Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized Controlled Trial of Mind-Body Breathing Therapy (in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) To Improve Palliation of Dyspnea and Health-Related Quality of Life
Brief Summary: Dyspnea (shortness of breath) is a complex experience that includes interpretation of physical impairments and associated distress to the person. The role of mind-body interactions in the experience of the symptom of dyspnea suggests that complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) therapies may be effective in abating dyspnea and improving patients' health-related quality of life. CAM strategies work in a number of ways that are directly applicable to dyspnea, such as decreasing the stress response, inducing relaxation, and facilitating a less distressful interpreted experience of physical disorders.

We have combined a number of established CAM approaches aimed at breath-centered mindfulness and relaxation into an single therapy, mind-body breathing therapy (MBBT). The purpose of this study is to test the efficacy of MBBT in improving dyspnea and health-related quality of life for patients with emphysema (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* People diagnosed with COPD or diabetes type 2 who are predominantly treated in primary care and who benefit from more physical activity, will be included. -This means patients who do not comply with the Dutch Norm for Healthy Exercise (30 minutes activity per day of a moderate intensity during five days a week)
* Their age should be between 40-70 years to ensure homogeneity in the groups
* Additional inclusion criteria for the diabetes group are a recent (no longer than a year ago) HbA1c concentration of more than 7% / more than 53 mmol/mol and a body mass index of more than 25kg/m2

For the COPD group the following additional inclusion criteria apply:

-A clinical diagnosis of COPD according to the GOLD-criteria stage 1, 2 and 3 (post bronchodilator FEV1/IVC \<= 70% and FEV1 between 30 and 80% of the predicted value); at least six weeks respiratory stable and on a stable drug regimen

Exclusion Criteria:

-Patients older than 70 years are not included because of a bigger risk for co-morbidity and a higher chance of mobility problems (balance)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* All patients 40 years or older
* Seen at least once in the past 2 years (active patients) by their PCP
* And/or 40 years of age and less than 81 years of age who smoke.

Exclusion Criteria:

* \< 40 years of age
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
* Resting Dyspnea \> 2 OR Activity Dyspnea \> 4 in the prior 4 weeks to screening

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cognitive impairment on the 10-item Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire
* History of serious psychiatric illness
* Unwilling or unable to participate in the full eight week program and evaluation
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Moderate to severe COPD according to the recent GOLD guidelines
* Reduced exercise capacity during an incremental exercise test of less than 70% of predicted normal values

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lack of motivation to participate in the treatment program
* Other pathologic conditions unabling participation in the training program (e.g. coronary, orthopaedic, neurological or severe endocrine disorders)
* participation in other pulmonary rehabilitation projects

Answer: C