Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Efficacy of Exercise in Promotion Cognitive-psychosocial Functions in Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving Androgen Depletion Therapy
Brief Summary: The objective of the proposed research is to determine the efficacy of a home-based walking exercise program in promoting cognitive-psychosocial functions of men with prostate cancer receiving androgen depletion therapy (ADT). ADT is the mainstay treatment for men with advanced prostate cancer. However, ADT has a number of side effects including compromised cognitive function, depression and anxiety, which negatively impacts the quality of life of men with prostate cancer. The central question of the proposed research is to determine if exercise will have a positive impact on the quality of life of men with prostate cancer undergoing ADT.

Hypothesis:


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Postmenopausal women (defined as the surgical or natural absence of menstrual cycles for at least 1 year prior to breast cancer diagnosis).
* 75 years or younger
* AJCC Stages I-IIIC Breast Cancer
* Taking an AI for at least 2 months
* Currently experiencing at least mild arthralgia (= or \> 3 on the BPI) associated with AI use
* Physically able to exercise and physician consent to start an exercise program
* Sedentary activity pattern (\< 90 mins/week of moderate-to-vigorous intensity sports activity) within the past year and low fitness level
* No more than one strength training session per week within the past year
* Agrees to be randomly assigned to either exercise or attention control
* Gives informed consent to participate in all study activities
* Able to come for baseline, 6-, and 12-month clinic visits and strength training sessions (6-month intervention study - able to come for baseline, 6-month clinic visits and strength training sessions).
* Mentally competent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lymphedema with self reported 'flare up' in the past 4 months
B: DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

* Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma (small cell acinar type) of the prostate

  * Has undergone an extended pattern biopsy (defined as 8+ cores) within the past 2 years OR is scheduled to undergo an extended pattern clinical biopsy within 6 weeks of starting study intervention and is willing to undergo 4 additional research core biopsies
  * No more than 33% of biopsy cores positive (\> 33% of biopsy cores positive allowed if due to microfoci of adenocarcinoma)
  * No more than 50% of the length of a tumor core involved by carcinoma
* Clinical stage T1 or T2a disease
* Previously untreated disease
* Gleason score ≤ 6 with no pattern 4 or 5 histology (Gleason pattern 4 seen as a microfocus \[\< 2 mm in length\] allowed)
* Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≤ 10.0 ng/mL (PSA \< 15 ng/mL allowed for patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia or prostatitis)

  * Must have had 3 serum PSA levels performed ≥ 2 weeks apart over the past year to allow calculation of a PSA doubling time

    * No PSA doubling time of \< 3 months
* Has chosen watchful waiting as treatment

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

* ECOG performance status 0-2
* Life expectancy \> 3 months
* Living in the greater San Francisco Bay Area
* Willing to make comprehensive lifestyle changes
* Baseline dietary fat intake ≥ 15%
* Able to participate in the exercise portion of this study, as determined by the cardiologist or primary care physician
* No limited exercise tolerance precluding participation in the lifestyle intervention component of this study
* No comprehensive lifestyle change similar to the lifestyle intervention used in this study
* No concurrent uncontrolled illness including, but not limited to, any of the following:

  * Ongoing or active infection
  * Symptomatic congestive heart failure
  * Unstable angina pectoris
  * Coronary artery disease requiring a revascularization procedure
  * Cardiac arrhythmia
  * Psychiatric illness/social situation that would limit compliance with study requirements

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

* No prior or other concurrent treatment for prostate cancer, including any of the following:

  * Surgery
  * Radiotherapy
  * Hormonal therapy (e.g., leuprolide acetate, bicalutamide, flutamide, goserelin, megestrol acetate, nilutamide, or DES/estrogen)
  * Chemotherapy
  * PC-SPES
  * Investigational agents
* More than 4 weeks since prior and no concurrent finasteride or dutasteride
* More than 4 weeks since prior and no concurrent saw palmetto or any other herbal/nutritional preparation that would affect hormone levels
* More than 4 weeks since prior multivitamin/mineral and/or supplemental soy protein, vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium, fish oil, or any other preparation intended to supplement levels of omega-3 unsaturated fatty acids
* More than 1 month since prior and no concurrent NSAIDs, COX-2-inhibitors, and/or aspirin used for \> 7 consecutive days
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* men aged 50 or older
* diagnosed with adenocarcinoma prostate cancer
* will initiate and receive continuous ADT (LHRH or combination of LHRH and anti-androgen for at least 6 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* severe cardiac disease (New York Heart Association class III or greater)
* angina
* severe osteoporosis
* uncontrolled hypertension
* orthostastic blood pressure drop \> 20mm Hg
* moderate to severe aortic stenosis
* acute illness or fever
* uncontrolled atrial or ventricular dysrhythmias
* uncontrolled sinus tachycardia (\> 120 beats per minute)
* uncontrolled congestive heart failure
* third-degree atrio-ventricular heart block
* active pericarditis or myocarditis
* recent embolism, thrombophlebitis
* deep vein thrombosis, resting ST displacement
* uncontrolled diabetes
* uncontrolled pain
* cognitive impairment
* history of falls due to balance impairment or lost of consciousness
* severe neuromusculoskeletal conditions that limit their ability to perform walking exercise
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Women aged 20 years and older
2. Histologically confirmed stage 0 to III breast cancer who received curative breast cancer surgery within 12 months since completion of primary cancer treatment and 2 years since diagnosis
3. Serum platelet ≥ 100,000/mm3
4. Serum hemoglobin ≥ 10g/dl
5. Not met one or more behavior goals: i) energy expenditure of aerobic exercise ≥ 12.5 kcal/kg/week; ii) intake of vegetables except kimchi ≥ 5 serv/day and intake of fruit 1-2 serv/day; iii) maintenance of healthy weight (18.5 kg/m2 ≤ BMI \< 23 kg/m2)
6. Ability to use internet, and being accessible internet at home
7. Mobile phone user
8. Consent form to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Currently receiving any cancer treatment
2. Conditions that could limit adherence to an unsupervised exercise program such as uncontrolled congestive heart failure or angina, recent myocardial infarction, or breathing difficulties requiring oxygen use or hospitalization; walker or wheelchair use; or plans to have hip or knee replacement
3. Conditions that could interfere with a high vegetable and fruit diet, such as kidney failure or chronic warfarin use
4. Progressive malignant disease or additional primary cancers
5. Infectious condition (body temperature ≥ 37.2℃ or WBC ≥ 11,000mm3)
6. Inability to use computer or internet
7. Visual and motor dysfunction

Answer: C