Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Fluid Translation of Research Into Practice Study (Fluid-TRIPS): An International Cross-Sectional Survey of Fluid Resuscitation Practice
Brief Summary: Translating reliable evidence on fluid resuscitation of intensive care patients into clinical practice - Improving patient outcomes and containing public health costs


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. AGE (etiology: viral or other) resulting in presentation to the ED deemed in need of IV rehydration. In the 24 hours prior to presentation, the subject experienced at least 3 episodes of diarrhea (loose and/or watery stools) and/or nonbilious vomiting.
2. Moderate to severe dehydration (as assessed by Gorelick score13 ≥ 4
3. ≥ 6 months to \< 11 years of age.
4. Healthy except for the underlying etiology of AGE.
5. Institutional Review Board (IRB)/Independent Ethics Committee (IEC)-approved written ICFs and privacy language per national regulations (eg, Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act \[HIPAA\], Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act \[PIPEDA\]) were obtained from the parent/guardian prior to any study-related procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. AGE that did not require IV rehydration per the clinician.
2. Gorelick score ≤ 3
3. Bilious vomiting.
4. Received \> 20 mL/kg IV fluid bolus within the 4 hours prior to study enrollment (ie, Hour -4 to Hour 0).
5. Diarrhea lasting \> 7 days prior to presentation to the ED.
6. Chronic vomiting disorder.
7. Grossly bloody diarrhea.
8. Chronic diarrheal disorder.
9. Known hyponatremia (sodium \< 130 mmol/L \[\< 130 mEq/L\]) within 72 hours prior to enrollment.
10. Known hypernatremia (sodium \> 155 mmol/L \[\> 155 mEq/L\]) within 72 hours prior to enrollment.
11. Known hypokalemia (potassium \< 3.0 mmol/L \[\< 3.0 mEq/L\]) within 72 hours prior to enrollment.
12. Known hyperkalemia (potassium \> 5.5 mmol/L \[\> 5.5 mEq/L\]) within 72 hours prior to enrollment.
13. The use of prohibited medications:

    * Antacids within 24 hours prior to presentation to the ED and during the study.
    * Anti-diarrhea medication within 24 hours prior to presentation to the ED and during the study.
    * The systemic use of corticosteroids/corticotropins was prohibited within 72 hours of enrollment.
14. Chronic health condition affecting the ability to tolerate fluids or those that result in electrolyte abnormalities (eg, chronic renal, cardiac, or pulmonary diagnoses), or abnormalities of sodium or potassium handling (eg, endocrine disorders, medications).
15. Any reason for urgent or emergency hospital admission or ED stays of \> 12 hours within 14 days preceding presentation to the ED.
16. Any medical condition likely to interfere with the subject's ability to fully complete all protocol-specified interventions, the ability to undergo all protocol-specified assessments, or likely to prolong the subject's need for medical attention beyond that required for treatment of dehydration.
17. Participation in a study of any investigational drug or device concomitantly or within 30 days prior to enrollment in this study, including previous enrollment in this study.
18. Subject with a \> 50% expected chance of dying within 6 months, in the Investigator's opinion.
19. Known hypersensitivity to either of the investigational products.
20. Other serious acute or active conditions that, in the Investigator's opinion, precluded participation in this study.
B: Inclusion Criteria (all three):

1. Need for plasma expansion, and the clinician considers that Plasma-Lyte® or 0.9% saline are equally appropriate for patients, with no specific indications or contraindications for any of the fluids or for rapid or slow infusion.
2. Patients not expected to be discharged on the day after their admission.
3. At least one of the following risk factors for acute renal injury:

   1. Age ≥ 65 years
   2. Hypotension (mean arterial pressure \[MAP\] \< 65 mmHg or systolic blood pressure \[SBP\] \< 90 mmHg) or use of vasopressors
   3. Sepsis
   4. Use of invasive mechanical ventilation or of continuous noninvasive mechanical ventilation (including high-flow nasal cannula) \> 12 hours
   5. Oliguria (\< 0.5 mL/kg/hour for ≥ 3 hours)
   6. Serum creatinine ≥ 1.2 mg/dL for women or ≥ 1.4 mg/dL for men
   7. Liver cirrhosis or acute liver failure

Exclusion Criteria (any of the below):

1. Age \< 18 years
2. Acute renal failure treated with renal replacement therapy (RRT) or expected to require RRT within the next 6 hours
3. Severe hyponatremia (serum sodium ≤ 120 mmol/L)
4. Severe hypernatremia (serum sodium ≥ 160 mmol/L)
5. Death considered imminent and inevitable within 24 hours
6. Patients with suspected or confirmed brain death
7. Patients under exclusive palliative care
8. Patients previously enrolled in the BaSICS study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

Adult patients present in the ICU on the study day or admitted during the 24-hour study period will be included in the study sample.

Exclusion Criteria:

Children under 16 years are excluded
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Emergency department patient
* Chief complaint of nausea, vomiting or emesis, diarrhea, abdominal pain, dehydration, heat stroke or exhaustion
* ED provider approves administration of two liters of fluid
* ED provider states patient is likely to be discharged
* Patient has followed up with PCP in the last two years
* Patient has access to phone for next two days following ED discharge

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prisoners
* Children
* Women known to be pregnant
* Jaundice
* Current chemotherapy

Answer: C