Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Patient Experience and Bowel Preparation for Transvaginal Surgical Management of Vaginal Prolapse
Brief Summary: Preoperative bowel preparation for surgical management of pelvic floor disorders is performed inconsistently, and includes no prep, the use of dietary changes or bowel altering interventions. Retrospective studies of emergency colonic surgery first demonstrated a low rate of infectious complications without a bowel prep. Recently, data supporting the routine use of mechanical cleansing for elective colorectal surgery has demonstrated the surgical outcomes are similar between patients that undergo a bowel preparation versus those that do not, indicating that the long held dogma of mechanical bowel preparation should be used selectively. Despite routine use, there is a paucity of literature addressing the approach to, and/or need for preoperative bowel management at the time of vaginal reconstructive or obliterative surgery. The majority of the pelvic floor disorder population is older, tending to have more bowel dysfunction (especially symptoms of constipation) than younger women.

The aim of this study is to evaluate preoperative bowel management strategy as it relates to the total care of the vaginal surgery patients' intra-and post-operative bowel function and overall patient experience. Two commonly used pre-operative bowel prep strategies: no preoperative bowel prep versus clear fluids and 2-enema prep. The aim is to assess the value of bowel preparation or diet change in vaginal surgery, both from the physician's and patient's point of view. In this pilot study, subjects are randomized to either a clear liquid diet the day prior to surgery with 2 enemas and nothing by mouth (NPO) after midnight, or NPO after midnight without any dietary changes or enemas.

Our aims are:

\*Primary - To assess the surgeons' objective intraoperative evaluation of the effects of bowel preparation (adequate visualization, stooling during case, difficulty with bowel handling) \*Secondary - (1)To characterize the patients' experience and acceptance of preoperative bowel management regimen versus no preoperative bowel preparation(2) To characterize the patients' postoperative experience and determine if the preoperative bowel regimen affects time to first bowel movement/first normal stool as well as stool experience as recorded by bowel diary (3)Evaluate the incidence of complications between the two groups (4)Characterize other descriptive qualities of the patients' operative experience(duration of case, length of hospital stay)


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 19
* Female
* Undergoing transvaginal reconstructive surgical intervention for vaginal prolapse (apical suspension and posterior compartment repair required, other concurrent surgery allowed)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Male
* Pregnant, planning pregnancy, or less than 1 year from delivery
* History of total colectomy or prior ileostomy
* Inflammatory bowel disorder (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis) formally diagnosed
* Inability to understand written study material (including non-English speaking)
* Inability to give consent
* Presently diagnosed colorectal cancer
* Undergoing chemotherapy and/or radiation
* Chronic constipation suggestive of colonic inertia defined as fewer that 3 stools per week (Rome III guidelines)
* Severe neurological diseases (such as Multiple Sclerosis)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Women between the ages of 18 and 70 years
* Patients of the Division of Urogynecology at Good Samaritan and Bethesda North Hospitals in Cincinnati, Ohio
* Scheduled to undergo major vaginal reconstruction
* Must undergo total vaginal hysterectomy, anterior repair, posterior repair, enterocele repair, and intraperitoneal vault suspension. The addition of suburethral sling is not a cause for exclusion.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Allergy to acetaminophen
* Liver disease (chronic or active)
* Chronic alcohol use (\>1 drink/day)
* Bleeding diathesis
* Renal disease
* Opiate dependent or daily use
* History of chronic pain
* Mental or cognitive disorder preventing patient to accurately verbalize pain levels
* Undergoing abdominal or laparoscopic procedures at the time of surgery
* Allergy to hydromorphone
* Surgery is not performed under general anesthesia
C: Inclusion Criteria:

All patients undergoing the following laparoscopic pelvic reconstructive procedures for pelvic organ prolapse:

* Laparoscopic sacrocervicopexy
* Laparoscopic sacrocolpopexy
* Laparoscopic sacrohysteropexy
* Laparoscopic uterosacral ligament suspension

Who understand and are willing to comply with the study requirements, including agreeing to answer the preoperative and postoperative questionnaires

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous abdominal or laparoscopic colon surgery (not including transrectal procedures)
* History of abdominal malignancy
* History of surgical debulking for previous malignancy
* Non-english speaking
* Pregnancy
* Hx of abdomino-pelvic radiation
* Contraindications to Sodium Phosphate
* Contraindications to laparoscopic surgery
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Undergoing urogynecologic surgery
* Receive postoperative catheterization

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age less than 21 years old
* Pregnancy
* Allergy, contraindication or intolerance to Nitrofurantoin
* Do not speak English
* Dependent on trans-urethral catheter to accomplish voiding preoperatively
* Undergoing interstim device placement, urethral diverticulum surgery or fistula surgery
* Sustain intraoperative urinary tract injury requiring postoperative catheterization

Answer: A