Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Within-Subject Cross-Over Comparison Between Immediate Release and Extended Release Adderall
Brief Summary: The purpose of this pilot study is to compare Adderall ® and Adderall XR ® in terms of their effectiveness and side effects for the treatment of ADHD in adults.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Subject must be 18-55 years of age, inclusive at the time of consent.
2. Female subjects must have a negative serum beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (HCG) pregnancy test at Screening and a negative urine pregnancy test at baseline and agree to comply with any applicable contraceptive requirements of the protocol.
3. Subject has a documented diagnosis of ADHD or meets DSM-IV-TR™ with adult prompts criteria by history for a primary diagnosis of ADHD prior to treatment.
4. Subject has a Baseline score of \<22 using the Adult ADHD-RS with prompts and CGI-S score ≤3.
5. Subject has been on stable treatment with commercial SPD489 (30, 50, or 70mg) for a minimum of at least 6 months preceding the Screening Visit with acceptable tolerability.Prior treatment with commercial SPD489 in the 6 months preceding the Screening Visit must be documented by prescription records, prescribing physician notes, or pharmacy records. Those subjects whose primary care physician (PCP) is someone other than the Principal Investigator (PI) will be required to provide the above documentation to the site.
6. Subject must have a minimum level of intellectual functioning, as determined by the Investigator.
7. Subject is willing and able to comply with all the testing and requirements defined in this protocol.
8. Subject is able to swallow a capsule.
9. Subject must be able to provide written, personally signed and dated informed consent to participate in the study, in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH) Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Guideline E627 and applicable regulations, before completing any study-related procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subject has a current comorbid psychiatric disorder that is either controlled with medications prohibited in this study or is uncontrolled and associated with significant symptoms. Prohibited disorders include those associated with diagnoses including but not limited to any severe comorbid Axis II disorder or severe Axis I disorder (such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder \[PTSD\], psychosis, bipolar illness, pervasive developmental disorder, severe obsessive compulsive disorder, severe depressive or severe anxiety disorder). Other symptomatic manifestations (such as agitated states)that contraindicate treatment with SPD489 or confound efficacy or safety assessments in the opinion of the examining physician are also prohibited. Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses will be established by the psychiatric evaluation that includes the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR™ disorders (SCID-I).
2. Subject is currently considered a suicide risk, has previously made a suicide attempt or has a prior history of, or is currently demonstrating suicidal ideation.
3. The subject has a body mass index (BMI) of \<18.5 or ≥40.
4. Subject has a concurrent chronic or acute illness (such as severe allergic rhinitis or an infectious process requiring antibiotics), disability, or other condition that might confound the results of safety assessments administered in the study or that might increase risk to the subject. Similarly, the subject will be excluded if he or she has any additional condition(s) that in the Investigator's opinion would prohibit the subject from completing the study or would not be in the best interest of the subject. This would include any significant illness or unstable medical condition that could lead to difficulty complying with the protocol. Mild, stable asthma is not exclusionary.
5. Subject has a history of seizures (other than infantile febrile seizures), any tic disorder, or a current diagnosis and/or a known family history of Tourette's Disorder.
6. Subject has known history of symptomatic cardiovascular disease, advanced arteriosclerosis, structural cardiac abnormality, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities, coronary artery disease, transient ischemic attack or stroke or other serious cardiac problems that may place them at increased vulnerability to the sympathomimetic effects of a stimulant drug.
7. Subject has a known family history of sudden cardiac death or ventricular arrhythmia.
8. Subject has any clinically significant ECG or clinically significant laboratory abnormality at Screening.
9. Subject has current abnormal thyroid function, as defined as abnormal Screening thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4). Treatment with a stable dose of thyroid medication for at least 3 months is permitted.
10. Subject has a history of moderate to severe hypertension or has a resting sitting systolic blood pressure \>139mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \>89mmHg. Subjects with well-controlled mild or moderate hypertension on a single antihypertensive agent are allowed.
11. Subject is taking any medication that is excluded (Please refer to Table 2).
12. Subject has a documented allergy, hypersensitivity, or intolerance to amphetamines.
13. Subject has a recent history (within the past 6 months) of suspected substance abuse or dependence disorder (excluding nicotine) in accordance with DSM-IV-TR™ criteria.
