Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Sinovuyo Caring Families Project
Brief Summary: It has been established that children in families affected by either intimate partner violence or Human Immunodeficiency Virus/Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) are at substantially increased risk of poor parenting and child maltreatment. In the sub-Saharan African context of high levels of HIV/AIDS and family violence, it is crucial that parents be supported to establish positive parenting practices and reduce harsh or abusive parenting within their families.This randomized controlled trial will be testing the Sinovuyo Caring Families Program (n = 296), a 12-session (2.5 hour per session) parenting intervention for primary caregivers of children between 2 and 9 years old. Participants will not be restricted to biological parents and include primary caregivers of children between 2 and 9 years old, who live in the same house as the child at least 4 nights per week. Participants will be recruited through systematic household sampling, liaising with Western Cape Department of Social Development and local community-based NGOs. Self-reporting questionnaires and qualitative observational assessment data for intervention and control groups will be collected at pre- and post-test evaluation as well as 12-month follow-up. Primary outcomes will include child behaviour problems, harsh and inconsistent parenting and positive parenting. Secondary outcomes will include parental depression, parental stress, parental monitoring and supervision and parent perceived social support.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. ability to understand spoken Urdu
2. pregnant, ≤22 weeks' gestation
3. age ≥18 years
4. residence ≤20 km of Holy Family Hospital
5. intent to reside in the study areas until the completion of the study
6. score ≥8 for anxiety on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Current major a depressive episode (MDE on SCID) or life-threatening health conditions including e.g. active severe depression or suicidal ideation
2. Self-report of past or current significant learning disability
3. Self-report of past or current psychiatric disorder (e.g. bipolar disorder or schizophrenia) or psychiatric care (e.g. current use of anxiolytic drug and/or other psychotropic drug)
4. medical disorders or severe maternal morbidity that require inpatient management that would preclude participation (101)
5. ICU admission indicated by diagnosis (not only for assessment)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults of 18 years or above
* Syrian under temporary protection status
* Arabic-speaking
* Elevated levels of psychological distress (K10 \>15) and reduced psychosocial functioning (WHODAS 2.0 \>16)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Acute medical conditions
* Imminent suicide risk or expressed acute needs/protection risks (e.g., a young woman who expresses that she is at acute risk of being assaulted or killed)
* Severe mental disorder (psychotic disorders, substance-dependence)
* Severe cognitive impairment (e.g., severe intellectual disability or dementia)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Community-dwelling residents registered to the selected village, and thus also registered patients of the village's PCP.
* Age ≥ 60 years, the typical retirement age in rural China.
* Clinically significant depression defined as baseline PHQ-9 score ≥ 10.
* Diagnosis of hypertension
* Intact cognitive functioning (6-Item Screener score \<3) to assure ability to participate with the treatment team in management of their conditions.
* Capable of independent communication
* Capacity to give informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Incapable (no capacity) of giving verbal consent to this study.
* Acute high suicide risk at baseline assessment. Patients assessed to be dangerously suicidal at later assessments will be discontinued from the study, their providers notified, and their safety guaranteed.
* Psychosis, alcoholism. We exclude patients with psychosis or active alcoholism in the past 6 months.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Caregiver must live with child at least 4 nights per week
* Child must be between 2 and 9 years old Live in Khayelitsha or Nyanga
* May include biological parents, relatives or non-kin foster caregivers, with no restrictions on biological relationship
* Participant must self-identify as the primary caretaker of the child
* Children scoring 15 or higher in the Eyberg Child Behaviour Inventory problem scale

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children scoring 14 or lower in the Eyber Child Behaviour Inventory problem scale
* Participants with child not between 2 and 9 years old
* Participants not self-identifying as the primary care take of the child
* Participants not living with the child at least 4 nights per week.

Answer: D