Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: KULeuven Intensive Insulin Study in Pediatric Intensive Care Patients
Brief Summary: In a previous study, the investigators showed that tight blood glucose control with insulin during intensive care reduced morbidity and mortality in adult intensive care patients. Whether this intervention also improves prognosis of pediatric intensive care patients remains unknown. The current prospective, randomized, controlled study will asses the impact of intensive insulin therapy on outcome of patients in a pediatric intensive care unit. On admission patients will be randomly assigned to either strict normalization of blood glucose according age adjusted values or the conventional approach, in which insulin infusion is initiated only when blood glucose exceeds 215 mg/dl to maintain blood glucose levels between 180-200 mg/dl.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Documentation of informed consent
* Inborn
* Gestational age between 23 weeks and 0/7 days and 29 weeks and 6/7 days
* If subject is transferred to another hospital, the ability to obtain follow-up data on outcomes
* No major anomalies
* Ability to begin parenteral nutrition within the first 48 hours after birth

Exclusion Criteria:

* Outborn
* Gestational age \< 23 weeks or \>= 30 weeks
* Any major congenital anomalies
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients admitted to any of the five intensive care units
2. Older than 18 years
3. Nutritional risk screening score (NRS) higher or equal to three upon ICU admission

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with a do not resuscitate (DNR) code or moribund at the time of ICU admission
2. Patients already enrolled in another trial
3. Patients transferred from another intensive care unit with an established nutritional therapy
4. Patients suffering from ketoacidotic or hyperosmolar coma on admission
5. Patients with a body mass index (BMI) below 17 kg/m\^2
6. Short bowel syndrome
7. Patients known to be pregnant or nursing
8. Patients on mechanical ventilation at home
9. NRS score lower than three
10. Patient readmitted to ICU after randomization to the EPaNIC trial.
11. Patient not critically ill on admission. (No clinical indication for central intravenous catheter or patient ready for oral nutrition on admission.)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Cardiovascular failure and/or respiratory failure:

  1. Cardiovascular Failure: Dopamine or dobutamine \> 5 mcg/kg/min, or any dose of epinephrine, norepinephrine, phenylephrine, milrinone or vasopressin if used to treat hypotension.
  2. Respiratory Failure: Acute mechanical ventilation via endotracheal tube or tracheostomy.
* Age \>= 2 weeks and corrected gestational age \>= 42 weeks
* Age \< 18 years (has not yet had 18th birthday)

Exclusion Criteria:

* No longer has cardiovascular or respiratory failure (as defined in inclusion criterion 1), or is expected to be extubated in the next 24 hours
* Expected to remain in ICU \< 24 hours
* Previously randomized in HALF-PINT
* Enrolled in a competing clinical trial
* Family/team decision to limit/redirect from aggressive ICU technological support
* Chronic ventilator dependence prior to ICU admission (non-invasive ventilation and ventilation via tracheostomy overnight or during sleep are acceptable)
* Type 1 or 2 diabetes
* Cardiac surgery within prior 2 months or during/planned for this hospitalization (extra-corporeal life support or non-cardiac surgery is acceptable)
* Diffuse skin disease that does not allow securement of a subcutaneous sensor
* Therapeutic plan to remain intubated for \>28 days
* Receiving therapeutic cooling with targeted body temperatures \<34 degrees Celsius
* Current or planned ketogenic diet
* Ward of the state
* Pregnancy
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit and anticipated to require intensive care for at least 24 hours

Exclusion Criteria:

* Expected stay \< 24 hours
* Therapy restriction upon admission
* No informed consent
* Other study enrollment

Answer: D