TrialPanorama/Dataset huggingface dataset:
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Assessing the Health Impact of a Combined Water and Sanitation Intervention in Rural Odisha, India
Brief Summary: This is a matched-cohort study designed to assess the health impact of a rural demand-driven water and sanitation intervention that provides piped treated water and household level pour-flush latrines and bathing rooms, as implemented by Gram Vikas.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Sanitation intervention; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Provision of household latrines | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Provision of household latrines; Assigned to Arm(s): Sanitation intervention
B: Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Handwashing Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Scaling Up Handwashing Behavior Change | Arm Label: Sanitation Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing | Arm Label: Combined; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing, Behavioral: Scaling Up Handwashing Behavior Change | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing; Assigned to Arm(s): Combined, Sanitation Intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Scaling Up Handwashing Behavior Change; Assigned to Arm(s): Combined, Handwashing Intervention
C: Arm Label: Intervention group; Type: N/A; Interventions: Behavioral: Improved water supply and sanitation | Arm Label: Control group; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Improved water supply and sanitation; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention group
D: Arm Label: Water quality; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Water quality | Arm Label: Sanitation; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Sanitation | Arm Label: Hand washing; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Hand washing | Arm Label: Combined WASH; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Water quality, Sanitation, Hand washing (Combined WASH) | Arm Label: Nutrition; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Nutrition | Arm Label: Nutrition + Combined WASH; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Nutrition, Water quality, Sanitation, Hand washing | Arm Label: Non-intervention; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Water quality; Assigned to Arm(s): Water quality | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Sanitation; Assigned to Arm(s): Sanitation | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Hand washing; Assigned to Arm(s): Hand washing | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Water quality, Sanitation, Hand washing (Combined WASH); Assigned to Arm(s): Combined WASH | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Nutrition; Assigned to Arm(s): Nutrition | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Nutrition, Water quality, Sanitation, Hand washing; Assigned to Arm(s): Nutrition + Combined WASH

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Assessing the Health Impact of a Combined Water and Sanitation Intervention in Rural Odisha, India
Brief Summary: This is a matched-cohort study designed to assess the health impact of a rural demand-driven water and sanitation intervention that provides piped treated water and household level pour-flush latrines and bathing rooms, as implemented by Gram Vikas.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Water quality; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Water quality | Arm Label: Sanitation; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Sanitation | Arm Label: Hand washing; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Hand washing | Arm Label: Combined WASH; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Water quality, Sanitation, Hand washing (Combined WASH) | Arm Label: Nutrition; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Nutrition | Arm Label: Nutrition + Combined WASH; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Nutrition, Water quality, Sanitation, Hand washing | Arm Label: Non-intervention; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Water quality; Assigned to Arm(s): Water quality | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Sanitation; Assigned to Arm(s): Sanitation | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Hand washing; Assigned to Arm(s): Hand washing | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Water quality, Sanitation, Hand washing (Combined WASH); Assigned to Arm(s): Combined WASH | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Nutrition; Assigned to Arm(s): Nutrition | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Nutrition, Water quality, Sanitation, Hand washing; Assigned to Arm(s): Nutrition + Combined WASH
B: Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Shoes; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: Shoes | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Shoes; Assigned to Arm(s): Shoes
C: Arm Label: Intervention group; Type: N/A; Interventions: Behavioral: Improved water supply and sanitation | Arm Label: Control group; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Improved water supply and sanitation; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention group
D: Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Handwashing Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Scaling Up Handwashing Behavior Change | Arm Label: Sanitation Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing | Arm Label: Combined; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing, Behavioral: Scaling Up Handwashing Behavior Change | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing; Assigned to Arm(s): Combined, Sanitation Intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Scaling Up Handwashing Behavior Change; Assigned to Arm(s): Combined, Handwashing Intervention

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in Young Infants With Humanized Monoclonal Antibody: A Randomized Clinical Trial (Palivizumab Study)
Brief Summary: There is a growing body of literature suggesting that monoclonal antibody could be efficacious in infants with RSV-bronchiolitis, well tolerated with no or clinically insignificant adverse effects.

