Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: A three year prospective, double blinded, placebo controlled, randomized clinical trial in impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) subjects to study the effect of pioglitazone in preventing the conversion to Diabetes.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Both male and female
* Age 35 - 55 years
* No known history of diabetes
* Willing and available for a 3 years study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women
* Subjects with major illness such as cancer, hepatic or cardiac diseases
* Transferable jobs
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Men and women
* All ethnic groups
* 18 years of age and older
* Impaired glucose tolerance by glucose tolerance test (fasting glucose 95-125 mg/dl and 2 hr glucose of 140-199 mg/dl)
* At least one of the following:

  * One or more components of the insulin resistance syndrome (HDL \< 40 mg/dl in females and \<35 mg/dl in males, fasting triglycerides \> 150 mg/dl, blood pressure \> 135/85 mmHg, BMI \> 24 kg/m2, waist circumference \> 102 cm in men and \> 88 cm in women)
  * One or more first degree relatives with type 2 diabetes
  * History of gestational diabetes
  * Polycystic ovarian disease
  * Minority ethnic background (Mexican American, African American, Asian and Pacific Islanders, Native American)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Type 2 diabetes
* Previously treated with thiazolidinediones (ever) or metformin (within one year)
* Previously treated with a sulfonylurea, a meglitinide, an alpha glucosidase inhibitor for more than a week within last year or within the 3 months prior to randomization
* Previously treated with insulin (other than during pregnancy) for more than one week within the last year or within the 3 months prior to randomization
* Cardiovascular disease
* Hospitalization for treatment of heart disease or stroke in past 6 months
* New York Heart Association Functional Class \> 2
* Left bundle branch block or third degree AV block
* Aortic stenosis
* SBP \> 180 mmHg or DBP \> 105 mmHg
* Renal disease
* Anemia
* Hepatitis
* GI diseases (pancreatitis, inflammatory bowel disease)
* Recent or significant abdominal surgery
* Advanced pulmonary disease
* Chronic infections
* Weight loss \> 10% in past 6 months
* Pregnancy and childbearing
* Major psychiatric disorders
* Excessive alcohol intake
* Thiazide use \> 25 mg per day
* Non-selective beta blockers
* Niacin
* Systemic glucocorticoids
* Weight loss or weight gain medication
* Thyroid disease-suboptimally treated
* Active endocrine diseases (Cushing's, acromegaly)
* Plasma triglycerides over 400 mg/dl (despite treatment)
* History bladder cancer
* Hematuria
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Be able to communicate meaningfully with the investigators and be legally competent to provide written informed consent.
2. Age range between 18 to 70 years (inclusive).
3. Female patients must be non-lactating and must either be at least one year post-menopausal, or be using adequate mechanical contraceptive precautions (i.e. intrauterine device, diaphragm with spermicide, condom with spermicide), or be surgically sterilized (i.e. bilateral tubal ligation, bilateral oophorectomy). Female patients who have undergone a hysterectomy are eligible for participation in the study. Female patients (except for those patients who have undergone a hysterectomy or a bilateral oophorectomy) are eligible only if they have a negative pregnancy test throughout the study period. Patients on oral contraceptives or an hormonal implant will be excluded (patches are acceptable as they deliver much lower estrogen systemically).
4. Participants must have the following laboratory values:

   * Hemoglobin ≥ 12 gm/dl in males, or ≥ 11 gm/dl in females,
   * WBC count ≥ 3,000/mm3
   * Neutrophil count ≥ 1,500/mm3
   * Platelets ≥ 100,000/mm3
   * Albumin ≥3.0 g/dl
   * Serum creatinine ≤ 1.8 mg/dl
   * Creatinine phosphokinase ≤ 2 times upper limit of normal
   * AST and ALT ≤ 3.0 times upper limit of normal
   * Alkaline phosphatase ≤ 2.5 times upper limit of normal
5. A diagnosis of NASH by liver biopsy performed within the past 6 months,

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any cause of chronic liver disease other than NASH (such as -but not restricted to- alcohol or drug abuse, medication, chronic hepatitis B or C, autoimmune, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency).
2. Any clinical evidence or history of ascitis, bleeding varices, or spontaneous encephalopathy.
3. Current history of alcohol abuse (alcohol consumption greater than 20 grams of ethanol per day).
4. Prior surgical procedures to include gastroplasty, jejuno-ileal or jejunocolic bypass.
5. Prior exposure to organic solvents such as carbon tetrachloride.
6. Total parenteral nutrition (TPN) within the past 6 months.
7. Subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus.
8. Patients on chronic medications with known adverse effects on glucose tolerance levels unless the patient has been on a stable dose of such agents for 4 weeks before entry into the study. Patients on estrogens or other hormonal replacement therapy, tamoxifen, raloxifene, oral glucocorticoids or chloroquine will be excluded.
9. Patients with a history of clinically significant heart disease (New York Heart Classification greater than grade II), peripheral vascular disease (history of claudication), or diagnosed pulmonary disease (dyspnea on exertion of one flight or less; abnormal breath sounds on auscultation).
10. Patients with severe osteoporosis.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Informed consent obtained
* Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30.0 kg/m\^2 or above
* Body Mass Index (BMI) of 27 kg/m\^2 or above in the presence of co-morbidities of treated or untreated dyslipidemia and/or hypertension
* Stable body weight
* Preceding failed dietary effort

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known type 1 or type 2 diabetes
* Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) of 6.5 % or above (Screening visit 1) or FPG of 126 mg/dL (7 mmol/L) or above (Screening visit 2) or 2 hour post-challenge (OGTT) plasma glucose of 200 mg/dL (11.1 mmol/L) or above (Screening visit 2)
* Screening calcitonin of 50 ng/L or above
* Family or personal history of multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) or familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC)
* Personal history of non-familial medullary thyroid carcinoma
* History of acute or chronic pancreatitis
* Obesity induced by drug treatment
* Use of approved weight lowering pharmacotherapy
* Previous surgical treatment of obesity
* History of major depressive disorder or suicide attempt
* Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure of 160 mmHg or above and/or diastolic blood pressure of 100 mmHg or above)

Answer: A