Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Acceptability and Effectiveness of Household Water Chlorination in Reducing the Prevalence of Diarrhea Among Under Five Children in Eastern Ethiopia
Brief Summary: The Millenium development goals (MDGs) call for reducing by half the proportion of people without sustainable access to safe drinking water. This goal was adopted in large part because safe drinking water has been seen as critical to fighting diarrheal disease. Source protection is considered the main intervention area to achieve this goal. However, research worldwide that has shown that even drinking water which is safe at the source is subject to frequent and extensive fecal contamination during collection, storage and use in the home. This contamination is through the introduction of cups, dippers or hands, contamination by flies, cockroaches, and rats. Even piped water supplies of adequate microbial quality can pose infectious disease risks if they become contaminated due to unsanitary collection, storage conditions and practices within households.

To reduce this problem, point-of-use water treatment has been advocated as a means to substantially decrease the global burden of diarrhea and to contribute to the MDGs. However, research indicates that there are many unanswered questions around Household water treatment (HWT) that require small or medium scale epidemiological studies and randomized controlled trials, especially with regard to effectiveness, acceptability and identifying suitable target populations. Some of the most urgent questions to be resolved are:(1) How much of the currently cited disease reduction of HWT is due to bias? (2) What is the effect of HWT on nutritional status (weight gain and growth)?(3) At which populations should HWT be targeted? (4) Is it acceptable and sustainable in poor communities where the risk of diarrheal disease is high.

hypothesis: Do household water treatment with chlorine reduce diarrhea among underfive children? hypothesis: Do household water treatment with chlorine acceptable in the community?


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Consent of Community Leadership
* Permanent residence in village
* Consent of both parents and all other adult household members
* Age 6 months to 5 years
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Presence of one or more children aged less than 5 years in the household

Exclusion Criteria:

* Chlorinated piped water source available in household
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* All children under five years of age in the randomly selected clusters of Kersa district

Exclusion Criteria:

* seriously sick children in the randomly selected clusters of Kersa district
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Be a pregnant HIV-infected female presenting prior to 34 weeks gestation who has already chosen to breastfeed after receiving counseling on infant feeding choices according to UNAIDS guidelines which includes counseling and education about the overall benefits of breast feeding as well as the risks of HIV transmission to the infant inherent in breastfeeding.
2. Report that they plan to reside in Kisumu for the next 2 years
3. Be able to give competent, informed consent if \>18 or have a parent or guardian who can do the same in the case of a minor.
4. Be willing to comply with study requirements if they meet study eligibility criteria.
5. Meet the following laboratory criteria at enrollment (Efforts will be made to address potentially correctable abnormalities such as anemia, prior to enrollment)

   1. Documentation of HIV-1 infection according to the Kenyan National PMCT testing algorithm.
   2. Serum creatinine \<1.5 mg/dl
   3. Hgb \>7.0 g/dL
   4. Absolute neutrophil count \> 1000 cells/ml
   5. Platelet count \>50,000/ml
   6. SGPT \< 2.5 times upper limit of normal
   7. Documentation of CD4 count results prior to beginning study drug; which will be used to determine the appropriate HAART regimen -i.e ZDV/3TC/NVP or ZDV/3TC/NLF
   8. Documentation of Hepatitis B and C infection status (Hepatitis B surface antigen and Hepatitis C antibody)
6. Have signed consent and met clinical and laboratory eligibility criteria in order to be enrolled in the trial by 34-36 weeks gestation (preferably at 34 weeks).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Is participating in other HIV vaccine or antiretroviral trials.
2. Has substantial hypersensitivity to any benzodiazepine, including Nevirapine.
3. Has history of prior substantial intolerance or severe allergic reaction to Nevirapine, Zidovudine, Lamivudine or Nelfinavir.
4. For women who will be placed on NVP, ongoing treatment with rifampin, anticoagulants, benzodiazepines, and magnesium sulfate at time of planned enrollment. For those women who will be placed on NLF, ongoing treatment with amiodarone, quinidine, ergot derivative drugs, rifampin, pimozide, St John's work, lovastatin, simvastatin, midazolam or triazolam
5. Has evidence of clinically significant cardiac, respiratory, hepatic, gastrointestinal, endocrine, hematologic, psychiatric, neurologic, or allergic disease that would compromise the ability of the participant to complete the study or the study requirements as determined by the principal investigator or designated associate. The clinical significance of any abnormality is to be evaluated in the context of the safety of the patient volunteer and the objectives of this study.
6. Has a history of cytotoxic chemotherapy within one month prior to study entry or current diagnosis of malignancy for which systemic therapy is expected to be required during the period of study.
7. Blood pressure \> 160 mm Hg systolic or \> 110 mm Hg diastolic.
8. Chronic alcohol or illicit drug use.
9. Women who become pregnant again during the study follow-up will NOT be eligible for re-enrollment in the trial if they were enrolled for their previous pregnancy.

Answer: C