Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Neuroregeneration Enhanced by TDCS in Stroke
Brief Summary: Testing the hypothesis that non-invasive brain stimulation by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) combined with functional training in the subacute phase of first-ever stroke will enhance functional regeneration compared with a Placebo intervention.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* stroke with at least slight deficit

Exclusion Criteria:

* epilepsy
* contraindication to tDCS and/or to fMRI
* presence of metal in the head
* inability to understand / complete behavioral tasks
* chronic intake of alcohol or recreational drugs
* major health condition
* presence of pacemaker (for the fMRI part only)
* pregnancy
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Haemorrhagic or ischaemic stroke diagnosis has to be confirmed by the consultant appointed at the rehabilitation centre on the basis of CT or MRI imaging
* Patients with a history of first stroke
* Stroke onset within five months
* Patients who are able to sit independently for 30 seconds on a stable surface
* Hospitalized in the rehabilitation hospital RevArte
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* A score of 20 or higher on the Trunk Impairment Scale
* A score of 2 or lower on the Functional Ambulation Categories
* Patients suffering from other neurological and orthopaedic disorders that could influence motor performance and balance
* Patients not able to understand instructions
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subacute stroke patients (5-45 days after stroke) with thromboembolic non-hemorrhagic subcortical or cortical, first clinically overt stroke will be included. Moderate to moderately severe upper-extremity hemiparesis, defined as an Upper Extremity Fugl-Meyer score (UEFMA) between 20 and 58 (inclusive).

Exclusion Criteria:

* pre-existing large lesions (\> 1.5 cm maximum diameter) in a brain area that belongs to the anatomically established sensorimotor/premotor system
* progressive stroke
* completely lesioned hand knob area of M1 affected if no motor evoked potentials (MEPs) elicited by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) are present
* bilateral motor impairment
* florid alcohol and/or drug abuse
* florid severe psychiatric illness (e.g. schizophrenia)
* severe language disturbances that prevents the patient to give informed consent or inhibit adequate scoring because of insufficient understanding of scoring introductions
* tumor diseases with a life expectancy less than one year
* increased intracranial pressure
* polyneuropathy and/or ischemic peripheral disease if the sensorimotor functions of the upper extremities are affected clinically relevant
* severe cognitive deficits (MMSE ≤ 23)
* pregnancy
* contraindication for MRI or TMS
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Chronic (\> 6 months) stroke patient
* Aged 18-79 years
* Motor deficit in the upper limb due to the stroke

Exclusion Criteria:

* Absence of recordable MEPs from the ADM after TMS
* Absence of voluntary movement (Fugl-Meyer \< III)
* Head injury or the presence of intracranial metal or intracranial lesions
* History of cranial irradiation
* History of epilepsy
* Presence of a pacemaker
* Taking anticonvulsant or neuroleptic medication
* Substance abuse
* Inability to understand instructions
* History of psychiatric disorders

Answer: C