Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Prospective Randomised Phase III Trial to Evaluate Optimal Treatment Duration of First-line Bevacizumab in Combination With Carboplatin and Paclitaxel in Patients With Primary Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube or Peritoneal Cancer
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether the early and continuous addition of bevacizumab for up to 30 months to the standard chemotherapy is more effective than the early and continuous addition of bevacizumab for up to 15 months.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Histologically verified epithelial ovarian cancer, primary tubae- or primary peritoneal cancer (Stage I-IV)
2. Carboplatin resistant ovarian cancer previously treated with a maximum of three different cytostatic regimens (single substance or in combination).
3. Age ≥ 18 years.
4. Performance status 0-2.
5. Measurable disease according to CA125 GCIG criteria (Gynaecologic Cancer Intergroup) or RECIST (Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) (See appendix I+II)
6. Adequate bonemarrow, liver and kidney function and coagulation parameters (within seven days of start of treatment).
7. ANC ≥ 1.5\*109
8. Thrombocytes ≥ 100\*10\^9/L
9. Haemoglobin (Hb) ≥ 6 mmol/l
10. Se-bilirubin (BR) ≤ 1.5\*ULN (Upper Limit of Normal)
11. Se-transaminase ≤ 2.5\*ULN
12. Se-creatinin ≤ 1.5\*ULN
13. Urin stix for protein \<2+ (If stix shows protein ≥2+ urin must be measured 24 hours where the protein content must be under 1 g.)
14. INR ≤1.5
15. APTT ≤ 1.5\*ULN
16. Signed informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who have received other types of experimental treatment or participated in a clinical study less than 28 days prior to this study.
2. Pregnant or breastfeeding women. A negative pregnancy test is mandatory for fertile women.
3. Fertile women, who do not wish to use safe contraception (e.g., birth control pills, coil, gestagen deposit injection, subdermal implantation, hormonal vagina ring, and transdermal deposit band-aid).
4. Untreated bowel obstruction or massive gastrointestinal tumors verified by CT scan.
5. Other present or previous malignant disease apart from curatively treated non-melanoma skin cancer or other types of cancer with minimal risk of relapse.
6. CNS-metastases.
7. Underlying medical disease not adequately treated (diabetes, cardiovascular disease).
8. Uncontrolled hypertension (persistent BP \> 150/100 despite antihypertensive treatment).
9. Surgery incl. open biopsy less than 4 weeks before expected first dose of Bevacizumab.
10. Patients with non-healing wounds or fractures.
11. Previous cerebrovascular attack (TVA), transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or subarachnoidal bleeding (SAH) within last six months.
12. Thromboembolic or haemorrhagic disease in the anamnesis.
13. Clinically significant cardiovascular disease including Myocardial infarction or unstable angina less than 6 months prior to treatment

    * New York heart Association NYHA class ≥ 2
    * Poorly controlled cardial arrythmia despite medical treatment
    * Peripheral vascular disease, grade 3 or above.
14. Present or previous chronical use of Aspirin (less than 10 days before start of treatment) Aspirin \> 325 mg daily.
15. Present or recent use of full dose oral or parenteral anticoagulant or thrombolytic medicine.
16. Preexisting neuropathy, sensoric or motoric ≥ grade 2.
17. Decreased hearing.
18. Bleeding tumor.
19. Hypersensitivity to the active substance or one or more of the other substances contained in the protocol drugs.
20. Hypersensitivity to products from ovarian cells (CHO) from Chinese hamster or other recombinant or humanized antibodies.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Histologically confirmed and documented high-risk FIGO stage IIIC/IV epithelial ovarian carcinoma, fallopian tube carcinoma, or primary peritoneal carcinoma
* Not eligible for primary complete debulking surgery during a laparoscopic procedure as judged by a surgeon experienced in management of ovarian cancer
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0, 1, or 2
* Life expectancy greater than or equal to (\>/=) 3 months
* Eligible for carboplatin and paclitaxel chemotherapy in accordance with local standards
* Beneficiaries of healthcare coverage under the social security system

