Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Influence of Timing on Motor Learning
Brief Summary: The purpose of this research study is to compare different methods for training hand movement at home after stroke. This study involves research because it will test two experimental devices, the MusicGlove and the Resonating Arm Exerciser (RAE), compared to conventional hand and arm exercises. The MusicGlove is a glove that measures finger movements and allows its user to play a musical computer game using those movements. The RAE is a lever that attaches to a manual wheelchair with elastic bands and can be pushed back and forth to exercise the arm.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* First ever ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke or former stroke without any residual motor impairment
* 1 - 12 weeks post stroke
* Impaired arm motor function but some residual arm motor activity as defined by a score of less than 52 on Action Research Arm Test (ARAT), and the ability to execute at least 20 degrees of active shoulder extension and abduction against gravity.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe cognitive impairment defined as \< 20 on Mini Mental Status Examination
* Orthopedic impairment, limiting mobility substantially or causing pain
* Visual disorders limiting the ability to comply with treatment regimen - \< 18 years
* Unable to give informed consent
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 or more
* first-ever stroke (hemorrhagic or ischemic), verified by brain imaging
* stroke more than six months prior to the study
* termination of conventional therapy and stable recovery stage (outpatients)
* moderate to severe motor impairment of the arm (upper limb portion of FMA score between 8 and 38)
* ability to sit in a chair without any additional support and without leaning on the back rest
* written informed consent signed by the subject (or an authorized representative)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Excessive spasticity of the affected arm (mAS ≥ 3)
* any serious medical or psychiatric illness
* participation in any clinical investigation within 4 weeks prior to the start of this study
* anticipated need for any major surgery during the study
* women known to be pregnant or lactating
* Orthopedic, rheumatologic or other disease restricting movements of the paralyzed upper extremity
* shoulder subluxation (palpatory \> 2 fingers)
* diseased or damaged skin at the paralyzed arm
* inability to communicate effectively with the neurological examiner such that the validity of the patient's data could be compromised
* cyber sickness
* pace-maker or other implanted electric devices
* body weight \> 120kg
* serious cognitive deficits and aphasia preventing the performance of the ARMin treatment
* participation in any therapeutic treatment ("outside therapy") performed with the paralyzed arm during the planned study - including baseline and follow up.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. recent unilateral single stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) verified by brain CT or MRI;
2. sufficient cognitive and language skills to understand the instructions of the operator (assessed by Modified Mini-Mental State Examination \> 21);
3. patients with upper limb paralysis (Motor Power score between 8 and 12);
4. written informed consent signed by the patient (or an authorized representative).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. cardiovascular instability (severe uncontrolled hypertension, severe coronary artery disease, etc.) or orthopedic, or neurological conditions;
2. presence of multiple cerebrovascular lesions (usually the result of many ischemic episodes in the past);
3. early appearance of marked spasticity (≥ 3 according to Ashworth Scale);
4. joint pain or limited joint range of motion (ROM) of the upper limb that results in the inability to complete the protocol;
5. severe neuropsychologic impairment (global aphasia, severe attention deficit or neglect), affecting the patient's ability to follow instructions;
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 to 80 years of age
* Sustained a single stroke affecting the arm, at least three months prior to enrollment
* Minimal to moderate lost motor control of the arm after stroke
* No active major psychiatric problems, or neurological/orthopedic problems affecting the stroke-affected upper extremity
* No active major neurological disease other than the stroke
* Absence of pain in the stroke-affected upper extremity

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe tone at the affected upper extremity
* Severe aphasia
* Severe reduced level of consciousness
* Severe sensory/proprioception deficit at the affected upper extremity
* Currently pregnant
* Difficulty in understanding or complying with instructions
* Inability to perform the experimental task that will be studied
* Increased pain with movement of the stroke-affected upper extremity

Answer: D