Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Multi-Center, Randomized, Controlled, Double-Blind Study of the Effects of an Antioxidant-Enriched Multivitamin Supplement on Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Cystic Fibrosis Patients
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study will be to evaluate the effects of a modified formulation of AquADEKs (AquADEKs-2) on markers of inflammation, antioxidant levels and oxidative stress.

Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a disease that affects the organs in the body such as the lungs. Some of the damage to the lungs of CF patients may be caused by something called oxidant/antioxidant imbalance and oxidative stress.

Oxidation in the body is kind of what happens to an apple when it turns brown after being cut. And, just as a squeeze of lemon juice stops the oxidation of an apple, antioxidants can stop the rusting (or damage) inside our bodies by unstable oxygen molecules called free radicals. Free radicals can help fight off bacteria and viruses but too many of them do damage instead. Our bodies need antioxidants to keep things in balance so we have the right amount of free radicals.

Many CF patients also have trouble digesting food and absorbing nutrients like vitamins. Many of the vitamins we rely on are antioxidants, like vitamins A, D, E, K and beta-carotene. In some people with CF, even though they take multivitamins and pancreatic enzymes, they still have low amounts of antioxidants. The investigators are looking to see if taking more vitamins and antioxidants will help CF patients.

AquADEKs-2 is an investigational new drug (a drug that has not received approval by the Food and Drug Administration \[FDA\]). This research study is being done with the AquADEKs-2 compared to a control multivitamin. The study drug, AquADEKs-2 contains standard amounts of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) that are contained in typical CF multivitamin supplements plus several antioxidants including beta-carotene, mixed tocopherols (different forms of vitamin E), coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), mixed carotenoids (lutein, lycopene and zeaxanthin), and the minerals zinc and selenium. The control multivitamin contains standard amounts of vitamins A, B, D, E, and K without additional antioxidant supplementation.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Cystic fibrosis
2. Age \> 18 years
3. Stable maintenance medical regimen during the previous 6 weeks.
4. Negative pregnancy test (women of childbearing potential) at both screening and baseline visits.
5. Women of childbearing potential must be using medically acceptable contraception.
6. At least two respiratory exacerbations per year requiring oral and/or intravenous antibiotics for each of the two years prior to study entry, but no more than 4 exacerbations requiring intravenous antibiotics during either of those years.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Previous anti-reflux or peptic ulcer surgery,
2. Use of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) within the past two weeks
3. Pulmonary exacerbation requiring antibiotics within the previous 2 weeks
4. Parenteral hyperalimentation
5. Cigarette smoking
6. Treatment with azoles, iron, anti-coagulants, digitalis
7. Use of any investigative drugs within the previous month.
8. Use of over the counter acid suppressor agents (not including acid neutralizers)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female ≥10 years of age
* Documentation of a Cystic Fibrosis (CF) diagnosis as evidenced by 1 or more clinical features consistent with the CF phenotype and 1 or more of the following criteria:

  * Sweat chloride equal to or greater than 60 milliequivalent (mEq/L) by quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis test (QPIT)
  * 2 well-characterized mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene
* Pancreatic insufficiency documented by having a spot fecal elastase-1 (FE-1) ≤ 100μg/g in a stool sample done either historically or at the screening visit
* Clinically stable with no significant changes in health status within 2 weeks prior to randomization
* Forced expiratory volume over one second (FEV1) ≥ 40 and ≤ 100% of predicted for age based on the Wang (males \< 18 years,females \< 16 years) or Hankinson (males ≥ 18 years, females ≥ 16 years) standardized equations at the screening visit
* Weight ≥ 30 kg at the screening visit
* Able to perform repeatable, consistent efforts in pulmonary function testing
* Able to tolerate sputum induction with 3% hypertonic saline and to expectorate with induction
* Written informed consent (and assent when applicable) obtained from subject or subject's legal representative
* Ability to swallow softgel capsules

