Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Evaluation of an mHealth SMS Dialogue Strategy to Meet Women's and Couples' Postpartum Contraceptive Needs in Kenya
Brief Summary: Meeting women's need for postpartum family planning is has been acknowledged as a global priority in maternal and child health. The prevention of unintended pregnancies in sub-Saharan African countries, which carry the highest global burdens of maternal mortality and HIV infection, is projected to substantially decrease maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Many barriers to contraceptive uptake exist, both within and outside of the postpartum time period, and include socio-cultural, economic, and supply-side factors. Furthermore, while the importance of engaging men in family planning programs has been acknowledged for decades, few interventions have succeeded in increasing male involvement in family planning while maintaining a focus on women's empowerment. Innovative approaches to meeting the family planning needs of women and couples are urgently needed.

Public health interventions are increasingly incorporating mobile health (mHealth) approaches using short message service (SMS) technology in low-income countries, approaches that have demonstrated benefit among various reproductive health outcomes. The investigators hypothesize that personalized, bidirectional SMS dialogue with individual women and couples will increase postpartum contraceptive uptake, thereby decreasing unmet need for family planning in Kenya. The investigators have collaborated with the University of Washington (UW) Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) along with Kenyan telecommunication providers to develop a hybrid messaging system that allows for innovative bidirectional SMS messaging. This system has been used successfully in maternal child health (MCH) clinics in Kenya. In qualitative research, women in Kenya have expressed a strong desire for mHealth support to provide additional education, counseling and reminders to supplement counseling by health workers.

The investigators propose a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effects of bidirectional SMS dialogue vs. control on highly effective contraceptive use at 6 months postpartum among HIV negative women and couples in Nyanza Province, Kenya. Data from this RCT and accompanying qualitative study will contribute to innovative, scale-able strategies to address unmet need for contraception and increase male involvement in family planning.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Mother of infant aged 0-4 weeks during the study period
2. Current resident of one of the study villages
3. Willing to sign informed consent for the study

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Plans to move out of the study area in the next 6 months
2. Resides in a village with active immunization intervention/program
3. Has already received immunizations other than birth dose of BCG or polio
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* women who attend antenatal care clinic and have intention to deliver at the study hospital.
* Thai race
* participant or husband or relatives is an owner of mobile phone with social networking application

Exclusion Criteria:

* participant is known by other one in different study arm (contamination)
* cannot be assess on wel-being about privacy, delivery failure and misinterpretation of media via social network after complete study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant; at least 28 weeks gestation
* HIV negative
* Daily access to a mobile phone
* Planning to stay in area for 6 months postpartum
* Able to read/write or has trusted person to help

Exclusion Criteria:

* Does not meet above criteria
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women \< 28 weeks, and their newborn infants following birth

Exclusion Criteria:

-

Answer: C