Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Treatments for Fathers With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Their At-Risk Children (Fathers Too)
Brief Summary: In contrast to mothers with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), the impact of paternal ADHD in families and children with ADHD symptoms has not been studied, despite the prevalence of ADHD in males. Thus, the investigators do not know the feasibility, impact on treatment on the family and child, and effects of treating fathers relative to mothers with ADHD. Paternal ADHD is associated with negative parenting and child conduct problems.

The investigators hypothesize that successfully treating parental ADHD in fathers will have a beneficial effects on the family that will extend to the child. Specifically, the investigators believe that stimulant medication ((Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) or a different ADHD medication if poor response to LDX) with fathers will reduce father's ADHD symptoms and improve parenting. Effects of stimulant treatment of fathers will be compared to Behavioral Parent Training (BPT) on parenting, and paternal and child outcomes in fathers with ADHD who have children between the ages of 3 -8.

As in the investigator's previous work, the investigators will bank paternal and child DNA and RNA for later examination of pharmacogenetic and epigenetic effects (i.e. RNA) of stimulant response.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

To be eligible for inclusion, each subject must fulfill each of the following criteria at the Entry visit:

* The subject participated in the antecedent SPD485-409 study, and a) completed all required study visits (Baseline through Visit 9) OR b) completed the 5 week Dose Optimization period without achieving an acceptable condition as defined by the antecedent SPD485-409 study.
* Subject has blood pressure measurements within the 95th percentile for age, gender, and height at Entry.
* Subject's ECG results are within the normal range or not clinically significant at Entry as judged by the Investigator in conjunction with the central reader.
* Females must have a negative urine pregnancy test at Entry and agree to use acceptable contraceptives throughout the study period and for 30 days the last dose of IP.
* Subject and parent of legally authorized representative (LAR) are able, willing and likely to fully comply with study procedures and restrictions.
* Written, signed and dated informed consent to participate in the study must be given by the subject's parent or LAR, in accordance with the International Conference on Harmonisation (ICH), Good Clinical Practices (GCP) Guideline E6 and applicable regulations, before completing any study-related procedures.
* There must be documentation of the subject's assent to participate in the study indicating that the subject is aware of the investigational nature of the study and the required procedures and restrictions. Failure to object is not to be considered assent.

Exclusion Criteria

Subjects will be excluded from the study if any of the following criteria are met at Entry:

* Subject was discontinued from SPD485-409 due to a protocol violation, non-compliance, AE, or a serious adverse event (SAE).
* Subject has a concurrent chronic or acute illness (such as severe allergic rhinitis or an infectious process requiring antibiotics), disability, or other condition that might confound the results of safety assessments administered in the study or that might increase risk to the subject. Similarly, the subject will be excluded if he or she has any additional condition(s) that in the Investigator's opinion would prohibit the subject from completing the study or would not be in the best interest of the subject. This would include any significant illness or unstable medical condition that could lead to difficulty complying with the protocol. Mild, stable asthma is not exclusionary.
* Subject is taking any medication that is excluded.
* Female subject who is pregnant or lactating.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* ADHD diagnosis of all subtypes (except Not Otherwise Specified)
* Patients with total or subscale Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ADHD RS-IV) scores \> =90th percentile relative to the general population of children by age and gender
* Patients currently receiving ADHD medication must be inadequately managed on their current stimulant dose and meet this criteria at the screening visit
* Ability to read and understand English
* Ability to attend school regularly.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Estimated Full Scale IQ score of 80 or below
* Severe Learning Disability
* History of, or current, primary diagnosis of: severe anxiety disorder, conduct disorder, psychotic disorders, pervasive developmental disorder, eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, sleep disorder, major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, substance use disorder, chronic tic disorder, personal or family history of Tourette's syndrome
* Weight \< 3rd percentile for age
* History of hospitalization for treatment of a mood, anxiety, or psychotic disorder
* History of failed response to methylphenidate.
C: Fathers Inclusion Criteria:

* Sign informed consent
* Be between 21-55 years old (inclusive) at the screening visit
* English-speaking
* At screening (after washout, if required) meet full DSM-IV criteria for ADHD, any subtype
* Current CGI-S-ADHD rating ≥ 4 and \< 7.
* Findings on physical exam (PE), laboratory studies, vital signs, and electrocardiogram (ECG) judged to be normal for age with no contraindications for MPH treatment.
* Pulse and blood pressure (BP) within 95% of age and gender mean
* Commit to the entire visit schedule for the study.
* Able to complete all study assessments.
* Fathers with comorbid mood/anxiety disorders which are effectively treated with antidepressants or anti-anxiety agents will be eligible for participation, provided this medication has not changed within 30 days, is well tolerated, and that current mood symptoms are not severe or associated with active suicidal ideation.

Father Exclusion Criteria:

* History of allergic reactions or severe negative response to study medications
* Active alcohol/substance abuse in the past 3 months or a positive urinary toxic screen on initial evaluation that is not explained by a time-limited medical circumstance.
* Current bipolar illness, schizophrenia, psychoses, or significant suicidal risk
* History of chronic or acute medical disorder for which stimulant therapy would be contraindicated (e.g., glaucoma, hypertension).
* Currently, (or within the past 30 days) receiving stimulant medication for ADHD.
* Father should not seek parent-based interventions during the course of the study, Weeks 1 - 8.

Child Inclusion Criteria:

* Sign assent if older than six.
* Be between the ages of 3-8.
* Symptoms of ADHD (Conners Hyperactivity Index or Attention \> 60).
* English speaking.
* No prior treatment with effective doses of stimulants.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age from 9.0 to 14.0.
* ADHD diagnosis following assessment at a child \& adolescent outpatient clinic.
* Clarification for stimulant treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Moderate or severe mental retardation.
* Psychosis.
* Proven brain damage.
* Sensory deficits and/or motor impairments that make the individual in question unsuitable for the relevant tests.
* Epilepsy.
* The child has previously been prescribed stimulant medication or is being treated with such medication.
* The child commutes between parents or there are other factors that substantially reduce the possibility of obtaining reliable observations from parents (The child needs to live in one place through out the whole trial since otherwise might severely influence the child's behaviour and the observations).

Answer: C