Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Does Meal Timing Affect Energy Expenditure
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to find out if meal timing affects calories burned and blood sugar levels.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants must be diagnosed with relapsing MS.
* Participants must be 18 - 60 years old.
* Participants will need to be experiencing a relapse as identified by their neurologist.
* Participants must have body mass index (BMI) of 23 or higher.
* Participants must not have other ongoing diseases in other systems.

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of any chronic disease process (excluding MS) that could interfere with interpretation of results.
* Use of insulin pumps or insulin injections for diabetes.
* Use of drugs like Warfarin or Coumadin that need to monitor the intake of vegetables containing high levels of vitamin K.
* Patients that are required by a physician to follow a special diet or food restriction (diabetic, gastric bypass, soft/pureed food, etc.)
* Alcoholism, psychiatric problems, life situations that would interfere with study participation and compliance.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 18 years
* BMI≥24kg/m2
* Polycystic ovary syndrome has been diagnosed

Exclusion Criteria:

* Taking medications affecting weight or energy intake/energy expenditure in the last 6 months, including weight loss medications, antipsychotic drugs or other medications as determined by the study physician;
* The body weight fluctuated more than 5% in recent 3 months.
* Liver and kidney dysfunction: renal impairment, creatinine clearance rate \< 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, transaminase increased, more than three times higher than the normal limit;
* History of serious cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease (angina, myocardial infarction or stroke) in the past 6 months;
* History of thyroid diseases;
* Having been in pregnancy.
* Researchers believe that there are any factors that affect assessing subjects' participation in trial.
* History of malignant tumors;
* History of Cushing's syndrome, hypothyroidism, acromegaly, hypothalamic obesity;
* Currently participating in weight loss programs or weight change in the past 3 months (\> 5% current body weight)
* Patients who cannot be followed for 16 months (due to a health situation or migration)
* Patients who are unwilling or unable to give informed consent.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Are a new patient at the UAB Weight Loss Medicine Clinic
* Aged 25-75 years old
* BMI between 30-60 kg/m2 (inclusive)
* Weigh less than 450 lbs
* Wake up regularly between 4-9 am on most days.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed with diabetes, have an HbA1c of ≥6.5%, or are on diabetes medication
* On weight loss medication
* Addition of or withdrawal from a chronic medication within the past 10 weeks
* Clinically significant laboratory abnormality (e.g., abnormal hemoglobin levels)
* Significant gastrointestinal disease, major gastrointestinal surgery, or gallstones
* Significant cardiovascular, renal, cardiac, liver, lung, adrenal, or nervous system disease that might compromise the participant's safety or data validity
* Evidence of cancer (other than non-melanoma skin cancer) within the last 5 years
* Unstable psychiatric, sleep, or circadian conditions (common conditions such as sleep apnea and depression are acceptable as long as they are stabilized and not rapidly worsening)
* Lost or gained more than 5 lbs of weight in the past month
* Currently perform overnight shift work more than once per week on average
* Regularly eat within a less than 10-hour period each day
* Regularly eat dinner before 6 pm
* Traveled more than two time zones away in the two months prior to enrolling in the trial
* Will travel more than one time zone away during the study
* Pregnant or breastfeeding
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Are 20-45 years of age
* Have a weight between 150 and 220 lbs
* Have a body mass index between 25 and 35 kg/m2 inclusive (a number calculated from your height and weight)
* If you are a female, have a regular menstrual cycle that is between 25 and 35 days long
* If you are female, had your period within the last 35 days
* Regularly go to sleep between 9:30 pm and 12:00 am
* Regularly eat dinner 9 or more hours after eating breakfast
* Are willing to have about 2/3 cup of your blood stored for future research related to this study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Have diabetes or are on anti-diabetes medication
* Suffer from significant cardiovascular, renal (kidney), cardiac (heart), liver, lung or nervous system disease
* Have stomach or intestinal problems
* Regularly use medications such as steroids, beta blockers, adrenergic-stimulating agents, and laxatives
* Take any medications or supplements known to affect sleep, circadian rhythms, or metabolism (with the exception that certain forms of birth control are allowed)
* Have abnormal lab work that is clinically significant in the opinion of the study physician
* Are pregnant or lactating
* Take the Depo Provera shot, or use an Interuterine Device (IUD) or hormone patch for birth control
* If you are on hormonal birth control, have been on a stable dose for less than 3 months
* Have smoked or used nicotine/tobacco products within the last 3 months
* Regularly do competitive sport training
* Perform overnight shift work an average of one or more times per week
* Have an irregular sleep schedule
* Have an irregular eating schedule
* Regularly drink 3 or more drinks of alcohol per day
* Are not able or are unwilling to eat only the food and drink served to you by Pennington Biomedical, while in the study
* Are not able or are unwilling to refrain from strenuous exercise while participating in the study
* Are not able to spend 2 separate full days (for about 25 hours each) at Pennington Biomedical
* Are not able to maintain a consistent sleep schedule while participating in the study
* Are not able to maintain a consistent eating schedule while participating in the study
* Are not able to stop drinking coffee and other caffeine-containing drinks on the day of and day prior to testing

Answer: D