Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Real-Time Support for Exercise Persistence in COPD
Brief Summary: The purpose of this exploratory study is to determine the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of an exercise persistence intervention for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) following pulmonary rehabilitation (PR).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Moderate to severe COPD (FEV1/FVC \<70% and FEV1%\<80%)
* Ability to speak, read and write English
* Age 40 or older
* Willingness to complete a 6 month program

Exclusion Criteria:

* Illnesses such as bronchiectasis, active malignancies or other end stage diseases
* Plans to continue in a maintenance program after rehabilitation.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* COPD Patients willing and able to sign informed consent for use of their pseudonymized clinical data within the scope of the present interventional trial
* COPD patients who have completed an in-hospital pulmonary rehabilitation program with an average duration of 2-3 weeks.
* Diagnosis of COPD, defined as forced expiratory volume in 1s/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) \<70% predicted, FEV1\<80 % predicted after bronchodilation, with or without chronic symptoms (cough, sputum production) corresponding to a GOLD stage II-IV
* Completion of the screening period and fulfilling of the randomization criteria as defined by the protocol
* Ability to use a smartphone and smartphone-apps
* Willingness to wear an activity tracker during study period of 6 months
* Patients ≥40 years of age.
* Knowledge of German language to understand study material, assessments and contents of the COPD-App

Exclusion Criteria:

* The Patient is not able to conduct the exercise training program due to physical, cognitive or safety reasons, as judged by investigator; e.g., lower limb joint surgery within preceding 3 months, unstable cardiac disease, predominant neurological limitations, planned surgical or other interventions disturbing the study intervention.
* Significant psychiatric disorders, legal incapacity or limited legal capacity.
* Patients participation in another clinical trial with an investigational medication within 30 days prior to study entry.
* Patients already using the KAIA COPD App
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. COPD defined as FEV1 (Forced expiratory volume in 1 second)/FVC (Forced vital capacity) \<0.70 or chest CT evidence of emphysema
2. Age \> 40 years
3. Any severity of COPD as defined by GOLD (Global Obstructive Lung Disease) stages 1, 2,3, or 4
4. Completion of standard pulmonary rehabilitation of at least 8 weeks duration within 24 weeks prior to study entry\* \*Defined as attending 65% of the program's sessions with a minimum of 10 sessions

Exclusion Criteria:

1. COPD exacerbation requiring steroids, antibiotics, ED visit or hospitalization within the past 2 weeks unless physician deems subject at baseline
2. Hypoxemia on walk test (O2 sat \< 85% on oxygen)
3. Inability to ambulate due to vascular or other neuromuscular conditions that would preclude a walk test
4. Clinical signs of unstable cardiovascular disease (ie. chest pain on walk test)
5. Severe cognitive dysfunction (documented Mini-Mental Status Exam ≤ 24)
6. Non-English speaking
7. Current regular practice of tai chi
8. Current diagnosis of lung cancer or treated for lung cancer within the past 5 years
9. Unstable/untreated mental health issue that precludes informed consent or otherwise affects ability to participate in the intervention
D: Inclusion Criteria:

To be eligible for inclusion in this study Patients fulfil all of the following criteria:

1. Written informed consent obtained before any assessment is performed.
2. Male and female patients ≥ 40 years of age
3. Diagnosis of COPD \[post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1) \<80% predicted and FEV1/ forced vital capacity (FVC) \<75% without significant post-bronchodilator reversibility (\<10% FEV1 % predicted normal)\]
4. Optimal medical treatment according to GOLD without regular use of systemic corticosteroids
5. Current or ex-smokers with a smoking history equivalent to at least 10 pack years (1 pack year = 20 cigarettes smoked per day for 1 year)
6. Absence of other significant diseases that could contribute to exercise limitation
7. At least 2 COPD exacerbations the year before the time entry

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients fulfilling any of the following criteria are not eligible for inclusion in this study. No additional exclusions are applied by the investigator, in order to ensure that the study population will be representative of all eligible patients.

1. Orthopedic, neurological or other complaints that significantly impair normal biomechanical movement patterns, as judged by the investigator. Specifically if the patients' condition/ co-morbidities are such that physical activity cannot be increased.
2. Respiratory diseases other than COPD (e.g. asthma)
3. Cognitive reading impairment and/or difficulties to manage electronic devices precluding interaction with the tablet, as judged by the investigator
4. Patients not on optimal pharmacotherapy
5. No COPD exacerbations the year before the time entry

Answer: A