Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Smoking Young Asthmatics: Change of Inflammation During Tobacco Cessation and Steroid Treatment
Brief Summary: This is a study describing changes in inflammation of the airways in asthmatics before and after smoking cessation and steroid treatment.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Asthmatic symptoms during the last year and at least one criterion of the below:

1. current FEV1-increase of minimum 12% after b2-agonist,
2. positiv Methacholintest,
3. Day-to-day FEV1-variation of at least 20% during a two-week period.
4. Positive mannitol test.

Furthermore, all of the below inclusion criteria:

* At least 10 packyears
* At least 10 cigarettes per day within the last year
* Age 18-40 years

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Asthmatics who have been treated with inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), systemic corticosteroids, leukotrien-antagonists (LTA), long-lasting b2-agonists, anticholinergic medicine or varenicline within the last 3 months
2. Lower respiratory tract infections, including pneumonia, within the last 6 weeks.
3. Patients suffering from other chronic respiratory disease than asthma, such as sarcoidosis and COPD will also be excluded.
4. Pregnant and nursing women will be excluded as well as women planning pregnancy during the study period.
5. A history of allergy towards study drugs will lead to exclusion.

Patients who during the study period develop lower respiratory infections or due to severe uncontrolled asthma receive treatment with any of the above listed types of medicine will be excluded. Patients who are diagnosed with other chronic respiratory disease than asthma during the study period will also be excluded, as well as patients who during the study period require more asthma medicine than the planned study medication.

Any participant who wishes to leave the study, for any reason, including unacceptable side-effects, during the study period will be excluded, as well as anyone who wants to withdraw their recorded data from the project after the study period has ended.

In case of unacceptable side-effects to varenicline resulting in immediate cessation of treatment with this drug, the participant will continue visits unchanged, but he/she will be excluded from the calculations of tobacco cessation succes-rate. However, varenicline cessation up to 4 weeks after treatment start with varenicline will result in exclusion and replacement of the participant.

Cessation of treatment with budesonide will result in exclusion from the rest the study. The person will not be replaced. The data recorded from the participant until the last visit before cessation will be used.

Allergic reactions towards study drugs will result in immediate cessation of the drug, and possible exclusion, as described in the above.

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B: Inclusion Criteria:

* currently smoking at least 10 cigarettes per day (confirmed by high exhaled carbon-monoxide (CO))
* 18 years or older
* interested in quitting within the next 30 days
* one or more pre-defined medical illnesses (including cardiovascular disease, other vascular disease, chronic pulmonary disease, cancer, hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and recurrent pulmonary infections)

Exclusion Criteria:

* contraindications to pharmacotherapy (including unstable angina, myocardial infarction within 2 months, severe arrhythmia, seizure disorder, serious mental illness requiring antipsychotic medications)
* current use of other tobacco products (smokeless tobacco, cigars, pipes, etc.), bupropion, clonidine, nortriptyline, or nicotine replacement medications
* unable to give consent
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Smokes at least 10 cigarettes per day
* Good general health
* Negative pregnancy test prior to study entry

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior exposure to NicVAX or any other nicotine vaccine
* Known allergic reaction to alum or any of the components of the vaccine
* Use of systemic steroids, immunosuppressive agents or other medication that might interfere with an immune response
* Cancer or cancer treatment in the last 5 years
* HIV infection
* History of drug or alcohol abuse or dependence within 12 months
* Significant cardiovascular, hepatic, renal, psychiatric and/or respiratory disease
* Previous intolerance to varenicline
* Inability to fulfill all visits for approximately 54 weeks
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Males or females, ages 18 to 69, with a DSM-IV diagnosis of Schizophrenia or Schizoaffective Disorder, receiving outpatient psychiatric treatment
* Currently taking antipsychotic medication for at least 4 weeks (medication is prescribed, compliance assessed based on self-report and collateral information)
* Current DSM-IV diagnosis of Nicotine Dependence
* Current DSM-IV diagnosis of Alcohol Dependence
* Subject expresses a desire to cut down or quit smoking and drinking (based on assessment with contemplation ladder)
* An average of at least one pack of cigarettes per day (\>=20 cigarettes/day) over the 7 days prior to intake
* An average of at least 7 drinks over the 7 days prior to intake

Exclusion Criteria:

* Inability to give adequate informed consent
* Currently taking sustained - release bupropion (Zyban) or receiving any other form of bupropion, such as Wellbutrin or Wellbutrin SR; receiving another form of pharmacological smoking cessation treatment (e.g., nicotine gum or patch); or participating in another structured, formal smoking cessation program.
* Currently taking naltrexone (ReVia), Campral or Antabuse
* Participation in a clinical trial less than 3 months prior to intake
* History of suicide attempt in the past year
* History of hospitalization due to suicidal ideation in the past year
* Suicidal ideation at baseline
* Known allergic reaction to varenicline
* Female patients of childbearing potential who are sexually active, not sterile, and who deny using a form of birth control.
* Female patients who are pregnant or nursing.
* Significant unstable medical problems (e.g. impaired renal function).
* Significant unstable psychiatric disorders.
* Subjects who do not attend all required screening appointments.
* Subjects who have pending legal proceedings whose outcome may lead to incarceration within 3 months of intake.
* Positive urine drug screen for cocaine, opioids or amphetamine at baseline
* Current DSM-IV diagnosis of Cocaine, Opioid or Cannabis Dependence (1 month prior to enrollment)
* Metal implants or devices (e.g. aneurysm clips, cochlear implants, neural stimulators, cardiac pacemakers)
* Weight over 250 lbs
* Claustrophobia

Answer: A