Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: En Pareja: A Latino Couples Intervention to Help Expectant Fathers Quit Smoking
Brief Summary: Smoking among Latino males living in the U.S. is a significant public health problem, one that can contribute to disparities in life expectancy and increase mortality. Latinos smoke at the same rate as White males but are less likely than Whites to quit. Interventions do not reach Latino smokers because many speak only Spanish and previous interventions have had notable limitations. First, most have recruited volunteers, so hard-to-reach Latino smokers likely did not participate. Second, cessation effects were short-term only. Third, no program has attempted to boost Latino cessation rates by capitalizing on a "teachable moment", a time when quitting may seem especially relevant. To address these deficits, we propose to conduct a teachable moment intervention trial for Latino smokers. We will attempt to capitalize on the potential teachable moment of Latinas' pregnancy as an impetus for Latinos' cessation. We will include couples, rather than just men, to sustain intervention effects. We will partner with community leaders to develop an intervention based primarily on Social Cognitive Theory, the Teachable Moment Model, and the Cognitive-Behavioral Couple Therapy Model. Some elements will be at the individual level to help Latinos quit smoking and others will be couple-based to improve communication and reduce stress in the postpartum relationship. The program will be culturally sensitive to Latino values, such as familismo, valuing of and duty to the family and personalismo, valuing warm personal relationships. We will recruit Latino couples (n=366) into a Guia (control) arm in which men receive a culturally appropriate smoking cessation guide, and a couple-based smoking cessation counseling arm.

Hypothesis 1: Latino expectant fathers who receive couple-based counseling to quit smoking will be more likely to be abstinent from smoking at 28 weeks in pregnancy and 12 months post-randomization than Latino expectant fathers who receive a self-help smoking cessation guide.

Hypothesis 2: Couple-based counseling will improve mediators, such as couple communication about smoking, self-efficacy, outcome expectancies, stress levels, risk perceptions, emotion, and self-image, which in turn, will increase cessation rates among Latino expectant fathers.

Hypothesis 3: Couples in the counseling arm will have a greater increase in cessation during pregnancy and a lower decrease in cessation at 6 and 12 months post-randomization than couples in the Guia arm.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Female: 18 or older (or 16 years or older if legally married), not smoking, married or living with a partner who smokes, and less than 25 weeks pregnant (to allow enough time to intervene during pregnancy).
* Male: 18 or older (or 16 years or greater if legally married, living with the woman, smoked in past 30 days, and plans to live in the area for at least two years.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Female: currently smoking.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women
* current cigarette smoker (smoked \>5 cigarettes in the past 7 days)
* 18 years old or older

Exclusion Criteria:

* More than 24 weeks' gestation at study entry
* No telephone access
* Not planning to live in Athens for 1 year
* Unable to read and speak Greek
* Alcoholics
* Use of drug substances
* Depression
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient's gestational age is 26 weeks or less.
* Patient is at least 16 years of age.
* Patient is able to speak English or Spanish.
* Patient intends to carry to term.
* Patient has stable residence.
* Patient has smoked five or more cigarettes everyday for the past seven days.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Evidence that the patient is pregnant with a fetus with a known congenital abnormality.
* Unstable medical problems (i.e., hyperthyroidism, temporomandibular joint disorder, pre-eclampsia, threatened abortion, hyperemesis gravidarum)
* Multiple Gestation
* Unstable psychiatric disorder
* Current drug or alcohol abuse or dependence
D: * INCLUSION CRITERIA

At least 18 years of age

Resident of the District of Columbia or Greater Metropolitan Area

Minority Woman (Either African American or Hispanic)

No more than 30 weeks estimated gestational age

Able to read and speak English

Current cigarette smoker

Baseline saliva continine level equal to or exceeding 30 ng/ml

Expresses desire to quit smoking in this pregnancy

EXCLUSION CRITERIA

Currently participating in any other smoking cessation treatment program

Has the following conditions: heart disease, irregular heart beat, high blood pressure, diabetes, liver condition, kidney condition, stomach ulcer, asthma, chronic pulmonary disease, or skin condition

Currently being treated for psychiatric illness, alcoholism, or other drug addiction.

Answer: A