Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effectiveness and Cost-effectiveness of Telemedicine for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: The Danish "TeleCare North" Pragmatic Cluster-randomized Trial.
Brief Summary: There are two main aims in this study. The first objective is to evaluate whether a particular telehealth solution, in addition to standard treatment and care, lead to a significant decrease in the mortality and an increase in health related quality of life for patients suffering from COPD that may benefit from telehealth compared with only standard treatment and care. The second objective is to examine the additional costs of the telehealth solution and assess whether this solution is a cost-effective way to care for patients with COPD across patients and municipality districts.

It is hypothesized that telehealth care will increase patients quality adjusted life years at both the cluster and individual level compared to usual practice, since no difference in mortality and a higher health related quality of life is expected. Furthermore, it is hoped that there will be a 30% reduction in the number of admissions and readmissions to hospitals and a 30% reduction in the number of outpatient visits resulting in fewer costs for hospitals. However, it is uncertain as to whether these savings are offset by other costs such as more visits to general practitioners, community care or the implementation costs.


Options:
A: Arm Label: usual care; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: care at initiative of the patient (usual GP care) | Arm Label: monitoring controls; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: regular practice nurse review (monitoring controls) | Arm Label: self-management; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: an integrated self-management education program | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: an integrated self-management education program; Assigned to Arm(s): self-management | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: regular practice nurse review (monitoring controls); Assigned to Arm(s): monitoring controls | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: care at initiative of the patient (usual GP care); Assigned to Arm(s): usual care
B: Arm Label: 1 Intervention group; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Supported self management training and support | Arm Label: 2; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: Behavioral: Supported self management training and support | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Supported self management training and support; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 Intervention group, 2
C: Arm Label: Control group (Group A); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Usual care | Arm Label: Intervention group (Group B); Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: Home-based telehealth program, Other: Home-based rehabilitation, Other: Usual care | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Home-based telehealth program; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention group (Group B) | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Home-based rehabilitation; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention group (Group B) | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Usual care; Assigned to Arm(s): Control group (Group A), Intervention group (Group B)
D: Arm Label: Telemedicine; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: Telemedicine | Arm Label: Usual care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Telemedicine; Assigned to Arm(s): Telemedicine

Answer: D