Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Same-Day HIV Testing and Treatment Initiation to Improve Retention in Care
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine if same-day HIV testing and antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation improves retention in care (as measured by the proportion of participants who are alive and in-care with an undetectable viral load 12 months after HIV testing), compared with standard of care (three visits prior to ART initiation). Secondary outcomes include survival, ART initiation, retention in care with viral load \< 200 and \< 1000 copies/ml, 6-month viral load, and adherence as measured by self-report and pharmacy refill records. Enrollment for the main study was completed in October 2015.

In June 2015, enrollment was started for a new sub-study. This sub-study, funded by MAC AIDS, includes patients with WHO stage 1 or 2 disease and CD4 count \>500 cells/mm3. The purpose of the sub-study is to compare 6-month retention for patients who receive same-day ART vs. standard pre-ART care. Secondary outcomes include adherence to INH and Bactrim, and cost-effectiveness between the two groups. Enrollment for the sub-study is ongoing.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult patients (\>18 years) (initiating children on ART is likely to require additional information, making the SLATE algorithm less applicable to pediatric populations)
* Confirmed HIV-positive test result at any time (may have been diagnosed previously)
* Not currently on ART (three-drug combination)
* Presented at the study clinic for any HIV-related reason, including an HIV test, pre-ART monitoring, or ART initiation

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant (pregnancy is an exclusion criterion because treatment guidelines for pregnant women differ from those for non-pregnant adults; most pregnant women are diagnosed with HIV and initiated on ART in antenatal clinics, not general adult HIV clinics)
* Not intending to return to this clinic for further HIV care in the coming year (i.e. intends to seek further care somewhere else)
* Not physically, mentally, or emotionally able to participate in the study, in the opinion of the investigators or study staff
* Not willing or able to provide written informed consent to participate in the study
* Previously enrolled in the same study
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult patients (\>18 years)
* Tested HIV-positive at study site's outpatient testing service or antenatal clinic on day of study enrollment or previously tested HIV-positive but making first visit to study site for HIV-related care or antenatal care for the current pregnancy
* Eligible for antiretroviral therapy under prevailing South African guidelines

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently or previously on ART (three-drug combination; previous PMTCT regimen exposure for an earlier pregnancy is not an exclusion criterion)
* Stated intention to seek further HIV or antenatal care at another site, not at the study site
* Not physically or emotionally able to participate in the study, in the opinion of the investigators
* Not willing or able to provide written informed consent to participate in the study
* Previously screened for the same study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

Participating individuals must:

1. Be at least 18 years old
2. Be an inpatient or outpatient seeking care in study hospitals
3. Test positive on an initial EIA HIV screen
4. Have local residency or intent to live in study area for at least 90 days

Exclusion Criteria:

Individuals will be excluded from study participation if they:

1. Do not meet any one or more of the above inclusion criteria
2. Test result negative on initial EIA HIV screen
3. Have previously received confirmation on HIV infection in the study hospital or in any other setting (e.g., CDC clinic, infectious disease hospital, sub-county-level hospital)
4. Are prisoners or detainees at the time of initial screening
5. Are pregnant women (pregnant women are subject to mandatory testing)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥18 years;
* Ability and willingness of participant to give written informed consent;
* CD4 cell count \</=500 cells/mm3
* WHO stage 1 or 2 disease as defined by the following conditions: Asymptomatic; Persistent generalized lymphadenopathy; Moderate unexplained weight loss (under 10% of presumed or measured body weight); Recurrent upper respiratory tract infections (sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media, pharyngitis); Herpes zoster; Angular cheilitis; Recurrent oral ulcerations; Papular pruritic eruptions; Seborrheic dermatitis; Fungal nail infections

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any use of ART in the past;
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding at the screening visit;
* Psychologically unprepared to start ART, based on ART readiness survey;
* Plans to transfer care to another clinic during the study period;
* WHO stage 3 or 4 disease.

Note: For the sub-study that includes patients with WHO stage 1 or 2 disease and CD4 count \>500, the inclusion and exclusion criteria are the same; only CD4 count is different.

Answer: D