Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: Randomized study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of nafamostat mesilate use during continuous renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury patients at a high risk of bleeding.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Acute renal failure clinically consistent with a diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis
* Plan for renal replacement therapy by clinical team
* Receiving care in a critical care unit
* One non-renal organ failure or sepsis
* Age 18 or older
* Patient or surrogate provides informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Baseline serum creatinine \> 2 mg/dL (177 mol/L) in males, \> 1.5 mg/dL (133 mol/L) in females
* Acute renal failure clinically believed to be due to an etiology other than acute tubular necrosis
* More than 72 hours since meeting both of the following conditions:

  1. Fulfillment of the definition of ARF; and
  2. BUN \> 100 mg/dL (36 mmol/L)
* More than 1 hemodialysis treatment or more than 24 hours since starting continuous renal replacement therapy
* Prior kidney transplant
* Pregnancy
* Prisoner
* Weight \> 128.5 kg
* Non-candidacy for renal replacement therapy
* Moribund state
* Patient not expected to survive 28 days because of underlying terminal chronic medical condition
* Comfort-measures-only status
* Participation in a concurrent interventional study
* Patient/surrogate refusal
* Physician refusal
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients who were admitted to the intensive care unit and required CRRT

  1. active bleeding such as gastrointestinal bleeding and intracranial hemorrhage,
  2. activated partial thromboplastin time \> 60 s,
  3. prothrombin time-international normalized ratio \> 2.0,
  4. thrombocytopenia (\<100,000/µL), and
  5. surgery within 48 h before CRRT.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant or possibly pregnant women
* Patients who were allergic to nafamostat mesilate
* Patients who were hypercoagulable
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Need for hemodialysis in the ICU for at least one treatment
* No prior hemodialysis treatment in the ICU except continuous renal replacement therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

* Need for systemic anticoagulation with unfractionated or fractionated heparin, oral anticoagulants or intravenous anti-aggregants for other reasons
* Need for continued thrombolysis therapy within the 6 hours before inclusion
* Need for continued treatment with activated protein C (drotrecogin alfa) within the 12 hours before inclusion
* Need for continued treatment with intravenous anti-aggregants (abciximab, eptifabide) within 12 hours before inclusion
* Liver failure (acute and acute-on-chronic)
* Confirmed or suspected Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
* Heparin allergies
* Severe uncorrected hypocalcemia (ionized calcium \< 0,8 mmol/l)
* Refusal of informed consent
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients admitted on the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) requiring continuous venovenous hemofiltration.
* No high bleeding risk. A high bleeding risk is defined as a platelet count below 40 x 10\^9/L or APTT of more than 60 seconds or a PT-INR of more than 2.0 or a recent major bleeding or significant active bleeding i.e. requirement for more than two units of packed red blood cells as a transfusion within 24 hours of initiation of CVVH.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Less than 18 or over 80 years of age.
* Patients administered heparin or coumarins for other reasons will also be excluded.
* Patients with a HIT in known history will also be excluded.

Answer: B