Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomised Occlusion Treatment of Amblyopia Study (ROTAS): Trial of Maximal Vs Substantial Doses of Occlusion to Evaluate Visual Outcome for Children With Amblyopia
Brief Summary: Amblyopia ('lazy eye') is the commonest visual disorder of childhood and is caused by an interruption to visual development. Occlusion of the better eye by patching is the mainstay of treatment, so forcing use, of the affected eye. We have little understanding of how much treatment is required for improvement, so occlusion may continue for many months. This is both demanding for the child and family as a whole. Treatment outcome is frequently unsatisfactory. Compliance is often poor, thus we do not know precisely how much treatment the child actually receives or how much is required.

To overcome this, we have designed an instrument that permits us to measure occlusion: an occlusion dose monitor (ODM) which provides an objective record of how much occlusion a child actually receives. Recently we have observed that 75% of improvement induced by occlusion occurs in the first four weeks of treatment. In this study we explore the possibility that by intensive treatment the period of amblyopia therapy can be shortened - i.e. treatment will be more efficient, more effective, and more 'family-friendly'. The study hypothesis is that 12 hours/day of patching is more effective than 6 hours/day.


Options:
A: Inclusion criteria:

* Diagnosis of Anisometropic, Strabismic or Mixed Amblyopia as made by an Orthoptist
* Male or Female
* Aged 4 - 8 years inclusive.
* Participant's parent or guardian is willing and able to give informed consent for participation in the study

Exclusion criteria:

* Stimulus deprivation amblyopia.
* Organic lesions of the eye preventing the establishment of good vision (e.g. media opacities, abnormalities in the fundus or optic nerve).
* Lesions of the brain preventing the establishment of good vision (e.g. cortical visual impairment).
* Patients diagnosed with Photosensitive Epilepsy
* Patients diagnosed with or suspected of having Conjunctivitis
* Loss of suppression at filter 4 or less as measured with the Sbisa Bar
* Establishment of normal vision by refractive adaptation (wearing glasses after presentation).
* Inability to comply with the follow up visits required
* Refusal to accept randomisation
* Have participated in a previous study examining I-BiT treatment
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* BCVA \<= 0.3 LogMAR

Exclusion Criteria:

* Organic Amblyopia
* Age less than 4 years
* Nystagmus
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 4 to \<13 years
2. Amblyopia associated with strabismus, anisometropia, or both (previously treated or untreated)

   1. Criteria for strabismic amblyopia: At least one of the following must be met:

      * Presence of a heterotropia on examination at distance or near fixation (with or without optical correction, must be no more than 5pd by SPCT at near fixation (see #6 below)
      * Documented history of strabismus which is no longer present (which in the judgment of the investigator could have caused amblyopia)
   2. Criteria for anisometropia: At least one of the following criteria must be met:

      * ≥1.00 D difference between eyes in spherical equivalent
      * ≥1.50 D difference in astigmatism between corresponding meridians in the two eyes
   3. Criteria for combined-mechanism amblyopia: Both of the following criteria must be met:

      * Criteria for strabismus are met (see above)
      * ≥1.00 D difference between eyes in spherical equivalent OR ≥1.50 D difference in astigmatism between corresponding meridians in the two eyes
3. No amblyopia treatment other than optical correction in the past 2 weeks (patching, atropine, Bangerter, vision therapy, binocular treatment)
4. Requirements for required refractive error correction (based on a cycloplegic refraction completed within the last 7 months):

   * Hypermetropia of 2.50 D or more by spherical equivalent (SE)
   * Myopia of amblyopic eye of 0.50D or more SE
   * Astigmatism of 1.00D or more
   * Anisometropia of more than 0.50D SE

   NOTE: Subjects with cycloplegic refractive errors that do not fall within the requirements above for spectacle correction may be given spectacles at investigator discretion but must follow the study-specified prescribing guidelines, as detailed below.
   1. Spectacle prescribing instructions referenced to the cycloplegic refraction completed within the last 7 months:

