Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Validation of a Vital Signs and Symptoms Decision Tree and the Effect of a Point-of- Care CRP Test, Oxygen Saturation, a Brief Intervention and a Parent Leaflet on Diagnosing, Antibiotic Prescribing Rate and Parental Satisfaction in Acutely Ill Children in Primary Care."
Brief Summary: Acute illness is the most common presentation of children attending ambulatory care settings. Serious infections (e.g. meningitis, sepsis, pyelonephritis, pneumonia) are rare, but their impact is quite large (increased morbidity, mortality, induced fear in parents and defensive behaviour in clinicians). Early recognition and adequate referral of serious infections are essential to avoid complications (e.g. hearing loss after bacterial meningitis) and their accompanied mortality. Secondly, we aim to reduce the number of investigations, referrals, treatments and hospitalisations in children who are diagnosed with a non-serious infection. Apart from the cost-effectiveness, this could lead to less traumatic experiences for the child and less fear induction for the concerned parent. Finally, we aim to support the clinicians to rationalise their antibiotic prescribing behaviour, resulting in a reduction of antibiotic resistance in the long run.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients aged ≥1 year presenting to selected primary healthcare centres
* Tympanic temperature \>37.5°c or history of fever ≤ 14 days.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients that in view of the study nurse are in need of emergency referral to a higher-level facility, as indicated by either 1) impaired consciousness or 2) inability to take oral medication.
* In sites that routinely test for malaria, patients with a positive malaria rapid diagnostic test or microscopy will be excluded
* The main complaint is a trauma and/or injury
* Suspicion of tuberculosis (any medical history and/or physical examination suggesting tuberculosis)
* Suspicion of Urinary Tract Infections (any medical history and/or physical examination suggesting urinary tract infections)
* Suspicion of local skin/dental abscess (any medical history and/or physical examination suggesting a local skin/dental abscess
* Any presenting symptom present for more than 14 days
* Bleeding, including otorrhagia, haematemesis, haemoptysis, haemorrhagic petechiae, haematuria, bloody diarrhoea.
* Not able to comply with the follow-up at Day 5 (+ / - 1 day).
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients with lower respiratory tract infections/acute cough (including acute bronchitis, pneumonia, and infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma),
* age 18 years or older,
* an illness of less than 28 days duration,
* first consultation for the illness episode,
* being seen in a physician's office,
* written consent to participate.

Exclusion Criteria:

* an inability to fill out study documentation,
* being previously included in the study,
* immunocompromised status (HIV patients, immunosuppressive treatment),
* ongoing treatment with oral corticosteroids
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥2 months and \<60 months of age
* Written informed consent from the child's parent or caregiver
* Axillary temperature ≥37.5°C and/or tympanic temperature ≥38.0°C
* History of fever for ≤7 days
* First consultation for the current illness
* Live in the catchment area of the health facility

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age 60 months or greater
* Age less than 2 months
* Weight less than 2.5kg
* Chief health problem is an injury, trauma or acute poisoning
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients aged 1 month to 16 years with an acute illness for a maximum of 5 days are included consecutively.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children are excluded if the acute episode was caused by a merely traumatic or neurological illness, intoxication, psychiatric or behavioural problem without somatic cause, or an exacerbation of a known chronic condition. If a physician includes children twice in the study within 5 days, the second registration is considered a repeated measurement on the same subject and is subsequently excluded from the analysis.

Answer: D