Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Family Planning-based Partner Abuse Intervention to Reduce Unintended Pregnancy
Brief Summary: This is a community-based participatory study to test a brief intervention to reduce risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) and associated unintended pregnancy among young, medically underserved women attending family planning (FP) clinics. Women ages 16-29 years utilizing FP clinics report higher rates of IPV compared to their same-age peers, experiences associated with unintended pregnancy. A critical mechanism connecting IPV with poor reproductive health is abusive partners' control of women's reproduction through condom refusal, pressuring women to get pregnant, and birth control sabotage, a phenomenon described as reproductive coercion. In the investigative team's pilot intervention study 53% of young women using FP clinics reported ever experiencing IPV, and 25% reported reproductive coercion, the combination of which was strongly associated with unintended pregnancy. The proposed reproductive coercion/partner violence intervention was developed collaboratively by community-based practitioners, advocates, and researchers, with significant input from FP clients. Designed to be implemented within routine FP care, maximizing feasibility and sustainability of this program, the intervention provides 1) client education and assessment regarding IPV and reproductive coercion; 2) discussion of harm reduction behaviors to reduce risk for unintended pregnancy and IPV victimization, and 3) supported referrals to IPV victim services. This is a full-scale RCT to assess the effects of this innovative program on IPV, reproductive coercion and unintended pregnancy, major health threats for medically underserved women. Evaluation of this intervention will involve random assignment of 25 FP clinics (unit of randomization) in Western PA to either intervention or control (i.e., standard-of-care) conditions. Female FP clients ages 16-29 (N=3600) will be assessed at baseline, 12-20 weeks (FU1), and 12 months (FU2) to assess intervention effects on knowledge and behaviors related to IPV, reproductive coercion and related harm reduction, as well as unintended pregnancy. Data will be collected via audio computer-assisted self-interview in English or Spanish. Chart extraction will track clinic utilization, pregnancy testing, and diagnosed pregnancies. Regression models appropriate for longitudinal data from cluster-randomized trials will be used to estimate intervention effects.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* African American or Latina (by self report)
* At least 18 years of age
* English speaking
* Pregnant less than or equal to 28 weeks gestation
* Receiving prenatal care in the District of Columbia
* Had one or more of the following risk factors: active smoking, environmental tobacco smoke exposure, depression and intimate partner violence

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-minority race (by self report)
* Younger than 18 years of age
* Non-English speaking
* Not pregnant or pregnant greater than 28 weeks gestation
* Receiving prenatal care outside the District of Columbia
* Responded negatively to questions about risk factors
* Suicidal ideation
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* female victims of partner violence
* at least one month out of the abusive relationship
* meet DSM-IV (American Psychiatric Association, 1994) criteria for PTSD and an alcohol use disorder
* literate in English
* have not changed psychotropic medications or dosages within the past two months and agree not to during the active phase (first 12 weeks) of the intervention
* have an identified primary care physician

Exclusion Criteria:

* moderate or severe cognitive impairment as measured by a Mini-Mental State Examination score less than or equal to 18
* Histories of psychosis or mania may be excluded because the presence of these disorders is thought to impede progress in psychotherapy
C: Inclusion:

* female clients
* ages 16-29
* English or Spanish speaking
* able to provide their own consent
* plan to be in area for the next 12 months
* willing to be contacted for follow up survey and able to provide additional contact information

Exclusion Criteria:

* female clients not of the specified age range
* neither English nor Spanish speaking
* clients who are intoxicated or otherwise not able to provide their own consent
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years of age or older
* Screens positive for IPV
* Literate in either English or Spanish

Exclusion Criteria:

* Less than 18 years of age
* pregnant at time of screening and consent

Answer: C