Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Physical Activity as an Aid for Smoking Cessation: a Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Including a tailored moderate-intensity physical activity intervention in a standard smoking cessation treatment program (pharmaceutical treatment and counseling) increases the chances of quitting and reduces nicotine withdrawal symptoms, negative moods, stress, and weight gain.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Spouse, offspring or sibling of patient hospitalized at UOHI within the past 5 years for:

  1. Acute coronary syndrome (ACS);
  2. Elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI); or
  3. Bypass surgery (CABG);
* Willing to provide informed consent;
* At least one of the following modifiable risk factors:

  1. Current smoker;
  2. Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 and or Diastolic BP ≥ 90 and/or currently on medication to treat high blood pressure;
  3. Total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio ≥ 5.0 and/or on antilipemic medication;
  4. Abdominal obesity (for men, waist circumference \> 102 cm; for women, waist circumference \> 88cm);
  5. Physical Inactivity \[\<150 min mod, 5-7 d/week or \<100 min vig, 4-7 d/week\]
* Geographically available for assessment, intervention and follow-up.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Unable to understand English or French;
2. History of diabetes mellitus or any atherosclerotic disease;
3. Fasting glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/L at screening;
4. Presence of life threatening illness (e.g., known or suspected cancer or other disease with a life expectancy of less than five years);
5. Chronic kidney disease and/or undergoing dialysis;
6. Active liver disease;
7. Pregnant or planning to become pregnant within the next year;
8. Cognitive impairment;
9. Other family member already participating in study.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* intent-to-treat sedentary male and female smokers (intention to quit within the next 6 months) - - - smoke 6 or more cigarettes per day.
* Sedentary critieria: not purposeful physical activity for less than 20 minutes of vigorous intensity, or less than 60 minutes of moderate intensity physical activity per week, or less than 100 minutes of time spent walking per week.

Exclusion Criteria:

* pregnancy
* current substance abuse (e.g., alcohol, cocaine, or stimulants);
* current diagnosis or treatment of bipolar and psychotic disorder (e.g., use of Haldol, Thorazine).
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Current daily smoker \>10 or more cigarettes per day
2. Having smoked (on average \> 10 cigarettes/day) regularly for at least 3 years
3. Age between 18 and 65 years
4. Sedentary lifestyle defined as less than 20 minutes a day of moderate-intensity physical assessed by the Swiss Baseline Questionnaire.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Current pharmacological agent use to quit smoking
2. Medical problems that would alter training responses: arthritis, heart disease, and orthopedic problems
3. Presence of an unstable medical condition
4. Current or recent major cardiovascular event, such as recent myocardial infarction (\>12 months) or stroke, angina pectoris, major arrhythmia
5. Current psychiatric illness
6. Alcohol (\> 4 drinks/day for men and \> 3 drink/d. for women), or/and other substance abuse
7. Current or planned pregnancy
8. Systematic skin disease
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy female smokers
* ages 18 - 65
* Read and write English
* Regularly smoke 5 or more cigarettes a day
* Sedentary, or not exercising greater than 20 minutes of vigorous exercise more than once a week or greater than 30 minutes of moderate exercise 2 times per week.

Exclusion Criteria:

* known history of cardiovascular
* pulmonary or metabolic disease such as coronary artery disease, stroke, hypertension, chronic bronchitis, asthma, emphysema, and diabetes
* Any musculoskeletal problems that would limit exercise training such as knee or hip osteoarthritis or any other serious medical condition that might make exercise unsafe or unwise.
* The current use of smokeless tobacco, nicotine replacement therapy or other smoking cessation treatment, and currently using prescription medication that might impair exercise performance or tolerance, specifically beta-blockers or medications used for the treatment of hypertension
* Pregnant or planning to become pregnant within the next 12 months.
* Women hospitalized for a psychiatric disorder
* Receiving treatment for bipolar disorder or schizophrenia
* Current alcohol abuse or psychological problems when quitting in the past that required treatment

Answer: C