Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Hand Hygiene Promotion Activities: Effect on Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Anaemia Among School-aged Children in Eastern Tigray, Ethiopia: a Factorial Randomised Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Impact exerted by intestinal parasitic infections is much higher in developing countries. School-aged children are at higher risk from the burden of disease, because they specially have many parasitic infections. The poor health results in deficits in physical and cognitive development and educational achievements. Nowadays, there is huge commitment among the global community to control intestinal parasitic infections and to improve nutritional status of young children in developing countries.

Large-scale anthelminthic drug administration through vertical control programmes is still required for the foreseeable future and is, therefore, recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, due to the inevitability of re-infection in endemic areas, children need to be treated regularly, and once morbidity control is consolidated, the strategy must shift to transmission control emphasising access to clean water and adequate sanitation. To lower dependency on 'drug only' approach and to enhance sustainability, from the onset of control activities, complementary measures should be implemented, that depend on available resources.

Therefore, the investigators are proposing to undertake a randomised controlled trial to assess the impact of simple and easy-to-do hand hygiene intervention packages (hand washing with soap and hand finger nail clipping) on intestinal parasitic infection prevalence, intensity and re-infection rates and on haemoglobin concentration and anaemia prevalence rates among 6-15 years old schoolchildren. Our results will provide solid evidence on if and how hand hygiene practice affects infection prevalence and re-infection rates, as well as, anaemia prevalence among the highly vulnerable age group.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Water Quality; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Water Quality | Arm Label: Sanitation; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Sanitation | Arm Label: Handwashing; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Handwashing | Arm Label: Combined Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Water Quality, Behavioral: Sanitation, Behavioral: Handwashing | Arm Label: Nutrition; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Nutrition | Arm Label: Nutrition + Combined Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Water Quality, Behavioral: Sanitation, Behavioral: Handwashing, Dietary Supplement: Nutrition | Arm Label: Active control arm; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Passive control arm; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Water Quality; Assigned to Arm(s): Combined Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing, Nutrition + Combined Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing, Water Quality | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Sanitation; Assigned to Arm(s): Combined Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing, Nutrition + Combined Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing, Sanitation | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Handwashing; Assigned to Arm(s): Combined Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing, Handwashing, Nutrition + Combined Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Nutrition; Assigned to Arm(s): Nutrition, Nutrition + Combined Water, Sanitation, and Handwashing
B: Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Shoes; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: Shoes | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Shoes; Assigned to Arm(s): Shoes
C: Arm Label: Hand hygiene; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Hand washing with soap and hand finger nail clipping | Arm Label: Hand finger nail hygiene; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Hand washing with soap and hand finger nail clipping | Arm Label: Hand and finger nails hygiene; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Hand washing with soap and hand finger nail clipping | Arm Label: Customary practice; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Hand washing with soap and hand finger nail clipping | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Hand washing with soap and hand finger nail clipping; Assigned to Arm(s): Customary practice, Hand and finger nails hygiene, Hand finger nail hygiene, Hand hygiene
D: Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Handwashing Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Scaling Up Handwashing Behavior Change | Arm Label: Sanitation Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing | Arm Label: Combined; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing, Behavioral: Scaling Up Handwashing Behavior Change | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing; Assigned to Arm(s): Combined, Sanitation Intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Scaling Up Handwashing Behavior Change; Assigned to Arm(s): Combined, Handwashing Intervention

Answer: C