Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: Background: Increase in skin colonization of Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in atopic dermatitis patients (AD) resulted from the reduction of cathelicidin production in these patients plays the important role in pathogenesis of this disease. Recently in vivo study has showed that vitamin D can stimulate cathelicidin production. Oral supplement of vitamin D might be beneficial in atopic dermatitis.

Objective: To determine the effect of oral vitamin D supplement on clinical impact including skin colonization of S. aureus in atopic dermatitis patients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Eligible criteria included patients with mild to moderate atopic dermatitis by SCORAD (Scoring for Atopic Dermatitis) score criteria1,17,18, age between 1-18 years old. All patients had been advised to take normal, dietary product and their activities. They had been advised to discontinue at least 4 weeks of oral corticosteroid, at least 2 weeks of topical corticosteroid or topical calcineurin inhibitor application and at least 6 months of vitamin supplement prior to starting the protocol

Exclusion Criteria:

* The exclusion criteria were to coexisting skin infection on top with AD lesions, known case of primary or secondary immune-compromised host, hepatic or renal disease, those taking vitamin D or nutraceutical supplementation, those continues taking with antibiotics, corticosteroid, immunosuppressive agents, anti-epileptic drugs, thiazide diuretics, proton-pump inhibitors, histamine 2-receptor antagonists at the time of enrollment. Patients who used topical antiseptic or antibiotic products during study period were also excluded. Patients who developed worsening of AD with flare-up of clinical manifestation or SCORAD greater than 40, secondary infection on-top tested lesions were excluded from data analysis.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Newborn (corrected gestational age between 36 weeks) up to 18 years
* Has CHD that will require surgery within the next 12 months
* CHD requiring surgical intervention with cardiopulmonary bypass

Exclusion Criteria:

* Born at less than 32 weeks gestational age
* Corrected gestational age of less than 36 weeks
* Cardiac or gastrointestinal disease preventing enteral feeds or drug administration prior to surgery
* Patient has confirmed or suspected Williams syndrome
* Proposed surgery to take place at another centre (outside of CHEO)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male and female adults of all races ages 18 years and older

Exclusion Criteria:

* 1. Pregnant and lactating women.

  2. Current or recent history of hepatic or renal disease

  3. History of taking a daily supplement that contains more than 400 IU vitamin D2 or vitamin D3 within the past month or taking a pharmacologic amount of vitamin D2 or one of the active vitamin D analogs including Zemplar (Paricalcitol), Dovonex (calcipotriol), Hectorol (vitamin D pro hormone)

  4. Subjects who are taking antiseizure medications or glucocorticoids.

  5. Exposure to a tanning bed or tanning on a beach for more than eight hours within the past month.

  6. Known history of elevated calcium. (\> 10.5 mg% (mg/dl))

  7. History of intestinal malabsorption (i.e. Cystic Fibrosis, Fat Malabsorption Syndrome, Crohn's Disease)

  8. Unwilling to consent to this trial
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* children aged 1-5 years
* physician-diagnosed asthma as per GINA guidelines
* upper respiratory tract infections as the main asthma exacerbation trigger
* ≥4 respiratory infections in the past 12 months
* ≥1 exacerbation requiring rescue oral steroids in the past 6 months or ≥2 in the previous 12 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

* extreme prematurity (\<28 weeks gestation)
* infants \<12 months of age
* breastfed infants with no vitamin D supplementation
* recent (\<1 year) immigrants from countries where rickets and malnutrition prevalent
* other chronic respiratory disease (broncho-pulmonary dysplasia; cystic fibrosis)
* endocrine disorder of calcium/ vitamin D metabolism
* disorder/ disease with associated malabsorption (inflammatory bowel disease)
* kidney/ liver disease
* sickle cell anemia
* medications known to interfere with bone metabolism/ vitamin D levels
* vitamin D supplementation \>1000 IU/ day in past 3 months
* unable to attend medical visit in 3-4 months
* plan to leave the province during the next 6 months.

Answer: A