Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Role Of Saccharomyces Boulardii in Preventin Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Brief Summary: Probiotics are favorable microorganisms that regulate the flora of the gastrointestinal system and stimulate the immune system. Necrotizing enterocolitis incidence is 10-25% in newborn infants whose birth weights are \< 1500 gr. Although bifidobacterium and lactobacilli sp. have been used to reduce the incidence of NEC in clinical trials, Saccharomyces boulardii has not been used in the prevention of NEC in very low birth weight infants yet. The objective of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of orally administered S boulardii in reducing the incidence and severity of NEC in very low birth weight infants.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Very low birth weight infants \< 1500 gr

Exclusion Criteria:

* Genetic anomalies
* Not willing to participate
* Allergy to S. boulardii components
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Weight between 800 - 1500g
* Tolerating enteral feeding within 48 hours
* Having obtained his/her parents or legal representative informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Chromosomal abnormality
* Hydrops featalis
* Congenital malformation of the gastrointestinal tract
* Congenital heart defects or other major congenital abnormalities likely to affect feeding and/or feeding tolerance
* Currently participating in another clinical trial
C: Inclusion Criteria:

The inclusion criteria consists of all patients suffering from HD at an age of less than 13 years old, and HD is confirmed by postoperative pathological examination, barium enema and anorectal manometry.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age\> 13 years old
* Patients are complicated with mental, neurological disorders (such as hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy, epilepsy and dementia) or can not thrive.
* Patients are complicated with congenital gastrointestinal malformations (such as anal stenosis, intestinal atresia stenosis), metabolic and endocrine diseases caused by organic constipation and functional constipation in children.
* Children are complicated with liver, kidney dysfunction, blood disorders, immune deficiency diseases and significant ECG abnormalities.
* Children have taken oral antibiotics, microecological modulator, yogurt, other gastrointestinal motility drugs which can affect the gut flora.
* Drug allergies, or allergic diseases..
* Poor compliance with oral probiotics treatment.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients eligible for enrollment will include all pediatric patients suffering from HD at an age of 12 months or younger. All patients will require consent by either parent or adult guardian

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients will be excluded if children that are deemed hemodynamically unstable and require immediate operative intervention, age more than one year of age, as this may mean very delay in diagnosis and may affect the study results, or infants having major congenital anomalies with short life expectancy. Additional exclusion criteria are those patients' parents or adult guardian who refuse to undergo randomization. Finally, those children who are transferred to another non-participating hospital will be excluded.

Answer: A