Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized, Multicenter Evaluation of Intravenous Levosimendan Efficacy Versus Placebo in the Short Term Treatment of Decompensated Chronic Heart Failure: the REVIVE II Study.
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of a 24-hour infusion of levosimendan compared with placebo in the treatment of decompensated chronic heart failure.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* hospitalization for decompensated heart failure
* dobutamine dependence
* ejection fraction \< 0.45
* taking angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor

Exclusion Criteria:

* serum creatinine \> 3.0 mg/dL
* serum potassium \> 6.0 mEq/L
* systolic blood pressure \< 70 mm Hg
* aortic stenosis
* acute coronary syndrome in the previous 2 months
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Written informed consent
* Age \> 18 years
* Perioperative myocardial dysfunction

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous unusual response to levosimendan or soluvit or any of their components
* Inclusion in other randomised controlled studies in the previous 30 days
* Levosimendan administration in the previous 30 days
* Parkinson's disease
* Emergency operation
* Kidney or liver transplant
* Liver cirrhosis (Child B or C)
* Decision to use ECMO (ECMO already started or planned)
* Do not resuscitate patient
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Confirmed myocardial infarction (heart attack)
* Confirmed persistent cardiogenic shock
* Confirmed patency of the infarct related artery (heart attack artery has been opened through the use of a blood clot dissolving drug or a balloon or angioplasty heart procedure)
* Less than 24 hour duration of cardiogenic shock (the time since the heart attack occurred and the artery was opened must be less than 24 hours)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Infection
* Other cause of shock (not heart attack)
* Shock due to heart valve disease
* Severe heart valve disease
* Right sided heart failure
* Shock due to arrhythmia (irregular heart rhythm)
* Severe kidney disease
* Aortic dissection (tear in aorta)
* Adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (severe lung inflammation)
* Severe brain damage
* Severe irreversible multi-system failure (failure of multiple body organs)
* Major chest or abdominal surgical procedure within 30 days except if prior CABG and reocclusion occurs
* Primary pulmonary hypertension (high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs)
* Age younger than 18 years
* Requirement for emergency coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) or infarct-related artery occlusion (heart attack artery completely blocked)
* Ongoing or recent participation in another clinical trial of an investigational drug
* Prior enrollment in this study or rapid resolution of cardiogenic shock before treatment (shock gets better before study starts)
* Positive pregnancy test in women who are of childbearing potential
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* A written informed consent must be obtained for hospitalized male or female patients over 18 years old of age.
* The eligible patients must be diagnosed with worsening heart failure as evidenced by dyspnea at rest, poor ejection fraction and have been treated with IV diuretics.
* It is allowable for the patients to be treated with IV inotropes and vasodilators.

Exclusion Criteria:

The following criteria would exclude the patient from study:

* invasive cardiac procedure (e.g. cardiac surgery, LVAD, cardioversion, cardiac re-synchronization),
* rhythm disorders (e.g. earlier Torsades de Pointes, increased heart rate),
* severe ventricular outflow obstruction,
* angina,
* hypotension,
* uncorrected hypokalemia,
* CNS (e.g. stroke, TIA),
* respiratory (e.g. COPD, intubated patients, oral,
* intravenous or intramuscular steroids),
* renal insufficiency (e.g. increased serum creatinine, dialysis),
* hepatic impairment (e.g. significant increase in liver enzymes),
* decompensation from active infection and acute bleeding (e.g. severe anemia).
* Female patients of child bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test and use adequate contraceptive precautions.
* Also excluded is the use of amrinone and milrinone prior to randomization, a history of hypersensitivity to levosimendan or any of the excipients and previous participation in a clinical trial with any experimental treatment within the last 30 days.

Answer: D