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-epithelial ovarian cancer, ovarian tumor with low malignant potential, mucinous and clear cell ovarian cancer, or carcinosarcoma
* Evidence of abdominal free air not explained by paracentesis or recent surgical procedure
* Previous systemic therapy for ovarian cancer
* Previous exposure to mouse CA-125 antibody
* Current or recent (within 28 days prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1) treatment with another investigational drug or previous participation in this study
* Current or recent (within 10 days prior to first study drug dose) chronic daily treatment with aspirin greater than (\>) 325 milligrams (mg) per day
* Planned intraperitoneal cytotoxic chemotherapy
* Inadequate bone marrow, liver, or renal function
* History of myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke, or transient ischemic attack within 6 months prior to Day 1 of Cycle 1
* Uncontrolled hypertension
* Clinically significant (active) cardiovascular disease such as New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II or greater congestive heart failure, or aortic aneurism
* Pre-existing peripheral neuropathy that is Common Toxicity Criteria (CTC) Grade \>/=2
* Known hypersensitivity to bevacizumab or its excipients, Chinese hamster ovary cell products or other recombinant humanized antibodies, or to any planned chemotherapy
* Pregnant or lactating females
* History of other clinically active malignancy within 5 years of enrollment, except for tumors with a negligible risk for metastasis or death, such as adequately controlled basal-cell or squamous-cell carcinoma of the skin or carcinoma in situ of the cervix or breast
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Signed written informed consent obtained prior to initiation of any study specific procedures and treatment as confirmation of the patients awareness and willingness to comply with the study requirements
* Primary diagnosis is confirmed by specialized pathology review (Germany only)
* Females aged ≥ 18 years
* Histologically confirmed, newly diagnosed

  * Epithelial ovarian carcinoma
  * Fallopian tube carcinoma
  * Primary peritoneal carcinoma AND FIGO stage IIb - IV (all grades and all histological types)
* Patients should have already undergone surgical debulking, by a surgeon experienced in the management of ovarian cancer, with the aim of maximal surgical cytoreduction according to the GCIG Conference Consensus Statement. There must be no planned surgical debulking prior to disease progression. Patients with stage III and IV disease in whom initial surgical debulking was not appropriate or possible will still be eligible providing

  * the patient has a histological diagnosis and
  * debulking surgery prior to disease progression is not foreseen
* Patients must be able to commence cytotoxic chemotherapy within 8 weeks of cytoreductive surgery. The first dose of bevacizumab can be omitted in both arms if the investigator decides to start chemotherapy within 4 weeks of surgery.
* ECOG 0-2
* Life expectancy \> 3 months
* Adequate bone marrow function (within 14 days prior to randomization)

  * ANC ≥ 1.5 x 10\^9/L
  * PLT ≥ 100 x 10\^9/L
  * Hb ≥ 9 g/dL (can be post-transfusion)
* Adequate coagulation parameters (within 14 days prior to randomization)

  * Patients not receiving anticoagulant medication who have an INR ≤ 1.5 and an aPTT ≤ 1.5 x ULN
  * The use of full-dose oral or par-enteral anticoagulants is permitted as long as the INR or aPTT is within therapeutic limits (according to institution medical standard) and the patient has been on a stable dose of anticoagulants for at least two weeks at the time of randomization.
* Adequate liver function (within 14 days prior to randomization)

