Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Italian Multicenter Randomized Phase II Study of Weekly Paclitaxel vs. Cediranib-Olaparib (Continuous vs. Intermittent) in Patients With Platinum Resistant High Grade Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer
Brief Summary: This is a Phase II, randomized, multi-centre study aiming at comparing the efficacy of Olaparib and Cediranib vs. weekly Paclitaxel in terms of progression free survival (PFS) in platinum refractory or resistant recurrent ovarian cancer.

Patients will be randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio to three treatment arms:

* Arm A: Paclitaxel 80 mg/mq every week
* Arm B: Cediranib 20 mg/day + Olaparib 600 mg / day (i.e. 300 mg BD) given every day
* Arm C: Cediranib 20 mg/day given 5 days per weeks + Olaparib 600 mg / day (i.e. 300 mg BD) given 7 days per weeks


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Progressive or recurrent ovarian peritoneal or fallopian tube clear cell carcinoma, or progressive or recurrent endometrial clear cell carcinoma. The primary diagnosis must be histologically confirmed and central pathological review of the presenting tumour or biopsy of relapsed disease must find at least 50% clear cell carcinoma with no serous differentiation. Progressive disease as defined by Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumours (RECIST) 1.1.
2. Failure after ≥1 prior platinum containing regimen which may have been given in the adjuvant setting. For patients with ovarian clear cell carcinoma, progression must have occurred within 6 calendar months of their last platinum dose.
3. ECOG (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) Performance status of ≤2.
4. Life expectancy of \>3 months.
5. Adequate hepatic, bone marrow coagulation and renal function

   1. Hepatic function: total bilirubin \< Upper Limit of Normal (ULN); ALT and AST \< 2.5 x ULN
   2. Coagulation parameters: INR (International Normalised Ratio) \<2 x ULN and prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time \< 1.5 x ULN in the absence of therapeutic anticoagulation
   3. absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 x 109/L
   4. platelets ≥ 100 x 109L
   5. haemoglobin ≥ 9.0 g/dL
   6. proteinuria \< grade 2 CTCAE (version 4)
   7. Glomerular Filtration Rate ≥40ml/min. (calculated using the Wright, Cockroft \& Gault equation or measured by EDTA clearance)
6. Female and \> 18 years of age.
7. Signed and dated written informed consent prior to admission to the study in accordance with International Conference on Harmonization on Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP) guidelines and local legislation.
8. Willingness and ability to comply with scheduled visits, treatment plans and laboratory tests and other study procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior treatment with Nintedanib or other angiogenesis inhibitor/VEGF targeted therapy, except for prior treatment with bevacizumab which is permitted.
2. Treatment within 28 days prior to randomisation with any investigational drug, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy or biological therapy. Palliative radiotherapy may be permitted for symptomatic control of pain from bone metastases in extremities, provided that the radiotherapy does not affect target lesions, and the reason for the radiotherapy does not reflect progressive disease.
3. Previous treatment with the chemotherapy regimen selected as the control arm by the investigator. (Prior therapy with paclitaxel given on a three weekly regimen is permitted for patients receiving weekly paclitaxel. Prior treatment with weekly paclitaxel is permitted where this has been used as part of first line therapy and it is greater than 6 months since the last dose of weekly paclitaxel. Prior weekly paclitaxel for relapsed disease is not permitted).
4. Other malignancy diagnosed within 5 years of enrolment except for:

   1. non-melanomatous skin cancer (if adequately treated)
   2. cervical carcinoma in situ (if adequately treated)
   3. carcinoma in situ of the breast (if adequately treated)
   4. For patients with ovarian clear cell cancer, prior or synchronous endometrial cancer (if adequately treated), provided all of the following criteria are met:

