Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Weight Loss and Changes in Cardiovascular Risk Markers With a Low Glycemic Load Diet Compared With a Standard National Nutrition Council-recommended Diet: a Randomized Trial
Brief Summary: Overweight and obesity is increasing in most countries, including Norway, and the optimal diet for reducing weight is under discussion. The present study in overweight and moderate obese individuals compares a low glycemic load diet with a standard low-fat diet (as recommended from the National Nutrition Council) in an open, randomized trial over 12 months, with changes in weight loss and changes in cardiovascular risk markers as endpoints.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age: \> 18 years of age
* Women: Pre-menopausal (self-report) and \<50 years of age
* Men: \<50 years of age
* BMI (body mass index): 27-40 kg/m2 (need to lose \>10% body weight to achieve healthy BMI)
* Body weight stable for the last two months, and not actively on a weight loss plan
* No plans to move from the area over the next two years
* Available and able to participate in the evaluations and intervention for the study period
* Willing to accept random assignment
* To enhance study generalizability, people on medications not noted below as specific exclusions can
* participate if they have been stable on such medications for at least three months
* Ability and willingness to give written informed
* No known active psychiatric illness

Exclusion Criteria:

Subjects with the following conditions will be excluded (determined by self-report):

* Pregnant, lactating, within 6 months post-partum, or planning to become pregnant in the next 2 years
* Diabetes (type 1 and 2) or history of gestational diabetes or on hypoglycemic medications for any other indication
* Prevalent diseases: Malabsorption, renal or liver disease, active neoplasms, recent myocardial infarction (\<6 months)(patient self-report and, if available, review of labs from primary care provider)
* Smokers (because of effect on weight and lipids)
* History of serious arrhythmias, or cerebrovascular disease
* Uncontrolled hyper- or hypothyroidism (TSH not within normal limits)
* Medications: Lipid lowering, antihypertensive medications, and those known to affect weight/energy expenditure
* Excessive alcohol intake (self-reported, \>3 drinks/day)
* Musculoskeletal disorders precluding regular physical activity
* Unable to follow either of the two study diets for reasons of food allergies or other (e.g., vegan)
* Currently under psychiatric care, or taking psychiatric medications
* Inability to communicate effectively with study personnel
B: Inclusion Criteria

* Healthy men and women
* Body mass index (BMI) = 25-30
* Slightly overweight, \< 275 lbs
* Women 25-45, pre-menopause
* Men 25-50
* Not traveling often or planning to move

Exclusions:

* Cardiovascular disease or blood pressure greater than 160/90
* Diabetes
* Major psychiatric disorders
* Eating disorders
* Post obese; previous BMI \> 32
* Weight change of more than ten pounds in the past 90 days
* Over 275 pounds
* Smoking
* Regular exercise, more than twice per week
* Current prescription drug use, except oral contraceptives
* Alcoholism or substance abuse
* Pregnant or lactating (breast feeding), planning to become pregnant, or not regularly using contraception
* Abnormal electrocardiogram (EKG)
* Local resident for less than one year
* Occupations requiring full alertness and motor skills, with no allowance for a chance of postural dizziness (airline pilots, etc.)
* Injuries by any metallic object that is still present in the body
* Braces, non-removable dentures, or non-removable bridgework
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Men or women age 30-65,
* BMI in the range 28-35 kg/m2 for women and 28-40kg/m2 for men.
* At least one of the following components of the metabolic syndrome; fasting triglycerides \> 1,7, fasting glucose 6,0-6,9, HDL-cholesterol \<1,03 (males) or \<1,29 (females), Blood pressure \>130/85 (with or without treatment), diet-treated diabetes mellitus or drug treated hypertension.
* Stable weight range of 4 kg or less the last 12 weeks,
* No major change in physical activity the last 12 weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any symptomatic cardiovascular disease
* Diabetes requiring drug treatment
* Currently on special diet
* Hepatic/renal dysfunction
* Hypothyroidism (unstable)
* GI disorder impairing compliance with diet recommendation,
* History of unstable psychiatric or medical disorder,
* Need of lipid lowering drug,
* Alcohol or drug abuse,
* Participation in drug trial the last 30 days,
* Use of drugs for weight reduction last 12 weeks, pregnancy or planned pregnancy,
* Obesity of known endocrine origin, history of obesity surgery,
* Uncontrolled hypertension (\>160/100),
* Previous participation in \>3 weight reduction programs, or within last 12 months,
* Not willing to be randomized,
* Individual judged to be unable to follow instructions and procedures of the study
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* healthy, slightly overweight (body mass index, BMI = 25-30 kg/m2) women, premenopausal, non-alcoholic (\< 14 units alcohol/w)

Exclusion Criteria:

* smoking, elite athletes, food allergies, pregnant, lactating, on medication, blood donation 3 months before, during and 3 months after the completion of the study

Answer: C