Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Comparison of Three Vision Therapy Approaches for Convergence Insufficiency
Brief Summary: We compared the effectiveness of three active vision therapy approaches for convergence insufficiency (CI). Patients with eligible criteria and symptomatic CI were included in a prospective study and randomly allocated into three groups. In the home-based vision orthoptic therapy (HBVOT) group, patients were trained to do the pencil push-ups procedure 15 minutes per day, five days a week. In the office-based vision orthoptic therapy (OBVOT) group, 60 minutes of orthoptic therapy using a major amblyoscope twice weekly with additional home orthoptic therapy was prescribed. For the augmented office-based vision orthoptic therapy (AOBVOT) group, orthoptic exercises using three diopter over-minus lenses and a base out prism, in addition to major amblyoscope and additional home reinforcement was prescribed in the same period of time.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age: 9 to \<19 years.
* Best corrected visual acuity of ≥20/25 in each eye at distance and near
* Willingness to wear eyeglasses or contact lenses to correct refractive error, if necessary
* Willingness to wear glasses for reading and other near work
* Exophoria at near at least 4 greater than at far
* Insufficient positive fusional convergence (fails Sheard's criterion)
* Receded near point of convergence of  6 cm break
* Random dot stereopsis appreciation using a 500 seconds of arc target.
* CI Symptom Survey score  16

Exclusion Criteria:

* Amblyopia (\> 2 line difference in best corrected visual acuity between the two eyes).
* Constant strabismus
* History of strabismus surgery.
* Anisometropia  2D in any meridian between the eyes.
* Prior refractive surgery.
* Vertical heterophoria greater than 1 .
* Systemic diseases known to affect accommodation, vergence and ocular motility such as: multiple sclerosis, Graves thyroid disease, myasthenia gravis, diabetes, Parkinson disease.
* Any ocular or systemic medication known to affect accommodation or vergence (Anti-anxiety agents (Librium or Valium), Anti-arrhythmic agents (Cifenline or Cibenzoline), Anticholinergics (Motion sickness patch (scopolamine), Bladder spasmolytic drugs (Propiverine), Chloroquine, Phenothiazines (Compazine, Mellaril, or Thorazine), Tricyclic antidepressants (Elavil, Nortriptyline, or Tofranil)
* Accommodative amplitude \<5 D in either eye as measured by the Donder's push-up method.
* Manifest or latent nystagmus.
* Developmental disability, mental retardation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or learning disability diagnosis in children that in the investigator's discretion would interfere with treatment.
* Household member or sibling already enrolled in the BI-CITT.
* Any eye care professional, ophthalmic technician, ophthalmology or optometry resident or optometry student.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children between the ages of 9 and 17 years with symptomatic convergence insufficiency
* Exophoria at near at least 4Δ greater than at far
* Insufficient positive fusional convergence at near
* A receded near point of convergence of ≥6 cm break
* CI Symptom Survey score ≥16

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous treatment with office-based vision therapy/orthoptics or pencil push-ups
* Systemic diseases known to affect accommodation, vergence and ocular motility
* Developmental disability, mental retardation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or learning disability diagnosis that in the investigator's discretion would interfere with treatment
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients between 15 and 35 years of age who have symptomatic CI using the Convergence Insufficiency Symptom Survey (CISS) scoring system.
* best-corrected visual acuity ≥ 20/25
* exophoria at near at least 4 prism diopters (△) greater than at distance
* near point of convergence more than 6.0 cm break
* insufficient positive fusional vergence (PFV) (failing Sheard's criterion or PFV ≤ 15 △ base-out) at near distance.

