Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Self-Expandable Esophageal Radiation Stent:a Multicentric Randomized Controlled Trial in Patients With Advanced Esophageal Cancer
Brief Summary: Esophageal cancer is common in some areas , ranking as the fourth leading cause of death from cancer in China and sixth worldwide. Although the prognosis of surgical resection for esophageal cancer has been improved, more than 50% of such patients are inoperable and have to undergo palliative treatments because of late stage cancer or metastasis. Dysphagia is the predominate symptom of patients with inoperable esophageal cancer. To relieve the dysphagia and improve the quality of life of such patients, brachytherapy has previously been utilized. Recently, stent placement has been widely accepted to be an option for palliation of the symptoms due to the esophageal strictures. Brachytherapy and esophageal self-expanding stent insertion have longer benefit. Stent insertion provides fastest improvement of dysphagia.However, recurrence of the neoplastic stricture remains a challenge after stent placement, complications in later setting occur and require further endoscopic treatment. Brachytherapy has slower onset of benefit but has fewer complications and longer benefit.To combine the advantages of the immediate relief of the esophageal dysphagia with the stent placement and radiation therapy with brachytherapy, a novel esophageal stent loaded with 125I seeds has been developed in the authors' institute. The technical feasibility and safety with this new stent has been demonstrated to be adequate in a healthy rabbit model. And a small-sample and unicentric prior clinical trial in the authors' institute certificated the novel esophageal stent can relieve the dysphagia caused by advanced esophageal cancer rapidly and improve the quality of life markedly. This current multicentric randomized clinical trial is further studying the novel esophageal stent loaded with 125I seeds to see how well they work compared with a conventional covered stent in patients with malignant dysphagia caused by advanced esophageal cancer.


Options:
A: Arm Label: novel stent; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: novel stent | Arm Label: conventional covered stent; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: conventional covered stent | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: novel stent; Assigned to Arm(s): novel stent | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: conventional covered stent; Assigned to Arm(s): conventional covered stent
B: Arm Label: Regimen A; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: filgrastim, Drug: cyclophosphamide, Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride, Drug: etoposide, Drug: ifosfamide, Drug: vincristine sulfate, Procedure: adjuvant therapy, Procedure: conventional surgery, Procedure: neoadjuvant therapy, Radiation: brachytherapy, Radiation: radiation therapy | Arm Label: Regimen B; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: filgrastim, Drug: cyclophosphamide, Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride, Drug: etoposide, Drug: ifosfamide, Drug: vincristine sulfate, Procedure: adjuvant therapy, Procedure: conventional surgery, Procedure: neoadjuvant therapy, Radiation: brachytherapy, Radiation: radiation therapy | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: filgrastim; Assigned to Arm(s): Regimen A, Regimen B | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: cyclophosphamide; Assigned to Arm(s): Regimen A, Regimen B | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: doxorubicin hydrochloride; Assigned to Arm(s): Regimen A, Regimen B | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: etoposide; Assigned to Arm(s): Regimen A, Regimen B | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: ifosfamide; Assigned to Arm(s): Regimen A, Regimen B | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: vincristine sulfate; Assigned to Arm(s): Regimen A, Regimen B | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: adjuvant therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Regimen A, Regimen B | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: conventional surgery; Assigned to Arm(s): Regimen A, Regimen B | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: neoadjuvant therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Regimen A, Regimen B | Intervention Type: RADIATION; Name: brachytherapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Regimen A, Regimen B | Intervention Type: RADIATION; Name: radiation therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Regimen A, Regimen B
C: Arm Label: Group 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: dactinomycin, Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride, Drug: etoposide, Drug: ifosfamide, Drug: vincristine sulfate, Procedure: conventional surgery, Radiation: radiation therapy | Arm Label: Group 2, arm I; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: dactinomycin, Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride, Drug: etoposide, Drug: ifosfamide, Drug: vincristine sulfate, Procedure: conventional surgery, Radiation: radiation therapy | Arm Label: Group 2, arm II; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: dactinomycin, Drug: busulfan, Drug: doxorubicin hydrochloride, Drug: etoposide, Drug: ifosfamide, Drug: melphalan, Drug: vincristine sulfate, Procedure: autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, Procedure: conventional surgery, Radiation: radiation therapy | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: dactinomycin; Assigned to Arm(s): Group 1, Group 2, arm I, Group 2, arm II | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: busulfan; Assigned to Arm(s): Group 2, arm II | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: doxorubicin hydrochloride; Assigned to Arm(s): Group 1, Group 2, arm I, Group 2, arm II | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: etoposide; Assigned to Arm(s): Group 1, Group 2, arm I, Group 2, arm II | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: ifosfamide; Assigned to Arm(s): Group 1, Group 2, arm I, Group 2, arm II | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: melphalan; Assigned to Arm(s): Group 2, arm II | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: vincristine sulfate; Assigned to Arm(s): Group 1, Group 2, arm I, Group 2, arm II | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; Assigned to Arm(s): Group 2, arm II | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: conventional surgery; Assigned to Arm(s): Group 1, Group 2, arm I, Group 2, arm II | Intervention Type: RADIATION; Name: radiation therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Group 1, Group 2, arm I, Group 2, arm II
D: Arm Label: single arm with Tremelimumab; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Tremelimumab | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Tremelimumab; Assigned to Arm(s): single arm with Tremelimumab

Answer: A