Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms and Behavioral Problems in Children and Adolescents After Road Traffic Accidents: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to study the effectiveness of an early psychological intervention 7-10 days after a road traffic accident on posttraumatic stress and behavior of children and adolescents


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Age 7-16 y Command of German language Road traffic accident inpatient or outpatient treatment at the University Children's Hospital Zurich no pretraumatic developmental delay

Exclusion Criteria:

severe head injury No command of the German language Age below 7 y or above 16 y Other major systemic illness
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Youth found to exhibit significant trauma symptomatology as evidenced by a score of 38 or above on the previously validated PTSD-RI symptom scale (Murray, et al. 2011) (trauma severity is the main study outcome) will be invited to join the trial. Youth must live in Lusaka, Zambia.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Youth currently receiving psychiatric care
* Youth who are actively suicidal
* Persons who are not mentally competent to give assent or whose legal guardians are not mentally competent to give consent to participate in the intervention
C: Once youth are referred to the study, a screening tool will be administered to determine whether or not they meet eligibility requirements as described below.

The screening tool contains four sections;

1. Consent and Age: assures that participants meet the age requirements
2. Oxford Refugees Psychosocial Adjustment Scale: assesses depression, anxiety and hostility
3. Functioning: assesses the participant's ability to carry out activities of daily living
4. Psychological Analysis: clinician's assessment of the psychological state of the participant.

Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants must be between 15-24 years of age;
* Participants must prefer to have the opportunity to join an educational program but not currently be enrolled in school;
* A participant's total score on the Oxford scale must equal or exceed 30 AND
* Participants must display at least one non-zero score on the functioning questions.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Participant does not plan to reside in the Freetown urban area for the duration of the study (9 months from start date);
* Participant fails to meet age requirements;
* Participant is currently enrolled in school;
* Participant is not in favor of joining an educational program;
* Participant fails to meet Oxford psychosocial or functioning thresholds;
* Participant is judged by clinical staff as:

  * Needing mental health treatment beyond the scope of the YRI
  * Otherwise not suitable for a group treatment setting
* Participant displays the following:

  * Cognitive delays
  * Active suicidality
  * Psychosis
  * Risk of harm to themselves or others

Participants at risk of harm to themselves or others, as well as those requiring treatment beyond the scope of the YRI, will be referred to local mental health or social work treatment facilities as appropriate.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Significant trauma exposure before, during, or after the war (e.g., serious physical injury, life threat, witnessing death or serious injury, traumatic bereavement);
* Significant current distress, especially severe persisting symptoms of PTSD, depression, or traumatic grief;
* Significant functional impairment in family or peer relationships and school performance

Exclusion Criteria:

* Acute risk status (e.g., suicidal plans and intent)
* Psychosis
* Severe substance abuse (severe enough to interfere with engagement in treatment).

Answer: A