Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: The investigators aimed to compare the efficacy of nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) and nasal continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in early rescue surfactant treatment in preterm infants.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

- Gestational age 26-32 weeks

The criteria for failure were met by at least 1 of the following:

* pH: 7.10 and PaCO2: 70 mm Hg
* Recurrent apnea with \>3 episodes (Prophylactic caffeine were used in all infants)
* Single episode of apnea that required bag-and-mask ventilation
* PaO2: 50 mmHg with a fraction of inspired oxygen of \>0.5.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Major congenital anomalies
* Presence of cardiovascular instability
* Intubation at admission to the NICU
* Consent not provided or refused
B: Inclusion Criteria:

Infants likely to be delivered to women presenting to a participating Vermont Oxford Network Center at high risk of premature delivery at gestational age 26 + 0 to 29 + 6 weeks will be eligible for inclusion. Specific inclusion criteria that must be met prior to randomization include:

1. Imminent delivery
2. No potentially life-threatening congenital anomaly or genetic syndrome
3. No known lung maturity
4. Antenatal steroid status known
5. Written, informed consent obtained (on admission or prior to delivery).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Stillborn (Apgar score of 0 at one minute of age)
2. Noted to have a potentially life-threatening congenital anomaly or genetic syndrome noted immediately after delivery.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Preterm Infants \< 32 wGA (weeks of gestational age)
* Presenting a RDS (respiratory distress syndrome)

  * in the first 48 hours of life
  * treated by CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) or BiPAP (Bilevel Positive Airway Pressure)
  * requiring surfactant :

    * FIO2 : (fraction of inspired oxygen)

      * if 28 - 31 SA : FiO2 ≥30% for a duration ≥ 10mn
      * if \<28 SA FIO2 ≥25% for a duration ≥10mn
    * SpO2 (arterial oxygen saturation) : to obtain a SpO2 between ≥88 and ≤ 95%
* Available IntraVenous line (peripheral, umbilical or central catheter)
* Recipient of the French Social Security
* Informed consent form signed

Exclusion Criteria:

* Congenital and/or major malformations
* FIO2 \>60%
* Silverman score \>6
* Contraindication to the use of Propofol :
* Low Blood Pressure with 2 successive measurements (Mean \< Gestational Age expressed in Weeks of Gestation) persisting after one volume expansion,
* Use of inotropic medication to maintain a normal blood pressure.
* Use of sedative or analgesic drugs (except paracetamol and ibuprofen) in the previous 24h
* Coma, convulsions, areactivity at neurological examination
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Infants with a minimal gestational age of 24 weeks 0 days to 27 completed weeks (up to 27 6/7ths) by best obstetrical estimate
* Infants who will receive full resuscitation as necessary, i.e., no parental request or physician decision to forego resuscitation
* Infants whose parents/legal guardians have provided consent for enrollment, or
* Infants without known major congenital malformations

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any infant transported to the center after delivery
* Infants whose parents/legal guardians refuse consent
* Infants born during a time when the research apparatus/study personnel are not available
* Infants \< 24 weeks 0 days or \> 28 weeks 0 days, completed weeks of gestation

Answer: A