      * disease stage FIGO (International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) Stage 1a (tumour invades less than one half of myometrium)
      * Grade 1 or 2
5. Patients with any other severe concurrent disease, which may increase the risk associated with study participation or study drug administration and, in the judgement of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into this study, including significant neurologic, psychiatric, infectious, hepatic, renal, or gastrointestinal diseases or laboratory abnormality.
6. Symptoms or signs of gastrointestinal obstruction requiring parenteral nutrition or hydration or any other gastro-intestinal disorders or abnormalities, including difficulty swallowing, that would interfere with drug absorption.
7. Serious infections in particular if requiring systemic antibiotic (antimicrobial, antifungal) or antiviral therapy, including known hepatitis B and/or C infection and HIV-infection.
8. Symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) metastasis or leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.
9. Known, uncontrolled hypersensitivity to the investigational drugs or their excipients.
10. Hypersensitivity to Nintedanib, peanut or soya, or to any of the excipients of Nintedanib.
11. Significant cardiovascular diseases, including uncontrolled hypertension, clinically relevant cardiac arrhythmia, unstable angina or myocardial infarction within 6 months prior to randomisation, congestive heart failure \> NYHA (New York Heart Association) III, severe peripheral vascular disease, clinically significant pericardial effusion.
12. History of major thromboembolic event, such as pulmonary embolism or proximal deep vein thrombosis, unless on stable therapeutic anticoagulation
13. Known inherited predisposition to bleeding or thrombosis.
14. History of a cerebral vascular accident, transient ischemic attack or subarachnoid haemorrhage within the past 6 months.
15. History of clinically significant haemorrhage in the past 6 months.
16. Major injuries or surgery within the past 28 days prior to start of study treatment or planned surgery during the on-treatment study period.
17. Pregnancy or breastfeeding. Patients with preserved reproductive capacity must have a negative pregnancy test (β-HCG test in urine or serum) prior to commencing study treatment.
18. Patients with preserved reproductive capacity, unwilling to use a medically acceptable method of contraception (see section 5.7) for the duration of the trial and for 6 months afterwards.
19. Radiographic evidence of cavitating or necrotic tumours with invasion of adjacent major blood vessels.
20. Any psychological, familial, sociological or geographical consideration potentially hampering compliance with the study protocol and follow up schedule; those considerations should be discussed with the patient before registration in the trial.
21. Patients who have already received maximal lifetime dose of anthracycline or have experienced cardiac toxicity from an anthracycline should not receive doxorubicin or Paclitaxel Liposomal Doxorubicin (PLD).
B: Inclusion criteria:

* first diagnosis of histologically confirmed epithelial ovarian cancer, fallopian tube or primary peritoneal cancer
* International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) Stages IIB - IV
* females, age 18 years or older
* life expectancy of at least 6 months
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0, 1 or 2
* prior surgery, defined as either (a) debulking surgery with maximum surgical effort at cytoreduction with the goal of no residual disease or (b) biopsy or limited surgery in patients with stage IV disease for whom surgical debulking was not considered appropriate, if diagnosis is confirmed by histology and no surgery is planned prior to disease progression (including interval debulking surgery)
* patient has given written informed consent which must be consistent with the International Conference on Harmonization - Good Clinical Practice (ICH-GCP) and local legislation
* planned application of first dose of chemotherapy after wound healing, but no later than 10 weeks after surgery

Exclusion criteria:

