Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Telemonitoring Versus Usual Care in a High Risk Elderly Population.
Brief Summary: Background: Older adults with multiple chronic illnesses are at risk for worsening functional and medical status with ensuing hospitalization. One goal of medical care is to prevent this decline. One method that may help slow this functional and medical decline is home telemonitoring.

Specific aim: To determine the effectiveness of home telemonitoring compared to usual care in reducing combined outcomes of hospitalization and emergency room visits in an at risk population over 60 years of age.

Materials and Methods: This will be a randomized trial of 200 patients into one of two interventions. Home telemonitoring involves the use of a computer device at home which records biometric and symptom data from patients. This information is monitored by mid level providers associated with the primary care medical practice. Usual care involves patients who make appointments with their providers as problems arise and utilize ongoing support like a 24 hours nurse line. The study participants are adults over 60 years of age within the highest 10% on elderly risk assessment (ERA) scores. Patients will have initial evaluations of gait, quality of life (SF12), Kokmen test of mental status, and PHQ 9. Patients will be followed for 1 year for primary outcomes of hospitalizations and emergency room visits. Secondary analysis will include quality of life, compliance with the device and attitudes about telemonitoring. Sample size is based upon an 80% power to detect a 36% difference between the groups. The primary analysis will involve Cox proportional time to event analysis comparing both interventions for telemonitoring or usual care. Secondary analysis will use T-test comparisons for continuous variables (quality of life, attitudes) and chi square for proportional analysis.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* medical patients discharged to home or skilled nursing facility between October 1, 2011 and June 30, 2013
* Cambridge Health Alliance PCP at time of discharge
* at least one of four risk factors for readmission: discharge diagnosis of CHF or COPD; length of stay \>3 days; age \>60; or previous hospitalization within the past 6 months
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diabetes mellitus
* Elevated depressive symptoms (regarding to CES-D)
* Age \>= 18 and \<=70
* Sufficient German language skills
* Informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current MDD
* Current schizophrenia/ psychotic disorder, eating disorder, bipolar disorder, addictive disorder, personality disorder
* Current antidepressive medication
* Current psychotherapy
* Severe physical illness (i.e. cancer)
* Being bedridden
* Guardianship
C: Inclusion:

1. at least 60 years of age;
2. have an Elder Risk Assessment (ERA) Index score of 16 or greater;
3. Are able to participate fully in all aspects of the study;
4. Have been provided with, understand, and have signed the informed consent;

Exclusion:

1. patients who are currently residing in a nursing home
2. patients with a clinical diagnosis of dementia
3. patients with a score of ≤29 on the Kokmen short test of mental status
4. patients for whom we cannot obtain informed consent.
5. patient under the age of 60 will also be excluded from participating.
6. patients who have not granted Universal Research Authorization to use medical records.
7. patients will also be excluded if the subject would not be able to use the interventional machine
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* 80 years and older or 65 to 79 years and having at least one chronic disease and being dependent in at least one activity of daily living

Exclusion Criteria:

* acute severely sick who immediately needs the assessment of a physician (within ten minutes)
* those with diagnosis of dementia (or severe cognitive impairment)
* patients in palliative care

Answer: C