Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Antihypertensive Treatment of Acute Cerebral Hemorrhage (ATACH)-II: A Phase III Randomized Multicenter Clinical Trial of Blood Pressure Reduction for Hypertension in Acute Intracerebral Hemorrhage
Brief Summary: The specific aims of this study are to:

1. Definitively determine the therapeutic benefit of the intensive treatment relative to the standard treatment in the proportion of patients with death and disability (mRS 4-6) at 3 months among subjects with ICH who are treated within 4.5 hours of symptom onset.
2. Evaluate the therapeutic benefit of the intensive treatment relative to the standard treatment in the subjects' quality of life as measured by EuroQol at 3 months.
3. Evaluate the therapeutic benefit of the intensive treatment relative to the standard treatment in the proportion of hematoma expansion (defined as increase from baseline hematoma volume of at least 33%) and in the change from baseline peri-hematoma volume at 24 hours on the serial computed tomographic (CT) scans.
4. Assess the safety of the intensive treatment relative to the standard treatment in the proportion of subjects with treatment-related serious adverse events (SAEs) within 72 hours.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Participants include those with essential hypertension and history of stroke who satisfy the following criteria:

* Outpatient
* Onset of stroke(cerebral infarction/cerebral hemorrhage) occurred between 30 days and 3 years prior to the date of consent.
* Drug adherence is ≧80% during the screening period.
* Mean of 2 baseline BP measurements(measured at outpatient clinic) within 30 days prior to the date of consent is either 180 \>SBP ≧130 mmHg or 110 \>DBP ≧80 mmHg (untreated -3 anti hypertensive agents patients).
* Cerebral infarction with severity 3 or less in the modified Rankin scale.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patient who meets any one of the following criteria is excluded from the study.

* Women who are pregnant, are possible pregnant, or are breastfeeding
* Possible secondary hypertension
* Severe hypertension (grade III or greater) with baseline SBP ≧180 mmHg or DBP ≧110 mmHg)
* Myocardial infarction or undergoing angioplasty occurred within 3 months prior to the screening.
* Current or previous heart failure with NYHA classification class III or more, or EF less than 35%
* Severe bilateral carotid stenosis or major cerebral artery occlusion
* Severe paralysis due to stroke (modified Rankin scale ≧ 4 )
* Current renal dysfunction (serum Cr ≧ 2.0 mg/dL right before the date of consent)
* Current hepatic dysfunction with AST or ALT value ≧ 100 IU/mL right before the date of consent
* Refractory hypertension treated with four or more antihypertensive drugs
* Hypersensitivity or allergy to losartan and other angiotensin II receptor blockers, hydrochlorothiazide, amlodipine or sulfonamide derivative
* Major surgery planned during the study period
* Participants of other clinical studies within the last 30 days
* Current malignancy (previous malignancy within 5 years after the end of treatment) excluding squamous-cell skin cancer
* Previous and current subarachnoid hemorrhage
* Definitive dementia 12) (based on a clinical diagnosis)
* Patients who have difficulty in signing consent or who do not agree to the provided consent
* Patients who are judged to be unsuitable for participating the study by the primary investigator or sub-investigator.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* written informed consent to the study
* age \>= 55 years at randomization. There is no upper age limit
* systolic blood pressure \>= 150 mmHg in 2 visits at distance of 7-14 days, irrespective of diastolic pressure. Duration of treatment before visit 1 must be at least 12 weeks
* at least one additional risk factor including the following:
* current cigarette smoking
* total cholesterol \>= 20 mmg/dl, or High Density Lipoproteins (HDL) \< 40 mg/dl, or Low Density Lipoproteins (LDL) cholesterol \>= 130 mg/dl
* family history of cardiovascular disease in male first degree relative \< 55 years or female first degree relative \< 65 years
* previous TIA or stroke
* previous coronary artery disease
* history of peripheral occlusive arterial disease (claudication intermittens associated with angiographic or echographic evidence of \> 60% stenosis)

Exclusion Criteria:

* diabetes (fasting glucose \> 125 mg/dl in two samples or ongoing diabetic treatment)
* renal failure, defined by a serum creatinine \> 2.0 mg/dl
* chronic atrial fibrillation or flutter
* clinically significant hepatic or hematological disorders, alcoholism, drug addiction
* causes precluding ECG interpretation for LVH: complete right or left bundle block, Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, previous Q-wave myocardial infarction
* any disease causing reduced life expectancy
* unwilling to participate
* significant (more than traces of) valvular heart disease
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 years or older
* IV nicardipine can be initiated within 4.5 hours of symptom onset.
* Clinical signs consistent with the diagnosis of stroke, including impairment of language, motor function, cognition, and/or gaze, vision, or neglect.
* Total Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score (aggregate of verbal, eye, and motor response scores) of 5 or greater at time of emergency department (ED) arrival.
* International normalized ratio (INR) value \< 1.5
* CT scan demonstrates intraparenchymal hematoma with manual hematoma volume measurement \<60 cc.
* For subjects randomized prior to IV antihypertensive administration: SBP greater than 180 mmHg\* prior to IV antihypertensive treatment (this includes pre-hospital treatment) AND WITHOUT spontaneous SBP reduction to below 180 mmHg at the time of randomization OR
* For subjects randomized after IV antihypertensive administration: SBP greater than 180 mmHg\* prior to IV antihypertensive treatment (this includes pre-hospital treatment) AND WITHOUT SBP reduction to below 140 mmHg at the time of randomization.
* Informed consent obtained by subject, legally authorized representative, or next of kin.

