Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Does Mindfulness Training Enhance Early Evidence-based Parent-coaching Interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder?: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) report higher levels of depression and distress than caregivers of typically developing children as well as children with other developmental disabilities. The proposed work tests a novel treatment paradigm that blends Mindfulness Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) with an empirically supported and manualized parent training program (Parent-Implemented Early Start Denver Model \[P-ESDM\]). We hypothesize that directly treating parental distress, while simultaneously providing evidence-based parent training, may greatly enhance child-focused intervention and provide benefits that resonate across the family.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Child has diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder
* Child at least 12 months of age but less than 36 months at time of consent
* Parent speaks and reads fluent English

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe child sensorimotor impairment that would impact participation in treatment
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Family with a child between 12-16 years;
2. High parenting stress (mean score of \>=3 on 2 questions adapted from the Perceived Stress Scale and the Parenting Stress Index).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis of mental retardation, autism or other pervasive developmental disorder for adolescent;
2. Current serious psychiatric or medical disorder (including current substance dependence) requiring immediate treatment for adolescent or parent- We will include those that are in treatment;
3. Medical condition that would preclude participation in gentle yoga (for parents)
4. Inadequate English proficiency to complete questionnaires for youth or parents.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Between ages 18-70 years;
2. Able to read and write (parent)
3. Family with a child between 2-5 years old
4. BMI of parent in obese category
5. High parenting stress (mean score of \>=3 on 3 questions from Parenting Stress Index)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any psychotic disorder or current psychiatric symptoms for child or parent requiring specific attention, including active symptoms of psychosis or suicidal/homicidal ideation
2. Diagnosis of mental retardation, autism or other pervasive developmental disorder for child
3. Inability to give informed consent
4. Current serious medical disorder precluding participation in physical activity
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Parents eligible to participate include parents: a) English-speaking, b) of a child aged 4:0 to 10:11 years, c) with a previous diagnosis of ASD and evidence of current social impairment (SRS-2) and repetitive behaviors (RBS-R), and d) who are able to consistently participate in sessions. Given budgetary constraints, direct diagnostic testing will not be feasible. Instead, child diagnostic status will be confirmed through review of the child's medical record for evidence that the child previously met ADOS criteria for ASD and shows clinically significant social impairment at baseline (SRS-2 T\>65).

Parents who are not eligible to participate include parents: a) with severe psychiatric, genetic, or medical disorder among parents and/or children, b) taking psychiatric medication, and c) with elevated resilience scores at baseline (Total Score \>80 on CD-RISC). The DSM-5 CCSM will be administered to parents to screen for parent mental illness. Any identified issues on the DSM-5 CCSM will be investigated further by the PI to rule out severe psychiatric disorders.

Exclusion Criteria:

a) Severe psychiatric, genetic, or medical disorder among parents and/or children, b) parents taking psychiatric medication, and c) parents with elevated resilience scores at baseline (Total Score\>80 on CD-RISC). The DSM-5 Cross Cutting Symptom Measure (DSM-5 CCSM) will be administered to parents to screen for parent mental illness. Any identified issues on the DSM-5 CCSM will be investigated further by the PI to rule out severe psychiatric disorders. These families will be referred for behavioral consultation (available in our clinic) and then be reconsidered for group participation.

Answer: A