Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Age-related Cognitive Decline: Effects of Video Game Training on Behavioral and Neuroimaging Measures of Attention and Memory
Brief Summary: Neuroplasticity-based approaches seem very promising to maintain cognitive health in older adults and postpone the onset of cognitive-decline and dementia symptoms. The aims of this project are threefold:

1. the evaluation of the effects of a neuroplasticity-based-cognitive randomized computer-based intervention consisting in training with non-action video games on brain and cognitive functions that decline with ageing, including attention and spatial working memory (WM), in older adults using behavioral measures and electrophysiological recordings (event-related potentials -ERPs- and event-related spectral perturbations -ERSPs);
2. the study of the effects of age and 3 months maintenance on the cognitive and neural signatures of transfer effects to attentional and spatial WM tasks; and
3. to investigate the neuroinflammatory mechanisms assessed by non-invasive methods in saliva from participants underlying cognitive training-induced effects.

A better understanding of these mechanisms elucidates pathways that may be targeted in the future, either by behavioral or neuropsychological interventions. To achieve these aims, the investigators will recruit between 60-80 older adults volunteers to participate in the randomized, controlled, single-blind study. After screening, participants will be randomly distributed in one of these two groups: experimental and active control. Participants in the experimental group will receive 16 1 hour computerized training with non-action video games. The active control group will receive 16 1 hour training sessions with a social video game. The design is a mixed factorial design with type of intervention (experimental, active control) and assessment session (pre, post, maintenance). The results from the proposed research project will clarify the existence of transfer-of-benefit and neural mechanisms underlying cognitive improvement. The hypothesis is that mental stimulation through non-action video games will improve attention and memory, promoting brain and mental health, and extending independence among elderly people by avoiding the negative personal and economic consequences of long-term care.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Engaged with the Lumosity program at least 3 days in the first week after sign-up
* Access to an internet enabled computer to complete training

Exclusion Criteria:

* Paying subscriber
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score 26 or greater
* Global Deterioration Scale (GDS) score less than 5
* Independent living
* Normal or correct to normal vision and hearing

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of dementia
* Planned move from study area
* Inability to complete study activities
* Scores lower than inclusion criteria requirements
* Communication problems.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age range between 60-70 years old
2. Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) of 0.5\*
3. Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) of 9 and below
4. Mini-Mental State Examination of 24 and above\*
5. Chinese ethnicity
6. Literate in English and/or Chinese
7. Able to travel to study site independently

   * In the case of conflicting CDR and MMSE scores, MMSE scores will supersede CDR scores.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any known neuropsychiatric disorders (such as epilepsy or mental retardation)
2. Involvement in another research study (aside from SLAS)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age \> 64
* Self-report of recent decline in memory or thinking
* Low/no physical activity (\<2 days/week for \<30 minutes/session of moderate intensity activity over past 3 months)
* Low/no computer mental activity (\<2 days/week for \<30 minutes/session over past 3 months)
* Fluent in English
* Willingness to perform study activities

Exclusion Criteria:

* Evidence of dementia (based on self-report, physician diagnosis or score \< 19 on Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status)
* Significant central nervous system disorder (Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, ALS \[Lou Gerig's disease\])
* Major, current psychiatric disorder (major depressive disorder, schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, psychiatric hospitalization in past 20 years)
* Major central nervous system event (stroke, transient ischemic attack/mini-stroke, seizure, or traumatic brain injury that has left a residual deficit)
* Significant heart disease (severe congestive heart failure, severe aortic stenosis, cardiac arrest, uncontrolled angina)
* Significant lung disease (requiring supplemental oxygen or oral or injected steroids)
* Other condition that would make participation potentially dangerous (cancer requiring treatment in past 3 years, severe arthritis, history of cardiac defibrillation, dialysis)
* Lack of physician approval
* Severe hearing or visual impairment
* History of learning disability
* Starting prescription medication to enhance cognitive function (e.g., memantine, aricept)
* Dependent in any basic activity of daily living (eating, dressing, bathing, toileting, getting out of bed/chair)
* History of alcohol abuse/heavy alcohol use
* History of drug abuse/heavy drug use
* Currently enrolled in another research study
* Fibromyalgia or tremor severe enough to prevent use of a computer mouse
* Planning to travel \> 4 exercise class days during study period
* Behaviors during screening or baseline visit that, in the judgement of research staff, are likely to present significant problems (e.g., uncooperative, anger, inappropriate physical contact)
* Unable to perform neuropsychological evaluations
* Unable to complete consent process

Answer: B