Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Preoperative Dexamethasone Reduces Postoperative Pain, Nausea and Vomiting Following Mastectomy for Breast Cancer.
Brief Summary: Postoperative pain, nausea and vomiting (PONV) are the most common complications after anesthesia and surgery. Women undergoing mastectomy with axillary dissection are at a particularly high risk for the development of PONV and an incidence of 60-80% in patients receiving no antiemetic has been reported. Emetic episodes predispose to aspiration of gastric contents, wound dehiscence, psychological distress, and delayed recovery and discharge times. These justify the use of prophylactic antiemetics in women scheduled for mastectomy. Most of the currently used antiemetics, including antihistamines, butyrophenones and dopamine receptor antagonists have been reported to cause occasional undesirable adverse effects, such as excessive sedation, hypotension, dry mouth, dysphoria, hallucinations and extrapyramidal signs. Antiserotonins (e.g., ondansetron) are available for the prevention and treatment of PONV in patients undergoing various types of surgery \[4\]. However, the use of prophylactic antiemetic therapy with antiserotonins has been criticized for being too expensive.

Dexamethasone was first reported to be an effective antiemetic regimen in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dexamethasone treatment for reducing pain and PONV as well as analgesic and antiemetic requirements in women undergoing general anesthesia for mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: Low dose APD421; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: APD421 | Arm Label: Mid Dose APD421; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: APD421 | Arm Label: High Dose APD421; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: APD421 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: APD421; Assigned to Arm(s): High Dose APD421, Low dose APD421, Mid Dose APD421 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
B: Arm Label: Dexamethasone group; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: intravenous dexamethasone | Arm Label: Placebo group; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Homologated placebo. | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: intravenous dexamethasone; Assigned to Arm(s): Dexamethasone group | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Homologated placebo.; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo group
C: Arm Label: A, 1; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: A, 2; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Dexamethason Helvepharm ® | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Dexamethason Helvepharm ®; Assigned to Arm(s): A, 2 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): A, 1
D: Arm Label: Ondansetron; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Ondansetron | Arm Label: Saline; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Saline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ondansetron; Assigned to Arm(s): Ondansetron | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Saline; Assigned to Arm(s): Saline

Answer: B