Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Efficacy of the Proximate Administration of Oxytocin After a Traumatic Event in Preventing the Development of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder
Brief Summary: This study is designed to test the hypothesis that a single administration of intranasal oxytocin within 6 hours post-trauma facilitates the physiological recovery for the trauma, thereby preventing the development of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the months following the event. In the absence of such treatment (i.e., under placebo conditions), we hypothesize that a greater proportion of persons will develop PTSD (i.e., fail to recover from acute effects).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Persons over the age of 18, who have been exposed to an event meeting the DSM-IV "A.1" criterion for trauma exposure, expressing marked anxiety, and/ or emotional distress and/or dissociation, as assessed by the Visual Analog Scales
2. The traumatic event occured up to six hour prior to the arrival to the emergency room
3. The person can and is willing to provide written, informed consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Physical injury that would contraindicate participation or interfere with a subject's ability to give informed consent or cooperate with the screening or collection of initial measures. Examples include severe burn injury, life-threatening medical or surgical condition, condition requiring surgical intervention under general anesthesia, as indicated by Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), or by clinical judgment;
2. Head injury involving confusion, loss of consciousness, or amnesia;
3. Medical conditions in which oxytocin administration might cause harm to the patient such as patients with a cardiovascular disease or intracranial mass.
4. Weight below 45 or above 100 kg.
5. Pregnancy (in suggestive cases, a pregnancy test will be performed);
6. Traumatic exposure that reflects ongoing victimization (e.g., domestic violence) to which the subject is likely to be re-exposed during the study period.
7. Overt psychopathology, intoxication, or under the influence of substances.
8. Evidence or history of schizophrenia, bipolar, other psychotic condition, autism;
9. Prior history of PTSD;
10. Current or past history of dementia, amnesia, or other cognitive disorder predating trauma exposure;
11. Assessed serious suicide risk.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Veterans and civilians with an age range of 18 to 65 years
* Participants must be physically healthy volunteers

Exclusion Criteria:

* Individuals who fall outside the age range
* Individuals with medical conditions that would interfere with participation
* Other criteria
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18-64
* ISS \>15
* Infusion can be started within 24 hrs of arrival to FMLH (time of injury irrelevant)
* Admitted to Inpatient hospital trauma service (not Ortho/Plastics/Neurosurgery etc)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age \<18 or \>64
* History of adverse reaction to ketamine therapy
* Chronic opioid therapy defined as \> 3 weeks of \>30mg oral morphine equivalents per day
* Current substance abuse with opioids including prescription and/or heroin
* Intubation on arrival or need for urgent intubation on arrival
* GCS \<13, significant traumatic brain injury, or suspicion of elevated intracranial pressure resulting in the patient's inability to communicate
* History of psychosis
* Active delirium
* Glaucoma
* Ischemic heart disease defined as active acute coronary syndrome
* Severe, poorly controlled hypertension (SBP \>200) on more than two readings
* Aortic Injury requiring HR and BP control
* Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
* Pregnancy
* Prisoners
* Inability to start investigational drug infusion within 24 hours of arrival
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Persons over the age of 21, who have been exposed to an event meeting the DSM-IV "A.1" criterion for trauma exposure, expressing marked anxiety, and/ or emotional distress and/or dissociation, as assessed by the Visual Analog Scales
2. Who provide written, informed consent to participate in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Physical injury that would contraindicate participation or interfere with a subject's ability to give informed consent or cooperate with the screening or collection of initial measures. Examples include severe burn injury, life-threatening medical or surgical condition, condition requiring surgical intervention under general anesthesia, as indicated by Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS), or by clinical judgment;
2. Head injury involving confusion, loss of consciousness, or amnesia;
3. Medical conditions such as extreme obesity, psoriasis, herpes, Cushing's syndrome, current infectious disease, current viral disease, tuberculosis, unstable diabetes or hypertension, myasthenia gravis, and heart failure. Persons taking medications that can interfere with the HPA axis (e.g.,steroids, betablockers,indomethacin) will be excluded;
4. Weight below 45 or above 120 kg.
5. Pregnancy (in suggestive cases, a pregnancy test will be performed);
6. Traumatic exposure that reflects ongoing victimization (e.g., domestic violence) to which the subject is likely to be re-exposed during the study period.
7. Overt psychopathology, intoxication, or under the influence of substances.
8. Evidence or history of schizophrenia, bipolar, other psychotic condition;
9. Prior history of PTSD;
10. Current or past history of dementia, amnesia, or other cognitive disorder predating trauma exposure;
11. Assessed serious suicide risk.

Answer: A