Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Kinesio Taping on Muscle Force, Pain, Edema, Physical Function and Global Perception of Change of Women With Knee Osteoarthritis: Randomized and Blind Clinical Trial
Brief Summary: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a disease characterized mainly by the wear and tear of the articular structures, which affects 6% to 13% of men and 7% to 19% of women, and their prevalence may be increased proportionally with increasing age. Signs and symptoms include pain, joint stiffness and loss of function. In this perspective, kinesio taping (KT) appears as an alternative therapeutic resource for the treatment of this type of patient. However, the current evidence on this technique is limited and conflicting, making its effects on the symptomatology of the disease still uncertain. Thus, the present study will evaluate the effects of KT application on muscle strength, pain, physical function, edema and quality of life of elderly women with knee OA. It will be a randomized, blind clinical trial in which 45 volunteers will be allocated to three groups: G1 (placebo group), G2 (control group) and G3 (intervention group). The G1 will be submitted to the placebo (no tension) application of KT on rectos femoris muscle and knee; the G2 will receive a protocol of a health education activity session lasting 60 minutes and finally the G3 will be submitted to the simultaneous application (with tension) of two KT techniques on rectos femoris muscle and knee. All groups will be evaluated before, immediately after and 72 hours after the application. To measure the variables, the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS), 6-minute walk test (6MWT), isometric dynamometer, perimetry and global rating of change. Statistical analysis will be done using SPSS® software (Statistical Package Social Science) version 20.0. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Levene tests will be applied to evaluate the normality and homogeneity of the data, respectively. Intra and intergroup comparisons will be evaluated using analysis of variance ANOVA of mixed model. In the presence of a significant F, the Benferroni pot-hoc test will be used to identify where the difference occurred. For all statistical analyzes, a significance level of 5% (p \<0.05) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) will be adopted.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* peri- or postmenopausal women aged \>50 years
* primary knee osteoarthritis

Exclusion Criteria:

* inability to walk
* severe joint instability
* history of previous shortwave diathermy
* intra-articular injection within 3 months
* metallic implant around knee joint
* suspicious of malignancy around knee joint
* significant cardiovascular disease
* inability to understand how to score the symptoms
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* diagnosed (and radiologically verified) I-III stage knee osteoarthritis, has no contraindications (exclusion criteria) to participate in research, are willing to follow studies protocol and gives informed approval to participate in this research in written form.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Rheumatoid arthritis or other systemic rheumatoid disease (LE, sclerodermia,.. etc)
* Fragile, very sensitive skin or it's lesions in areas where tapes are to be applied
* Inability to do functional tests according study protocol due to very impaired knee function or severe comorbidities.
* Diagnosed or suspected cancer in areas where tapes to be applied
* \< than 6 months after intra-articular injections in knee joint
* Constant usage of analgesic medicament due to comorbidities
* Pregnancy
* History of Kinesio Taping method applications in the past
* Need for orthotics
* Unwillingness not to use local ointments in knee region during participation in study period (i.e. 2 months)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Radiographic evidence of hip or knee osteoarthritis
* Current / persistent joint symptoms (pain, aching, stiffness)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Other rheumatic disease (i.e., rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia)
* Hospitalization for stroke or cardiovascular event within past 3 months
* Metastatic cancer
* Active diagnosis of psychosis
* Terminal illness
* On waiting list for arthroplasty
* Resident of nursing home
* Severely impaired in hearing or speech (participants must be able to respond to phone calls)
* Significant cognitive dysfunction
* No access to a telephone
* Current participation in another interventional study for osteoarthritis
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* • Female subjects aged 60 years and over, non-obese (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg / m2), with diagnosis of knee OA according to the criteria of the American College of Rheumatology (Altman et al. , 1986), which are: knee pain most of the day during the last weeks and age greater than 60 years (mandatory criteria), and at least two of the following criteria: stiffness after rest less than 30 minutes, crackle in the affected knee , joint increase of firm consistency, absence of temperature increase and painful hypersensitivity to palpation;

  * Individuals with radiographic signs of degeneration of the knee joint;
  * Individuals with any degree of degeneration according to the Kellgren-Lawrence scale;
  * Individuals with a pain scale above 3 according to NPRS;
  * Stiffness in the knee for at least 6 months prior to screening;
  * Stiffness during the beginning of activities;
  * Intermittent swelling;
  * Never have used KT;
  * Individuals with no history of associated joint disease or systemic rheumatic disease and / or history of surgery in the affected lower limb;
  * Individuals who are not under physiotherapeutic treatment during the intervention;
  * Individuals without neurological, vestibular, visual or auditory deficits that make evaluations impossible.

Exclusion Criteria:

* • Individuals who report pain during the procedure;

  * Individuals who do not complete the treatment time or who do not perform the evaluation procedures correctly, making it impossible to collect any of the data investigated;
  * Individuals with allergy to bandage or cutaneous injury in the region where KT will be applied;
  * Individuals who present hypertensive peak during the evaluations.

Answer: D