Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Adventitious Lung Sounds as Indicators of Severity and Recovery of Lung Pathology and Sputum Location
Brief Summary: This study aims to assess the responsiveness to change of adventitious lung sounds (ALS) in patients with lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI).

Patients will be recruited from a central Hospital and their demographic and anthropometric data, lung sounds, lung function, breathlessness, oxygen saturation and chest HRCT scan will be collected within 24h of the first appointment. Then, patients will be randomly allocated to either conventional treatment or conventional treatment plus respiratory physiotherapy. Conventional treatment will consist on daily medical treatment prescribed by the physician. Respiratory physiotherapy will involve 9 sessions (3 times a week during 2 weeks) of breathing retraining and chest clearance techniques, exercises for thoracic mobility, expansion and flexibility, cardiorespiratory exercise training and education about the disease.

It is expected that ALS will be responsive to changes in patients' lung function after treatment. It is also expected that, by including a respiratory physiotherapy component in the treatment of patients with LRTI, they will express more improvements in a shorter period of time.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients \> or = 14 years of age
* Patient meets the criteria of community acquired pneumonia
* Patient meets the criteria of healthcare-associated pneumonia

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients \<14 years of age
* Patient meets the criteria of hospital acquired pneumonia
* Known active tuberculosis or current treatment for tuberculosis
* Non-infectious pulmonary diseases
* HIV positive
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of pneumonia.
* No contraindication of physiotherapy.
* Signed written consent.
* Medical approval for inclusion.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Contraindications of physiotherapy.
* Neurological, orthopedic or heart disease.
* Prosthetic devices in lower limbs.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* 50 Years old or older
* Subject is hospitalized in an acute care facility
* Subject must exhibit at least two of the classic symptoms of pneumonia, to include:
* Respiration Rate greater than or equal to 25 respirations per minute
* New or increased cough
* Fever greater than or equal to 100.4 degrees F (38 degrees C)
* Pleuritic chest pain
* Worsening of mental or functional status
* Leukocytosis (WBC greater than 12,000 cells per cubic millimeter)
* New or increased physical findings (rales, wheezing, bronchial breath sounds)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lung abscess
* Advancing pulmonary fibrosis
* Bronchiectasis
* Pulmonary tuberculosis
* Lung Cancer
* Metastatic malignancy
* Uncontrolled metabolic bone disease that places subject at risk for pathologic bone fracture (i.e. Paget's Disease or hypoparathyroidism)
* Acute or unhealed rib or vertebral fracture
* History of pathologic bone fracture
* Previous participants as subject in the study
* Respiratory failure (intubation)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* clinical diagnosis of LRTI according to the international guidelines (i.e., presence cough and at least one of the following symptoms: sputum, dyspnoea, wheezes or chest pain)
* ≥ 18 years old
* able to provide their own informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* cognitive impairments
* inability to understand and co-operate
* bedridden or complete dependence on a wheelchair
* score \>2 in the CURB criteria
* presence of severe comorbidities (e.g., past history of pulmonary lobectomy and current history of neoplasia, tuberculosis or other infectious disease)

Answer: D