  * Serum bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x ULN
  * Serum transaminases ≤ 2.5 x ULN
* Urine dipstick for proteinuria \< 2+. If urine dipstick is ≥ 2+, 24 hour urine must demonstrate ≤ 1 g of protein in 24 hours
* Adequate postoperative GFR \> 40 ml/min (estimates based on the Cockroft-Gault or Jelliffe formula are sufficient)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-epithelial origin of the ovary, the fallopian tube or the peritoneum
* Borderline tumours (tumours of low malignant potential) and FIGO stage Ia - IIa tumours
* Planned intraperitoneal cytotoxic chemotherapy
* Prior systemic anti-cancer therapy for ovarian cancer (for example chemotherapy, monoclonal antibody therapy, tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy or hormonal therapy)
* Surgery (including open biopsy) within 4 weeks prior to anticipated first dose of bevacizumab (allowing for the fact that bevacizumab can be omitted from the first cycle of chemotherapy). It is strongly recommended that an interval of 7 days is left between the insertion of any central venous access devices (CVADs) and the onset of bevacizumab treatment.
* Any planned surgery during the study treatment period plus 4 additional weeks to allow for bevacizumab clearance
* Uncontrolled hypertension (sustained elevation of BP systolic \> 150mmHg and/or diastolic \> 100mmHg despite antihypertensive therapy)
* Any previous radiotherapy to the abdomen or pelvis
* Significant traumatic injury during 4 weeks preceding the potential first dose of bevacizumab
* History or clinical suspicion of brain metastases or spinal cord compression. CT/MRI of the brain is mandatory (within 4 weeks prior to randomization) in case of suspected brain metastases. Spinal MRI is mandatory (within 4 weeks prior to randomization) in case of suspected spinal cord compression.
* History or evidence upon neurological examination of central nervous system (CNS) disease, unless adequately treated with standard medical therapy e.g. uncontrolled seizures
* Previous Cerebro-Vascular Accident (CVA), Transient Ischaemic Attack (TIA) or Sub-Arachnoid Haemorrhage (SAH) within 6 months prior to randomization
* Fertile woman of childbearing potential not willing to use adequate contraception (oral contraceptives, intrauterine device or barrier method of contraception in conjunction with spermicidal jelly or surgically sterile) for the study duration and at least 6 months afterwards
* Pregnant or lactating women
* Treatment with other investigational agents, or participation in another clinical trial testing a drug within the past 4 weeks before start of therapy concomitantly with this trial
* Malignancies other than ovarian cancer within 5 years prior to randomization, except for adequately treated

  * carcinoma in situ of the cervix
  * and/or basal cell skin cancer
  * and/or non-melanomatous skin cancer
  * carcinoma in situ of the breast
  * and/or early endometrial carcinoma as specified below. Patients may have received previous adjuvant chemotherapy for other malignancies e.g. breast or colorectal carcinoma if diagnosed over 5 years ago with no evidence of subsequent recurrence.
* Patients with synchronous primary endometrial carcinoma, or a past history of primary endometrial carcinoma, are excluded unless ALL of the following criteria for describing the endometrial carcinoma are met

  * Disease stage FIGO stage ≤ IA (tumour invades less than one half of the myometrium)
* Known hypersensitivity to bevacizumab and its excipients, Chinese hamster ovary cell products or other recombinant human or humanised antibodies
* Non healing wound, active ulcer or bone fracture. Patients with granulating incisions healing by secondary intention with no evidence of facial dehiscence or infection are eligible but require 3 weekly wound examinations
* History or evidence of thrombotic or hemorrhagic disorders within 6 months prior to randomization
* Clinically significant cardiovascular disease, including

