Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effect of Prophylactic Micronutrient Supplementation of Morbidity and Growth in HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected Children in South Africa
Brief Summary: The purpose of the study is to see if giving vitamin and mineral supplements helps to protect infants and children from diarrhea, which vitamins and minerals help to improve a child's weight and growth, and if the same results occur in infants and children with HIV. HIV is the virus that causes AIDS. Study participants will include 516 infants aged 4-6 months. Participants will include: (1) HIV-infected children, (2) HIV-uninfected children with HIV-infected mothers, and (3) HIV-uninfected children with HIV-uninfected mothers. Subjects will have an equal chance of receiving one of three different vitamin and/or mineral supplements during the study. Study procedures will include up to 7 blood samples and stool samples every 3 months and body composition every 6 months. Participants will be involved in the study for up to 18 months.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children aged 2- 35 months with a history of cough (duration \<14days) and difficult breathing of \</= 72hours' duration, with lower chest indrawing.
* Availability of informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children with severe wasting (\<70% NCHS median weight for height)
* Severe anemia (hemoglobin \<7 gm/dl.)
* Presence of heart disease with or without signs of cardiac failure.
* Child with a chronic cough (lasting for ≥14 days)
* Documented tuberculosis with ongoing treatment.
* Associated other severe diseases that require special care or surgical intervention.
* Children with concomitant diarrhea with some/severe dehydration
* Children with a history of recurrent wheezing
* Children enrolled in the study within the last 6 months of this visit
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children from 2 to 59 months of age with severe pneumonia admitted to the Children´s Hospital, whose parents are willing to provide written informed consent will be eligible for participation

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children suffering from marasmus or kwashiorkor, measles, pneumonia due to aspiration of a foreign body, hepatic or renal disease, sepsis, congenital abnormalities (cardiac, renal, or genetic), complicated pneumonia (lung abscess, pleural effusion, pneumatocele, atelectasis), or severe anemia (hemoglobin less than 8 g/dL \[this cut-off is based on clinical experience with severe anemia at high altitude\])
* Children whose parents refuse to provide written informed consent.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* All children 1-35 months of age living in 30 Village Development Committees of Sarlahi District in southern Nepal.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Parent refusal
D: Inclusion Criteria:

4-6 months of age (stratified by HIV status) Infant able to take oral preparations Consent of parent/guardian HIV status obtained from mother and child

Exclusion Criteria:

Documented micronutrient supplementation other than vitamin A in the preceding month Less than 60% of mean weight for age by NCHS guidelines (micronutrient intervention obligatory according to WHO guidelines for management of severely malnourished children) Persistent diarrhea (\>=7 days) at the time of study enrollment Exclusive breastfeeding Infants in whom a second confirmatory HIV test cannot be obtained (when required) Co-enrollment of the infant in other clinical intervention trials e.g. antibiotic or vaccine trials

Answer: D