Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Group Therapy for Nicotine Dependence
Brief Summary: The goal of this behavioral research study is to create and study a Mindfulness-Based Addiction Treatment (MBAT) for nicotine dependence. Mindfulness is a method to help focus attention on being in the "here and now." It can be learned through training in how to control one's attention. It is usually taught through meditation. The overarching goals of the study are to evaluate the efficacy of MBAT for nicotine dependence and the mechanisms and effects posited to mediate MBAT's impact on abstinence.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* aged 18 years and older
* currently smoking at least one cigarette per day in the past 30 days
* Hong Kong residents
* able to communicate in Cantonese
* currently residing in Hong Kong and expecting to continue to do so for the next 6 months
* have access to a telephone

Exclusion Criteria:

* currently undergoing another smoking cessation or similar program
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* age 18-65 years
* current smoker with history of \>5 cigarettes/day for past year (and expired carbon monoxide \>6 parts per million \[ppm\])
* motivated to quit within next 30 days
* valid home address in the greater Atlanta, Georgia area
* functioning telephone number
* own a mobile phone with text messaging capacity
* can speak, read, and write in English
* at least a sixth-grade level of health literacy

Exclusion Criteria:

* contraindication for nicotine patch
* active substance abuse/dependence
* regular use of tobacco products other than cigarettes
* current use of tobacco cessation medications
* pregnancy or lactation
* household member enrolled in the study
* current diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar disorder, or use of antipsychotic medications
* clinically significant depressive symptoms
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* enrolled in grade 9-12
* smoked at least 5 cigarettes on average per day for the past 7 days
* interested in quitting smoking in the next three weeks
* have a smartphone on iPhone or Android platforms
* English-speaking

Exclusion Criteria:

* unable or unwilling to provide informed assent
* diagnosis of a serious psychiatric illness during the past 5 years
* developmental delay that would prevent study participation
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 18 or above
2. Current smoker with a history of at least five cigarettes/day for the past year
3. Motivated to quit within the next 30 days (preparation stage)
4. Participants must provide a viable home address and a functioning home telephone number
5. Can read and write in English
6. Register "8" or more on a carbon monoxide breath test
7. Provide viable collateral contact information

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Contraindication for nicotine patch use
2. Regular use of tobacco products other than cigarettes (cigars, pipes, smokeless tobacco)
3. Use of bupropion or nicotine patch replacement products other than the study patches
4. Pregnancy or lactation
5. Another household member enrolled in the study
6. Active substance dependence (exclusive of nicotine dependence)
7. Current psychiatric disorder; current use of psychotropic medication
8. Participation in a smoking cessation program or study during the past 90 days

Answer: D