Exclusion Criteria:

* amblyopia (VA worse than 20/30 in each eye), presence of manifest strabismus, history of ocular surgery, any systemic disorder, anisometropia of more than 1.5 diopter of myopia or hyperopia or significant refractive error, and nystagmus and usage of medications that may impair accommodation or convergence. ,ocular surface abnormalities or history of ocular allergy or those who had previously been treated for CI
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age: 9 to \<18 years
2. Patient has access to a computer with a CD/DVD drive and internet access for the next 12 weeks
3. Best-corrected visual acuity of ≥20/25 in each eye at distance and near
4. Exophoria at near at least 4 pd greater than at distance
5. Reduced positive fusional convergence at near (\<20 pd or fails Sheard's criterion that the PFV measures less than twice the magnitude of the near phoria). PFV is recorded as the prism magnitude where vision is first blurred (or break if no blur is reported).
6. Near point of convergence of ≥6 cm break
7. Randot Preschool stereoacuity of at least 400 seconds of arc
8. CI Symptom Survey score ≥16
9. No use of a plus add for near or base-in prism for at least 2 weeks preceding enrollment
10. Patient must be wearing appropriate refractive correction (spectacle or contact lenses) for at least 2 weeks prior to enrollment if refractive error is present (based on a cycloplegic refraction within the last 6 months) that meets the following:

    * Myopia more than -0.75D spherical equivalent (SE) in either eye
    * Hyperopia more than +2.00D SE in either eye
    * SE anisometropia \>1.00D
    * Astigmatism \> 1.00D or \> 1.50D of meridional difference in either eye Refractive correction for patients meeting the above refractive error criteria must meet the following guidelines:
    * SE anisometropia must be within 0.25D of the full anisometropic correction.
    * Astigmatism cylinder must be within 0.50D of full correction and axis must be within 5 degrees.
    * For hyperopia, the spherical component can be reduced by up to 1.50D at investigator discretion provided the reduction is symmetrical and results in residual (i.e., uncorrected) SE hyperopia that does not exceed +2.00D.
    * For myopia, the SE must be within 0.25D of the full myopic correction.
11. Parent and patient understand the protocol and are willing to accept randomization.
12. Parent has home phone (or access to phone) and is willing to be contacted by Jaeb Center staff.
13. Relocation outside of area of an active PEDIG site within the next 15 months is not anticipated.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. ≥2 logMAR line difference in best-corrected visual acuity between the two eyes
2. Constant or intermittent exotropia at distance; constant exotropia at near
3. Any esotropia at distance or near
4. Distance exophoria \> 10 pd
5. History of strabismus surgery
6. Anisometropia ≥2.00D in any meridian between the eyes
7. Prior intraocular or refractive surgery
8. Primary vertical heterophoria greater than 1 pd
9. Diseases known to affect accommodation, vergence, and ocular motility such as multiple sclerosis, Graves orbitopathy, myasthenia gravis, diabetes mellitus, or Parkinson disease
10. Current use of any ocular or systemic medication known to affect accommodation or vergence such as anti-anxiety agents (e.g., Librium or Valium), anti-arrhythmic agents (e.g., Cifenline, Cibenzoline), anti- cholinergics (e.g., Motion sickness patch (scopolamine), bladder spasmolytic drugs (e.g., Propiverine), hydroxychloroquine, chloroquine, phenothiazines (e.g., Compazine, Mellaril, Thorazine), tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., Elavil, Nortriptyline, Tofranil)
11. Near point of accommodation \>20 cm in the right eye
12. Manifest or latent nystagmus evident clinically
13. History of chronic headaches unrelated to reading activity
14. Active symptomatic allergic conjunctivitis
15. Developmental disability, mental retardation, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), or learning disability diagnosis that in the investigator's discretion would interfere with treatment or evaluation
16. Household member or sibling already enrolled in the CITS OR previously enrolled in the CITT
17. Household member is an eye professional, ophthalmic technician, ophthalmology or optometry resident, orthoptist, or optometry student, or employed in an eye care setting
18. Acquired brain injury
19. Previous office- or home-based vision therapy, orthoptics, home-based near- target push-ups, pencil push-ups, or home-based computer therapy

Answer: C