Please select the outcome measures that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Efficacy of Acupuncture Therapy Versus Sham Acupuncture on Knee Osteoarthritis: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Knee osteoarthritis (KOA), also called degenerative knee disease, is one of the most common bone and joint diseases in clinic. It was estimated to affect more than 9 million individuals in the United States in 2005 and is a leading cause of disability and medical costs. Most elderly people over the age of 65 have radiographic and/or clinical evidence of osteoarthritis. KOA is a lifelong disease which can lead to obvious pain, joint stiffness, limitation of activity and even joint failure or disability. Acupuncture is a popular treatment taken from ancient Chinese medicine, in which fine needles are placed into the body at specific points. Studies have shown that acupuncture can stimulate nerves under the skin, causing the body to produce natural pain-relieving substances (endorphins). However the evidences of acupuncture for KOA are contradictory. According to the review, intensive acupuncture with three sessions a week is more effective for KOA than sparse acupuncture with one session a week. Moreover, the papers published in the past years suggest that manual acupuncture and electro-acupuncture are most commonly used acupuncture therapy for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of intensive electro-acupuncture or manual acupuncture versus sham acupuncture in reducing pain and improving function in patients with KOA.


Options:
A: Patient Global Impression of Change for Knee Pain (Assessed after the 8-16 week intervention)
B: Response rate (8 weeks)
C: The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (Change from Baseline in Visual Analog Scale at Immediate post-intervention); The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) (Change from Baseline in Visual Analog Scale at 2 days); Western Ontario and McMaster Universities (WOMAC) Index (Change from Baseline in WOMAC at 2 days); Self-Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and signs (S-LANSS) Scale (At Baseline); Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) (Change from Baseline in PPT at Immediate post-intervention); Pressure Pain Threshold (PPT) (Change from Baseline in PPT at 2 days); Thermal Perception and Pain Thresholds (Change from Baseline in Thermal Perception and Pain Thresholds at Immediate post-intervention); Thermal Perception and Pain Thresholds (Change from Baseline in Thermal Perception and Pain Thresholds at 2 days); Hand-Held Dynamometer (Change from Baseline in Hand-Held Dynamometer at Immediate post-intervention); Hand-Held Dynamometer (Change from Baseline in Hand-Held Dynamometer at 2 days); Standard Goniometer (Change from Baseline in Standard Goniometer at Immediate post-intervention); Standard Goniometer (Change from Baseline in Standard Goniometer at 2 days); Three-meter Timed "Up and Go" (Change from Baseline in Three-meter Timed "Up and Go" at Immediate post-intervention); Three-meter Timed "Up and Go" (Change from Baseline in Three-meter Timed "Up and Go" at 2 days)
D: Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) (Time 0 - baseline); Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) (Time 1 - after 10min of the baseline); Numerical Pain Rating Scale (NPRS) (Time 2 - after 72 hours of baseline)

Answer: B