Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A 12-week Treatment, Multi-center, Randomized, Double-blind, Parallel-group, Placebo and Active Controlled Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Indacaterol Maleate / Glycopyrronium Bromide in COPD Patients With Moderate to Severe Airflow Limitation.
Brief Summary: This study will assess the efficacy, safety and tolerability of QVA149 in patients with moderate to severe airflow limitation.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult male or non-pregnant, non-lactating female aged ≥40. Women of childbearing potential are allowed to enter the trial if they show to have a negative serum pregnancy test at the Screening Visit and are using, during the last two months before the Screening Visit, at least one medically approved and highly effective method of birth control defined as those which result in a low failure rate (i.e less than 1% per year) when used consistently and correctly such as implants, injectables, oral contraceptives combined with at least one barrier method, hormonal Intrauterine Devices (IUDs), sexual abstinence or vasectomy of the partner.
* Current or ex-cigarette smoker, with a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years.
* Patient with a clinical diagnosis of stable COPD according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Lung Disease "GOLD" Guidelines at the Screening Visit.
* Patient whose FEV1/FVC (Forced Vital Capacity) at the Screening Visit measured between 10-15 minutes post inhalation of 400 micrograms of salbutamol is \< 70% (i.e., 100 x Post-salbutamol FEV1 /FVC \< 70%).
* Patient with a diagnosis of moderate to severe COPD according to the GOLD Guidelines classification (stages II and III) at the Screening Visit: FEV1 measured between 10-15 minutes post inhalation of 400 micro grams of salbutamol is 30% \< FEV1 \< 80% of the predicted normal value (i.e., 100 x Post-salbutamol FEV1/ Predicted FEV1 must be \< 80% and ≥ 30%).
* Patient must be able to perform repeatable pulmonary function testing for FEV1 according to American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society "ATS/ERS" 2005 criteria at Screening Visit.
* Patient who is eligible and able to participate in the trial and who consent to do so in writing after the purpose and nature of the investigation have been explained.

Exclusion Criteria:

* History or current diagnosis of asthma.
* Any respiratory tract infection (including the upper respiratory tract) or COPD exacerbation in the 6 weeks before Screening Visit.
* Patient hospitalised for COPD exacerbation within 3 months prior to Screening Visit.
* Clinically significant respiratory conditions defined as:

  * Known active tuberculosis.
  * History of interstitial lung or massive pulmonary thromboembolic disease.
  * Pulmonary resection or lung volume reduction surgery within 12 months prior to Screening Visit.
  * History of lung transplantation.
  * History of bronchiectasis secondary to respiratory diseases others than COPD (e.g., cystic fibrosis, Kartagener's syndrome, etc).
  * Known a1-antitrypsin deficiency.
* Patients who in the Investigator's opinion might have needed to start a pulmonary rehabilitation program during the study and/or patients who started/finished it within 3 months prior to screening.
* Use of long-term oxygen therapy (≥ 15 hours/day).
* Patients who did not maintain regular day/night, waking/sleeping cycles including night shift workers (eg, history of sleep apnoea syndrome, any condition related to sleep disturbances such as restless-legs syndrome or somnambulism).
* Clinically significant cardiovascular conditions defined as:

  * Myocardial infarction within the 6 months prior to screening.
  * Thoracic surgery within 12 months prior to screening.
  * Unstable angina or unstable arrhythmia which had required changes in the pharmacological therapy or other intervention within 12 months prior to screening, or newly diagnosed arrhythmia within the previous 3 months prior to screening.
  * Hospitalisation within 12 months prior to screening for heart failure functional classes III (marked limitation of activity and only comfortable at rest) and IV (need of complete rest, confinement to bed or chair, discomfort at any physical activity and presence of symptoms at rest) as per the New York Heart Association.
* Patients (with or without pharmacological therapy) with resting systolic blood pressure (SBP)

