Please select the outcome measures that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effects of a Nurse-led Case Management Programme on Home Exercise Training for Haemodialysis Patients
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of a nurse-led case management programme on home exercise training for haemodialysis patients. We hypothesised that: a. There is no significant difference in physical functioning between participants receiving the nurse-led home exercise training programme and those receiving the comparison care. b. There is no difference in depression between participants receiving the nurse-led home exercise training programme and those receiving the comparison care. c. There is no difference in quality of life and health perception between participants receiving the nurse-led home exercise training programme and those receiving the comparison care. d. There is no difference in physical activity levels between participants receiving the nurse-led home exercise training programme and those receiving the comparison care. e. There is no difference in perceived benefits and barriers of exercise between participants receiving the nurse-led home exercise training programme and those receiving the comparison care.

The study was a randomized controlled trial conducted in two haemodialysis units of two tertiary hospitals in Nanjing, China. Participants were randomly assigned to either study group or comparison group. Participants in both groups received the in-center exercise training (20 minutes) before haemodialysis sessions weekly for 6 weeks and were instructed to perform exercise at home. The in-center training was focused on flexibility and strengthening exercise. Patients were encouraged to have cardiovascular exercises at home which will improve their cardiovascular conditions and endurance. The list of cardiovascular exercise included brisk walking, bicycling, jogging. Participants in the study group were instructed to start walking or brisk walking at low duration and gradually progress to a maximum of 30 minutes daily per week. To facilitate exercise progression, the nurse case managers discussed exercise benefits, explored exercise barriers and developed mutual goals with patients. The nurse motivated them and checked the exercise behaviors to ensure adherence to the recommended exercise regime. The nurse case managers interviewed the study group patients weekly for six weeks and biweekly for another six weeks. Participants in the comparison group only participated in the in-center exercise training. The comparison group patients received usual care from the nurse without the interviews and mutual goals developed.


Options:
A: Change in Body Heat Storage (Changes from baseline at 7 months); Change in Insulin Resistance (Changes from baseline at 7 months); Change in Muscle Size (Changes from baseline at 7 months)
B: The number of participants with an adverse event (Change from baseline to 12 weeks); Adherence to the exercise protocol (At 12 weeks); The number of dropouts (At the end of the study, 6 months); Human activity profile (Change from baseline to 12 weeks); The number of participants who adopted the other group's exercise (Change from baseline and 12 weeks); The proportion of patients that would continue their current intradialytic exercise program after the study is over. (At the end of the study, 6 months.)
C: Change in non-invasive measures of arterial stiffness using applanation tonometry. (4 months and 8 months after study initiation)
D: Change from baseline in walking speed on the 10-meter walking test at week 6 and change from baseline in walking speed on 10-meter walking test at week 12 (Baseline, Week 6, and Week 12)

Answer: D