Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Assessing the Effectiveness of Mass Drug Administration (MDA) With Dihydroartemisinin + Piperaquine for Reducing Malaria Parasite Infection Prevalence and Incidence in Southern Province Zambia
Brief Summary: To quantify the relative effectiveness, cost, and cost-effectiveness of fMDA and MDA with DHAp against no mass treatment for reducing P. falciparum parasite prevalence, confirmed OPD malaria case incidence and cohort infection incidence in areas of high and low malaria transmission and in a program-relevant manner that will permit adoption and adaptation for wider-scale deployment.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Individuals who consent to participate in the study
* Residents in the study area
* Older than 6 months of age (or weighing more than 5Kg)
* Women in the second or third trimester who are not on IPTp

Exclusion Criteria:

* Individuals who do not consent to participate in the study
* Younger than 6 months of age (or weighing more than 5Kg)
* Women in the first trimester of pregnancy
* Severely ill individuals
* Individuals on contra-indicated medication
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Permanent or temporary resident of study Shehias (i.e., persons who stayed in the selected household the night before the interview)
* Provision of informed consent (refusal must be recorded)
* Age \>6 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women pregnant in first trimester (assessed by a specific set of questions designed to exclude pregnancy)
* Severe disease that requires immediate referral to health facility or hospital
* Concurrent antimalarial treatment at time of MDA or during the last 14 days
* Inability to take oral medication

Additional exclusion criteria for treatment with SLD Primaquine:

* Pregnancy (all trimesters, assessed by a specific set of questions designed to exclude pregnancy)
* Women breast feeding infants aged \< 6months
C: OxTREC reference: 1017-13

Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥6 months, male or female,
* Written informed consent (by parent/guardian in case of children)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women will not receive primaquine (urine pregnancy tests will be performed on women of appropriate age groups before drug administration at each TCE round)
* History of allergy or known contraindication to artemisinins, piperaquine or PQ
* Those who are, in the opinion of the study clinician, ill at the time of drug administration

OxTREC reference: 1015-13

Inclusion Criteria

* Age ≥6 months, male or female,
* Written informed consent (by legally acceptable representative in case of children)
* Healthy at the time of the survey or drug administration
* Not pregnant

Exclusion Criteria

* Significant non-compliance with study requirements
* Loss to follow up
* Suspected severe adverse events
* Severe illness

OxTREC reference: 23-15

Part 1. qPCR survey for identification of potential TMT villages;

Inclusion criteria:

* Males and females 18 and above
* Written informed consent

Exclusion criteria:

* Pregnant women in their first trimester
* Presence of any acute severe illness at the time of survey

Part 2. TMT villages will be given directly observed therapy (DOT) with DP for 3 days and PQ (0.25 mg/kg) will be given on day 1

Inclusion criteria for TMT

* Age ≥one year, male and female,
* Willing to provide consent for those 18 years and above. For children 10-18 years old, parents/guardians must provide consent, and the children must provide assent. For children below 10 years old, the parents/guardians must provide consent.

Exclusion criteria for TMT

* History of allergy or known contraindication to artemisinins, piperaquine or PQ.
* Refusal of treatment.
* Pregnant women in their 1st trimester.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* anyone not excluded and consenting

Exclusion Criteria:

* contraindications from manufacturer for medications including currently taking haloperidol, artane, Phenergan (Promethazine), chlorpromazine, erythromycin, Azithromycin, clarithromycin, Ketoconazole, fluconazole, mefloquine (as prophylaxis), lumefantrine (in Coartem), quinine, Septrin
* anyone seriously ill
* currently taking antimalarial medicines
* allergy to artemisinin drugs
* pregnant women in first trimester
* children under 3 months of age
* reported heart condition

Answer: D