Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Walking Away From Type 2 Diabetes: a Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial to Investigate the Effect of Structured Education on Walking Activity in Those With a High Risk of Developing Type 2 Diabetes
Brief Summary: Diabetes is a debilitating chronic disease reaching epidemic proportions. Lack of physical activity is a key factor driving this epidemic and it is therefore vital that workable methods of encouraging people to exercise and reducing inactivity are developed and tested if we are to stem the rising tide of diabetes.

This cluster randomised controlled trial will investigate whether a person-centred group educational programme can increase walking activity and reduce the risk of developing diabetes in high-risk individuals identified in primary care settings. In total 804 patients will be recruited to the study. Physical activity levels, glucose control, incidence of type 2 diabetes and anthropometric measurements (e.g. weight) will be tested on an annual basis over three years.

This trial will be the first to test the feasibility, efficacy and value for money of a physical activity intervention aimed at reducing the risk of diabetes in a community setting in a multi-ethnic population in the UK.

Primary research hypothesis: A pragmatic structured education programme aimed at promoting walking activity initiates long-term increases in physical activity in individuals identified through a risk score as having an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Persons age 18 and over
* Determination of BMI ≥ 24 kg/m2; persons of Asian Descent BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2
* Completion of the 7-item ADA Diabetes Risk Assessment and an ADA risk score ≥ 5
* Persons with a value of 100mg/dl or greater will confer eligibility from a single drop of whole blood obtained by finger stick to assess casual capillary blood glucose (CCBG) concentration using One-Touch Ultra handheld glucometer.
* Persons at high-risk for Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT), having an ADA Risk Score ≥5 and CCBG 110-199 mg/dl or an A1c ≥5.7%and \< 6.5%.
* Women with a self-reported history of gestational diabetes with an A1c \<6.5% and/or CCBG \<199 mg/dl

Exclusion Criteria:

* Persons under the age of 18
* Persons with no evidence of pre-diabetes.
* Persons who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant.
* Person unable or unwilling to provide consent.
* Screening attendees who have a known condition that could alter glucose metabolism (e.g. pregnancy; known diabetes; antipsychotic or steroid medications; certain diseases or other conditions including Cushing's syndrome, acromegaly, pheochromocytoma, chronic pancreatitis, or HIV.)
* Heart attack, stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) in the past 6 months.
* Uncontrolled hypertension: systolic \> 180 mm Hg or diastolic \>105 mm Hg.
* Persons receiving treatment for cancer (excluding surgery alone) within the last 2 years(excluding skin cancer).
* Chest pain.
* Shortness of breath with minimal activity or at rest.
* Unexplained dizziness or fainting with physical activity (exercise).
* Chronic lung disease: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) or asthma requiring home oxygen therapy (excluding sole use of a continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) machine).
* Current use of anti-diabetes medications for the treatment of diagnosed diabetes
* Unable to communicate with research staff (including intervention staff).
* Unable to read written English.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18+
* High risk of developing type 2 diabetes as identified through a risk score

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed diabetes
* Taking steroid medication
* Serious chronic illness preventing participation in trial
* Unable to speak English
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* 2-h blood glucose ≥ 7.8 mmol/l and \< 11.1 mmol/l
* Fasting plasma glucose \< 7 mmol/l
* BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2 (or 23 kg/m2 for those from a South Asian ethnic origin)
* Aged 18 or over

Exclusion Criteria:

* Taking medication known to significantly interfere with glucose tolerance
* Participating in regular vigorous physical activity
* Unable to participate in moderate intensity physical activity
* Pregnant
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* caucasion,age 40-70, mean 2hr glucose 7.8-12.5 mmol/l, mean fasting blood glucose below 7.8

Exclusion Criteria:

* known type 2 diabetes, mean 2hr glucose \>12.5 mmol/l, mean fasting blood glucose \> 7.8 mmol/l, chronic illness that makes 5-year survival improbable, interferes with glucose tolerance or makes participation in a lifestyle intervention impossible, medication known to interfere with glucose tolerance, participation in a vigorous exercise and/or diet program

Answer: B