Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Evaluation of Tobacco Treatment Strategies for Inpatient Psychiatry
Brief Summary: This study aims to evaluate, in a randomized controlled trial, tobacco treatments of varying intensities for smokers hospitalized on acute psychiatric inpatient units.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 21-65
* Smoke \>9 cigarettes per day for at least 1 year
* Smoke regular filtered cigarettes or machine-rolled cigarettes with a filter
* CO measurement \>9 ppm at baseline
* No serious quit attempt in the prior 1 month. This includes use of any FDA approved smoking cessation medication (varenicline, bupropion \[used specifically as a quitting aid\], patch, gum, lozenge, inhaler, and nasal spray) in the past 1 month as an indication of treatment seeking.
* Not planning to quit in the next 6 months
* Interested in reducing cigarette consumption
* Willing to attend visits weekly and monthly over a 9-month period (not planning to move, not planning extended vacation, no planned surgeries)
* Read and write in English
* Able to understand and consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant and/or nursing women
* Unstable or significant medical condition in the past 12 months (Recent heart attack or some other heart conditions, stroke, severe angina including high blood pressure if systolic \>159 or diastolic \>99 observed during screening).
* Immune system disorders, respiratory diseases (exacerbations of asthma or COPD, require oxygen, require oral prednisone), kidney (dialysis) or liver diseases (cirrhosis), or any medical disorder/medication that may affect participant safety or biomarker data.
* Use of any non-cigarette nicotine delivery product (pipe, cigar, dip, chew, snus, hookah, ECIGs, strips, sticks) in the past 7 days
* Uncontrolled mental illness or substance abuse or inpatient treatment for these in the past 6 months
* History of difficulty providing or unwilling to provide blood samples (fainting, poor veins, anxiety)
* No surgery requiring general anesthesia in the past 6 weeks
* Use of an ECIG for 5 or more days in the past 28 days or any use in the past 7 days
* Use of marijuana or any illicit drug/prescription drugs for non-medical use daily/almost daily, or weekly in the past 3 months per NIDA Quick Screen
* Use of hand-rolled, roll your own cigarettes
* Known allergy to propylene glycol or vegetable glycerin
* Other member of household is currently participating/participated in the study
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* healthy smokers
* unwilling to quit
* age 18-60 years
* smoking ≥ 15 cig/day for at least 5 years
* exhaled CO level of ≥ 15 ppm
* FTND ≥ 5

Exclusion Criteria:

* alcohol and illicit drug use
* breastfeeding or pregnancy
* major depression or other psychiatric conditions
* previous experience with ENDD
* recent myocardial infarction
* angina pectoris
* high blood pressure (BP\>140mm Hg systolic and/or 90mmHg diastolic)
* diabetes mellitus
* severe allergies
* poorly controlled asthma or other airways diseases
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants (N=1100) will be men and women 18 years of age and older, recruited from four acute inpatient psychiatry units at the Alta Bates Summit Medical Center - Herrick Campus, located in Berkeley, CA, one acute inpatient psychiatry unit at Langley Porter Psychiatric Institute, located in San Francisco, CA, and two acute inpatient psychiatry units at Stanford Hospital, located in Stanford, CA. Inclusion criteria are: smoking 5 or more cigarettes per day and at least 100 cigarettes in one's lifetime, no plan to relocate outside of the greater Bay Area in the next 18 months, and telephone access for scheduling follow-up assessments.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Study exclusion criteria are: dementia or other brain injury precluding ability to participate; non-English speaking; complete homelessness; pregnancy or breastfeeding, and active ulcer disease (PUD). The relationship between nicotine and ulcers is a theoretical concern and our approach to now exclude patients with active ulcer disease is conservative. There is no data to show NRT causes/worsens ulcers. Recruitment of acutely psychotic, manic, or hostile patients will be delayed until there is significant reduction of these symptoms and patients are able to consent to study participation. Threats of violence in particular are taken seriously, and patients will not be recruited if they may be a threat to study staff in the outpatient setting. At this point, non-English measurement and intervention materials are not available. Pregnant smokers will be referred out for more specialized behavioral treatments. Exclusionary criteria are purposefully minimal in order to maximize information about treating tobacco dependence in smokers in inpatient psychiatry. The study sample is anticipated to be diverse with respect to gender and ethnicity, educational and socioeconomic level, and psychiatric diagnoses.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy on the basis of medical history
* Current moderate-to-heavy smoker as determined by:

  * Has smoked \>=10 cigarettes per day regularly for the past year (by history) and (\>=5 cigarettes per day Study 2 ONLY)
  * Has an expired carbon monoxide (CO) at screening visit of 8 parts per million (ppm) or more (6 ppm or more Study 2 ONLY)
* Nicotine dependence assessed as \> 4 with the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence
* Willingness to abstain from smoking for 8 hours (overnight abstinence) prior to study visits
* Participant or legal representative must understand the investigational nature of this study and sign an Independent Ethics Committee/Institutional Review Board approved written informed consent form prior to receiving any study related procedure

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unstable medical conditions (such as unstable heart disease, uncontrolled hypertension, thyroid disease, diabetes, renal or liver impairment, glaucoma, or prostatic hypertrophy) or psychiatric condition (such as current major depression, history of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, or current regular use of psychiatric medications such as major tranquilizers and antidepressants
* Pregnancy or lactation (by history) or positive pregnancy test at screening visit
* Positive urine drug test at screening visit
* History of serious side effects from nicotine or from any nicotine replacement therapies
* Alcohol or illicit drug dependence within the past 12 months (by history and urine tests)
* Concurrent participation in another clinical trial
* Unable to communicate in English
* Unwilling or unable to follow protocol requirements
* Any condition which in the Investigator's opinion deems the participant an unsuitable candidate to receive study intervention

Answer: C