Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Treatment of Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome With Clonidine Versus Morphine as Primary Therapy
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to show non-inferiority between two medications used for medical treatment of withdrawal seen in Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome (NAS), Clonidine and Morphine Sulfate (used in routine care) on length of treatment for NAS .


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria: Eligible subjects are infants currently in the NICU or Newborn Nursery at University of Massachusetts Memorial Hospital or at Magee Women's Hospital of UPMC and:

* Full-term infants (≥37 wks gestational age)
* Newborns at risk for NAS due to opioid-exposure in utero
* At-risk infants will be infants who present with confirmed meconium and/or urine toxicology report and/or documented medical record for opioids (e.g., methadone, buprenorphine/subutex, oxycodone, heroin); may also have prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines, barbiturates, amphetamines, cannabinoids, alcohol, nicotine and/or caffeine.

Exclusion Criteria: Eligible infants meeting the inclusion criteria above will be excluded from participation in the study if he/she:

* Born less than \<37weeks.
* Has a clinically significant congenital abnormality
* Has a clinically significant fetal anomaly
* Has hydrocephalus or intraventricular hemorrhage \>grade 2
* Has a seizure disorder not related to drug withdrawal
* Has a clinically significant cardiac shunt
* Has anemia (hemoglobin\<8g/dL)
* Requires mechanical respiratory support
* Has MRSA or infection at time of the study
B: * neonates born at gestational age of 35 weeks or greater
* neonates aged 0 to 14 days
* prenatally exposed to opioids
* severe NAS defined as 2 consecutive modified Finnegan Scores (MFS) \> or = 9

Exclusion Criteria:

* \< 35 weeks gestational age
* Intrauterine growth retardation defined as \<5%tile of gestational age
* postnatal treatment with barbiturates or benzodiazepines,
* major congenital anomalies
* major concomitant medical illness requiring oxygen therapy, intravenous fluids or medications.
* breastfed infants
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Current opioid dependence
* Current opioid use, as determined by a urine drug test
* Pregnant with a single child with a gestational age of 6 to 30 weeks, as determined by a sonogram

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current medical condition that would make study participation dangerous, as determined by study physician
* Diagnosed with an acute, severe psychiatric illness
* Current SCID I-E module diagnosis of benzodiazepine or alcohol abuse
* Use of alcohol or benzodiazepines in the 30 days prior to study entry, as determined by the Addiction Severity Index
* Pending legal action that may prohibit or interfere with study participation
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Born at Cooper University Hospital
* Greater than or equal to 35 weeks gestation age
* Admitted to the NICU or Transitional nursery
* Mothers admitted to using illicit substances or prescription medications (which can result in withdrawal symptoms) while pregnant and/or had a positive urine drug screen during pregnancy.
* Babies being started on medication to control withdrawal symptoms of NAS.
* No congenital anomalies or neurologic condition (i.e. hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, seizures, meningitis etc.)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Premature infants \<35 week gestational age
* Infants with major congenital abnormalities
* Blood pressure instability
* Major medical conditions

Answer: D