Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: The ability to control our blood glucose (sugar) concentrations after a meal is a strong predictor of the risk of disease. Our bodies respond to glucose ingestion by reducing the amount of glucose from the liver entering the bloodstream. At the same time muscle increases the amount of glucose it take up from the bloodstream. This ensures that our blood glucose levels do not get too high. The investigators want to understand what happens to these processes following exercise after breakfast and after an overnight fast. In addition, the investigators also want to understand whether exercising with or without breakfast influences our appetite, food intake and activity levels later in the day.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Males.
* Aged 18-49.
* Individuals free from known cardiovascular, metabolic or joint disease as determined by standard health questionnaire.
* Habitual regularly participating in exercise (minimum of 3 sessions per week on average)
* Non-smoker

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known or suspected food intolerances, allergies or hypersensitivity.
* Any bleeding disorder or taking medication which impacts blood coagulation.
* Known tendency towards keloid scarring.
* Known sensitivity or allergy to any local anaesthetic medicines.
* Any reported use of substances which may pose undue personal risk to participants or introduce bias into the experiment.
* Any other condition or behaviour deemed either to pose undue personal risk to participants or introduce bias into the experiment.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Type 2 diabetics for \< 10yr
2. HbA1C: 7-9 %
3. BMI: 22 to 35 kg/m2)
4. Age: ≥30 and ≤70 years of age
5. Habitually eat breakfast
6. Naïve or treated with oral antidiabetic drugs and those with anti-hypertensive and lipid-lowering medication
7. Those treated with insulin or GLP-1 analogs or having major liver, heart or kidney illnesses will be excluded.
8. Usually wake up between 06:00 and 07:00 and go to sleep between 22:00 and 24:00.
9. Not dieting and no change in body weight \>10 lb = 4.5 kg within the last 6 months
10. Stable physical activity pattern during the three months immediately preceding study initiation
11. Normal liver and kidney function 12 No metabolic disease other then diabetes

13. Usually wakes up between 05:00 and 07:00 and goes to sleep between 22:00 and 24:00.

15. Normal TSH and FT4 levels 16. Acceptable health based on interview, medical history, physical examination, and laboratory tests 17. Those who provide signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Type 1 diabetes
2. Pulmonary disease, psychiatric, immunological, neoplastic diseases or severe diabetic complications, such as cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, gastroparesis or underwent bariatric surgery.
3. Abnormal liver function tests defined as an increase by a factor of at least 2 above the upper normal limit of alanine aminotransferase and/or aspartate
4. Anemia (Hg \> 10g/dL)
5. Serum creatinine level \> 1.5 mg/dl
6. Pregnant or lactating
7. Participating in another dietary program or use of weight-loss medications
8. Documented or suspected history (within one year) of illicit drug abuse or alcoholism.
9. Use of psychotropic or anoretic medication during the month immediately prior to study onset

13.Work shifts within the last 5 years and did not cross time zones within the last month of the study.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Are a new patient at the UAB Weight Loss Medicine Clinic
* Aged 25-75 years old
* BMI between 30-60 kg/m2 (inclusive)
* Weigh less than 450 lbs
* Wake up regularly between 4-9 am on most days.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed with diabetes, have an HbA1c of ≥6.5%, or are on diabetes medication
* On weight loss medication
* Addition of or withdrawal from a chronic medication within the past 10 weeks
* Clinically significant laboratory abnormality (e.g., abnormal hemoglobin levels)
* Significant gastrointestinal disease, major gastrointestinal surgery, or gallstones
* Significant cardiovascular, renal, cardiac, liver, lung, adrenal, or nervous system disease that might compromise the participant's safety or data validity
* Evidence of cancer (other than non-melanoma skin cancer) within the last 5 years
* Unstable psychiatric, sleep, or circadian conditions (common conditions such as sleep apnea and depression are acceptable as long as they are stabilized and not rapidly worsening)
* Lost or gained more than 5 lbs of weight in the past month
* Currently perform overnight shift work more than once per week on average
* Regularly eat within a less than 10-hour period each day
* Regularly eat dinner before 6 pm
* Traveled more than two time zones away in the two months prior to enrolling in the trial
* Will travel more than one time zone away during the study
* Pregnant or breastfeeding
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Ability to provide informed consent.
* Chinese. (Both parents must be Chinese)
* Age above 21 years old. This study will focus only on adult subjects, and 21 years old is chosen as the age cut off, as it is the recognised legal age of independent consent.
* BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant, or any possibility of being pregnant (based on last menstrual period).
* Lactation.
* Age above 70 years old and/or suffering from cancer, diabetes, or any major cardiovascular disease, respiratory, psychiatric or musculoskeletal morbidity.
* Currently dieting or losing weight
* Unable to tolerate or complete two consecutive days of fasting during a two-day trial before recruitment.
* Unwilling to be randomised into intervention or control group.

Answer: A