Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effectiveness of a Program of Rehabilitative Exercise and Education to Avert Vascular Events After Non-disabling Stroke: A Multi-site RCT
Brief Summary: The objective of the Program of Rehabilitative Exercise and Education to avert Vascular Events after Non-disabling stroke and Transient ischemic attack (PREVENT) Trial is to determine whether the timely delivery of secondary stroke prevention strategies will reduce modifiable vascular risk factors in two groups of people who have survived NDS or TIA. One group will receive a comprehensive education and exercise program (PREVENT); the other group will receive usual care (USUAL CARE). We will measure modifiable vascular risk factors in both groups. We will also compare the effects of PREVENT vs USUAL CARE on exercise capacity, walking endurance, and daily physical activity. In addition, we will compare thinking ability, depression, achievement of personal goals for healthy behavior, and health-related goal attainment and health-related quality of life. Finally, we will compare outcomes in urban and rural settings as well as costs of the PREVENT program and USUAL CARE in order to assess sustainability of the PREVENT program.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Family caregivers of older adults from the Special Care Unit - stroke (SCU-Stroke) at the moment of discharge;
* Older adults with diagnosis of stroke with the first sequel identified by minimum score of 2 points from the ranking scale;
* Older adults who live until 20 kilometers from HCPA;
* Caregiver will be a family member with consanguineous relationship or not;
* Caregiver will be responsible for the most part of the older adult's care;
* Caregiver without payment;
* Caregiver with 18 year old or more.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Older adults who live in a Long Term Care Services;
* Older adults who will be included in a governmental program for Home Care Service;
* Caregivers who don't accept receive the HV by nurses.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Males and females
* Over 17 years of age.
* Diagnosis of first probable or definite TIA or non-disabling stroke (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale \< 6)
* Post-event interval of \<90 days.
* Residence within 75 km of intervention site.
* Orientation to time, place and person and ability to follow simple 3-step commands.
* Ability and willingness to provide informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Evidence of intracranial hemorrhage on MRI or CT scan.
* Presence of contraindications to exercise testing and training, in accordance with American College of Sports Medicine Guidelines.
* Participation in another study that could potentially confound the outcomes of this trial.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adult men and women, \> 18 years of age
2. Resident of Karachi and planning to live in Karachi to complete long term follow up
3. Able to understand Urdu (language of the videos)
4. Admitted with first ever stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic)
5. Modified Rankin score \<3 ( Mild strokes)
6. Have at least one vascular risk factor that requires medical intervention
7. Consent to participate in the study and follow up, both stroke and caregiver.
8. Have a stable surrogate caregiver at home who is responsible for appointments, follow-ups, overall care, e.g., wife, daughters, daughter- in- law, etc.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Serious aphasia, visual hemi neglect, short term memory loss in the patient precluding understanding, visualization or retention of the video material, despite overall "a small stroke", this would be a cognitively critical stroke.
2. Serious aphasia, visual hemi neglect, short term memory loss, dementia in the caregiver precluding understanding, visualization or retention of the video material.
3. Iatrogenic stroke, stroke due to non-atherosclerotic vascular disease and rare causes e.g. moya moya, carotid dissections, gunshot to neck, post Coronary Artery Bypass surgery etc.
4. Serious concurrent medical illnesses, like cancer, renal failure, acute liver disease in past 6 months (that precludes use of statins), chronic liver disease, that exclude the use of stroke preventive medications, or require non standardized therapy.
5. Any use of off label, non-guideline medications, due to patient unique comorbid conditions that interfere with medication compliance to antihypertensive, statins, antiplatelet agents and diabetes control.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult Men and Women ,18 years old
* Use of anti-platelets and statins both.
* Ischemic Stroke or CAD which is stable and outpatient based
* Own Cell Phone
* Can read local language,hear Cell phone,See a short text message
* Willing to Give Written Informed Consent
* Consent to follow up
* Stroke and CAD are stable specifically, not requiring medical procedures that would necessitate frequent interruptions in medications.
* Modified Rankin Score (MRS) Disability score should be less than 3.

Exclusion Criteria:

* No Ischemic Stroke or CAD
* Ischemic Stroke and CAD are unstable e.g. Unstable Angina, Acute MI, Need for CABG, Need for CEA, Need to rapidly adjust medication and inpatient care
* Biological impairment in reading or responding to short text messages such as (but not limited to) loss of vision, visual field cuts, aphasia.
* Diagnosed organ dysfunction or malignancy requiring stopping or adjustment of medications
* Plans to travel outside the country inside the two months following enrollment
* Known allergy or adverse reaction.
* Absolute or relative contraindication to antiplatelet or statin e.g chronic liver disease, myopathy, Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura, GI bleed , Active Gastritis

Answer: B