Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effectiveness of a Program of Rehabilitative Exercise and Education to Avert Vascular Events After Non-disabling Stroke: A Multi-site RCT
Brief Summary: The objective of the Program of Rehabilitative Exercise and Education to avert Vascular Events after Non-disabling stroke and Transient ischemic attack (PREVENT) Trial is to determine whether the timely delivery of secondary stroke prevention strategies will reduce modifiable vascular risk factors in two groups of people who have survived NDS or TIA. One group will receive a comprehensive education and exercise program (PREVENT); the other group will receive usual care (USUAL CARE). We will measure modifiable vascular risk factors in both groups. We will also compare the effects of PREVENT vs USUAL CARE on exercise capacity, walking endurance, and daily physical activity. In addition, we will compare thinking ability, depression, achievement of personal goals for healthy behavior, and health-related goal attainment and health-related quality of life. Finally, we will compare outcomes in urban and rural settings as well as costs of the PREVENT program and USUAL CARE in order to assess sustainability of the PREVENT program.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Males and females
* Over 17 years of age.
* Diagnosis of first probable or definite TIA or non-disabling stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale \< 6)
* Post-event interval of \<90 days.
* Residence within 75 km of intervention site.
* Orientation to time, place and person and ability to follow simple 3-step commands.
* Ability and willingness to provide informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Evidence of intracranial hemorrhage on MRI or CT scan.
* Presence of contraindications to exercise testing and training, in accordance with American College of Sports Medicine Guidelines.
* Participation in another study that could potentially confound the outcomes of this trial.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Sedentary
* Overweight or obese (BMI\>25kg/m2)
* Post menopausal
* Previous diagnosis of impaired glucose tolerance

Exclusion Criteria:

* Regular purposeful exercise (≥150 minutes of MVPA per week)
* Physical condition which limits full participation in the study
* Active psychotic illness or other significant illness which, in the view of the investigators, would prevent full participation
* Inability to communicate in spoken English
* Steroid use
* Known Type 2 Diabetes
* Pregnancy
* Male
* Currently taking hormone replacement medication.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* A stroke diagnosis
* Can sit for 10 seconds without support
* Age 18-85
* Trunk Impairment Scale-Norwegian version (TIS-NV) \< 15
* Pre-stroke modified Ranking Scale (mRS) 0-3

Exclusion Criteria:

* Dementia
* Unable to cooperate in physiotherapy
* On-going substance abuse
* Severe co-morbidity preventing rehabilitation, severe neurological diseases such as Parkinson disease, Multiple Sclerosis and brain tumor.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Informed consent
* Clinical diagnosis of first or recurrent stroke, hemorrhage or infarct.
* Recruited within 24 hours of onset of stroke symptoms
* Admission in a stroke care unit
* Consciousness: At a minimum patient must at least react to verbal commands.

Exclusion Criteria:

* pre stroke mRS of 3,4 or 5
* Deterioration in patients condition resulting in direct admission to ICU, decision to palliate or surgery.
* Concurrent diagnosis of rapidly deteriorating disease
* Unstable coronary or other medical condition that is judged by the investigator to impose a hazard to the patient by involvement
* Patients unable to be mobilized within 24 hours of onset. (eg bed rest policy post tPA, lower limb fracture)
* Other interventional trials
* Systolic BP less than 110 or greater than 220mmHg
* Oxygen saturation of less than 92 % with supplementation
* Resting heart rate of less than 40 or greater than 110 beats per minute
* Temperature of greater than 38.5 degrees C

Answer: A