Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Preventing Drug Abuse and HIV in Hispanic First Offenders
Brief Summary: The main goal of the proposed study is to evaluate the efficacy of Familias Unidas (United Families), a family-based, ecodevelopmental intervention found to be previously efficacious in preventing and reducing behavior problems, illicit drug use, and unsafe sexual behavior in non-delinquent Hispanic adolescents (Pantin et al., 2003; Prado, Pantin, Briones et al., 2007).

The study hypotheses are as follows:

Hypothesis 1. Familias Unidas will be more efficacious than Treatment as Usual in preventing drug use among Hispanic first offending adolescents or those who are at risk for committing a first time offense over time.

Hypothesis 1a. The effect of Familias Unidas on drug use will be partially mediated by improvements in family functioning.

Hypothesis 2. Familias Unidas will be more efficacious than Treatment as Usual in preventing unsafe sexual behavior among Hispanic first offending adolescents or those who are at risk for committing a first time offense over time.

Hypothesis 2a. The effect of Familias Unidas on unsafe sexual behavior will be partially mediated by improvements in family functioning.

Hypothesis 3. Familias Unidas will be more efficacious than Treatment as Usual in preventing subsequent criminal offenses among Hispanic first offending adolescents or in preventing a first time offense for those at risk for committing a first time offense over time.

Hypothesis 3a. The effect of Familias Unidas on subsequent criminal offenses will be mediated by family functioning.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Currently living with HIV or AIDS
* Score of 75 or higher on the Mini-Mental Status Examination

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active use of drugs and/or alcohol
* Poor cognitive functioning
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed HIV for \> 6 months
* English speaking
* 18 years old or older
* Indicate some distress (\>4 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9)
* Willing to be randomized

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any substance abuse or treatment for a psychiatric disorder in the past 30 days
* Currently diagnosed with AIDS or had CD4+ T lymphocytes \<200 cells
* Hepatitis (A, B, or C)
* Indicate a regular mind-body practice (e.g., yoga, meditation) in the past six months
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* HIV seropositive
* Currently enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment for at least one month
* Current major or subsyndromal depression (subsyndromal depression is defined by major depression that does not meet full diagnostic criteria but with a clinical global impression of severity (CGI-S) of 2 (mildly ill))
* Is prescribed antiretroviral therapy for HIV and therefore under the care of a primary care provider.
* Between the ages of 18 and 65.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active untreated, unstable, major mental illness (i.e., untreated psychosis or mania), or other Axis I psychiatric disorders (other than depression) that would interfere with the ability to participate (i.e. CGI-S \>6)
* Unable or unwilling to provide informed consent.
* Currently in cognitive behavioral therapy for depression.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Female and male adolescents of Hispanic immigrant origin, defined by at least one parent born in a Spanish-speaking country of the Americas
2. First-time offenders or Hispanic adolescents, identified by Miami Dade County Public Schools as exhibiting Level III behaviors which include: assault/threat against a non-staff member, breaking and entering/burglary, fighting (serious), hazing, possession or use of alcohol and/or controlled substances, possession of simulated weapons, trespassing, and vandalism.
3. Adolescents between 12 and 17 years of age
4. Adolescents living with an adult primary caregiver who is willing to participate

Exclusion Criteria:

(a) Family reports to have (tentative or firm) plans to move out of the South Florida area during the year of the study

Answer: D