Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: PDA+: A Personal Digital Assistant for Obesity Treatment
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether including a PDA decision support tool plus distance support enhances the outcomes attainable by the MOVE2! (Managing Obesity for Veterans Everywhere) standard care alone. Primary hypotheses are that obese patients with chronic pain who are randomized to MOVE2! + PDA + Support will a) lose more weight by 6 months, b) show greater maintenance of weight loss at 12 months, and c) display greater reduction in pain intensity and pain-related disability than those randomized to Standard Care. Secondary hypotheses are that MOVE2! + PDA + Support, compared to Standard Care will result in: a) improved quality of life, b) greater treatment adherence, and c) reduced care utilization.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Have a BMI of 27-45
* Currently use an Android smartphone
* Have cell phone connectivity at home and work
* Uses a smartphone every day

Exclusion Criteria:

* Under the age of 18 and over the age of 65;
* BMI under 27 or over 45;
* Not interested in losing weight;
* Does not currently own a smartphone;
* Smartphone type and/or version not meeting app requirements;
* No phone connectivity at home and work;
* Unable to walk unaided for ¼ mile without stopping;
* Has a condition that precludes dietary changes (i.e. ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, active diverticulitis, renal disease);
* On a medication affecting weight;
* Type 1 or 2 diabetes;
* Had gastric bypass surgery;
* Had or plans to have gastric bypass surgery during the study period;
* Pregnant/lactating;
* Has bipolar disorder, substance abuse, bulimia, or severe depression;
* Lost 5% or more body weight in the last 3 months;
* Has not experienced emotional eating over the last week;
* On medication affecting weight;
* Has concerns about being audiotaped;
* Prisoner;
* Unable to provide consent; or
* Non-English speaking
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* BMI between 30-40
* weight stable (not gained/lost more than 25 lbs in the past 6 months)
* not enrolled in any formal weight-loss program
* interested in losing weight
* willing and able to record dietary intake and weight for 6 months and wear an accelerometer
* willing to attend 8 weekly groups and 2 follow up assessments at the Northwestern Chicago campus
* expect to reside in the Chicago land area for the next 12 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* any unstable medical conditions (i.e. uncontrolled hypertension, diabetes, unstable angina pectoris, myocardial infarction, transient ischemic attack, cancer undergoing active treatment, a cerebrovascular accident within the past 6 months)
* history of insulin-dependent diabetes
* Crohn's disease
* diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea requiring intervention
* required use of an assistive device for mobility (i.e. cane, wheelchair)
* BMI \> 40
* hospitalization for a psychiatric disorder within the past 5 years
* those at risk for adverse cardiovascular events with moderate intensity activity
* those currently taking weight loss medication or committed to following an incompatible dietary regimen
* women who are pregnant, trying to get pregnant, or lactating
* Bulimia Nervosa
* suicide ideation
* current binge eating disorder
* those currently taking medications known to cause weight gain (i.e. Prednisone, Depakote, Diebeta, Diabinese, Cardura, Inderal, Zyprexa)
* current substance abuse or dependence
* plantar fasciitis
* current substance and/or alcohol dependence
* depression
* ADHD
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Child must be between 10 and 17 years old
* Child and at least one of their parents must be able to read at the grade 5 level or above
* Parent participant must be the caregiver with whom the child primarily lives
* Families must have a computer or mobile device and internet access at home
* Child participants must be either overweight or obese, as defined by the age and gender specific WHO cut-offs for children and adolescents aged 5 to 19

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of any musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, or orthopedic problems or disabilities precluding the participant from being physically active
* Any other physical condition that precludes the participant from being physically active
* Diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa
* Diagnosis of Type I diabetes
* Dietary restrictions or special diets that limit a participant's ability to eat a variety of foods
* Simultaneous participation in another physical activity, nutrition, or weight management study/program
* Use of medication, nutritional supplements, or herbal preparations to help lose weight
* Pregnancy
* A history of psychiatric problems or substance abuse which would interfere with adherence to the study protocol
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with BMI \>25 will be recruited from the primary care clinics at Hines Hospital VAMC. Enrollment of patients with this BMI criteria allows comparability with other obesity behavioral treatment trials. The enrollment policy is also consistent with the 2005 VA/DoD Practice Guideline that recommends obesity treatment for all Veterans with BMI \>25.
* Male or female Veterans
* Age \>18
* With chronic pain (Numeric Rating Scale of pain intensity \[NRS-I\] \> 4 for \> 6 months prior to enrollment)
* Ready to make a weight loss effort involving diet and activity change
* Able to communicate comfortably in English.
* The primary pain complaint must be possibly related to obesity (e.g., back, knee, leg, neck, arm, or full-body pain, and not exclusively headache or cancer-related pain).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Has an active eating disorder or substance abuse disorder --Participating in another VA-funded research project -Significant cognitive or sensorimotor impairment precluding use of the PDA
* Already participating in a structured diet or exercise program or plans to begin such a program outside the study during the next year; requires use of an assistive device for mobility
* At risk for adverse cardiovascular events with moderate intensity activity
* Plans to relocate within the upcoming year

Answer: D