Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Pilot Study on the Use of Acupuncture for Postpartum Depression
Brief Summary: The proposed study is a randomized controlled trial to examine the efficacy and safety of active acupuncture versus placebo acupuncture for the treatment of postpartum depression. The investigators hypothesis is that active acupuncture would be superior to placebo acupuncture in the short-term treatment of postpartum depression.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Eligible participants were pregnant women, aged 18 to 40 years, with major depressive disorder onset between their 16th week (second trimester) and 32nd week (third trimester) of gestation at the Department of Obstetrics.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects were excluded with a DSM-IV diagnosis of bipolar disorders, psychotic disorders, substance abuse or dependence for at least 3 months, or any Axis-II diagnosis of borderline or antisocial personality disorder.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Ethnic Hong Kong Chinese aged 18 years or above;
* Within 6 months of giving birth;
* Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) (Cox et al., 1987) score higher than or equal to 12 or being diagnosed as depressed by their obstetrician;
* Meeting the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-IV diagnosis criteria for major depressive disorder;
* 17-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS17) (Hamilton, 1960) score of between 12 and 19 at screening and baseline assessment;
* Willingness to give informed consent and comply with trial protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Suffering from other psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, bipolar disorder or substance use disorder;
* Serious physical illnesses or mental disorders due to a general medical condition which are judged by the investigator to render unsafe;
* A significant risk of suicide according to the rating of HDRS17 item 3 (score higher than 2), i.e., presence of ideas or gesture of suicide;
* A presence of idea of self-harming according to the rating of EPDS item 10 (score higher than 0);
* A significant risk of infanticide according to the investigator assessment;
* Any acupuncture treatment during the previous 12 months prior to baseline;
* Valvular heart defects, bleeding disorders or taking anticoagulant drugs;
* Infection or abscess close to the site of selected acupoints;
* Herbal remedies or psychotropic drugs that are intended for depression are taken within the last 2 weeks prior to baseline or during the study.
* Receiving counseling or psychological therapies at baseline or during the study;
* Participation in any clinical trial within the previous 3 months prior to baseline;
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* German-speaking
* Medically healthy with normal ocular function
* Pregnancy 4 through 32 weeks gestation based on first trimester ultrasound
* DSM-IV diagnosis of major depressive disorder
* SIGH-ADS \[Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD) with Atypical Depression Supplement\] score of \>20
* Able to provide informed consent
* Preferably untreated; exception when on antidepressant for more than 3 months without any improvement, keeping medication constant during the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* DSM-IV diagnoses of bipolar 1 or 2 disorder or any psychotic episode
* Substance abuse within the last 6 months
* Primary anxiety disorder
* Recent history of suicide attempt (6 months)
* Delayed sleep phase disorder or hypersomnia with habitual sleep onset later than 1 a.m. or wakening later than 9 a.m.
* Obstetrical care or medications for medical disorders which might confound treatment results
* Fetal malformations and intrauterine fetal death
D: Inclusion Criteria:- Meet criteria for a current major depressive episode with an HRSD(17) score of at least 14.

* Ambulatory women (age³18) with a viable pregnancy,
* Pregnancy between 22 and 30 weeks of gestation
* Fluent in English

Exclusion Criteria:- Meeting criteria for a primary Axis I disorder in past 2 months, other than unipolar depression or social phobia

* Seasonal affective disorder or episode duration of 2 years or more (chronic depression)
* Abnormal results on a laboratory screen that will include a thyroid panel and a drug screen.
* Serious uncontrolled medical conditions or conditions that may be a medical basis of a depression.
* Cluster B personality disorders.
* Confounding treatments for depression, including any psychotherapy, herbs, or pharmacotherapy.
* Current use of any prescribed psychotropic medication or any medication that impacts mood.
* Treatment with ECT or vagal nerve stimulation during the last year.
* Current active suicidal potential necessitating immediate treatment.
* Absence of prenatal care from an OBGYN practitioner in the community.
* Any condition that necessitates bed rest.

Answer: B