Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Impact of Emergency Department Probiotic Treatment of Pediatric Gastroenteritis: Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The objective of this study is to determine for previously healthy children who present to a Canadian Emergency Department (ED) with acute gastroenteritis (infection or irritation of the digestive tract); if compared with placebo, the administration of a probiotic agent (Lacidofil) will result in a significantly lower proportion of children developing moderate to severe disease over the subsequent 2 weeks and will not be associated with a significantly greater occurrence of side effects.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinical symptom of diarrhea less than 3 days

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe abdominal distension with risk of bowel perforation
* Risk for sepsis
* Past history with surgical operation of gastrointestinal tracts
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Presence of diarrhea: defined as ≥ 3 watery stools in a 24-hour period
* Duration of vomiting and/or diarrhea \< 72 hours
* Age 3 to \< 48 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Presence of an indwelling vascular access line or structural heart disease
* Taking immunosuppressive therapy, or known history of immunodeficiency
* Hematochezia in the preceding 72 hours, underlying significant chronic gastrointestinal problem or inflammatory bowel disease
* Family member with an indwelling vascular access line, on immunosuppressive therapy, or with a known immunodeficiency
* Bilious vomiting
* Probiotic use (supplement) in the preceding 2 weeks
* Previously enrolled in this trial
* Daily follow-up not possible
* Allergy to Soy
* Pre-existing (known) pancreatic dysfunction or insufficiency
* Oral or Gastrointestinal surgery within preceding 7 days
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Positive stool sample for rotavirus test

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe malnourishment
* Severe dehydration
* Use of antibiotics, probiotics or nitazoxanide 2 weeks before admission
* Systemic infections
* Severe chronic disease
* Mixed enteric infections besides rotavirus
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 3-48 months (have not yet reached their fourth birthday); AND
2. Presence of 3 or more watery stools within 24 hours of screening; AND
3. Duration of vomiting or diarrhea less than 7 days; AND
4. Symptoms consistent with acute intestinal infectious process.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Presence of an indwelling vascular access line; OR
2. Presence of structural heart disease excluding non-pathological heart murmurs; OR
3. Receiving immunosuppressive therapy or history of immunodeficiency; OR
4. Hematochezia in the preceding 48 hours; OR
5. Chronic gastrointestinal problems (e.g. short gut syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease); OR
6. Patients with known pancreatitis; OR
7. History of abdominal surgery; OR
8. Critically ill patients; OR
9. Family member with an indwelling vascular access line, or on immunosuppressive therapy, or with a known immunodeficiency; OR
10. Bilious emesis; OR
11. Probiotic use (supplement) in the preceding 2 weeks; OR
12. Oral or intravenous steroid use in the preceding six months; OR
13. Previously enrolled in this trial; OR
14. Allergy to lactobacillus or Microcrystalline Cellulose (MCC); OR
15. Allergy to erythromycin, clindamycin, AND betalactam antibiotics (all); OR
16. Not available for daily follow-up while symptomatic; OR
17. Parent/guardian not speaking English or Spanish; OR
18. Under 6 months old AND premature (\<37 weeks).

Answer: B