* histologic diagnosis of a benign or borderline tumour or of a malignant tumour of non-epithelial origin of the ovary, the fallopian tube or the peritoneum
* planned surgery within 124 weeks after randomisation in this trial, including interval debulking surgery
* clinically relevant non-healing wound, ulcer or bone fracture
* clinical symptoms or signs of gastrointestinal obstruction that require parenteral nutrition or hydration
* brain metastases
* pre-existing sensory or motor neuropathy Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) grade 2 or higher, except due to trauma
* history of major thromboembolic event
* known inherited or acquired bleeding disorder
* significant cardiovascular diseases
* clinically relevant pericardial effusion
* history of a cerebral vascular accident, transient ischemic attack or subarachnoid haemorrhage within the past 6 months
* inadequate safety laboratory values
* serious infections in particular if requiring systemic antibiotic (antimicrobial, antifungal) or antiviral therapy, including Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
* poorly controlled diabetes mellitus or other contraindication to high dose corticosteroid therapy
* gastrointestinal disorders or abnormalities that would interfere with absorption of the study drug
* other malignancy diagnosed within the past 5 years. In exception to this rule, the following malignancies may be included if adequately treated: non-melanomatous skin cancer, cervical carcinoma in situ, carcinoma in situ of the breast, low risk endometrial cancer
* prior systemic therapy for ovarian cancer (e.g. chemotherapy, monoclonal antibody therapy, oral targeted therapy, hormonal therapy)
* prior systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy
* prior treatment with BIBF 1120 or any other angiogenesis inhibitor
* prior radiotherapy
* serious illness or concomitant non-oncological disease such as neurologic, psychiatric or infectious disease or a laboratory abnormality that may increase the risk associated with study participation or study drug administration
* Women of childbearing potential who are sexually active and not using a highly effective method of birth control during the trial and for at least twelve months after the end of active therapy.
* pregnancy or breast feeding
* psychological, familial, sociological or geographical factors potentially hampering compliance with the study protocol and follow-up schedule
* active alcohol or drug abuse
* patients unable to comply with the protocol
* any contraindications for therapy with paclitaxel or carboplatin
* treatment with other investigational drugs or participation in another clinical trial testing a drug within the past four weeks before start of therapy or concomitantly with this trial
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Histological or cytological diagnosis of ovarian cancer
* Disease recurrence between 6 and 12 months after a first-line platinum based therapy
* Indication for chemotherapy, but no more than 2 previous lines of previous therapy
* Life expectancy of more than 3 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous or concomitant malignant malignancy (excluding adequately treated baso-or squamocellular carcinoma of the skin and carcinoma in situ of the cervix)
* ECOG Performance Status at least 3
* Previous treatment with stealth liposomal doxorubicin
* Residual peripheral neuropathy Grade 3 or higher
* Heart disease (congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction within 6 months from study entry, atrioventricular block of any grade, severe arrhythmias)
* Neutrophils \< 2000 x mm3, platelets \< 100000 x mm3
* Inadequate renal function (creatinine no greater than 1.25 x normal values) or liver function (ALT or AST no greater than 1.25 x normal values)
* Present or suspected hemorrhagic syndromes
* Inability to comply with protocol and follow-up
* Inability to access study site for clinical visits
* Refusal of informed consent
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients affected by pathologically confirmed high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer.
2. Relapsed/progressive disease within 6 months from last platinum-based chemotherapy (platinum resistant/refractory disease).
3. Any line of treatment (after the first).
4. Any "last" chemotherapy line, including Paclitaxel, that should have been administered at least 6 months before the study beginning.
5. Patients must be women \> 18 years of age.
6. Patients must have normal organ and bone marrow function measured within 28 days prior to administration of study treatment as defined below:

   * Haemoglobin ≥ 10.0 g/dL and no blood transfusions in the 28 days prior to entry/randomization - Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 x 109/L
   * White blood cells (WBC) \> 3x109/L
   * Platelet count ≥ 100 x 109/L
   * Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x institutional Upper Limit of Normal (ULN)
   * AST (SGOT)/ALT (SGPT) ≤ 2.5 x institutional Upper Limit of Normal, unless liver metastases are present in which case it must be ≤ 5x ULN
   * Creatinine clearance estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation ≥51 mL/min,.
7. ECOG performance status 0-1.
8. Patients must have a life expectancy ≥ 16 weeks.
9. Evidence of non-childbearing status for women of childbearing potential (negative urine or serum pregnancy test within 28 days of study treatment, confirmed prior to treatment on day 1 or postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal status is defined as:

