Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Reducing Sugar-Sweetened Beverage Consumption in Overweight Adolescents
Brief Summary: The primary aim of this study is to examine the effect of a multi-component intervention, designed to reduce consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, on weight gain, total energy intake, and diet quality in adolescents. The secondary aim is to evaluate whether outcomes of the intervention differ between adolescents for whom 100% fruit juice vs. other products (i.e., soda, fruit punch, lemonade, iced tea, coffee drinks, energy drinks, sports drinks) constitutes the primary source of sugar from beverages.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age between 15 and 18 years (inclusive)
* Male or female of Chinese ethnicity
* Body mass index \>/= 95th percentile of Hong Kong local age- and sex-specific reference
* No major medical illness
* Not on any chronic medications
* Post-pubertal as ascertained by clinical assessment by endocrinologist
* Willingness to give written informed consent by participants and his/her parents/guardian

Exclusion criteria:

* Concurrent participation in any clinical trial, dietary intervention or weight loss program
* Concomitant intake of weight reducing agent
* Active and uncontrolled endocrine diseases including hypo- or hyperthyroidism, Cushing's syndrome, diabetes mellitus, etc.
* Significant renal impairment, defined as serum creatinine \>150 umol/L and/or estimated glomerular filtration rate \<60ml/min/1.73m2
* Significant liver impairment, defined as \>2 times upper limit of alanine aminotransferase and asparate aminotransferase levels
* Gastrointestinal problems that would prevent them from following the test diets
* Active malignant disease
* Pregnant or lactating
* Any medical illness or condition including known non-compliance, as judged by the investigators as ineligible to participate the study
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Female and male high school students in Hayward Unified School District or Meridian School District
* 85th or greater percentile for age-adjusted weight
* Objective binge eating one or more times weekly for a duration of ≥ 3 months
* Access to a computer with internet access
* English literacy at a sixth grade reading level

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current (or history of) diagnosis of anorexia or bulimia nervosa
* Active suicidal ideation
* Current enrollment in a formal weight loss or binge eating program (e.g., Weight Watchers)
* Any medical condition in which the actual condition or treatment affects weight and/or appetite (i.e., cancer, diabetes)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Enrolled in grade 9 or 10
* BMI ≥ 85th percentile for age and gender
* Residing in predominately one household, with access to a working telephone
* Consumption of 12 fluid ounces sugar-sweetened beverages (including 100% fruit juices) per day

Exclusion Criteria:

* Sibling participating in the study
* Intention to change location of residence during the 2 years post-randomization
* Plans to be away from home for 5 weeks or longer during the study period
* Physician diagnosis of a major medical illness or eating disorder
* Chronic use of any medication that may affect body weight or composition
* Current smoking
* Physical, mental, or cognitive handicaps that prevent participation
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Criteria for participation in the study include:

* Being overweight (BMI \> 85th percentile for age and sex, weight for height \>85th percentile, or weight \>120% of ideal for height). In addition, at least half of the study participants will have a BMI \> 95th percentile for age and sex. Study participants will have a maximum body weight of 285 pounds.
* Adolescent subjects must also have at least two of the following risk factors:

  * family history of type 2 diabetes in a first-or second-degree relative,
  * race/ethnicity of American Indian, African-American, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander, or
  * signs of insulin resistance (acanthosis nigricans, hypertension, dyslipidemia, or polycystic ovarian syndrome).
* In addition, adolescent subjects must be able to read and speak English or Spanish, have access to the Internet at home, school, or work, be reachable at a telephone number, be willing to participate in monthly 90-minute group meetings, have plans to stay in the San Diego area for the one-year study period, and have an English or Spanish speaking parent/guardian also willing to participate in the study.
* Parental consent (obtained in parents primary language) and subject assent is also required.
* Participants must have a parent or guardian agree to enroll who is able to speak and read in English or Spanish, has ongoing access and uses the internet, and plans to reside in San Diego for the length of the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

Subjects will be excluded from participation if they have any of the following conditions:

* Diabetes
* Pregnancy
* Cardiovascular problem, musculoskeletal problem or any medical condition that would limit their ability to comply with physical activity or dietary recommendations.
* Patients in foster care will be ineligible due to difficulty in obtaining follow-up measures.

Answer: C