Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Parent Training to Address Pediatric Functional Abdominal Pain
Brief Summary: Functional abdominal pain (FAP) is a common complaint of childhood, associated with considerable health care costs, disruption of normal activity, emotional distress, and long-term health effects. The study will test a treatment approach which, if successful, would substantially change the treatment for FAP and potentially for a wide range of childhood medical problems where parental responses to symptoms contribute to these adverse effects. The study would also provide a model which would be much more accessible than traditional face-to-face therapies to a broader range of families in need than are currently served.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* patient age 11-18 years
* patient English speaking
* patient legal guardian willing to participate
* patient on oral IBD maintenance medication for 3 months or longer

Exclusion Criteria:

* history of significant parent-reported cognitive or developmental delay
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* diagnosis of chronic daily headache based on definition of 15 or more headache days per month measured by a prospective daily headache diary
* females or males between the ages of 10-17
* PedMIDAS Disability Score \> 20, indicating at least moderate disruption in daily activities

Exclusion Criteria:

* medication overuse as defined in the ICHD-II criteria (NSAID or other simple analgesic on ≥ 15 days/ month for \>3 months; triptan intake in any formulation ≥ 10 days/month on a regular basis of ≥ 3 months)
* current treatment with amitriptyline
* no other current prophylactic antimigraine medication within a period equivalent to \< 5 half-lives of that medication before entering the screening phase
* other chronic pain condition such as juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome-II
* abnormal findings on EKG
* current or past history of severe orthostatic intolerance or severe levels of orthostatic dysregulation (orthostatic hypotension or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome)
* significant documented developmental delay or impairments such as autism, cerebral palsy or mental retardation
* present or lifetime psychiatric diagnosis that meets DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder or psychosis
* PedMIDAS Disability Score of \> 140, indicating need for multi-systemic therapies to address very significant level of disability
* youth who are pregnant, or those females who are sexually active and not using a medically accepted form of contraception (barrier or hormonal methods) or do not agree to be abstinent during the study
* disallowed medications/products: opioids, antipsychotics, antimanics, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, sedatives, tramadol
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of JPFS based upon widespread pain for over 3 months, at least 5 tender points, and associated features such as sleep difficulty, fatigue, and abdominal discomfort
* Average pain intensity greater than 4 on the Visual Analog Scale
* Functional disability score greater than 7
* Stable medications for 8 weeks prior to study entry

Exclusion Criteria:

* Other chronic rheumatic diseases, such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or lupus
* Significant developmental delay or impairments, such as autism, cerebral palsy, or mental retardation
* Present or lifetime psychiatric diagnosis that meets DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, or psychosis
* Opioid medications are disallowed when used on an ongoing basis for treatment of fibromyalgia pain
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* The child is 7 to 12 years old
* The child experienced at least three episodes of unexplained abdominal pain over a three month period which affected the child's activities
* The child lived with the primary caregiver for at least the last 3 months
* The child and the parent agree to the conditions of study participation, including randomization, participation in intervention and follow-up evaluations
* The parent and child comprehend and speak English without assistance

Exclusion Criteria:

* The child has positive physical or laboratory findings which would explain the abdominal pain
* The child has a chronic disease (e.g. Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, pancreatitis, diabetes, epilepsy, etc.)
* The child is lactose intolerant
* The child had major surgery in the past year
* The parent or child has developmental disabilities that require full-time special education or that impair ability to respond to assessment measures

Answer: D