Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized, Double-Blind, Parallel Group, Placebo Controlled Safety, Tolerability and Efficacy Study of NP002 in Subjects With Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease With Dyskinesias Due to Levodopa Therapy
Brief Summary: The study is designed to answer the question: will nicotine at doses that do not cause serious side effects, show feasibility in treatment of levodopa-induced dyskinesia in patients with Parkinson's disease?


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* clinical diagnosis of probable idiopathic Parkinson's disease
* in stable health
* male and female aged 30-83 yrs
* Hoehn and Yahr stage II through IV inclusive
* levodopa-induced dyskinesias present greater than 25% of waking day; rating equal or greater than 2 on item 32 of UPDRS
* dyskinesias moderately or severely disabling as determined by a rating of equal or greater than 2 on item 33 of UPDRS
* Mini-Mental state (MMSE) score of equal or greater than 26
* on a stable dose of levodopa for at least 30 days
* if subjects are taking dopamine antagonists, amantadine, MAO-B inhibitors (rasagiline only) or COMT inhibitors, doses must have been stable for at least 30 days

Exclusion Criteria:

* Secondary or non-idiopathic Parkinson's disease
* Subjects with parkinsonian symptoms who do not respond to levodopa therapy
* history of schizophrenia, or other DSM-IV TR axis 1 diagnosis sufficient to interfere with or affect study conduct or interpretation of results
* any history (past 5 years) of suicide or suicide attempt or thoughts or urges of suicide on direct questioning
* subjects who score 2 or higher on a single module of the Jay MIDI scale
* moderate or severe hallucinations, psychoses or delusions
* any medical condition or lab abnormality presenting an unwarranted risk in the opinion of the Investigator
* history of HIV positivity, AIDS, or active hepatitis determined by subject report
* female who is pregnant or breastfeeding
* female of childbearing potential not using double barrier method of birth control throughout the duration of the study
* receipt of a neurosurgical intervention (e.g. brain surgery)related to Parkinson's disease or any neurosurgical procedure sufficient to interfere with study conduct or interpretation of results
* must not have systolic blood pressure ≥150; diastolic ≥95.
* must not have ECG at screening judged clinically significantly abnormal by investigator
* must not have QTc \> 450 msec at ECG screen
* must not have current angina pectoris, history of ventricular arrhythmias, uncontrolled hyperthyroidism, known or suspected pheochromocytoma, symptomatic vasospastic disease, or active peptic ulcer
* must not have a history of stroke, transient ischemic attack (TIA) or myocardial infarction within the last 2 years
* must not have current drug or alcohol abuse within the last two years. Acceptable alcohol use is no more than 3 ounces of alcohol, 3 beers or 2 glasses of wine per day.
* must not be participating in another drug trial or have participated in another drug study in the last 30 days. Observational trials with no intervention are acceptable provided permission is obtained from the other study sponsor in writing.
* must not be unwilling or unable to swallow capsules
* must not have a positive urine test for cotinine at screening
* must not be a smoker, previous (less than 5 years since cessation) smoker or have regular exposure to second hand smoke
* must not be allergic to capsule excipients
* must not be allergic to ondansetron. If allergic, they may participate provided they understand there is no rescue medication for potential nausea or vomiting during the study
* must not have known sensitivity to nicotine or nicotine-containing products
* must not be taking any of the following medications or substances within a minimum of 30 days: nicotine, any form; CYP2A6 inducers or inhibitors during the course of the study or within 30 days of the planned initial dose (your investigator will have a full list of these drugs); Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (with the exception of rasagiline, which is allowed)(your investigator will have a full list of these drugs); apokyn (apomorphine), due to its contraindication with ondansetron); warfarin.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Signed a current IRB/REB/IEC-approved informed consent form;
* Parkinson's disease, per UK Parkinson's Disease Society (UKPDS) Brain Bank Clinical Diagnostic Criteria;
* On a stable regimen of antiparkinson's medications for at least 30 days prior to screening, including a levodopa preparation administered not less than three times daily, and willing to continue the same doses and regimens during study participation;
* Following diary training, the subject is willing and able to understand and complete the 24-hour PD home diary (trained caregiver/study partner assistance allowed);
* Any other current and allowed prescription/non-prescription medications and/or nutritional supplements taken regularly must have been at a stable dose and regimen for at least 30 days prior to screening, and subject must be willing to continue the same doses and regimens during study participation (this criterion does not apply to medications that are being taken pre-study only on an as-needed basis);

