Please select the outcome measures that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Youth and Adult Microfinance to Improve Resilience Outcomes in Democratic Republic of Congo
Brief Summary: The investigators will test the effectiveness of a youth-led animal husbandry microfinance program, Rabbits for Resilience, combined with the adult microfinance, Pigs for Peace (PFP), program on youth, family and community resilience outcomes. The following aims will be completed over the five-year longitudinal, mixed-method, cluster randomized community trial:

Specific Aim 1: Determine the relative effectiveness of a youth-led microfinance combined with the adult microfinance on youth and family resilience outcomes (reduced mental health distress, increased economic stability, improved family functioning) compared to a youth-led microfinance only and adult microfinance only approaches.

* The investigators hypothesize that at six, twelve and 18-months post-baseline youth and adults in households in the youth-led and adult microfinance approach will report improved individual and family resilience outcomes compared to households in the youth-led microfinance only and adult microfinance only approaches.

Specific Aim 2: Determine the relative effectiveness of a youth-led microfinance combined with PFP microfinance on community resilience (e.g. social capital and participation in community groups by youth and adults) compared to youth-led microfinance only and adult microfinance only approaches.

* The investigators hypothesize that at 18-months post baseline in households in the youth-led and adult microfinance will report improved community resilience compared to households in the youth-led microfinance only and adult microfinance only approaches

Specific Aim 3: Determine if changes in youth resilience (caregiving ability, empathy and outlook for the future) mediate the relationship between youth engagement in microfinance and outcomes, as measured by reduced mental health distress, improved family functioning and improved social capital.

Specific Aim 4: Examine youth perspectives on resilience in the context of multiple adversities (war, poverty, loss of family, displacement, victimization). Youth participants (N=50, ages 10-15 years) will be invited (with parent/caregiver consent) to complete at baseline and 18 month post-baseline qualitative interview/group discussion to examine individual, family and community resilience and what that participants perceive as key to buffering the negative health and social consequences of prolonged conflict and other adversities.


Options:
A: Change in COVID-19 knowledge (Baseline survey, 2-week post-intervention survey, and 2-month post-intervention survey); Change in COVID-19 protective behaviors (Baseline survey, 2-week post-intervention survey, and 2-month post-intervention survey); Change in depressive symptoms (Baseline survey, 2-week post-intervention survey, and 2-month post-intervention survey); Change in anxiety symptoms (Baseline survey, 2-week post-intervention survey, and 2-month post-intervention survey)
B: Difference in Diabetes Empowerment Scale (DES) scores between OHP+TAU (experimental group) and TAU alone (control group), and within OHP plus TAU across time (Week 1, Week 5, Week 18, Week 30); Difference in Diabetes Management Self-Efficacy Scale (DMSES) scores between OHP+TAU (experimental group) and TAU alone (control group), and within OHP plus TAU across time (Week 1, Week 5, Week 18, Week 30)
C: Change from baseline in Bayley III Language scale (Baseline and 11 months)
D: Change in baseline Mental health distress at 18 months (Baseline to 18 months post baseline)

Answer: D