Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Dialectical Behaviour Skills Training for Suicidality in Borderline Personality Disorder
Brief Summary: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of a 20-week Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) skills training group for the treatment of chronic suicidal and non-suicidal self-injurious (NSSI) behaviours in individuals diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD). Previous research has established the effectiveness of a one year comprehensive, combined individual and group DBT treatment. However, in practice, DBT is often offered in a skills only group format. This study will consist of a randomized, controlled trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of DBT compared to a wait list control. 84 participants will be randomized to the 20-week DBT group or the wait-list and the following outcomes will be assessed:

1. frequency of suicidal and NSSI behaviours
2. symptom distress
3. impulsivity
4. treatment retention
5. skill acquisition and
6. social functioning

Assessments will occur at pre-treatment, 10 weeks, 20 weeks and 3 months post treatment. The following main hypotheses will be examined: (1) Patients in the DBT skills group condition will have superior outcomes to patients on the treatment as usual wait list control in areas targeted by the treatment: frequency of suicidal and NSSI behaviours, emergency room visits, psychiatric hospital admissions, impulsivity, and knowledge and use of behavioral skills, general symptoms. The group receiving DBT will have superior outcomes at post treatment and these outcomes will be maintained during the three month post-treatment follow-up.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Individuals with an index episode of self-poisoning or self-injury with or without suicide intent, based on the ICD-10 codes for self-harm with and without suicide intent (i.e., X60 to X84 and R45.8)
* Admission to the AEDs at the 4 collaborating public hospitals in Hong Kong (United Christian Hospital, North District Hospital, Queen Mary Hospital, and Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital)
* Mentally well assessed by a psychiatrist or Consultation Liaison Nurses (CLNs)
* Capable of providing written Informed Consent Form

Exclusion Criteria:

* Individuals with DSM-IV-TR Axis II disorder; or
* Individuals with severe psychotic mental illness or bipolar disorder
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subject has primary diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder(BPD).
* Subject has Symptomatology of BPD for at least 1 year.
* Subject understands the study procedures and voluntarily agree to participate.
* Subject is able to read, understand and complete questionnaires.
* Subject agrees to use (2)acceptable forms of contraception throughout the study.
* Patient must have a screening SCL 90-R score of \> 120 (range 0-360).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subject is not pregnant or breast feeding.
* Subject is unlikely to adhere to the study procedures and restrictions.
* Patient has failed treatment due to lack of efficacy of monoamine oxidase inhibitor(MAOI) medication.
* Patient anticipates need for surgery during the study.
* Patient has another predominant personality disorder other than BPD.
* Subject has an active history of substance abuse or dependence, e.g.,Positive Drug screen
* Subject has other health issues which could interfere with study interpretation.
* Subject reports recent suicide attempts or homicide attempts in the past 3 months.
* Subject must be substance abuse or dependence clean for (1) year.
* Subject has a history of a primary malignancy \< 5 yrs.
* Subject has a medical condition(s)that are excluded, per Protocol, or are unstable.
* Subject has abnormal screening laboratory values, per Protocol, or other clinically significant, unexplained laboratory abnormality.
* Subject is currently participating or has participated in a study within 30 days.
* Patient has donated blood products or has had phlebotomy of \> 300 ml within 8 weeks.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Meet a minimum of 4 DSM-5 BPD criteria
* Have parent's or parent substitute's commitment and ability to participate in the MBT-Parents program.
* Score 67\< BPFS-C

Exclusion Criteria:

* Comorbid diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder, learning disability (75 \< IQ), anorexia, current psychosis, diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizotypal personality disorder, antisocial personality disorder as well as any other axis-I or axis-II psychopathology considered to be the primary diagnosis.
* Current psychiatric inpatient treatment
* Current (past two months) substance dependence (but not substance misuse)
* Participation in concurrent psychotherapeutic treatment outside the MBT program
* Not able to speak Danish
* Lack of informed consent
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* diagnosis of DSM-IV Borderline Personality Disorder
* 18-60 years of age
* have had two suicidal or non-suicidal self-injurious behaviours in the past five years with one occurring in the past ten weeks
* be literate in English
* provide informed consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* not meet DSM-IV criteria for a psychotic disorder, bipolar disorder or, dementia
* not have evidence of an organic brain syndrome or mental retardation based on clinical interview
* not participated in DBT treatment during the past year

Answer: D