Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized Trial of 17 Alpha-Hydroxyprogesterone Caproate for Prevention of Preterm Birth in Multifetal Gestation (STTARS)
Brief Summary: Women pregnant with twins or triplets are at high risk of preterm birth, yet no intervention or approach has served to reduce this risk. A recently completed trial by the NICHD sponsored Maternal Fetal Medicine Units (MFMU) Network has, for the first time, demonstrated a treatment that substantially reduces the rate of preterm birth in women at high risk for preterm delivery (i.e. progesterone therapy). Preterm birth was reduced by 35% among progesterone-treated women with a singleton pregnancy when compared with women receiving placebo. The current trial compares weekly treatment by injection of progesterone with placebo in women pregnant with twins or triplets.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* All women with singleton or twin pregnancies attending for routine ultrasound examination at 20-25 weeks of gestation with a short cervical length (\<15 mm).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women with major fetal abnormalities,
* Painful regular uterine contractions, or history of ruptured membranes or cervical cerclage in-situ were excluded from screening.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Twin pregnancy
* Informed consent
* 18-23 weeks' gestation
* Participants must be fluent in the language spoken in the respective centres

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age \< 18 years
* Known allergy to progesterone or peanuts
* Active thromboembolic disorders or a history of hormone-associated thromboembolic disorders
* Rupture of membranes at the time of inclusion
* Monoamniotic twins
* Pregnancies treated for or with signs of twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome at inclusion
* Multiple pregnancies reduced to twin pregnancies
* Known significant structural or chromosomal fetal abnormality
* Chorionicity not assessed before 15 weeks
* Known or suspected malignancy in genitals or breasts
* Known liver disease
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Twin or triplet pregnancy. Quadruplets reduced to triplets may be included, but no other prior reductions.
* Gestational age between 16 weeks 0 days to 20 weeks 6 days based on clinical information and evaluation of the first ultrasound.
* Signed patient authorization and consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior elective fetal reduction in the current pregnancy, except in the case of a quadruplet gestation reduced to triplets.
* Planned fetal reduction or planned termination
* Monoamniotic gestation
* Twin-twin transfusion syndrome
* Fetal death or imminent fetal demise
* Major fetal anomaly (e.g., gastroschisis, spina bifida, serious karyotypic abnormalities). An ultrasound examination from 12 weeks 0 days to 20 weeks 6 days by project estimated date of confinement (EDC) must be performed to rule out fetal anomalies
* Discordance in fetal size, defined as a discrepancy of 3 or more weeks in gestational age by ultrasound between the largest and the smallest fetus. Diagnosis is based on measurements made at the ultrasound done between 12 weeks 0 days and 20 weeks 6 days gestation
* Progesterone treatment used or planned after 14 weeks gestation
* Heparin therapy at a dose ≥ 10,000 units per day of unfractionated heparin, or any low molecular weight heparin during the current pregnancy, or thromboembolic disease for which such heparin treatment is planned (because of contraindication to intra-muscular injections)
* Current or planned cervical cerclage
* Uterine anomaly (uterine didelphys, bicornate uterus)
* Contraindication to intra-muscular injections
* Maternal medical conditions, such as: known idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura (ITP) or a known platelet count less than 100,000 per cubic millimeter (because of contraindication to intra-muscular injections), hypertension requiring medication, diabetes managed with insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents
* Inability to arrange a pre-randomization ultrasound between 12 weeks 0 days and 20 weeks 6 days gestation
* Participation in another interventional study that influences gestational age at delivery or neonatal morbidity or mortality
* Prenatal follow-up or delivery planned elsewhere (unless the study visits can be made as scheduled and complete outcome information can be obtained)
* Participation in this trial in a previous pregnancy.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. The subject has a history of a documented spontaneous singleton preterm delivery (hospital or clinic record, letter from healthcare provider, or birth certificate) from 20 0/7 to 35 0/7 weeks gestational age with the immediate preceding pregnancy or has a cervical length of 2.5 cm or less measured by transvaginal ultrasound with the current pregnancy. "Spontaneous preterm delivery" is a delivery (\<35 weeks), either vaginal or cesarean, that is initiated by either preterm PROM followed by contractions or preterm labor initiated with in-tact membranes. A previous preterm delivery secondary to an incompetent cervix where a cerclage is considered for this pregnancy is not considered a preterm delivery (please see Exclusion Criteria No. 10). Subjects enrolled based on a history of preterm delivery may have had a pregnancy loss (or losses) at \<20 0/7 weeks gestational age between the preceding preterm delivery and the current pregnancy.
2. The female subject is between 18 and 45 years of age at the time of screening.
3. The pregnancy has an estimated gestational age between 16 0/7 weeks and 22 6/7 weeks.
4. The subject speaks either English or a common local language.
5. The subject has voluntarily signed the Informed Consent Form and associated forms after having the contents explained, and all her questions are answered to her satisfaction and understanding.
6. In the opinion of the investigator, the subject is able to understand the study and is able to give informed consent, as well as participate in it and adhere to study procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. The subject has a previous history of an adverse reaction to progesterone or any component present in Prochieve® 8% vaginal gel.
2. The subject has been treated with a progestogen within the previous 4 weeks.
3. The subject is currently being treated for a seizure disorder, has an unstable psychiatric disorder, is taking antihypertensive therapy for chronic hypertension at the time of enrollment, has a history of congestive heart failure or chronic renal failure, or has uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (known end-organ dysfunction secondary to vascular disease).
4. The subject has active thrombophlebitis or a thromboembolic disorder, or a history of hormone-associated thrombophlebitis or thromboembolic disorders.
5. The subject has liver dysfunction or disease.
6. The subject has known or suspected malignancy of the breast or genital organs.
7. The subject is currently participating in another investigational study or has participated in an investigational drug study within one month prior to screening for this study.
8. The subject's current pregnancy is complicated by a major fetal anomaly or known chromosomal abnormality.
9. The subject has a uterine anatomic malformation (bicornuate uterus, septate uterus)
10. The subject has a multifetal gestation.
11. The subject has a cervical cerclage in place or has plans to have one placed during the current pregnancy.
12. The subject, in the judgment of the investigator, will be unable or unwilling to comply with study-related assessments and procedures.
13. The subject currently has preterm rupture of membranes, vaginal bleeding, known or suspected amnionitis, or signs or symptoms of preterm labor at the time of enrollment.
14. The subject is HIV positive with a CD4 count of _\<350 cells/mm3 and is receiving more than 1 medication to prevent the transfer of AIDS to the fetus.
15. The subject has placenta previa or a low-lying placenta. The subject will be considered for the study if she is not at risk for increased bleeding and has not been given any vaginal precautions.
16. The subject's qualifying preterm delivery was an indicated delivery without preterm labor (i.e. delivery performed for fetal distress, maternal eclampsia/preeclampsia, fetal death, or amnionitis in the absence of contractions).

Answer: C