Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Perioperative Administration of Pregabalin for Pain After Robot-assisted Endoscopic Thyroidectomy
Brief Summary: The investigators hypothesize that pregabalin will decrease post-operative pain scores and analgesic use following robot-assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy compared to placebo. The primary outcome will be acute postoperative pain, measured by a verbal numerical rating score (VNRS) and total analgesic consumption during postoperative 48 hours. The secondary outcome will be the incidence of chronic pain and hypoesthesia in the anterior chest at 3 months after operation.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. American Society of Anesthesia physical status class I \& II
2. Age ≥ 20 and ≤ 65 years
3. Robot- assisted endoscopic thyroidectomy

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Known or suspected allergy, sensitivity, or contraindication to pregabalin or any of the standardized medications
2. Body mass index ≥ 40 kg/m2
3. History of seizure disorder
4. Current therapy with pregabalin, gabapentin, or any opioid
5. Any other physical or psychiatric condition which may impair their ability to cooperate with post-operative study data collection
6. Insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
7. Renal insufficiency (estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 60 mL/min/1.73 m2)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age \>18, Visual Analog. Scale (VAS) pain score \>70mm which was frequent or continuous one week before scheduled major (above or below knee) amputation, and patient consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* No written patient consent
* Age \< 18 years
* Age \> 82 years
* Antiplatelet medication
* Mental status not acceptable
* Exclusion criteria were age \>85
* Emergency amputation
* Ipsilateral re-amputation
* Foot or toe amputation
* Inability to complete a detailed pain questionnaire
* History of chronic pain or substance abuse
* Active psychiatric disease requiring treatment
* Any contraindication to epidural catheter placement (anticoagulation, anti-platelet medications, previous lumbar spine surgery).
C: Inclusion criteria:

* Age 45-75 years
* Undergoing thoracotomy (lobectomy, segmentectomy, wedge resection)

Exclusion criteria:

* Undergoing chest wall resection, gastroesophageal surgery
* Enrolled in another post-thoracotomy analgesic research protocol
* Pre-existing pain syndrome
* Current gabapentin or pregabalin therapy
* Inability to understand the study protocol
* Coagulopathy
* Current use of anticoagulants
* Allergy to medications on protocol
* Creatinine \>1.3
* Moderate or severe aortic stenosis
* Severe psychological disorders
* Bacteremia, osteomyelitis, or infection at site of thoracic epidural placement
* History of previous thoracotomy
* Patient declines preoperative epidural catheter placement
* Prisoners or other institutionalized individuals
* Severe hepatic, renal or cardiovascular disorders
* Women who can become pregnant
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult patients (≥ 18 years) with primary or recurrent single or double sided symptomatic but not incarcerated inguinal hernias with an elective hernia repair are included.
* No other interventions (i.e. umbilical hernia) are allowed.
* Written informed consent needs to be obtained.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with legal incompetence,
* Pregnant and nursing women,
* Patients with presence or history of active malignancy or systemic diseases,
* Under immunosuppressive treatment,
* With systemic or severe local inflammation or infection,
* With wound healing disorders and with physical or mental incapacity, which makes it impossible to obtain informed consent are excluded.
* As pacemakers interfere with the electrical stimulation of the Pain Matcher® and vice versa patients with pacemakers or other implanted electrical devices were also excluded.

Answer: A