Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Protocol and Design of a Randomized Controlled Study on Attention Training in First Year After Acquired Brain Injury
Brief Summary: Background: To study intensive targeted cognitive rehabilitation of attention in the acute (\<4 months) and subacute rehabilitation phases (4 -12 months) after acquired brain injury and to evaluate the effects on function, activity and participation (return to work).

Design: prospective, randomised, controlled study. Methods: 120 consecutive patients with stroke or traumatic brain injury are randomised to 20 hours of intensive attention training by Attention Process Training or by standard, activity based training. Progress is evaluated by Statistical Process Control and by pre and post measurement of functional and activity levels. Return to work is also evaluated in the post-acute phase. Primary endpoints are the changes in the attention measure, Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test and changes in work ability. Secondary endpoints include measurement of cognitive functions, activity and work return. There are 3, 6 and 12-month follow ups focussing on health economics.

Discussion: The study will provide information on rehabilitation of attention in the early phases after acquired brain injury (ABI); effects on function, activity and return to work. Further, the application of Statistical Process Control might enable closer investigation of the cognitive changes after acquired brain injury and demonstrate the usefulness of process measures in rehabilitation.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* ischemic stroke with more than 6 months post-stroke
* cognitive deficit but with enough capacity to understand the task and follow instructions with a minimum score of 11 over 17 in the Token Test (6-item version, Portuguese population)
* able to read and write

Exclusion Criteria:

* Neglect
* Severe depressive symptoms as assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory
B: Inclusion

* mild to moderate stroke
* traumatic brain-injury
* deficits in attention defined by the APT test
* lower average and above for reasoning skills
* lower average and above for abstract thinking
* good understanding of the Swedish language

Exclusion

* moderate to severe aphasia
* ongoing psychiatric illness
* history of severe somatic disorder causing anoxic periods
* ongoing substance abuse
* severe pain severe memory disorders,
* neglect
* visual field defects
* motor disability interfering with participation
C: Inclusion Criteria:

Neurological diagnosis of stroke in the post-acute phase (3 months from the acute event); age between 40 and 80; and Caucasian ethnicity; a FIM motor score equal to or greater than 30 and moderate to mild cognitive impairment (MoCA\> 18); Fugl-Meyer scale score of\> 18;

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients with a history of concomitant neurodegenerative diseases or brain surgery; severe cognitive or language impairment; systemic, bone or joint disorders; presence of disabling sensory alterations; concomitant medical and psychiatric illness that could interfere with VR training.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Primary clinical diagnosis of stroke (assessed by referring clinician/GP records)
* \>1 month (but no upper limit) since discharge from NHS physical rehabilitation services at randomisation
* Able to walk independently indoors with or without mobility aids, but has self-reported difficulty or requires help on stairs, slopes or uneven surfaces (assessed by recruiting team using standard tools)
* Willingness to be randomised to either control or ReTrain (and attend the training venue)
* Cognitive capacity and communication ability sufficient to participate in the study (assessed by recruiting team using standard tools).24 NB: Criterion (3) has been selected pragmatically to maximise eligibility while ensuring participants have a mobility deficit that could be addressed by the intervention. Eligible people with aphasia will not be excluded.

Exclusion Criteria:

* \<18 years old
* Contraindications to moderate to vigorous physical activity. Used in GP screening assessment form. (Adapted from ACSM guidelines 25) Contraindications include:

  * Acute or uncontrolled heart failure
  * Unstable or uncontrolled angina
  * Uncontrolled cardiac dysrhythmia causing symptoms or haemodynamic compromise
  * Symptomatic severe aortic stenosis
  * Current deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolus or pulmonary infarction
  * Acute myocarditis or pericarditis
  * Suspected or known dissecting aneurysm
  * Unstable / uncontrolled blood pressure
  * Systolic blood pressure \> 160
  * Diastolic blood pressure \> 100
  * Acute systemic infection
  * Uncontrolled diabetes

Answer: B