Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Double Blind Randomized Placebo Controlled Study, for Smoking Cessation in Preadmission Clinic. the Use of a Teachable Moment
Brief Summary: This study is a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial which evaluates the efficacy of preoperative smoking counseling and varenicline (a medication approved by Health Canada and FDA for quitting smoking) to provide long term smoking cessation (i.e., abstinence for at least one year) in surgical patients.

The primary hypothesis is as follows: "A significant percentage of surgical patients will be receptive to smoking cessation interventions in the pre-admission clinic and will refrain from smoking at 24 and 52 weeks after starting the treatment." The secondary hypothesis is as follows: "Patients who receive interventions but do not quit smoking will have reduced number of cigarettes consumed/day or improved their readiness to quit smoking at 24 and 52 weeks after starting the treatment."


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age: 18-65 years old
2. Smoking: \>/= 5 cigarettes per day within the 2 months preceding the screening visit and expired CO greater than or equal to 6 ppm.
3. Able to follow verbal and written instructions in English and complete all aspects of the study
4. Have an address and home telephone number where they may be reached
5. Provide informed consent and agree to all assessments and study procedures
6. Be the only participant in their household

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Within the month immediately preceding the screening visit; use of any form of tobacco product other than cigarettes on 3 or more days within a week only if the individual refuses to refrain from non-cigarette tobacco use during the course of this study
2. Within the month immediately preceding the screening visit; use of marijuana in any form on 3 or more days within a week
3. Within the two weeks immediately preceding the screening visit, involvement on more than 3 days in any formal smoking cessation activities
4. Current visual or auditory problems that in the opinion of the investigator would interfere with the completion of study assessments
5. Treatment on a continuous basis within 2 weeks before the screening visit: any contraindicated medication for Varenicline or Bupropion.
6. Uncontrolled hypertension or other major contraindications for Bupropion or Varenicline.
7. Severe renal impairment (CR Clearance \<30 ml/min/1.73 m2).
8. Laboratory evaluations outside normal limits and of potential clinical significance in the opinion of the investigator
9. Meet current criteria for psychiatric disorders or substance abuse as assessed by the MINI for items A, B, D, I, J, K, L, M and N, including a past manic or hypomanic episode as well as a lifetime psychotic disorder.
10. Subject rated as moderate to high on suicidality as assessed by the MINI.
11. Psychiatric hospitalization within 1 year of screening date.
12. A positive urine pregnancy test during the screening period. Women who are two years post menopausal, one year post-tubal ligation, or who have had a partial or full hysterectomy will not be subject to a urine pregnancy test.
13. Pregnant, breast-feeding, or of childbearing potential who is not protected by a medically acceptable, effective method of birth control while enrolled in the study
14. Use of Varenicline or Bupropion within two weeks before the screening visit.
15. History of hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to Varenicline, tricyclic antidepressant, Bupropion (Wellbutrin, Zyban) or similar chemical classes or any component of these formulations.
16. Subject considered by the investigator as unsuitable candidate for receipt of an investigational drug, or unstable to be followed up throughout the entire duration of the study.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Males and females of descent between the ages of 18-65 who smokes at least 10 cigarettes/day and are seeking smoking cessation treatment.
2. Based on the medical history, physical and laboratory examination, premenopausal female subjects must consent to practice an effective form of contraception during study.
3. Following orientation by the research staff, subjects must sign written informed consent for all study procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Women who are pregnant, planning a pregnancy, or lactating.
2. Current medical problems for which TN is contraindicated including allergy to nicotine, uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina, serious arrhythmia, heart attack or stroke within the past 6 months, liver and/or kidney failure in the last 6-months and current diabetes.
3. Current treatment of cancer or diagnosed with cancer in the past 6 months
4. Current DSM IV substance use disorders (dependence involving alcohol, cocaine, marijuana or stimulants, benzodiazepines).
5. Current use of TN or other forms of NRT.
6. Concomitant medications (e.g., monoamine oxidase inhibitors or benzodiazepines within past 14 days, antipsychotics, endogenous steroids, and antidepressants (including wellbutrin or bupropion).
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Smoke at least 10 cigarettes per day for the previous 6 months - Expired CO \> 9 ppm - Motivated to quit smoking - Able to read and write English - Willing to complete required study assessments, Aurora participating clinic patient

Exclusion Criteria:

* Uncontrolled hypertension (systolic \>180mm Hg or diastolic \>110mm Hg) - History of bipolar disorder or psychosis - Myocardial infarction or other serious cardiac problem in the previous 4 weeks - History of diagnosed anorexia and/or bulimia - Diagnosis of Alcohol Dependence in the previous 6 months by participant self-report or drinking 6 or more drinks on six or more days a week - History of seizure and/or serious head injury involving loss of consciousness - Use of contraindicated medications (MAO inhibitors, bupropion, lithium, anticonvulsants, antipsychotics) - Currently pregnant or breast-feeding - Unwilling to use effective contraception during the treatment phase - More than one participant from the same household - Allergic reactions to 3 or more classes of drugs
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients who are assessed in pre-admission clinic and scheduled for elective surgical procedures within the next 8 to 30 days
* patients should be over 18 yrs of age
* patients should have smoked an average 10 cigarettes/day or more during the previous year and had no period of smoking abstinence longer than 3 months in the past year

Exclusion Criteria:

* current pregnancy (or willingness to be pregnant within the next year after the start of the medication)
* current breastfeeding
* major depression, panic disorder, psychosis, or bipolar disorder within the prior year
* use of nicotine replacement or bupropion within the previous 3 months cardiovascular disease within the past 6 months
* a serious or unstable disease within the past 6 months
* drug or alcohol abuse or dependence within the past year
* use of tobacco products other than cigarettes or marijuana use within the previous month
* participating in any other studies
* patients who cannot understand English or have any form of cognitive impairment

Answer: D