Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: To ensure minimal cervical motion during the intubation of trauma patients is important for the prevention of cervical spine injury (CSI) or further deterioration of existing CSI.

Intubation is required to secure the airway in patient during an anesthesia management or a mechanical ventilation at intensive care units. Laryngoscopes are the assisting tools for intubations. The most widely used laryngoscope type is one with a Macintosh blade. However, various types of laryngoscopes have been developed to be used for in case of difficult intubations, the intubation of the patients with head and neck trauma, or the intubation attempts carried out by inexperienced individuals. Truview EVO2® and Airtraq® are newly developed laryngoscopes, integrated with an optical view system.

The Truphatek TruView EVO2® (Truphatek International Ltd, Netanya, Israel) is a recently introduced, easy viewing type of laryngoscope, modified from the blades of Macintosh type laryngoscopes, having an angle of 46° at the end of blade and including a camera system that magnifies the image.

The Airtraq® laryngoscope (ATQ; King Medical Systems, Newark, DE) is also a newly developed type of laryngoscope, including optical imaging system. There is a channel on the device for the placement of the endotracheal tube. Endotracheal tube is inserted into the channel before the laryngoscopy. It has been reported that Airtraq is a novel single use laryngoscope which provides glottis display without any deviation in the normal position of the oral, pharyngeal or the tracheal axes.

In the literature, there are many studies comparing the effects of these newly developed laryngoscopes on cervical motions in different scenarios with cadavers and normal patients. However, in these studies, individual vertebral motion was reported during the placement of the tube, while the angulation of the head and neck and the difficulty of the intubations were not clear.

In this study our first hypothesis was cervical motion during endotracheal intubation in Truview EVO2® and Airtraq® types of laryngoscopes is lesser than Macintosh. The second one was the endotracheal intubation time is similar to the Macintosh that is used more often.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status of 1-2 and age of 20-80 years undergoing elective endovascular coiling to secure cerebral aneurysm under general anesthesia in neuroangiographic rooms.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with C-spine injury, C-spine disease
* Patients with past medical history of C-spine surgery or intervention
* Patients with the upper airway abnormalities, such as inflammation, abscesses, tumours, polyps, or trauma.
* Patients with past medical history of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease and previous airway surgery, a high risk of aspiration, coagulation disorders, or Hunt Hess grade of 3-5.
* Body mass index \> 30
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* patient scheduled for a general anesthesia with orotracheal intubation

Exclusion Criteria:

* predictable risk of difficult mask ventilation or of difficult tracheal intubation
* necessity of a rapid sequence induction
* contra-indication to the use of the automated administration of propofol and of remifentanil
* contra-indication to the use of atracurium
* Otolaryngology, thoracic surgery, or intracranial surgery
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult patients (age \>17) requiring emergent endotracheal intubation in the Emergency Department using direct laryngoscopy

Exclusion Criteria:

* Physician intends to intubate with a device other than a direct laryngoscope
D: Inclusion Criteria:

The patients who will undergo general anesthesia for abdominal surgery, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I to III, The patients who were aged between 20 and 75

Exclusion Criteria:

Our exclusion criteria were to have a history of emergency intubation or a difficult intubation, to have a body mass index higher than 35 or a rheumatologic disease that cause limitation of cervical motion, to have a previous history of cervical operation or tumor, trauma or infection on upper airway, and to have no tooth.

Answer: D