Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Functional Outcomes in Cardiovascular Patients Undergoing Surgical Hip Fracture Repair (FOCUS)
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to compare liberal red blood cell transfusion therapy with restrictive red blood cell transfusion therapy in surgical patients with cardiovascular disease or risk factors.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* The patient remains in the ICU after 96 hours (4 days) or more following ICU admission
* The patient has required mechanical ventilation via an endotracheal tube or tracheostomy tube for 96 hours or more
* The patient is expected to require ≥24 hours of further mechanical ventilation at the time of assessment
* The patient is aged ≥55 years of age
* The patient has a Hb value of 90g/L or less at the time of assessment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient with active bleeding at the time of screening
* Patient with traumatic brain injury as presenting diagnosis
* Patient with intracranial haemorrhage as presenting diagnosis
* Patient not expected to survive the next 48 hours at the time of assessment.
* Patient objects to RBC transfusion
* Patient receiving concurrent treatment with erythropoietin or similar erythropoietic agent
* Follow up is not feasible
* Already enrolled in another RCT with similar clinical endpoints
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* All elective primary and redo adult cardiac surgical patients for coronary artery bypass grafting, valve procedure or combined procedures
* Adults patients
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age less than 18 years
* Transplant procedures
* Emergency procedures
* Aortic repairs
* Congenital procedures
* Previous anemia (hemoglobin lower than 10 g/dL)
* Previous thrombocytopenia (platelet number lower than 100.000/mm3)
* Previous known coagulopathy
* Pregnancy
* Those unable to receive blood transfusion
* Patients who refused participation in the study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Primary hip fracture
* capable of informed consent
* independently dwelling
* able to ambulate independent of human assistance
* no active heart condition defined as no AMI within 3 months, no unstable angina or present incompensation/pulmonary oedema
* no regular transfusion demand or terminal disease.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Multiple fractures
* postop. immobilization due to to surgical reasons
* patient refusal to participate in relevant rehabilitation
* reoperation within 4. postoperative day.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Has undergone surgical repair for a hip fracture
* Has a postoperative Hgb level below 10 g/dL within three days of surgery
* Diagnosis of cardiovascular disease (e.g., coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, stroke or transient ischemic attack, or peripheral vascular disease) or cardiovascular risk factors (e.g., diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, tobacco use, or creatinine levels greater than 2.0 mg/dL)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable to walk prior to hip fracture
* Declines blood transfusions
* Suffered multiple traumas
* Pathologic fracture of the hip due to malignancy
* Clinically recognized acute myocardial infarction within the 30 days prior to study entry
* Previously participated in the trial and fractured the other hip
* Symptoms associated with anemia (e.g., ischemic chest pain) or actively bleeding at the time of randomization

Answer: D