Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized Clinical Trial of Chiropractic Manual Therapy Plus Home Exercise, Supervised Exercise Plus Home Exercise and Home Exercise Alone For Individual 65 and Over With Chronic Mechanical Neck Pain
Brief Summary: The purpose of this randomized clinical trial is to assess the relative effectiveness of three conservative treatment approaches for seniors with chronic neck pain: 1) chiropractic manual treatment plus home exercise, 2) supervised exercise plus home exercise and 3) home exercise alone.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* All the subjects employed at the Municipality of Turin at September, 2007 will be recruited.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Because of the pragmatic design, no exclusion criteria are required for this study.
B: Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women, due to use of diagnostic procedures (x-rays) and study treatments (NSAIDs and narcotic medications)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults between 18 and 60 years old from the city and the surrounding Trois-Rivières with chronic cervical pain of non-traumatic origin (chronic or recurrent cervical pain that lasted at least 6 months)

Exclusion Criteria:

Exclusion criteria for the project are:

* Surgery to the cervical spine
* Neoplasms
* Severe osteoarthritis
* Ankylosing spondylitis
* Hypertension
* Referred pain in the cervical area
* Central or peripheric nervous system dysfunction
* Vascular disease
* Treated cardiovascular disease
* Inflammatory or infectious disease of the cervical spine
* Metabolic or endocrine diseases
* Pregnancy
* Specific rehabilitation training for the neck or already under manual therapy for neck pain
* Patient suffering from dizziness, vertigo or headache suspected to be cervicogenic or of unknown origin will not be involved in the study.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Chronic neck pain (Defined as current episode more than 12 weeks duration.)
* Quebec Task Force classifications 1, 2, 3 and 4. This includes patients with neck pain, stiffness or tenderness, with or without musculoskeletal and neurological signs.
* 65 years of age and older
* Independent ambulation
* Community dwelling (residency outside nursing home)
* Score of 20 or more on Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination
* Stable prescription medication plan (no changes in prescription medications that affect musculoskeletal pain in previous month)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Referred neck pain from local joint lesions of the upper extremities or from visceral diseases
* Significant infectious disease
* Ongoing treatment for neck pain by other health care providers
* Mean neck pain score of less than 20 percentage points
* Contraindications to exercise Determined by history or by referral to supplementary diagnostic tests (i.e., uncontrolled arrhythmias, third degree heart block, recent ECG changes, unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, acute congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, poorly controlled blood pressure, uncontrolled metabolic disease)
* Contraindications to spinal manipulation (i.e. Progressive neurological deficits, blood clotting disorders, severe osteoporosis, infectious and non-infectious inflammatory or destructive tissue changes of the spine)

Answer: D