Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Subacute Stroke Recovery (Upper Extremity Motor Function): Bimanual Coordination Training
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two amounts of treatment therapy on post stroke motor recovery in the arms. The therapy is bilateral movement training combined with electrical stimulation on the impaired limb.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* subacute (\<6 months) stroke
* 18-75 years old
* history of history of unilateral, supratentorial, ischemic or hemorrhage stroke
* able to walk 10m without physical assistance
* gait speed less than or equal to .8m/s
* medical clearance

Exclusion Criteria:

* significant cardiorespiratory or metabolic disease that may limit exercise participation
* weight limit \> 250 lbs (limit of most counter-weight safety systems)
* history of previous orthopedic or neurological conditions which may impair walking.
* women of childbearing potential will not be excluded, although women who are pregnant will be excluded due to potential forces at trunk from the harness applied at the waist.
* subjects with scores \< 23 on the Mini Mental Status Exam

  * Exclusion for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS):
* pacemaker
* metal implants in the head region
* history of epilepsy or seizures
* skull fractures or skull deficits
* concussion within the last 6 months
* unexplained recurring headaches
* medications that lower seizure threshold
* pregnancy

  * Exclusion for the MRI:
* aneurysm clip or coil
* metal or wire implants
* heart valve prosthesis
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* an ability to complete 10º of wrist or finger extension from a 60 - 65 º flexed position
* score less than a 56 on the UE subscale of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment
* an ability to voluntarily activate slight movements in the wrist and fingers so that the EMG activity reaches a minimal level on the microprocessor for electrical stimulation to be activated
* unilateral, first stroke of ischemic or hemorrhagic origin in the carotid artery distribution
* free of major post stroke complications
* able to attend therapy 2 days/week or 4 days/week for 2 weeks
* score at least a 16 on the Mini Mental Status Examination
* able to discriminate sharp from dull and light touch using traditional sensation tests.

Exclusion Criteria:

* hemiparetic arm is insensate
* motor impairments from stroke on opposite side of body
* pre-existing neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, or dementia
* Legal blindness or severe visual impairment; 5) Life expectancy less than one year
* Severe arthritis or orthopedic problems that limit passive ranges of motion of upper extremity (passive finger extension \< 40º; passive wrist extension \< 40º; passive elbow extension \<40º; shoulder flexion/abduction \< 80º)
* History of sustained alcoholism or drug abuse in the last six months
* Has pacemaker or other implanted device
* pregnant
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Between the ages of 40 - 85
* Had a stroke at least 12 months ago
* OR are a healthy adult who does not have a history of neurodegenerative disorders
* Have the ability to understand English

Exclusion Criteria:

* Contraindication to brain stimulation (such as a history of seizure or epilepsy)
* Contraindication to MRI (such as a pacemaker, metal in the eyes / brain or fear of enclosed spaces)
* Neurodegenerative disorder ( such as Parkinson disease, Alzheimers disease or Multiple Sclerosis)
* Contraindications to exercise
D: INCLUSION

Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.

Hemiparesis in an upper extremity.

Age 21+.

Able to communicate in English (or Spanish,Rancho Los Amigos site only).

Willing to attend outpatient therapy \& f/u evaluations for 1 yr.

Some active finger extension.

EXCLUSION

Traumatic or non-vascular brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, AV malformation.

History of psychiatric illness requiring hospitalization within past 24 mos.

Active drug treatment for dementia.

Neurologic condition that may affect motor response (e.g. Parkinson's, ALS, MS).

History of head trauma requiring \>48 hours of hospitalization within past 12 mos.

Amputation of all fingers or thumb of hemiparetic (weak) arm.

Treated with Botox in affected arm within last 3 months.

Answer: B