Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Development and Assessment of a New Physiotherapy Protocol for Gait Recovery After Stroke Based on Clinical and Functional Criteria
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study was to identify and evaluate the effect of a new protocol of physiotherapy to retrain walking ability after stroke in subjects older than fifty-five. This protocol was composed of specific, clearly defined and reproducible techniques, based on clinical and functional criteria.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke in the left or right cortical or subcortical regions
* medically stable
* cannot stand independently for \>1 minute or cannot stand at all
* can sit for at least 20 minutes with or without trunk support and can sit for at least 1 minute without trunk support
* able to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* unstable cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, orthopedic or neurological condition that precludes exercise of low to moderate intensity
* vestibular deficits or vertigo
* seizure activity in the previous 6 months
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* At least 19 years old
* Hemiplegia as a result of a non-traumatic cerebral stroke (ischaemic or hemorrhagic)
* Stroke occurred at least 3 months prior to study
* Ability to understand/follow directions and answer questions in English
* Ability to maintain a sitting position in a standard office chair without arm rests, independently or with minimal supervision, for 1.5 hours.
* Have the ability to perform the following movement several times with their weak arm (while seated): move their hand to their hip (on the same side as the weak arm), it's OK if they use their trunk to help themselves, and from that point of flexion moving it forward (without touching their thigh) to touch their knee (on the same side as the weak arm). They should be able to do this movement without any help from their strong hand.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Upper limb orthopaedic surgery in the past 3 months
* Shoulder subluxation or significant shoulder pain
* Trunk pain
* Other orthopaedic or neurological conditions affecting the arm or trunk
* Severe uncorrected visual impairment that could prevent participants from completing the task
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Haemorrhagic or ischaemic stroke diagnosis has to be confirmed by the consultant appointed at the rehabilitation centre on the basis of CT or MRI imaging
* Patients with a history of first stroke
* Stroke onset within five months
* Patients who are able to sit independently for 30 seconds on a stable surface
* Hospitalized in the rehabilitation hospital RevArte
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* A score of 20 or higher on the Trunk Impairment Scale
* A score of 2 or lower on the Functional Ambulation Categories
* Patients suffering from other neurological and orthopaedic disorders that could influence motor performance and balance
* Patients not able to understand instructions
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Having suffered a single stroke episode with residual hemiparesis
* Being candidate to begin a rehabilitation programme
* Being able to walk before suffering the stroke
* Having the ability to understand and follow simple instructions
* Being hemodynamically stable within the first week after stroke

Exclusion Criteria:

* Poor vital prognosis
* Pathologies or disorders hampering the development of the study such as: blindness, prosthetics, sensory disorders, severe cognitive impairment and so on
* Absence of motor impairments after stroke
* Pre-stroke disorders that affected the ability to walk

Answer: D