Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Study of the Effect of Ready-cooked Meals Containing Cocoa Extract, as a Potential Functional Ingredient, on Cardiovascular Risk Markers in Older Population
Brief Summary: Obesity prevalence in elderly populations has increased in the last years, and the reduction of overweight and obesity is a priority target in populations of all age ranges worldwide. Obesity is a disease frequently accompanied by a pro-inflammatory state, in which metabolic functions may be compromised, and therefore there is a risk of developing comorbidities such as type-2 diabetes, hyperlipidemias, hypertension, atherosclerosis, etc. In this context, plant extracts are a good source of antioxidant compounds. Among these compounds, polyphenols have been shown to have an important antioxidant effect. Scientific evidence based on epidemiological studies suggest that flavonoids from the diet play an important role on the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Cocoa and related products are an important source of flavonoids, providing even more than tea or wine. Generally, benefits associated to cocoa consumption are related to the ability for improving lipid profile and insulin sensitivity, reducing blood pressure, platelet activity and improving endothelial dysfunction. Some studies have also shown an improvement of inflammatory conditions, mainly due to the capacity of the polyphenols contained to modify cellular transcription, and the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, macrophages and lymphocytic strains. Therefore, the hypothesis of this study is that the consumption of cocoa extract-enriched prepared meals, within a hypocaloric diet, will help to reduce body weight and to improve cardiovascular risk factors compared to the same diet with standard prepared meals.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Inofolic NRT; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Inofolic NRT | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Inofolic NRT; Assigned to Arm(s): Inofolic NRT
B: Arm Label: control group, placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Cocoa extract | Arm Label: Intervention group, cocoa extract; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Cocoa extract | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Cocoa extract; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention group, cocoa extract, control group, placebo
C: Arm Label: Theobromine drink; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Theobromine | Arm Label: Cocoa drink; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Cocoa | Arm Label: Placebo drink; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Placebo | Arm Label: Cocoa and theobromine drink; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Cocoa and theobromine | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Theobromine; Assigned to Arm(s): Theobromine drink | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Cocoa; Assigned to Arm(s): Cocoa drink | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Cocoa and theobromine; Assigned to Arm(s): Cocoa and theobromine drink | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo drink
D: Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Effects of dark chocolate; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A

Answer: B