Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: Vascular calcification and endothelial dysfunction (ED) contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Sevelamer, a non-calcium based phosphate binder, has been shown to attenuate cardiovascular calcification in CKD patients while the exact mechanism has not been clarified.

This study was designed to investigate the effect of short-term sevelamer treatment on both serum fetuin-A concentrations and ED seen in CKD patients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* CKD stage 4 patients
* Older than 18 years of age
* Non-diabetic
* Serum phosphorus \> 5.5 mg/dl

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diabetes mellitus
* History of coronary artery disease
* Smokers
* Taking statins or renin-angiotensin blockers
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Males or non-pregnant, non-breast-feeding females
2. Age ≥18 years
3. On thrice-weekly hemodialysis or on peritoneal dialysis for at least the previous three months prior to Screening
4. Serum phosphorus ≥6.0 mg/dL for study entry
5. Taking less than 3-18 pills/day of current phosphate binder
6. Willing to be discontinued from current phosphate binder(s) and initiated on ferric citrate
7. Willing and able to give informed consent
8. Life expectancy \>1 year

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Parathyroidectomy within six months prior to Screening
2. Actively symptomatic gastrointestinal bleeding or inflammatory bowel disease
3. History of multiple drug allergies or intolerances
4. History of malignancy in the last five years (treated cervical or non-melanomatous skin cancer may be permitted if approved by CCC)
5. Previous intolerance to oral ferric citrate
6. Intolerance to oral iron-containing products
7. Psychiatric disorder that interferes with the patient's ability to comply with the study protocol
8. Inability to tolerate oral drug intake
9. Intolerance to calcium acetate and sevelamer carbonate
10. Any other medical condition that renders the patient unable to or unlikely to complete the trial or that would interfere with optimal participation in the trial or produce significant risk to the patient
11. Receipt of any investigational drug within 30 days of Screening Visit (Visit 0)
12. Inability to cooperate with study personnel or history of noncompliance
13. Unsuitable for this trial per Investigator's clinical judgment.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Renal failure stage 3B
* 25(OH)vitamin D level above 50 nmol/l
* Age over 18 years
* Written consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Major surgery during the previous 6 months
* Myocardial infarct during the previous 6 months
* Unstable heart failure
* Ongoing treatment for any malignancy
* History of frequent infections
* Pregnancy
* Ongoing treatment with steroids, lithium or biphosphonates
D: Inclusion criteria:

1. Men or women of at least 18 years of age
2. Stable maintenance of hemodialysis 3 times per week for 3 months or greater
3. Controlled serum phosphate if under phosphate-binder therapy
4. Patient must either be on a stable phosphate binder dose and are willing to stop their phosphate binder therapy at the beginning of the study, or not have received any phosphate binder therapy for at least 4 weeks prior to screening

Exclusion criteria:

1. Patients who are on peritoneal dialysis
2. Patients who have a transplant or parathyroidectomy scheduled during the study
3. Clinically significant GI disorder
4. Unstable medical condition other than Chronic Kidney Disease
5. Patient is currently being treated with oral iron
6. History of hemachromatosis, or ferritin \> 1000 ng/mL
7. Transferrin saturation \> 60%
8. Uncontrolled hyperparathyroidism (iPTH \> 84.8 pmol/L) Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply

Answer: A