  ≥200 mmHg, a resting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ≥120 mmHg, or a resting heart rate ≥105 beats per minute (bpm) at screening and at Visit 1 prior to randomisation.
* Patients with interval corrected for heart rate "QTc" \[calculated according to formulae (QTc=QT/RR1/2) \> 470 msec as indicated in the centralised reading report assessed at Screening Visit.
* Patients with clinically relevant abnormalities in the clinical laboratory tests, ECG parameters (other than QT interval corrected using Bazett's formula \[QTcB\]) or in the physical examination at screening, if the abnormality defined a disease state listed as exclusion criteria, except for those related to COPD.
* Patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to inhaled anticholinergics, sympathomimetic amines, or inhaled medication or any component thereof (including report of paradoxical bronchospasm). Patients with known narrow-angle glaucoma, symptomatic bladder neck obstruction or acute urinary retention.
* Patients with symptomatic non-stable prostate hypertrophy. (However, patients with well-controlled, stable, asymptomatic benign prostatic hypertrophy were not excluded).
* Patients with known uncontrolled history of infection with human immunodeficiency virus and/or active hepatitis.
* Current diagnosis of cancer other than basal or squamous cell skin cancer.
* Life expectancy of less than 1 year.
* Patients with any other serious or uncontrolled physical or mental dysfunction that, as judged by the Investigator, could have placed the patient at higher risk from his/her participation in the study, could have confounded the results of the study, or is likely to prevent the patient from complying with the requirements of the study, or completing the study.
* Patients with a history (within 2 years prior to screening) of drug and/or alcohol abuse that might have prevented study compliance based on the Investigator judgment.
* Patients unlikely to be cooperative (eg, take the medication, complete the Patient Diaries or attend the clinic at the required times).
* Patients unable to properly use a DPI or pMDI inhaler device or to perform spirometry measurements.
* Patients previously randomised in a study involving aclidinium bromide/formoterol FDC.
* Patients previously randomised in a study involving aclidinium bromide monotherapy except when participation finished at least 6 months before screening.
* Patients treated with any investigational drug within 30 days (or 6 half-lives, whichever is longer) prior to screening.
* Patients who intended to use any concomitant medication not permitted by this protocol or who had not undergone the required washout period for a particular prohibited medication.
* Patients unable to give consent, or patients of consenting age but under guardianship, or vulnerable patients.
* Patients employed, or relatives of employees at the study centre, Almirall or Forest Laboratories.
* Any other conditions that, in the Investigator's opinion, might have indicated the patient to be unsuitable for the study.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with moderate to severe stable Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD) Stage II or Stage III according to Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Guidelines.
* Patients with a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) ≥ 30 % and/or \<80 % of the predicted normal, and a post-bronchodilator FEV1/Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) \< 0.70 at screening.
* Current or ex-smokers who have a smoking history of at least 10 pack years
* Symptomatic patients according to daily diary data.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant or nursing (lactating) women.
* Women of child-bearing potential unless using adequate contraception.
* Patients with Type I or uncontrolled Type II diabetes.
* Patients with a history of long time interval between start of Q wave and end of T wave in the heart's electrical cycle (QT) syndrome or whose QT corrected for heart rate (QTc) measured at screening (Visit 2) (Fridericia's method) is prolonged
* Patients with paroxysmal (e.g. intermittent) atrial fibrillation
* Patients who have a clinically significant electrocardiogram (ECG) or laboratory abnormality at screening (Visit 2)

Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with moderate to severe stable COPD (Stage II or Stage III) according to the current GOLD Guidelines (GOLD 2010).
* Patients with a post-bronchodilator Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1) ≥ 30% and \< 80% of the predicted normal, and a post-bronchodilator FEV1/ Forced Vital Capacity (FVC) \< 0.70 at screening
* Current or ex-smokers who have a smoking history of at least 10 pack years (e.g. 10 pack years = 1 pack/day x 10 yrs, or ½ pack/day x 20 yrs).
* Symptomatic patients, according to daily electronic diary data between Visit 2 (Day -14) and Visit 3 (Day 1), with a total score of 1 or more on at least 4 of the last 7 days prior to Visit 3.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant or nursing (lactating) women
* Patients who, in the judgment of the investigator, or the responsible Novartis personnel, have a clinically relevant laboratory abnormality or a clinically significant condition before Visit 1.
* Patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia or bladder-neck obstruction or moderate to severe renal impairment or urinary retention. (BPH patients who are stable on treatment can be considered).
* Patients receiving medications in the classes listed in the protocol as prohibited.

Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria apply and can be found in the study protocol
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male and female patients that have signed informed consent and are \>/= 40 years of age.
* Patients with stable COPD according to GOLD 2011.
* Patients with a post-bronchodilator FEV1 of \>/= 30% and \< 80% predicted and a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC \<0.70.
* Current or ex-smokers who have a smoking history of at least 10 pack years.
* Patients with an mMRC grade 2 or greater.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with Type I or uncontrolled Type II diabetes - Patients with a history of long QT syndrome or whose QTc measured at Visit 101 (Fridericia method) is prolonged (\>450 ms for males and females) and confirmed by a central assessor. (These patients should not be re-screened.)
* Patients who have a clinically significant ECG abnormality at Visit 101 or Visit 102. (These patients should not be re-screened.)
* Patients with a history of malignancy of any organ system, treated or untreated, within the last five years.
* Patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, BPH or bladder-neck obstruction or moderate-severe renal impairment or urinary retention.
* Patients who had a COPD exacerbation within 6 weeks prior to screening.
* Patients who have a respiratory tract infection within 4 weeks prior to screening.
* Patients requiring long term oxygen therapy prescribed for more than 12 hr per day.
* Patients with a history of asthma. 8. Patients with an onset of respiratory symptoms, including COPD diagnosis, prior to age 40 years.
* Patients with a blood eosinophil count of greater than 600 mm/3 during run-in.
* Patients with concomitant pulmonary disease.
* Patients with a diagnosis of alpha-1 anti-trypsin deficiency.
* Patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis.
* Patients in the active phase of a pulmonary rehabilitation programme.
* Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply

Answer: D