Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized Controlled Trial of Group Psychotherapy Interventions for Cancer Patients
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to compare two types of group counseling for cancer patients: Meaning-Centered counseling and Supportive counseling. Many cancer patients seek counseling to help with the emotional burden of their illnesses. Counseling often helps them cope with cancer by giving them a place to express their feelings. "Meaning-Centered" group counseling is intended to teach cancer patients how to maintain or even increase a sense of meaning and purpose in their lives, despite cancer. "Supportive" group counseling is intended to help you cope with cancer by giving you a place to express your feelings and get support from other cancer patients. The purpose of this study is to compare the benefits of these two types of counseling approaches for cancer patients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 and older
* diagnosed with breast cancer, lung cancer, or gastro-intestinal cancer

Exclusion Criteria:

* Under 18
* past cancer(s)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* The patient must be at least 18 years of age (because of the nature of "Dignity Psychotherapy," which presumes a relatively advanced level of social and psychological development).
* Have a terminal illness (Stage IV with a prognosis of less than 6 months, but expected to live at least 7 to 10 days, i.e. the average length of the protocol)
* Must be able to identify a family member/significant other who agrees to participate in the study (in the case of "Dignity Psychotherapy," this family member/significant other will receive the generativity document)
* Be able to communicate with an English-speaking therapist (patients who are visually impaired will be offered assistance with the consent forms and surveys)
* In the investigator's judgement, participant is cognitively able to provide valid, informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Significant psychiatric disturbance sufficient to preclude participation in a psychotherapeutic intervention (e.g. acute, severe psychiatric symptoms which would require individual treatment and medication management rather than a psychotherapy intervention).
* Active psychotic mental disorder (e.g. schizophrenia, acute mania), or marked paranoid ideation. Patients who are on stable regimens of psychotropic medications (e.g. antidepressants for clinical depression) or who are in concurrent individual or group psychotherapy will not be excluded. This information regarding concurrent psychiatric treatment will be collected and utilized as a co-variate in data analysis.
* Presence of a cognitive disturbance (i.e. delirium or dementia) sufficient to preclude participation in psychotherapy, and/or data collection.
* Physical limitations or illness severity sufficient to preclude participation in psychotherapy
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed with depressive or anxiety disorder due to another medical condition in the context of cancer or palliative care
* competence to consent and participate
* speak and read English
* consistent and reliable access to the internet

Exclusion Criteria:

* acute hypomanic/manic episodes
* acute psychosis
* severe alcohol or substance use disorder
* active suicidal or homicidal ideation
* received CBT in the past year or are currently receiving CBT
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* \> or = to 21 years of age.
* All patients with stage IV solid tumor cancers; or Stage III solid tumor cancers(excluding breast and prostate cancer) who are receiving ambulatory care at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.
* Able to communicate with an English speaking therapist
* Able to comprehend English to complete study assessments

Exclusion Criteria:

* Significant psychiatric disturbance sufficient, in the investigator's judgment, to preclude participation in a group-format intervention (i.e., acute psychiatric symptoms which require individual treatment).
* Presence of cognitive impairment disorder (i.e., delirium or dementia) sufficient, in the investigator's judgment, to preclude meaningful informed consent and/or data collection. The Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) will be used as a cognitive screening tool. Patients with MMSE scores below 20 will be excluded.
* Karnofsky Performance Rating Scale score below 50 or physical limitations or illness severity sufficient to preclude participation in outpatient group psychotherapy.

Answer: D