Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training (HF-ACTION)
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine the long-term safety and effectiveness of exercise training for individuals with congestive heart failure (CHF).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

- Patients with locally advanced or advanced prostate cancer being treated with androgen deprivation therapy (S-testosterone \< 1.7) for at least 6 months at the time of inclusion

Exclusion Criteria:

* WHO performance level above 1,symptomatic cardiovascular disorders, osteoporosis (T-score below -2.5)
B: * Are diagnosed with stage I-IIIA breast cancer, histologically confirmed
* Are scheduled to receive adjuvant chemotherapy (receiving neoadjuvant chemotherapy for locally advanced cancer is an exclusion criteria)
* Have not received previous chemotherapy (previous cancer is NOT an exclusion criteria)
* Have not received transabdominal rectus abdominis muscle (TRAM) reconstructive surgery
* Are 18 years or older
* Received approval from their treating oncologist
* No uncontrolled hypertension, cardiac illness or psychiatric condition or any other medical condition that would be a contraindication to exercise
* Able to understand and provide written informed consent in English or French (Ottawa)
* Complete maximal aerobic and strength tests. No contraindication to exercise as determined by fitness tests
* Are not pregnant
* Willing to accept randomization and complete their assigned exercise program
* If participant is currently exercising (e.g., swimming at the Y 3 times per week) must be willing to give this up in place of their randomly assigned program
* Willing to travel to fitness center 3 times/week to complete exercise program
* Willing to complete all assessments (except blood) at all timepoints including 6, 12, and 24 month follow-ups
* Must not have a planned/known absence of greater than 2 weeks during the intended intervention period and must be able/willing to perform exercise sessions on their own during any planned absences of less than 2 weeks
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Breast cancer early stage I -IIIA
* Completed axillary surgery
* Scheduled to receive adjuvant chemotherapy for 9 - 24 weeks
* Approval of the treating oncologist
* Able to understand and provide written informed consent in English or French (Ottawa)
* 18+ years of age
* No uncontrolled hypertension, cardiac illness, psychiatric condition
* No contraindication to exercise as determined by a fitness test

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant.
* Unwilling to accept randomization.
* Any medical condition that would be a contraindication to exercise. The clinicians will make this decision.
* Unwilling to travel to/participate in the exercise program as defined by the protocol.
* Previous chemotherapy (previous cancer is NOT an exclusion criteria).
* Cancer recurrence.
* Planned/known absence of greater than 2 weeks during the intended study period.
* Previous therapy for known breast cancer.
* Those who have had TRAM (i.e., Transabdominal Rectus Abdominus Muscle Reconstructive Surgery) done.
* Moderate lymphedema (\>20% or \>200mL difference between the affected arm and the unaffected arm).
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* LVEF less than or equal to 35%
* New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II, III, or IV CHF diagnosis in the 3 months prior to study entry, with a minimum of 6 weeks of treatment
* Must be on optimal heart failure therapy according to American Heart Association (AHA), American College of Cardiology (ACC), and Heart Failure Society of America (HFSA) heart failure guidelines, including treatment with angiotensin II converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) and beta-blocker therapy, or have documentation justifying why optimal therapy is not being used, including intolerance, contraindication, participant preference, or physician's judgment
* Must be on stable doses of medications (e.g., beta-blocker, ACEI, and additional medications as listed in the study guidelines) for 6 weeks prior to study entry
* Must be in stable medical condition and able to begin an exercise program, as determined by study physician

Exclusion Criteria:

* Comorbid disease, behavioral limitations, or other limitations that would interfere with exercise training, or would prevent completion of 1 year of exercise training
* Pregnant or planning to become pregnant in the year following study entry
* Major heart event or heart procedure within the 6 weeks prior to study entry
* Heart procedure or hospitalization for any reason planned in the future
* Expecting to receive a heart transplant in the 6 months following study entry
* CHF caused by significant uncorrected primary valvular disease (except mitral regurgitation secondary to left ventricular dysfunction); if valve replacement has been performed, may not participate for 12 months following the procedure
* CHF caused by congenital heart disease or obstructive cardiomyopathy
* Performance of exercise training at regular intervals (more than once per week) at a moderate to vigorous intensity at any time in the 6 weeks prior to study entry
* Exercise testing results that would prevent safe exercise training, as defined by the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation (AACVPR) guidelines, including abnormal blood pressure response, early ischemic changes, and unexpected life-threatening arrhythmia
* Use of fixed-rate pacemakers, pacemakers with inability to attain target heart rates, or automatic implantable cardioverter defibrillator (AICD) devices with heart rate limits set below the target heart rate for exercise training
* Use of an intracardiac device such as an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) or a cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker in the 6 months prior to study entry (must demonstrate stability for 6 weeks post-procedure)
* Primary physician considers placement of an intracardiac device such as an ICD or a cardiac resynchronization therapy pacemaker probable within 6 months of study entry; will be excluded until such device has been placed and 6 weeks of stabilization have passed
* Participation in another clinical trial that may interfere with study participation, follow-up, or data collection, or that may affect cardiovascular morbidity or mortality

Answer: D