   * Amenorrheic for 1 year or more following cessation of exogenous hormonal treatments
   * LH and FSH levels in the post-menopausal range for women under 50
   * Radiation-induced oophorectomy with last menses \>1 year ago,
   * Chemotherapy-induced menopause with \>1 year interval since last menses
   * Surgical sterilization (bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy)
10. Patient is willing and able to comply with the protocol for the duration of the study including undergoing treatment, scheduled visits and examinations including follow up.
11. At least one lesion (measurable as defined by RECIST 1.1) that can be accurately assessed by CT scan or MRI with Chest X-ray at baseline and follow up visits.
12. BRCA1-2 mutation status known. In case of BRCA status unknown, the BRCA test must be performed before the randomization or, if not feasible, within the end-of the study treatment.
13. Provision of informed consent prior to any study specific procedures. In case of patients unable to give written informed consent, is necessary to have the subject or legal representative sign, but in any case a witness must be present and sign and date with the person providing informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any previous treatment with a PARP inhibitor, including Olaparib.
2. Prior treatment with Cediranib (previous bevacizumab or other antiangiogenic drugs are allowed)
3. Previous progression to weekly Paclitaxel
4. Patients with second primary cancer, except: adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer, curatively treated in-situ cancer of the cervix, or other solid tumours curatively treated with no evidence of disease for ≥ 5 years
5. Patients receiving any systemic chemotherapy, radiotherapy (except for palliative reasons), within 2 weeks from the last dose prior to study treatment (or a longer period depending on the defined characteristics of the agents used). The patient can receive bisphosphonates for bone metastases, before and during the study as long as these were started at least 4 weeks prior to treatment with study drug.
6. Concomitant use of known strong CYP3A inhibitors (eg. itraconazole, telithromycin, clarithromycin, protease inhibitors boosted with ritonavir or cobicistat, indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, boceprevir, telaprevir) or moderate CYP3A inhibitors (eg. ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, diltiazem, fluconazole, verapamil). The required washout period prior to starting Olaparib is 2 weeks.
7. Concomitant use of known strong (eg. phenobarbital, enzalutamide, phenytoin, rifampicin, rifabutin, rifapentine, carbamazepine, nevirapine and St John's Wort ) or moderate CYP3A inducers (eg. bosentan, efavirenz, modafinil). The required washout period prior to starting Olaparib is 5 weeks for enzalutamide or phenobarbital and 3 weeks for other agents.
8. Persistent toxicities (\>=CTCAE grade 2) with the exception of alopecia, caused by previous cancer therapy.
9. Resting ECG with QTc \> 470msec on 2 or more time points within a 24 hour period or family history of long QT syndrome.
10. Greater than +1 proteinuria on two consecutive dipsticks taken no less than 1 week apart unless urinary protein \< 1.5g in a 24 hr period or urine protein/creatinine ratio \< 1.5.
11. A history of poorly controlled hypertension or resting blood pressure \>150/100 mmHg in the presence or absence of a stable regimen of anti-hypertensive therapy (measurements will be made after the patient has been resting supine for a minimum of 5 minutes. Two or more readings should be taken at 2-minute intervals and averaged. If the first two diastolic readings differ by more than 5 mmHg, then an additional reading should be obtained and averaged).
12. Blood transfusions within 28 days prior to study start.
13. Features suggestive of Myelodysplastic syndrome or Acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML) on peripheral blood smear.
14. Patients with symptomatic uncontrolled brain metastases. A scan to confirm the absence of brain metastases is not required. The patient can receive a stable dose of corticosteroids before and during the study as long as these were started at least 28 days prior to treatment.
15. Major surgery within 4 weeks of starting study treatment and patients must have recovered from any effects of any major surgery.
16. Patients considered at poor medical risk due to a serious, uncontrolled medical disorder, non-malignant systemic disease or active, uncontrolled infection. Examples include, but are not limited to, uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmia, recent (within 3 months) myocardial infarction, unstable spinal cord compression (untreated and unstable for at least 28 days prior to study entry), superior vena cava syndrome, extensive bilateral lung disease on HRCT scan or any psychiatric disorder that prohibits obtaining informed consent.
17. Patients unable to swallow medications and patients with gastrointestinal disorders likely to interfere with absorption of the study medication.
18. Breast feeding women.
19. Immunocompromised patients, e.g., patients who are known to be serologically positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and are receiving antiviral therapy.
20. Patients with known active hepatic disease (i.e., Hepatitis B or C).
21. Patients with a known hypersensitivity to Olaparib, Cediranib or any of the excipients of the products.
22. Patients with a known hypersensitivity to Paclitaxel.
23. Patients with uncontrolled seizures.
24. History of abdominal fistula or gastrointestinal perforation.
25. Prior gastrectomy.

Answer: D