Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Yoga vs. Physical Therapy vs. Education for Chronic Low Back Pain in Minority Populations (Back to Health)
Brief Summary: A randomized controlled trial for chronic low back pain in predominantly minority populations with three treatment arms: yoga, physical therapy, and education. Four cohorts of participants will be randomized in a 2:2:1 ratio (yoga:physical therapy:education). Primary outcomes are pain intensity and measure of disability; secondary outcomes are pain medication use, treatment adherence, and health-related quality of life.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Current non-specific low back pain persisting for at least 12 weeks
* 18-64 years old
* Mean low back pain intensity for the previous week of 4 or greater on a 0 to 10 numerical rating scale (0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain)
* English fluency sufficient to follow treatment instructions and answer survey questions.

Exclusion Criteria:

* New CLBP treatments started within the previous month or anticipated to begin in the next 3 months
* Known pregnancy
* Inability to understand English at a level necessary to understand treatment instructions and survey questions
* Previous back surgery or back fracture
* Specific CLBP pathologies (including spinal canal stenosis, severe scoliosis, spondylolisthesis, ankylosing spondylitis, large herniated disk)
* Severe or progressive neurological deficits
* Sciatica pain equal to or greater than back pain
* Active or recent cervical radiculopathy
* Active or planned worker's compensation, disability, or personal injury claims
* Lack of consent
* Significant participation in yoga or physical therapy in the last six months
* Has read The Back Pain Helpbook or the Back Book in the previous six months
* The principal investigator judges the participant to be unable to participate in the study due to serious medical and/or psychiatric comorbidities
* Has previously participated in the Yoga Dosing Study or the Physical Therapy Pilot
* Plans to move out of the Boston area in the next year
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients diagnosed with lower back pain with a pain score of 4 or higher on DVPRS for 3 months
* Male or female
* Age 18-68\*
* Able to read and understand English
* Understands language, and able to report current pain levels and recall events
* DEERS-Eligible, Military healthcare beneficiary

Exclusion Criteria:

* Provider has advised against mild to moderate exercise
* Patient unable to sit on the floor for two minutes or unable to stand independently
* Complex Regional Pain Syndrome, Fibromyalgia, Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, Auto Immune disease-related pain, other chronic medical conditions (i.e. advanced diabetic neuropathies) that preclude consent
* Patients with severe TBI
* Practiced Yoga within 6 months
* Pre-surgical candidates for back surgery within 3 months
* Back surgery within the past year
* Pregnancy\*\*; females will be asked to self-report
* Undergoing Medical Evaluation Board to determine discharge
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Veteran of any branch of military service
* Current low-back pain present for at least half the days over the past 6 months mean pain intensity for the previous week ≥4 on 0-10 rating scale

Exclusion Criteria:

* Significant yoga practice in the previous 6 months
* Have read The Back Pain Helpbook in the previous 6 months
* New LBP treatments started within the previous month or anticipated to begin in the next 3 months
* Known pregnancy
* Known inflammatory or systemic causes of LBP
* Severe and/or progressive medical, neurological, or psychiatric comorbidities
* Inability to understand/speak English
* Plans to move out of the area in the next 6 months
* Lack of informed consent
* Unwillingness to be randomized
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Group Health Cooperative enrollee
* Uncomplicated low back pain
* At least moderate pain levels

Exclusion Criteria:

* Sciatica persisting 3 or more months after physician visit
* History of cancer (other than nonmelanoma skin cancer)
* Severe disk problems
* Unstable medical conditions
* Back surgery within past 3 years
* Physically unable to do the yoga or exercise classes and homework
* Unable to attend classes
* Currently doing yoga
* Taken yoga or exercise class for back pain within past year
* Currently in litigation for back pain
* Seeking other treatment for back pain

Answer: A