Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized Controlled Trial of Prevention of Fall-related Fractures and Other Injuries by Physical Exercise Among Community Dwelling Elderly Women
Brief Summary: 1. Primary objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of a fall prevention exercise program in preventing falls resulting in fractures and other physical traumas.
2. Secondary objectives:

   * to better understand the mechanisms by which physical exercise prevents falls and ensuing injuries (improvement in physical functional abilities, global physical activity level, general physical and psychological wellbeing and self-confidence).
   * to determine the individual factors associated with long-term adherence to the exercise program.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 65 years
* Seen in the Emergency Department for a fall or injury related to a fall
* Able to follow 3 step commands
* Singapore citizen or Permanent Resident
* Living at home upon discharge
* Provision of informed consent
* If admitted to the hospital, the illness or disability is one from which they are expected to recover basic ADLs or weight bearing of the lower extremity within the next month

Exclusion Criteria:

* Those patients with severe physical and/or mental impairments which preclude participation in a program of physical therapy (as determined by a primary physician) will NOT be eligible for participation.
* Unable to participate in the exercise program due to conflicting schedules (e.g. full-time employment, on dialysis)
* Serious life limiting illness
* Patients seen at ED due to road traffic accidents
* Unable to walk even with assistance
* Not community dwelling prior to ED visit
* Total blindness
* Needs emergency inpatient surgery and, if admitted to the hospital, the illness or disability is one from which they are not expected to recover basic ADLs or weight bearing in the lower extremity within the next one month.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 2 or more falls within 6 months prior to the beginning of the study
* Aged 60-85 years
* Able to walk for 5 minutes unassisted
* Adequate hearing and vision capabilities.
* Stable medication for the past 1 month and anticipated over a period of 6 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Psychiatric co-morbidity
* Clinical diagnosis of dementia or other severe cognitive impairment (MMSE\<24)
* History of stroke, traumatic brain injury or other neurological disorders (other than PD and MCI, for those groups)
* Acute lower back or lower extremity pain, peripheral neuropathy, rheumatic and orthopaedic diseases
* Unstable medical condition in the past 6 months
* Unable to comply with the training
* Interfering therapy
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* 65 years old or above
* independent in accessing the centres

Exclusion Criteria:

* having habitual exercise or participate in supervised exercise
* having drug treatment that affects normal metabolism of musculoskeletal system
* having hypo- or hyperparathyroidism, renal, liver or other chronic diseases
* having low-energy fracture history
* previous or current smokers or drinkers
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* women aged 75 years and older,
* living at home but with impaired physical functional capacity (as assessed by simple functional tests: 6-meter walking test and tandem walk test).

Exclusion Criteria:

* serious health problems preventing practice of a physical activity (medical contra-indications),
* already engaged in fall prevention or general group exercise classes.

Answer: D