Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Physical Activity and Academic Achievement Across the Curriculum (A+PAAC)
Brief Summary: There is currently considerable interest in both improving academic achievement (No Child Left Behind) and reducing the rates of obesity and its associated negative health consequences in elementary school students. Increased physical activity (PA) offers a potential intervention to address both issues. Evidence is available which suggests an association of PA with both academic achievement and obesity, and an association between obesity and academic achievement.

To provide increased PA while maintaining academic instruction time, we developed a program we call "Physical Activity Across the Curriculum" (PAAC) in which regular classroom teachers were trained to deliver academic lessons using moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for 20 minutes/d, 5 days/wk. This study is looking to compare academic achievement between students in elementary schools that participate in academic lessons taught through MVPA (PAAC) to students that do not (CON).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Grade 2 or 3 Student at one of the randomly selected elementary schools
* Students that agree to complete assessments
* Signed parental consent form
* Signed child assent form

Exclusion Criteria:

* Students that do not agree to complete assessments
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children enrolled in participating schools; entering kindergarten the year after recruitment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children not entering kindergarten within one year of recruitment.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* full-term infant(\> 37 0/7 weeks gestational age)discharged from hospital without significant morbidity
* singleton infant
* nursery/NICU/maternity stay of 7 days or less
* primiparous mother
* English speaking mother

Exclusion Criteria:

* presence of a congenital anomaly or neonatal condition that significantly affects a newborn's feeding (e.g. cleft lip, cleft palate, metabolic disease
* any major maternal morbidities and/or pre-existing condition that would affect postpartum care such as cancer, multiple sclerosis, lupus, etc.
* maternal age \<=20 years
* prenatal ultrasound presence of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR)
* infant birth weight \<2500 grams plan for newborn to be adopted
* plan to move from Central Pennsylvania within 3 years
* inability to complete contact form with name, address, phone numbers, etc.
* Practicing pediatrician or pediatric resident
D: Inclusion Criteria:

MATERNAL - Self-described as Mexican American, pre-pregnant BMI of 25 or greater, speaks English or Spanish, is between the ages of 18 and 40, lives in a home where she can receive home visitors, has no diagnosed chronic diseases that can affect the growth of a fetus (cardiac, respiratory, etc.), have a telephone contact, and is not intending to move from the area. Gestational diabetes will be noted but is not an exclusion criterion; however, Type 1 diabetics will be excluded. Exposure to tobacco smoke (either maternal or household smoking) will be noted as it is associated with infant obesity, but will not be an inclusion or exclusion criteria.

INFANT - We will enroll the full-term singleton infants of enrolled mothers. The infants will be enrolled if they are \> 38 weeks gestation, have a birth weight \> 2500 gm, and are without endocrine/chromosomal/genetic abnormality that could interfere with growth.

Exclusion Criteria:

MATERNAL - Not enrolled in WIC clinic or does not plan to continue with WIC clinic after delivery, high-risk pregnancy, hospitalized after discharge of infant, separated from infant, or experiencing significant postpartum complications. If these criteria develop in an enrolled mother, she will remain in the study per CONSORT guidelines, but her infant will not be followed for study outcomes. We have sufficient power with our sample size to allow for these events.

INFANT - Not discharged home with the mother or who are otherwise separated from their mothers or who has a severe illness that can affect growth. CONSORT guidelines will apply in these cases as well as in maternal cases.

Answer: A