Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of Strength Training and Walking Training on Physical Fitness of Patients With Intermittent Claudication
Brief Summary: Background: Muscle atrophy and reduced leg strength are related to exercise intolerance in patients with intermittent claudication (IC), suggesting that strength training (ST) could improve exercise performance in these patients.

Objective: Analyze the effects of ST in walking capacity in patients with IC comparing with walking training (WT) effects.

Intervention: Patients were randomized into ST and WT. Both groups trained twice a week, for 12 weeks, at the same rate of perceived exertion. ST consisted of 3 sets of 10 repetitions of whole body exercises. WT consisted of 15 two-minute bouts of walking intercalated with 2 minutes of resting.

Measurements: Walking capacity, peak VO2, walking economy, ankle brachial index, ischemic window and knee extension strength


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Positive history of intermittent claudication assessed by the San Diego Claudication Questionnaire
* Exercise limited by intermittent claudication during a screening treadmill test using the Gardner protocol
* Ankle/brachial index (ABI) less than 0.90 at rest, which decreases to less than 0.73 immediately following the treadmill exercise test

Exclusion Criteria:

* Absence of PAD (peripheral artery disease)
* Asymptomatic PAD (Fontaine stage I)
* Rest pain due to PAD (Fontaine stage III)
* Tissue loss due to PAD (Fontaine stage IV)
* Medical conditions that are contraindicative for exercise according to the American College of Sports Medicine (e.g., acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina, etc.)
* Cognitive dysfunction (mini-mental state examination score less than 24)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 150 peripheral arterial disease patients with and without IC

Exclusion Criteria:

* Below or above-knee amputation
* Wheelchair confinement
* Inability to walk on a treadmill or inability to perform progressive resistance training
* Inability to return to the medical center three times weekly for 6 months
* Walking impairment due to a cause other than PAD
* Class II New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart failure or angina (heart failure or angina occurring at rest or with minimal exertion)
* Planned lower extremity revascularization or any other major surgery within 12 months
* Any increase in anginal symptoms during the previous 6 months or angina at rest
* Subjects with silent coronary ischemia, defined as ST segment depression greater than or equal to 1 mm during baseline exercise treadmill test without associated chest discomfort, unless they have had a normal perfusion stress test during the previous 6 months
* Subjects with left-bundle branch block or significant ST-T wave changes on their baseline ECG who do not have a perfusion stress test demonstrating absence of reversible ischemia within the previous 6 months
* Lower extremity revascularization, major orthopedic surgery, or other major surgery during the previous 3 months
* Myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass grafting during the previous 3 months
* Major medical illnesses that may interfere with subject's ability to complete the interventions and/or follow-up testing
* Current foot ulcer
* ABI greater than 0.95
* Life expectancy less than 12 months
* Does not speak English
* Patient is currently involved in another clinical trial
* Dementia
* Poorly controlled blood pressure
* Current significant exercise, defined as exercising three times weekly for 30 minutes with sufficient exertion to produce a sweat or other exercise that is comparable to the exercise interventions offered in our protocol
* Treatment for cancer (other than non-melanoma skin cancer) during the past 12 months (including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgery)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Symptomatic unilateral Intermittent Claudication Femoro-popliteal lesion Angioplastiable lesion on duplex \> 3 months on BMT

Exclusion Criteria:

* Critical ischaemia Incapacitating systemic disease Inability to tolerate treadmill testing Ischaemic changes on ECG during treadmill testing Ipsilateral surgery / PTA in previous 6 months
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Fontaine stage II peripheral arterial disease(14)
* Symptoms of intermittent claudication for at least 6 months
* Ankle/brachial index (ABI) at rest ≤ 0.90 in 1 or 2 legs
* Reduction of ABI after treadmill test
* Exercise tolerance limited by intermittent claudication

Exclusion Criteria:

* Presence of chronic lung disease
* Inability to obtain ABI measurement due to noncompressible vessels
* Exercise tolerance limited by factors other than claudication (e.g., dyspnea or orthopedic problems)
* Poorly controlled blood pressure
* Presence of electrocardiogram response suggestive of myocardial ischemia during the exercise test
* History of revascularization in the previous year

Answer: D