Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Exercise, Physical Function, and Parkinson's Disease
Brief Summary: This randomized, controlled exercise intervention with three groups compares two exercise approaches to standard of care. Supervised interventions are administered for four months, with emphasis on patients adopting exercise habits to continue to exercise for an additional 12 months. Functional outcomes are measured at the completion of the supervised exercise (4 months) as well as 10 and 16 months.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with idiopathic PD, diagnosed according to the Brain Bank criteria of the UK Parkinson's Disease Society
* Living independently in the community
* Able to complete the trial questionnaires.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Atypical parkinsonian syndromes
* Hoehn \& Yahr stage 5
* Severe cognitive impairment
* Presence of major psychiatric disorders
* Severe co-morbidity (e.g. cancer) that interferes with daily functioning.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Idiopathic PD
* Hoehn and Yahr stage I-III
* Between 40 and 75 years old
* Not meeting the norm for healthy physical activity: the latter being defined according to international standards as either five days a week 30 minutes of moderate-intensity physical activity, or 3 days a week 20 minutes of vigorous-intensity physical activity

Exclusion Criteria:

* Wheel chair bounded
* Severe co-morbidity (e.g. orthopaedic disorders or chronic hart failure)
* Severe cognitive decline, defined as Mini Mental State Examination \< 24
C: Inclusion Criteria:

Patients who have:

* A diagnosis of idiopathic PD, with a disease severity rating of stage I to IV on the Hoehn and Yahr scale (Hoehn \& Yahr, 1967)
* At least 1 score of 2 or more for at least 1 limb for either the tremor, rigidity, or bradykinesia item of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)
* Stable medication usage
* Not participated in a structured exercise program (i.e., not involved in any routine, organized physical activity program lasting 30 minutes or more per day, such as a gym program or regularly scheduled instructor-led exercise class) in the previous 2 months
* Ability to stand unaided or walk independently; had a personal physician's or neurologist's clearance for participation; and had a willingness to be assigned to intervention conditions.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients who:

* Participate in any other behavioral or pharmacological research study
* Have cognitive decline (Mini-Mental State Examination score, ≤ 24) (Folstein et al., 1975)
* Have self-reported diagnosis of Alzheimer disease or other severe neurological (stage III and IV PD)
* Have evidence of progressive or debilitating conditions (metastatic cancer, severe heart or lung disease, crippling arthritis) or severe losses in vision and hearing that would limit their tolerance to testing and training procedures, that would interfere with study participation
* Are unavailable during the study period.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinical diagnosis of Parkinson's Disease
* Hoehn \& Yahr stages 1-3.5

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cardiovascular contraindications to aerobic exercise
* Reliance on walker or wheelchair
* Psychiatric conditions
* DBS or other surgeries
* Any other conditions that would interfere with exercise

Answer: D