Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Patient Navigation and Financial Incentives to Promote Smoking Cessation
Brief Summary: Cigarette smoking is a significant health threat. To eliminate disparities in cancer burden, smoking rates must be reduced among populations where smoking is disproportionately concentrated: those with low socioeconomic status (SES). The investigators will apply two methods that are being used in the field of health disparities to the challenge of promoting smoking cessation among low SES smokers. These include: 1) Patient navigation; patient navigators are often lay persons, working as paid employees, who guide patients through the health care system and 2) Financial incentives; investigators propose to provide monetary incentives: $250 for smoking cessation within 6 months after study enrollment, and $500 for an additional 6 months of abstinence after the initial cessation. The investigators will recruit/randomize 352 smokers to a randomized controlled trial comparing the combination of Patient Navigation (delivered over 6 months) and Financial Incentives versus Enhanced Traditional Care control condition (smoking cessation brochure/list of cessation resources). The RCT will take place among adult daily smokers seen in the past year at BMC primary care practices, with a primary outcome of smoking cessation at one year. Follow-up by telephone, for both groups, will occur 6, 12, and 18 months after enrollment.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria: Only women will participate in the proposed study, because the overarching aim is to develop efficacious treatments for smoking cessation and relapse prevention during pregnancy and early postpartum. All participants will be currently pregnant and report being smokers at the time of conception. Those in Study 1 will report continuing to smoke upon entering prenatal care. Those in Study 2 will report having already quit smoking upon entering prenatal care. Women must reside in the county in which the clinic is located, plan to reside in this geographical area through 6 months postpartum, be \< 25 weeks gestation, not be living in a group residence, English speaking, and not regularly receiving psychotropics other than antidepressants.

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Exclusion Criteria: Women receiving opioid substitution therapy will be excluded. In Vermont, minorities comprise 4% of the general population. There will be no exclusion criteria concerning race or ethnicity. In our studies during the prior funding period, approximately 5% of participants were minorities. We anticipate a similar sample in the proposed studies. We shall do all that we can to assure that minorities are included in the research.

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B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Current smoker of at least 10 cigarettes per week and at least 100 cigarettes over the course of a lifetime
* Residents of the study area in Nakhon Nayok province, which includes the six subdistricts of Klong Yai, Chumpon, Bueng San, Pak Phli, Khao Phoem, or Ongkharak

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant
* Plans to leave the study area within the next 12 months
C: Inclusion Criteria:

(1) age ≥ 18; (2) smoked ≥10 cigarettes/day in the past week; (3) have a scheduled visit with a PCP at BMC on the day of enrollment or within the next six months; (4) telephone access (5) English speaking; (6) plan on quitting smoking within the next six months; (7) able and willing to participate in the study protocol and provide informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

(1) planning to move out of the area within the next six months; (2) cognitive impairments that preclude participation in study activities; (3) severe illness or distress; (4) inability to read/understand English; (5) actively using evidence-based smoking cessation treatment; (6) transient residence or lack of a telephone for follow-up assessments.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Vitality beneficiary
* 18 years or older
* reported and/or tested positive for being a smoker
* all participants will be able to opt-out of this program.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Participants who express wanting to opt-out of this program will be un-enrolled and excluded

Answer: C