Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Optimization of Intravenous Ketamine for Treatment-Resistant Depression: A Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Triple-masked, Clinical Trial
Brief Summary: Existing treatments for major depressive disorder (MDD) generally take weeks to months to exert their maximal benefit. There is an urgent need to develop rapid-acting treatments for MDD. Ketamine, a high-affinity N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist, has been used as a standard intravenous (IV) anesthetic agent for many years in both pediatric and adult patients. Beyond its well-established role in anesthesia and pain management, there is emerging evidence that ketamine may have rapid antidepressant properties for patients with severe mood disorders.

In this study we are investigating whether ketamine can have an antidepressant effect compared to midazolam. Midazolam has similar anesthetic effects compared to ketamine but has not been shown to be an antidepressant, and is therefore acting as an active control in this study.

The study period can last up to 8 weeks, depending on your response to the study medication. There are two required overnight stays in our Research Commons as part of this study.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Esketamine low dose; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Esketamine DPI - low dose | Arm Label: Esketamine medium dose; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Esketamine DPI - medium dose | Arm Label: Esketamine high dose; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Esketamine DPI - high dose | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo DPI | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Esketamine DPI - low dose; Assigned to Arm(s): Esketamine low dose | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Esketamine DPI - medium dose; Assigned to Arm(s): Esketamine medium dose | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Esketamine DPI - high dose; Assigned to Arm(s): Esketamine high dose | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo DPI; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
B: Arm Label: Ketamine 0.1mg; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Ketamine | Arm Label: Ketamine 0.2mg; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Ketamine | Arm Label: Ketamine 0.5mg; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Ketamine | Arm Label: Ketamine 1.0mg; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Ketamine | Arm Label: Midazolam (Active Placebo); Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo Midazolam | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ketamine; Assigned to Arm(s): Ketamine 0.1mg | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ketamine; Assigned to Arm(s): Ketamine 0.2mg | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ketamine; Assigned to Arm(s): Ketamine 0.5mg | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ketamine; Assigned to Arm(s): Ketamine 1.0mg | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo Midazolam; Assigned to Arm(s): Midazolam (Active Placebo)
C: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: AZD6765; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
D: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Ketamine | Arm Label: 2; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Midazolam | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ketamine; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Midazolam; Assigned to Arm(s): 2

Answer: D