Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Multicenter Study Comparing the Results of Allogeneic Stem Cell Genoidentical in Children With Sickle Cell Anemia and Cerebral Vascular Disease Detected by Transcranial Doppler
Brief Summary: The aim of this study is to demonstrate that cerebral velocities assessed by transcranial doppler (TCD) are more significantly decreased by SCT than by long-term transfusion program A multicenter, national, non-randomized, prospective study of paired cohort will be conducted, with 2 groups of exposed (SCT) and non-exposed (TP) patients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Sickle cell anemia patients (SS/Sb0)
* \< 15 years old
* History of abnormal transcranial doppler (TCD) (≥ 200 cm/sec)
* Siblings from the same parental couple
* Parents amenable to Human Leucocyte Antigen (HLA) typing, SCT if an HLA-identical sibling is available or to long-term transfusion program

Exclusion Criteria:

* Sickle cell patients older than 15 years
* no history of abnormal transcranial doppler (TCD) (≥ 200 cm/sec)
* no sibling from the same parental couple
* parents averse to HLA typing, SCT if an HLA-identical sibling is available or to long-term transfusion program
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Pediatric subjects with severe forms of sickle cell anemia (HbSS, HbSβ0 thalassemia, HbSD, HbSOArab)
2. Age: ≥ 2 and \< 11 years of age, at the time of enrollment
3. Conditional TCD Velocity (170 - 199cm/sec) by Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography examination within 3 months of enrollment
4. Parent or guardian willing and able to provide informed consent
5. Ability to comply with study related treatments, evaluations, and follow-up

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior abnormal TCD Velocity
2. History of clinical stroke
3. Inability to take or tolerate daily oral hydroxyurea, including

   * Known allergy to hydroxyurea therapy
   * Known positive serology to HIV infection
   * Known malignancy
   * Current lactation
4. Abnormal laboratory values at initial evaluation (temporary exclusions):

   * Hemoglobin concentration \< 6.0 gm/dL
   * Absolute reticulocyte count \< 100 x 10\^9/L with a hemoglobin concentration \< 8.0 gm/dL
   * WBC count \< 3.0 x 10\^9/L
   * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \< 1.0 x 10\^9/L
   * Platelet count \< 100 x 10\^9/L
5. Current use of therapeutic agents for sickle cell disease (e.g., hydroxyurea, arginine, decitabine, magnesium, chronic transfusions). Subjects must be off therapeutic agents for sickle cell disease for at least 3 months prior to enrollment.
6. Current participation in other therapeutic clinical trials
7. Serum creatinine more than twice the upper limit for age OR ≥ 1.0 mg/dL
8. Any condition or chronic illness, which in the opinion of the clinical investigator makes participation ill-advised
9. Pregnancy (for post-menarchal females only)
10. Erythrocyte transfusion within the past 2 months
11. Previous stem cell transplant or other myelosuppressive therapy
C: Pediatric patients, ages 24 months to 16 years, with sickle cell anemia or S-beta zero thalassemia.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Pediatric participants with a severe form of sickle cell anemia (HbSS, HbSβ0 thalassemia, HbSD, HbSOArab)
2. Age: ≥ 2 and ≤ 17 years of age, at the time of enrollment
3. Time-averaged maximum velocity (TAMV) TCD Velocity in the conditional (170 - 199 cm/sec) or abnormal (≥200 cm/sec) range by Transcranial Doppler ultrasonography examination within 6 months of enrollment, abnormal or conditional TCD velocity and currently on commercial hydroxyurea for primary stroke prevention, or previously enrolled in SCATE, a previous stroke with abnormal or conditional TCD prior to stroke event.
4. Parent or guardian willing and able to provide informed consent and child gives assent
5. Ability to comply with study related treatments, evaluations, and follow- up visits

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Inability to take or tolerate daily oral hydroxyurea, including

   * Known allergy to hydroxyurea therapy
   * Known positive serology to HIV infection
   * Known malignancy
   * Current lactation
2. Abnormal historical laboratory values (most recent pre-enrollment values unless previously enrolled in SCATE):

   * Hemoglobin concentration \< 6.0 gm/dL
   * Absolute reticulocyte count \< 100 x 109/L with a hemoglobin concentration \< 8.0 gm/dL
   * White Blood Cell (WBC) count \< 3.0 x 109/L
   * Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) \< 1.0 x 109/L
   * Platelet count \< 100 x 109/L
3. Use of therapeutic agents for sickle cell disease (e.g., hydroxyurea, arginine, decitabine, magnesium, chronic transfusions) within 3 months of enrollment unless they have an abnormal TCD velocity and receive commercial hydroxyurea for primary stroke prevention or were previously enrolled in the SCATE study or for secondary stroke prevention in a child with a previous stroke.
4. Current participation in other therapeutic clinical trials, except SCATE
5. Known serum creatinine more than twice the upper limit for age AND

   * 1.0 mg/dL
6. Any condition or chronic illness, which in the opinion of the clinical investigator makes participation ill-advised
7. Pregnancy (for post-menarchal females only)
8. Erythrocyte transfusion within the past 2 months
9. Previous stem cell transplant or other myelosuppressive therapy (unless they have an abnormal TCD velocity and receive commercial hydroxyurea for primary stroke prevention or for secondary stroke prevention in a child with a previous stroke or were previously enrolled in SCATE)

Answer: A