Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: During the first hours that follow the birth of the baby (third and fourth stages of labor), complications are common and can threaten the mother's life. The most common complication is postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), which remains a leading cause of maternal mortality (25.0%) especially in developing countries .Three to five percent of deliveries are complicated by PPH and is 50 times more common in developing countries. Retained placenta is an another complication of third stage of labor. It complicates 0.1-2 % of deliveries . Without prompt treatment, women are at high risk of hemorrhage. At present, treatment is by manual removal of placenta, which needs an operating theatre, a surgeon, and an anaesthetist-facilities that are often unavailable to women in resource-poor settings. As a result, this condition has a case fatality rate of nearly 10% in rural communities.

The length of the third stage of labor, and its subsequent complications depends on a combination of the length of time it takes for placental separation and the ability of the uterine muscle to contract. Principal management of the third stage of labor is aimed at reducing the time of delivery of placenta so minimising serious adverse effects, such as blood loss and retained placenta. Active management of the third stage of labor, which includes prophylactic injection of 10 units of oxytocin within two minutes of birth, early clamping of the umbilical cord and controlled cord traction (CCT), is recommended by WHO for PPH prevention .

Umbilical vein oxytocin injection directs the treatment to the placental bed and uterine wall, resulting in an earlier uterine contraction and placental separation. However, very limited published literature is available, which evaluated the effect of umbilical vein oxytocin injection in routine practices for active management of the third stage of labor. The purpose of this investigation was to find out the beneficial effect of adding intraumbilical vein oxytocin in reducing the blood loss during third and fourth stages of labor, length of third stage of labor, and reduction in the incidence of manual removal of retained placenta.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Carbetocin 10mcg; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Carbetocin | Arm Label: Carbetocin 20mcg; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Carbetocin | Arm Label: Carbetocin 40mcg; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Carbetocin | Arm Label: Carbetocin 60mcg; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Carbetocin | Arm Label: Carbetocin 80mcg; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Carbetocin | Arm Label: Carbetocin 100mcg; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Carbetocin | Arm Label: Carbetocin 120mcg; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Carbetocin | Arm Label: Carbetocin 140mcg; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Carbetocin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Carbetocin; Assigned to Arm(s): Carbetocin 100mcg, Carbetocin 10mcg, Carbetocin 120mcg, Carbetocin 140mcg, Carbetocin 20mcg, Carbetocin 40mcg, Carbetocin 60mcg, Carbetocin 80mcg
B: Arm Label: A; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Oxytocin infusion | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Oxytocin infusion; Assigned to Arm(s): A
C: Arm Label: Saline group; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Oxytocin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Oxytocin; Assigned to Arm(s): Saline group
D: Arm Label: TXA; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Tranexamic Acid | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Tranexamic Acid; Assigned to Arm(s): TXA | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo

Answer: C