Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Phase 2, Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study of the Safety and Efficacy/Potency of a Single Dose of Xisomab 3G3, Administered at the Beginning of a Regular Hemodialysis Procedure, in Patients With End-Stage Renal Disease on Chronic Hemodialysis
Brief Summary: This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of AB023 (xisomab 3G3) in patients with end stage renal disease on chronic hemodialysis. Two dose levels will be evaluated in two cohorts. Within each cohort the patients will be randomized to receive either AB023 (xisomab 3G3) or placebo (at a ratio of 2:1 active: placebo).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* chronic stable HD patients ≥ 18 years
* on HD at least three times per week for at least 3 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* contraindication to heparin
* currently using heparin-free HD
* known clotting disorder
* on warfarin therapy
* dialyzing with a dysfunctional central venous catheter (blood flow rates consistently less than 300mL/min and/or frequent use of thrombolytic)
* history of vascular access dysfunction
* planned vascular access conversion or procedure during the study period
* use of high calcium dialysate
* active medical issue requiring hospitalization
* planned kidney transplant during the study period
* planned conversion of dialysis modality (peritoneal dialysis, nocturnal dialysis) during the study period
* unable to provide informed consent
B: Inclusion Criteria:

Patients must fulfill all of the following inclusion criteria to be eligible for participation in the study:

1. ESRD maintained on stable outpatient HD regimen, using an established (\> 3 months) and normally functioning, regular flow, uninfected first mature AV fistula (or AV graft) and skin consistent with standard chronic HD access injuries, and HD stability defined as Kt/V ≥ 1.2 within 3 months prior to screening at a healthcare center for \> 3 months from screening.
2. On HD regimen at least 3 times per week for a minimum of 3 hours per dialysis session, using a complication-free well maintained AV fistula (or AV graft), expected and plan to continue this throughout and for at least 3 months beyond the study.
3. Is capable of understanding the written informed consent, provides signed and witnessed written informed consent, and agrees to comply with protocol requirements and study related procedures.
4. Willing to be confined to the CRU for the duration of the study, able to comply with all study-related requirements, and able to adhere to study restrictions and visit schedules.
5. Male or female, between 18 and 80 years of age (inclusive) at the time of screening.
6. BMI of ≥ 18 at the time of screening.
7. Considered by the PI to be clinically stable with respect to underlying ESRD, based on medical evaluation that includes medical and surgical history, and a complete physical examination including vital signs, ECG, and clinical laboratory test results at screening. Repeat assessments are permitted for any laboratory, ECG, or vital sign parameter required for enrollment.
8. Female patients must be of non-childbearing potential and must have undergone one of the following:

   * sterilization procedures at least 6 months prior to dosing:
   * hysteroscopic sterilization;
   * bilateral tubal ligation or bilateral salpingectomy;
   * hysterectomy;
   * bilateral oophorectomy; or be postmenopausal with amenorrhea for at least 1 year prior to dosing and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) serum levels consistent with postmenopausal status as per PI or designee judgment.
9. Male patients must either be sterile (vasectomy with history of a negative sperm count following the procedure); practice total abstinence from sexual intercourse as the preferred lifestyle (periodic abstinence is not acceptable); use a male condom with any sexual activity; or agree to use a birth control method considered to be appropriate by the Investigator (such as one of the methods identified above for female patients) from the time of screening until 90 days after study drug administration. Male patients must agree not to donate sperm for a period of 90 days after study drug administration.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients must not be enrolled in the study if they meet any of the following criteria:

1. Documented history of acute vasoocclusive thrombotic event (acute coronary syndrome, stroke or transient ischemic attack, venous thromboembolic event), or vascular access fistula or AV graft failure in the past 3 months.
2. With the exception of unfractionated heparin during HD, concomitant or prior use of anticoagulant/antiplatelet agents (e.g., low molecular weight heparins, warfarin, apixaban, bivalirudin, ticagrelor, edoxaban, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, clopidogrel, prasugrel, ticlopidine, eptifibatide, tirofiban, dipyridamole, diclofenac, and all other NSAIDs) that may affect hemostasis for 2 weeks prior to check-in on Day -8 and throughout the study.
3. Use of unfractionated heparin for HD sessions from check-in on Day -8 and throughout the study.
4. Any clinically significant (CS) concomitant disease or condition (including treatment for such conditions) that, in the opinion of the PI, could either interfere with the study drug, compromise interpretation of study data, or pose an unacceptable risk to the patient.
5. Any other CS abnormalities in laboratory test results at screening that would, in the opinion of the PI, increase the patient's risk of participation, jeopardize complete participation in the study, or compromise interpretation of study data.
6. Pregnant (positive pregnancy test) at screening or check-in on Day -8. If serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) pregnancy test results are indeterminate, follow-up testing should be performed to determine eligibility.

