Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Computer-Assisted Guidance for Tobacco Dependence Interventions in Dental Offices
Brief Summary: Electronic dental records (EDR) are a potentially powerful tool to incorporate current scientific evidence into clinical practice by providing key information at the point of patient care. The investigators know that disseminating evidence-based guidelines is not sufficient to change clinical practice so innovative approaches need to be tested in dentistry. The composite expertise of the investigators and consultants on this project and a large group practice with multiple clinics utilizing one EDR are essential to address the aims of this study. This project will examine whether dentists and hygienists will assess interest in quitting and deliver a tobacco intervention more frequently when provided with computer assisted guidance compared to a control group. Specifically the investigators will measure the delivery of questions assessing willingness to change and appropriate interventions based on willingness to change by measuring the recording of these activities in the EDR and patient receipt of these recommendations through a phone survey. In addition, the study will do a qualitative assessment of the patient perceived value of the provider-patient encounter to further inform us about patient perception of this interaction. The investigators want to know if dental providers will utilize these tools during the dental encounter. If they are used, the investigators would propose further studies examining smoking cessation rates. The investigators were not able to measure cessation rates due to the short two year timeline of this funding mechanism. This tool has potential application for other clinical topics, which makes this approach very innovative when considering the translation of evidence into the unique clinical practice of dentistry.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult dental patient presenting for an exam visit whose most recent history reports the patient is a smoker. Patients had to agree to the phone survey.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Research opt out list
* Patients who discontinued the survey prior to completion(considered withdrawals)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 8-14 years old
* receiving orthodontic care at a participating orthodontic office
* at least 1 year left in braces

Exclusion Criteria:

* participating in 9 or more months of structured
* organized sports for 3 or more days a week, youth who have serious conditions that preclude physical activity or make the child incapable of managing his/her own care will not qualify for this study
* individuals who report anorexia, bulimia or severe, diagnosed depression will not be eligible
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Inclusion criteria for cluster/school

  * High schools registered with Board of Secondary Education Karachi
  * The schools should have at least 15 students in each grade.
  * School authorities grant permission to conduct the research study in their school.

Inclusion criteria (For individual)

* Both Male/ female students from grades 6-10.
* Resident of selected areas where the schools are located for at least one year.

Exclusion Criteria:

-
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Community-based practices with internet access available in the office seeing an average of five or more smokers in a week.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Exclude practices that have ongoing computer-based smoking cessation programs for patients.

Answer: A