Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of Parent-Implemented Intervention for Toddlers With Autism Spectrum (The ESI Study)
Brief Summary: This study will compare the effectiveness of two parent-based programs for helping young children at risk of autism.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Presence of autism risk factors and a clinical diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder based on a diagnostic evaluation conducted by the project team
2. Families agree to twice monthly play group sessions for 9 months and two to three intervention sessions per week for 9 months, usually to be scheduled within workday hours
3. Families agree to monthly evaluations, videotaping of intervention sessions, and weekly or monthly video checks during the 18 months of treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Child does not have normal hearing or adequate motor control to make simple actions, such as giving and reaching gestures
2. Primary language of family is not English
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Child meets screening criteria for PDD
* Not currently enrolled in a pre-existing intervention program
* Parent is available for intervention
* Child must be ready to start in the Early Childhood Partial Hospitalization Program (ECPHP) at UCLA

Exclusion Criteria:

* Child does not have other sensory or genetic disorders
* Children already on medication on the outset, although we find few toddlers already on medication when they begin treatment. If children begin medication after treatment commences, then we will keep all informatin and data pertaining to possible medication effects and statistically convey medication use if necessary
* Co-morbidity, participant diagnosed with other diseases
* Family/participant unable to follow-up
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder
* Parent or guardian willing to give informed consent for child's participation
* Developmental level above 9 months on the Visual Reception Scale of the Mullen Scales of Early Learning and on the Adaptive Behavior Composite of the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales
* English is primary language for child and family

Exclusion Criteria:

* Evidence of vision or hearing impairment
* Diagnosis of fragile X syndrome, Rett syndrome, tuberous sclerosis, neurofibromatosis, phenylketonuria, or congenital rubella
* History of severe birth trauma or traumatic brain injury
* Siblings with autism spectrum disorder
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of autism from a licensed psychologist or board certified developmental pediatrician, or child and adolescent psychiatrist, confirmed by Module 1 of the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (Lord et al., 2001)
* Chronological age between 5 and 8 years
* Classified as nonverbal with fewer than 20 spontaneous expressive words as determined by parent report, language sample, and standardized tests.
* Demonstrated slow or no progress in expressive language acquisition despite at least 2 years of early intervention

Exclusion Criteria:

* Major medical conditions other than autism, specifically: a) motor disabilities such as cerebral palsy or tuberous sclerosis, b) sensory disabilities such as blindness or deafness, and c) genetic disorders such as Fragile X or Down syndrome.
* Nonverbal mental age \< 24 months, based on a nonverbal score from the Leiter-R (Roid \& Miller, 1997).

Answer: A