  * Notes: The unit "mmHg" stands for "millimeters of mercury", a standard way of measuring blood pressure. Patients with SBP \< 180 mmHg should be monitored for 4.5 hours from symptom onset as their SBP may rise to eligible levels before the eligibility window closes.

Exclusion Criteria:

* ICH is due to previously known neoplasms, arteriovenous malformation (AVM), or aneurysms.
* Intracerebral hematoma considered to be related to trauma.
* ICH located in infratentorial regions such as pons or cerebellum.
* Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) associated with intraparenchymal hemorrhage and blood completely fills one lateral ventricle or more than half of both ventricles.
* Patient to receive immediate surgical evacuation.
* Current pregnancy, or parturition within previous 30 days, or active lactation.
* Use of dabigatran within the last 48 hours\*\*.
* A platelet count less than 50,000 per microliter (µL or mm3)
* Known sensitivity to nicardipine.
* Pre-morbid disability requiring assistance in ambulation or activities of daily living.
* Subject's living will precludes aggressive ICU management.
* Subject is currently participating in another interventional clinical trial

  * Use of dabigatran was clarified through investigator presentations, educational materials, and clinical tools to include newer similar class medications (such as rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban) that were being developed and in various stages of approval across enrolling countries through the course of this trial, in the event that patients using these medications may have been encountered during screening.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. At least ≥50 years old, and
2. Systolic blood pressure (SBP): (having documentation of SBP to meet the criteria below on 2 consecutive visits)

   * SBP: 130-180 mmHg on 0 or 1 medication
   * SBP: 130-170 mmHg on up to 2 medications
   * SBP: 130-160 mmHg on up to 3 medications
   * SBP: 130-150 mmHg on up to 4 medications, and
3. Prior vascular disease or at high vascular risk

   1. Previous myocardial infarction (MI), percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), at least a 50% diameter stenosis of a coronary, chest pain with objective evidence of myocardial ischemia (load electrocardiogram or load image examination indicated myocardial ischemia)
   2. Previous stroke
   3. Carotid endarterectomy (CE), or carotid stenting
   4. Peripheral artery disease (PAD) with revascularization
   5. Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) ≥5 cm with repair
   6. Combine with no less than two risk factors below

      * ≥60 years old male or ≥65 years old female
      * Diabetes
      * Dyslipidemia (total cholesterol \>200 mg/dL \[5.2 mmol/L\] or LDL-C \>130 mg/dL \[3.4 mmol/L\] or HDL-C \< 40 mg/dL \[1.0 mmol/L\])
      * Current smoking (smoke more than a cigarette every day in the past 12 months)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Known secondary cause of hypertension
2. An indication for a specific BP lowering medication that the participant is not taking and the participant has not been documented to be intolerant of the medication class
3. One minute standing SBP \<110 mmHg (not applicable if unable to stand)
4. Arm circumference too large or small to allow accurate blood pressure measurement with available devices
5. Proteinuria defined as urine dipstick ≥2+ protein at screening
6. Glomerulonephritis treated with or likely to be treated with immunosuppressive therapy
7. eGFR \<45 ml/min /1.73m2 or end-stage renal disease (ESRD)
8. Previous MI, stroke, or hospitalization for angina, PCI, CABG, CE or carotid stenting, PAD with revascularization, AAA≥5 cm with repair within last 3 months
9. Symptomatic heart failure within the past 6 months or documented left ventricular ejection fraction (by any method) \<35%
10. PCI or CABG planned for the next 6 months
11. A medical condition likely to limit survival to less than 3 years, or a cancer (other than non-melanoma skin cancer) diagnosed and treated within the past two years that, in the judgment of local clinical investigators, would compromise a participant's ability to comply with the protocol and complete the trial
12. Any organ transplant
13. Pregnancy, breast-feeding, or of child-bearing potential and not using adequate contraception
14. Any factors judged by local clinic investigators to be likely to limit adherence to interventions. For example,

    1. Active alcohol or substance abuse within the last 12 months
    2. Plans to move to another place to live for a long time
    3. Clinical diagnosis of dementia or mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
15. Currently participation in a clinical trial with an unlicensed drug or device
16. Living in the same household as an already randomized participant

Answer: C