Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Training Dual-Task Walking After Stroke: Effects on Attentional and Locomotor Control
Brief Summary: Community ambulation is a highly complex skill requiring the ability to adapt to increased environmental complexity and perform multiple tasks simultaneously. Deficits in dual-tasking may severely compromise the ability to participate fully in community living. Unfortunately, current rehabilitation practice for stroke fails to adequately address dual-task limitations; individuals with stroke continue to exhibit clinically significant dual-task costs on gait at discharge. As a result, many stroke survivors are living in the community with residual deficits that may increase disability in the real world and lead to falls with devastating consequences. To address this issue, the proposed study investigates the efficacy of dual-task gait training on attention allocation and locomotor performance in community-dwelling stroke survivors. Because walking in the real world often requires time-critical tasks and obstacle avoidance, the investigators will test the impact of dual-task gait training on cognitive-motor interference during walking at preferred speed and at maximal speed (Aim 1), and on locomotor control during obstacle negotiation (Aim 2). The investigators will also evaluate the effects of the intervention on community reintegration and participation (Aim 3).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Within 3 years of stroke onset
* Living in the community, operationally defined as living in one's own home, or the home of a friend, relative, or caregiver
* Walking speed 0.6-1.1 m/s determined during 10-meter walk test
* Walk without the assistance of another person
* Medically stable and approved for participation by study physician
* Intact global cognition indicated by score \> 23 on Montreal Cognitive Assessment
* Living in the community prior to stroke

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pre-existing neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, dementia, traumatic brain injury)
* Previous stroke with residual motor deficit
* Uncontrolled hypertension
* Inability to follow 3-step command
* Primary uncontrolled hearing impairment
* Severe uncontrolled visual impairment
* Any speech-language impairment affecting ability to respond verbally to auditory stimuli
* Timed Up and Go test \> 15 seconds
* Lower extremity amputation
* Any orthopedic problem affecting gait
* Concurrent participation in another clinical trial
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects aged 40 years or older.
* Patients with a clinical diagnosis of stroke; symptoms lasting 24 hours or more.
* Computed tomography (CT)-scan of the brain must either show a new infarct or be normal. Patients only with infarcts without clinical symptoms cannot be included.
* Inclusion shall take place before day 90 after stroke onset.
* Informed consent after verbal and written information.
* The patient must be able to walk either unaided or with a cane or a walker.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who are unable to understand the information, or who cannot cooperate, are excluded.
* Patients confined to a wheelchair or bed.
* CT-scanning showing intracranial haemorrhage or focal pathology other than infarction, cerebral atrophy, or leucoaraiosis.
* Modified Rankin score of 4 or 5 before the actual stroke.
* Serious medical disease such as AIDS, metastatic cancer, or abnormalities that the investigator feels may compromise the patient's successful participation in the trial.
* Earlier randomisation in this trial.
C: Study population: Subjects with a diagnosis of stroke

Inclusion Criteria:

* first stroke (\<6 months ago)
* presence of hemiparesis in the lower extremity
* minimum Berg Balance Score (BBS) of 30/56
* cognitive ability to give informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* bilateral stroke, or a previous stroke in the other hemisphere
* severe co-morbidity that is likely to dominate the pattern of care
* co-existing peripheral neuropathies or disorders of the vestibular apparatus
* musculoskeletal problems
* global aphasia or receptive aphasia
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Ability to understand Swedish language.
* Ability to walk 5 meters with or without the support of any means or person.
* Be able to get up on a cycle ergometer and cycle in their own chosen pace.
* Approval of medically responsible physician to conduct physical training in groups.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Medical or neurological diseases that may affect the exercise execution.
* Patients for whom transportation to and from hospital can not be arranged during intervention period

Answer: A