Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Aspirin in Reducing Events in the Elderly
Brief Summary: ASPREE-XT is a post-treatment, longitudinal observational follow-up study of ASPREE participants \[ASPREE Investigator Group, 2013; www.aspree.org; McNeil et al 2017\]. Although the ASPREE trial medication was ceased, the study activity was not stopped and ASPREE participants are continuing with scheduled visits and phone calls. An observational follow-up phase (ASPREE-XT), began in January, 2018. This will enable the monitoring of possible delayed effects of aspirin treatment, primarily on cancer incidence, metastases and mortality. In addition to monitoring the incidence of malignancy within the ASPREE cohort, the opportunity will be taken to observe any other residual effects of aspirin on the endpoints being monitored in the cohort. Continuity of contact with study participants is the key to retention of the cohort for any ongoing or future studies.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 50 to 85 years of age
* He/She can walk to the hospital (walker or cane is permissible).
* Cerebral small vessel disease is observed on brain MRI.

  1) presence of one or more lacunar infarction and 2) moderate or severe confluent leukoaraiosis (defined as grade 2 or 3 on a modified Fazekas scale): periventricular WMCs with cap or rims lager than 5mm and deep subcortical WMCs \>10 mm in maximum diameter
* written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any patient with contraindication of antiplatelets
* Any patient with cardioembolic source
* Carotid bruit or large cerebral artery stenosis \>50%
* Cortical infarction or subcortical infarction lager than 1.5 cm
* bleeding tendency
* chronic liver disease (AST or ALT \>100 IL/L)
* chronic renal disease (Creatinine \>3.0mg/dL)
* active gastrointestinal ulcer
* any patients with any severe or unstable medical disease that may prevent them from completing study requirements (i.e., unstable or severe asthma)
* Anemia (Hb \<10g/dL) or thrombocytopenia
* Cardiac pacemaker or contraindication to MRI
* Pregnancy or breast-feeding
* drug or alcohol addiction
* Any other white matte disease (i.e., Multiple sclerosis, sarcoidosis, or brain irradiation, etc) or brain tumor
* Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease or any other neurodegenerative disease
* any hearing or visual impairment that can disturb the efficient evaluation of the patient
* recent cerebral infarction with 3 months
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Men and women
* African American and Hispanic persons age 65 or older
* Any person from another ethnic minority group and Caucasian persons age 70 or older
* Willing and able to provide informed consent, and willing to accept the study requirements

Exclusion Criteria:

* A history of a diagnosed cardiovascular event
* A serious intercurrent illness likely to cause death within the next 5 years, such as terminal cancer or obstructive airways disease
* A current or recurrent condition with a high risk of major bleeding, ex: cerebral aneurysm
* Anemia
* Absolute contraindication or allergy to aspirin
* Current participation in a clinical trial
* Current continuous use of aspirin or other anti-platelet drug or anticoagulant for secondary prevention. People with previous use of aspirin for primary prevention may enter the trial, provided they agree to cease existing use of aspirin and understand that they may be subsequently randomly allocated to low dose aspirin or placebo.
* A systolic blood pressure ≥180 mmHg and / or a diastolic blood pressure ≥105 mmHg
* A history of dementia
* Severe difficulty or an inability to perform any one of the 6 Katz ADLs
* Non-compliance to taking pill
C: Inclusion criteria:

Male or female subjects 55 year or older who have suffered an ischemic stroke within the past 90 days and who meet all other inclusion criteria. Include also patients of ages 50 - 54 years and/or 90 to 120 days after the qualifying stroke provided the patient has at least two of the following additional risk factors:

* Diabetes mellitus
* Hypertension (systolic BP ¿ 140 or diastolic BP ¿ 90)
* Smoker at time of qualifying stroke
* Obesity (BMI\>30; BMI=weight (kg)/\[height (m)\]2)
* Previous vascular disease (stroke, MI, or peripheral arterial disease prior to qualifying stroke)
* End-organ-damage (retinopathy, LVH, or microalbuminuria)
* Hyperlipidemia

Exclusion criteria:

hemorrhagic stroke (must be ruled out by imaging);unable to give informed consent; known brain tumor, severe renal or hepatic insufficiency, current active peptic ulcer disease, severe coronary artery disease including unstable angina pectoris or an MI within the previous 3 months,or history of a hemostatic disorder or systemic bleeding ;hyperkalemia;uncorrected volume or sodium depletion; pre-stroke history of dementia;modified Rankin score greater than 4;qualifying stroke induced by surgical or cardiovascular procedure;uncontrolled hypertension at entry above 180/110 mmHg (goal BPs are lower); SBP 120 mmHg or less for hospitalized patients; currently taking an ARB and not able or willing to switch to alternative; required or planned continuing treatment with antithrombotics or anticoagulants including heparin or warfarin or non-study platelet inhibitors; syndrome of asthma, rhinitis and nasal polyps;scheduled for major surgery, carotid endarterectomy, or carotid angioplasty (4 weeks post surgery is allowed);unlikely to be released from hospital following the qualifying stroke or presence of a severe disability likely to lead to being bedridden or demented or a non-vascular disease or condition which makes it unlikely that the patient will survive to the end of the trial; history of thrombocytopenia or neutropenia.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ranging from 40 to 80 years
2. After newly ischemic stroke from 3 months to 2 years
3. Brain CT or MRI shows stroke lesions and white matter lesions, ARWMC(Age Related White Matter Change)\>=4
4. Moderate or mild cognitive deficits: MMSE 12-26
5. Vascular or mixed dementia: Hachinski ischemic score\>4
6. Moderate or mild disability: MRS\<=4,NIHSS\<20
7. Informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Definitive diagnosis of dementia prior to the stroke
2. Cerebral hemorrhage in the past
3. Cerebral embolism result from cardiogenic embolus
4. Critically ills: MRS\>4,NIHSS\>=20
5. Bed-ridden patient who is hardly discovered newly stroke
6. patient with sever cardiac, hepatic or nephric complication
7. dementia caused not by vascular lesions
8. other diseases disturb the cognitive evaluation
9. susceptibility to varieties of allergen
10. abstain from Cilostazol or Asprin
11. antiplatelet treatment, anticoagulation or fibrinolysis are needed because of other diseases
12. rejected to participate by the patient or the family

Answer: B