Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Impact of Care Pathways on Interprofessional Teamwork: an International Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Care pathways are complex interventions to support the interprofessional team in the redesign of their care process. This international cluster randomised trial will analyse the impact of the development and implementation of care pathways on the interprofessional teamwork.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Inclusion on cluster level requires the written agreement to participate form the hospital management, the medical head of the division and the head nurse
* Next to this, they have to agree that they will not develop and implement a care pathway for COPD- exacerbation of PFF within the time frame of the study when randomized in the control group
* Finally, the participating hospitals need an expected volume of more than one hundred COPD-exacerbation or PFF patients annually.
* To have a comparable sample across all clusters, the following inclusion criteria on individual level are set:

  1. All professionals that according to the medical head of the division and head nurse are member of the interprofessional team caring for COPD-exacerbation or PFF patients from admission until discharge out of the acute hospital ward
  2. To be part of the interprofessional care team is further conceptualized as being part of the group of clinicians and staff who have a shared clinical purpose and direct care responsibilities for the respective patient group during the set time period
  3. All individual participants need to be member of the team during one specific week, where patients are being followed for the two other trials of the EQCP-project (8). This specific week is chosen by the study coordinator and can be defined as an average week, with normal staff ratios
  4. Because we want to study interprofessional teamwork, each cluster is asked to minimally include the orthopedic surgeons/pneumologists, head nurse, nurses, physiotherapists and social workers in their sample. Based on their own judgment, the chief medical doctor, in consensus with the head nurse, can decide to include other professional groups in their sample
  5. In some hospitals COPD-exacerbation or PFF patients are being admitted at multiple nursing wards, e.g. due to capacity problems or other organizational issues. If that is the case, then the clusters are asked to only include these team members that are working on the ward where the respective patient groups are being admitted most frequently.

Exclusion Criteria:

* All team members that are not working (e.g. on leave) during the chosen week
* All team members who are only temporarily part of the team (e.g. student nurses in training).
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 60 years or older
* Admitted from emergency room due to hip fracture
* Receiving hip arthroplasty or internal fixation
* Living in northern Taiwan

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severely cognitively impaired and completely unable to follow orders
* Terminally ill
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* age \>70 years
* living in nearby municipalities
* able to walk 10 m before fracture
* medial, pertrochanteric and subtrochanteric hip-fractures

Exclusion Criteria:

* nursing home residents
* expected to die within 3 months
* pathological fractures
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 60 years or older
* Admitted to hospital for an accidental single-side hip fracture
* Receiving hip arthroplasty or internal fixation
* Able to perform full range of motion against gravity and against some or full resistance, and have a pre-fracture Chinese Barthel Index (CBI) score \>70
* Living in northern Taiwan

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severely cognitively impaired and completely unable to follow orders (determined by a Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination \[MMSE\] score \<10), or
* Terminally ill

Answer: A