pregnant during the study;
6. other conditions that investigators consider to be inappropriate to participate in this trial.

Answer: D