Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Multi-institutional, Randomized Controlled Trial Assessing Opioid Use and Analgesic Requirements After Endoscopic Sinus Surgery
Brief Summary: Given the ongoing national opioid epidemic, an increased interest has developed in optimizing opioid prescribing practices of physicians, including otolaryngologists. Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) is one of the most commonly performed surgeries by otolaryngologists with over 250,000 ESS's performed annually in the U.S. Multiple studies have shown that, compared to the amount patients actually consume, otolaryngologists prescribe a high quantity of opioids to patients recovering from ESS). It has been shown that these excess opioid medications contribute to prolonged use or abuse by the patient, family members, or friends. The purpose of this study is to better understand the pain management requirements of patients who undergo ESS for recurrent acute rhinosinusitis (RARS) or chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS).

This prospective, randomized, multi-institutional controlled trial will aim to determine the degree to which pain following ESS can be adequately controlled by non-opioid medications. It will also determine whether post-ESS narcotic use can be avoided entirely, or at least significantly limited. Patients will be randomized into two groups, each of which will receive a stepwise analgesic regimen consisting of acetaminophen and oxycodone or acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Pain will be assessed daily using visual analog scales (VAS) and the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI).

The results of this study will help to develop a standardized approach to pain management in the post-ESS setting and help to elucidate the role of non-opioid pain medications. The ultimate goal would be to positively affect opioid prescribing patterns among surgeons who perform ESS in order to significantly reduce the quantity of opioids prescribed to patients while continuing to adequately manage patients' pain.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Therapeutic; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Ibuprofen | Arm Label: Prophylactic; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Ibuprofen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ibuprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): Prophylactic, Therapeutic
B: Arm Label: Experimental group; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: OxyCODONE 5 Mg (milligram) Oral Tablet, Drug: Ibuprofen 600 Mg (milligram) Oral Tablet, Drug: Acetaminophen 650 MG (milligram) Oral Tablet | Arm Label: Control group; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: OxyCODONE 5 Mg (milligram) Oral Tablet, Drug: Acetaminophen 650 MG (milligram) Oral Tablet | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: OxyCODONE 5 Mg (milligram) Oral Tablet; Assigned to Arm(s): Control group, Experimental group | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ibuprofen 600 Mg (milligram) Oral Tablet; Assigned to Arm(s): Experimental group | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Acetaminophen 650 MG (milligram) Oral Tablet; Assigned to Arm(s): Control group, Experimental group
C: Arm Label: Caffeine-Ibuprofen; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Drug: ibuprofen, Drug: caffeine | Arm Label: Placebo-Ibuprofen/Caffeine; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Drug: ibuprofen + caffeine, Drug: placebo | Arm Label: Ibuprofen/Caffeine-Ibuprofen/Caffeine; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Drug: ibuprofen + caffeine | Arm Label: Ibuprofen-Ibuprofen; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Drug: ibuprofen | Arm Label: Caffeine-Ibuprofen/Caffeine; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Drug: caffeine, Drug: ibuprofen + caffeine | Arm Label: Placebo-Ibuprofen; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Drug: placebo, Drug: ibuprofen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: ibuprofen + caffeine; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo-Ibuprofen/Caffeine | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: ibuprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): Ibuprofen-Ibuprofen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: ibuprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): Caffeine-Ibuprofen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: caffeine; Assigned to Arm(s): Caffeine-Ibuprofen/Caffeine | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: ibuprofen + caffeine; Assigned to Arm(s): Ibuprofen/Caffeine-Ibuprofen/Caffeine | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo-Ibuprofen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo-Ibuprofen/Caffeine | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: caffeine; Assigned to Arm(s): Caffeine-Ibuprofen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: ibuprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo-Ibuprofen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: ibuprofen + caffeine; Assigned to Arm(s): Caffeine-Ibuprofen/Caffeine
D: Arm Label: Morphine; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Morphine | Arm Label: Ibuprofen; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Ibuprofen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Morphine; Assigned to Arm(s): Morphine | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ibuprofen; Assigned to Arm(s): Ibuprofen

Answer: B