Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized Controlled Trial of Stabilizing Exercises and Effect on Anticipatory Muscle Control in Patients With Subacute and Chronic Low Back Pain
Brief Summary: Muscular stability is essential to the spinal column to avoid harmful strain and injury to its structures. Sudden postural disturbances impose reactive internal forces through the spine. If the muscles do not react before the internal reactive forces propagate through the spine, there is a short fraction of time where the spinal column may lack sufficient muscular support. Studies have shown that in patients with low back pain deep abdominal and back muscle have a delayed response to reactive forces. The purpose of this study is to verify these findings and to investigate whether tailored interventions can improve the reaction time in stabilizing muscle around the lower spinal column i patients with subacute and chronic low back pain.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18-64 years old
* Current non-specific low back pain persisting \>12 weeks. Mean low back pain intensity for the previous week 4 or greater on a 0 to 10 numerical rating scale (0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain).
* English fluency sufficient to follow treatment instructions and answer survey questions
* Willingness to list comprehensive contact information for at least one (preferably two) friend, family member, or work colleague who will always know how to contact the participant.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Use of yoga in the previous 6 months
* New CLBP treatments started within the previous month or anticipated to begin in the next 12 months
* Pregnancy
* Back surgery in the previous three years
* Specific CLBP pathologies
* Severe or progressive neurological deficits
* Sciatica pain equal to or greater than back pain
* Active substance or alcohol abuse
* Active or planned worker's compensation, disability, or personal injury claims
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Unspecific subacute, subacute remitting and chronic LBP
* Both sexes, 20-60 yrs of age
* LBP between 2-8 on a 11-pt numeric rating scale

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous back surgery
* Sick listed more than one year
* Radiating pain below knee or motor deficits
* Systemic diseases and "red flags"
* Diagnosed psychiatric disease
* Ingoing insurance claim
* Pregnancy
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Self-report having had lower back pain on most days for greater than three months.
2. Can complete a 10 second semi-tandem stand and walk 8' in 6.0 seconds.
3. Report they are not satisfied with their current state of functional ability, based on reporting "dissatisfied" with at least one aspect of physical function on the Satisfaction with Physical Function Scale.
4. Can safely participate in the intervention based upon the physical therapist baseline examination and clinical expertise.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. unilateral or bilateral sciatica that physical therapist determines could make the study intervention unsafe or inappropriate; isolated coccyx pain (based on self-report at screener);
2. dementia or other significant cognitive impairment;
3. movement or motor neuron disorders (e.g., Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis);
4. rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, or other systemic rheumatic disease;
5. hospitalization for a stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or coronary artery revascularization in the past 3 months;
6. significant hearing impairment (must be able to talk on the telephone);
7. psychosis or current, uncontrolled substance abuse disorder;
8. any other health conditions determined by the study team to be contraindications to performing mild to moderate home exercises.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* low back pain for more than 3 months
* patients willing to participate and could participate in an exercise program safely and without cognitive impairments that would limit their participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

* past history of back surgery
* rheumatologic disorders
* spine infections
* spine exercise training in the 3 months before study onset.

Answer: B