   All female patients will not be pregnant and will have a negative pregnancy test at screening and check-in on Day -8, with the following exception: females receiving dialysis with an indeterminate pregnancy test result or persistently low hCG resulting in a false positive pregnancy test may be included in the study at the discretion of the PI. Postmenopausal patients with a result outside the postmenopausal range or an indeterminate pregnancy test will undergo additional testing with FSH to confirm postmenopausal status prior to study enrollment.
7. Treatment with another investigational drug or device study within 30 days (or 5 half lives, whichever is longer) prior to check-in on Day -8.
8. Acute illness that is considered by the PI to be CS within 2 weeks of check-in on Day 8.
9. Currently have established underlying inherited or acquired symptomatic bleeding disorders and/or are at risk for excessive bleeding per PI judgment or current active bleeding (e.g., gastrointestinal, intracranial), aside from minor bleeding from the puncture site on the AV fistula or AV graft, which would be expected to occur during the dialysis procedure, with the following values:

   * Platelet count \< 100,000 cells/mm3 (if \< 100,000 but \> 75,000 cells/mm3, with permission of PI and medical monitor) at screening
   * INR \> 1.4 at screening
   * aPTT up to 1.2 x ULN (if \>1.2x ULN up to \< 1.5 x ULN, with permission of PI and medical monitor) at screening
   * ALT or AST \> 2 x ULN at screening
   * Total bilirubin \> 1.2 ULN at screening
   * Hemoglobin concentration \< 10 g/dL at screening
10. Seated blood pressure \< 90/40 mmHg at screening and check-in on Day -8.
11. Exclusion criteria for ECG at screening and check-in on Day -8:

    Heart rate \< 45 and \> 110 bpm QTcF interval \> 500 msec (bpm = beats per minute; msec = milliseconds; QTcF = QT interval corrected using Fridericia's formula)
    * Any significant arrhythmia or conduction abnormality, (including but not specific to atrioventricular block \[2nd degree or higher\], Wolff Parkinson White syndrome \[unless curative radio ablation therapy\]), which, in the opinion of the PI and Medical Monitor, could interfere with the safety for the individual patient.
    * Non-sustained or sustained ventricular tachycardia (\> 2 consecutive ventricular ectopic beats at a rate of \> 1.7/second).
12. History of a CS allergy to recombinant biologic drug, rodents, or a known sensitivity or idiosyncratic reaction to any compound present in xisomab 3G3, its related compounds, or any compound listed as being present in the study formulation.
13. Participate in strenuous exercise from 48 hours prior to check-in on Day -8 and throughout the study.
14. Positive test for drugs of abuse and/or positive alcohol test at screening or check in on Day 8 if not accounted for by a prescription medication. Patients with a positive test based on a prescribed medication may be enrolled.
15. Positive test at screening for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). If a patient with ESRD has positive test results for hepatitis C virus (HCV) but liver function tests are otherwise not clinically significant, the patient may be included at the PI's discretion.
16. Receiving blood purification therapy other than HD.
17. Any other reason that would render the patient unsuitable for study enrollment at the discretion of the PI.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* aged over 18 years
* chronic kidney disease stage 5 requiring intermittent hemodialysis
* at risk of bleeding
* written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* any haemostatic disorder favouring either bleeding or clotting
* anti-vitamin K or heparin treatment
* heparin induced thrombocytopenia
* haemodynamic instability
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* willingness to give written informed consent for participation in the study
* age 18-80 years old
* ability to understand and follow instructions and able to participate in the study for the entire period
* clinically stable (based on the investigator's judgment) within the three months prior to the screening visit
* written and signed agreement

Exclusion Criteria:

* antecedents of cerebrovascular accident, documented myocardial infarction, coronary angioplasty or bypass surgery within 6 months prior to the screening visit
* currently enrollment in any other investigational device or drug study, or participation in another clinical study within 30 days prior to the screening visit
* known or suspected drug or alcohol abuse
* known congenital or acquired bleeding disorders including hepatic failure and amyloidosis, present active major bleeding;
* increased risk of hemorrhage, due to: pericarditis or bacterial endocarditis, severe uncontrolled hypertension, active ulcerative and angiodysplastic gastrointestinal disease, hemorrhagic stroke, shortly after brain, spinal or ophthalmological surgery, concomitant treatment with platelet inhibitors, recent surgical procedures (especially with hemorrhagic complications or those in which hemorrhagic complications would be very severe - cardio-vascular, ophthalmological or neurological), planned surgical procedure within the next week, (history of) heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, with any other disease which, in the opinion of the investigator, makes unacceptable his/her inclusion in the study (known hypersensitivity to heparin, benzyl alcohol, or pork products that should not be treated with innohep®, severe psychiatric disorders, age \<18 years, malignant disorders and a life expectancy \<6 months, patients that were involved in another research study (studies) in the last month.

Answer: B