Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: This evaluation is part of a five country project to evaluate the benefits and costs of the use of two alternatives to food transfers: vouchers and cash (hereafter referred to as "alternative modalities"). The project will generate information on how outcomes such as household food expenditure and dietary diversity, relevant to both beneficiaries and WFP, change following the introduction of these alternative modalities; how benefits and costs of these are, relative to food transfers, distributed across and within households; and what are the critical operational issues that need to be addressed for these alternatives to be successfully implemented. More specifically, the project will answer seven questions:

1. Do households benefit from receipt of the alternative modalities?
2. Are these benefits greater, or less, when transfers are made using alternative modalities compared to food transfers. How does this vary across outcomes (such as nutrition, livelihoods, gender dynamics and intra-household resource allocation) that are of especial interest to WFP?
3. How does the distribution of benefits differ across households when transfers are made using alternative modalities compared to food transfers?
4. How does the distribution of benefits differ within households when transfers are made using alternative modalities compared to food transfers? Do certain household members (women, young children) benefit more from one type of modality? How do these modalities affect decision-making processes within the household?
5. Why are these differences observed? How do the reasons for these differences affect the study's ability to generalize from these evaluations?
6. Does the delivery of alternative modalities cost less than food transfers? What accounts for these cost differences? Are some costs (such as transport) really lower or are they transferred to beneficiaries? Within the household, who bears these additional costs?
7. What is the benefit: cost ratios associated with these different modalities from the perspective of WFP? Is there a conflict between the modality "preferred" by WFP and the modality "preferred" by beneficiaries?

These objectives will be accomplished through household survey data collection among a panel of households before and after transfer of alternative modalities. In addition, select countries will involve the collection of anthropometric, biomarker and cognitive testing.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* female
* 13-22 years old
* never married
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Live in a community that does not receive benefits from other federal food aid programs, have less than 2,500 inhabitants and a high level of marginalization. Marginalization is a term used in Mexico for the multidimensional assessment of poverty in a community. It takes into account housing quality (including the percent of households without piped water, without sewage and without electricity), income (proportion of household below two times the minimum wage), education (including illiteracy) and urbanization.
* Households within these communities were eligible if they fell below the "needs" poverty line as defined by the Mexican Ministry of Social Development. This corresponds to an income level sufficient to cover basic needs in food consumption, health and education.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

For settlements:

* Located in selected unions of Habiganj District, Sylhet Division, North East Bangladesh
* Minimum distance to adjacent settlement at least 400 m
* Judged to be suitable for Homestead Food Production program by the NGO HKI Bangladesh (dry land year-round, at least 10 women eligible and interested)

For women:

* Married and aged 30 years or less at enumeration
* Woman's husband stays overnight in household at least once a year
* Access to at least 1 decimal of land, ideally 0.25 decimal near the house

For children:

* Biological child of a participant woman
* Aged 0-35 months at survey start or surveillance visit

Exclusion Criteria:

For women:

* Lack of interest in participating in a gardening program
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Households in pre-selected neighborhoods in Carchi and Sucumbios with high poverty status according to the proxy means test.
* For hemoglobin measurements, children residing in these households that are 6 months-5 years old, and adolescent girls 10-16 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

* Households that receive the Bono de Desarrollo Humano
* Children ages 6 months - 5 years who are severely sick

Answer: D