Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Enhanced Resilience Training to Improve Mental Health, Stress and Performance in Resident Physicians
Brief Summary: Burnout and overwhelming stress are growing issues in medicine and are associated with mental illness, performance deficits and diminished patient care. Among surgical trainees, high dispositional mindfulness decreases these risks by 75% or more, and formal mindfulness training has been shown feasible and acceptable. In other high-stress populations formal mindfulness training has improved well-being, stress, cognition and performance, yet the ability of such training to mitigate stress and burnout across medical specialties, or to affect improvements in the cognition and performance of physicians, remains unknown. To address these gaps and thereby promote the wider adoption of contemplative practices within medical training, investigators have developed Enhanced Stress Resilience Training, a modified form of MBSR - streamlined, tailored and contextualized for physicians and trainees. Investigators propose to test Enhanced Stress Resilience Training (ESRT), versus active control and residency-as-usual, in surgical and non-surgical residents evaluated for well-being, cognition and performance changes at baseline, post-intervention and six-month follow-up.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Participants will be frontline hospital or long-term care home staff involved in the management of COVID-19 patients in Canada or The United States of America.
2. Participants will be aged 18 to 70.
3. Participants will be willing and able to attend, via WebEx software, the introductory phase of SKY or HEP, as well as at least two of the four weekly follow-up sessions
4. Have sufficient hearing to follow verbal instructions.
5. Have an adequate understanding of English.
6. Able to sit without physical discomfort for 60 minutes.
7. Not pregnant and willing to remain not pregnant for the duration of the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Inability to independently provide informed consent.
2. Current suicidality as assessed by the suicide item of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scale.
3. History of bipolar disorder.
4. History of chronic PTSD.
5. History of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder.
6. Currently practice any type of formal meditation, mindfulness, or breathing techniques regularly (greater than 3 times per week).
7. History of complex PTSD.
B: Inclusion criteria:

* Ages between 18 and 45 years
* BPD criteria according to two diagnostic interviews (SCID-II and DIB-R)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lifetime diagnosis of schizophrenia, drug-induced psychosis, organic brain syndrome, bipolar disorder or mental retardation
* Participating in any sort of psychotherapy during the study or having participated in dialectical behavioral therapy groups in the past
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Any consented medical intern from Emergency Medecine, Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Family Practice, OBGYN and Surgery Depratments in-coming to University of California San Francisco in the study year.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current personal mindfulness practice, once a week or more frequent;
* Use of medications with Central Nervous System effects;
* Lifetime history of an organic mental illness;
* Acute or chronic immune or inflammatory disorders;
* Pregnancy;
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Workers over the age of 19 and under 65
* In the Perceived Stress Scale 14 points or more
* If you are currently taking medication due to psychiatric illnesses such as depression, anxiety disorder, insomnia, etc., if the stabilizer is expected to have no change in drug dose during the clinical trial
* If you understand the protocol and voluntarily agree to participate
* If you have an Android phone

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age under 19, adult over 65
* If you have dementia, intellectual disability, or other cognitive impairment
* If you have convulsive disorder, stroke, or other neurological disorder
* If you have psychosis such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder or you have a history
* If you have a disease that can affect the reliability of HRV test, such as heart disease or lung disease.
* Has received non-pharmacological psychiatric or counseling treatment within the current or last 6 months.

Answer: C