Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Relative Bioavailability of Iron and Folic Acid From a New Powdered Supplement Compared to a Traditional Tablet in Pregnant Women
Brief Summary: Deficiencies of iron and folic acid during pregnancy can lead to adverse outcomes for the fetus, thus supplements are recommended. Adherence to current tablet-based supplements is documented to be poor. Recently a powdered form of micronutrients has been developed which may decrease side-effects and thus improve adherence. However, before testing the efficacy of the supplement as an alternate choice for supplementation during pregnancy, the bioavailability of the iron needs to be determined. The objective of this study is to measure the relative bioavailability of iron and folic acid from a powdered supplement that can be sprinkled on semi-solid foods or beverages versus a traditional tablet supplement in pregnant women.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy pregnant women between 18 and 45 years of age in the second or third trimester of pregnancy (24-32 weeks of gestational age).
* Normal Hb (Hb≥110g/L and Hb≤144g/L)

Exclusion Criteria:

Chronic illness (clinically significant neurological, endocrine, cardiovascular, pulmonary, hematologic, immunologic, psychiatric or metabolic diseases)

* A history or presence of hemosiderosis, hemochromatosis, peptic ulcer, regional enteritis, ulcerative colitis
* A history of or current use of IV iron therapy or erythropoietin therapy
* A history or presence of any clinically significant gastrointestinal pathology (eg. chronic diarrhea, inflammatory bowel disease, partial gastrectomy), unresolved gastrointestinal symptoms (eg. diarrhea or vomiting), steatorrhea, or other conditions known to interfere with the absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion of iron or folic acid
* Abnormal hemoglobin electrophoresis ie. sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, etc.
* Current acute illness and/or taking antibiotics
* Known or suspected allergies to Materna®, or any ingredient present in Materna or SuppleFem Sprinkles or any of the foods to be consumed during the trial.
* Mildly to severely anemic women (Hb\<110 g/L) or elevated hemoglobin (above 144g/L)
* Complications in pregnancy (including pregnancy induced hypertension, preeclampsia, a history of severe antepartum hemorrhage)
* Blood transfusion within last 3 months
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Live in one of the study counties (Laoting, Mancheng, Fengrun, Xianghe, Yuanshi)
* Can follow instructions
* Can swallow pills

Exclusion Criteria:

* \>= 20 weeks gestation at enrollment
* Previous live birth
* Anemic (hemoglobin \[Hb\] \<10 g/dl in 1st trimester and \< 9.5 g/dl in 2nd trimester) at enrollment
* Current use of iron or other vitamin or mineral supplements (except folic acid)
* Age \< 20 years at enrollment
* Under treatment for anemia at enrollment
* Refuse to participate
C: Inclusion Criteria:

Women were eligible if they were:

* Married
* Nulliparous
* \< 40 years old
* Living in the same household as their husband

Exclusion Criteria:

Women were excluded if they were:

* Pregnant at enrollment
* Planning to move out of the region
* Using iron supplements within the previous 3 months
* Using an implant form of birth control, or had surgery to prevent pregnancy
* Women with a Hb concentration of \< 70 g/L, defined as severely anemic according to WHO definition (5), were excluded from the study and appropriately treated
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children of ages 2 weeks to 6 months for recruitment into the Trial. Children of ages 6 months and onwards would eligible to receive intervention (in the form of Micronutrient Sprinkles)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children with obvious congenital anomalies.

Answer: A