Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Group Interventions for Suicidal African Americans
Brief Summary: The investigator is conducting a hybrid efficacy-effectiveness randomized controlled trial with low-income African American suicide attempters. Guided by the Theory of Triadic Influence (TTI), this pilot randomized controlled trial aims:

1. to determine if psychosocial group intervention (PGI) is more effective than enhanced treatment as usual (ETAU) in reducing suicidal behavior (ideation, attempts; primary outcome) and improving its correlates (depressive symptoms, hopelessness, quality of life) (secondary outcomes) in low-income African Americans with a recent attempt.
2. to determine if PGI is more effective than ETAU at bolstering intrapersonal (I), social/situational (SS), and cultural/environmental (CE) risk and protective factors that mediate the condition-suicidal behavior and correlates link and thus serve as mechanisms of change.
3. to determine I, SS, and CE variables that moderate the condition-suicidal behavior link and thus serve as predictors of intervention outcome.

Hypothesis for Aim 1: At post-intervention and follow-up, PGI participants will evidence greater improvements in suicidal behavior and its correlates than those in ETAU.

Hypothesis for Aim 2: Changes in these risk and protective factors will account for condition effects on outcomes: (1) psychological distress, aggression, impulsivity, substance abuse, low self-esteem, and suicide acceptability (I-risk); (2) perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belongingness, relationship discord, intimate partner violence perpetration and victimization (SS-risk); (3) access to a weapon and barriers to service utilization (CE-risk); (4) reasons for living, optimism, positive ethnic identity, effective coping, and spiritual well-being (I-protective); (5) overall family health and social support from family and friends (SS-protective); and (6) religious involvement and effectiveness of obtaining resources (CE-protective).

Hypothesis for Aim 3: Individuals (1) having fewer Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) disorders and attachment styles characterized by positivity toward the self and others (I); (2) children and more limited trauma histories (SS); and (3) more daily hassles and less exposure to community disorder (CE) will evidence greater reductions in suicidal behavior and its correlates and greater enhancements in quality of life at post-intervention and follow-up.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Psychosocial group intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: 10 weekly group meetings, Behavioral: Outpatient counseling and support groups | Arm Label: Control; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Outpatient counseling and support groups | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: 10 weekly group meetings; Assigned to Arm(s): Psychosocial group intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Outpatient counseling and support groups; Assigned to Arm(s): Control, Psychosocial group intervention
B: Arm Label: Diaclectical Behavioral Therapy; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Behavioral Therapy | Arm Label: Support Therapy; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Behavioral Therapy | Arm Label: Controls; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Behavioral Therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Diaclectical Behavioral Therapy, Support Therapy
C: Arm Label: Caring Letter Condition (CL); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Caring Letter (email) | Arm Label: Usual Care (UC); Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Caring Letter (email); Assigned to Arm(s): Caring Letter Condition (CL)
D: Arm Label: Case management; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Case management | Arm Label: Enhanced usual care; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Enhanced usual care | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Case management; Assigned to Arm(s): Case management | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Enhanced usual care; Assigned to Arm(s): Enhanced usual care

Answer: A