Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Diet, Obesity and Genes
Brief Summary: Study Title: Diogenes, A randomised controlled trial comparing the effect of reduced-fat diets varying in glycaemic index (high vs. low) and protein content (high vs. normal) on bodyweight in overweight and obese subjects after an initial weight loss.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* high risk for gestational diabetes
* fasting glucose 4.8-5.5 mmol/l and 2-hour glucose of OGTT \<7.8 mmol/l

Exclusion Criteria:

* normal glucose tolerance at weeks 8-12
* gestational diabetes at weeks 8-12
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* be between the ages of 18-60 years old
* be a non-smoker
* live in the Chapel Hill, NC area
* be able to attend monitoring visits at baseline, 3-months, and 6-months
* have access to the Internet and a computer
* have access to an Internet-capable mobile device (such as an iPhone, iPod Touch, or Blackberry) and an MP3 player (this may be the same device)
* have access to a scale for self-monitoring weight
* be willing to be randomized to either group
* be free of psychiatric diseases, drug or alcohol dependency, or uncontrolled thyroid conditions
* be free of major health conditions, such as heart conditions, diabetes, and past incidence of stroke
* have MD consent for participation if currently on blood pressure medications, have issues with dizziness, or have bone or joint issues.
* able to prepare all their own meals (i.e. not living on-campus)

Exclusion Criteria:

* should not be pregnant, anticipating on becoming pregnant in the next 7 months, or currently breastfeeding
* be free of an eating disorder as screened by the Eating disorder Screen for Primary care \[ESP\].
* no current participation in a weight loss program or taking weight loss medications (although participants may be trying to lose weight on their own)
* have not participated in previous podcasting weight loss research
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Families with healthy adults and children

Exclusion Criteria:

* Various
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 18 and ≤ 65 years of age
* HIV positive, on a stable combination antiretroviral regimen for \> 6 months, including but not limited to either 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) or protease inhibitor (PI), or a triple NRTI regimen
* Ability and motivation to modify behavior and make lifestyle changes
* NCEP-Adult Treatment Panel III defined metabolic syndrome, as defined by 3 out of 5 of the following: 1) Waist circumference greater than 102 cm (40 in) in men and 88 cm (35 in) in women, 2) Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL or current anti-lipolytic drug treatment, 3) high-density lipoprotein less than 40mg/dL in men and 50 mg/dL in women, 4) Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or current antihypertensive drug treatment, 5) Fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any new serious opportunistic infection within the past 6 weeks
* History of unstable angina, aortic stenosis, uncontrolled hypertension, severe neuropathy, arthritis or other contraindication to exercise
* Current therapy with insulin or other diabetic agent, fasting blood sugar \> 126
* Requiring parenteral nutrition or parenteral glucocorticoid therapy or oral glucocorticoid therapy
* Estrogen, progestational derivative, or ketoconazole use within 3 months
* New antiretroviral regimen in the past 6 months
* Serum creatinine \> 1.5 mg/dL (males) and 1.4 mg/dL (females), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase-liver function (SGPT), \> 2.5 upper limit of normal (ULN), Lactate \> 2.0 ULN, hemoglobin \< 10.0 mg/dL
* Current substance and/or alcohol abuse
* Known hypersensitivity to Metformin
* Congestive heart failure requiring pharmacologic treatment
* Use of cimetidine or planned use during the study period
* Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
* Pregnant or actively seeking pregnancy, breastfeeding
* Testosterone use for non-physiologic purposes, or physiologic testosterone replacement for \< 3 months.
* Presence of active AIDS including cancers
* Current viral, bacterial or other infections (excluding HIV)
* Weight loss in the past 3 months of greater than 10 pounds
* Nitrates or other medications that can alter endothelial function
* Contraindication to beta blocker or nitroglycerin use
* Patients with previous allergic reactions to iodine-containing contrast media or to iodine

Answer: C