"The investigators hypothesize that a single dose of iv palivizumab 15 mg/kg in diagnosed infants \<3 months old with RSV bronchiolitis will result in fewer infants with readmissions to infirmary/observation or hospital for relapse during 3 weeks of follow-up after discharge".


Options:
A: Arm Label: Motavizumab followed by Palivizumab; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: Motavizumab, palivizumab | Arm Label: Palivizumab followed by motavizumab; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: Palivizumab, motavizumab | Arm Label: Motavizumab control; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: Motavizumab | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Motavizumab, palivizumab; Assigned to Arm(s): Motavizumab followed by Palivizumab | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Palivizumab, motavizumab; Assigned to Arm(s): Palivizumab followed by motavizumab | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Motavizumab; Assigned to Arm(s): Motavizumab control
B: Arm Label: Palivizumab; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Palivizumab | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Palivizumab; Assigned to Arm(s): Palivizumab | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
C: Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Placebo | Arm Label: Motavizumab 30 mg/kg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: Motavizumab | Arm Label: Motavizumab 100 mg/kg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: Motavizumab | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Motavizumab; Assigned to Arm(s): Motavizumab 100 mg/kg, Motavizumab 30 mg/kg | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
D: Arm Label: RSVpreF vaccine; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: RSVpreF | Arm Label: Placebo dose; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Biological: Placebo | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: RSVpreF; Assigned to Arm(s): RSVpreF vaccine | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo dose

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Treatment of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Bronchiolitis in Young Infants With Humanized Monoclonal Antibody: A Randomized Clinical Trial (Palivizumab Study)
Brief Summary: There is a growing body of literature suggesting that monoclonal antibody could be efficacious in infants with RSV-bronchiolitis, well tolerated with no or clinically insignificant adverse effects.

"The investigators hypothesize that a single dose of iv palivizumab 15 mg/kg in diagnosed infants \<3 months old with RSV bronchiolitis will result in fewer infants with readmissions to infirmary/observation or hospital for relapse during 3 weeks of follow-up after discharge".


Options:
A: Arm Label: Motavizumab followed by Palivizumab; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: Motavizumab, palivizumab | Arm Label: Palivizumab followed by motavizumab; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: Palivizumab, motavizumab | Arm Label: Motavizumab control; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: Motavizumab | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Motavizumab, palivizumab; Assigned to Arm(s): Motavizumab followed by Palivizumab | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Palivizumab, motavizumab; Assigned to Arm(s): Palivizumab followed by motavizumab | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Motavizumab; Assigned to Arm(s): Motavizumab control
B: Arm Label: Palivizumab; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Palivizumab | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Palivizumab; Assigned to Arm(s): Palivizumab | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
C: Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: MEDI8897 50 mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: MEDI8897 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: MEDI8897; Assigned to Arm(s): MEDI8897 50 mg | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
D: Arm Label: Treated; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Untreated; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: STRIDER Canada: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Sildenafil Therapy In Dismal Prognosis Early-Onset Intrauterine Growth Restriction (Canada)
Brief Summary: Early-onset placental intrauterine growth restriction (EO IUGR) is associated with a high risk of perinatal morbidity and mortality. In association with reduced circulating placental growth factor (PlGF) EO IUGR results from abnormal placentation with inadequate remodelling of the maternal uteroplacental arteries. There is no known treatment for placental IUGR. Management involves intensive fetal surveillance with delivery with evidence of serious fetal compromise. However, remote from term, delivery is associated with significant perinatal mortality and morbidity. Sildenafil vasodilates the uteroplacental vessels of IUGR-affected pregnancies and may represent a novel therapy.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Sildenafil; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Sildenafil | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Sildenafil; Assigned to Arm(s): Sildenafil | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
B: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Sildenafil citrate; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
C: Arm Label: A; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: L ARG | Arm Label: B; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: L ARG; Assigned to Arm(s): A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): B
D: Arm Label: sildenafil citrate; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: sildenafil citrate | Arm Label: placebo; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: sildenafil citrate; Assigned to Arm(s): sildenafil citrate | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): placebo

