Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effectiveness of Optimal Health Program in Improving Self-efficacy in Patients With Diabetes Mellitus in Putrajaya, Malaysia
Brief Summary: Addressing the increasing trend in diabetes and mental illness co-morbidities, Malaysia is currently in need of a self- management program that promotes patient empowerment and overall well-being - beyond education. Committing to the self-care behaviours is highly dependent on the individual's self-efficacy. Self-efficacy has been shown to have a direct positive relationship with self-care behaviours, direct negative relationship with psychological distress and depression. Self-efficacy has also been found to hold a mediating effect on the relationship between emotional distress and self-care behaviours.

The objective of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a self-management program for patients with diabetes, the Optimal Health Program (OHP) in improving self-efficacy, depression, anxiety, diabetes distress, well-being and self-care. This study is a randomized controlled trial study of patients with diabetes attending the four diabetes health clinics within the Putrajaya District. Eligible patients will be randomly allocated to either treatment as usual (TAU) or OHP and treatment as usual (OHP + TAU). The treatment as usual group (TAU) participants will be invited to participate in the OHP at the end of the study. The participants in the OHP + TAU will attend 5 weekly 1.5 hour sessions and a booster session at 3 months. Following ethics approval, recruitment and training will commence in September, data collection expected to be until April 2020.

It is hypothesized that the OHP + TAU group will have higher self-efficacy, well-being and self-care scores and reduced depression, anxiety, diabetes related-distress and HbA1c. This study will contribute towards the gap in the literature in the effectiveness of a self-efficacy enhancing psychosocial self-management program among diabetes patients in Malaysia within a primary care setting.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients with a known diagnosis of Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 given by their attending physicians,
* aged between 18 to 65 years old
* currently attending the health clinics in Putrajaya.
* able to provide consent independently without assistance.

Exclusion Criteria:

* patients that are not able to write and read,
* does not understand Malay or English,
* has a serious acute medical illness (e.g. delusional, delirium) during the intake.
* Patients who are currently attending intensive psychological treatment
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant woman and their children
* Age 18 or older
* Informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Psychosis, neurological damage, inability to communicate with interviewer
* Inability to give consent
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Mothers living in the catchment area
* Mothers not identified as psychotic or delusional based on the interviewer's judgment
* Mothers able to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Inability to give informed consent
* Inability to converse with the interviewer or the CHW
* Death of the mother or infant.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Attends one of the participating schools
* English or Sesotho speaker

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous participation in CWBFN\&CLFS grief counselling group

Answer: A