Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Testing the Effect of Mobile Conditional Cash Transfers (mCCTs) of Different Schedules and Amounts on Routine Childhood Immunization Coverage and Timeliness in Pakistan: A Randomized Control Trial.
Brief Summary: Like many developing countries, Pakistan faces a public health challenge of low and incomplete immunization rates of children, only 54% of children aged 12 to 24 months are fully immunized, which leaves children susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is a low-cost and effective health intervention, but the uptake is low, delayed, and completion rates are poor.

Door-to-door campaigns can increase coverage, but are extremely expensive. Incentive-based approaches have been rigorously demonstrated to effectively increase take-up and completion rates of immunization, and there is substantial evidence that small incentives can have a large impact on the take up of preventative health behavior in general. There are two major constraints to scaling these findings, however.

This study will attempt to find the most effective incentive design that helps increase the coverage of full immunization rates among children between the ages of 0 - 24 months in the city of Karachi, Pakistan. The study proposes to conduct a randomized control trial involving small conditional cash transfers (mCCTs) to determine the optimal CCT amount (high versus low), schedule (flat versus increasing) and design (lottery versus sure payment) that would lead to the highest increase in immunization rates. Interactive Research and Development's digital immunization registry will be used to enrol and randomize the study participants and generate CCTs disbursed through a mobile money transfer platform and mobile top - ups . The three year study will be conducted in Karachi, Pakistan enrolling a sample of 11,200 children, 0-2 years of age.

The study aims to provide evidence regarding the most cost-effective way to structure incentives in terms of size, schedule, and design; and address the challenge of delivering small incentives in a way that is inexpensive, logistically simple, and not subject to leakage.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women
* Age \> 18 years
* 1st consultation before the 26th week of amenorrhea
* Recipient of free health care (Couverture Maladie Universelle, Couverture Maladie Universelle-Complémentaire)
* Who have provided written informed consent to take part in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Persons without national health insurance cover
* Persons unable to understand the information on the study, despite the help of a translator or a person of trust if necessary
* Persons under guardianship
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children between 0 - 23 months of age visiting the EPI center for BCG/OPV-0 or Pentavalent-1/Polio-1/PCV-1 or Pentavalent-2/Polio-2/PCV-2 vaccination.
* Children permanently residing within Korangi Town, Karachi and planto remain there for the next three years.
* Caregiver accompanying the child can provide a valid mobile phone number at the time of enrolment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children visiting the EPI center for Pentavalent-2 or Measles-1 or Measles 2
* Children born out of multiple births i.e twins or triplets
* Children not residing or planning to move out of Korangi in the next three years
* Children accompanied by caregivers unable to provide a phone number
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* \< 33 weeks gestational age at birth;
* On no respiratory support or low level respiratory support (i.e., oxygen by cannula or mask, or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP);
* A primary caregiver parent who is willing and able to commit to spending at least 8 hours per day with her/his infant between the hours of 0700 and 2000;
* Parental consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Palliative care;
* Major life threatening congenital anomaly;
* Critical illness (unlikely to survive);
* On high level of respiratory support (mechanical ventilator, high frequency oscillatory or jet ventilation, extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation)
* Parental request for early transfer to another hospital;
* Parental inability to participate (e.g., health, social or language issues that might inhibit their ability to communicate with the healthcare team).
D: Inclusion Criteria:

The eligible population includes patients less than 80 years of age enrolled in primary care clinics at the study sites that meet the following additional inclusion criteria:

* No active prescription for a thiazide diuretic (or a medication that combines a thiazide and another agent (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene)
* Prior diagnosis of hypertension, as documented in VA outpatient administrative files
* Two or more visits to a primary care clinic in the prior 12 months;
* Blood pressure above treatment goal at the two most recent VA outpatient clinic visits Above goal is defined as a systolic pressure \>140 mmHg or diastolic pressure \>90 mmHg. For diabetics above goal is defined as systolic pressure \>130 mmHg or diastolic pressure \>80 mmHg
* Blood pressure at goal (as defined above) during one of the last two outpatient clinic visits, but the patient is receiving a prescription for a calcium channel blocker (CCB)

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients meeting the above inclusion criteria will be excluded for the following reasons:

* Documented allergy to thiazides or to sulfa agents
* Previously documented intolerance or adverse drug reaction to thiazide diuretics
* Active prescription for a loop diuretic agent (e.g. furosemide)
* Renal insufficiency, defined by a glomerular filtration rate less than 30 ml/min
* No serum creatinine in the past year (to permit calculation of a creatinine clearance)
* Prior history of hypokalemia or serum potassium less than 3.5 meq/l in the prior year
* Diagnosis of gout or active prescription for allopurinol
* Congestive heart failure (CHF) due to systolic dysfunction with a documented left ventricular ejection fraction \< 35% by echocardiography, nuclear medicine study, or ventriculography
* Residence in a long-term care facility
* No telephone for follow-up calls
* Life-expectancy \< 6 months
* Inability to give informed consent or impaired cognitive function (defined as \> 4 errors on the 10-item Pfeiffer Portable Mental Status Questionnaire82, administered during study intake)

Answer: B