      * SE must be within 0.50D of fully correcting the anisometropia.
      * SE must not be under corrected by more than 1.50D SE, and reduction in plus sphere must be symmetric in the two eyes.
      * Cylinder power in both eyes must be within 0.50D of fully correcting the astigmatism.
      * Axis must be within +/- 10 degrees if cylinder power is ≤1.00D, and within +/- 5 degrees if cylinder power is \>1.00D.
      * Myopia must not be undercorrected by more than 0.25D or over corrected by more than 0.50D SE, and any change must be symmetrical in the two eyes.
   2. Spectacle correction meeting the above criteria must be worn:

      * For at least 16 weeks OR until VA stability is documented (defined as \<0.1 logMAR change by the same testing method measured on 2 consecutive exams at least 8 weeks apart).
      * For determining VA stability (non-improvement):

        * The first of two measurements may be made 1) in current spectacles, or 2) in trial frames with or without cycloplegia or 3) without correction (if new correction is prescribed),
        * The second measurement must be made without cycloplegia in the correct spectacles that have been worn for at least 8 weeks.
        * Note: since this determination is a pre-study procedure, the method of measuring VA is not mandated.
5. VA, measured in each eye without cycloplegia in current spectacle correction (if applicable) within 7 days prior to randomization using the ATS-HOTV VA protocol for children \< 7 years and the E-ETDRS VA protocol for children ≥ 7 years on a study-approved device displaying single surrounded optotypes, as follows:

   1. VA in the amblyopic eye 20/40 to 20/200 inclusive (ATS-HOTV) or 33 to 72 letters (E-ETDRS)
   2. VA in the fellow eye 20/25 or better (ATS-HOTV) or ≥ 78 letters (E-ETDRS)
   3. Interocular difference ≥ 3 logMAR lines (ATS-HOTV) or ≥ 15 letters (E-ETDRS)
6. Heterotropia with a near deviation of ≤ 5∆ (measured by SPCT) in habitual correction (Angles of ocular deviation \>5∆ are not allowed because large magnitudes of the deviation would compromise successful playing of the game.)
7. Subject is able to play the Dig Rush game (at least level 3) on the study iPad under binocular conditions (with red-green glasses). Subject must be able to see both the red "diggers" and blue "gold carts" when contrast for the non-amblyopic eye is at 20%.
8. Investigator is willing to prescribe computer game play, or continued spectacle wear per protocol.
9. Parent understands the protocol and is willing to accept randomization.
10. Parent has phone (or access to phone) and is willing to be contacted by Jaeb Center staff or other study staff.
11. Relocation outside of area of an active PEDIG site for this study within the next 8 weeks is not anticipated.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prism in the spectacle correction at time of enrollment (eligible only if prism is discontinued 2 weeks prior to enrollment).
2. Myopia greater than -6.00D spherical equivalent in either eye.
3. Previous intraocular or refractive surgery.
4. Any treatment for amblyopia (patching, atropine, Bangerter filter, vision therapy or previous binocular treatment) during the past 2 weeks. Previous amblyopia therapy is allowed regardless of type, but must be discontinued at least 2 weeks prior to enrollment.
5. Ocular co-morbidity that may reduce VA determined by an ocular examination performed within the past 7 months (Note: nystagmus per se does not exclude the subject if the above VA criteria are met).
6. No Down syndrome or cerebral palsy
7. No severe developmental delay that would interfere with treatment or evaluation (in the opinion of the investigator). Subjects with mild speech delay or reading and/or learning disabilities are not excluded.
8. Subject has demonstrated previous low compliance with binocular treatment and/or spectacle treatment (as assessed informally by the investigator)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* 3 to 8 years of age;
* Presence of anisometropia and/or strabismus;
* inter-ocular acuity difference of at least 0.1 logMAR
* parental consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* history of previous occlusion therapy
* ocular pathology
* learning difficulties

Answer: D