Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Impact of Early Parenteral Nutrition Completing Enteral Nutrition in Adult Critically Ill Patients
Brief Summary: In critically ill patients, a strategy aimed at an early delivery of full caloric support, with a combination of Enteral Nutrition (EN) and Parenteral Nutrition (PN) (in conditions preventing hyperglycemia and overfeeding), results in shorter ICU and hospital stay and less morbidity as compared to a strategy using only EN.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult patients (age \> 18 years) admitted to participating ICUs with:

  1. Primary diagnosis of COPD exacerbation defined as the presence of two or more of the following clinical features: worsening dyspnea, increase in sputum purulence, increase in sputum volume
  2. respiratory failure \[pH \< 7,35 with a PaCO2 \> 45 mm Hg and respiratory rate more than 23 breaths per minute\] requiring mechanical ventilation, invasive or non-invasive mechanical ventilation.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Primary diagnosis of asthma exacerbation.
2. History of asthma or atopy.
3. Use of systemic corticosteroids within the preceding month.
4. Use of systemic corticosteroids for the treatment of COPD exacerbation at the time of ICU admission for more than 24 hours.
5. Clinical or radiological evidence of pneumonia.
6. Uncontrolled left-ventricular failure (patients with evidence of severe heart failure requiring inotropes or vasoactive drugs).
7. Uncontrolled hypertension arterial (systolic pressure \> 180 mm Hg or diastolic pressure \> 90 mm Hg despite antihypertensive therapy).
8. Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
9. Presence of a neuromuscular disease.
10. History of allergy and or adverse reaction to corticosteroids.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* all patients admitted in ICU of Evaggelismos Hospital

Exclusion Criteria:

* age \< 18 years
* pregnancy
* pre-existing neuromuscular disease (e.g. Gravis)
* connective tissue disease
* fractures or skin lesions that do not allow the implementation of EMS
* BMI \> 35 kg/m2
* brain death
* terminal disease
* length of stay \< 48 hours
* presence of pacemaker
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients admitted to any of the five intensive care units
2. Older than 18 years
3. Nutritional risk screening score (NRS) higher or equal to three upon ICU admission

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with a do not resuscitate (DNR) code or moribund at the time of ICU admission
2. Patients already enrolled in another trial
3. Patients transferred from another intensive care unit with an established nutritional therapy
4. Patients suffering from ketoacidotic or hyperosmolar coma on admission
5. Patients with a body mass index (BMI) below 17 kg/m\^2
6. Short bowel syndrome
7. Patients known to be pregnant or nursing
8. Patients on mechanical ventilation at home
9. NRS score lower than three
10. Patient readmitted to ICU after randomization to the EPaNIC trial.
11. Patient not critically ill on admission. (No clinical indication for central intravenous catheter or patient ready for oral nutrition on admission.)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed with ARDS or has risk factors for ARDS; individuals will be considered at risk if they are critically ill and have trauma, sepsis, shock, pneumonia, inhalation injury, drug overdose, pancreatitis, or hypertransfusion
* Onset of ARDS must be between 7 and 28 days prior to study entry
* Since ARDS onset, bilateral infiltrates must have persisted and participants must have required continuous mechanical ventilation

Answer: C