Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effect of Electronic Monitoring Combined With Weekly Feedback and Reminders on Adherence to Inhaled Corticosteroids in Infants and Younger Children With Asthma: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: A total of 96 recruited children (aged 6 months to 3 years) with mild or moderate persistent asthma who were on regular inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) were randomly allocated to receive electronic monitoring combined with instant messaging software -based weekly feeding back adherence and reminders to keep taking the ICS (intervention group) and to receive electronic monitoring only (control group). The device-monitored adherence rates and caregiver-reported adherence rates were analyzed.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. patients having mild or moderate persistent asthma
2. 6 months-3 years
3. taking regular inhaled steroids, with no change in their medication in the last month.

Exclusion Criteria:

Participants who had severe persistent asthma or another respiratory disease or did not live in Shanghai were excluded.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Males or females age 5 to 12 years and their parent or legal guardian.
* Caregiver has an app enabled cellular phone (i.e., smart phone)
* Prescribed inhaled corticosteroid or corticosteroid/long acting beta agonist combination for daily use
* At least 2 asthma exacerbations in the preceding year (Any combination of hospitalizations, ED visits, or outpatient visits where oral steroid courses were administered for asthma)
* Parental/guardian permission (informed consent) and if appropriate, child assent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects prescribed a controller medication to which the electronic device cannot affix
* Subjects in which the mobile app is not compatible with their smart phone model
* Subjects with major developmental delays or disabilities
* Subjects with comorbid chronic diagnoses that influence their asthma management such as cystic fibrosis, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, or cyanotic heart disease
* Families with active Department of Human Services (DHS) involvement
* Non-English speaking families
* Parents/guardians or subjects whose medical team recommends against approaching for enrollment in a research study.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects aged 18 years or older, at the time of signing the informed consent.
* Subjects with documented physician diagnosis of asthma as their primary respiratory disease.
* ACT score \<20 at screening visit.
* Non-smokers (never smoked or not smoking for \>6 months with \<10 pack years history (Pack years = \[cigarettes per day smoked/20\] multiplied by number of years smoked).
* Male or female subjects will be included. A female subject is eligible to participate if she is not pregnant, not breastfeeding, and at least one of the following conditions applies: (i) Not a woman of childbearing potential (WOCBP). (ii) A WOCBP who agrees to follow the contraceptive guidance during the treatment period and for at least 5 days\] after the last dose of study treatment.
* Capable of giving signed informed consent which includes compliance with the requirements and restrictions listed in the consent form and protocol.
* Subject understands and is willing, able, and likely to comply with study procedures and restrictions.
* Subject must be able to read in a language supported by the smart phone app in their region.
* Subject must have been on maintenance therapy (Fixed dose combination ICS/LABA) for 3 months, cannot have changed dose in the month prior to screening and be able to change to an equivalent dose of RELVAR/BREO for the duration of the study. Other background asthma medication such as anti-leukotrienes and oral corticosteroids are permitted provided the dose has been stable for 1 month prior to screening.
* Subject must be able to change to Salbutamol/Albuterol MDI rescue for the duration of the study and judged capable of withholding albuterol/salbutamol for at least 6 hours prior to study visits.
* Subject must have their own Android or iPhone operating system (IOS) smart phone and a data package suitable for the installation and running of the app and sending and receiving data. Data used by the CIS is approximately 1 megabyte (MB) per month as a maximum; this is less data than a 1 minute video streamed from YouTube (2MB).
* Subjects must be willing and able to download the app on their personal smart phone and keep it turned on for the duration of the study. This will also require Bluetooth to be turned on for duration of the study. Subjects will also have to turn on mobile data for the app for the duration of study; unless travelling and when extra data roaming costs could be incurred.

Inclusion criteria for randomization:

* ACT score \<20 at randomization visit (visit 2).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects with a known or suspected alcohol or drug abuse which in the opinion of the investigator could interfere with the subject's proper completion of the protocol requirement.
* History of life threatening asthma: Defined as an asthma episode that required intubation and/or was associated with hypercapnea, respiratory arrest or hypoxic seizures within the last 6 months.
* A lower respiratory tract infection within 7 days of the screening visit.
* Concurrent diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) or other respiratory disorders including active tuberculosis, lung cancer, bronchiectasis, sarcoidosis, lung fibrosis, pulmonary hypertension, interstitial lung diseases or other active pulmonary diseases.
* History of hypersensitivity/intolerance to any components of the study inhalers (example, lactose, magnesium stearate). In addition, subjects with a history of severe milk protein allergy that, in the opinion of the study physician, contraindicates participation will also be excluded.
* Historical or current evidence of clinically significant or rapidly progressing or unstable cardiovascular, neurological, cardiovascular, neurological, renal, hepatic, immunological, endocrine (including uncontrolled diabetes or thyroid disease) or hematological abnormalities that are uncontrolled. Significant is defined as any disease that, in the opinion of the investigator, would put the safety of the subject at risk through participation, or which would affect the analysis if the disease/condition exacerbated during the study.
* Subjects who have ever received treatment with biological based therapy example, omalizumab, mepolizumab, for asthma.
* Subjects who have received an investigational drug and/or medical device within 30 days of entry into this study (Screening), or within five drug half-lives of the investigational drug, whichever is longer.
* A subject will not be eligible for this study if he/she is an immediate family member of the participating investigator, sub-investigator, study coordinator, employee of the participating investigator, or any family member of a Propeller Health employee.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Physician-diagnosed asthma (based on parent report)
2. Persistent asthma or poor asthma control (based on NHLBI guidelines). Any 1 of the following:

   * In past month, \>2 days per week with asthma symptoms
   * \>2 days per week with rescue medication use
   * \>2 days per month with nighttime symptoms
   * \>=2 asthma episodes during the past year that required systemic corticosteroids.
3. Age \>=3 and =\<10 years
4. Attending school in Rochester City School District preschools or elementary schools

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Inability to speak and understand English or Spanish
2. No access to a phone for follow-up surveys
3. Family planning to leave the district within fewer than 6 months.
4. The child having other significant medical conditions, including congenital heart disease, cystic fibrosis, or other chronic lung disease, that could interfere with the assessment of asthma-related measures.
5. Children in foster care or other situations in which consent cannot be obtained from a guardian.

Answer: A