Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Analysis of the Directional Spread of Geographic Atrophy (GA) in Patients With Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)
Brief Summary: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in industrial countries. In the late stages of the disease, neovascular changes or the development of geographic atrophy (GA) may induce severe visual loss. GA is characterized by the development of areas of outer retinal atrophy with continuous spread over time that is corresponded to an visual field defect for the patient. The pathogenesis is still incompletely understood. Despite the break-through in the treatment of neovascular AMD by intravitreally administrated vascular endothelial growths factor (VEGF) inhibitors, there is yet no treatment available to slow down or halt the disease process in GA. We and others have demonstrated that the total GA area progression shows large differences between patients. Potential factors influencing differential progression have been intensely studied: While neither systemic nor genetic factors have been shown to influence GA progression, ocular characteristics such as GA baseline size or phenotypic features of fundus autofluorescence (FAF) abnormalities have been identified as risk characteristics for increased GA progression. While these previous studies have mainly focused on the characterization of total GA area progression, topographic directional spread has not been analyzed and relevant predictive markers are yet unknown. There may be large differences in the local GA progression. The primary objective of this study is to identify specific characteristics, for the local GA progression. The knowledge of such risk factors may help to better understand the pathogenesis of GA. The identification of predictive markers will allow for better prognostic assessment of the individual disease process. The DSGA study is the extension trial of the FAM (Fundus Autofluorescence in Age-related Macular Degeneration) study (NCT00393692).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Informed consent
* Men and women, any race, aged 55 years or older at the baseline visit
* If both eyes meet the criteria to be study eye either eye will be included into the analysis.
* Patient is willing to undergo ocular examinations once every 6 for up to 24 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* The presence or history of CNV (choroidal neovascular membrane) in the study eye
* Ocular disease in the study eye that may confound assessment of the retina, other than non-exudative AMD (e.g., diabetic retinopathy, uveitis)
* Any systemic disease with a limited survival prognosis (e.g., cancer, severe/unstable cardiovascular disease).
* Any condition that would make adherence to the examination schedule of once every 6 months for up to 24 months difficult or unlikely, e.g., personality disorder, chronic alcoholism, Alzheimer's Disease or drug abuse
* Known medical history of allergy or sensitivity to tropicamide or fluorescein dye that is clinically relevant in the investigator's opinion
B: Group B: Patients with evidence of large hemorrhages from subfoveal neovascular AMD lesions, visual acuity (SST protocol) of 20/100 to light perception, with the area of hemorrhage larger than the area of fluorescein angiographically visible CNV, with any visible CNV less than or equal to 9 MPS disc areas, and ability to return for 4 years of follow-up may be eligible for the Group B (Blood) protocol.

Group N: Patients with new CNV (no prior laser) due to AMD, visual acuity (SST protocol) of 20/100 to 20/800, fluorescein angiographic evidence of subfoveal CNV lesion which is less than or equal to 9 MPS disc areas, and ability to return for 4 years of follow-up may be eligible for the Group N (New CNV) protocol.

Group H: Patients with evidence of CNV due to OHS or idiopathic cause, visual acuity (SST protocol) 20/50 to 20/800, fluorescein angiographic evidence of subfoveal CNV lesion (new or recurrent) which is \< 9 MPS disc areas, and ability to return for 4 years of follow-up may be eligible for inclusion in the Group H (Histoplasmosis/Idiopathic CNV) protocol. Exclusion criteria include other ocular diseases compromising vision, history of submacular surgery in the study eye, history of subfoveal laser photocoagulation that extends under the foveal avascular zone, recent intraocular surgery, or previous investigational therapy for CNV.
C: Inclusion Criteria: Unless specified otherwise, ocular specific inclusion criteria apply to the study eye only.

