Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized Controlled Trial Of RePneu (LVRC) Endobronchial Coils For The Treatment Of Severe Emphysema With Hyperinflation (RESET Study)
Brief Summary: The objective of this study is to demonstrate the safety and performance of the PneumRx, Inc. Lung Volume Reduction Coil (LVRC) in a population of patients with emphysema. The PneumRx, Inc. LVRC is used as a less invasive alternative to lung volume reduction surgery.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* clinical diagnosis of advanced upper lobe emphysema
* age \>/= 40 years
* clinically significant dyspnea
* failure of standard medical therapy to relieve symptoms (inhaled beta agonist \& inhaled anticholinergic)
* pulmonary function tests within protocol-specified ranges (post bronchodilator FEV1 \< 45% predicted \& experiencing \< 30% or 300 mL improvement using bronchodilator; total lung capacity \> 110% predicted; residual volume \> 150% predicted)
* 6 Minute Walk Distance \>/= 150 m

Exclusion Criteria:

* alpha-1 protease inhibitor deficiency
* homogeneous emphysema
* tobacco use within 4 months of initial visit
* body mass index \< 15 kg/m2 or\> 35 kg/m2
* clinically significant asthma, chronic bronchitis or bronchiectasis
* allergy or sensitivity to procedural components
* pregnant, lactating or unwilling to use birth control if required
* prior lung volume reduction surgery, lobectomy, pneumonectomy, lung transplant, endotracheal valve placement, airway stent placement or pleurodesis
* comorbid condition that could adversely influence outcomes
* inability to tolerate bronchoscopy under conscious sedation (or anesthesia)
* history of renal infarction or renal failure
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient greater than or equal to 35 years of age
* High resolution CT scan indicates unilateral or bilateral emphysema
* High resolution CT scan indicates homogeneous or heterogeneous emphysema
* Patient has post-bronchodilator FEV1 less than or equal to 45% predicted
* Total Lung Capacity greater than 100% predicted
* Patient has marked dyspnea scoring greater than or equal to 2 on mMRC scale of 0-4
* Patient has stopped smoking for a minimum of 8 weeks prior to entering the study
* Patient (and legal guardian if applicable) read, understood and signed the Informed Consent form

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient has a change in FEV1 greater than 20% post-bronchodilator
* Patients DLCO less than 20% predicted
* Patient has a history of recurrent clinically significant respiratory infection
* Patient has uncontrolled pulmonary hypertension defined by right ventricular pressure greater than 50mm Hg and/or evidenced by echocardiogram
* Patient has an inability to walk greater than 140 meters (150 yards) in 6 minutes
* Patient has evidence of other disease that may compromise survival such as lung cancer, renal failure, etc
* Patient is pregnant or lactating
* Patient has an inability to tolerate bronchoscopy under heavy sedation or anesthesia
* Patient has clinically significant bronchiectasis
* Patient has giant bullae greater than 1/3 lung volume
* Patient has had previous LVR surgery, lung transplant or lobectomy
* Patient has been involved in other pulmonary drug studies with 30 days prior to this study
* Patient is taking greater than 20 mg prednisone (or similar steroid) daily
* Patient is on Plavix or has not been weaned off prior to procedure
* Patient has other disease that would interfere with completion of study, follow up assessments or that would adversely affect outcomes
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subject is greater than or equal to 35 yrs of age
* CT Scan indicates bilateral emphysema, as determined by the Core Radiology Lab using the criteria presented in the "CT Scoring Plan for Core Radiology Lab"
* Subject has post-bronchodilator FEV1 less than or equal to 45% predicted
* Subject has Total Lung Capacity \>100% predicted
* Subject has residual volume (RV) greater than or equal to 175% predicted
* Subject has marked dyspnea greater than or equal to 2 on mMRC scale of 0-4
* Subject has stopped smoking for at least 8 weeks prior to entering the study as confirmed by a Cotinine test or other appropriate diagnostic test.
* Subject has completed a pulmonary rehabilitation program within 6 mos prior to treatment and/or is regularly performing maintenance respiratory rehabilitation if initial supervised therapy occurred more than 6 mos prior to baseline testing.
* Subject has received Pneumococcal and Influenza vaccinations consistent with local recommendations and/or policy.
* Subject (and legal guardian, if applicable) has read, understood, and signed the Informed Consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subject has severe homogeneous emphysema determined by Core Radiology Lab.
* Subject has co-morbidities that may significantly reduce subject's ability to improve exercise capacity (e.g., severe arthritis, planned knee surgery) or baseline limitation on 6MWT is not due to dyspnea.
* Subject has a change in FEV1 of greater than 20% (or, for subjects with pre-bronchodilator FEV1 below 1L, a change of greater than 200mL) post-bronchodilator unless investigator can confirm by other means that subject does not have asthma.
* Subject has DLCO of less than 20% of predicted.
* Subject has severe gas exchange abnormalities, PaCO2 of greater than 55mm Hg; PaO2 of less than 45 mm Hg on room air (high altitude criterion: PaO2 of less than 30mm Hg).
* Subject has a history of recurrent clinically significant respiratory infections, defined as 3 hospitalizations for respiratory infection during the year prior to enrollment.
* Subject as severe pulmonary hypertension defined by right ventricular systolic pressure of greater than 50mm Hg via right heart catheterization and/or echocardiogram
* Subject has an inability to walk \>140m (150 yd) in 6 minutes
* Subject has evidence of other severe disease (such as but not limited to lung cancer or renal failure), which in the judgment of the investigator may compromise survival of the subject for the duration of the study.
* Subject is pregnant or lactating, or plans to become pregnant within the study timeframe.
* Subject has an inability to tolerate bronchoscopy under moderate sedation or general anesthesia.
* Subject has clinically significant bronchiectasis.
* Subject has giant bullae \>1/3 lung volume
* Subject has had previous LVR surgery, lung transplantation, lobectomy or LVR devices or other device to treat COPD in either lung.
* Subject has been involved in pulmonary drug or device studies within 30 days prior to this study.
* Subject is taking \>20mg prednisone (or equivalent dose of a similar steroid) daily.
* Subject requires high level chronic immunomodulatory therapy to treat a moderate to severe chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder.
* Subject is on an antiplatelet agent (such as Plavix) or anticoagulant therapy (such as Heparin or Coumadin) which cannot be stopped for 7 days prior to the procedure.
* Subject has any other disease, condition(s) or habit(s) that would interfere with completion of study and follow up assessments, would increase risks of bronchoscopy or assessments, or in the judgment of the investigator would potentially interfere with compliance to this study or would adversely affect study outcomes.
* Subject has a sensitivity or allergy to nitinol (nickel-titanium) or its constituent metals.
* Subject has a known sensitivity to drugs required to perform bronchoscopy.
* Subject has been diagnosed with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency (AATD).
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Heterogeneous emphysema with upper lobe predominance in both lungs
* FEV1 between 20% and 45% predicted
* Residual volume (RV) \> 150% predicted
* Post-rehabilitation 6-minute walk test \> 140 meters

Exclusion Criteria:

* More than 3 COPD related hospitalizations requiring antibiotics in past 12 months
* FEV1 \< 20% predicted
* DLCO \< 20% predicted or immeasurable DLCO
* Body mass index (BMI) \< 18kg/m2 or \> 32 kg/m2
* History of any of the following:

  * Left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) ≤ 40%
  * Stroke
  * Myocardial infarction or acute coronary syndrome in previous year
  * Hospitalization due to left ventricular failure in previous 3 years

Answer: B