Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Mind/Body Interventions for Chronic Low Back and Neck Pain in Military Personnel
Brief Summary: Our primary aim is to assess the feasibility of conducting yoga research among active-duty military personnel with Chronic Low Back Pain (CLBP) and/or Chronic Neck Pain (CNP). In addition, we will evaluate the yoga intervention preferences and refine an existing yoga intervention to address those needs. The study will prepare us for a R01 funded pragmatic clinical trial of yoga for CLBP and CNP in active-duty military.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Veteran of any branch of military service
* Current low-back pain present for at least half the days over the past 6 months mean pain intensity for the previous week ≥4 on 0-10 rating scale

Exclusion Criteria:

* Significant yoga practice in the previous 6 months
* Have read The Back Pain Helpbook in the previous 6 months
* New LBP treatments started within the previous month or anticipated to begin in the next 3 months
* Known pregnancy
* Known inflammatory or systemic causes of LBP
* Severe and/or progressive medical, neurological, or psychiatric comorbidities
* Inability to understand/speak English
* Plans to move out of the area in the next 6 months
* Lack of informed consent
* Unwillingness to be randomized
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of CLBP or CNP \> 6 months
* Willing to attend a yoga program for 12 weeks
* Willing to complete 3 assessments
* English literacy
* Have had no changes in pain treatments in the past month
* Willing to not change pain treatments during study unless medically necessary
* Have not practiced yoga more than 2x in the last 12 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Back or neck surgery within the last year
* Back or neck pain due to specific systemic problem (e.g., lupus, scoliosis)
* Severe vertebral disk problems,
* Persistent sciatica or nerve compression \> 3 months
* Coexisting chronic pain problem (e.g., migraine headaches, fibromyalgia)
* Serious or unstable psychiatric illness (e.g., psychosis, mania, episode, or substance dependence)
* Major coexisting medical illness (e.g., cancer, COPD, morbid obesity)
* Positive Romberg test (with or without sensory neuropathy)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18-64 years old
* Current non-specific low back pain persisting \>12 weeks. Mean low back pain intensity for the previous week 4 or greater on a 0 to 10 numerical rating scale (0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain).
* English fluency sufficient to follow treatment instructions and answer survey questions
* Willingness to list comprehensive contact information for at least one (preferably two) friend, family member, or work colleague who will always know how to contact the participant.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Use of yoga in the previous 6 months
* New CLBP treatments started within the previous month or anticipated to begin in the next 12 months
* Pregnancy
* Back surgery in the previous three years
* Specific CLBP pathologies
* Severe or progressive neurological deficits
* Sciatica pain equal to or greater than back pain
* Active substance or alcohol abuse
* Active or planned worker's compensation, disability, or personal injury claims
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment or buprenorphine treatment for 3 or more months;
2. Plan to continue this treatment for next 6 months;
3. Chronic pain, defined as pain duration for at least three months (Dworkin et al., 2012), a mean score of 4 or higher on the BPI Pain Interference Scale (C. S. Cleeland \& Ryan, 1994), and pain severity of 4 or higher on a Visual Analog Scale (0-10) indicating "worst pain in the last week"(Breivik et al., 2008; Jensen, Chen, \& Brugger, 2003);
4. No current psychosis;
5. Do not anticipate have surgery in the next 6 months;
6. Not currently taking yoga classes, not practicing yoga once per week or more often at home;
7. Not engaging in meditation once per week or more often;
8. Medically cleared by a primary care physician or SSTAR's OAT physician for mild-moderate physical activity (this is the only criterion NOT required for Phase 1 participants);
9. Not pregnant;
10. Aged 18 or older;
11. Proficiency in English sufficient to engage in informed consent in English and understand classes taught in English.

Exclusion Criteria:

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Answer: B