Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Low Vision Depression Prevention Trial for Age Related Macular Degeneration
Brief Summary: This randomized, controlled clinical trial, the Low Vision Depression Prevention TriAL (VITAL), will test the efficacy of collaborative low vision rehabilitation (LVR) to prevent depressive disorders in Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD). In this innovative intervention, a low vision occupational therapist collaborates with a low vision optometrist to develop and implement a care plan based on a subject's vision status, rehabilitation potential, and personal rehabilitation goals. An independent rater masked to treatment assignment will assess depressive disorders meeting DSM-IV criteria (primary outcome) and targeted vision function and vision-related quality of life (secondary outcomes) at baseline and then at 4 months to evaluate short-term effects (main trial end point) and at 12 months to evaluate long-term effects.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 55 years or over
* Low vision
* Living independently in the community or in a home for older people
* Able to see large obstacles and to go outside for a short walk or doing groceries
* One of the following:

  1. experiencing difficulties with safely crossing a street
  2. experiencing difficulties with recognising acquaintances outdoors
  3. willing to become recognisable as being partially sighted by using the identification cane
* Written informed consent
* Orientation and Mobility training (O\&M-training) in the use of an identification cane

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cognitive impairment (a score of less than 4 on the Abbreviated Mental Test 4)
* Language or hearing problems that impede completing an interview by telephone
* Confinement to bed or possible nursing home admission that impede completion of the O\&M-training
* Permanent use of a walking aid incompatible with the use of an identification cane
* Having recently received an O\&M-training in the use of an identification cane and permanent use of this cane
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age at least 65 years old
* Bilateral AMD
* Subthreshold depressive symptoms
* At least 1 vision goal that is important yet difficult to carry out

Exclusion Criteria:

* Uncontrolled glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, corneal dystrophy, or cataracts for which surgery within 6 months is likely will be exclusionary conditions
* Current diagnosis of depression
* Cognitive impairment
* Life-threatening illness or any other health conditions that interferes with study activities.
* Patients who have received low vision rehabilitation or home-based OT in the preceding 12 months will be excluded.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of stroke
* Able to walk 10 metres with or without assistance
* Residual paresis in the lower limb (Fugl-Meyer Lower Limb score less than 34)
* Informed written consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Gait speed more than 0.8 m/s
* Patients with a premorbid (retrospective) modified Rankin Scale score of greater than 3
* Gait deficits attributable to non-stroke pathology
* Visual impairments preventing use of visual cue training (as assessed by Apple Cancellation test
* Concurrent progressive neurologic disorder, acute coronary syndrome, severe heart failure, confirmed or suspected lower-limb fracture preventing mobilization, and those requiring palliative care
* Inability to follow a three step command (as assessed by Modified mini-mental status exam).
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Primary eye diagnosis (in better seeing eye) of either macular degeneration, macular dystrophy, macular hole or inflammatory disease of the macula
2. Habitual visual acuity (in better seeing eye) better than 20/500 but less than 20/100

Exclusion Criteria:

1. does not have a phone
2. does not speak English
3. has previously received low vision services as part of an inpatient blind rehabilitation program
4. has participated in a low vision program that provided low vision devices to meet reading needs with low vision therapy administered by an occupational therapist or vision rehabilitation professional since most recent significant decrease in vision
5. has English literacy less than 5th grade level
6. has habitual visual acuity in better seeing eye of equal to or better than 20/100, less than or equal to 20/500
7. fails Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status (TICS) screening (score of 30 or lower)
8. has history of stroke with aphasia
9. has other health condition that would preclude follow-up (e.g. significant malignancy or life-threatening disease)
10. is unable or unwilling to attend clinic visits required for the study
11. has severe hearing impairment that interferes with participation in telephone questionnaires
12. reports significant loss of vision since last eye exam
13. has vitreous hemorrhage, serous or hemorrhagic detachment of the macula, clinically significant macular edema or cystoid macular edema that is likely to result in further loss or improvement in vision after treatment in better seeing eye
14. plans cataract extraction in the next 6 months.

Answer: B