Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Family Planning-based Partner Abuse Intervention to Reduce Unintended Pregnancy
Brief Summary: This is a community-based participatory study to test a brief intervention to reduce risk for intimate partner violence (IPV) and associated unintended pregnancy among young, medically underserved women attending family planning (FP) clinics. Women ages 16-29 years utilizing FP clinics report higher rates of IPV compared to their same-age peers, experiences associated with unintended pregnancy. A critical mechanism connecting IPV with poor reproductive health is abusive partners' control of women's reproduction through condom refusal, pressuring women to get pregnant, and birth control sabotage, a phenomenon described as reproductive coercion. In the investigative team's pilot intervention study 53% of young women using FP clinics reported ever experiencing IPV, and 25% reported reproductive coercion, the combination of which was strongly associated with unintended pregnancy. The proposed reproductive coercion/partner violence intervention was developed collaboratively by community-based practitioners, advocates, and researchers, with significant input from FP clients. Designed to be implemented within routine FP care, maximizing feasibility and sustainability of this program, the intervention provides 1) client education and assessment regarding IPV and reproductive coercion; 2) discussion of harm reduction behaviors to reduce risk for unintended pregnancy and IPV victimization, and 3) supported referrals to IPV victim services. This is a full-scale RCT to assess the effects of this innovative program on IPV, reproductive coercion and unintended pregnancy, major health threats for medically underserved women. Evaluation of this intervention will involve random assignment of 25 FP clinics (unit of randomization) in Western PA to either intervention or control (i.e., standard-of-care) conditions. Female FP clients ages 16-29 (N=3600) will be assessed at baseline, 12-20 weeks (FU1), and 12 months (FU2) to assess intervention effects on knowledge and behaviors related to IPV, reproductive coercion and related harm reduction, as well as unintended pregnancy. Data will be collected via audio computer-assisted self-interview in English or Spanish. Chart extraction will track clinic utilization, pregnancy testing, and diagnosed pregnancies. Regression models appropriate for longitudinal data from cluster-randomized trials will be used to estimate intervention effects.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* No more than 28th week of gestation
* Low income
* Speak English or Spanish
* Pregnant with first child
* Minimum of 15 years of age at time of entrance into study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women experiencing high risk pregnancies
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Families in the Oahu community who delivered newborns between November 1994 and November 1995
* If enrolled in the control group, must not have been previously enrolled in Hawaii's Healthy Start Program

Exclusion Criteria:

* Insufficient understanding of English
C: Inclusion:

* female clients
* ages 16-29
* English or Spanish speaking
* able to provide their own consent
* plan to be in area for the next 12 months
* willing to be contacted for follow up survey and able to provide additional contact information

Exclusion Criteria:

* female clients not of the specified age range
* neither English nor Spanish speaking
* clients who are intoxicated or otherwise not able to provide their own consent
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Ages 18-44
* Currently in heterosexual relationship with a male partner
* Responds in affirmative to past year sexual or physical violence

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cognitive impairment (slurred speech, inability to follow directions)
* Seeking treatment for life threatening emergency care
* Intends to relocate within 2 years.

Answer: C