Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Exploring the Efficacy of Combined Task-Specific and Cognitive Strategy Training in Subacute Stroke: A Phase II Clinical Trial.
Brief Summary: Novel stroke rehabilitation approaches, such as task-specific training (TST), have shown promise in improving stroke recovery components such as basic mobility and activities of daily living; however, evidence suggests these improvements are not generalized and transferred to home, community, or work settings, and usually do not impact overall participation outcomes. Further, these treatments are very intense, with total treatment times as high as 30 to 60 hours, making them clinically or economically unfeasible in many settings. In contrast, approaches incorporating cognitive strategy training have shown great promise to not only improve functional activity performance in people living with stroke, but also to facilitate generalization and transfer beyond the clinical setting, and to do so in 10 to 15 treatment hours. Cognitive Orientation to daily Occupational Performance (CO-OP) is an established treatment approach that uses cognitive strategies in combination with TST. Evidence from other research groups and findings from our own participant interview data indicate that the approach may be even more effective if introduced much earlier in the rehabilitation process, however, CO-OP has not yet been tested in this sub-acute population. Therefore, the specific project goals are: 1. To refine the CO-OP treatment approach for use with people less than three months post stroke; 2. To evaluate, in a Phase II clinical trial, the preliminary efficacy of the refined protocol compared to standard occupational therapy on immediate and longer-term skill performance and participation; 3. To determine effect sizes for power calculations for a future Phase III clinical trial to test the new protocol versus contemporary treatment. The research approach consists of Part 1, Protocol Refinement, and Part 2, Exploratory Phase II Clinical Trial.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* patient at REHAB Basel
* brain-injury
* willing to participate in animal-assisted therapies
* physical and psychological resilience and ability to go/be transported outside to the "Therapie-Tiergarten"
* ability to get in contact with the animal autonomously

Exclusion Criteria:

* medical contraindications:allergies, phobias, etc.
* no willingness to participate in animal-assisted therapies
* patient might present a danger to the animals (aggressive behaviour)
* patient's medication changes radically during the time of data collection
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 18 years of age or greater
* Admitted to out-patient rehabilitation post ischemic stroke

Exclusion Criteria:

* more than 6 months post stroke onset
* those not requiring occupational therapy
* hemorrhagic stroke
* neurological diagnoses other than stroke
* major psychiatric illness
* moderate or severe aphasia (NIH Stroke Scale aphasia rating of 2 or more)
* dementia (Mini Mental State Exam scores of 24 or less)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke occurring at least 6 months prior to enrollment
2. Age range from 20 to 90 years
3. MMSE score ≥ 19
4. MoCA\<26
5. Self- or informant-reported memory or cognitive complaints or CDR scale ≤ 0.5
6. Able to follow the study instruction
7. Adequate cardiopulmonary function to perform aerobic exercise
8. Able to walk with or without assistive devices

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Unstable medical history (e.g., recent myocardial infarction) that might limit participation
2. Concomitant with other neurological disorders (e.g., Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis)
3. Current participation in another interventional trial
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* primary diagnosis of acute stroke
* admission to acute inpatient rehabilitation
* impairment in cognitive functions (Quick Executive Interview ≥ 3)

Exclusion Criteria:

* dementia diagnosis (as indicated in the medical record)
* severe aphasia as indicated by score ≥ 2 on the Boston Diagnostic Aphasia Examination (3rd Edition) Severity Rating Scale (BDAE-3)
* current major depressive disorder (unless treated and in partial remission), bipolar or any other psychotic disorder (Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders)
* drug or alcohol abuse within 3 months (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview)
* anticipated length of stay less than 5 days

Answer: B