Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effect of Music Therapy on Newborns
Brief Summary: The clinical study is evaluating the impact of music therapy on neonates, specifically infants with neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS). The goal is to study the effect of music therapy on an infant's behavioral (i.e feeding patterns, sleep patterns, severity of withdrawal) and physiological systems (i.e. heart rate, respiratory rate). The investigators are also studying the impact of music therapy on the infant's utilization of resources (i.e. total opioid usage and total length of stay).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Admitted to the NICU or newborn nursery
2. Corrected gestational age 34 weeks or older
3. No identified hearing disorder
4. Do not have a diagnosed developmental disability (i.e. Down Syndrome)
5. Do not have Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
6. Medically cleared to participate in the study
7. Parent or legal guardian able/willing to give consent \& complete surveys.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Corrected gestational age \< 34 weeks old
2. Has an identified hearing disorder
3. Has diagnosed developmental disability (i.e. Down syndrome)
4. Has Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
5. Is not medically cleared to participate in the study
6. Parent or legal guardian unable/unwilling to give consent
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Neonates of mothers who consumed opiates during pregnancy
* Born after 34 completed weeks of pregnancy
* Parents' informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Preterm birth before 34 0/7 gestational weeks
* Severe malformation
* Illness requiring respiratory assistance or catecholamines
* Negative meconium drug test
C: Inclusion Criteria:

Infants who meet the following inclusion criteria will be eligible to participate in the study irrespective of race, religion, ethnicity, or gender:

* Admitted to the NICU immediately postpartum
* Gestational age 28 weeks or older
* No identified hearing disorder
* Do not have a diagnosed developmental disability (i.e. Down Syndrome)
* Do not have Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
* Medically cleared to participate in the study by nurse or neonatologist
* Parent or legal guardian able/willing to give consent \& complete the PBQ (Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Admitted to the NICU at any time other than immediately postpartum
* Gestational age \<28 weeks old
* Has an identified hearing disorder
* Has diagnosed developmental disability (i.e. Down syndrome)
* Has Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
* Is not medically cleared to participate in the study by the nurse or neonatologist
* Parent or legal guardian unable/unwilling to give consent
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Chronic in utero exposure to opiates
2. Term infant, greater than or equal to 37 weeks gestation
3. Failure of non-pharmacologic treatment of NAS
4. Infant meets criteria for pharmacologic treatment of NAS as determined by physical findings consistent with drug withdrawal and Finnegan scoring system
5. The attending neonatologist chooses to treat the qualifying infant with oral methadone.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prematurity
2. Congenital Abnormalities
3. Acutely ill neonates
4. Confounding medical illness necessitating therapy with opiates other than for NAS
5. Neonates whose only exposure to opiates were narcotics administered during labor
6. Infants who are wards of the state

Answer: A