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of neurosurgical intervention related to Parkinson's disease (e.g. deep brain stimulation);
* History of seizures within 2 years prior to screening;
* History of stroke or TIA within 2 years prior to screening;
* History of cancer within 5 years prior to screening, with the following exceptions: adequately treated non-melanomatous skin cancers, localized bladder cancer, non-metastatic prostate cancer, in situ cervical cancer, or other definitively treated cancer that is considered cured;
* Presence of cognitive impairment, as evidenced by a Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score of less than 24 during screening;
* If female, is pregnant or lactating;
* If a sexually active female, is not surgically sterile or at least 2 years post-menopausal, or does not agree to utilize an effective method of contraception from screening through at least 4 weeks after the completion of study treatment, using one of the following: barrier methods (diaphragm or partner using condoms plus use of spermicidal jelly or foam, preferably double-barrier methods); oral or implanted hormonal contraceptive; intrauterine device (IUD); or vasectomized male partner;
* Treatment with an investigational drug or device within 30 days prior to screening;
* Treatment with an investigational biologic within 6 months prior to screening;
* Current participation in another clinical trial;
C: Inclusion Criteria:

Patients who have:

* A diagnosis of idiopathic PD, with a disease severity rating of stage I to IV on the Hoehn and Yahr scale (Hoehn \& Yahr, 1967)
* At least 1 score of 2 or more for at least 1 limb for either the tremor, rigidity, or bradykinesia item of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)
* Stable medication usage
* Not participated in a structured exercise program (i.e., not involved in any routine, organized physical activity program lasting 30 minutes or more per day, such as a gym program or regularly scheduled instructor-led exercise class) in the previous 2 months
* Ability to stand unaided or walk independently; had a personal physician's or neurologist's clearance for participation; and had a willingness to be assigned to intervention conditions.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients who:

* Participate in any other behavioral or pharmacological research study
* Have cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Examination score, ≤ 24) (Folstein et al., 1975)
* Have self-reported diagnosis of Alzheimer disease or other severe neurological (stage III and IV PD)
* Have evidence of progressive or debilitating conditions (metastatic cancer, severe heart or lung disease, crippling arthritis) or severe losses in vision and hearing that would limit their tolerance to testing and training procedures, that would interfere with study participation
* Are unavailable during the study period.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosed with idiopathic PD.
2. At least 30 years old at the time of PD diagnosis.
3. Currently being treated with IR LD (CD-LD or benserazide-LD) and on a stable regimen of IR LD for at least 4 weeks and:

   * Requiring a total daily IR LD dose of at least 400 mg
   * Having a minimum dosing frequency of four times per day.
4. Able to differentiate "on" state from "off" state.
5. Have predictable "off" periods.
6. Amantadine, anticholinergics, selective monoamine oxidase (MAO) type B inhibitors (e.g., selegiline, rasagiline) or dopamine agonists are allowed as long as the doses and regimens have been stable for at least 4 weeks prior to Screening and the therapy is intended to be constant throughout the course of the study.
7. Agrees to use a medically acceptable method of contraception throughout the study and for 1 month afterward.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosed with atypical Parkinsonism or any known secondary Parkinsonian syndrome.
2. Nonresponsive to LD therapy.
3. Prior functional neurosurgical treatment for PD (e.g., ablation or deep brain stimulation) or if such procedures are anticipated during study participation.
4. Received within 4 weeks or planning to take during participation in the clinical study: any controlled-release LD product, additional CD (e.g., Lodosyn®) or benserazide (e.g. Serazide®), catechol-O-methyl transferase inhibitors (e.g., entacapone and tolcapone), nonselective MAO inhibitors, apomorphine, and antipsychotics including neuroleptic agents for the purpose of treating psychosis or bipolar disorder.
5. Allergic to Yellow Dye #5 (tartrazine).
6. History of or currently active psychosis.
7. Active or prior medical conditions such as peptic ulcers or prior surgical (e.g., bowel) procedures that would interfere with LD absorption.
8. Active or history of narrow-angle glaucoma.
9. A history of malignant melanoma or a suspicious undiagnosed skin lesion.
10. History of myocardial infarction with residual atrial, nodal, or ventricular arrhythmias, upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage, or neuroleptic malignant syndrome and/or nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis.
11. Received any investigational medications during the 4 weeks prior to Screening.
12. Unable to swallow large pills (e.g., large vitamin pills).
13. Pregnant or breastfeeding.
14. Subjects who are unable to complete a symptom diary.

Answer: A