Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Daily Ingestion of Walnuts for 2 Years on Age-related Cognitive Decline and Macular Degeneration in Healthy Elderly Subjects: A Randomized, Single Blind, Dual Center, Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: This will be a systematic investigation of the role of walnuts in preventing or slowing age related cognitive decline and age related macular degeneration. 700 subjects will be recruited between 2 sites, Loma Linda University in California, USA and Hospital Clinic in Barcelona, Spain. Participants will be randomly assigned to either the walnut group or the control group for a 2 year intervention. Baseline and annual data will be collected and analyzed.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18-65 years of age.
* Body mass index (BMI) between 25.0-49.9 kg/m2.
* Subject consumes at least 280 calories per day from caloric beverages.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Report losing \>5% of current body weight in the previous 6 months.
* Report participating in a research project involving weight loss or physical activity in the previous 6 months, as these proximal experiences may impact the results of this study. Additionally, report current participating in any other research studies whose results could be compromised by or in which participation could compromise this research study. (Participation in a research study that would not affect or be affected by this study is allowed.)
* Report pregnancy or lactation during the previous 6 months, or planned pregnancy in the next 6 months.
* Report taking medication that could affect metabolism or change body weight (e.g., synthroid).
* Report hospitalization for psychiatric problems during the prior year.
* Report major psychiatric diagnoses and organic brain syndromes.
* Report heart problems, chest pain, cancer within the last 5 years
* Being treated by a therapist for psychological issues or problems with psychotropic medications.
* Report behaviors that indicate probable alcohol dependence as assessed by the Rapid Alcohol Problems Screen (RAPS4-QF) (Cherpitel CJ, 2002).
* Unwilling to change intake of beverages during the study period.
* Plan to move from the area during the study period, and/or unable to attend monthly group meetings.
* Report not having adequate transportation to the study center that would allow transport of study supplies back to the subject's home.
* Report not being able to attend group meetings on Monday or Tuesday evenings.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Self-identify as African American
* Be between the ages of 18-65 years
* Body Mass Index between 25- 49.9 kg/m2
* Live in the Columbia, SC/Midlands area
* Be able to attend all monitoring and weekly class visits
* Be willing to be randomized to either diet

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently following a vegan diet
* Diagnosed with diabetes that is controlled by medication
* Currently pregnant or breastfeeding (or plan to become pregnant in the next 24 months)
* Under the age of 18 years old
* Over the age of 65 years old
* Currently participating in a weight loss program
* Has lost more than 10 pounds in the past 6 months
* Diagnosed with stroke or heart attack
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* 63 to 79 years old
* healthy men and women
* able to attend clinic at a study sites

Exclusion Criteria:

* illiteracy or inability to understand the protocol
* unable to undergo neurophysiological tests
* morbid obesity (BMI greater than or equal to ≥ 40 kg/m2)
* uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c\>85)
* uncontrolled hypertension
* prior cerebrovascular accident
* any relevant psychiatric illness, including major depression
* advanced cognitive deterioration, dementia
* other neurodegenerative diseases (i.e. Parkinson's disease)
* any chronic illness expected to shorten survival (heart, liver, cancer, etc)
* bereavement in the first year of loss
* bad dentures unless fixable dental prostheses are used
* allergy to walnuts
* customary us of fish oil or flaxseed oil supplements
* eye related exclusion criteria
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Men and women in good health
* Soft drinks consumers (between 4 cans/week to 4 cans/day)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Metabolic disorders (hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia)
* Daily consumption of more than 4 cans of soft drinks
* Regular use of medication affecting study parameters
* Change of medication (type or dose) in the last year
* Use of antibiotics in the last 3 months
* Change in natural health product use in the last 3 months
* More than 2 alcohol drinks par day
* Weight change of more than 5% in the last 3 months
* Surgery in the last 3 months or planed during the study
* Allergy or intolerance for products contained in soft drinks

Answer: C