Answer: A
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Prebiotic Fiber on Gut Microbiota, Intestinal Permeability and Glycemic Control in Children With Type 1 Diabetes: A Pilot Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Study
Brief Summary: The gut microbiome is increasingly recognized as a contributor to disease states. In type 1 diabetes, alterations in gut microbiota may be linked to changes in intestinal permeability, inflammation and insulin resistance. Prebiotic fiber is a dietary supplement that alters gut microbiota and could potentially improve insulin sensitivity in children with type 1 diabetes. This pilot study aims to determine the feasibility of a 12-week dietary intervention with prebiotic fiber in children with type 1 diabetes. The investigators hypothesize that consumption of prebiotic fiber will alter gut microbiota and intestinal permeability, leading to improved glycemic control. Prebiotic fiber is a potentially novel, inexpensive, low-risk treatment addition for type 1 diabetes that may improve glycemic control by changes in gut microbiota, gut permeability and inflammation.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Patients with CF; Type: N/A; Interventions: Diagnostic Test: Questionnaire Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) | Arm Label: Age-matched healthy controls; Type: N/A; Interventions: Diagnostic Test: Questionnaire Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM) | Intervention Type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST; Name: Questionnaire Patient Reported Outcome Measure (PROM); Assigned to Arm(s): Age-matched healthy controls, Patients with CF
B: Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: VX-445/TEZ/IVA TC; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: VX-445/TEZ/IVA, Drug: IVA | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: VX-445/TEZ/IVA; Assigned to Arm(s): VX-445/TEZ/IVA TC | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: IVA; Assigned to Arm(s): VX-445/TEZ/IVA TC | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
C: Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Placebo | Arm Label: Prebiotic; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Prebiotic | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Prebiotic; Assigned to Arm(s): Prebiotic | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
D: Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: 150 mg Ivacaftor q12h; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Ivacaftor | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ivacaftor; Assigned to Arm(s): 150 mg Ivacaftor q12h | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Teens Against Tobacco Use: A Model for Universal Tobacco Prevention and Youth Advocacy
Brief Summary: This study evaluates the efficacy of Teens Against Tobacco Use anti-tobacco presentations on tobacco use susceptibility in 4th-8th grade. Classrooms are randomly assigned to either receive a series of two presentations or wait listed to receive them later in the school year.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Peer-Led Peer-Elected Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Peer-Led Peer-Elected Intervention | Arm Label: Adult-Led Intervention; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Behavioral: Adult-Led Intervention | Arm Label: Peer-Led Non-Elected Intervention; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Behavioral: Peer-Led Non-Elected Intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Peer-Led Peer-Elected Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Peer-Led Peer-Elected Intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Adult-Led Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Adult-Led Intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Peer-Led Non-Elected Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Peer-Led Non-Elected Intervention
B: Arm Label: Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Teens Against Tobacco Use | Arm Label: Wait list control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Teens Against Tobacco Use; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention
C: Arm Label: This is Quitting; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: This is Quitting | Arm Label: Assessment only Control; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: Assessment only Control | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: This is Quitting; Assigned to Arm(s): This is Quitting | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Assessment only Control; Assigned to Arm(s): Assessment only Control
D: Arm Label: Vaping Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Social Media Intervention | Arm Label: Control Condition; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Social Media Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Vaping Intervention

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Adult Male Circumcision With Unicirc Under Topical Anesthetic vs Open Surgical Circumcision: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: RCT of Unicirc under topical anesthetic w/ cyanoacrylate wound sealing vs. open surgical circumcision under local anesthetic with suturing.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Circumcised immediately; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: male circumcision | Arm Label: Delayed Circumcision; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: male circumcision | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: male circumcision; Assigned to Arm(s): Circumcised immediately, Delayed Circumcision
B: Arm Label: PrePex™ device; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: PrePex™ device for adult male circumcision | Arm Label: Surgical; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Surgical circumcision | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: PrePex™ device for adult male circumcision; Assigned to Arm(s): PrePex™ device | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Surgical circumcision; Assigned to Arm(s): Surgical
C: Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Male Circumcision; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
D: Arm Label: Unicirc with tissue adhesive; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Unicirc with tissue adhesive | Arm Label: Open Surgical; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Open Surgical | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Unicirc with tissue adhesive; Assigned to Arm(s): Unicirc with tissue adhesive | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Open Surgical; Assigned to Arm(s): Open Surgical

