Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Building Capacity and Promoting Smoking Cessation in the Community Via "Quit to Win" Contest 2015: a Randomized Controlled Trial on Brief Intervention (AWARD Model) and Active Referral to Smoking Cessation Services
Brief Summary: Although smoking prevalence is decreasing in Hong Kong, there are still 648,800 daily smokers 10.8% (Census and Statistics Department, 2013) and half will be killed by smoking (Lam, 2012) which accounts for over 7,000 deaths per year (Lam, Ho, Hedley, Mak, \& Peto, 2001). Smoking also accounts for a large amount of medical cost, long-term care and productivity loss of US$688 million (0.6% Hong Kong GDP) (Census \& Statistics Department, 2001; McGhee et al., 2006) . Smoking is a highly addictive behavior and it is difficult for smokers with strong nicotine dependence to quit without assistance. On the other hand, reaching and helping the many smokers who have no intention to quit is a challenge, because they are unlikely to seek professional help from smoking cessation services.

The Quit and Win programme provides an opportunity to reach and encourage a large group of smokers to make quit attempt and maintain abstinence. The Quit and Win model posits that smokers participating in the contest will have higher motivation to quit with incentives and better social support (Cahill \& Perera, 2011). Studies have found that such quitting contests or incentive programs appeared to reach a large number of smokers and demonstrated a significantly higher quit rate for the quit and win group than for the control group (Cahill \& Perera, 2008).

Smoking cessation services in Hong Kong are under-used with more than half (60.9%) adult daily smokers who had never used smoking cessation services (Census and Statistics Department, 2013). Among these smokers only 9.6% were willing to use the services. Existing services mostly require self-initiation to seek the services but smokers general lack the will power of initiation. Active referral will help overcome the barriers of self-initiation. There is preliminary evidence that active referral of smokers to smoking cessation hotline services may increase likelihood of smoking abstinence at 12-month follow-up compared with no active referrals (Borland et al., 2008). A recent study has also reported that individuals who used the community-based referral were also more likely to quit than those who did not (43.6% vs 15.3%, P\<0.001) (Haas et al., 2015).

Therefore, the present study will examine (1) effectiveness of the active referral and AWARD approaches, (2) explore the use of CBPR model to build capacity and to engage community partners in taking on this important public health issue for sustainability in the community. In addition, process evaluation will be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the recruitment activity and how it is linked with the overall program outcomes.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hong Kong residents aged 18 or above
* Smoke at least 1 cigarette per day in the past 3 months
* Able to communicate in Cantonese
* Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) 4 ppm or above, assessed by a validated CO smokerlyzer
* Have Intention to quit

Exclusion Criteria:

* Smokers who have difficulties (either physical or cognitive condition) to communicate
* Currently following other smoking cessation programs
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Inclusion Criteria-Patients:
* Diagnosis of lung cancer
* Ages 18 or older
* Able to consent

Inclusion Criteria-Family Members:

* Patient has given consent to contact the family member
* Ages 18 or older
* Speaks and reads English
* Cognitively able to give consent to participate
* Has access to a telephone
* Smoked at least 100 cigarettes in his/her life
* Smoked any cigarettes in the prior 7 days at screening

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients or family members who do not meet inclusion criteria
C: Inclusion Criteria for smoking intervention and weight management intervention:

* Participants must be Medicaid recipients receiving mental health treatment at one of the participating study sites in New Hampshire.
* 18 years or older

Additional Inclusion Criteria for smoking intervention only:

\*Smoking 5 or more cigarettes a day or a carbon monoxide level of 5 or higher at screening.

Additional Inclusion Criteria for weight management only:

\*Body Mass Index of 30 or higher or 25 or higher and sedentary lifestyle.

Exclusion Criteria for both interventions:

* Diagnosis of dementia or terminal illness (expected to result in death in 1 year or less)
* Nursing home
* Inability to speak or understand English

Additional exclusion Criteria for weight management only:

* Previous participation in the In SHAPE program
* Active eating disorder diagnosis
* Pregnancy

Additional exclusion Criteria for smoking intervention only:

\*Active alcohol or drug dependence with use in the past 30 days
D: DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

* Smokes 10 or more cigarettes/day over the past year AND ≥ 5 cigarettes/day within the past week
* Planning to stop smoking in 4-6 weeks
* Member of Group Health Cooperative (GHC) and planning to stay enrolled for the next 6 months
* Eligible for the Free \& Clear program
* Enrolled in the COMPASS study using bupropion hydrochloride medication
* No prior participation in GHC's Free \& Clear smoking cessation program within the past 6 months

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

* In good general health
* Sufficient verbal and written English
* Dependable access to a telephone and the Internet
* Not currently drinking ≥ 14 alcoholic drinks per week and/or binge drinking ≥ 2 times in the past month
* Not pregnant or nursing
* No plan to become pregnant
* No severe chronic heart disease (e.g, myocardial infarction within the past 3 months)
* No severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that ever required hospitalization or oxygen treatment
* No diagnosis of or treatment for a psychotic disorder (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or mania)
* Not having certain kidney problems

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

* See Disease Characteristics
* No concurrent use of medications contraindicated with bupropion hydrochloride or known to lower seizure threshold (e.g., antidepressant, antipsychotic, monamine oxidase inhibitor, or protease inhibitor)
* No concurrent use of recreational or street drugs
* No concurrent use of bupropion hydrochloride or nicotine replacement therapy
* No concurrent cimetidine, metformin, phenformin, pindolol, procainamide
* Not on dialysis

Answer: A