Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Postoperative Blood Transfusion for Frail Elderly With Hip Fracture - a Clinical Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Elderly with hip fractures are often frail and discharged from hospital after few days of hospitalisation. Hip fracture surgery is often associated with blood loss, where the patient is at risk of developing anaemia. Low haemoglobin level reduces the body's oxygen transport which causes impaired functional ability and strain on vital organs. Acute anaemia is worse tolerated in elderly, than in younger patients. Therefore this study aims to investigate whether there are effects of an expanded indication for blood transfusion in the frail elderly.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinical diagnosis of hip fracture
* Surgery treatment
* Living in nursing homes or sheltered housing facilities
* Haemoglobin level between 6 and 7 mmol/l latest 6th day after surgery
* Written consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active cancer
* Pathological fracture
* The patient is against blood transfusion
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults patients with cancer admitted to ICU due to severe clinical condition AND
* Septic shock diagnosis AND
* Solid neoplasm AND
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age less than 18 years OR
* Leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome OR
* Hematologic neoplasm OR
* Palliative treatment OR
* Renal Chronic Failure in Renal Replacement Therapy OR
* Karnofsky Status \< 50 OR
* Previous thrombocytopenia (platelet number lower than 50.000/mm3) OR
* Previous known coagulopathy OR
* Life-threatening bleeding OR
* Documented wish against transfusion OR
* Patients who refused participation in the study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hospitalized patients with hemoglobin level less than 100 g/L who present with an ST-segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI), or Non-ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI);
* Rise in cardiac biomarker values with at least one value above the 99th percentile (preferably cardiac troponin cTn )
* Presence of one of the following:

  * symptoms of ischemia;
  * new/presumed new ST segment-T wave (ST-T) changes or new left bundle branch (LBBB);
  * development of pathological Q waves;
  * imaging evidence of new loss of viable myocardium or new regional wall motion abnormality;
  * identification of an intracoronary thrombus by angiography

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with uncontrolled acute bleeding at the time of randomization defined as the need for uncrossed or non-type specific blood;
* Patients who decline blood transfusion;
* Patients who have a planned cardiac surgery or immediate post-cardiac surgery;Patients who have been deemed palliative by their treatment team (no commitment to aggressive on-going care);
* If known that follow-up will not be possible at 30 days;
* Previous participation in the MINT Trial.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients ≥ 70 years of age scheduled for intermediate- or high-risk non-cardiac surgery will be registered
* Registered patients will be randomised only if they indeed develop severe anaemia (if Hb level falls ≤ 9 g/dl) during surgery (=day 0) or day 1, 2, or 3 after surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

* preoperative Hb level ≤ 9 g/dl
* chronic kidney disease requiring dialysis
* suspected lack of compliance with follow-up procedures
* participation in other interventional trials
* expected death within 3 months
* inability to provide informed consent with absence of a legally authorised representative/ legal guardian
* temporary inability to provide informed consent
* previous participation in our trial
* patients who are prevented from having blood and blood products according to a system of beliefs (e.g. Jehovah's Witnesses)
* preoperative autologous blood donation.

Answer: A