Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Text Message Reminders for Influenza Vaccine in Pregnancy
Brief Summary: Influenza virus accounts for numerous cases (epidemics) of respiratory illnesses each year worldwide and affects people of all ages. These epidemics typically occur in the winter months, and can result in substantial morbidity and mortality in persons at risk. Pregnant women may be more susceptible to morbidity and mortality associated with influenza infection. This increased risk may result from several factors including increased heart rate, stroke volume, and oxygen consumption, decreased lung capacity, and changes in immunologic function. Immunization of women during pregnancy can help to prevent infection in the woman herself and may also offer protection to the infant in two ways: by the passage of antibodies from mother to the fetus during pregnancy, and by preventing infection in the mother and therefore decreasing the infant's exposure risk after birth. In Canada, the National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI) recommends the vaccine for pregnant women who are expected to deliver during influenza season because they will become household contacts of their newborn. Ideal timing of vaccination occurs in October or November since influenza outbreaks typically occur throughout the winter months. Despite the Canadian and American guidelines for influenza vaccination during pregnancy, it is unclear how many women are offered and/or actually receive the vaccine while pregnant. There is, however, evidence that women will accept the vaccine if offered. Specifically, in the Women's Health Care Centre at St. Michael's Hospital, it was found that 42% of women not only accepted but also received the influenza vaccination when offered. Innovative techniques will be required to continue to increase vaccination rates among vulnerable populations, including pregnant women. The purpose of the present study is to determine if the use of electronic reminders (text messages) increases the likelihood of receiving the influenza vaccine among pregnant women.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant Woman
* Ages 18 and over
* Working cellular telephone with the ability to receive text messages
* Ability to speak or understand English

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age less than 18
* Inability to speak or understand English
* Not possessing a working cellular telephone with text messaging capability
* Presence of any contraindications to vaccination (such as egg allergy or prior adverse reaction to the vaccine)
* Women who have already received the vaccine during this influenza season
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. pregnant,
2. smoke or quit in the past 2 weeks,
3. has a data plan or an unlimited text messaging plan on her cell in order to avoid charges for texts,
4. an English speaker.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. not pregnant
2. not currently smoking (or within past 2 weeks)
3. not able to receive text messages
4. not an English speaker
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* evidence of HIV infection
* newly enrolling at the Kibera Community Health Centre
* own or have sufficient access to a cell phone; able to operate a cell phone using simple text-messaging\*
* able and willing to provide informed assent/consent to participate \*If a participant does not own a phone but has sufficient access to a cell phone (through a partner, relative, etc.), the participant would be able to either 1) use the accessed phone to respond to the text messages themselves; or, if they are unable to text themselves 2) have their partner, relative etc. respond on their behalf.

Exclusion Criteria:

* individuals will be excluded if they do not meet all of the inclusion criteria.
* individuals transferring from other clinics who are already taking ART will also be excluded.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Must have and use a mobile phone
* Enrolled at one of the following clinics: CESFAM El Roble or CESFAM Juan Pablo II.
* Must not have had a Pap test within 3 years or more from recruitment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women who have ever had the diagnosis of cervical cancer.
* Women with a mental or physical disability that inhibits them from understanding the implications of the study or being able to reach the health clinic for an exam.
* Women that are considering relocating within the next year.

Answer: A