Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Efficacy of Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plan Block on Postoperative Pain After Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy Under General Anesthesia. Randomized, Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a widely employed procedure in ambulatory surgery. Pain after laparoscopic cholecystectomy arises significantly from port site incisions in the anterior abdominal wall. Innervation of the anterior abdominal wall is segmentally supplied by pain afferents in the plane of fascia between transversus abdominis and the internal oblique muscles. Opioids analgesia is used to control postoperative pain, but it carries the risk of increased nausea and vomiting, ileus and sedation that may delay hospital discharge.

Several techniques have been tried as.neuroaxial narcotics, intraperitoneal lavage of local anesthetic and transversus abdominis plan (TAP) block and successfully reduced opioid use and improve postoperative analgesia.

The ultrasound-guided erector spinae plan(ESP) block is a recently described technique which produces reliable unilateral analgesia at thoraco-lumbar dermatomes. ESP block carries the advantages of being simple, safe, easily recognizable by ultrasound, and a catheter can be threaded to extend the duration of analgesia.

Few case series reported the efficacy of (US)-guided ESP blocks in reducing postoperative pain and opioids consumption.

Because of that, the investigators aimed to test the hypothesis that US-guided ESP blocks can decrease opioid consumption during the first 24 h after of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in comparison with the conventional systemic analgesia.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Group I (Control); Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Erector Spinae Plan Block | Arm Label: Group II (ESP); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Erector Spinae Plan Block | Arm Label: Group III(OSTAP); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Oblique subcostal TAP | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Erector Spinae Plan Block; Assigned to Arm(s): Group I (Control), Group II (ESP) | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Oblique subcostal TAP; Assigned to Arm(s): Group III(OSTAP)
B: Arm Label: Erector Spinae Plane Block; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Erector Spinae Plane block, Drug: Bupivacaine Hydrochloride, Device: PCA | Arm Label: Control Group; Type: SHAM_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Sham block, Device: PCA | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Erector Spinae Plane block; Assigned to Arm(s): Erector Spinae Plane Block | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Sham block; Assigned to Arm(s): Control Group | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Bupivacaine Hydrochloride; Assigned to Arm(s): Erector Spinae Plane Block | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: PCA; Assigned to Arm(s): Control Group, Erector Spinae Plane Block
C: Arm Label: Group Dexmedetomidine; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Group Dexmedetomidine | Arm Label: Group Ropivacaine; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Group Ropivacaine | Arm Label: Group Control; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Group Control | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Group Dexmedetomidine; Assigned to Arm(s): Group Dexmedetomidine | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Group Ropivacaine; Assigned to Arm(s): Group Ropivacaine | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Group Control; Assigned to Arm(s): Group Control
D: Arm Label: Erector Spinae Plane Block; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Erector Spinae Plane Block | Arm Label: Deep and Superficial Serratus Anterior Plane Block; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Deep and Superficial Serratus Anterior Plane Block | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Erector Spinae Plane Block; Assigned to Arm(s): Erector Spinae Plane Block | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Deep and Superficial Serratus Anterior Plane Block; Assigned to Arm(s): Deep and Superficial Serratus Anterior Plane Block

Answer: A