Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: In-Person VS. Computer Interventions for Increasing Probation Compliance
Brief Summary: Substance abuse treatment in the criminal justice system can reduce drug use and related criminal behavior. Although drug and alcohol treatment are common mandates in criminal justice programs, only a minority of clients actually initiate treatment. This proposal will compare two intervention formats that target motivation to initiate and engage in treatment among a group of probationers who have drug or alcohol treatment conditions. Six hundred drug and alcohol offenders in two probation sites (Baltimore, MD and Dallas, TX) will be randomized to receive: 1) an in-person motivational interviewing session (MI), 2) a motivational computer program (MC), or 3) supervision intake and monitoring as usual (SAU). The MI condition will be structured along the lines of the "Check-Up" format which consists of an assessment and personalized feedback delivered in an MI style; the content of the MC condition will be drawn from previous literature on effective motivational computer programs. Both interventions will be delivered at the start of the probation process, with follow-up assessments at 2 and 6 months. Primary outcomes include engagement and participation in substance abuse treatment; secondary outcomes include drug and alcohol use, probation progress, criminal behavior, and HIV testing and care. This project will be the first to develop and test two interventions for encouraging criminal justice clients to follow through with treatment recommendations, with the goal of increasing treatment initiation, and reducing subsequent drug use and criminal behavior. It also contributes to ongoing partnerships with two large probation agencies-the Dallas County Supervision and Corrections Department and the Maryland Division of Parole and Probation.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* \>=18 years old
* Drug or Alcohol use in the last 90 days

Exclusion Criteria:

* \<18 years old
* Cannot speak English
* Already participate in a substance abuse treatment
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Meets DSM-IV criteria for opioid dependence
2. Age \> 18 years
3. Confirmed HIV infection, either through positive HIV antibody or detectable HIV-1 RNA level.
4. Within the Connecticut Department of Corrections (CTDOC) or Hampden County Correctional Center (HCCC) and within 30 days of being released to the greater New Haven, Hartford or Springfield areas or within 30 days after release from CTDOC or HCCC.
5. No participation in pharmacotherapy trial in the previous 30 days
6. Not pregnant

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Unable to provide informed consent
2. Verbally or physically threatening to research staff
3. Unable to communicate in either English or Spanish
4. Pending trials for a felony
5. Liver failure (Childs-Pugh Class B or C Cirrhosis)
6. Grade IV Hepatitis (liver function tests \> 10X normal)
7. Receiving opioid prescription narcotics or has pain syndrome necessitating future use of opioid prescription narcotics.
8. Receiving active methadone or buprenorphine/naloxone for the treatment of opioid dependency
9. Active opioid withdrawal (within 3-5 days since last opioid ingestion)
10. Pregnancy or unwilling to take contraceptives measures
11. Breast-feeding
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Parolees enrolled in Amity's Amistad's program;
2. Age 18-60;
3. Discharged from prison or jail within the last six months;
4. History of drug use 12 months prior to most recent incarceration;
5. Previously homeless prior to most recent incarceration; and
6. Willing to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Monolingual speakers of languages other than English; and
2. Persons judged to be cognitively impaired by the research staff.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* The sample for the study will be drawn from an offender population who are within 2-3 weeks of their release from MCJ or CRDF in Los Angeles County. In addition, subjects must be:

  * At least 18 years of age
  * English or Spanish speaking
  * Not subject to extended jail or prison sentence
  * Able to provide informed consent to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Study exclusion criteria:

  * Inability to provide informed consent to study participation because of cognitive impairment.
  * Inability to communicate in either English or Spanish
  * Refusal to complete Locator form for follow-up.

Answer: A