Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Addressing Vertebral Osteoporosis Incidentally Detected to Prevent Future Fractures: The AVOID FRACTURE Study
Brief Summary: Osteoporosis is a common and progressive condition that leads to broken bones (fractures), which cause pain, disability, deformity, and even death. There are new treatments available that can decrease the risk of a fracture by 50%, and the people who benefit the most are those with osteoporosis who have already had a fracture, like a vertebral (spine) fracture. Vertebral fractures are usually "silent," and \~20% of people over the age of 60 years have had one although they don't know it. Many of these people have had chest x-rays done for other reasons, and these x-rays can incidentally detect these silent fractures. Although most people with a vertebral fracture should be tested and treated for osteoporosis, studies demonstrate that less than one-quarter of older people with a vertebral fracture are ever investigated or even treated. This reflects a gap between evidence-based best practice and everyday practice in the community. The proposed research addresses this care-gap by using a quality improvement intervention that uses chest x-rays done in the Emergency Department to remind family physicians about osteoporosis while providing them with evidence-based treatment guidelines - with or without educating and empowering patients about osteoporosis. The effectiveness of this intervention will be compared to usual care in a controlled trial. The intent of this research is to improve quality of care for patients at high risk of fracture, by increasing rates of testing and treatment of osteoporosis.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 or over.
* Treated during the study duration
* Primary or secondary discharge diagnoses of NVUGIB (per charted ICD-10 code). Additional confirmation of NVUGIB using endoscopic findings or patient symptoms done as previous.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients initially assessed at another institution for the present episode of NVUGIB and subsequently transferred to the participating site with unavailable initial data.
* Endoscopy noted no gastro-duodenal ulcer bleeding, to ensure patient homogeneity.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* age \> 50 years
* any closed distal forearm fracture
* discharged home

Exclusion Criteria:

* unwilling or unable to provide consent
* admitted to hospital
* long term care resident
* residence outside Edmonton, Alberta
* unable to read and converse in English
* currently taking prescription osteoporosis treatment
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Alberta residents who undergo a cardiac catheterization and are diagnosed with coronary artery disease (\> or equal to 50% stenosis in at least one vessel).

Exclusion Criteria:

* no fasting lipid panel within the previous 6 weeks
* on a statin at maximal dose
* on a statin/lipid lowering drug and LDL-C is 2.5 mmol/L or less (prior to Sept 2006) and LDL-C is 2.0 mmol/L or less (after Sept 2006)
* not on a statin and LDL-C is 1.8 mmol/L or less
* acute myocardial infarction or cardiogenic shock
* require emergency bypass surgery following catheterization
* contraindication to statins (e.g. cirrhosis, inflammatory muscle disease)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* age 60 years or greater
* chest radiograph that reports the presence of a vertebral fracture
* discharged home.

Exclusion Criteria:

* unable to provide simple informed consent or unwilling to participate in the study
* unable to read, understand, and converse in English
* admitted to hospital
* currently enrolled in the pilot study or other osteoporosis-related studies
* currently taking any prescription osteoporosis treatment

Answer: D