Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Robotic-assisted Training After Upper Arm Fracture - a Multicentre, Controlled and Randomized Intervention Study
Brief Summary: In this study, patients with upper arm fracture will receive an additive robotic-assisted training using the Armeo®Spring robot for three weeks on the injured arm in addition to conventional physio- and occupational therapy. The supportive treatment and execution of specific exercises on the Armeo®Spring should lead to improved recovery of function and mobility of the upper arm compared to conservatively treated patients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* proximal humerus fracture of AO group B2 or C2 (displaced fracture of extra-articular or articular, bifocal type) admitted in hospital

Exclusion Criteria:

* aged less than 60 year
* patients of non-Scandinavian ethnicity
* previous history of injury or illness of the injured or contralateral shoulder
* injury of other part of the humerus or the contralateral upper extremity,
* alcohol- or drug abuse
* dementia or neurological diseases
* severe cardiovascular disease that would contraindicate surgery
B: Inclusion Criteria:

Low energy AO/OTA group 11-B1.1, 11-B1.2 and 11-C1.1, 11-C3.1. Both B and C type includes subgroups: Displaced \[2\], Impacted \[3\] or Non impacted \[4\] from the universal modifiers list.

Exclusion Criteria:

Radiographic Mal-inclination Less than; varus 30°or valgus 45° Less than 50% contact between head fragment and meta-/diaphysis Head split fractures with more than 10% of the articular surface in the main head fragment.

Head split fractures (group 11-C3.2 and 11-C3.3) with more than 10% of the articular surface in the main head fragment.

Dislocation or fracture-dislocation of the gleno-humeral joint Pathological fracture

General

* Refuse to participate
* Age under 65 years of age, or over 85 years of age
* Serious poly-trauma or additional surgery
* Non-independent, drug/alcohol abuse or institutionalized (low co-operation)
* Contra-indications for surgery
* Does not understand written and spoken guidance in local languages
* Previous fracture with symptomatic sequelae in either shoulder
* Patients living outside the hospital's catchment area
C: Inclusion Criteria:

Patient admitted in hospital with a displaced three- or four part proximal humerus fracture of OTA / AO group 11-B2 or 11-C2 (displaced fracture of extra-articular or articular, bifocal type). The subgroups -.1, -.2 and -.3 will be included for both B2 and C2 groups, provided severe displacement: This is defined as a mal-position of at least 45º of angular deviation in valgus or 30º in varus in true frontal projection, regardless of whether the fracture is impacted or not, or less than 50% contact between humeral head and the metaphyseal part of the shaft. The greater or lesser tubercle displaced at least 10 mm.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patient younger than 65 years or older than 85 years, previous history of injury or illness of the injured shoulder, injuries of other parts of the humerus or the contra-lateral upper extremity, alcohol- or drug abuse, dementia, neurological diseases, or severe cardiovascular or lung diseases that would contraindicate surgery. Patients have to understand the Norwegian language and be compliant to rehabilitation and follow-ups.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* surgical treatment of the shoulder joint after upper arm fracture classified as type AO 11
* movement-stable fracture
* Inclusion between the fourth and the seventh week after surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

* limited cognition as defined by a score in Short-Orientation-Memory-Concentration Test (SOMC) less than 10 points
* inadequate level of pain during movement of the affected shoulder joint (pain score \>5 on a visual analogue pain scale)
* strongly limited vision or hearing
* heart failure (New York Heart Association stage III-IV) or COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) Gold stage III-IV
* walking speed \<0.8m/sec
* isolated tuberculum majus fracture of the humerus (AO 11, A1)
* fractures with involvement of the glenoid cavity
* double fractures
* injury of the plexus or the axillaris nerve

Answer: D