Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Attenuation of Second Generation Antipsychotic Induced Weight Gain in Adolescents and Adults Using Betahistine: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The study attempts to evaluate a histamine analog long used for the treatment of Meniere's disease, betahistine, that shows promise in reversing the antihistaminergic effects thought to be involved in antipsychotic induced weight gain.

Hypothesis to be tested:

A. Patients who have gained a developmentally inappropriate amount of weight on antipsychotics (AP) will see their weight and BMI decrease with betahistine augmentation as compared to placebo augmentation.

B. Betahistine augmentation in AP treated patients will increase levels of satiety in a standardized meal situation and decrease caloric intake as compared to placebo augmentation.

C. Metabolic effects of betahistine augmentation in AP treated patients will be reflected in differences in waist circumference, hip circumference and waist hip ratios D. Betahistine augmentation in this population will lead to decrease in fasting glucose-lipid lab values related to the development of metabolic syndrome as compared to placebo augmentation


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adolescents and Adults ages 12-59 with a diagnosis of Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, Schizophreniform, Bipolar I, Bipolar II, Bipolar NOS or Psychotic Disorder NOS, Autism Spectrum Disorder
* Patients will be currently treated with antipsychotics

Patients will qualify for entry if they meet the following weight criteria:

1. The patient has gained 7% of their weight since beginning of treatment with one or more of the current antipsychotics.
2. The patient has had an increase of 7% of their weight during the last year while being treated with antipsychotics.
3. The patient has a BMI of 30 or more and has gained 10 lbs or more in the past 8 months while being treated with antipsychotic medications.
4. The patient has a BMI of 35 or greater at the current time, and his chart shows a history of consistent weight gain over the past 1 to 3 years during treatment with antipsychotics.

   .

   Exclusion Criteria:
   * Subjects will be excluded if they have asthma, peptic ulcer disease (diseases which may be exacerbated by a histamine analog), or history of pheochromocytoma or peptic ulcer disease. Patients will be excluded if they are prescribed medications known to affect body weight or glucose-lipid metabolism, such as prescription or over the counter medications taken for the purpose of weight reduction. Subjects who are currently treated with metformin, for less than 6 months and have shown recent weight change on metformin. Patients on thyroid replacement therapy or lipid-lowering agents whose dosage has changed by more than 50 % in the past month will be excluded. If they are relatively stable doses of these medications they will not be excluded. Patients who are on lipid lowering medication, thyroid replacement medication, or diabetes medication, (excluding metformin), must remain on these medications throughout the period of the study. Females who are pregnant or breast feeding will be excluded.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with schizophrenia treated with clozapine (200-900 mg/day), who gained at least 2.5 kg while on clozapine.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients known to be allergic to aripiprazole
* Hospitalized patients
* Patients who have previously received study medication in an aripiprazole clinical study or who have participated in any clinical trial with an investigational agent within the past month.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition
2. aged 20-65 years
3. had taken clozapine for at least 3 months
4. had at least one of the following metabolic abnormalities: BMI ≥ 24; WC \> 90 cm (men) or 80 cm (women); fasting serum TG level ≥ 150 mg/dL; fasting serum HDL-C level ≤ 40 mg/dL (men) or 50 mg/dL (women); systolic BP ≥ 130 or diastolic BP ≥ 85 mm Hg; current use of antihypertensive agents; and FPG level = 100-126 mg/dL.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. history of diabetes mellitus
2. current use of hypoglycemic or hypolipidemic agents
3. pregnancy
4. allergy to metformin
5. a creatinine level \> 1.4 ng/dL
6. an abnormal liver function test result
7. chronic cardiopulmonary insufficiency.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age: 18 - 65 years
* Diagnosis of the schizophrenia spectrum (ICD-10: F20.x, F25.x)both in-patients and out-patients will be included
* Current and unchanged treatment with at least one antipsychotic drug (FGA and/or SGA and/or depot treatment)
* BMI ≥30 kg/m2
* HbA1c \< 6,5 %

Exclusion Criteria:

* Substance dependence (ICD-10: F1x.2 (apart from nicotine addiction F17.2))
* Diabetes or HbA1c ≥6.5%
* Contraindications to MRI (metal implants, pacemakers, severe claustrophobia, ≥150 kg (max. bed weight in the MRI scanner))
* Previous head trauma with a loss of consciousness for more than 5 minutes
* Pregnancy (screened by urine human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG),lactation or no acceptance to use effective contraception during the intervention period
* Severe somatic disease, including inflammatory bowel disease and chronic ketoacidosis
* Allergy to exenatide
* Coercive measures according the Danish Law of Psychiatry
* conditions that according to sponsor are not congruous with participation in the study

Answer: A