Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Impact of Preanesthetic Information and Behavioral Intervention Using Smartphone Application on Anxiety of Children
Brief Summary: Background: Preoperative Anxiety is a negative factor in anesthetic and surgical experience. Among the strategies for reducing children's anxiety, non-pharmacological strategies are as important as the pharmacological ones, but their its validity is still controversial.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to verify if the information provided to relatives as well as and smartphone application provided to children interferes in prevalence and level of child preoperative anxiety.

Methods: Eighty four children, 4-8 years old, ASA I, II and III, undergoing elective surgical procedures and their relatives are randomly allocated into four groups: control group (CG) where the relative received conventional information about anesthesia; info group (IG), relative received an information leaflet about anesthesia; device group (DG), relative received only conventional verbal information and the child received smartphone application immediately before entering the operating room; device and info group (DIG) relative received a leaflet containing information and the child received smartphone application. Children's anxiety will be assessed using the modified Yale Preoperative Anxiety Scale (m-YPAS) on three occasions: at the ward (W), surgical theater in the waiting room (WR) and at the operating room (OR). Statistics analysis will employ by Kruskall-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests for prevalence and level of anxiety in the groups.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Girls and boys aged 4 to 10 years,
* American Society of Anesthesiologists Score between 1 and 3,
* programmed outpatient surgery for a short term and low level of pain
* Infection with influenza A virus confirmed with a quick diagnostic test,
* informed consent from both parents

Exclusion Criteria:

* patients younger than 4 or older than 10 years old
* preexisting psychiatric disorder with pedo-psychiatric follow-up
* children with intellectual disability
* psychotropic referred to anxiolytic and / or antipsychotic
* history of surgery (n\>=3)
* refusal to participate
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients requiring venipuncture in a pediatric emergency department
* Informed consent
* Patient assent

Exclusion criteria:

* Patients with sickle cell or other sensitivity to cold
* Nerve damage in the area
* Abrasion or break in skin where device would be placed
* Critically ill
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children, ages 4-6 years, scheduled to receive the standard pre-kindergarten immunizations. This consists of two injections: the Dtap (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis) and IPV (injectable polio vaccine) or three injections: DTAP, IPV and MMR (measles, mumps, rubella);
* With or without prior exposure to ST at PMG;
* English speaking subject and parents

Exclusion Criteria:

* Acute concurrent illness;
* Invasive procedures such as cannulation, venipuncture or urinary VCG in the preceding 6 months;
* Hospitalization or ED visit, within the prior 6 months;
* Chronic medical conditions requiring repeated painful interventions;
* Inability to respond age appropriately with verbal and written answers to questions, to pain scale measures, or to questionnaires;
* Refusal to be videotaped.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* ASA physical status I, II and III a
* age between 4 and 8 years
* undergoing minor-medium elective surgical procedures
* indication of general anesthesia
* not receive premedication
* parents are not illiterate.

Exclusion Criteria:

* psychomotor deficits
* use of psychoactive drugs
* hearing and visual impairment
* previous surgery
* for relatives, illness or mental disorder clinically recognized and decline to participate.

Answer: D