Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Gabapentin - A Solution to Uremic Pruritus? A Prospective, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Double-blind Study
Brief Summary: To investigate using the drug gabapentin to relieve the intense pruritic sensation associated with chronic renal failure patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult Chinese male and female patients aged \> 18 undergoing CAPD for at least 3 months and able to read and understand Chinese
* Patients experiencing moderate to severe pruritis, defined as persistent, treatment-resistant pruritis considerably impairing sleep or daytime activity. Treatment resistance is defined as no or only partial resolvement of pruritis under current anti-pruritis treatment regimens such as anti-pruritis lotions and anti-histamines.
* Patients in stable clinical condition in terms of peritoneal dialysis and general health
* Patients able to understand and answer the SDS questionnaire
* Patients able to express the sensation of itchiness in the terms of the VAS and the SDS score
* Patients who are willing to give written informed consent and to participate in and comply with the study protocol

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a known history of pruritis or dermatologic disease antedating renal failure.
* Patients with skin disease other than the usual cutaneous findings of uraemia such as xerosis or ecchymosis.
* Patients under current treatment with systemic steroids
* Known history of allergy to Gabapentin
* Those patients already put on anti-convulsants
* Unable to give written informed consent for the study
* Pregnancy or female patients of child-bearing age who are unwilling to use contraception
* Poor drug compliance
* Known HIV positivity
* Active neoplastic disease
* Those who do not want to participate the study
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* On stable hemodialysis for at least 3 months
* Has stable functioning arteriovenous fistula, graft or other venous access
* Has continued (uncontrolled) uremic pruritus despite standard of care in the institution
* Has severe pruritus, as determined by a qualifying score of ≥3 on the Itch Severity Score Scale (0 to 4) either day or night during the week prior to Screening Visit
* Has no known drug addiction to any prescription, nonprescription, herbal or natural drugs, and successfully passes a drug screen test
* Women and men whose partners are of childbearing potential agree to practice the medically acceptable methods of birth control and agree to continue with the regimen throughout the duration of the study
* Capable of understanding and responding to the subject questionnaires, understands the purpose and risks of the study, and has given written informed consent
* Has rated his/her NRS score each day for at least 5 days out of the 7 days of the Run-in Phase
* Has severe pruritus, as determined by qualifying mean worst NRS score in a day of ≥5 (on 11 point NRS) at the end of the 1-week Run-in Phase

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current, clinically significant medical comorbidities
* Abnormal liver dysfunction
* Pruritus attributed mainly to any disease unrelated to kidney disease
* Calcium x phosphorus product \>80 mg2/dL2 or hemoglobin \<7 g/dL or parathyroid hormone levels \>1000 pg/mL at Screening
* Received ultraviolet B treatment within 30 days prior to Screening
* Started or changed psychotropic medication within 14 days prior to Screening
* Is receiving opioid antagonists or opioid agonists within 7 days prior to Screening and not willing to abstain from these medications during the study.
* Started or changed medications, creams or emollients including over-the-counter oil bath treatment for relief of pruritus within 7 days prior to Screening
* Has known hypersensitivity to opioids or the study drug ingredients
* Is currently participating in an investigational drug or device clinical study or was participating in such a study within 30 days prior to the start of Screening
* Female subject who is known to be pregnant or nursing
* Is considered not suitable for inclusion in the study in the opinion of Investigator
* Has current suicidal ideation with some intent to act or with specific plan and intent or had suicidal behavior at any time in subject's life
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients who have end-stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis more than twice weekly for at least three months and suffered from uremic pruritus.
* 20 Years and older
* Definition of uremic pruritus:

Patients were considered to have pruritus if they had either of the following conditions:

* at least 3 episodes of itch during a period of 2 weeks or less, with the symptom appearing a few times a day, lasting at least a few minutes, and troubling the patient
* he appearance of an itch in a regular pattern during a period of 6 months, but less frequently than listed above.

To be defined as "uremic," the pruritus had to appear shortly before the onset of dialysis, or at any time after that, without evidence of any other active disease that could explain the pruritus.

-Patients who suffer from severe pruritus unresponsive to topical emollient and corticosteroids, and were diagnosed as having uremic pruritus by dermatologists

Exclusion Criteria:

1. All patients with pruritus attributable to any other causes, such as scabies or other evident skin diseases (atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, generalized dermatitis, pediculosis, urticaria ...etc), and any medication with potential pruritic properties.
2. Patients whose pruritus occurred only during dialysis
3. Patients received oral drugs with presumed antipruritic effect, including benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, opioid analgesics, tricyclic antidepressants and antiepileptic drugs, or ultraviolet B phototherapy in the past one week prior to participate in this trial or during the trial.
4. Concomitant elevation of liver enzymes (GOT: male \>37 U/L, female:\>31 U/L, GPT: male \>41 U/L, female:\>31U/L), alkaline phosphatase (ALP\>104U/L), bilirubin (T-bil\>1.2 mg/dL), serum phosphorus (\>7 mg/dl), serum parathyroid hormone (\>300 pg/ml).
5. Patients who have the history of allergy to pregabalin, any acute illness, liver cirrhosis, hepatic failure, decompensated heart failure, inability to give informed consent, or poor compliance.
6. Patients with uncontrolled psychiatric disease, active malignancy, and untreated hypothyroidism.
7. Female patients who are pregnant, are nursing, or want to become pregnant.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hemodialysis for more than 3 months
* More than 18 years old
* Pruritus

Exclusion Criteria:

* Use other treatment for pruritus

Answer: A