14. Subject has a positive urine drug result at Screening (with the exception of subject's current stimulant therapy).
15. Subject has taken an investigational compound that has a central nervous system(CNS) effect or taken part in a clinical trial for ADHD 6 months prior to the Screening Visit.
16. Subject has taken part in an investigational trial within the 30 days prior to the Screening Visit.
17. Subject has glaucoma.
18. Subject is taking other medications that have CNS effects or affect performance, such as chronic use of sedating antihistamines and decongestant sympathomimetics (7 days prior to Screening). Stable use of bronchodilator inhalers is not exclusionary.
19. Subject is female and pregnant or lactating.
20. Subjects who have previously been enrolled into this study and subsequently withdrawn.
21. Subject is not well controlled on SPD489 with acceptable tolerability (Adult ADHD-RS with prompts score ≥22).
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Must be 18-55 years of age, inclusive.
* Must be male or non-pregnant female. Females of childbearing potential (FOCP) must use contraception.
* Must have a medical assessment with no clinically significant or relevant abnormalities as determined by medical history, PE, clinical and lab evaluation.
* Must have 12-lead ECGs defined by the following parameters:

  1. QT/QTcF interval \< 450 msec for males and \< 470 msec for females
  2. Resting heart rate is between 40 and 100 beats per minute
  3. P-R interval \< 200 msec
  4. QRS interval \<110 msec.
* Meets Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition; Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR™) criteria for a primary diagnosis of ADHD (diagnostic code 314.00 and 314.01) established by a psychiatric evaluation that reviews DSM-IV-TR™ criteria with at least 6 of the 9 subtype criteria met. The Adult ADHD Clinical Diagnostic Scale (ACDS v1.2) will be utilized as the diagnostic tool.
* Has a baseline ADHD-RS score greater than or equal to 28 assessed using adult DSM-IV prompts.
* Understands and is able, willing, and likely to fully comply with the study procedures and restrictions.
* Has given written informed consent to participate in the study in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Guidelines and applicable regulations before completing any study procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

* In the opinion of the investigator, the subject is significantly underweight \[e.g., Body Mass Index (BMI) \< 18.5\] or morbidly obese.
* Has any comorbid psychiatric diagnosis with significant symptoms such as any severe comorbid Axis II disorders or severe Axis I disorders including Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), psychosis, bipolar illness, severe obsessive compulsive disorder, severe depressive or severe anxiety disorder or other symptomatic manifestations that will contraindicate NRP104 treatment or confound efficacy or safety assessments. Specifically, subjects with mild to moderate forms of Axis I disorders including social phobia and dysthymia may be included while subjects with a lifetime history of psychosis or bipolar disorder will be excluded from participation. Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses will be established by a psychiatric evaluation that includes the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR™ disorders (SCID-I) interview at the screening visit.
* Has any concurrent chronic or acute illness or unstable medical condition that could confound the results of safety assessments, increase risk to the subject or lead to difficulty complying with the protocol. Subjects with mental retardation or a severe learning disability are excluded.
* Has a history of seizure (other than infantile febrile seizures), any tic disorder, or a current diagnosis and/or family history of Tourette's Disorder.
* Has a known cardiac structural abnormality or any other condition that may affect cardiac performance.
* Has any clinically significant ECG or laboratory abnormality at Screening or Baseline.
* Subject has a history of hypertension or has a resting sitting systolic blood pressure \> 139mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \> 89mmHg.
* Has used any prohibited medication except for ADHD medications within 30 days of screening visit. Hormonal contraceptives are acceptable.
* Has a documented allergy, intolerance, or documented history of non-responsivity to methylphenidate or amphetamine.
* Currently has (or had a history within the last 6 months of) a drug dependence or substance abuse disorder according to DSM-IV-TR™ criteria (excluding nicotine) as established by a SCID-I at the screening visit.
* Has a positive urine drug result at Screening (with the exception of subject's current stimulant therapy, if any) or at Baseline.
* Has taken an investigational drug or taken part in a clinical trial within 30 days prior to Screening.
* The female subject is pregnant or lactating.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. At the time of consent, are between the ages of 18-55, inclusive.