  * Myocardial infarction or unstable angina within 6 months of randomization
  * NYHA ≥ Grade 2 Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
  * Poorly controlled cardiac arrhythmia despite medication (patients with rate-controlled atrial fibrillation are eligible)
  * Grade ≥ 3 peripheral vascular disease (i.e. symptomatic and interfering with activities of daily living requiring repair or revision)
* Current or recent (within 10 days prior to randomization) chronic use of aspirin \> 325 mg/day
* Pre-existing sensory or motor neuropathy ≥ Grade 2
* Evidence of any other disease, metabolic dysfunction, physical examination finding or laboratory finding giving reasonable suspicion of a disease or condition that contra-indicates the use of an investigational drug or puts the patient at high risk for treatment-related complications
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a histologic diagnosis of epithelial ovarian cancer, peritoneal primary carcinoma or fallopian tube cancer; International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III with any gross (macroscopic or palpable) residual disease or FIGO stage IV, defined surgically at the completion of initial abdominal surgery and with appropriate tissue available for histologic evaluation; the minimum surgery required was an abdominal surgery providing tissue for histologic evaluation and establishing and documenting the primary site and stage, as well as a maximal effort at tumor debulking; if additional surgery was performed, it should have been in accordance with appropriate surgery for ovarian or peritoneal carcinoma described in the Gynecologic Oncology Group (GOG) Surgical Procedures Manual; however, the surgeon is not required to have performed all of the items contained in this section of the GOG Surgical Procedures Manual; those patients with stage III cancer in which the largest maximal diameter of any residual tumor implant at the completion of this initial surgery is no greater than 1 cm will be defined as "optimal;" all others will be defined as "suboptimal;" measurable disease on post-operative imaging studies is not required for eligibility
* Patients with the following histologic epithelial cell types are eligible: serous adenocarcinoma, endometrioid adenocarcinoma, mucinous adenocarcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma, clear cell adenocarcinoma, mixed epithelial carcinoma, transitional cell carcinoma, malignant Brenner's Tumor, or adenocarcinoma not otherwise specified (N.O.S.); however, the histologic features of the tumor must be compatible with a primary Müllerian epithelial adenocarcinoma; if doubt exists, it is recommended that the investigator should have the slides reviewed by an independent pathologist or, if necessary, the Pathology Co-Chair, prior to entry; patients may have co-existing fallopian tube carcinoma in-situ so long as the primary origin of invasive tumor is ovarian, peritoneal or fallopian tube
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than or equal to 1,500/µl equivalent to Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events version (v)3.0 (CTCAE) grade 1; this ANC cannot have been induced or supported by granulocyte colony stimulating factors
* Platelets greater than or equal to 100,000/µl; (CTCAE grade 0-1)
* Creatinine =\< 1.5 x institutional upper limit normal (ULN), CTCAE grade 1
* Bilirubin less than or equal to 1.5 x ULN (CTCAE grade 1)
* Serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and alkaline phosphatase less than or equal to 2.5 x ULN (CTCAE grade 1)
* Neuropathy (sensory and motor) less than or equal to CTCAE grade 1
* Prothrombin time (PT) such that international normalized ratio (INR) is =\< 1.5 (or an in-range INR, usually between 2 and 3, if a patient is on a stable dose of therapeutic warfarin for management of venous thrombosis including pulmonary thrombo-embolus) and a partial thromboplastin time (PTT) \< 1.2 times the upper limit of normal
* Patients with a GOG Performance Status of 0, 1, or 2
* Patients must be entered between 1 and 12 weeks after initial surgery performed for the combined purpose of diagnosis, staging and cytoreduction
* Patients with measurable and non-measurable disease are eligible; patients may or may not have cancer-related symptoms
* Patients who have met the pre-entry requirements
* An approved informed consent and authorization permitting release of personal health information must be signed by the patient or guardian
* Patients in this trial may receive ovarian estrogen +/- progestin replacement therapy as indicated at the lowest effective dose(s) for control of menopausal symptoms at any time, but not progestins for management of anorexia while on protocol directed therapy or prior to disease progression