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects being treated with ivacaftor (Kalydeco™)
* Liver enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), or gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) \> 3 times the upper limits of normal at the screening visit
* Use of antibiotics (oral, iv, and/or inhaled) for acute respiratory symptoms within 2 weeks prior to randomization
* Active treatment for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA)
* Current use of oral corticosteroids in doses exceeding the equivalent of 10 mg prednisone/day or 20 mg prednisone every other day
* Active treatment for nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) infection
* Initiation of any new chronic therapy (e.g., ibuprofen, Pulmozyme®, hypertonic saline,azithromycin,Tobramycin Inhalation solution (TOBI®), Cayston® within 8 weeks prior to randomization
* Unwilling to discontinue current oral vitamin and antioxidant supplementation (e.g.,AquADEKs®, another source of β-carotene, vitamin A, vitamin E or tocopherols,vitamins D or K, n-acetylcysteine, glutathione, CoQ10, other over-the-counter antioxidant) for the duration of the study
* Use of vitamins (other than control vitamin) or antioxidants within 4 weeks prior to randomization
* Daily use of \> 2 cans of Boost or Pulmocare dietary supplement formulas
* Known hypersensitivity to oral AquADEKs®
* For women of child bearing potential:

  1. positive pregnancy test at Visit 1 or at Visit 2, or
  2. lactating or
  3. unwilling to practice a medically acceptable form of contraception (acceptable forms of contraception: abstinence, hormonal birth control, intrauterine device, or barrier method plus a spermicidal agent)
* Subject unlikely to complete the study as determined by the Investigator
* Any condition that the Investigator believes would interfere with the intent of this study or would make participation not in the best interest of the subject
* Use of investigational therapies within 4 weeks prior to randomization
* Current tobacco smoker
* Current use of anticoagulant medications
* Severe malnutrition based either on having a BMI less than the 5th percentile for subjects \< 18 years of age or a body mass index (BMI) less than 18 kg/m2 for subjects \> 18 years of age.
* Subjects with poorly controlled CF-related diabetes on active insulin therapy, defined as having a Glycosylated Hemoglobin (HgbA1c) ≥ 7.5% at the most recent historic evaluation of HgbA1c
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of CF as evidenced by a sweat chloride test \> 60mEq/L or by the presence of two known CF mutations
* Male or female, ages between 10-40 years old
* \> 30 kg body weight
* FEV1 \> 35% predicted for age and height
* Clinically stable with no recent hospitalization within the past 2 weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* Significant liver disease as defined by clinical findings of portal hypertension or cirrhosis or AST, ALT, or GGT \>2x upper limits of normal within the previous 6 months
* Poor compliance with medical regimen as assessed by CF clinic care providers
* Oral supplementation with AquADEKs or another source of beta-carotene or CoQ10 in the 2 months prior to the study
* Pregnant or lactating
* Participation in another interventional clinical trial within the previous 2 weeks
* Difficulty swallowing softgels
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of CF as defined by two or more clinical features of CF and a documented sweat chloride concentration \> 60 mEq/L and/or two well characterized disease causing CFTR gene mutations
* 14 years of age and older at enrollment
* Clinically stable at enrollment
* Ability to comply with medication use, study visits and study procedures
* FEV1 % predicted \> 40% \< 80 % as calculated by reference equations

Exclusion Criteria:

* Respiratory culture positive for: B. cepacia complex within past year or at screening
* Use of systemic corticosteroids within 30 days of screening
* Use of intravenous antibiotics or oral quinolones within 14 days of screening
* History of biliary cirrhosis, portal hypertension, or splenomegaly
* Other major organ dysfunction
* History of lung transplantation or currently on lung transplant list
* Supplemental oxygen therapy
* Oxygen saturation \< 95 % on room air
* Positive pregnancy test at screening
* Investigational drug use within 30 days of screening
* History of alcohol, illicit drug or medication abuse within 1 year of screening
* Acute respiratory symptoms
* Inability to take any form of bronchodilator
* Wheezing at the time of study

Answer: B