Please select the outcome measures that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Mobile Phones as a Health Communication Tool to Improve Maternal and Neonatal Health in Zanzibar
Brief Summary: Reducing maternal and newborn mortality remains a global challenge. Because obstetric complications cannot be predicted, skilled attendance at the time of delivery and access to emergency obstetric care remain the most effective strategies to reduce mortality. Antenatal care has the potential to reduce maternal morbidity and improve newborns survival but this benefit may not be realized in sub-Saharan Africa where the attendance and quality of care is declining. There is a rapidly expanding number of mobile phone users in developing countries and due to the potential to strengthen health system the use of mobile phones is health care is emerging. The investigators assessed a mobile phone intervention named "wired mothers" aimed to improve maternal and newborn health.

The hypothesis of the study was that the wired mothers mobile phone intervention would increase attendance to essential reproductive health services such as antenatal care and skilled delivery attendance and reduce severe adverse pregnancy outcomes for women and newborn.

The objective of the study was to examine the effect of the wired mothers intervention on antenatal care, skilled delivery attendance, access to emergency obstetric care and perinatal mortality.

The study was a pragmatic cluster randomized controlled trial with the primary health care facility as the unit of randomization. The study took place in 2009-2010 on the island of Unguja in Zanzibar. 2550 pregnant women who attended antenatal care at one of 24 selected facilities were included at their first visit and followed until 42 days after delivery. Facilities were allocated by simple randomization to either mobile phone intervention (n=12) or standard care (n=12). The intervention consisted of a SMS and mobile phone voucher component.

The perspectives of the study are that mobile phones may contribute to saving the lives of women and their newborns and achievement of MDGs 4 and 5. Evidence is needed to guide maternal and child health policy makers in developing countries.


Options:
A: Neonatal mortality rate (deaths within 28 days of birth)
B: the number and spacing of subsequent pregnancies and births (When first child is 12); the rates of marriage and cohabitation with the father of the child (When first child is 12); mothers' employment, career growth, economic self-sufficiency, and welfare dependence (When first child is 12); mothers' behavioral problems due to substance abuse (When first child is 12); children's academic achievement, placements in special education, rates of grade retention, conduct in school, and academic achievement (At age 12); rates of developmental disability, grade retention, placement in special education, and school disciplinary actions among subsequent children (At age 12); mothers' arrests for serious misdemeanors and felonies (When first child is 12)
C: Skilled delivery attendance (From inclusion to 42 days after delivery. Asssessed at delivery and confirmed 42 days after delivery)
D: HIV-related transmission acts (18 months); Baby's health status (18 months); Maternal adherence to HIV-related and general health routines (18 months); Mental health (18 months); Social support (18 months)

Answer: C