Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Intermittent Hepatic Inflow Occlusion During Donor Hepatectomy In Adult Living Donor Liver Transplantation Using Right Hemiliver Grafts
Brief Summary: Intermittent hepatic inflow occlusion (IHIO), also called Pringle maneuver, is a safe and effective procedure for major hepatectomy in patients with liver disease. In addition, ischemic preconditioning with IHIO has been reported to have protective effects in patients undergoing liver resection. The role of IHIO, however, has not been fully elucidated in donors and recipients during living donor liver transplantation.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults (18 years old or greater) who are able to provide informed consent.
* Patients who undergo an open, elective liver resection. Including those initially approached laparoscopically but converted to an open resection and those undergoing additional procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active coronary disease.
* Patients with a history of coronary disease will be eligible if they have had a cardiac stress study showing no reversible ischemia and normal LV function within 3 months of operation.
* Active symptomatic cerebrovascular disease.
* Active congestive heart failure and ejection fraction \<35%.
* Active severe restrictive or obstructive pulmonary disease and resting SpO2 \<90%.
* Active renal dysfunction (Cr \>1.8)
* Abnormal coagulation parameters (INR \> 1.8 not on Coumadin, or platelet count \< 100,000 per mcL)
* Presence of active infection including HIV
* Patients with active atrial fibrillation or flutter.
* Preoperative hypoalbuminemia (Albumin \< 2g/dl).
* Female patients who are pregnant (female patients of child-bearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test ≤ 14 days prior to surgery or 15 to 30 days prior to surgery with a negative urine pregnancy test the morning of surgery).
* Presence of ascites.
* BMI \> 45 or \<17
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Both male and female, aged 18 or older
* Patients scheduled to undergo hepatic resection for some benign or malignant hepatobiliary disease
* Child-Pugh class A or B liver function
* BiClamp forceps hepatectomy and clamp-crushing feasible based on preoperative imaging
* No tumor invasion the main vein, hepatic artery and vein and major inferior vena cava
* No extrahepatic metastasis
* Voluntary participation in the study, and informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age \<18 years or\> 65 years , pregnant or lactating women
* Preoperative liver function evaluation: Child-Pugh C grade
* Laparoscopic hepatectomy
* Extrahepatic metastasis
* Tumor invasion the main vein, hepatic artery and vein and major inferior vena cava
* The patient refused to sign the informed consent form
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. patients who were assessed by preoperative medical imagings to have a high risk of backflow bleeding from the major hepatic veins and the IVC, based on the size and location of the tumor. The tumors were ≥5 cm in diameter and they involved the liver segments 7, 8 and/or the cranial portion of segment 4. These tumors were in close proximity or were compressing, but had not actually invaded, the major hepatic veins or IVC
2. Pugh-Child Grade A
3. Indocyanine green retention rate at 15 minutes (ICGR15) \< 10%;
4. acceptable clotting profile (platelet count ≥ 50 ×109/L and prothrombin activity ≥ 60%)
5. no previous liver resection.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. extrahepatic metastases in patients with malignancy;
2. patients who refused to take part in this study.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Donors and recipient of LDLT, saged ≥18 years, who will undergo LDLT with donors undergoing right hemihepatectomy and recipients receiving right hemiliver grafts
* Informed consent agreement

Exclusion Criteria:

* if the recipients has fulminant hepatic failure
* if the graft to recipient body weight ratio (GRWR) is \<0.9
* if a frozen biopsy of the donor liver taken prior to donor hemihepatectomy shows \>30% macrovesicular steatosis
* if liver transplantation is ABO incompatible
* if recipients has received previous organ transplants
* if recipients has received or were scheduled to receive multi-organ transplants

Answer: D