Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Study to Assess the Role of Oral Sucrose in Reducing the Pain to Orogastric Tube Insertion in Preterm Neonates
Brief Summary: RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS Orally administered sucrose 2 minutes prior to the procedure of OGT insertion reduces pain associated with the procedure.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES:

To study the effect of 24% oral sucrose on decreasing the painful response to orogastric tube insertion .


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* All pre-terms ( \< 37 weeks of gestational age.)
* Within the first 7 days postnatal days (\</=168 hours).
* Clinically stable from respiratory, hemodynamic and metabolic point of view.
* Who have not received any painful stimulus at least 30 minutes prior to the intervention.
* Requiring routine orogastric tube insertion within the first 7 days of life.
* Only the first attempt at putting OGT in controlled NICU environment will be considered

Exclusion Criteria:

The neonates with the following characteristics will be excluded from the study:

* Neonates requiring ventilatory support.
* Neonates requiring oxygen supplementation.
* Having any facial congenital anomalies.
* Having any neurological impairment.
* Receiving opiates or born to mothers receiving opiates.
* New born babies to whom muscle relaxants, sedatives and analgesics have been administered.
* With grade 3 and 4 IVH.
* With major congenital anomalies
* Any history of birth trauma especially involving face or scalp (including cephalhematoma/ subgaleal bleed).
* Face presentation.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Requiring retinal exam for ROP screening
* Clinically stable
* At least 30 0/7 weeks of corrected gestational age at the time of study
* Not on mechanical ventilation or CPAP at the time of study
* Requiring an inspired concentration of oxygen less than 50%

Exclusion Criteria:

* - Craniofacial malformations
* Cyanotic cardiac disease
* Hemodynamically significant cardiac lesions
* Known pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum
* Congenital pulmonary malformations
* Neuromuscular disease
* Receiving opiates, benzodiazepines or barbiturates at the time of study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* born at a gestational age between 32+0 and 36+6 weeks,
* being nourished with breast milk
* the necessity for a clinical blood sample.

Exclusion Criteria:

* perinatal asphyxia,
* birth trauma,
* condition of cardio-respiratory instability,
* condition of serious nutritional problems with clinical evidence of gastro oesophageal reflux disease,
* drug abuse of the mother
* and application of sedative medication to mother or child.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* must be born between 24 0/7 and 32 0/7 weeks of gestation
* must be hospitalized in the NICU
* it must be anticipated that they will need at least 5 routine heel sticks
* their parents give informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

had a high-grade intraventricular hemorrhaging (grade III and IV);

* have a severe, life-threatening malformations;
* are suffering from any condition involving partial or total loss of sensitivity
* had a pHa \< 7.00;
* had surgery for any reason; or
* have a congenital malformation affecting brain circulation or the cardiovascular system.

Answer: A