Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of Vitamin D and Exercise in Preventing Falls of Elderly Women
Brief Summary: The aim of the study is to investigate the effects of exercise and vitamin D supplementation on reducing falls and injuries in community-dwelling, independent-living women aged 70-79 years of age. The investigators will test the following hypothesis:

1. Exercise including strength, balance and mobility training will improve muscle functioning and body balance, and thus reduce falls by 30% compared with non-exercisers.
2. Vitamin D intake will improve muscle functioning and thus prevent falls by 30% compared with placebo.
3. Together vitamin D and exercise have a stronger influence on fall prevention than either used alone.
4. Training improves mobility functions and bone health.
5. Supervised training twice a week with daily home training will improve physical functioning thus resulting in reduced fear of falling.
6. Reduced fear of falling and improved physical functioning help older people to stay physically active, which further improve their quality of life.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Target group are community-dwelling senior citizens aged 65 years or above with an increased risk of falling.
* Increased risk of falling are seen by:

  * history of falls
  * fear of falling
  * chair rise \> 10 sec./TUG \> 10 sec./ subjective \& objective balance deficits

Exclusion Criteria:

* Elderly people not living independently or suffering from physical or mental restrictions that do not allow the participation in an exercise program or the assessment of risk of falling
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* female
* age 70-80 years old
* lives at home independently
* has fallen at least once during the previous year
* no contraindication to exercise
* understands the procedures of the study
* has been informed of X-ray radiation doses of the DXA and pQCT investigations

Exclusion Criteria:

* moderate-to-vigorous exercise more than 2 hours per week
* regular use of vitamin D, or calcium + vitamin D supplements
* a recent fracture (during preceding 12 months)
* contraindication or inability to participate in the exercise program
* marked decline in the basic activities of daily living (ADL-test)
* cognitive impairments (Mini Mental State Examination, MMSE-test \< 18)
* persons with chronic disease conditions, such as Parkinson's disease
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* 65 years old or older
* Having been treated in emergency department or submitted to hospital after a fall
* Living in the Glostrup area.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Fall due to strong external force, new apoplexia cerebri, epileptic seizure, alcohol intoxication.
* Known cognitive impairment
* Not able to walk prior to fall
* Living in institution
* Planned geriatric intervention.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Must be English speaking
* 75 years of age and over
* Newly referred to and eligible for personal support services
* Living at home in the community
* Identified as being at risk for falls

Exclusion Criteria:

* Refusal to give informed consent
* Unable to read/write English and a translator is not available

Answer: B