Answer: D
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Tacrolimus ER Dosing in Obese Kidney Transplant Recipients
Brief Summary: Tacrolimus extended release (Astagraf) has recently been approved by the FDA as a once a day dosing regimen. This formulation has the potential to improve compliance. Current dosing recommendation for the extended release formulation in renal transplant is 0.15 mg/kg/day administered once daily in the morning. There are no specifications on appropriate dosing in obese patients or on whether to use actual, ideal or and adjusted weight. It will be advantageous to understand the pharmacokinetics of this medication in the obese to determine the appropriate dosing regimen. In this study, obese patients will be randomized to receive tacrolimus extended release 0.15 mg/kg/day based on either ideal body weight (IBW) or adjusted body weight (aBW).


Options:
A: Arm Label: control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: weight reduction; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: weight reduction | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: weight reduction; Assigned to Arm(s): weight reduction
B: Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Placebo | Arm Label: Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402): 75mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402) | Arm Label: Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402): 150mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402) | Arm Label: Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402): 25mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402) | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402); Assigned to Arm(s): Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402): 150mg, Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402): 25mg, Bardoxolone Methyl (RTA 402): 75mg
C: Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Exercise; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Exercise | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Exercise; Assigned to Arm(s): Exercise
D: Arm Label: IBW; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: tacrolimus extended release | Arm Label: ABW; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: tacrolimus extended release | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: tacrolimus extended release; Assigned to Arm(s): ABW, IBW

Answer: D
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Isotonic Solutions and Major Adverse Renal Events Trial in the Medical Intensive Care Unit
Brief Summary: The administration of intravenous fluids is ubiquitous in the care of the critically ill. Commonly available isotonic crystalloid solutions contain a broad spectrum electrolyte compositions including a range chloride concentrations. Recent studies have associated solutions with supraphysiologic chloride content with hyperchloremia, metabolic acidosis and renal vasoconstriction, acute kidney injury and renal replacement therapy, and increased mortality but no large, randomized-controlled trials have been conducted. SMART-MED will be a large, cluster-randomized, multiple-crossover trial enrolling critically ill patients from the Medical ICU at Vanderbilt University from June 2015 until April 2017. The primary endpoint will be the incidence of Major Adverse Kidney Events in 30 days after enrollment (MAKE30 is the composite of death, new renal replacement, or persistent renal dysfunction at discharge).


Options:
A: Arm Label: Intravenous fluids; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Drug: Lower chloride fluids (Hartmann's solution and Plasmalyte®) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Lower chloride fluids (Hartmann's solution and Plasmalyte®); Assigned to Arm(s): Intravenous fluids
B: Arm Label: Lactated ringers solution; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Lactated Ringer Solution | Arm Label: Normal saline solution; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Normal Saline 0.9% Infusion Solution Bag | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Lactated Ringer Solution; Assigned to Arm(s): Lactated ringers solution | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Normal Saline 0.9% Infusion Solution Bag; Assigned to Arm(s): Normal saline solution
C: Arm Label: Plasmalyte; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Plasmalyte A | Arm Label: Normal Saline; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Normal Saline | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Plasmalyte A; Assigned to Arm(s): Plasmalyte | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Normal Saline; Assigned to Arm(s): Normal Saline
D: Arm Label: 0.9% Saline; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: 0.9% Saline | Arm Label: Physiologically-balanced; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Physiologically-balanced isotonic crystalloid | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: 0.9% Saline; Assigned to Arm(s): 0.9% Saline | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Physiologically-balanced isotonic crystalloid; Assigned to Arm(s): Physiologically-balanced

Answer: D