1. Male or Female.
2. Age greater than or equal to 50 years.
3. BCVA of 20/320 (Snellen equivalent) or better using ETDRS charts.
4. Diagnosis of GA of the macula secondary to age-related macular degeneration, confirmed within 14 days prior to randomization by the central reading center (CRC) using Fundus Autofluorescence (FAF) images, as well as the following criteria:

   1. Total GA area must be ≥ 2.5 and ≤ 17.5 mm2 (1 and 7 disk areas \[DA\] respectively), determined by screening images of FAF.
   2. If GA is multifocal, at least one focal lesion must be ≥ 1.25 mm2 (0.5 DA).
   3. GA can be completely visualized on the macula centered image.
   4. GA must be able to be photographed in its entirety.
   5. GA must be able to be measured separately from any areas of peripapillary atrophy as assessed by the CRC.
   6. Presence of any pattern of hyperautofluorescence in the junctional zone of GA. Absence of hyperautoflouorescence (i.e. pattern = none) is exclusionary. See Holz et al. 2007.1
5. Female subjects must be:

   1. Women of non-child-bearing potential (WONCBP), or
   2. Women of child-bearing potential (WOCBP) with a negative pregnancy test at screening and must agree to use protocol defined methods of contraception for the duration of the study.
6. Males with female partners of child-bearing potential must agree to use protocol defined methods of contraception and agree to refrain from donating sperm for the duration of the study.
7. Willing and able to give informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria: Unless specified otherwise, ocular specific inclusion criteria apply to the study eye only.

1. GA due to causes other than AMD such as Stargardt disease, cone rod dystrophy or toxic maculopathies like plaquenil maculopathy.
2. Spherical equivalent of the refractive error demonstrating \> 6 diopters of myopia or an axial length \>26 mm.
3. Any history or current evidence of exudative ("wet") AMD including any evidence of retinal pigment epithelium rips or evidence of neovascularization anywhere in the retina based on fluorescein angiogram as assessed by the CRC.
4. Retinal disease other than AMD; however, benign conditions of the vitreous or peripheral retina are not exclusionary (i.e. pavingstone degeneration).
5. Any ophthalmologic condition that reduces the clarity of the media and that, in the opinion of the Investigator interferes with ophthalmologic examination (e.g. advanced cataract or corneal abnormalities).
6. Any ophthalmologic condition that prevents adequate imaging of the retina judged by the site or CRC.
7. Intraocular surgery (including lens replacement surgery) within 3 months prior to randomization.
8. Aphakia or absence of the posterior capsule. Previous violation of the posterior capsule is also excluded unless it occurred as a result of yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) laser posterior capsulotomy in association with prior posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and at least 60 days prior to Day 0.
9. Any ophthalmic condition that may require surgery during the study period.
10. Any contraindication to IVT injection including current ocular or periocular infection.
11. History of uveitis or endophthalmitis.
12. History of IVT injection at any time.
13. Participation in another interventional clinical study, or use of any experimental treatment for AMD or any other investigational new drug within 6 weeks or 5 half-lives of the active (whichever is longer) prior to the start of study treatment. Note: clinical trials solely involving observation, over-the-counter vitamins, supplements, or diets are not exclusionary.
14. Medical or psychiatric conditions that, in the opinion of the investigator, make consistent follow-up over the treatment period unlikely, or in general a poor medical risk because of other systemic diseases or active uncontrolled infections.
15. Any screening laboratory value (hematology, serum chemistry or urinalysis) that in the opinion of the Investigator is clinically significant and not suitable for study participation.
16. Hypersensitivity to fluorescein.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Influenza season declared
* Subjects aged\>18 years presenting within 36h documented of onset influenza illness
* Who have fever \>38°C
* who present at least on of the following respiratory symptoms( cough, sore throat, nasal symptoms)
* and one of the following constitutional symptoms(headache, myalgia, sweats and or chills or fatigue)
* positive rapid diagnostic test for influenza A
* who have giving written informed consent prior to enrollment
* Patient examined before the inclusion
* able to complete a questionnaire.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Influenza Vaccination in the 12 months prior the beginning of the study
* Patient unable to use diskhaler of Zanamivir
* Asthma, Chronic bronchitis,
* Woman with a positive urine pregnancy test
* Clearance of creatinine\< 30 ml/min Chronic renal disease
* History of depression, psychiatric disorders
* oseltamivir or zanamivir hypersensibility
* patient treated by oseltamivir or zanamivir or amantadine 14 days before
* Non member of the social security or CMU

Answer: A