Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Feasibility Trial of the Youth Readiness Intervention: A Group Psychosocial Intervention for War-affected Youth in Sierra Leone
Brief Summary: The research will first examine data obtained from YRI participants to investigate effects of the group sessions on psychosocial and functioning outcomes in youth.

In pursuit of this aim, this research will investigate the following hypothesis: Participation in the Youth Readiness Intervention will reduce symptoms of internalizing, externalizing, trauma-related symptoms, and improve prosocial skills and functioning among war-affected 15-24 year olds in Sierra Leone.

The research also intends to examine whether youth enrolled in a psychosocial "Youth Readiness Intervention" (YRI) and a complementary education program fare better than an education-only control group, a psychosocial-only control group, and a waitlist control group.

In pursuit of this second aim, this research will investigate the following hypothesis: A combined psychosocial-education program is an effective paradigm for improving psychosocial, functional, educational, and economic self-sufficiency outcomes among war-affected youth.


Options:
A: Eligibility criteria:

For adolescent participants:

* Enrolled as a student in Grades 9-12 (corresponding to 13-20 years of age)
* Experiencing elevated mental health symptoms, based on response in the borderline or abnormal range (scores of 19 or higher for boys and 20 or higher for girls) on the self-reported SDQ Total Difficulties scale
* Experiencing significant distress and/or functional impairment, based on response in the abnormal range (scores of 2 or higher) on the self-reported SDQ Impact Supplement
* Experiencing difficulties for \>1 month, based on response to the self-reported Chronicity item from the SDQ Impact Supplement
* For adolescents under 18 years of age, able to provide informed assent to participate and supported by parental consent
* For adolescents over 18 years of age, able to provide informed consent to participate

For parent participants:

* A primary parental caregiver or guardian for the index adolescent
* Able to provide informed consent to participate, and if adolescent age 18+ years, parental involvement is supported by the index adolescent
* Proficient in spoken English or Hindi

Exclusion criteria:

For adolescent participants:

* Requiring urgent medical attention (defined as needing emergency treatment or in-patient admission)
* Unable to communicate clearly (due to a speech or hearing disability or inability to comprehend one of the program's languages)
* Already receiving intervention for mental health problems
* Received PRIDE intervention in past six months during pilot study
* Not providing assent
* Adolescent whose parents are not providing consent

For parent participants:

* Unable to communicate clearly (due to a speech or hearing disability or inability to comprehend one of the program's languages)
* Intoxicated at the point of consent or assessment
B: Once youth are referred to the study, a screening tool will be administered to determine whether or not they meet eligibility requirements as described below.

The screening tool contains four sections;

1. Consent and Age: assures that participants meet the age requirements
2. Oxford Refugees Psychosocial Adjustment Scale: assesses depression, anxiety and hostility
3. Functioning: assesses the participant's ability to carry out activities of daily living
4. Psychological Analysis: clinician's assessment of the psychological state of the participant.

Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants must be between 15-24 years of age;
* Participants must prefer to have the opportunity to join an educational program but not currently be enrolled in school;
* A participant's total score on the Oxford scale must equal or exceed 30 AND
* Participants must display at least one non-zero score on the functioning questions.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Participant does not plan to reside in the Freetown urban area for the duration of the study (9 months from start date);
* Participant fails to meet age requirements;
* Participant is currently enrolled in school;
* Participant is not in favor of joining an educational program;
* Participant fails to meet Oxford psychosocial or functioning thresholds;
* Participant is judged by clinical staff as:

  * Needing mental health treatment beyond the scope of the YRI
  * Otherwise not suitable for a group treatment setting
* Participant displays the following:

  * Cognitive delays
  * Active suicidality
  * Psychosis
  * Risk of harm to themselves or others

Participants at risk of harm to themselves or others, as well as those requiring treatment beyond the scope of the YRI, will be referred to local mental health or social work treatment facilities as appropriate.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

-Suicidal ideation (irrespective of score on any other measure)

Exclusion Criteria:

* psychosis
* mental retardation
* inability to understand Swahili
* one standard deviation below the mean on every measure
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. ability to understand spoken Urdu
2. pregnant, ≤22 weeks' gestation
3. age ≥18 years
4. residence ≤20 km of Holy Family Hospital
5. intent to reside in the study areas until the completion of the study
6. score ≥8 for anxiety on the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Current major a depressive episode (MDE on SCID) or life-threatening health conditions including e.g. active severe depression or suicidal ideation
2. Self-report of past or current significant learning disability
3. Self-report of past or current psychiatric disorder (e.g. bipolar disorder or schizophrenia) or psychiatric care (e.g. current use of anxiolytic drug and/or other psychotropic drug)
4. medical disorders or severe maternal morbidity that require inpatient management that would preclude participation (101)
5. ICU admission indicated by diagnosis (not only for assessment)

Answer: B