Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: To Compare Measures of Central Nervous System Maturity of Visual Acuity, Language, Mental and Motor Skill Development in Term Infants Following Maternal Supplementation Wit the n-3 Fatty Acid Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) During Gestation.
Brief Summary: Polyunsaturated fatty acids known as n-3 fatty acids are essential dietary nutrients for humans, and are known to be important to reducing the risk of certain diseases, particularly those related to neural system, cardiovascular system and immune system. Among the different n-3 fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is present in particularly high amounts in the brain and retina, and is accumulated in large amounts in these organs during the last trimester of fetal development and first few months after birth. The n-3 fatty acids are present in the diet as linolenic acid which is found in vegetable and seed oils, and as DHA which is only found in animal tissue fats, with fatty fish being the richest dietary source. Humans are able to convert linolenic acid to DHA, but the conversion is believed to be slow in human and possibly inadequate to support the needs for DHA for the developing brain. Information from our work and those of others has suggested that DHA is important during pregnancy, however specific evidence is lacking to show that the DHA status of pregnant women in low, or that improvement in the DHA status of Canadian women during pregnancy will have benefit to early infant an child development. There is no evidence that infants of vegans and vegetarians, or women who do not eat DHA are at risk for developmental delays. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether a dietary supplement of DHA during pregnancy has any effect on infant birth weight, or indices of infant growth, visual, mental and motor skill development.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant 8-20 wks at enrollment
* single fetus
* BMI \<40

Exclusion Criteria:

* diabetes (Type I, ii, GDM)
* hypertension (primary, PIH, preeclampsia/eclampsia)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 12-16 weeks gestation
* Low risk pregnancy
* Expected to deliver single full term
* No maternal metabolic or infectious disease
* No known fetal complications.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Gestational age \<= 15th week of gestation
* Age: 18-43 years
* Written informed consent
* Body mass index (BMI) before pregnancy between 18 and 30 km/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

* High risk pregnancy
* Hypertonus
* Chronic diseases (i.e. diabetes mellitus)
* Psychiatric diseases
* Former supplementation with LC-PUFA
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant women before 19 weeks gestation, with healthy uncomplicated singleton pregnancies, but whose babies are at risk of atopy (i.e. one or more first degree relatives affected).
2. Not habitual consumers of oily fish (\< 2 portions of oily fish per month excluding tinned tuna).
3. Not using fish oil supplements (currently or in the last 3 months)
4. Age 18-40 y.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Habitual consumer of oily fish (\> 2 portions of oily fish per month excluding tinned tuna).
2. Use of fish oil supplements within the previous 3 months.
3. Not willing for essential identifiable information being stored for tracking purposes.
4. Participation in another research study.
5. Known diabetic and/or other auto-immune disease, e.g. SLE, MS, Thyroid Disease.
6. Adults with learning disabilities.
7. Adults who have a terminal illness.
8. Adults with mental health problems.

Answer: B