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a current diagnosis of borderline epithelial ovarian tumor (formerly "tumors of low malignant potential") or recurrent invasive epithelial ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer treated with surgery only (such as patients with stage Ia or Ib low grade epithelial ovarian or fallopian tube cancers) are not eligible; patients with a prior diagnosis of a borderline tumor that was surgically resected and who subsequently develop an unrelated, new invasive epithelial ovarian, peritoneal primary or fallopian tube cancer are eligible, provided that they have not received prior chemotherapy for any ovarian tumor
* Patients who have received prior radiotherapy to any portion of the abdominal cavity or pelvis are excluded; prior radiation for localized cancer of the breast, head and neck, or skin is permitted, provided that it was completed more than three years prior to registration, and the patient remains free of recurrent or metastatic disease
* Patients who have received prior chemotherapy for any abdominal or pelvic tumor including neo-adjuvant chemotherapy for their ovarian, primary peritoneal or fallopian tube cancer are excluded; patients may have received prior adjuvant chemotherapy for localized breast cancer, provided that it was completed more than three years prior to registration, and that the patient remains free of recurrent or metastatic disease
* Patients who have received any targeted therapy (including but not limited to vaccines, antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors) or hormonal therapy for management of their epithelial ovarian or peritoneal primary cancer
* Patients with synchronous primary endometrial cancer, or a past history of primary endometrial cancer, are excluded, unless all of the following conditions are met: stage not greater than I-B; no more than superficial myometrial invasion, without vascular or lymphatic invasion; no poorly differentiated subtypes, including papillary serous, clear cell or other FIGO grade 3 lesions
* With the exception of non-melanoma skin cancer and other specific malignancies as noted above, patients with other invasive malignancies who had (or have) any evidence of the other cancer present within the last five years or whose previous cancer treatment contraindicates this protocol therapy are excluded
* Patients with acute hepatitis or active infection that requires parenteral antibiotics
* Patients with serious non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture; this includes history of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation or intra-abdominal abscess within 28 days; patients with granulating incisions healing by secondary intention with no evidence of fascial dehiscence or infection are eligible but require weekly wound examinations
* Patients with active bleeding or pathologic conditions that carry high risk of bleeding, such as known bleeding disorder, coagulopathy, or tumor involving major vessels
* Patients with history or evidence upon physical examination of central nervous system (CNS) disease, including primary brain tumor, seizures not controlled with standard medical therapy, any brain metastases, or history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA, stroke), transient ischemic attack (TIA) or subarachnoid hemorrhage within six months of the first date of treatment on this study
* Patients with clinically significant cardiovascular disease; this includes:
* Uncontrolled hypertension, defined as systolic \> 150 mm Hg or diastolic \> 90 mm Hg
* Myocardial infarction or unstable angina \< 6 months prior to registration
* New York Heart Association (NYHA) grade II or greater congestive heart failure
* Serious cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication; this does not include asymptomatic, atrial fibrillation with controlled ventricular rate
* CTCAE grade 2 or greater peripheral vascular disease (at least brief (\< 24 hrs) episodes of ischemia managed non-surgically and without permanent deficit)
* History of CVA within six months
* Patients with known hypersensitivity to Chinese hamster ovary cell products or other recombinant human or humanized antibodies
* Patients with clinically significant proteinuria; urine protein should be screened by urine protein-creatinine ratio (UPCR); the UPCR has been found to correlate directly with the amount of protein excreted in a 24 hour urine collection; specifically, a UPCR of 1.0 is equivalent to 1.0 gram of protein in a 24 hour urine collection; obtain at least 4 ml of a random urine sample in a sterile container (does not have to be a 24 hour urine); send sample to lab with request for urine protein and creatinine levels \[separate requests\]; the lab will measure protein concentration (mg/dL) and creatinine concentration (mg/dL); the UPCR is derived as follows: protein concentration (mg/dL)/creatinine (mg/dL); patients must have a UPCR \< 1.0 to allow participation in the study
* Patients with or with anticipation of invasive procedures as defined below:
* Major surgical procedure, open biopsy or significant traumatic injury within 28 days prior to the first date of bevacizumab/placebo therapy (cycle 2)
* Major surgical procedure anticipated during the course of the study; this includes, but is not limited to abdominal surgery (laparotomy or laparoscopy) prior to disease progression, such as colostomy or enterostomy reversal, interval or secondary cytoreductive surgery, or second look surgery; please consult with the study chair prior to patient entry for any questions related to the classification of surgical procedures
* Core biopsy, within 7 days prior to the first date of bevacizumab/placebo therapy (cycle 2)
* Patients with GOG Performance Grade of 3 or 4
* Patients who are pregnant or nursing; bevacizumab should not be administered to nursing women; patients of childbearing potential must agree to use contraceptive measures during study therapy and for at least six months after completion of bevacizumab therapy
* Patients who have received prior therapy with any anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) drug, including bevacizumab
* Patients with clinical symptoms or signs of gastrointestinal obstruction and who require parenteral hydration and/or nutrition
* Patients with medical history or conditions not otherwise previously specified which in the opinion of the investigator should exclude participation in this study; the investigator should feel free to consult the study chair or study co-chairs for uncertainty in this regard

Answer: C