Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Evaluation of the Immediate Effect of Acupuncture on Pain, Cervical Range of Motion and Electromyographic Activity of the Upper Trapezius Muscle in Patients With Nonspecific Neck Pain: Randomized, Single-blinded, Sham-controlled Study.
Brief Summary: The aim of the proposed study is to evaluate the immediate effect of acupuncture on pain, cervical range of motion and electromyographic activity of the upper trapezius muscle in patients with nonspecific neck pain.Twelve patients with nonspecific neck pain and 12 healthy subjects will be enrolled in a randomized, single-blind, crossover study. Each patient will receive two forms of treatment in random order: a single session of traditional acupuncture and sham acupuncture. To eliminate carry-over treatment effects, a one-week wash-out period will be respected between sessions. Surface electromyography will be used to determine motor control in the upper trapezius muscle before and after treatment. The outcome measures in the group with neck pain will be a numerical pain rating scale (range: 0 \[no pain\] to 10 \[maximum pain\]), documentation of the pain area on a body chart and cervical range of motion. Linear regression analysis will be applied for each individual to investigate associations between the sEMG variables and force (excluding the sixth step). The slopes of the regression lines will be used to measure the sensitivity of the sEMG variables regarding changes in force. The Shapiro-Wilk test will be used to test the normality of the data distribution regarding RMS and MDF values in the third and sixth step of the step contraction. Paired samples (Student's t-test or Wilcoxon test) will be used to test differences between third and sixth contraction step. A mixed linear model will be used to analyze and compare the sEMG data during sustained contraction (five steps) between pre-acupuncture (EMG-1) and post-acupuncture (EMG-2) evaluations. These comparisons will demonstrate whether acupoints TE-5 and LI-11 affect the activity of the upper trapezius muscle, as hypothesized. The pain (NRS, PPT and area) and cervical ROM data collected during the four evaluations will also be compared using a mixed linear model. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version 19.0 for Windows) will be employed for the statistical analysis, with the level of significance set to 5% (p \< 0.05).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

- presence of Chronic neck pain

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cancer
* Spinal infection
* ankylosing spondylosis
* myelopathy
* moderate hypertension or more
* serious mental disease
* other skeletomuscular disease
* history of operation or acupuncture treatment about spinal disease
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* A clinically relevant MFTrP of the upper Trapezius musculature
* Self-reported pain of ≥3 on an eleven-point numerical pain rating scale (NRS-101).
* BMI less than 31

Exclusion Criteria:

* a history of chronic, systemic pathology (e.g. hemophilia)
* pre-existing neck/shoulder pathology/surgical procedures,
* clinical depression
* health-related legal action
* pregnant
* anti-inflammatory and/or chronic pain medication
* had received dry needling for a shoulder/neck disorder within 6 months prior to the study (to raise the level of patient naiveté) suffered from needle phobia
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 to 40 years
* male and female volunteers

Exclusion Criteria:

* history of neurological disorders
* neck surgery
* chronic neck pain resulting from a traumatic incident
* chronic musculoskeletal condition
* medical diagnosis of fibromyalgia; systemic disease
* connective tissue disorder
* non-tolerance of needles; current pregnancy
* having undergone physical therapy use of analgesic, muscle relaxant.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged over 19 years with acute pain defined as pain occurring within 72 hours of ED presentation
* Acute neck pain with no evidence of neurological abnormality
* Acute headache which meets the classification criteria of a primary headache as described by the International Headache Society (code 1 to 4)
* Acute ankle injury with no evidence of fracture or complete tear of ligaments

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any suspected non-musculoskeletal cause (neoplasm or neurological complications) for neck or ankle pain
* Any suspected secondary headaches classified by codes 5 to 12 in the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 2nd edition
* Pain due to bone fracture or joint dislocation
* Pain with fever (defined by a temperature above 37.5 °C)
* Inappropriate at the ED physician's discretion
* Pain level of less than 4 points of pain intensity on the Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) (range 0 to 10) at the completion of observations after the standard ED management
* Pregnant women

Answer: C