Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Conservative Treatment of Postprostatectomy Incontinence
Brief Summary: The primary purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness, impact on quality of life, and durability of non-surgical therapies for incontinence persisting at least one year after surgery. The study is a a prospective, controlled, randomized trial comparing an 8-week, multi-component behavioral training program (pelvic floor muscle exercises, self-monitoring with bladder diaries, regular office visits, bladder control techniques, and fluid management) to the same program with the addition of biofeedback and pelvic muscle electrical stimulation.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Scheduled to undergo nerve sparing radical prostatectomy
* Continent before surgery
* A minimum score on the IIEF-questionnaire of 18
* Sexually active

Exclusion Criteria:

* Treatment with nitrates
* Treatment with α-blockers
* Serious cardiovascular disease
* Severely reduced liver function,
* Retinitis pigmentosa,
* Non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION)
* Previous vascular infarction of the eye
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Cancer prostata operated (radical prostatectomy)
* Incontinence after separation of catheter
* Understands Norwegian language

Exclusion Criteria:

* Drug/alcohol abuse
C: DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

* Men who have undergone a radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer or men who have undergone a transurethral resection of the prostate for benign prostatic hypertrophy
* Urinary incontinence at six weeks after prostate surgery

  * Incontinence is defined as a response on the screening questionnaire indicating a loss of urine including how often and how much

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

* Able to comply with intervention
* Able to complete study questionnaires

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

* See Disease Characteristics
* No referral for formal therapy (teaching of pelvic floor muscle training) due to prostate surgery
* No concurrent or planned radiotherapy during the first 3 months after surgery
* No palliative endoscopic resection of prostate due to outflow obstruction for advanced prostate cancer
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Involuntary loss of urine that started immediately after radical prostatectomy and has persisted for at least one year.
2. One-week bladder diary with interpretable data and at least two incontinence episodes

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any unstable medical condition, particularly decompensated congestive heart failure, history of malignant arrhythmias, or unstable angina
2. Cardiac pacemaker or implanted cardiac defibrillator
3. Current use of anticholinergic agents for detrusor instability
4. Folstein's Mini-Mental State Exam score below 24 (impaired mental status)
5. One-week bladder diary with continual leakage - defined as always being damp or wet or unable to quantitate individual accidents.
6. Poorly controlled diabetes, defined as (glycosylated hemoglobin \> 9 within last 3 months).
7. Hematuria on microscopic examination. Enrollment will be permitted after urologic evaluation.
8. Urodynamic evaluation: Post-void residual volume greater than 200 mL

Answer: D