Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Role of Shoe Cushioning, Body Mass and Running Biomechanics on Injury Risk: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The main goal is to investigate the influence of shoe cushioning and body mass on the risk of running-related injury. This study will allow to determine if shoe cushioning needs to be adapted to the mass of the runner in order to minimize injury risk. The influence of shoe cushioning on running technique will also be investigated.

This study consists in a 6-month follow-up period during which leisure-time runners are required to perform a running activity at least once a week and to upload all their running as well as other sporting activities onto a secured web-based training calendar named "Training and Injury Prevention Platform for Sports" (TIPPS) on a weekly basis. Any injury sustained during this period should also be uploaded onto the TIPPS system using the injury questionnaire provided on the website. Finally, the day of the visit to the laboratory (study start), their running style will be analysed during a 15-minute run on an instrumented treadmill at the participant's usual running speed. Anthropometric measurements will also taken.

Before the beginning of the study, the participants will receive a pair of running shoes free of charge. These shoes will either have a soft or hard sole. Both shoe versions have cushioning properties that correspond to the range of values from the shoes available on the market. They will be administered through random allocation. Neither the participants nor the research team will know which shoe version was provided to the participant, in order to respect the double-blinded methodology of this study. The participants will be required to use these shoes for all running sessions, and only for running activities.

Hypotheses:

H1: Running shoes with greater stiffness are associated with a higher injury risk in leisure-time runners.

H2: High body mass is associated with a higher injury risk in leisure-time runners.

H3: Runners with a high body mass experience a lower injury risk in shoes with greater stiffness.

H4: A higher step length, a lower step frequency, and higher peak vertical impact forces are associated with a higher injury risk.

H5: Running shoes with greater stiffness will be associated with higher vertical impact peak forces and a shorter contact time.

H6: High body mass will be associated with higher peak vertical impact forces, increased contact time, increased duty factor, and decreased step frequency.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Hard cushioned running shoes; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Hard cushioned running shoes | Arm Label: Soft cushioned running shoes; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Soft cushioned running shoes | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Hard cushioned running shoes; Assigned to Arm(s): Hard cushioned running shoes | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Soft cushioned running shoes; Assigned to Arm(s): Soft cushioned running shoes
B: Arm Label: Strengthening; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Strengthening | Arm Label: Balance Training; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Balance Training | Arm Label: Stretching; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Stretching | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Strengthening; Assigned to Arm(s): Strengthening | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Balance Training; Assigned to Arm(s): Balance Training | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Stretching; Assigned to Arm(s): Stretching
C: Arm Label: Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: SHRED Osteoarthritis program | Arm Label: Control; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: SHRED Osteoarthritis program | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: SHRED Osteoarthritis program; Assigned to Arm(s): Control, Intervention
D: Arm Label: Experimental; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Experimental | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Experimental; Assigned to Arm(s): Experimental

Answer: A