Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Combination of Scheduled Reduced Smoking With Varenicline to Enhance Cessation
Brief Summary: This study has three main aims. Aim 1: To provide initial data on the efficacy of combined Scheduled Gradual Reduction (SGR) and Varenicline (VN) for smoking cessation, by assessing abstinence and levels of smoking at 2 time points (4 and 12 weeks post quit). Aim 2: To explore the possibility that SGR+VN will be particularly efficacious among smokers with higher background levels of Cue Reactivity (CR), as assessed at the start of the study, using a classic experimental smoking CR paradigm. Aim 3: To explore possible mechanisms underlying the effects of SGR+VN, by assessing potential mediators (i.e., self-efficacy, cue-induced cravings) of treatment effects.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* The investigators will recruit patients who are assessed in preadmission clinic and scheduled for elective surgical procedures within the next 8 to 30 days.
* Patients should be 18 yrs of age, have smoked an average 10 cigarettes/day or more during the previous year and had no period of smoking abstinence longer than 3 months in the past year.

Exclusion Criteria:

* current pregnancy, breastfeeding;
* major depression, panic disorder, psychosis, or bipolar disorder within the prior year;
* use of nicotine replacement or bupropion within the previous 3 months;
* cardiovascular disease within the past 6 months;
* a serious or unstable disease within the past 6 months;
* drug or alcohol abuse or dependence within the past year;
* and use of tobacco products other than cigarettes or marijuana use within the previous month;
* participating in any other studies
* Patients who cannot understand English or have any form of cognitive impairment will be excluded.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* An age of at least 18 years,
* A cigarette consumption of at least 15 cigarettes per day in the last 3 months, and
* The willingness to contribute EUR 70 to the treatment costs, regardless of the treatment modality.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any psychiatric diagnosis except nicotine or caffeine dependence,
* Any current psychopharmacological treatment,
* Known hypersensitivity to bupropion,
* Epilepsy,
* Liver cirrhosis,
* Brain tumor,
* Pregnancy (verified by an immunological test at the intake interview and 3 weeks after the first day of the first menses occurring within treatment),
* Lactation,
* Any serious or unstable cardiac,
* Renal,
* Hypertensive,
* Pulmonary,
* Endocrine, or neurologic disorder,
* Ulcers,
* Dermatologic disorders,
* Current use of other smoking cessation treatments, and
* Regular use of any noncigarette tobacco product
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18-75 years old
* Reports smoking at least 10 cigarettes per day AND provides a urine sample that tests positive for nicotine metabolites at intake
* Contemplating a smoking cessation attempt in the near future
* Willing to engage in a practice quit attempt during which they will be asked to smoke on one occasion
* Able to give informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently meets Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM-IV) criteria for depression, bi-polar disorder, or schizophrenia
* History of attempted suicide or expresses any current suicidal ideation
* Pregnant, breast feeding, or planning to become pregnant within the next 3 months
* Reports desire for immediate treatment of tobacco/nicotine dependence
* Severe impairment of renal function indicated by Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) less than 30 ml/min calculated using the Cockcroft and Gault prediction method (plasma creatinine adjusted by weight, gender, and age)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Current cigarette smoker
* Averages at least 10 cigarettes/day for 5 or more years
* DSM-IV diagnosis of Nicotine Dependence
* Breath carbon monoxide \> 6 ppm
* Motivated to quit: score \> 8 on Contemplation Ladder
* Age \> 18 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current illicit substance use
* Other tobacco use (e.g., cigar, pipe)
* History of psychosis
* Past or current cardiovascular disease
* Impaired renal functioning
* Pregnancy
* Nursing
* Current treatment for smoking cessation
* Clinically significant depressive symptoms (CES-D \> 16)
* Current suicidal ideation

Answer: D