Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: The accumulation of p-cresol, a product of the metabolism of aromatic aminoacid operated by resident intestinal bacteria increases the cardiovascular risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Therefore, therapeutic strategies to reduce plasma p-cresol levels are highly demanded. It has been reported that the phosphate binder sevelamer sequesters p-cresol in vitro, while in vivo studies on dialysis patients showed controversial results. Aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of sevelamer on p-cresol levels in CKD patients.


Options:
A: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: calcium acetate, Drug: atorvastatin | Arm Label: 2; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: sevelamer, Drug: atorvastatin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: calcium acetate; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: sevelamer; Assigned to Arm(s): 2 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: atorvastatin; Assigned to Arm(s): 1, 2
B: Arm Label: 900 mg Phosphate Diet-LC; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Lanthanum Carbonate, Other: 900 mg Phosphate Diet | Arm Label: Ad Libitum Diet-LC; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Lanthanum Carbonate, Other: Ad Libitum Diet | Arm Label: 900 mg Phosphate Diet-LC Placebo; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: 900 mg Phosphate Diet, Drug: LC Placebo | Arm Label: Ad Libitum Diet-LC Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: LC Placebo, Other: Ad Libitum Diet | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Lanthanum Carbonate; Assigned to Arm(s): 900 mg Phosphate Diet-LC, Ad Libitum Diet-LC | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: 900 mg Phosphate Diet; Assigned to Arm(s): 900 mg Phosphate Diet-LC, 900 mg Phosphate Diet-LC Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: LC Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): 900 mg Phosphate Diet-LC Placebo, Ad Libitum Diet-LC Placebo | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Ad Libitum Diet; Assigned to Arm(s): Ad Libitum Diet-LC, Ad Libitum Diet-LC Placebo
C: Arm Label: Sevelamer; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Sevelamer | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Sevelamer; Assigned to Arm(s): Sevelamer | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
D: Arm Label: ESRD: FOSTRAP Chewing Gum; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: FOSTRAP Chewing Gum | Arm Label: CKD: FOSTRAP Chewing Gum; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: FOSTRAP Chewing Gum | Arm Label: ESRD Matching Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Placebo chewing gum | Arm Label: CKD Matching Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Placebo chewing gum | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: FOSTRAP Chewing Gum; Assigned to Arm(s): ESRD: FOSTRAP Chewing Gum | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: FOSTRAP Chewing Gum; Assigned to Arm(s): ESRD: FOSTRAP Chewing Gum | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: FOSTRAP Chewing Gum; Assigned to Arm(s): CKD: FOSTRAP Chewing Gum | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: FOSTRAP Chewing Gum; Assigned to Arm(s): ESRD: FOSTRAP Chewing Gum | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Placebo chewing gum; Assigned to Arm(s): CKD Matching Placebo, ESRD Matching Placebo

Answer: C