Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Reducing the Pro-ischaemic Effects of Ambient Particulate Air Pollution in Patients With Coronary Heart Disease Using a Simple Face Mask Intervention
Brief Summary: Air pollution is a major cause of cardiorespiratory morbidity and mortality. The exact components of air pollution that underlie the cardiovascular effects are not yet known, but combustion-derived particulate matter is suspected to be the major cause. Epidemiological studies have shown that exposure to air pollution causes exacerbation of existing cardiorespiratory conditions leading to increased hospital admissions and death. The investigators have recently conducted a series of controlled exposure studies to urban particulate matter and diesel exhaust in healthy volunteers and patients with coronary heart disease. The investigators found that controlled exposure to dilute diesel exhaust in patients with prior myocardial infarction induced asymptomatic myocardial ischaemia with an increase in electrocardiographic measures of myocardial ischaemia. Whilst important, further questions remain: (i) does air pollution exposure exacerbate ischaemia and reduce exercise tolerance in patients with symptomatic angina pectoris, (ii) do "real world" exposures as encountered in the urban environment of major cities have similar effects, and (iii) can a simple face mask intervention to reduce exposure to particulate air pollution improve health outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease?


Options:
A: Arm Label: Salvational intervention(SI) group; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Budesonide/formoterol, Drug: tiotropium bromide | Arm Label: Control(CT) group; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: tiotropium bromide | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Budesonide/formoterol; Assigned to Arm(s): Salvational intervention(SI) group | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: tiotropium bromide; Assigned to Arm(s): Control(CT) group, Salvational intervention(SI) group
B: Arm Label: No intervention to DDS exposure - Asthma in Children; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Intervention 1 - Asthma in Children; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Intervention (1) for outdoor exposure reduction - Asthma in Children | Arm Label: Intervention 2 - Asthma in Children; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Intervention (2) for outdoor and indoor exposure reduction - Asthma in Children | Arm Label: No intervention to DDS exposure - Atrial Fibrillation; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Intervention 1 - Atrial Fibrillation; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Intervention (1) for outdoor exposure reduction - Atrial Fibrillation | Arm Label: Intervention 2 - Atrial Fibrillation; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Intervention (2) for outdoor and indoor exposure reduction - Atrial Fibrillation | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Intervention (1) for outdoor exposure reduction - Asthma in Children; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention 1 - Asthma in Children | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Intervention (2) for outdoor and indoor exposure reduction - Asthma in Children; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention 2 - Asthma in Children | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Intervention (1) for outdoor exposure reduction - Atrial Fibrillation; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention 1 - Atrial Fibrillation | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Intervention (2) for outdoor and indoor exposure reduction - Atrial Fibrillation; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention 2 - Atrial Fibrillation
C: Arm Label: Visit 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: No Face Mask | Arm Label: Visit 2; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: Face Mask | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: No Face Mask; Assigned to Arm(s): Visit 1 | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Face Mask; Assigned to Arm(s): Visit 2
D: N/A

Answer: C