Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: MAM'Out Project - Evaluation of Multiannual and Seasonal Cash Transfers to Prevent Acute Malnutrition
Brief Summary: The MAM'Out research project aims at evaluating a seasonal and multi-annual cash transfer program in the framework of a safety net to prevent acute malnutrition by children under 24 months, in terms of effectiveness and cost-effectiveness in the Tapoa province (East region of Burkina Faso, Africa). The program will be targeted to economically vulnerable households with children less than 1 year old at the time of inclusion and the cash distributed to mothers. The transfers will be assimilated to unconditional ones, leading to beneficiaries' self-determination on the use that will be made of cash. This study will be designed as a two-arm cluster randomized intervention trial, based on randomization of rural villages of the Tapoa province. One arm will receive the intervention and one will be a control arm. The main outcomes will be the cumulative incidence of acute malnutrition (or wasting) and the cost-effectiveness. Anthropometric measures (height, weight and MUAC) will be measured, as well as indicators of dietary diversity, food security, health center frequentation, families' expenses and morbidities. Questionnaires and 24-hour food recalls will also be analyzed. Finally, based on a model theory framework built a priori, the pathways used by the cash to have an effect on the prevention of under-nutrition will be assessed.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria

Participating individuals must:

1. be admitted to a hospital and be HIV-infected at the time of recruitment
2. be at least 18 years old
3. meet one of the following: A) have an AIDS-defining illness during the current hospital admission; or B) have the most recent CD4 count and viral load performed within the past 6 months be \<350 cells/uL and \>200 copies/mL; or C) have the most recent CD4 count and viral load performed within the past 12 months be \<=500 cells/uL and \>200 copies/mL or unknown accompanied by the Site PI's discretion that the patient a) is likely to currently have a viral load \>200 copies/mL, b) is not currently successfully/correctly taking antiretroviral therapy (ART) and c) needs to be on ART
4. report (or have evidence in the medical record of) any opioid and/or stimulant and/or heavy alcohol use within the past 12 months (Note: Medical record evidence may consist of a) positive toxicology screen(s) for stimulants or heavy alcohol or b) clinician notes indicating heavy use of alcohol, use of stimulants or non-prescribed opioids or abuse of prescribed opioids.)
5. have a Karnofsky performance scale index score of \>=60
6. provide informed consent
7. provide locator information
8. sign a HIPAA form / medical record release form to facilitate medical record abstraction
9. report living in the vicinity and being able to return for follow-up visits
10. complete the baseline assessment, including blood draw
11. be able to communicate in English

Exclusion Criteria

Individuals will be excluded from the study if they:

1. do not meet any one or more of the above-described inclusion criteria
2. have significant cognitive or developmental impairment to the extent that they are unable to provide informed consent
3. are terminated via Site PI decision with agreement from study Lead Investigator
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Poor or very poor household (HEA criteria)
* Having at least one children under 1 year old at the time of inclusion

Exclusion Criteria:

* Medium or rich economic status (HEA criteria)
* no child under one year old at the time of inclusion
* not living in one of the 32 selected villages in the Tapoa province
C: Inclusion Criteria:

The eligible population includes patients less than 80 years of age enrolled in primary care clinics at the study sites that meet the following additional inclusion criteria:

* No active prescription for a thiazide diuretic (or a medication that combines a thiazide and another agent (e.g., hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene)
* Prior diagnosis of hypertension, as documented in VA outpatient administrative files
* Two or more visits to a primary care clinic in the prior 12 months;
* Blood pressure above treatment goal at the two most recent VA outpatient clinic visits Above goal is defined as a systolic pressure \>140 mmHg or diastolic pressure \>90 mmHg. For diabetics above goal is defined as systolic pressure \>130 mmHg or diastolic pressure \>80 mmHg
* Blood pressure at goal (as defined above) during one of the last two outpatient clinic visits, but the patient is receiving a prescription for a calcium channel blocker (CCB)

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients meeting the above inclusion criteria will be excluded for the following reasons:

* Documented allergy to thiazides or to sulfa agents
* Previously documented intolerance or adverse drug reaction to thiazide diuretics
* Active prescription for a loop diuretic agent (e.g. furosemide)
* Renal insufficiency, defined by a glomerular filtration rate less than 30 ml/min
* No serum creatinine in the past year (to permit calculation of a creatinine clearance)
* Prior history of hypokalemia or serum potassium less than 3.5 meq/l in the prior year
* Diagnosis of gout or active prescription for allopurinol
* Congestive heart failure (CHF) due to systolic dysfunction with a documented left ventricular ejection fraction \< 35% by echocardiography, nuclear medicine study, or ventriculography
* Residence in a long-term care facility
* No telephone for follow-up calls
* Life-expectancy \< 6 months
* Inability to give informed consent or impaired cognitive function (defined as \> 4 errors on the 10-item Pfeiffer Portable Mental Status Questionnaire82, administered during study intake)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Parent/caregiver receiving HIV care
* Parent/caregiver has one or more children \<13 years old
* Child is HIV exposed (parent/caregiver report or clinic confirmation)
* Caregiver reports child's HIV status is unknown

Exclusion Criteria:

* None

  * The investigators reserve the right to exclude any potential enrollee who is deemed to be at high personal risk, or whose children are at high personal risk, of interpersonal violence, by study participation .

Answer: B