Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Strategies for Suspected Pulmonary Embolism in Emergency Departments - SPEED Study
Brief Summary: Aims: 1) To evaluate the effectiveness of two interventions aimed at improving the management of patients with suspected pulmonary embolism: Written guidelines and Computer-Assisted Decision Support (CADS). 2) To evaluate the impact of electronic reminders on the appropriateness of the treatment of patients with suspected PE

Design: Pragmatic, unblinded, cluster randomised controlled study.

Setting: 20 French Emergency Departments

Patients: Out patients suspected of having pulmonary embolism

Methods: Emergency physicians will prospectively complete a standardized electronic form on Personal Data Assistant (PDA), including patients' characteristics, the clinical probability if assessed, the diagnostic tests performed, the treatments initiated and the final diagnostic and therapeutic decisions. Patients will be interviewed at the end of a 3-month follow-up period using a standardized questionnaire.

The reference rate of appropriateness of the diagnostic management before intervention will be assessed in each centre. At the end of this preliminary period, the centres will be randomized in two fold two groups according to a factorial design with stratification on their reference level of appropriateness. Half of the centres will have written guidelines and half a Computer-Assisted Decision Support for the diagnosis of PE on the PDA. In each of these two main groups, half of the centres will have electronic reminders on their PDA concerning the treatment of PE.

Judgment criteria

Main : Rate of strategies considered as validated according to the results of the systematic review and meta-analysis.3

Secondary judgment criteria (diagnosis):

* Rate of strategies considered as validated or acceptable according to the opinion of international advisors.
* Rate of thromboembolic-events during a 3-month follow-up period in patients for whom pulmonary embolism will be ruled out
* Costs of the diagnostic management

Secondary judgment criteria (treatment):

* Delay between Emergency Department admission and the first dose of antithrombotic treatment in patients with high clinical probability of PE according to the Revised Geneva Score
* Rate of inappropriate treatment according to international recommendations for patients with confirmed PE.

Number of patients: By estimating that the rate of appropriateness would be 55% in the "written guidelines" group, 1331 patients are necessary to highlight an absolute superiority of 15% in the "CADS" group (rate of conformity of 70%).

The number of patients will be adjusted at the end of the preliminary period according to the level of appropriateness before interventions considering that it will improve less than 5% in the "written guidelines" group.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Receive CDS intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: MAPLE | Arm Label: No CDS intervention; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: MAPLE; Assigned to Arm(s): Receive CDS intervention
B: Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: HIT Intervention without feedback; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: 3-Part Intervention | Arm Label: HIT Intervention with feedback; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: 4-Part Intervention | Arm Label: Feedback only; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: 1-part intervention | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: 3-Part Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): HIT Intervention without feedback | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: 4-Part Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): HIT Intervention with feedback | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: 1-part intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Feedback only
C: Arm Label: Usual Care; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: STAR - Study of Technology to Accelerate Research | Arm Label: Clinician intervention only; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: STAR - Study of Technology to Accelerate Research | Arm Label: Clinician intervention plus Direct-to-parent communication; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: STAR - Study of Technology to Accelerate Research | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: STAR - Study of Technology to Accelerate Research; Assigned to Arm(s): Clinician intervention only, Clinician intervention plus Direct-to-parent communication, Usual Care
D: Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Computer-Assisted diagnostic Decision Support; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: written diagnostic guidelines; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: electronic therapeutic reminders; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A

Answer: D