Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Antismoking Effects of Electronic Cigarettes in Subjects With Schizophrenia and Their Potential Influence on Cognitive Functioning: Design of a Randomized Trial. Smoking Cessation And Reduction In Schizophrenia (The SCARIS Study)
Brief Summary: It is well established in studies across several countries that tobacco smoking is more prevalent among schizophrenic patients than the general population. Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are becoming increasingly popular with smokers worldwide. To date there are no large randomised trials of e-cigarettes in schizophrenic smokers. A well-designed trial is needed to compare efficacy and safety of these products in this special population.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Interested in quitting gradually
* At least 18 years old
* Daily cigarette smoker
* Smoke at least 15 cigarettes per day (CPD)
* No change greater than 20% in CPD in the last month
* Interested in quitting in next 30 days
* Must agree to not use non-cigarette tobacco during study
* No use of smoking cessation medication in last month
* Have phone with voice mail
* Willing to use nicotine lozenge
* No other person in household in study
* Fluent/literate in English

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding
* Currently using medication for depression or asthma
* Heart disease requiring medication
* Heart attack in last month
* Irregular heartbeat
* High blood pressure not controlled by medication
* Stomach ulcers
* Diabetes
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Aged ≥18 years old;
2. Smoked more than 10 cigarettes per day in the past month.
3. Have no intent to smoking cessation now.
4. Agreed to participate in the follow-up, offer telephone number and signed an informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Smoked less than 10 cigarettes per day in the past month.
2. Had some diseases that let the physician think that it would be unethical not to advise him to quit smoking as soon as possible.
3. Cognitively impaired (such as those with deafness or who could not understand and complete the questionnaire reliably).
4. Pregnant females.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18-70 years
* Result Fagerström-Test \>= 3
* Consumption of at least 10 Cig./day
* carbon monoxide \>= 8 ppm
* Wish, to reduce smoking but no intention to stop smoking within the next 4 weeks
* Agreement, to resign to nicotine replacement therapy, other therapies for smoking reduction, e-cigarettes or non-smoking tobacco products during study time

Exclusion Criteria:

* severe psychiatric disorder
* severe neurologic disease
* alcohol, drug or medication abuse (acute or in anamnesis)
* severe cardiovascular disease
* severe cancer disease
* severe internal disease
* Consumption of psychopharmacological medication
* acute suicidal tendency
* pregnancy or lactation
* consumption of medication therapy for smoking reduction in the last 3 month
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Schizophrenic subjects (according to DSM-IV-TR criteria) from throughout Sicily, (Italy), who smoke tobacco cigarettes, in stable phase of illness.
* smoke ≥10 factory made cig/day, for at least the past five years
* age 18-65 years
* in good general health
* not currently attempting to quit smoking or wishing to do so in the next 30 days (a specific test will be included to check their unwillingness to quit) 6 months
* committed to follow the trial procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

* use of smokeless tobacco or nicotine replacement therapy
* pregnancy or breastfeeding.
* current or recent (less than 1 yr) past history of alcohol and/or drug abuse
* other significant co-morbidities according to the Investigator's clinical assessment

Answer: D