Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Secondary Prevention of Asthma in Overweight/Obese Children by a Combined Dietary-behavioural-physical Activity Intervention
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a multifactorial intervention with weight reduction, behavioural therapy, and physical exercise on the severity and control of asthma in obese children.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Adolescents must: 1) be between the ages of 12 and 18 years (18 year olds must still be in high school and living at home); 2) be at or above the 85th percentile with reference to age and gender-specific Body Mass Index (BMI); 3) have at least one parent available to participate in the treatment protocol; 4) speak English; 5) agree to study participation and random assignment; and 6) be available for follow-up. In order to meet the depressed mood criterion, adolescents must have a primary diagnosis of major depressive disorder (single or recurrent), based on the KSADS-PL with a CGI-Severity ≥ 3 for depression and CDRS ≥ 36. Participants must be healthy, as established by their primary care physician, in order to participate in the exercise program -

Exclusion Criteria:

Adolescents will be excluded if: 1) they are currently receiving psychotherapy or participating in another weight loss program (only can have been in a weight loss program in the past); 2) they have a medical condition that would interfere with the prescribed dietary plan or participation in physical activity; 3) they are developmentally delayed such that the intervention materials will not be appropriate; 4) they are actively suicidal at intake; 5) they have not been on a stable dose of a psychostimulant for 6 months to ensure that a recently prescribed psychostimulant is not contributing to weight loss; 6) teens on an SSRI will not be allowed to participate due to potential effects of medication on weight loss; 7) they have a substance abuse or dependence diagnosis; or 8) they have failed a medication or psychotherapy trial for depression in the past.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adolescents aged 12 to 19
* With a diagnosis of type 1 or type 2 DM
* Score on Physical Activity Recall (PAR) Scale of 36 metabolic equivalents (METs) or less to ensure enrollment of youths who are not already engaged in a regular exercise or sports program
* Have a parent (guardian) who also agrees to attend personalized exercise program (PEP) training, participate in exercising and provide ongoing encouragement and support for PEP, and who does not have any positive responses to the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q). The decision to use a value for METs \< 36 is based upon current PAR data from the PI's R01 that revealed a mean score of 34.7 ± 3.1 for teens with type 1 DM and 33.5 ± 1.4 for teens with type 2 DM. Mean scores for both groups reflect activity levels that are well below the current recommendation of 60 minutes of moderate to vigorous exercise on most days of the week.

Exclusion criteria:

Subjects will be excluded if they:

* Are in a school grade that is not appropriate to age within 2 years (this is to control for overt delays in cognition, literacy, and psychological or behavioral functioning)
* Have developed diabetes as a secondary condition to treatment for another chronic condition (i.e., cancer)
* Have known cardiac defects
* Are pregnant females.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adolescents 13-16 years old
* 20-90% overweight with reference gender and age
* At least 1 parent who can participate
* English speaking
* Agree to study participation and random assignment
* Be available for long-term follow-up

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current involvement in another weight loss program
* Unable to adhere to prescribed dietary plan and physical activity due to medical condition
* Unable to understand intervention materials
* In treatment for or diagnosed with psychiatric disorder
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children aged 6-16 years
* BMI in the overweight/obesity range according to data of Cole et al.
* Asthma diagnosis

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children with a normal weight according to data of Cole et al.
* Children without any provable asthmatic complaints
* Congenital malformations of the airways or other chronic lung diseases like cystic fibrosis (CF)
* Mental retardation or syndromes
* Heart disease

Answer: D