Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Augmented Versus Routine Approach to Giving Energy Trial: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Nutrition therapy is an essential standard of care for all critically ill patients who are mechanically ventilated and remain in the intensive care unit for more than a few days.

The investigators plan to conduct a 4,000 patient, double-blind, randomised controlled trial to determine if augmentation of calorie delivery using energy dense enteral nutrition in mechanically ventilated patients improves 90 day survival when compared to routine care.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* The diagnosis of acute pancreatitis accords with the Atlanta criteria in 1992
* Within 3 days from the onset of the disease
* Hemodynamics stable

Exclusion Criteria:

* Decompressive measures and enteral nutrition was performed before admission
* Ileus of lower digestive tract
* Pregnant pancreatitis
* Chronic organs dysfunction
* Immunodeficiency
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Must meet the following three criteria at study entry within a 24-hour period: 1) PaO2/FiO2 less than or equal to 300 (if altitude is more than 1000 meters, then PaO2/FiO2 less than or equal to 300 x \[barometric pressure/760\]), 2) bilateral infiltrates (patchy, diffuse, homogeneous, or asymmetric) consistent with pulmonary edema on frontal chest radiograph, and 3) requirement for positive pressure ventilation via endotracheal tube
* No clinical evidence of left-sided cardiac failure to account for bilateral pulmonary infiltrates
* Intention of primary medical team to enterally feed the patient
* Undergoes enteral feeding within 48 hours of meeting inclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

* Neuromuscular disease that impairs ability to breath without assistance, such as cervical spinal cord injury at level C5 or higher, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, or myasthenia gravis
* Pregnant or breastfeeding
* Severe chronic respiratory disease. More information about this criterion can be found in the protocol.
* Burns on greater than 40% total body surface area
* Malignancy or other irreversible disease or condition for which 6-month mortality is estimated to be greater than 50%. More information about this criterion can be found in the protocol.
* Allogeneic bone marrow transplant within the 5 years before study entry
* Patient, surrogate, or physician not committed to full support (exception: a patient will not be excluded if he/she would receive all supportive care except for attempts at resuscitation from cardiac arrest)
* Severe chronic liver disease (Child-Pugh score of 11 to 15)
* Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage from vasculitis
* Morbid obesity, defined as 1 kg/cm body weight
* Unwilling or unable to use the ARDS network 6 mL/kg PBW ventilation protocol
* Moribund patient not expected to survive 24 hours
* No intent to obtain central venous access for monitoring intravascular pressures
* More than 72 hours since mechanical ventilation initiated
* Refractory shock. More information about this criterion can be found in the protocol.
* Unable to obtain enteral access
* Presence of partial or complete mechanical bowel obstruction
* Presence of ischemia or infarction
* Current total parenteral nutrition (TPN) use or intent to use TPN within 7 days of study entry
* Severe malnutrition with body mass index less than 18.5 or loss of more than 30% total body weight in the 6 months before study entry
* Laparotomy expected within 7 days of study entry
* Unable to raise head of bed 30 to 45 degrees
* Short-bowel syndrome or absence of gastrointestinal tract
* Presence of high-output (greater than 500 cc/day) enterocutaneous fistula
* International normalized ratio greater than 5.0, platelet count less than 30,000/mm3, or history of bleeding disorder
* Intracranial hemorrhage within the 1 month before study entry
* Allergy to enteral formula, omega-3 fatty acids, GLA, vitamin E, vitamin C, beta-carotene, taurine, or L-carnitine
* Requirement for, or physician insistence on, enteral formula supplemented with omega-3 fatty acids (ex: Oxepa®, Impact®) or providing omega-3 fatty acid, GLA, or antioxidant supplementation
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients admitted to any of the five intensive care units
2. Older than 18 years
3. Nutritional risk screening score (NRS) higher or equal to three upon ICU admission

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with a do not resuscitate (DNR) code or moribund at the time of ICU admission
2. Patients already enrolled in another trial
3. Patients transferred from another intensive care unit with an established nutritional therapy
4. Patients suffering from ketoacidotic or hyperosmolar coma on admission
5. Patients with a body mass index (BMI) below 17 kg/m\^2
6. Short bowel syndrome
7. Patients known to be pregnant or nursing
8. Patients on mechanical ventilation at home
9. NRS score lower than three
10. Patient readmitted to ICU after randomization to the EPaNIC trial.
11. Patient not critically ill on admission. (No clinical indication for central intravenous catheter or patient ready for oral nutrition on admission.)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Intubated and receiving mechanical ventilation
* About to commence enteral nutrition or enteral nutrition commenced within the previous12 hours
* Expected to be receiving enteral nutrition in ICU until at least the day after tomorrow

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any Enteral Nutrition (EN) or Parenteral Nutrition (PN) received for \>12 hours in this ICU admission
* Treating clinician considers the EN goal rate (i.e.1ml/kg of ideal body weight per hour) to be clinically contraindicated e.g. requirement for fluid restriction
* Requirement for specific nutritional therapy as determined by the treating doctor or dietitian i.e. TARGET protocol EN not considered to be in the best interest of the patient
* Death is deemed to be imminent or inevitable during this admission and either the attending physician, patient or substitute decision maker is not committed to active treatment
* The patient has an underlying disease that makes survival to 90 days unlikely
* ≥ 15% burns
* Previously enrolled in this study

Answer: D