Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Community-Based Diabetes Care for Korean American Immigrants
Brief Summary: The primary aims are to test the effectiveness of the self-help DM intervention (SHIP-DM), a comprehensive, culturally tailored DM management intervention, in improving glucose outcomes; To determine the effectiveness of the SHIP-DM in KAI with type 2 DM in improving self-care skills and psycho-behavioral outcomes related to DM control, to develop tangible infrastructures for the dissemination of valid and effective education materials to a wider population of KAI with type 2 DM in the US (e.g., audio-visual education materials, web-based intervention materials, mobile telephone-based intervention materials) and to explore the feasibility and acceptability of each dissemination module, utilizing the delayed intervention group participants. The secondary aims are to obtain preliminary cost-effectiveness data related to the proposed intervention, including cost estimates for this type of DM intervention, and to establish a systematic, long-term dissemination plan, including documenting effective methodologies, to facilitate faster translation of research findings and products to direct consumers in non-research settings.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Self-identified as a first generation Korean American
2. Type 2 diabetes
3. Age 30-75 years
4. Resides in Washington-Baltimore area
5. Self-identified with DM and HbA1c \>= 7.0 % within 6 months of screening
6. Expresses willingness to participate in all aspects of the study over its full course

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Unable to give informed consent
2. Physical or mental health conditions that could limit active participation in the study (e.g., blindness in both eyes, severe immobility, psychiatric diseases)
3. Hematological condition that would affect A1C assay, e.g., hemolytic anemia, sickle cell anemia
4. Past experience in diabetes group education
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* People 70 years of age or older
* Multimorbidity: 3 or more coexistent chronic conditions defined by 3 distinct International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10) codes with an estimated duration of 6 months or more or based on a clinical decision
* Polypharmacy i.e. five or more different regular drugs (defined as authorised medications with registration numbers) for more than 30 days.
* In inpatient: Estimated minimal length of stay within the cluster is sufficient to apply the intervention
* If outpatient: prescribing physician has GP function and has a planned appointment to conduct intervention

Exclusion Criteria:

* Inability to provide informed consent or to obtain informed consent from a proxy for patients with cognitive impairment
* Direct admission to palliative care (\< 24h after admission)
* Has passed or will pass a systematic structured drug review during this hospitalisation or within the last two months
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Currently receiving medical care at Johns Hopkins University
* African American or Caucasian and have diagnosed CVD, defined as a prior myocardial infarction, revascularization procedure for coronary disease, ischemic heart disease, stroke, or have diagnosed type 2 diabetes and not receiving any therapy
* Have either no LDL-C in their medical record during the 12 months prior to study entry or have an LDL greater than or equal to 100 mg/dl on or off lipid lowering pharmacotherapy
* Have either no blood pressure recorded in their medical record during the 12 months prior to study entry or a BP greater than 140/90 mmHg or greater than 130/80 mmHg if the participant is diabetic or has renal insufficiency
* If the participant is diabetic he or she has to either have no HbA1c recorded during the 12 months prior to study entry or HbA1c of 7 percent or greater

Exclusion criteria:

* A serious life-threatening noncardiac comorbidity with a life expectancy of less than 5 years
* A serious physician-recorded psychiatric morbidity that would interfere with the study
* Sufficient neurological impairment that would interfere with the study
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Investigators: volunteer randomized general practitioners from the Auvergne region in France.
* The GPs will be randomized in cluster, each GP should recruit at least five patients. If several doctors are part of the same surgery, they will be randomized in the same group (intervention or control). The randomization of the GPs will be stratified by department. The GP commit themselves not to talk of the study between them. Each GP knows in which group of the study he belongs as the intervention group comprises a training seminar but the objectives of the study will not be known by the GPs of the control group.
* All the general practitioners in Auvergne (except homeopaths, acupunctures...) will be contacted by mail to inform them about the study and to invite them to participate to it. The volunteer GPs will have to return their written agreement via a pre-stamped envelope to the investigator center with their coordinates. They will be randomized in both groups (intervention and control). After the formation, each GP of the intervention group would have to recruit at least five patients seen in consultation, who could be included and who have given their written agreement. Each week of the inclusion period, the GP will recruit the first patient having the eligibility criteria until the inclusion of at least five patients. The anonymity of the patients will be guaranteed in the participation contract. The data will be anonymized by the investigator GP and will be submitted to the French electronic data liberty commission (Commission Nationale Informatique et Libertés (CNIL)). The patients could quit the study at any time.

Patients: Systolic or diastolic HF patients to the stages I, II and III of the NYHA followed in primary care. These patients will be recruited by the randomized GP in the intervention and control groups. Patients should be over 50 years old (this age limit expelled only few patients with particular pathology).

Exclusion Criteria:

* • Are not included the stage IV, with short life expectancy, with low efficiency hope of the tested measure, who are very few. The systolic and diastolic HF patients are not distinguished because the possible efficiency of the intervention is not HF type dependent a priori.

  * Dementia as Alzheimer disease diagnosed by GP.
  * Already included in another study
  * Incapacity to follow the education sessions (language problem...)

Answer: A