Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Evaluation of the Feasibility of Correcting Refractive Error From a Limited Inventory of Ready-made Spectacles: Wearer Retention, Vision Function, Quality of Life and Cost
Brief Summary: This research project will compare two methods of correcting refractive error (long or short-sightedness) with spectacle lenses. The primary outcome is the proportion of the population requiring spectacle correction who's needs are met through each scheme. Secondary outcomes are the cost effectiveness of these schemes and development of guidelines for identification of those amongst the population suitable for 'ready-made' spectacles.

There are two sites involved in this research. Those with uncorrected refractive error will be identified by their distance vision. Those who have impaired vision (at least 20/40) which improves with spectacles will be invited to participate in this research. Participants will be randomly allocated to one of two groups. The first group will receive spectacles with full correction in both eyes and the second group will receive spectacles from a limited inventory. The two schemes will be compared by how many people continue to use the spectacles, vision with the new spectacles, change in the level of visual functioning and quality of life after wearing new spectacles for one month. At the one month visit, if the spectacles provided are not useful, one new pair of custom spectacles will be dispensed.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Presenting visual acuity of 20/40 or worse in the better eye, who have improvement to 20/40 or better following refraction
* A minimum of 1 dioptre of spherical refractive error must be present
* Aged 18-45 years of age at Shroffs Charity Eye Hospital
* Junior High School Students approximate age 11-16 years of age at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center

Exclusion Criteria:

* Those who do not correct to within 20/40 with spectacle correction.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. The subject must be enrolled in the parent protocol for at least one year.
2. The subject's parent or legal guardian must read and sign the STATEMENT OF INFORMED CONSENT and the subject must read and sign the Child's Assent Form and be provided a copy of each form.
3. The subject must appear able and willing to adhere to the instructions set forth in this clinical protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Ocular or systemic allergies that may interfere with contact lens wear.
2. Systemic disease or autoimmune disease or use of medication (e.g. antihistamine), which may interfere with contact lens wear.
3. Clinically significant (grade 3 or 4) corneal edema, corneal vascularization, corneal staining or any other abnormality of the cornea, which may contraindicate contact lens wear.
4. Clinically significant (grade 3 or 4) tarsal abnormalities or bulbar injection that might interfere with contact lens wear.
5. Any ocular infection.
6. Any corneal distortion resulting from previous hard or rigid gas permeable contact lens wear.
7. Any infectious disease (e.g. hepatitis, tuberculosis) or an immunosuppressive disease (e.g. HIV)
8. Diabetes
9. Previous refractive surgery, orthokeratology, keratoconus, or other corneal irregularity in either eye. Rigid contact lens wearers cannot be enrolled in the study.
10. Strabismus.
11. Pupil or lid abnormality or infection in either eye
12. Central corneal scar in either eye
13. Aphakia in either eye
14. Contraindications to contact lens wear such as dry eye or history of prior unsuccessful contact lens wear.
15. History of participation in prior clinical trials aimed to control myopia progression, except for the parent trial
16. Surgically altered eyes, ocular infection of any type, ocular inflammation.
17. Anterior chamber angle grade 2 or narrower by Van Herrick method.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 8-14 years old (inclusive)
* Subjects who have completed the ROMIO, TO-SEE or HM-PRO studies at The Hong Kong Polytechnic University
* Willingness to be randomized into groups (for ortho-k subjects)
* Availability for follow-up for at least 14 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-compliance to the follow up schedule
* Non-compliance to the assigned optical correction (i.e. single-vision glasses or ortho-k lenses)
* Contraindication for contact lens wear and ortho-k (e.g. limbus to limbus corneal cylinder and dislocated corneal apex)
* Systemic or ocular) conditions which may affect contact lens wear (e.g. allergy and medication)
* Systemic or ocular conditions which may affect refractive development (e.g. Down syndrome, ptosis)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* All the students in Grade 1

Exclusion Criteria:

* No

Answer: A