Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Psychological Intervention for Persons at Risk of Psychosis in the Early Initial Prodromal State
Brief Summary: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to develop a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for persons with at risk mental states in the early initial prodromal state and to evaluate CBT in comparison to supportive counselling (SC).It is hypothesized that CBT is more effective than SC on transition to subthreshold psychosis, psychosis and schizophrenia as well as on prodromal symptoms and social adjustment.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age between 12 years, 0 months and 35 years, 11 months
* Speaks and writes English
* Availability of at least one family member for treatment
* Meets criteria for one of three prodromal syndromes as assessed by the

Structured Interview for Prodromal Syndromes:

1. attenuated positive symptoms that are sub-psychotic in duration and intensity and have begun or worsened in the past year;
2. brief intermittent psychosis, defined as or syndromal psychotic symptoms that are have been present intermittently with onset in the previous 3 months; or
3. genetic risk and deterioration, defined as a diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder or having a first degree relative with a psychotic disorder, plus having experienced a substantial decline (30% or greater) in Global Assessment of Functioning scores in the last year.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
* Pervasive developmental disorders
* Current substance or alcohol dependence
* Neurological disorders
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. General criteria

   * Age between 17 and 36 years
   * male or female, in- or outpatients
   * written informed consent, for patients below 18 years also signed by their parents
2. Special criteria (presented within the last three months prior to the study)

   1. Self-experienced neuropsychological deficits (basic symptoms)

      * Thought interferences
      * Compulsory like perseverance of thoughts
      * Thought pressure
      * Thought blockages
      * Disturbances of receptive language, either heard or read
      * Decreased ability to discriminate between ideas and perception, fantasy and true memories
      * Unstable ideas of reference (subject-centrism)
      * Derealisation
      * Visual perceptual disturbances (blurred vision, transitory blindness, partial seeing, hypersensitivity of light, etc..)
      * Acoustic perceptual disturbances (hypersensitivity to sounds or noise (hypersensitivity to sounds or noise, acoasms, etc.) AND/OR
   2. Reduction in the Global Assessment of Functioning Score (DSM IV) of at least 30 points (within the past year) and at least one of the following risk factors:

      * First-degree relative with a lifetime-diagnosis of schizophrenia or
      * a schizophrenia spectrum disorder
      * Pre-or perinatal complications

Exclusion Criteria:

* Attenuated or transient positive symptomes
* Present or past diagnosis of a schizophrenic, schizophreniform, schizoaffective, delusional or bipolar according to DSM IV
* Present or past diagnosis a brief psychotic disorder according to DSM IV with a duration of more than one week or within the last 4 weeks regardless of its duration
* Diagnosis of delirium, dementia, amnestic or other cognitive disorder, mental retardation psychiatric disorder due to a somatic factor or related to the consumption of psychotropic substances according DSM IV
* Alcohol- or drug abuse within the last three months prior to inclusion according to DSM IV
* Deases of the central nervous system (inflammatory, traumatic, epilepsy etc.)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* age between 12 and 18 years
* a DSM-IV-TR schizophrenia-type disorder (schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder), with onset before the age of 17
* being clinically and pharmacologically stabilized during the last 6 weeks before the baseline assessment
* the estimation of not modifying pharmacological antipsychotic treatment
* presence of cognitive deficit confirmed by the neuropsychological battery

Exclusion Criteria:

* IQ below 70
* presence of an active misuse disorder
* presence of organic brain syndromes or neurological disorders
* having received electroconvulsive therapy in the previous 6 months
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects will be eligible for study enrollment if they: are adolescents between the ages of 13 and 17 years
* have a confirmed diagnosis of schizophrenia and are suffering from an acute episode
* provide their assent and parental informed consent to participate
* are otherwise relatively healthy on the basis of a medical and physical examination
* and are able to be in-patients for approximately 2 weeks.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects will be excluded from the study if they: meet the criteria for psychiatric disorders other than schizophrenia
* have moderate or severe mental retardation
* fail to respond to treatment with at least two typical or atypical antipsychotics
* have a history of substance dependence within the 3 months before screening
* are considered at risk for suicidal or violent behavior
* have a seizure disorder
* have a history of neuroleptic malignant syndrome, similar encephalopathic syndrome, or tardive dyskinesia
* or receive prohibited medication within a specified period before screening.

Answer: B