Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized Trial of an Interdisciplinary Communication Intervention to Improve Patient and Family Outcomes in the Intensive Care Unit
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to improve care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) by focusing on communication with family members of patients who are too sick to make decisions about their own care while they are in the ICU. The randomized trial will test the efficacy of a communication intervention designed to improve communication between families and clinicians through the use of a facilitator. Outcome evaluation occurs at the level of the individual family with surveys completed by families and clinicians.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

The subjects that will be included are relatives of patients. The patients must be

1. Adults
2. Receiving invasive mechanical ventilation
3. Intubated in the first 48 hours of ICU admission
4. For an expected duration of mechanical ventilation \> 48 hours
5. With a life expectancy of at least 5 days and a SAPS 2 at baseline \< 75
6. Who received a visit within 24 hours after intubation. Only one relative will be included.

Exclusion Criteria:

* person unable to read French
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years of age or older
* Surrogate decision maker for ICU patient in one of 5 UPMC ICU's

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-English Speaking
* Surrogate's loved one is for organ transplantation
* Not physically able to participate in family meeting
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients, family members, clinicians attending ICU family conferences, and nurses evaluating the quality of care.
* All ICU patients are eligible if they meet the age criteria, have been in the ICU for at least 12 hours, have acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation at the time of enrollment, and have an APACHE II score/SOFA score or other diagnosis that predicts a 30-50% or greater risk of mortality.
* Eligible family members and/or friends may include any of the following: legal guardians, durable power of attorney for healthcare, spouses, adult children, parents, siblings, domestic partners, other relatives, and friends; if they meet the age criteria, and understand English well enough to complete informed consent and study materials.
* Eligible clinicians include those who are present during a family conference and may include physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, social workers, respiratory therapists, and clergy.
* All critical care nurses are eligible to participate in the evaluation if they have provided care to a patient on or before the shift in which he or she died or was discharged from the ICU.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Legal or risk management concerns (as determined by the attending physician or via hospital record designation);
* Psychological illness or morbidity; and
* Physical or mental limitations preventing ability to complete questionnaires.
* Patients will be excluded if they do not have at least one family member who is eligible and willing to participate in the study.
* A patient who is readmitted to the ICU, if the patient was enrolled and discharged previously, will not be eligible.
* Post-operative patients who have been admitted to the ICU after a scheduled surgery without complications will be excluded. These patients may meet other eligibility criteria (ventilation, APACHE scores, etc.) within the first 12 to 48 hours of admission, but will usually improve quite rapidly after that period.
D: Inclusion criteria:

1. Diagnosis of HF from either systolic or diastolic dysfunction, with an ejection fraction of ≤ 40%
2. Completion of an outpatient HF visit within the past 6 months
3. Ability to read, write, and speak in English

Exclusion criteria:

1. Short BLESSED cognitive score \> 10 to rule out significant cognitive impairment;82
2. Diagnosis of any additional terminal illness with life expectancy of ≤ 1 year not related to heart disease
3. Psychiatric illness that required hospitalization in the past year; and (4) age less than 18 years

Answer: C