Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Immunogenicity of the Human Rotavirus Vaccine (Rotarix™) at Varying Schedules, Doses, and Ages in Rural Ghana
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether giving the Human Rotavirus Vaccine on alternate dosing schedules will enhance the immune response to the vaccine in a low-resource, high-burden country in Africa. Alternate dosing schedules studied include giving the 2-dose vaccine schedule at a slightly older age and giving an additional dose of the vaccine.


Options:
A: Inclusion criteria:

* Healthy infants 6 -14 weeks of age at the time of the first study vaccination with birth weight \> 2000g whose parent/guardian sign a written informed consent and whose parents/guardians can and will comply with the requirements of the protocol (e.g., completion of the diary cards, return for follow-up visits).

Exclusion criteria:

* Use of any investigational or non-registered product (drug or vaccine) other than the study vaccine(s) within 30 days preceding the first dose of study vaccine, or planned use during the study period.
* Planned administration of a vaccine not foreseen by the study protocol within 14 days before each dose of study vaccine(s) and ending 14 days after.
* Chronic administration (defined as more than 14 days) of immunosuppressants since birth. (Topical steroids are allowed.)
* History of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Hib disease and/ or hepatitis B disease (in all subjects). Only for subjects in Spain: history of meningococcal group C disease. Only for subjects in France and Germany: history of disease caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.
* History of use of experimental rotavirus vaccine.
* Previous vaccination against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b (in all subjects). Only for subjects in Spain: previous vaccination against meningococcal group C. Only for subjects in France and Germany: previous vaccination against Streptococcus pneumoniae.
* Any clinically significant history of chronic gastrointestinal disease including any uncorrected congenital malformation of the GI tract, IS or other medical condition determined to be serious by the investigator.
* Any confirmed or suspected immunosuppressive or immunodeficient condition based on medical history and physical examination (no laboratory testing is required).
* History of allergic disease or reaction likely to be exacerbated by any component of the vaccine.
* Acute disease at the time of enrolment. (Acute disease is defined as the presence of a moderate or severe illness with or without fever. All vaccines can be administered to persons with a minor illness such as mild upper respiratory infection with or without low-grade febrile illness, i.e. Oral temperature \<37.5°C (99.5°F) / Axillary temperature \<37.5°C (99.5°F) / Rectal temperature \<38°C (100.4°F).)
* Gastroenteritis within 7 days preceding the first study vaccine administration (warrants deferral of the vaccination).
* A family history of congenital or hereditary immunodeficiency.
* Administration of immunoglobulins and/or blood products since birth or planned administration during the study period.
* History of any neurologic disorders or seizures.
* Acute or chronic, clinically significant pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatic or renal functional abnormality, as determined by physical examination or laboratory screening tests.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy infants of 6 weeks of age (±2 days).
* Study families reside within the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) area, service area of the ICDDR,B.
* Family able to understand and comply with planned study procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

* Family residence outside the ICDDR,B HDSS service area, or families expecting to move away during the study period, will be excluded.
* A diagnosis or suspicion of immunodeficiency disorder (either in the infant or in a member of the immediate family).
* A diagnosis or suspicion of bleeding disorder that would contraindicate venipuncture.
* Acute diarrhea, infection or illness at the time of the first visit (6 weeks of age) that would require infant's admission to a hospital or would contraindicate provision of OPV per country guidelines.
* Acute vomiting and intolerance to liquids within 24 hours before the first visit (6 weeks of age).
* Receipt of OPV or IPV at any time before enrollment based upon mother's recall or immunization card if available.
* Because of contact transmission of vaccine poliovirus strains, newborns from multiple births will be excluded from the study to prevent transmission of vaccine strains received during routine immunization from the twin to the study participant.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Between 42 and 55 days of age at the time of enrollment.
* Healthy infant free of chronic or serious medical condition as determined by history and physical examination at the time of study enrollment.
* Parents/guardians of each subject are able to understand and follow study procedures and agree to participate in the study by providing parental/guardian permission.

Exclusion Criteria:

* If child has previously had intussusception or abdominal surgery.
* Use of any immunosuppressive drugs or immunoglobulin and/or blood product use since birth or anticipated during study period.
* Current enrollment in any other intervention trial or use of any investigational drug or vaccine throughout the study period.
* Birthweight less than 2000 grams or gestation \< 36 weeks, if this information is available.
* Any subject who reports plan to leave the study area before the completion of the study (i.e., relocation, migration, etc.).
* Another child living in the same compound is already enrolled in the trial (i.e., only one participant can be enrolled per compound).
* After the rotavirus vaccine is introduced into the routine EPI system in Navrongo: Another child in the compound is less than 16 weeks of age.
* The child has received rotavirus vaccine outside of this study.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* At least 9 months of age through 11 months of age (has not yet reached 1st birthday) at the time of administration of study vaccines.
* Residence in the study area.
* At least one parent or guardian who is at least 18 years of age and is willing to provide written informed consent.
* Generally healthy and free of obvious health problems as established by medical history including physical examination and clinical judgment of the investigator.
* A child who is fully vaccinated according to the local EPI schedule (exclusive of oral polio vaccine birth dose).
* A parent or guardian is willing to attend all planned study visits or allow home visits and mobile phone contacts, as required by the protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous receipt any measles-containing vaccine.
* Previous receipt of any yellow fever vaccine.
* Previous receipt of any meningitis vaccine.
* Receipt of rotavirus vaccine within the past 90 days.
* Administration of any other vaccine within 8 weeks prior to administration of study vaccines or planned vaccination during the 4 weeks after study vaccination.
* History of allergic disease or known hypersensitivity to any component of the study vaccines and/or following administration of vaccines included in the local program of immunization
* Use of any investigational or non-registered drug within 90 days prior to the administration of study vaccines.
* Administration of immunoglobulins and/or any blood products within 90 days prior to the administration of study vaccines or planned administration during the vaccine period.
* Chronic administration (defined as more than 14 days) of immunosuppressants or other immune-modifying agents since birth (including systemic corticosteroids, this means prednisone, or equivalent, ≥0.5 mg/kg/day; topical steroids including inhaled steroids are allowed).
* A family history of congenital or hereditary immunodeficiency.
* History of intussusception.
* Uncorrected congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract that would predispose for intussusception.
* Acute or chronic, clinically significant pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatic, or renal functional abnormality, as determined by medical history or physical examination, which in the opinion of the investigator, might interfere with the study objectives.
* Acute illness at the time of enrollment (acute disease is defined as the presence of a moderate or severe illness with fever \[axillary temperature ≥38°C\] or without fever \[severity determined at the discretion of the investigator\]. Acute illness is a temporary exclusion.
* Any condition or criterion that in the opinion of the investigator might compromise the well-being of the subject or the compliance with study procedures or interfere with the outcome of the study.

Answer: C