Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effect of Non-surgical Periodontal Therapy on Host Response and Microbiological Profile of Type 2 Diabetics With Periodontal Disease.
Brief Summary: Periodontitis, a chronic inflammatory disease which results in irreversible attachment loss, bone destruction and tooth loss, is a major oral health problem affecting 90.2% of Malaysian population. It was initially demonstrated that Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) was a risk factor for periodontitis and subsequently a two-way relationship between diabetes and periodontitis was proposed. Diabetes has been shown to cause defects in neutrophil function by overproduction of pro-inflammatory mediators such as Tumour necrosis factor-α, Interleukin-1β and Prostaglandin E2 by macrophages. The inflammatory mediators released in response to plaque have been reported to be insulin antagonists that disturb binding of insulin to its receptors and further complicate hyperglycaemia in T2D. The hyperglycaemia in diabetics promotes more pathogenic bacteria into the subgingival microenvironment making them more susceptible to chronic periodontitis. Studies however differ in the types of periodontal pathogens present in these pockets. At the same time, very few studies have quantified them. This study proposes to investigate the effect that non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) has on the periodontal parameters, HbA1c levels, microbiological profile and CRP levels of T2D patients with chronic periodontitis as compared to oral hygiene education (OHE)alone.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Non-surgical periodontal therapy; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Non-surgical periodontal therapy | Arm Label: Delayed non-surgical periodontal therapy; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: Delayed non-surgical periodontal therapy | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Non-surgical periodontal therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Non-surgical periodontal therapy | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Delayed non-surgical periodontal therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Delayed non-surgical periodontal therapy
B: Arm Label: intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Periodontal Scaling and root planing | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Periodontal Scaling and root planing; Assigned to Arm(s): intervention
C: Arm Label: treatment; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: non-surgical periodontal treatment | Arm Label: control; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Procedure: non-surgical periodontal treatment | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: non-surgical periodontal treatment; Assigned to Arm(s): control, treatment
D: Arm Label: Nonsurgical periodontal therapy; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Nonsurgical periodontal therapy, Procedure: Oral hygiene instructions | Arm Label: Oral hygiene instructions; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Oral hygiene instructions | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Nonsurgical periodontal therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Nonsurgical periodontal therapy | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Oral hygiene instructions; Assigned to Arm(s): Nonsurgical periodontal therapy, Oral hygiene instructions

Answer: D