Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized Clinical Trial of Chiropractic Manual Therapy Plus Home Exercise, Supervised Exercise Plus Home Exercise and Home Exercise Alone For Individuals 65 and Over With Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain
Brief Summary: The purpose of this randomized clincal trial is to assess the relative effectiveness of three conservative treatment approaches for seniors with chronic low back pain: 1) chiropractic manual treatment plus home exercise, 2) supervised exercise plus home exercise and 3) home exercise alone.


Options:
A: Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women, due to use of diagnostic procedures (x-rays) and study treatments (NSAIDs and narcotic medications)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Dutch speaking
* Willing to participate
* At least 18 years old
* Combination of headache and neck pain
* Headache since at least two months and at least twice a month
* A combination of migraine, tension type headache and cervicogenic headache

Exclusion Criteria:

* Clusterheadache
* Trigeminusneuralgia
* Peripheral neuropathy
* A history with neck surgery
* Comorbidity with chronic muskuloskeletal pain like fibromyalgia
* Radicular pain in the upper extremity
* Osteoarthritis
* Down Syndroom
* Physio/ manual therapy treatment in the last 12 months for this headache complaint.
* The use of prescribed medication (like NSAIDs and triptans) for this headache complaint during the last two months
* Pregnancy
* Red flags as described in the Dutch General Practitioners Headache Guideline
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with at least two weeks of neck pain
* Last episode starts at a maximum of one year ago
* Age between 18 and 70 years
* Patient is willing to undergo the treatment
* Neck pain is mechanical and can be provocated by movements or postures of the neck
* Neck pain is the main problem to treat
* Neck pain may also give pain in the upper arm or cervicogenic headaches

Exclusion Criteria:

* Appearance of "red flags"
* Cervical surgery in the past
* Pregnancy
* Whiplash trauma
* Health conditions with may disturb the treatment or makes it impossible to undergo the treatment.
* Not enough understanding of the Dutch questionnaires
* Undergoing treatments like physical therapy, manual therapy, osteopathy, chiropraxis, acupuncture, other types of exercise therapy during the last three months
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Sub-Acute and chronic low back pain (Defined as current episode more than 6 weeks duration.)
* Quebec Task Force classifications 1, 2, 3 and 4. (This includes patients with back pain, stiffness or tenderness, with or without musculoskeletal signs and neurological signs.{1570})
* 65 years of age and older
* Independent ambulation
* Community dwelling (residency outside nursing home)
* Score of 20 or more on Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination{13246}
* Stable prescription medication plan (no changes in prescription medications that affect musculoskeletal pain in previous month)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Referred low back pain from local joint lesions of the lower extremities or from visceral diseases
* Significant infectious disease Determined by history or by referral to supplementary diagnostic tests
* Ongoing treatment for low back pain by other health care providers
* Mean baseline low back pain score of 20 percentage points or less
* Contraindications to exercise Determined by history or by referral to supplementary diagnostic tests (i.e., uncontrolled arrhythmias, third degree heart block, recent ECG changes, unstable angina, acute myocardial infarction, acute congestive heart failure, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, poorly controlled blood pressure, uncontrolled metabolic disease
* Contraindications to spinal manipulation (i.e. Progressive neurological deficits blood clotting disorders; infectious and non-infectious inflammatory or destructive tissue changes of the spine; severe osteoporosis)

Answer: D