Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Orthokeratology for Myopic Control in Chinese Children - a Randomized Clinical Trial
Brief Summary: The primary aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the eyeball elongation in children wearing orthokeratology lenses and single-vision spectacles.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Myopia between -0.50 and -6.00
* Eso fixation disparity at 33cm with distance correction
* Astigmatism 1.00 or less
* Ability to wear soft contact lenses

Exclusion Criteria:

* Presence of ocular disease preventing wear of contacts
* Pregnancy or nursing
* Use of certain medications
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Written Informed Consent from parent and assent from child has been obtained
2. Children aged 6 to 12 years
3. Refractive error of spherical equivalent -2.00 D or worse in each eye as measured by cycloplegic autorefraction
4. Active myopia progression of at least spherical equivalent -0.50 D over the last 12 months as determined or suggested by refractive records or change in lens power
5. Astigmatism of less than or equal to -1.50 D as measured by cycloplegic or non-cycloplegic autorefraction
6. Distance vision correctable to logMAR 0.2 or better in both eyes
7. A difference between non-cycloplegic subjective spherical refraction and cycloplegic subjective spherical refraction of not greater than -1.00 D
8. Normal intraocular pressure of not greater than 21 mmHg
9. Normal ocular health other than myopia
10. In good general health with no history of cardiac or significant respiratory diseases
11. No asthma-requiring medications in the past one year
12. No allergy to atropine, cyclopentolate, proparacaine and benzalkonium chloride
13. Willing and able to comply with scheduled visits and other study procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Ocular or systemic diseases which may affect vision or refractive error
2. Any ocular condition wherein topical atropine is contraindicated
3. Defective binocular function or stereopsis
4. Amblyopia or manifest strabismus including intermittent tropia
5. Previous or current use of atropine or pirenzepine
6. Any other conditions precluding adherence to the protocol including unwillingness to refrain from contact lens wear for the duration of the study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Myopia (refractive sphere): \> 0.50D and ≤ 4.00D
* Astigmatism: \< ½ of myopia; with-the-rule astigmatism (axes 180 +/- 30) ≤1.25D; astigmatism of other axes ≤ 0.50D
* Spherical equivalent (SE): \> 0.75D and ≤ 4.50D
* Anisometropia: ≤ 1.50D in both refractive sphere, refractive cylinder and SE
* Best corrected monocular visual acuity: equal to or better than 0.10 in logMAR scale in both eyes
* Willingness for randomization
* Willingness to wear contact lenses or spectacles on a daily basis
* Availability for follow-up for at least 2 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Strabismus at distance or near
* Contraindication for contact lens wear and orthokeratology (e.g. limbus to limbus corneal cylinder and dislocated corneal apex
* Prior experience with the use of rigid lenses (including orthokeratology)
* Prior experience with myopia control treatment (e.g. refractive therapy or progressive add spectacles)
* Systemic or ocular conditions which may affect contact lens wear (e.g. allergy and medication)
* Systemic or ocular conditions which may affect refractive development (e.g. Down syndrome, ptosis)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Prior to being considered eligible to participate in this study, each subject MUST:

  1. Be between 8 and 12 years of age inclusive at the baseline examination.
  2. Have:

     1. read the Informed Assent,
     2. been given an explanation of the Informed Assent,
     3. indicated an understanding of the Informed Assent and
     4. signed the Informed Assent Form.
  3. Have their parent or legal guardian:

     1. read the Informed Consent,
     2. been given an explanation of the Informed Consent,
     3. indicated an understanding of the Informed Consent and
     4. signed the Informed Consent Form.
  4. Along with their parent or guardian, be capable of comprehending the nature of the study, and be willing and able to adhere to the instructions set forth in this protocol.
  5. Along with their parent or guardian, agree to maintain the visit schedule and be able to keep all appointments as specified in the study protocol for the duration of the study
  6. Agree to accept either the control or test lens as assigned by the randomisation scheme.
  7. Agree to wear the assigned contact lenses for the duration of the 2 year study and to inform the study investigator if this schedule is interrupted. (Wearing time may be modified by the study staff for health reasons.)
  8. Possess wearable and visually functional eyeglasses.
  9. Be in good general health, based on his/her and parent's/guardian's knowledge.
  10. Have best-corrected visual acuity by manifest refraction of +0.10 logMAR (20/25 Snellen equivalent) or better in each eye.
  11. Meet the following refractive criteria determined by cycloplegic autorefraction at baseline:

      1. Spherical Equivalent Refractive Error (SERE): between -0.75 and -4.00 D inclusive.
      2. Astigmatism: \< -0.75 D
      3. Anisometropia: \< 1.00D

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects may not be considered eligible if ANY of the following apply:

  1. Subject has previously or recently worn soft or rigid gas permeable contact lenses, including orthokeratology lenses.
  2. Subject appears to exhibit poor personal hygiene (that in the investigator's opinion might prevent safe contact lens wear).
  3. Subject is currently or prior to this study has been an active participant in another clinical study.
  4. Parent / guardian or close relative is a member, of the office staff, including the investigator(s).
  5. Current or prior use of bifocals, progressive addition lenses, atropine, pirenzepine or ANY other myopia control treatment.
  6. Subject was born earlier than 30 weeks or weighed less than 1500g (3.3lb) at birth.
  7. Regular use of ocular medications (prescription or over-the-counter), artificial tears, or wetting agents.
  8. Current use of systemic medications which may significantly affect contact lens wear, tear film production, pupil size, accommodation or refractive state. Such as, but not limited to: long term use of nasal decongestants (for example, pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine), antihistamines (for example, chlorpheniramine, diphenhydramine), Prednisolone or Ritalin (methylphenidate).
  9. A known allergy to fluorescein, benoxinate, proparacaine or tropicamide.
  10. A history of corneal hypoesthesia (reduced corneal sensitivity), corneal ulcer, corneal infiltrates, ocular viral or fungal infections or other recurrent ocular infections.
  11. Strabismus by cover test at far (4 m) or near (40 cm) wearing distance correction.
  12. Known ocular or systemic disease such as, but not limited to: anterior uveitis or iritis, episcleritis or scleritis, glaucoma, Sjogren's syndrome, lupus erythematosus, scleroderma, or diabetes.
  13. Any ocular, systemic or neuro-developmental conditions that could influence refractive development. Such as, but not limited to: persistent pupillary membrane, vitreous hemorrhage, cataract, corneal scarring, ptosis eyelid hemangiomas, Marfan's Syndrome, Down's syndrome, Ehler's-Danlos syndrome, Stickler's syndrome, ocular albinism, retinopathy of prematurity.
  14. Keratoconus or an irregular cornea.
  15. Biomicroscope findings that would contraindicate contact lens wear including, but not limited to:

      1. corneal scars within the visual axis
      2. neovascularisation or ghost vessels \> 1.5 mm in from the limbus
      3. Any active anterior segment ocular disease that would contraindicate contact lens wear.
      4. giant papillary conjunctivitis of Grade 2 or worse
      5. allergic or seasonal conjunctivitis (if the study investigator believes it could significantly interfere with maintaining the specified contact lens wearing schedule)
      6. clinically significant (Grade 3 or 4) abnormalities of the anterior segment, lids, conjunctiva, sclera or associated structures.
  16. The investigator for any reason considers that it is not in the best interest of the subject to participate in the study.
  17. Have pathological myopia To be eligible to begin the study, a subject must have ALL of the inclusion criteria and NONE of the exclusion criteria present.

Answer: C