Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Promote Physician-Patient Discussion of Prostate Cancer Screening
Brief Summary: Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer among men. It is also the second leading cause of cancer-related death among men. Two screening tests are available to try to detect prostate cancer early - the digital rectal examination (DRE) and the prostate specific antigen (PSA) blood test. Unfortunately, physicians aren't sure whether or not these two screening tests help save lives, and there's a lot of controversy about how to use them. Recently, a major government committee (the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force) recommended that physicians discuss the risks and potential benefits of prostate cancer screening with their patients, and allow patients to make their own decision.

Because of the controversies, many physicians currently don't discuss prostate cancer with their patients. The problem is that it takes time and effort to have these discussions, and the information is complicated. A lot of patients have trouble understanding it, especially if they have a limited educational background or trouble reading. When patients have difficulty obtaining, understanding, and acting on basic health information, we say that they have "low health literacy." Other researchers have shown that patients with low health literacy don't know as much about cancer screening and are less likely to get screened for various cancers. They also tend to be timid about discussing things with their doctor, and often go along with what the doctor says, rather than taking an active role in the decision making.

In 2003, under IRB approval, we conducted a study with 2 goals: 1) to encourage patients to talk to their doctor about prostate cancer screening, and 2) to learn more about the impact of low health literacy on these conversations. To promote conversation, we used two handouts, given to patients in the waiting room before they saw the doctor. The first was a patient education handout about prostate cancer screening, written in very simple terms with useful illustrations. The second was a handout that simply encouraged patients to talk to their doctor about prostate cancer. Patients got one of the two handouts, or a nutritional handout that served as a control. After they saw their doctor, a research assistant briefly interviewed the patient to find out whether or not prostate cancer screening was discussed. We also measured the patients' health literacy skills, and asked a few other questions about their decision to get screened for prostate cancer.


Options:
A: Arm Label: FRAX + Decision Aid; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: FRAX + Decision Aid | Arm Label: Usual care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: FRAX estimated fracture risk; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: FRAX estimated fracture risk | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: FRAX + Decision Aid; Assigned to Arm(s): FRAX + Decision Aid | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: FRAX estimated fracture risk; Assigned to Arm(s): FRAX estimated fracture risk
B: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Heart to Heart (Web-Based Decision Aid), Behavioral: Physician Education Session | Arm Label: 2; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Heart to Heart (Web-Based Decision Aid); Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Physician Education Session; Assigned to Arm(s): 1
C: Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Educational handout about prostate cancer screening; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Simple cue for patient to talk to doctor; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
D: Arm Label: Computerized decision aid; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Informed free choice | Arm Label: Usual care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Informed free choice; Assigned to Arm(s): Computerized decision aid

Answer: C