Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Mobile Nudges to Increase Early Vaccination Coverage in Rural Areas: A Pilot Investigation in Ghana's Northern Region
Brief Summary: Despite major progress made in vaccination coverage overall, timeliness of vaccines remains a key concern in many settings. At the same time, access to mobile phones has increased rapidly, offering new opportunities to track and deliver health services. This research project uses these newly available mobile phone networks to simultaneously address two of the biggest bottlenecks in vaccine delivery: timely documentation of births, and lack of maternal effort or access to get essential vaccines. To increase documentation, investigators will train volunteers in each community to report new births via mobile phone to a central coordinator, and send small monetary rewards via mobile phone to volunteers for this reporting. To increase vaccination coverage, investigators will send reminder messages directly to mothers, and will also test small monetary rewards to volunteers and to mothers as an incentive to complete recommended vaccinations. The designs to provide vaccination encouragement will be tested through a small community randomized controlled trial in 15 selected villages in Ghana's Northern region. The primary outcome for the pilot study will be the percentage of children who received both the polio birth dose (OPV0) vaccination within two weeks of life (14 days) and the BCG vaccination within the first four weeks (28 days) of life.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Motivational SMS; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Motivational SMS | Arm Label: Travel Voucher; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Motivational SMS, Behavioral: Travel Voucher | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Motivational SMS; Assigned to Arm(s): Motivational SMS, Travel Voucher | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Travel Voucher; Assigned to Arm(s): Travel Voucher
B: Arm Label: Standard Treatment; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Self-help materials, Drug: nicotine patch, Behavioral: Counseling | Arm Label: Automated Treatment; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Self-help materials, Drug: nicotine patch, Other: Smartphone-delivered automated treatment | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Self-help materials; Assigned to Arm(s): Automated Treatment, Standard Treatment | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: nicotine patch; Assigned to Arm(s): Automated Treatment, Standard Treatment | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Counseling; Assigned to Arm(s): Standard Treatment | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Smartphone-delivered automated treatment; Assigned to Arm(s): Automated Treatment
C: Arm Label: Two-way SMS dialogue; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Two-way SMS Dialogue | Arm Label: One-way SMS Messaging; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: One-way SMS Messaging | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Two-way SMS Dialogue; Assigned to Arm(s): Two-way SMS dialogue | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: One-way SMS Messaging; Assigned to Arm(s): One-way SMS Messaging
D: Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Voice Reminder (Group A); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Voice Reminder (Group A) | Arm Label: Cash Incentive (Group B); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Cash Incentive (Group B) | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Voice Reminder (Group A); Assigned to Arm(s): Voice Reminder (Group A) | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Cash Incentive (Group B); Assigned to Arm(s): Cash Incentive (Group B)

Answer: D