2. Meet DSM-IV criteria for ADHD as assessed by the Adult ADHD Clinician Diagnostic Scale (ACDS) v1.2.
3. Female participants of childbearing potential must test negative for pregnancy at the time of enrollment based on a urine pregnancy test and agree to use a reliable method of birth control during the study. Females of childbearing potential are defined as women not surgically sterilized and are between menarche and 2 years post-menopause.
4. Must have a satisfactory medical assessment with no clinically significant abnormalities as determined by medical history, physical exam, ECG, and clinical laboratory testing.
5. Must be able to swallow capsules.
6. Must be able to begin the daily dose of study medication in the morning.
7. Must be off previous amphetamine or methylphenidate treatment for 1 week prior to baseline (visit 2). Must be off past non-stimulant ADHD medication (i.e., atomoxetine) for 3 weeks prior to baseline (visit 2).
8. In the opinion of the investigator, the subject must understand and be able, willing and likely to fully comply with the study procedures and restrictions.
9. Must have given signed and dated informed consent in accordance with Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Guidelines.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Lifetime or present history of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
2. Uncontrolled comorbid major depressive disorder, anxiety disorder or dysthymia. Participants with controlled depressive or anxiety disorders may participate if their medications have been stabilized for a minimum of four weeks and, in the opinion of the Principal Investigator, will not interfere with adherence, safety, or efficacy assessments.
3. Anyone who meets current DSM-IV-TR criteria for alcohol or any non-alcohol substance abuse or dependence disorder (excluding nicotine).
4. Have organic brain disease (such as dementia) or traumatic brain injury residua. Have a history of seizure disorder (other than febrile seizures) or participants who have taken (or are currently taking) anticonvulsants for seizure control.
5. Females who are currently pregnant or breast feeding, and women of child-bearing potential who are not currently using an adequate form of birth control.
6. Participants with clinically significant ECG or laboratory abnormalities at screening that are deemed exclusionary in the opinion of the Principal Investigator.
7. Participants who work the night shift or another schedule that would preclude beginning the daily dose of study medication in the morning.
8. Participants with a positive urine drug result at Screening.
9. Participants with any concurrent chronic or acute illness or unstable medical condition that could, in the opinion of the study physician, confound the results of safety assessments, increase risk to the subject or lead to difficulty complying with the protocol. Subjects who have a history of mental retardation or severe learning disability will be excluded.
10. Participants with a history of structural cardiac abnormalities as well as any other condition that may affect cardiac performance.
11. Participants with documented history of allergy, intolerance, or non-responsivity to methylphenidate or amphetamines. This includes a history of two or more failed stimulant treatment trials, as deemed by the Principal Investigator.
12. Participants who in the investigator's opinion meet any of the exclusionary criteria specified on the FDA label of either Adderall or Adderall XR.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Subject must be 18-55 years of age, inclusive at the time of consent.
2. Subject has an established close relationship of at least 6-months duration before screening (Visit -1) with an informant who will be able to observe and be willing to report on the subject's behavior and symptoms in multiple social settings during the course of the study. Informant is defined as a person who has a domicile relationship with the subject. When applicable, the informant should be the subject's spouse/significant other. Additionally, the informant cannot participate as a subject in the study and can only serve as the informant for a single subject.
3. Subject has a lifestyle that in the opinion of the Investigator will enable the subject to complete all study testing and requirements defined in the protocol.
4. Female subjects must have a negative serum beta human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) pregnancy test at screening (Visit -1) and a negative urine pregnancy test at baseline (Visit 0) and agree to comply with any applicable contraceptive requirements of the protocol.
5. Subject meets the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition - Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR) criteria for a primary diagnosis of ADHD (diagnostic code 314.00 and 314.01) established by a comprehensive psychiatric evaluation that reviews DSM-IV-TR criteria with at least 6 of the 9 subtype criteria met. The Adult ADHD Clinical Diagnostic Scale version 1.2 (ACDS v1.2) will be utilized as the diagnostic tool.
6. Subject has a total score of ≥65 on BRIEF-A GEC T-score by self-report at baseline (Visit 0).
7. Subject has a total score of ≥28 using the Adult ADHD-RS with prompts at baseline (Visit 0).
8. Subject must have a minimum level of intellectual functioning as determined by the Investigator at screening (Visit -1).
