Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Addressing Vertebral Osteoporosis Incidentally Detected to Prevent Future Fractures: The AVOID FRACTURE Study
Brief Summary: Osteoporosis is a common and progressive condition that leads to broken bones (fractures), which cause pain, disability, deformity, and even death. There are new treatments available that can decrease the risk of a fracture by 50%, and the people who benefit the most are those with osteoporosis who have already had a fracture, like a vertebral (spine) fracture. Vertebral fractures are usually "silent," and \~20% of people over the age of 60 years have had one although they don't know it. Many of these people have had chest x-rays done for other reasons, and these x-rays can incidentally detect these silent fractures. Although most people with a vertebral fracture should be tested and treated for osteoporosis, studies demonstrate that less than one-quarter of older people with a vertebral fracture are ever investigated or even treated. This reflects a gap between evidence-based best practice and everyday practice in the community. The proposed research addresses this care-gap by using a quality improvement intervention that uses chest x-rays done in the Emergency Department to remind family physicians about osteoporosis while providing them with evidence-based treatment guidelines - with or without educating and empowering patients about osteoporosis. The effectiveness of this intervention will be compared to usual care in a controlled trial. The intent of this research is to improve quality of care for patients at high risk of fracture, by increasing rates of testing and treatment of osteoporosis.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* All GPs using at least 5 INR POCT analysis during baseline period (january-april 2010)

Exclusion Criteria:

* GPs stopping during study period.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* age 60 years or greater
* chest radiograph that reports the presence of a vertebral fracture
* discharged home.

Exclusion Criteria:

* unable to provide simple informed consent or unwilling to participate in the study
* unable to read, understand, and converse in English
* admitted to hospital
* currently enrolled in the pilot study or other osteoporosis-related studies
* currently taking any prescription osteoporosis treatment
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with HF or IHD who are not currently taking the study medications of interest (ACE inhibitors/angiotensin receptor blockers for HF or statins for IHD) and whose primary care physicians are part of the study population

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who are unable or unwilling to give informed consent,
* previously taken the study medications according to dispensing records
* allergy or intolerance to study medications
* residents of long-term care facilities
* unable to confirm a diagnosis of either HF or IHD
* primary care physician has already contributed 5 patients to the study
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Not up to date on CRCS
* Continuously enrolled in Group Health Cooperative (GHC) for 24 months
* Expected to continue to be enrolled at GHC for 24 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known high risk for CRC
* History of CRC
* History of inflammatory bowel disease
* Current anticoagulation therapy
* Organ failure
* Serious illness
* Debilitating disease
* Dementia
* Nursing home resident.

Answer: B