Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Topical Magnesium Supplementation for the Treatment of Muscle Cramps in Dialysis Patients
Brief Summary: Oral magnesium supplementation has been widely used in the treatment of muscle cramps. Muscle cramps are common in dialysis patients but are not satisfactorily prevented by oral magnesium. Transdermal administration of magnesium has been promoted as a potential treatment for muscle cramps but this has not been investigated rigorously. We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of transdermal magnesium supplementation in reducing cramp frequency and severity. We will recruit current haemodialysis patients who suffer from muscle cramps into a randomised, placebo-controlled, cross-over design trial. Each intervention period will last 8 weeks with a 4-week washout period in between. We will measure muscle cramp frequency, duration and severity as the primary outcomes.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* For patients to be included in our study, they had to experience regular episodes of NLC and are in good mental health.
* The participants had to agree to the study protocol and complete the program.
* After eligibility was verified, written informed consent was obtained.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Older adults taking quinine or sleep medication and those with orthopedic problems or with severe medical problems and co morbidity, which can cause muscular spasms and/or cramps.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of chronic kidney disease and receiving dialysis treatment
* Previous experience of at least 2 or more muscle cramps per month in at least 3 of the last 6 months
* Men or women aged 18 years and older
* Capacity to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients less than 18 years of age
* Women who are pregnant and the human fetus
* Serious, uncontrolled disease (including serious psychological disorders) likely to interfere with the study and/or likely to cause death within the study duration
* Participation in another clinical during the last 12 weeks
* Known allergic reactions against any component of the study drug or its comparator(s)
* Known contraindication to any component of the study drug or its comparator(s)
* Concurrent diseases which exclude the administration of therapy as outlined by the study protocol
* Subjects who, in the opinion of the investigator, are not likely to complete the study for whatever reason.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Biopsy-proven or clinically evident cirrhosis
* Able to perform exercise

Exclusion Criteria:

* Overt hepatic encephalopathy grades 3 or 4
* Cardiovascular complications (pulmonary hypertension, heart failure)
* Diabetes mellitus and microangiopathic complications, or under treatment with insulin
* Renal failure
* Portal hypertension with high risk for variceal bleeding
* Hepatocellular carcinoma
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Signed informed consent before any procedure or assessment is done. Age over 21 years old. Over 4 episodes of documented NLC during 2 weeks of eligibility screening (for the treatment phase).

Insured by Clalit Health Services (CHS). Hebrew speaking

Exclusion Criteria:

Pregnancy Currently taking Quinidine or Magnesium additive Renal failure - serum creatinine more than 2 mg/DL or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 ml/min (the worst, ascertained by the participant electronic records in the last 6 months). If the result is near these limits (i.e. serum creatinin 1.5-2) a second analysis will be done near the study enrollment.

Major neurological disease- ALS, MS, Paraplegia or Quadriplegia.

Answer: B