Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Improving Exclusive Breastfeeding Via Mobile Phone Text Messages: a Randomized Controlled Trial in Southern Jordan
Brief Summary: World Health Organization (2001) recommended that infants should be exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months and could be continued in the second year of life or longer. The rate of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) in Jordan is in progressive decline. In 2002 the EBF rate among babies less than 6 months old was 26.7% and unfortunately this rate dropped to 22% in 2007 and to 23% in 2012. In Jordan, 68% of babies receive breast milk within 24 hours of birth and the large majority continues to do so for 12.5 months, but EBF rates are very low. While health and nutrition experts recommend that introduction of complementary foods should start only when an infant is six months old, other liquids such as water, juice, and formula milk are being introduced to most Jordanian infants in the first couple of months . Thus, urgent attention is directed towards improving exclusive breastfeeding rates during the first six months of life.Despite scientific evidence concerning the benefits of breast milk, the practice of EBF is still uncommon in Jordan. Even with the consolidation of numerous strategies to promote breastfeeding and the general public health recommendation that infants should be exclusively breastfed during the first six months of life, the duration of breastfeeding in Jordan is in progressive decline and the percentage of infants exclusively breastfed for the first six months of life is still low and worrisome. A review of previous studies in Jordan, showed that most of these are descriptive studies focused on studying the factors affecting the rate of EBF and the reasons why women stop breastfeeding their children. There is no study on improving EBF for women in Jordan so far. To date there have been no interventions using mobile phones to improve breastfeeding and other feeding practices in Jordan. The aim of this research is to improve the EBF rates and duration through using a mobile phone-based EBF promotion (Text message). A randomized controlled trial with follow-up from recruitment until 6 months post-delivery will be conducted to implement EBF promotion intervention using mobile phone text messages in southern Jordan, and evaluate its impact on breastfeeding practices. The intervention group will receive EBF promotional messages and the control group will receive child health care-related messages (except breastfeeding messages) from the time of discharge until 6 months post delivery.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Received menstrual regulation services using Manual Vacuum Aspiration (MVA) or Medical Abortion (MA)
* Have a personal mobile telephone
* Agree to receive messages on mobile about family planning
* Provide informed consent for participation

Exclusion Criteria:

* Received anaesthesia for their MVA procedure
* Intend to become pregnant within the next six months
* Intend to use, or for partner to use, a permanent method of contraception (i.e. sterilisation) within the next six months
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years of age and older
* speak and write in Arabic language
* could access a mobile phone that could display Arabic language fonts,
* express interest in breastfeeding
* had an uncomplicated singleton pregnancy
* who lived in an area with mobile network coverage

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-Arabic speaking mothers
* who do not express interest in breastfeeding
* had pregnancy complications, a multiple pregnancy, and known medical conditions including mental illness that might hinder breastfeeding.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Man or transgender M to F who has sex with men.
* Age 18 years or older.
* Subjects must have substantial ongoing risk of acquisition of HIV as evident by one or more of the following:

  * Has at least one HIV infected sexual partner for ≥4 weeks.
  * No condom use during anal intercourse with ≥3 male sex partners who are HIV-positive or of unknown HIV status during the last 3 months.
  * No condom use during anal sex with ≥1 male partner and STI diagnosis during the last 3 months.
* Negative for HIV infection by rapid HIV test and confirmed negative by NAT or other sensitive method such as antibody- antigen test.
* Acceptable laboratory values in the past 30 days:

  * Calculated creatinine clearance of at least 60 mL/min by the Cockcroft-Gault formula (eCcr (male) in mL/min = \[(140 - age in years) x (lean body weight in kg)\] / (72 x serum creatinine in mg/dL)
  * Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and/ or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \< 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
  * Hemoglobin \> 9 g/dL
  * Absolute neutrophil count \> 750/ mm3
  * Platelets \> 75,000/ mm3

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable to give informed consent.
* Active hepatitis B (positive hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) or HBSAg negative/ HB core antibody positive/ HBV PCR positive).
* Has substantial medical condition, that in the opinion of the investigator would preclude participation, as defined by

  * cardiovascular condition that may lead to an increased risk of complication if placed on study drugs.
  * gastrointestinal condition that would impair absorption of study drugs.
  * neurological or psychiatric condition that would significantly impair the ability to adhere to PrEP.
  * calculated GFR \< 60 mL/min.
  * alcohol or drug abuse or dependence that would significantly impair the ability to adhere to PrEP (only for those with severe impairment).
  * other medical condition that would unacceptably increase the risk of harm from study drug or significantly impair the ability to adhere to PrEP.
* Suspected sensitivity or allergy to the study drug or any of its components.
* Currently using an essential product or medication that interacts with the study drug such as the following:

  * ART (including nucleoside analogs, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, protease inhibitors or investigational antiretroviral agents)
  * Agents with known nephrotoxic potential:

    * aminoglycoside antibiotics (including gentamicin)
    * IV amphotericin B
    * cidofovir
    * cisplatin
    * foscarnet
    * IV pentamidine
    * IV vancomycin
    * oral or IV gancyclovir
    * other agents with significant nephrotoxic potential
  * Drugs that slow renal excretion

    * Probenecid
  * Immune system modulators

    * Systemic chemotherapeutic agents (i.e. cancer treatment medications)
    * Ongoing systemic corticosteroids (with the exception of short courses of tapering steroid doses for asthma or other self- limited condition).
    * Interleukin-2 (IL-2)
    * Interferon (alpha, beta, or gamma)
  * Other agent known to have a significant interaction with TDF or FTC
  * Proteinuria 2+ or greater by urine dipstick
  * Signs or symptoms suggestive of acute HIV infection
  * Any other reason or condition that in the opinion of the investigator would interfere with participation, complicate interpretation of study outcome data, or otherwise interfere with achieving the study objectives.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Truck Drivers or Trucking Assistants (Sample 1) and female sex workers(Sample 2) registered in the North Star Alliance electronic health record system and who
* had no indication that they were HIV-positive
* resided in Kenya
* had a valid mobile phone number listed
* had fewer than four HIV tests recorded in the system in the past 12 months (indicating that they were not following the recommendation to test every 3 months for 4 tests per year), and
* had not had an HIV test in the past 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

* None

Answer: B