Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Assessment of the Immunogenicity of Three Doses of Bivalent, Trivalent or Type One Monovalent Oral Poliovirus Vaccines Provided at 2 or 4 Week Intervals
Brief Summary: This randomized clinical trial will assess the immune response in infants following administration of three types of oral poliovirus vaccine trivalent OPV (tOPV), monovalent OPV type 1 (mOPV1), bivalent OPV types 1 and 3 (bOPV) using two different schedules: a short schedule with administration at two week intervals and the usual schedule at four week intervals. The results of this study will guide the Global Polio Eradication Program in the implementation of new strategies that may: 1) improve the quality of the response to outbreaks following importation of wild poliovirus type 1 by shortening the interval at which several OPV doses are provided; 2) prevent alternate outbreaks of type 1 and type 3 poliovirus by using bOPV in outbreak responses in countries with weak routine immunization systems; and 3) prevent the emergence of type 2 vaccine-derived poliovirus through the replacement of tOPV with bOPV in immunization campaigns and routine immunization programs.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects who the investigator believes that their parents/guardians can and will comply with the requirements of the protocol should be enrolled in the study.
* A male or female between, and including 6 and 10 weeks of age at the time of the first vaccination.
* Written informed consent obtained from the parents or guardians of the subject
* Documented HIV status of the subject as confirmed by PCR.
* HIV asymptomatic and HIV mildly symptomatic; Stages I and II disease according to WHO's most recent classification for HIV stages in infants and children.
* Born after a gestation period of 36 to 42 weeks.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Use of any investigational or non-registered drug or vaccine other than the study vaccine(s) within 30 days preceding the first dose of study vaccine, or planned use during the study period.
* Previous routine vaccination except OPV, BCG and HBV vaccination at birth
* Any clinically significant history of chronic gastrointestinal disease including any uncorrected congenital malformation of the GI tract or other serious medical condition as determined by the investigator.
* History of allergic disease or reaction likely to be exacerbated by any component of the vaccine.
* Acute disease at time of enrolment.
* Gastroenteritis within 7 days preceding the study vaccine administration.
* Previous confirmed occurrence of RV gastroenteritis.
* Other conditions which in the opinion of the investigator may potentially interfere with interpretation of study outcomes.
* HIV moderately and severely symptomatic: stages III and IV according to WHO's recent classification.
* Administration of immunoglobulins and/or blood products since birth or planned administration during the study period.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy infants birth weigh \>2000 g, 11 -17 weeks old at Dose 1 with written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Allergic reaction to vaccine components; clinically significant history of chronic GI disease (uncorrected GI congenital malformation) or other serious medical condition per investigator, received vaccines or treatment prohibited by the protocol; immunocompromised.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy infants of 6 weeks of age (±2 days).
* Study families reside within the Health and Demographic Surveillance System (HDSS) area, service area of the ICDDR,B.
* Family able to understand and comply with planned study procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

* Family residence outside the ICDDR,B HDSS service area, or families expecting to move away during the study period, will be excluded.
* A diagnosis or suspicion of immunodeficiency disorder (either in the infant or in a member of the immediate family).
* A diagnosis or suspicion of bleeding disorder that would contraindicate venipuncture.
* Acute diarrhea, infection or illness at the time of the first visit (6 weeks of age) that would require infant's admission to a hospital or would contraindicate provision of OPV per country guidelines.
* Acute vomiting and intolerance to liquids within 24 hours before the first visit (6 weeks of age).
* Receipt of OPV or IPV at any time before enrollment based upon mother's recall or immunization card if available.
* Because of contact transmission of vaccine poliovirus strains, newborns from multiple births will be excluded from the study to prevent transmission of vaccine strains received during routine immunization from the twin to the study participant.
D: "Inclusion criteria:

* A male or female between, and including, 8 and 10 weeks of age at the time of the first vaccination.
* Written informed consent obtained from the parent or guardian of the subject.
* Free of obvious health problems as established by medical history and clinical examination before entering into the study.
* The subjects should have been administered the first dose of DTP/ OPV/ hepatitis B vaccines as per the local universal immunization program at 6 weeks of age.

Exclusion criteria:

* Use of any investigational or non-registered product (drug or vaccine) other than the study vaccine or the routine UIP vaccines within 30 days preceding the first dose of study vaccine, or planned use during the study period.
* Chronic administration (defined as more than 14 days) of immunosuppressants or other immune-modifying drugs since birth. (For corticosteroids, this will mean prednisone, or equivalent, \>= 0.5 mg/kg/day. Inhaled and topical steroids are allowed.)
* Any chronic drug therapy to be continued during the study period.
* Administration of a vaccine not foreseen by the study protocol within 6 weeks of the first dose of vaccine or planned administration during the study of a vaccine not foreseen by the study protocol, with the exception of diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib), OPV and vaccination against tuberculosis, which can be given with at least two weeks separation from the first and subsequent dose of the study vaccine.
* Prior administration of experimental rotavirus vaccine.
* History of confirmed rotavirus gastroenteritis.
* Any clinically significant history of chronic gastrointestinal disease including any uncorrected congenital malformation of the GI tract or other serious medical condition as determined by the investigator.
* Any confirmed or suspected immunosuppressive or immunodeficient condition, including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection based on physical examination (no laboratory testing is required).
* A family history of congenital or hereditary immunodeficiency.
* History of allergic disease or reactions likely to be exacerbated by any component of the vaccine.
* Major congenital defects or serious chronic illness.
* History of any neurologic disorders or seizures.
* Acute disease at the time of enrolment.
* Gastroenteritis (diarrhea) within 7 days preceding the study vaccine administration (warrants deferral of the vaccination).
* Acute or chronic, clinically significant pulmonary, cardiovascular, hepatic or renal functional abnormality, as determined by physical examination or medical history.
* Administration of immunoglobulins and/or blood products since birth or planned administration during the study period. Oral intake of immunoglobulins via breastfeeding is allowed.

Answer: C