Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Testing the Effect of Mobile Conditional Cash Transfers (mCCTs) of Different Schedules and Amounts on Routine Childhood Immunization Coverage and Timeliness in Pakistan: A Randomized Control Trial.
Brief Summary: Like many developing countries, Pakistan faces a public health challenge of low and incomplete immunization rates of children, only 54% of children aged 12 to 24 months are fully immunized, which leaves children susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is a low-cost and effective health intervention, but the uptake is low, delayed, and completion rates are poor.

Door-to-door campaigns can increase coverage, but are extremely expensive. Incentive-based approaches have been rigorously demonstrated to effectively increase take-up and completion rates of immunization, and there is substantial evidence that small incentives can have a large impact on the take up of preventative health behavior in general. There are two major constraints to scaling these findings, however.

This study will attempt to find the most effective incentive design that helps increase the coverage of full immunization rates among children between the ages of 0 - 24 months in the city of Karachi, Pakistan. The study proposes to conduct a randomized control trial involving small conditional cash transfers (mCCTs) to determine the optimal CCT amount (high versus low), schedule (flat versus increasing) and design (lottery versus sure payment) that would lead to the highest increase in immunization rates. Interactive Research and Development's digital immunization registry will be used to enrol and randomize the study participants and generate CCTs disbursed through a mobile money transfer platform and mobile top - ups . The three year study will be conducted in Karachi, Pakistan enrolling a sample of 11,200 children, 0-2 years of age.

The study aims to provide evidence regarding the most cost-effective way to structure incentives in terms of size, schedule, and design; and address the challenge of delivering small incentives in a way that is inexpensive, logistically simple, and not subject to leakage.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children between 0 - 23 months of age visiting the EPI center for BCG/OPV-0 or Pentavalent-1/Polio-1/PCV-1 or Pentavalent-2/Polio-2/PCV-2 vaccination.
* Children permanently residing within Korangi Town, Karachi and planto remain there for the next three years.
* Caregiver accompanying the child can provide a valid mobile phone number at the time of enrolment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children visiting the EPI center for Pentavalent-2 or Measles-1 or Measles 2
* Children born out of multiple births i.e twins or triplets
* Children not residing or planning to move out of Korangi in the next three years
* Children accompanied by caregivers unable to provide a phone number
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Parents of adolescents aged 10 - 17 who have had at least 1 dose of HPV
* Patients aged 18 - 21 who have had at least 1 dose of HPV

Exclusion Criteria:
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant Oregon WIC participants in Jackson, Washington and Hood River counties or Umatilla Morrow Head Start.

Exclusion Criteria:

* WIC participant outside of the 4 study agencies.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Child presenting for pentavalent 1- vaccine
* Caregivers who owned a cellphone or had access to one
* Caregivers permanently residing in Korangi Town, Karachi

Exclusion Criteria:

* Child presenting for a vaccine other than pentavalent -1
* Caregivers not having access to a cell phone
* Caregivers residing outside of Korangi or planning to move from the catchment area

Answer: A