Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: HOPE-2 Study (Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation-2 Study)
Brief Summary: The purpose of the HOPE-2 study is to determine whether long term supplementation with folic acid, vitamins B6 and B12 aimed at homocyst(e)ine reduction reduces the rates of major fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular events in patients with established cardiovascular disease and/or diabetes mellitus.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Women and men 55 years of age or over with established CVD and at high risk for future fatal and nonfatal CV events, defined as:

  1. Documented coronary artery disease (CAD);
  2. Documented peripheral vascular disease (PVD);
  3. Documented cerebrovascular disease;
  4. Diabetes with one of the following; additional cardiovascular risk factors:

  i) hypertension (BP \>160 mmHg systolic or \>90 mmHg diastolic or on treatment); ii) total cholesterol \>5.2 mmol/L (\>200 mg/dl); iii) HDL cholesterol \<0.9 mmol/L (3.5 mg/dl); iv) current cigarette smoker; v) any evidence of previous vascular disease
* Provision of informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current use of any vitamin supplements containing folic acid \>200 micrograms/day. The patients taking such vitamin supplements can be asked if they agree to discontinue these supplements. If they agree, they can be randomized to the study following a one month wash-out period.
* Known previous adverse reactions to folic acid and/or vitamin B6 and/or B12.
* Planned cardiac, peripheral or cerebrovascular revascularization, defined as a decision taken by the patient and his or her physician(s) to perform surgical or percutaneous transluminal revascularization within the next 6 months.
* Hemodynamically significant primary valvular outflow tract obstruction (e.g. mitral stenosis, asymmetric septal hypertrophy, malfunctioning prosthetic valve).
* Constrictive pericarditis.
* Complex congenital heart disease.
* Syncopal episodes presumed to be due to uncontrolled life-threatening arrhythmias (asymptomatic arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia are not exclusion criteria.
* Uncontrolled hypertension.
* Cor pulmonale.
* Heart transplant recipient.
* Other important non-cardiovascular disease(s) expected to limit compliance and/or impact on patient's ability to complete the study, such as: \*history of alcohol or drug abuse, \*psychiatric disorders, \*senility, \*severe physical disability, \*illnesses including terminal stage of cancer and other major systemic illnesses expected to limit the patient's ability to comply with the study protocol and to complete the study.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female 18 years or older who has been hospitalised for chest pain and potential ACS
* Females of child-bearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test at enrollment and be willing to use 2 methods of reliable contraception

Exclusion Criteria:

* Persons with moderate or severe liver disease
* Persons who have already been treated with an invasive (angioplasty) procedure for the current episode of ACS
* Persons who are being treated with blood clotting agents that cannot be stopped
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Confirmed acute symptomatic DVT, i.e. proximal or extensive calf-vein thrombosis involving at least the upper third part of the calf veins, without concomitant symptomatic PE
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Legal lower age limitations (country specific)
* Thrombectomy, insertion of a caval filter, or use of a fibrinolytic agent to treat the current episode of DVT
* Other indication for VKA than PE/DVT
* More than 36 hours pre-randomization treatment with therapeutic dosages of (LMW) heparin or more than a single dose of VKA prior to randomization
* Participation in another pharmacotherapeutic study within the prior 30 days
* Creatinine clearance \< 30 mL/min, impaired liver function (transaminases \> 2 x ULN), or bacterial endocarditis
* Life expectancy \< 3 months
* Active bleeding or high risk for bleeding contraindicating treatment with (LMW) heparin
* Uncontrolled hypertension: systolic blood pressure \> 200 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure \> 110 mmHg
* Pregnancy or childbearing potential without proper contraceptive measures
* Any other contraindication listed in the labeling of warfarin, acenocoumarol, phenprocoumon, fluindione, UFH, enoxaparin, or tinzaparin
* Systemic treatment with azole compounds or other strong CYP3A4 inhibitors (e.g. ketoconazole, fluconazol, itraconazole, HIV protease inhibitors) within 4 days prior to randomization and during the study
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Scheduled to undergo nonemergent CABG and/or valve repair or replacement surgery through a full median sternotomy. This includes the following eligible procedures: isolated CABG surgery, isolated valve surgery, and combined CABG + valve surgery.
* Be at higher risk for SWI, defined as the presence of diabetes mellitus (treated with either oral agent or insulin) and/or obesity, defined as BMI \> 30.
* Have the capacity to understand and sign an informed consent form.
* Are male or female and \> 18 years of age.
* If female, be postmenopausal (no menstrual period for a minimum of 1 year), be surgically sterilized and have a negative serum or urine pregnancy test on entry in the study, or agree to use adequate birth control during the study and for 3 months after the administration of study agent. Medically acceptable contraceptives include: (1) approved hormonal contraceptives (such as birth control pills, Depo-Provera, or Lupron Depot), (2) barrier methods (such as a condom or diaphragm) used with a spermicide, or (3) an intrauterine device (IUD).
* Agree to be available for evaluation from baseline until final evaluation at 90 days postsurgery.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known history of hypersensitivity to gentamicin or bovine collagen.
* Undergoing emergency cardiac surgery (urgent surgery is allowed if informed consent is obtained and the study procedures can be performed).
* Undergoing a significant concomitant surgical procedure (eg, carotid endarterectomy, aortic root repair or replacement, DHCA, or pulmonary resection).
* Undergoing a minimally invasive or a thoracic surgical approach.
* Using a preoperative mechanical assist device or IABP if inserted for shock/low output syndrome (an IABP is allowed if it is inserted for unstable angina).
* Active and significant systemic infection, eg active endocarditis, or a history of significant recurrent systemic infection.
* Receiving antibiotic therapy within the 2 weeks before the date of surgery.
* Preoperative serum creatinine \> 3 mg/dL or renal failure requiring dialysis.
* History of malignancy within the past year (except for squamous or basal cell carcinoma of the skin that has been treated with no evidence of recurrence).
* History of major organ transplantation, including bone marrow transplantation.
* Recent history of significant drug or alcohol abuse.
* Taking systemic immunosuppressive drugs, including steroids (at a dose \> 10 mg oral prednisone daily) or a history of a current immunosuppressive condition (eg, symptomatic HIV infection), defined as a CD4 count \< 200.
* Scheduled to receive "stress doses" of glucocorticoids (ie, doses \> 2 mg/kg/day of methylprednisolone or equivalent).
* Pregnant, lactating, or of childbearing potential not practicing a birth control method with a high degree of reliability (defined in section 3.1).
* Postsurgical life expectancy ≤ 90 days, in the investigator's or sponsor's opinion.
* Refusal to accept medically indicated blood products.
* Current participation or participation within 30 days before the start of this study in another experimental drug or device study, or is currently participating in a study during which the administration of investigational drugs within 90 days is anticipated.
* Has a moderate or severe pectus deformity.

Answer: A