Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Evaluation of Two Mental Health Interventions Based on the Community for Violence-Displaced Afro-Descendants in Colombia.
Brief Summary: This study is a community prevention randomized trial with three parallel groups: two intervention groups and one control group in Buenaventura and Quibdó.

The aim of the trial is to evaluate the impact of two community interventions on mental health; the intervention groups are designed to decrease depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorders symptoms as well as the level of dysfunctionality in Afro-Colombian victims of violence.

Adult people (equal or more than 18 years old) belonging to Afro-Colombian communities in both cities will participate in the enter survey. The subjects will be selected based on the severity of symptoms, traumatic experiences and a level of dysfunction identified using the instruments of this research (i.e. those obtaining an score equal or higher than 49 in symptoms (25% of the total of symptoms)).

The fieldwork and the interventions will be conducted by people belonging to the community; they are called Lay Psychosocial Community Workers (LPCW). After six (6) weeks of formal training, they will be able to perform two kinds of interventions, Common Elements Treatment Approach (CETA) based on a cognitive behavioral intervention and Narrative Community Group Therapy (NCGT), for the people affected by violence and displacement that were pre-selected according to the baseline instrument.

The LPCW will be under the constant supervision by psychologists of the project, and under weekly supervision by a group of experts from Johns Hopkins University, the Heartland Alliance and The Institute for Research and Development in Violence Prevention and Promotion of Peaceful Coexistence Social (CISALVA) by means of phone calls or monthly visits to the cities. Selected subjects will be randomly allocated to any study branch: CETA, NCGT or the waiting control group.

The study subjects will follow their allocated treatment, or waiting in the control group, for 8 to 12 weeks; then they will be re-assessed using the project instrument two weeks after the last session of therapy.

The study outcome is the differences in instrument scores between the follow-up and the baseline among the interventions (CETA or NCGT) and control group.

Control subjects will be assessed by the project psychologist after the follow-up, and they will receive treatment when necessary.


Options:
A: Inclusion criteria

* Child ages 6 to 12 months at the time of intervention launch residing in the catchment areas of the five study health facilities
* Child's mother or main caregiver must be 15 years or older
* Child's primary caregiver must be a female (because the participants in the caregiver groups may feel uncomfortable discussing certain issues if a man is present)

Exclusion criteria

* Caregivers who are unwilling to provide informed consent
* Families that plan to move from their health center catchment zone during the twelve month period of the study
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adolescents studying in grade 6, 7 and 8 of the selected schools at the time of data collection
* Adolescents with written consent from themselves and their guardian

Exclusion Criteria:

* Adolescent who refused to participate
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Victims of massive violence from northern Kosovo who reported one or more of the following experiences: 1) torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (TCIDTP); 2) sexual harassment, molestation, rape or insertion of a blunt object into a genital organ and/or the rectum; 3) arrest and detention without warrant or order; or 4) extrajudicial execution of family members, perpetrated by members of law enforcement agency.
* Clinical diagnosis of PTSD and one of following symptoms: depression, anxiety or chronic pain

Exclusion Criteria:

* With mental retardation or significant speech or cognitive impairment that would impede assessments
* With past or present schizophrenia
* With major alcoholic or substance abuse problems
* Having recently undergone chemotherapy or chemo-radiotherapy for cancer or will have these therapy within following 6 months,
* Having had any CBT in the past three years
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults (18 years of age or older) Afro-Colombian victims of violence and torture who have expressed sadness, suffering psychological trauma caused by violence and when the situation was known by the leaders of Afro-Colombian Displaced Association (AFRODES) or the community leaders contacted by the research team.
* Persons with a total symptomatic value greater than or equal to 49 points in the study instrument, with the presence of trauma from violence, and a loss of functionality score greater than zero.
* Individuals who signed the informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* People of ethnicities other than Afro-Colombian.
* Children under 18 years old.
* Persons who present symptoms of severe mental illness such as schizophrenia, psychotic episodes, suicidal attempters, and those who potentially could harm others.
* Anyone who is related with the counselors (LPCW).

Answer: D