Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: To Evaluate the Role of Mobile Phone SMS Messages and Automated Calls in Improving Vaccine Coverage Among Children in Pakistan
Brief Summary: Routine childhood immunization (RCI) in Pakistan is well below the recommended coverage of 90% with rates as low as 16% in certain regions (Pakistan DHS 2012-3). This has led to continued polio transmission, large measles outbreaks and thousands of deaths from vaccine-preventable diseases (Kazi.Bull WHO 2016). Mobile phone communication is widespread in developing countries and has proven a potential method of directly connecting pregnant women and mothers to health services (Kharbanda. Expert Review of Vaccine 2014). The investigators propose conducting a mixed methods proof of concept cluster randomized trial (CRT) to assess the effectiveness of different types of SMS messaging and automated calls to improve RCI and understand the perceptions and barriers that may affect SMS and automated call-based interventions at participants levels. the investigators will conduct the study at urban and rural sites in Pakistan. The investigators will examine an important public health question - do low cost, automated SMS, and automated messages improve RCI coverage in resource-constrained settings? Further, investigators will compare the effectiveness of reminder, educational and interactive text messages for improving RCI and will generate socio-cultural data regarding the impact of participants health beliefs that will be important for setting up the appropriate interventions in other LMICs.


Options:
A: Arm Label: 1. One way SMS messages.; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: SMS messages and automated calls | Arm Label: 2. Two Way SMS messages; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: SMS messages and automated calls | Arm Label: 3. One way automated calls.; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: SMS messages and automated calls | Arm Label: 4.Two way interactive automated calls; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: SMS messages and automated calls | Arm Label: 5. Control Arm; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: SMS messages and automated calls; Assigned to Arm(s): 1. One way SMS messages., 2. Two Way SMS messages, 3. One way automated calls., 4.Two way interactive automated calls
B: Arm Label: Reminder module (SMS and Phone call); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Reminder module (SMS and Phone call) | Arm Label: Photovoice; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Photovoice | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Reminder module (SMS and Phone call); Assigned to Arm(s): Reminder module (SMS and Phone call) | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Photovoice; Assigned to Arm(s): Photovoice
C: Arm Label: Standard of care; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Standard of care | Arm Label: Text Messaging; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Text Messaging | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Standard of care; Assigned to Arm(s): Standard of care | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Text Messaging; Assigned to Arm(s): Text Messaging
D: Arm Label: Clinic group 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: mHealth messaging | Arm Label: Clinic group 2; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Transport Payments | Arm Label: Clinic group 3; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: mHealth messaging; Assigned to Arm(s): Clinic group 1 | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Transport Payments; Assigned to Arm(s): Clinic group 2

Answer: A