Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of a Long-term Home-based Exercise Training Program Using Minimal Equipment vs. Usual Care in COPD Patients: a Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness of a home-based exercise training program in COPD patients who have completed a pulmonary rehabilitation.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Signed informed consent after being informed
* Diagnosis of COPD, defined as forced expiratory volume in 1s/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC)\<70% predicted, FEV1\<80 % predicted after bronchodilation, with or without chronic symptoms (cough, sputum production) corresponding to a GOLD stage II-IV
* Completion of an inpatient or outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation not longer than 1 months ago
* Male and female patients ≥40 years of age
* Knowledge of German language to understand study material and assessments

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients not able to conduct the exercise training program due to physical, cognitive or safety reasons, as judged by investigator; e.g., lower limb joint surgery within preceding 3 months, unstable cardiac disease, predominant neurological limitations.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* age 40-80 years old

cases: spirometry (post-bronchodilator) based diagnosis of COPD (GOLD criteria) + smoking history of at least 10 pack-years and active smoking behavior till at least 10 years from the moment of enrollment.

smoking controls: no COPD (spirometry based) + smoking history of at least 10 pack-years and active smoking behavior till at least 10 years from the moment of enrollment.

non-smoking controls: no COPD (spirometry based) + \< 1 pack year

Exclusion Criteria:

* Respiratory disorder other than COPD
* α1-antitrypsin deficiency
* Known history of significant inflammatory disease other than COPD
* COPD exacerbation within 4 weeks prior to study
* Lung surgery
* Recent diagnosis of cancer
* Therapy with oral corticosteroids in the last 6 weeks
* Significant cardiovascular comorbidity
* Significant orthopedic/musculoskeletal problems
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Moderate to severe COPD (FEV1/FVC \<70% and FEV1%\<80%)
* Ability to speak, read and write English
* Age 40 or older
* Willingness to complete a 6 month program

Exclusion Criteria:

* Illnesses such as bronchiectasis, active malignancies or other end stage diseases
* Plans to continue in a maintenance program after rehabilitation.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Patients with stable COPD according to the current GOLD guidelines (GOLD 2013). Current or ex-smokers who have a smoking history of at least 10 pack years (e.g. 10 pack years = 1 pack /day x 10 yrs, or ½ pack/day x 20 yrs)..

Patients with airflow limitation indicated by a post-bronchodilator FEV1 ≥40% and \<80% of the predicted normal, and a post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC \<0.70

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients with conditions contraindicated for treatment with, or having a history of reactions/hypersensitivity to any of the following inhaled drugs, drugs of a similar class or any component thereof, anticholinergics, long and short acting beta2 agonists, sympathomimetic amines, lactose or any of the other excipients Patients who have a clinically significant ECG abnormality at Visit 1, who in the judgment of the investigator would be at potential risk if enrolled into the study.

Patients with paroxysmal (e.g. intermittent) atrial fibrillation are excluded. Patients with persistent atrial fibrillation as defined by continuous atrial fibrillation for at least 6 months and controlled with a rate control strategy (i.e., beta blocker, calcium channel blocker, pacemaker placement, digoxin or ablation therapy) for at least 6 months may be considered for inclusion. In such patients, atrial fibrillation must be present at baseline and screening visits, with a resting ventricular rate \< 100/min.

Patients with Type I or uncontrolled Type II diabetes and patients with a history of blood glucose levels consistently outside the normal range Patients with narrow-angle glaucoma, symptomatic prostatic hyperplasia or bladder-neck obstruction or moderate to severe renal impairment or urinary retention.

Patients with a history of malignancy of any organ system, treated or untreated, within the past 5 years whether or not there is evidence of local recurrence or metastases, with the exception of localized basal cell carcinoma of the skin. Patients with non-melanoma skin carcinoma may be considered for the study.

Patients with a body mass index (BMI) of more than 40 kg/m2. Women who are pregnant or breast feeding Patients requiring long term oxygen therapy on a daily basis for chronic hypoxemia.

Patients who have had a COPD exacerbation that required treatment with antibiotics and/or oral corticosteroids and/or hospitalization in the 6 weeks prior to screening.

Patients who have had a respiratory tract infection within 4 weeks prior to screening.

Patients with any history of asthma. Patients with concomitant pulmonary disease Patients with clinically significant bronchiectasis. Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply

Answer: A