Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized Controlled Trial to Determine the Nutritional Requirement for Vitamin D for Prevention of Deficiency During Pregnancy and in the Early Neonatal Period (D-MAT)
Brief Summary: Randomised, placebo-controlled dose-response intervention study with vitamin D3 in pregnant women.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Personal history of asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis or a history of asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis in the biological father of the child
* Gestational age between 10 and 18 weeks at the time of randomization
* Maternal age between 18 and 39 years
* Not a current smoker
* English or Spanish speaking
* Intent to participate for the full 4 years (through Pregnancy and then until the 3rd birthday of the child)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not meeting inclusion criteria
* Gestational age greater than 18 weeks
* Presence of chronic medical conditions
* Taking vitamin D supplements containing more than 2000 IU/day of vitamin D3
* Multiple gestation pregnancy (twins, triplets)
* Pregnancy achieved by assisted reproduction techniques (e.g., IUI, IVF)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Women aged 18 years and above.
* Gestational age of 17 to 24 completed weeks estimated based on recalled last menstrual period (LMP) and/or ultrasound.
* Intends to permanently reside in the trial catchment area for at least 18 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of medical conditions that may predispose the participant to vitamin D sensitivity, altered vitamin D metabolism and/or hypercalcemia, or history of renal calculi.
* High-risk pregnancy based on one or more of the following findings by point-of-care testing:

  * Severe anemia: hemoglobin \<70 g/L assessed by Hemocue
  * Moderate-severe proteinuria: ≥ 300 mg/dl (3+ or 4+) based on urine dipstick
  * Hypertension: systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mm Hg
* Multiple gestation, major congenital anomaly, or severe oligohydramnios based on maternal history and/or ultrasound.
* Unwillingness to stop taking non-study vitamin D or calcium supplements or a multivitamin with calcium and/or vitamin D.
* Currently prescribed vitamin D supplements as part of a physician's treatment plan for vitamin D deficiency.
* Previous participation in the same study.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult (\>18 years)
* No more than 18 weeks gestation
* In good general health
* Low risk pregnancy
* Not consuming \>10 mcg/d vitamin D from supplements

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current smokers
* Diagnosed hypertension
* Known high-risk pregnancy
* Diagnosed medical illness including diabetes mellitus (Types 1 \& 2), chronic kidney disease or gastro-intestinal diseases or any illness known to interfere with calcium metabolism (e.g. sarcoidosis).
* Consumption of medications known to interfere with vitamin D metabolism
* Consumption of vitamin D (≥ 10 µg/day) or calcium (≥ 650 mg/d) supplements prior to randomization
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women gestational age (GA)\< 14 weeks at screening visit. Middle Eastern woman (Middle East countries defined by WHO: Bahrain, Egypt, Iran, Iraq, Palestine, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria, , United Arab Emirates, Yemen)
* 25(OH)D level between 10ng/ml and 30ng/ml
* Age \> 18 years
* Vitamin D supplementation ≤ 200 IU daily (If daily vitamin D supplementation \> 200 IU daily, at enrollment, the pregnant women will be advised to adjust prenatal multivitamin doses in such a way that total vitamin D supplementation per week doesn't exceed 1400 IU per week, in consultation with primary Obstetric and Gynecology (OB-GYN) physician.)

Exclusion Criteria:

* 25(OH)D level \< 10 ng/ml or \> 30 ng/ml.
* Known metabolic bone disease
* Current medications likely to interfere with vitamin D metabolism (enzyme inducing anticonvulsants, anti -TB)
* Vitamin D supplementation \> 600 IU daily
* Pregnant women with twins

Answer: C