Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: ESPRIT: European/Australasian Stroke Prevention in Reversible Ischaemia Trial
Brief Summary: The objective of ESPRIT was to compare the efficacy and safety of mild anticoagulation or a combination treatment of aspirin and dipyridamole with the efficacy and safety of treatment with aspirin alone after cerebral ischemia of arterial origin.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients presenting in the participating hospitals with a TIA or non-disabling stroke of atherosclerotic origin
* Randomisation within 6 months after the TIA or minor stroke
* Modified Rankin scale of 3 or less

Exclusion Criteria:

* (Contra)indication to, or intolerance to, anticoagulants, dipyridamole, or aspirin
* Disease expected to cause death within weeks or months
* Source of embolism in the heart
* Moderate or severe ischemic damage to the white matter of the brain (leukoaraiosis)
* Anemia, polycythemia, thrombocytosis, or thrombocytopenia
* Planned carotid endarterectomy
* Intracranial bleeding or cerebral tumour
* TIA or stroke caused by vasculitis, migraine, or dissection
* Severe hypertension
* Liver failure
* Pregnancy
* Chronic alcohol abuse
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults (≥ 18 years)
* The participant is able to give informed consent.
* Established atherothrombotic cardiovascular disease (CVD) or high cardiovascular risk, of for individuals without established cardiovascular disease, a calculated 5 year CVD risk of 15% or greater (calculated using the 1991 Anderson Framingham risk equation with adjustments as defined by the New Zealand Guidelines Group recommendations)
* The trial Investigator considers that each of the polypill components are indicated
* The trial Investigator is unsure as to whether a polypill-based strategy or usual care is better.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Contraindication to any of the components of the polypill (e.g. known intolerance to aspirin, statins, or ACE inhibitors,pregnancy or likely to become pregnant during the treatment period).
* The treating doctor considers that changing a participant's cardiovascular medications would put the participant at risk (e.g. symptomatic heart failure, high dose βblocker required to manage angina or for rate control in atrial fibrillation,accelerated hypertension, severe renal insufficiency, a history of severe resistant hypertension)
* Known situation where medication regimen might be altered for a significant length of time, e.g. current acute cardiovascular event, planned coronary bypass graft operation.
* Unlikely to complete the trial (e.g. lifethreatening condition other than cardiovascular disease) or adhere to the trial procedures or attend study visits (e.g. major psychiatric condition, dementia).
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Men or women equal or elder 40 years of age
* Either acute ischaemic stroke or high-risk TIA as defined here and randomisation occurring within 24 hours after onset of symptoms

Key Exclusion Criteria:

* Planned use of antithrombotic therapy in addition to study medication including antiplatelets (eg, open label ASA, GPIIb/IIIa inhibitors, clopidogrel, ticlopidine, prasugrel, dipyridamole, ozagrel, cilostazol) and anticoagulants (eg, warfarin, oral thrombin and factor Xa inhibitors, bivalirudin, hirudin, argatroban, unfractionated and low molecular weight heparins). - Any history of atrial fibrillation, ventricular aneurysm or suspicion of cardioembolic pathology for TIA or stroke. - Planned carotid, cerebrovascular, or coronary revascularisation that requires halting study medication within 7 days of randomisation. - Receipt of any intravenous or intra-arterial thrombolysis or mechanical thrombectomy within 24 hours prior to randomisation - History of previous symptomatic non-traumatic intracerebral bleed at any time (asymptomatic microbleeds do not qualify), gastrointestinal (GI) bleed within the past 6 months, or major surgery within 30 days.
D: Major Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18-60 years inclusive.
* Positive contrast valsalva bubble study by trans-esophageal echocardiogram (TEE) for patent foramen ovale (PFO), with or without atrial septal aneurysm.
* Stroke or clinically definite TIA (contact study coordinator).
* Be able to comply with follow up over two years.
* Be competent to, or have a legal guardian competent to, provide informed consent following full disclosure of risks and benefits of both treatment arms by a study investigator.
* Venous access capable of accepting a 10F minimum vascular sheath.
* Have, or be willing to, discontinue hormonal based contraceptive use prior to enrollment and for the term of the study.
* Has cardiac anatomy based on enrollment echocardiogram that will allow for placement of the implant if randomized to the implant arm.
* Note: Additional inclusion criteria may apply. Contact study coordinator or principal investigator for details.

Post-randomization - device patients only

* The size of the PFO (measured by indentation with a soft balloon) must be amenable to selection of a STARFlex device.

Major Exclusion Criteria:

* Carotid artery stenosis \> 50%.
* Intracranial stenosis \> 50% appropriate to symptoms.
* Complex aortic arch atheroma with high risk features for embolism
* Aortic arch, carotid or vertebral artery dissection.
* Mitral or aortic valve stenosis, vegetation, or calcification \> 5 mm mitral annular calcification (MAC) thickness.
* Active pregnancy.
* Active infections (contact study coordinator).
* Active infective endocarditis or bacteremia.
* Prosthetic heart valves in any location.
* Anterior MI within 3 months of neurological event.
* Chronic atrial fibrillation
* Thrombus in, or occluded, venous access route.
* Contraindication to heparin, aspirin, clopidogrel, or warfarin, or a known medical condition that requires continuous warfarin.
* Patient enrolled in another investigation study where clinical endpoint interference may occur.
* Permanent pacemaker or inferior vena cava (IVC) filter.
* Serum creatinine \> 2.0 mg/dL
* Patients with known vasculitis or neurologic disorder.
* Baseline modified Rankin score of 3 or more.
* Hypercoagulopathies requiring long-term warfarin.
* Note: Additional exclusion criteria may apply.

Answer: A