Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A European, Prospective, Multi-Center, Double-Blind, Randomized, Controlled, Clinical Trial Investigating the Effects of High Frequency Wireless Spinal Cord Stimulation (SCS) Over Exiting Nerve Roots in the Treatment of Chronic Back Pain
Brief Summary: Prospective, double blinded, randomized, clinical study investigating the effects of high frequency SCS over exiting nerve roots at T9 for the treatment of chronic back or back and leg pain.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* signed informed consent
* treated with spinal cord stimulation
* stable pain relief achieved

Exclusion Criteria:

* failure to give informed consent
* unable to use or understand how to handle the equipment, PGIC,VAS score or EQ-5D questionnaires.
B: Inclusion criteria

* Subject is ≥ 18 years of age at time of informed consent;
* Subjects have been diagnosed with predominant, chronic, intractable back pain with a VAS \> 50 mm (on a 100-mm scale);
* Subjects have been diagnosed with predominant, chronic, intractable back pain for at least 6 months before study participation;
* Based on the medical opinion of the Principal Investigator, subject has a stable pain medication regiment;
* Based on the medical opinion of the Principal Investigator, there is no evidence of anatomic abnormalities that could jeopardize the placement of the device or pose a hazard to the subject;
* Subject is willing to undergo surgical implant procedure, attend visits as scheduled, and comply with the study requirements;
* Subject is willing and able to operate the patient programmer, recharging equipment and has the ability to undergo study assessments and provide accurate responses;
* Based on the opinion of the implanter, subject is a good surgical candidate for the implant procedure;
* Subject is male or non-pregnant female;
* Subject is deemed to be neuro-psycho-socially appropriate for implantation therapies based of the assessment of a clinical psychologist and principal investigator, using face-to-face encounters and the psychological testing described in the measures;
* Patient is capable of giving informed consent.

Exclusion criteria

* Obvious mechanical instability related to pain (diagnosed by imaging taken within the past 6 months);
* Unresolved malignancies in the last six months;
* Subject has post-herpetic neuralgia (shingles);
* Subject has an active systemic infection or is immune-compromised;
* Based on the medical opinion of the Principal Investigator the subject has other psychological conditions (e.g., psychosis, suicidal ideation, borderline personality disorder, somatization, narcissism), other health conditions (e.g., substance abuse, another chronic condition requiring the regular use of opioid medication), or other legal concerns that would preclude his/her enrollment in the study or potentially confound the results of the study;
* Subject is currently enrolled in or plans to enroll in any concurrent drug and/or device study while participating in this study;
* Insulin-dependent diabetic who is not controlled through diet and/or medication (determined by the physician) or non-insulin dependent diabetic who is not well controlled through diet and/or medication;
* Bleeding complications or coagulopathy issues;
* Pregnant/lactating or not using adequate birth control;
* A life expectancy of less than one year;
* Any active implanted device whether turned off or on;
* A previous SCS experience;
* Conditions requiring Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) evaluation or diathermy procedures.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* At least 18 years old at the time of informed consent
* Willing and able to provide a signed and dated informed consent
* Capable of comprehending and consenting in English
* Willing and able to comply with all study procedures, study visits, and be available for the duration of the study
* On a stable dose (no new, discontinued or changes in) of all prescribed pain medications and willing/able to maintain or only decrease the dose of all prescribed pain medications
* Tried appropriate conventional medical management for their pain
* Not indicated for additional surgical treatment in the opinion of the referring physician or spinal surgeon
* Undergone previous spinal surgery
* Diagnosed with FBSS with appropriate pain score
* Primary pain at appropriate spinal level

Exclusion Criteria:

* Has an active implanted device, whether turned on or off
* Displays current signs of a systemic infection
* Pregnant or lactating, inadequate birth control, or the possibility of pregnancy during the study
* Has untreated major psychiatric comorbidity
* Has serious drug-related behavioral issues
* Has neurological abnormalities unrelated to Failed Back Surgery Syndrome
* Diagnosed with Raynaud disease
* Diagnosed with Fibromyalgia
* Has any active malignancy or has been diagnosed with cancer and has not been in remission for at least 1 year prior to screening
* Has secondary gains which, in the opinion of the investigator, are likely to interfere with the study
* Participating or planning to participate in another clinical trial
* Has characteristics/limits of household or close contacts involved in study (eg, family member already a study participant where blind could be broken)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 18 years or ≤ 80 years.
* Subject has FBSS and does not require further surgery. For the purposes of this study, FBSS is defined as persistent or recurrent low back and leg pain of at least 6 months duration following at least one decompression and/or fusion procedure.
* Subject has persistent low back and leg pain despite other treatment modalities (pharmacological, surgical, physical, or psychological therapies) that have been tried and did not prove satisfactory or are unsuitable or contraindicated for the subject.
* Average global pain is ≥ 50 mm as assessed by the baseline VAS.
* With significant back, with mean intensity on a back pain VAS ≥ 50 mm (mean daily VAS score calculated on 5 consecutive days).
* Meeting the criteria for spinal cord stimulation test according to HAS guidelines (multidisciplinary consultation, psychological assessment, etc.).
* Subject is a candidate for SCS.
* Absence of active psychosis or history of serious psychotic illness requiring hospitalisation.
* Understands and accepts the constraints of the study.
* Free subject, not under temporary or permanent guardianship and not subject to subordination.
* Patients covered by French national health insurance.
* Patients who have given their written consent to the study after having received clear information.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age \< 18 years or \> 80 years
* Subject is or has been treated with SCS, subcutaneous or peripheral nerve stimulation, an intrathecal drug delivery system, requires back surgery at the location related to his/her original back pain complaint or experimental therapies.
* Cause of low back pain accessible to etiological "mechanical" surgical treatment (discogenic low back pain, vertebral instability, spinal deformity, etc.).
* Subject had most recent back surgery less than 6 months ago.
* Presenting a surgical, anaesthetic or psychiatric contraindication to implantation of a spinal cord stimulation system.
* Based on the opinion of the principal or sub-investigator, the subject is unable to operate the SCS equipment.
* Subject has a life expectancy of less than 24 months beyond study enrolment.
* Absence of signature of the informed consent form.
* Patients not covered by French national health insurance.
* Subjects requiring closer protection, i.e. minors, pregnant women, nursing mothers, subjects deprived of their freedom by a court or administrative decision, subjects admitted to a health or social welfare establishment, major subjects under legal protection, and finally patients in an emergency setting.
* Pregnant women, nursing mothers, women of childbearing potential not using effective contraception (hormonal/barrier: oral, parenteral, percutaneous, implantable, intrauterine device, or surgical: tubal ligation, hysterectomy, total ovariectomy).

Answer: B