Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effectiveness of a Multifactorial Falls Prevention Program in Community-dwelling Older People When Compared to Usual Care: A Randomized, Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: This study is a clinical trial designed to evaluate the effectiveness of a multifactorial falls prevention program in reducing the rate of falls.

A multifactorial falls prevention program consisting of an individualized medical management of the modifiable risk factors, a progressive on-site body balance exercise plus a home-based exercise program, an educational/behavioral intervention and a fall prevention booklet will reduce the number of falls and fall rates when compared with usual care.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Community-dwelling older adults, men and women aged 60 and over who have fallen at least once in the last 12 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* A previous diagnosis of dementia or a cognitive decline;
* A previous stroke with a severe neurological impairment;
* A progressive neurological disease;
* A severe visual deficiency;
* Any acute illness that the physician considers as an exercise contra-indication;
* An acute vertigo or dizziness less than 3 months duration;
* Inability to keep on standing, even with the use of a walking aid or other device;
* Unable to communicate;
* Those who are engaged in a regular exercise program, including physical therapy, with a frequency of equal to or more than twice a week such as: muscle strengthening, balance or gait exercise, Tai Chi and Yoga
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age of 65 years or older
2. Living at home
3. Able to walk without personal assistance and no other physical limitations that can limit participation and adherence, particularly to exercise intervention programme
4. Meet criteria for frailty

Operational definition of frailty.

The participants are assessed and classified on the level of frailty by the following measures and criteria:

1. Weight loss
2. Slowness
3. Poor balance and weakness assessed by chair stand test
4. Muscle weakness assessed by hand grip and knee extension strength
5. Exhaustion, fatigue or low endurance
6. Low physical activity

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Member of household already enrolled
2. Dementia or cognitive impairment, major depression or other psychotic disorders
3. Severe audio-visual impairment
4. Progressive, degenerative neurologic disease like Parkinsonism, fits/ epilepsy, etc
5. Rapidly progressive or terminal illness under palliative care with life expectancy less than 12 months
6. History of alcohol abuse or any other substance abuse
7. Severely affect muscle/joint dysfunction resulting in disability
8. Hospital admission in the past 3 months
9. Regular physical training or physiotherapy or current participation in a vigorous exercise or weight-training program more than once per week
10. Undergoing therapeutic diet incompatible with nutritional supplementation
11. In the opinion of research clinician, the intervention is deemed to be potentially hazardous for the subject, such as serious cardiac and pulmonary disease.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients aged 65 years and over
* Patients with a high risk profile (at least one fall event in the last 12 months, Berg scale score ≤ 45 and at least one fall event during in-hospital stay) of recurrent falling
* Patients discharged from the Institute of Fondazione Salvatore Maugeri, IRCCS after a period of rehabilitation and living independently

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients' inability to sign the informed consent
* Patients living in a nursing home
* Patients permanently bedridden or fully dependent on a wheelchair
* Patients with cancer
* Patients with Mini Mental Examination State (MMSE) \< 18
* Patients with MMSE \< 24 lacking of caregiver at home
* Patients with neurological impairment (i.e. aphasia and neglect)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients residing in the community

Exclusion Criteria:

* to be institutionalized
* Immobilized or bedridden
* Present a terminal disease or severe psychiatric illness
* Have contraindications to physical exercise

Answer: A