9. Subject is able to swallow a capsule.
10. Subject is willing and able to comply with all the testing and requirements defined in this protocol.
11. Subject and informant must be able to provide written, personally signed and dated informed consent to participate in the study in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) Good Clinical Practice (GCP) Guidelines and applicable regulations before completing any study related procedures.

Exclusion Criteria

1. Subject has a current comorbid psychiatric disorder that is either controlled with medications prohibited in this study or is uncontrolled and associated with significant symptoms. Prohibited disorders include those associated with diagnoses including but not limited to any severe comorbid Axis II disorder or severe Axis I disorder (such as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder \[PTSD\], psychosis, bipolar illness, pervasive developmental disorder, severe obsessive compulsive disorder, severe depressive or severe anxiety disorder). Other symptomatic manifestations (such as agitated states) that contraindicate treatment with SPD489 or confound efficacy or safety assessments in the opinion of the examining physician are also prohibited. Comorbid psychiatric diagnoses will be established by the psychiatric evaluation that includes the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-TR disorders (SCID-I).
2. Subjects who are currently considered a suicide risk, any subject who has previously made a suicide attempt or those who are currently demonstrating active suicidal ideation.
3. The subject has a body mass index (BMI) of \<18.5 or ≥40.
4. Subject has a concurrent chronic or acute illness (such as severe allergic rhinitis or an infectious process requiring antibiotics), disability, or other condition that might confound the results of safety assessments administered in the study or that might increase risk to the subject. Similarly, the subject will be excluded if he or she has any additional condition(s) that in the Investigator's opinion would prohibit the subject from completing the study or would not be in the best interest of the subject. This would include any significant illness or unstable medical condition that could lead to difficulty complying with the protocol. Mild, stable asthma is not exclusionary.
5. Subject has a history of seizures (other than infantile febrile seizures), any tic disorder, a current diagnosis and/or a known family history of Tourette's Disorder.
6. Subject has known history of symptomatic cardiovascular disease, advanced arteriosclerosis, structural cardiac abnormality, cardiomyopathy, serious heart rhythm abnormalities, coronary artery disease, transient ischemic attack or stroke or other serious cardiac problems that may place them at increased vulnerability to the sympathomimetic effects of a stimulant drug.
7. Subject has a known family history of sudden cardiac death or ventricular arrhythmia.
8. Subject has any clinically significant ECG or clinically significant laboratory abnormality at screening (Visit -1).
9. Subject has current abnormal thyroid function, defined as abnormal screening thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine (T4). Treatment with a stable dose of thyroid medication for at least 3 months is permitted.
10. Subject has a history of moderate to severe hypertension or has a resting sitting systolic blood pressure \>139mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \>89mmHg. Subjects with well-controlled mild or moderate hypertension on a single antihypertensive agent are allowed. Combination antihypertensive medications are not allowed.
11. Subject is taking any medication that is excluded.
12. Subject has a documented allergy, hypersensitivity, or intolerance to amphetamines.
13. Subject has a documented allergy, hypersensitivity, or intolerance to any excipients in the investigational medicinal product.
14. Subject has failed to respond to one or more adequate courses (dose and duration) of amphetamine therapy.
15. Subject has a recent history (within the past 6 months) of suspected substance abuse or dependence disorder (excluding nicotine) in accordance with DSM-IV-TR criteria.
16. Subject has a positive urine drug result at screening (Visit -1) (with the exception of subject's current stimulant therapy, if any).
17. Subject has taken an investigational drug or taken part in a clinical trial, including an SPD489 clinical trial, within 30 days prior to screening (Visit -1).
18. Subject has glaucoma.
19. Subject is taking other medications that have central nervous system (CNS) effects or affect performance, such as sedating antihistamines and decongestant sympathomimetics, or are monoamine oxidase inhibitors (during or within 7 days of investigational medicinal product administration). Stable use of bronchodilator inhalers is not exclusionary.
20. Subject is female and pregnant or lactating.
21. Subjects who have previously been randomized into this study and subsequently withdrawn.
22. Subject is well controlled on their current ADHD medication with acceptable tolerability.

Answer: C