Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Anti-Arrhythmic Medication (Amiodarone) Post Surgical Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation - Is it Necessary?
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether anti arrhythmic medication, specifically Amiodarone, is required during the first three months post surgical ablation.

Hypothesis: Amiodarone will not be required during the first three months as verified by no increase in rehospitalizations for recurrent Atrial Fibrillation, and report of sinus rhythm at surgical follow up (approximately 3 weeks from date of surgery), 6 weeks and 12 weeks to include patients' first follow up with cardiologist at approximately 3 months post surgery.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age more than 18 years
* Paroxysmal AF for at least 6 months with at least 3 symptomatic episodes (using patient history) during the previous 6 months
* Patients must be felt to be candidates for AF ablation based on AF that is symptomatic and refractory or intolerant to at least one class 1 or 3 antiarrhythmic agent.
* Documentation of at least one episode of AF on 12 lead ECG, TTM or Holter monitor within 12 months of randomization in the trial
* Patients must be on continuous anticoagulation with warfarin (INR 2-3) or fractionated subcutaneous heparin for \>4 weeks prior to the ablation or they have undergone a recent (less than 48 hours before planned ablation) transoesophageal echocardiogram to exclude left atrial thrombus.
* Patients must provide written informed consent to participate in the clinical trial.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Contraindications to oral anticoagulants
* History of any previous ablation or surgical maze for AF
* Intracardiac thrombus
* AF due to reversible cause
* Patients with left atrial size \> 55mm or significant mitral valve disease (moderate or severe mitral stenosis or regurgitation)
* Pregnancy
* Asthma, history of bronchospasm or known adverse reaction to adenosine
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult patients meeting ACC/AHA criteria for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (episodes typically last no more than 7 days and are self-terminating)
* Eligible for pulmonary vein isolation
* Able to tolerate antiarrhythmic medication

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age \<18
* Persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation (episodes last \>7 days and require cardioversion)
* Antiarrhythmic treatment for indication other than atrial fibrillation
* Contraindication or intolerance to all antiarrhythmic medications
* Primary physician unwilling to withhold antiarrhythmic drugs for duration of the study
* Failure to obtain informed consent
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. History of LSP AF
2. Age \> 18 years
3. Willing and ability to understand and sign an informed consent
4. Patients on chronic Amiodarone therapy (≥ 3 months)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Unstable angina
2. Concomitant treatment with other class I or III antiarrhythmic drugs
3. Myocardial infarction within past 3 months)
4. Presence of any disease that is likely to shorten life expectancy to \< 1 year
5. Symptomatic heart failure, NYHA III or IV
6. Contraindications for Amiodarone
7. Chronic liver diseases
8. Pregnant or breast-feeding mothers
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subject is ≥ 18 years of age
* Subject must be diagnosed with Persistent and/or Longstanding Persistent Atrial fibrillation as classified by the HRS Guidelines 8 \[0\]
* Subject must be selected as a candidate to undergo the Cox- Maze procedure for ablation of atrial fibrillation
* The Cox Maze procedure may be done as a stand alone procedure or combined with other cardiac surgical procedures either via a median sternotomy or a right thoracotomy:
* Subject has a Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (LVEF) ≥ 30%
* Subject would normally be prescribed Amiodarone as an anti arrhythmic medication post surgical ablation
* Subject is able and willing to provide written informed consent and HIPAA authorization
* Subject is able and willing to comply with all study requirements including attending all follow-up visits as deemed necessary by personal physician (cardiologist)
* Subject has a life expectancy of at least one year

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subject has undergone previous attempts at surgical Maze procedure or other AF operation, including surgical or catheter ablation Subject has an accessory pathways disorder (e.g. Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome)
* Subject is in Class IV NYHA
* Subject has had a documented MI within 6 weeks prior to study enrollment
* Subject needs emergent cardiac surgery (i.e. cardiogenic shock)
* Subject has known carotid artery stenosis greater than 80%
* Subject has a current diagnosis of active systemic infection
* Subject is pregnant, planning to become pregnant within 12-14 months, or lactating
* Subject requires preoperative intra-aortic balloon pump or intravenous inotropes
* Subject has renal failure requiring dialysis
* Subject is diagnosed with hepatic failure
* Subject is on anti-arrhythmic drug therapy for the treatment of a ventricular arrhythmia
* Subject has a known connective tissue disorder
* Subject is incarcerated
* Subject has previous or current therapy that could compromise tissue integrity including thoracic radiation, chemotherapy, long-term oral or injected steroids
* Subject is an intravenous drug and/or alcohol abuser
* Subject is participating in concomitant research studies of investigational products ( e.g. Appendage closure devices, atrial septal defect patches)

Answer: D