Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Role of Body Shadow in Improving Virtual Reality Rehabilitation: Preliminary Data From BTS Nirvana
Brief Summary: Purpose of the article: aim of the present study was to detect the differences between the presence or not of body shadows during a virtual reality (VR) training with BTS NIRVANA (BTsN). Materials and methods: In this pilot study, we enrolled 20 post-stroke rehabilitation inpatients, who underwent a neurocognitive-rehabilitative training consisting of 24 sessions (three times a week for 8 weeks) of BTsN. All the patients were randomized into two groups: Semi-immersive virtual training with (S-IVTSgroup) or without (S-IVTgroup) body shadows.

Each participant was evaluated before (T0), and immediately (T1) after the end of the training by a skilled neuropsychologist through the administration of a complete battery, and by a skilled neurologist to assess motor functions.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* age between 18-90 years old
* hemisyndrome (central paralysis of the upper extremity, and all degrees of weakness: M0 - M5 on the paresis scale) as a result of a first stroke
* sub-acute lesion not more than 6 weeks post ictus

Exclusion Criteria:

* insufficient state of consciousness
* severe aphasia
* severe cognitive deficits
* severe pathologies of the upper extremity of traumatic or rheumatic nature
* severe pain in the affected arm
* Patients with pacemakers and other active implants
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke occurring at least 6 months prior to enrollment
2. Age range from 20 to 90 years
3. MMSE score ≥ 19
4. MoCA\<26
5. Self- or informant-reported memory or cognitive complaints or CDR scale ≤ 0.5
6. Able to follow the study instruction
7. Adequate cardiopulmonary function to perform aerobic exercise
8. Able to walk with or without assistive devices

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Unstable medical history (e.g., recent myocardial infarction) that might limit participation
2. Concomitant with other neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis)
3. Current participation in another interventional trial
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* The inclusion criteria were: ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke in the chronic phase (i.e., at least 6 months from the acute neurological event); inability to stand independently for more than one minute; ability to sit for at least 20 minutes (including at least one minute without support); presence of moderate to mild cognitive impairment (Mini-Mental State Examination from 10 to 23);

Exclusion Criteria:

* absence of disabling sensory alterations, severe psychiatric and other medical illness.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Neurological diagnosis of stroke in the post-acute phase (3 months from the acute event); age between 40 and 80; and Caucasian ethnicity; a FIM motor score equal to or greater than 30 and moderate to mild cognitive impairment (MoCA\> 18); Fugl-Meyer scale score of\> 18;

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients with a history of concomitant neurodegenerative diseases or brain surgery; severe cognitive or language impairment; systemic, bone or joint disorders; presence of disabling sensory alterations; concomitant medical and psychiatric illness that could interfere with VR training.

Answer: C