Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Dumbbell Exercise on Arteriovenous Fistula in Patients With Hemodialysis：A Prospective Randomized,Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Isometric exercise has been shown to increase the diameter and the blood flow rate of forearm veins.At present, more studies focus on the perioperative period to promote the maturation of arteriovenous fistula(AVF), while there are few reports on functional maintenance measures for the patients with maintenance hemodialysis.This study aims to explore the effect of dumbbell exercise on AVF，and evaluate whether patients can carry a 6-pound item with the fistula limb in a reasonable way.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age exceeding the age of majority (18 years of age).
* Chronic renal failure with a calculated GFR (MDRD equation) less than or equal to 20 ml/min
* Eligible for creation of an arteriovenous fistula for the purpose of hemodialysis.
* The subject is expected to stay within driving distance of study site for at least 4 months.
* The subject's physician(s) will allow the patient to participate.
* Ability to give informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unstable angina.
* Uncontrolled hypertension (resting blood pressure \>170 systolic or \>100 diastolic).
* Musculoskeletal or neurologic problem that prevents arm exercise.
* Currently functioning arteriovenous access in the same arm as the planned new fistula.
* Subjects who are eligible to participate in the ongoing DAC fistula trial.
* Planned new access surgery in less than 6 weeks
* Anticipated non-compliance with medical care based on physician judgment.
* Patient refusal.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Chronic Kidney failure patients with eGFR less than 20mls/min
2. Chosen Hemodailysis as their modality of renal replacement therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Potential fistula vein diameter less than 3mm (with application of tornique) on initial vein mapping
2. Known left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 20% on Echocardiogram
3. Previous stroke effecting the AV fistula arm
4. Calcified brachial or radial arteries and/or duplex evidence of stenosis of \>50%
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who have established arteriovenous fistula
2. Patients whose muscle strength of the fistula limb is graded 4-5, which can overcome the 6-pound gravity and external resistance to complete the range of joint activity
3. Patients who provided informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Left ventricular cardiac ejection fraction \<30%;
2. Using a arteriovenous graft or a long-term catheter as a permanent access;
3. The diameter of the aneurysm is greater than 2 cm or the aneurysm has a risk of rupture;
4. Participation in other clinical trials at the same time;
5. Severe cardiovascular diseases and other organ complications,malignant tumors, mental illnesses, etc.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stage 4 or 5;
* In conservative or dialysis treatment;
* Medical indication of arteriovenous fistula as an achievement of HD.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cognitive impairment or changes that hinder understanding, realization of activities and interpretation of the issues;
* a history of making FAV in both upper limbs or some other type of vascular surgery in upper limbs, with some type of vascular access in upper limbs or in nearby regions;
* to develop some kind of manual work with heavy loads;
* Trauma-orthopedic lesions in the cervical, shoulder, elbow, wrist and untreated (or) hand;
* Signs of thrombophlebitis and hypoplasia / agenesis of the upper limbs.

Answer: C