Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of Home-based or Center-based Aerobic Exercise on Physical Function, Nutritional Status Ans Cardiopulmonary Parameters in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
Brief Summary: Patients will be randomly assigned to perform the training program in center or home-based . The training program will be conducted in accordance with the recommendations of the American College of Sports Medicine. All training sessions will be preceded by stretching of large muscle groups and heating (5 minutes) and at the end by cool down and stretching (5 minutes). The program will consist of 24 weeks with three sessions per week on alternate days. The aerobic training will be continuous, with an increment of 10 minutes in duration every 4 weeks. The intensity will be prescribed according to ventilatory threshold, characterized by the highest intensity of physical exertion fully maintained by aerobic energy pathways. The intensity control was done by means of the heart rate value obtained at ventilatory threshold.

Both groups receive the same intervention. However, a group exercise held in the center on a treadmill with the direct supervision of a physical education teacher. The other group will exercise at home with telephone follow-up weekly and once a month will be held at the training center under the supervision of a physical education teacher.

It will also constituted a control group remain without performing any activity during the study period. After 24 weeks patients receive the same advice the team conducting the training at home.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diabetes mellitus
* CKD Stages 2-4
* BMI \> 30
* Persistent proteinuria (urine protein/creatinine \> 200 mg/g for \> 3 mo)
* On treatment with ACE inhibitor or ARB
* On treatment with aspirin
* On treatment with statin (if LDL \> 100)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Symptomatic neuropathy/retinopathy
* Positive stress test due to coronary arterial disease
* Symptomatic cardiovascular disease
* Congestive heart failure (New York Heart Association Class III or IV)
* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (FEV1 \< 50% predicted and/or requires supplemental oxygen support during exercise)
* Complaints of angina during the stress test
* Cerebrovascular disease/cognitive impairment
* Renal transplant
* Inability to walk on the treadmill
* Any unforeseen illness or disability that would preclude exercise testing or training
* Participation in a formal exercise program within the previous 12 weeks
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* In order to be eligible for the study, the individual must be 40 years of age or older
* Have a DRG Code of T2DM, GFR of 15-89 ml/min/1.73m2 and a BMI \>30 kg/m2.
* The participant's physician of record will have verified that his/her patient can safely participant in an intervention study that involves weight loss and a goal of 150 minutes/week of moderate physical activity comparable to brisk walking.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Investigators will exclude from participation those with the following characteristics:

  1. unable or unwilling to provide informed consent
  2. unable to participate meaningfully in an intervention that involves group sessions (e.g., due to uncorrected hearing impairment, non-English-speaking)
  3. unable to read or otherwise use an iPad to monitor dietary intake, physical activity, and weight (e.g., blind, illiterate)
  4. unwilling to accept randomization assignment
  5. pregnant, or plans to become pregnant in the next 12 months, less than 3 months postpartum, or nursing or within 6 weeks of having completed nursing
  6. weight loss of \> 10% in the past 6 months except for postpartum weight loss
  7. unable to walk 0.25 miles in 10 minutes
  8. a major psychiatric disorder
  9. planning gastric bypass surgery in the next 12 months
  10. individuals who are institutionalized (e.g., in a nursing home or personal care facility, or those who are incarcerated and have no control over their diet).
* Investigators will exclude from the study those with underlying diseases that would increase the risk of participating in an intervention involving caloric restriction and physical activity.
* Such individuals would include those requiring treatment for cancer, exclusive of skin cancer other than melanoma, in the past 2 years; infectious diseases including untreated AIDS and active tuberculosis; uncontrolled hypertension of \>190 mmHg SBP or \>105 mmHg DBP despite treatment; stroke or TIA in the past 6 months; conditions requiring the use of home oxygen; or other chronic disease or condition likely to limit life span to \< 1 year.
* Because of the dietary requirements of a pregnant woman, and the nature of weight loss and gain with pregnancy, inclusion of pregnant women in the study would confound the study results. Those who become pregnant during the study will be withdrawn from the study.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Sedentary individuals with chronic kidney disease stages 3 or 4 disease;
* Both genders;
* Age between 30 and 65 years;
* Overweight (BMI\> 25 kg/m2);
* With a negative stress test.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,
* class IV heart failure,
* myocardial infarction within the last 6 months,
* decompensated hypertension (systolic blood pressure\> 180 mmHg or diastolic\> 110 mmHg in the last 6 months),
* uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmia,
* decompensated diabetes mellitus (glycated hemoglobin\> 8.0%),
* unstable angina,
* infectious processes in the last 3 weeks;
* begin use of erythropoietin or with hemoglobin \<11g/L.
* use of beta-blocker medication
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy
* body mass index more than 23 Kg/m2
* 24 hours urine protein more than 1 g
* estimated GFR more than 20 ml/min

Exclusion Criteria:

* pregnancy and lactation
* rapidly renal function decline
* crescent formation in renal biopsy more than 10%

Answer: C