Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Interactions Between Physical Activity and Cannabis Use in Adults
Brief Summary: In this study the investigators will explore the relationship between physical activity and cannabis use. The investigators will compare regional brain activation detected by imaging technique(fRMI) before and after exercise in cannabis users and compare results with results from controls. The investigators hypothesize that the regional brain activation in response to visual cues (pictures related to cannabis use and food) will be different in cannabis users than in controls and that exercise will significantly alter brain responses to the cues.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants will be recruited by Aboriginal Mental Health Workers - or nominated by mental health staff or the General Practitioner. The treating doctors or local mental health team will be notified of the nomination in each case and, if they have no concerns, the Aboriginal Mental Health Worker will arrange the information and consent session with the research team. The participants will be clients who have a primary chronic mental illness, are aged over 18 years, are able to give informed consent, and are current clients. The diagnoses for inclusion are Schizophrenia, Delusional disorder, Schizoaffective disorder, Drug-induced psychosis, Non-specific psychoses, and Affective disorders. The criteria for chronicity for the purposes of the project are defined by two or more episodes of illness severe enough to require medical intervention and treatment. The carer will be identified by discussion between the client and the Aboriginal Mental Health Worker or Health Worker.

Exclusion Criteria:

People aged less than 18 years, and people with known Intellectual disability or organic brain disorders will be excluded. People with illnesses which have not recurred, or which are not likely to recur will be excluded.

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B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Cases and Controls must:

  * Be able to understand the study and provide written informed consent.
  * Be male or female 18 -35 years of age.
  * Be in generally good health
  * If female of childbearing potential, have a negative serum pregnancy test on study day

Cases must:

* Meet criteria for cannabis dependence as primary diagnosis as determined by the Substance Abuse module of SCID (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV).
* Not currently seeking treatment for cannabis dependence.
* Have a positive urine drug test for cannabis on the study day
* Avoid alcohol and other recreational drug use (except cannabis and/or nicotine) for 48 h before testing.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cases and Controls must not:

  * Be pregnant or lactating
  * Have implanted electrical medical device (e.g. pacemaker, vagal nerve stimulator)
  * Have non-secure metallic foreign bodies
  * Have met criteria for another axis 1 diagnosis in the past 6 months
  * Receive psychotropically active or vasoactive medications (within 6 weeks of screen day)
  * Have chronic medical illness
  * Have epilepsy
  * Have a history of head injury that required hospitalization
  * Have claustrophobia
  * Have orthopedic or other problems precluding them from performing exercise protocol
  * Have body mass index (BMI) less than 19 kg/m2
  * Weighing more than 275 pounds (MRI table limit)

Cases must not:

* Have current dependence, as determined by the SCID, on any psychoactive substance other than nicotine and/or cannabinoid
* Have any serious medical or psychiatric illnesses and/or clinically significant symptoms, which in the judgment of the PI or his/her designee would make them unsafe, or would make compliance with the study protocol difficult or put the study staff at undue risk
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* age 16 or older
* lifetime diagnosis of cannabis abuse or cannabis dependence (according to the DSM-IV criteria
* current (4 wks) regular cannabis use (at least 2 days a week)
* persistent history of regular cannabis use of at least 3 years
* informed consent to the study procedures and assessments

Exclusion Criteria:

* current alcohol or any illicit drug dependence syndrome according to DSM-IV other than due to cannabis
* lifetime history of any psychotic disorder
* current severe episode of Major depression
* current panic-agoraphobic disorder (severe)
* severe learning disability, brain damage or pervasive developmental disorder
* currently acute suicidality
* not fluent in german language
* acute signs of intoxication at screening or baseline assessment due to opiates or any type of stimulants, causing cognitive impairments
* currently in treatment for cannabis-related disorders in other services
* current psychotropic medications with sedatives and antipsychotics
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* at least 18 years old
* receive medical care at one of the participating primary care clinics at Harborview Medical Center/University of Washington Medical Center
* will maintain care at the clinic for one year
* have a phone or easy access to phone, voicemail, or email
* used recreational drugs in the last 3 months
* used prescription medications not as prescribed in the last 3 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* participation in any formal substance abuse treatment programs in the last 30 days (excluding 12-step or self-help groups)
* terminal illness

Answer: B