Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Bradykinin Receptor Antagonism During Cardiopulmonary Bypass
Brief Summary: Each year over a million patients worldwide undergo cardiac surgery requiring cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). CPB is associated with significant morbidity including the transfusion of allogenic blood products, inflammation and hemodynamic instability. In fact, approximately 20% of all blood products transfused are associated with coronary artery bypass grafting procedures. Transfusion of allogenic blood products is associated with well-documented morbidity and increased mortality after cardiac surgery. Enhanced fibrinolysis contributes to increased blood product transfusion in the perioperative period. The current proposal tests the central hypothesis that endogenous bradykinin contributes to the hemodynamic, fibrinolytic and inflammatory response to CPB and that bradykinin receptor antagonism will reduce hypotension, inflammation and transfusion requirements. In SPECIFIC AIM 1 we will test the hypothesis that the fibrinolytic and inflammatory response to CPB differ during ACE inhibition and angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonism. In SPECIFIC AIM 2 we will test the hypothesis that bradykinin B2 receptor antagonism attenuates the hemodynamic, fibrinolytic, and inflammatory response to CPB. In SPECIFIC AIM 3 we will test the hypothesis that bradykinin B2 receptor antagonism reduces the risk of allogenic blood product transfusion in patients undergoing CPB. These studies promise to provide important information regarding the effects of drugs that interrupt the RAS and generate new strategies to reduce morbidity in patients undergoing CPB.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Ulinastatin; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Ulinastatin | Arm Label: Tranexamic Acid; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Tranexamic Acid | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Saline Solution | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ulinastatin; Assigned to Arm(s): Ulinastatin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Tranexamic Acid; Assigned to Arm(s): Tranexamic Acid | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Saline Solution; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
B: Arm Label: Study (CytoSorb); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: CytoSorb | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Corticosteroid; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Methylprednisolone | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: CytoSorb; Assigned to Arm(s): Study (CytoSorb) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Methylprednisolone; Assigned to Arm(s): Corticosteroid
C: Arm Label: Sevoflurane Group; Type: N/A; Interventions: Drug: Sevoflurane | Arm Label: Not Sevoflurane Group; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Sevoflurane; Assigned to Arm(s): Sevoflurane Group
D: Arm Label: HOE 140; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: HOE 140 | Arm Label: Aminocaproic Acid; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Aminocaproic Acid | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: HOE 140; Assigned to Arm(s): HOE 140 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Aminocaproic Acid; Assigned to Arm(s): Aminocaproic Acid | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo

Answer: D