Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized Trial of Vitamin D Supplementation in Winter-related, Childhood Atopic Dermatitis
Brief Summary: The goal of this clinical trial is to investigate the therapeutic role of vitamin D supplementation in a subset of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD): children with disease onset or worsening in the winter. The investigators hypothesis is that (1) vitamin D supplementation in patients with either wintertime onset or exacerbation of AD will improve Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) scores, and (2) vitamin D supplementation will improve the Investigator's Global Assessment.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy, singleton term infants of appropriate for gestational age, according to Centers for Disease Control (CDC) growth charts based on weight at birth between 5th and 95th percentiles for sex
* Born to healthy breastfeeding women
* Exclusively breast fed infants from birth, according to WHO definition: breast milk, expressed breast milk, vitamins, minerals and medicine but not including water, breast milk substitutes, other liquids and solid foods.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Infants of mothers with a history of gestational diabetes or hypertension in pregnancy; chronic alcohol use; malabsorption syndromes (Celiac disease, Crohn's, etc.), due to malabsorption of fat soluble vitamins
* Mothers taking any medications that can affect vitamin D metabolism (anticonvulsants and corticosteroids)
* Mothers taking ≥ 2,000 IU/d of vitamin D from supplementation
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Preterm infants with gestational age 24 to 32 weeks who achieved at least 75% of total nutrition by enteral feedings in postnatal 2 weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* perinatal asphyxia,
* major congenital or chromosomal anomalies,
* those with no expectation of survival in first 2 weeks
* those that total parenteral nutrition was not ceased by the first 2 weeks
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of sickle cell disease (HbSS, HbSC, HbS Beta-thalassemia)
* Age 3 to 20 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient (or parent or guardian) unwilling or unable to provide written informed consent (and assent, if applicable)
* Patient unable or unwilling to comply with requirements of the clinical trial
* Participation in other therapeutic clinical trial
* Current diagnosis of rickets
* History of hypercalcemia or diagnosis of any medical condition associated with hypercalcemia, including primary hyperparathyroidism, malignancy, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis, granulomatous disease, familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
* Current use of corticosteroids, excluding inhaled steroids
* Current use of anticonvulsants (phenytoin, phenobarbital, carbamazepine)
* Therapy with thiazide diuretics or lithium carbonate
* Known liver or renal disease
* Patients taking medications for pulmonary complications of sickle cell disease not on a stable dose of medications, as defined by a change in medications or doses within the three months prior to study entry
* Patients on chronic red blood cell transfusion therapy
* Absence of baseline record of respiratory events (respiratory infections, asthma exacerbations, episodes of acute chest syndrome) for the preceding year
* Pregnancy
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 2-17 years
* AD rated 10-72 by EASI scale
* Wintertime onset or exacerbation of AD

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active skin infection
* History of summertime onset or exacerbation of AD
* History of underlying illness causing immunosuppression within the past 2 years (eg. hematologic malignancies)
* Medications causing iatrogenic immunosuppression (eg. cyclosporine; azathioprine, oral steroids) taken within the past month
* Parathyroid disease
* Acute or chronic renal disease
* Hypercalcemia or hypocalcemia
* Thyroid disease
* History of osteomalacia or Paget's disease of bone
* History of malabsorption (eg cystic fibrosis)
* Planned trip to sunny climate during the one-month study

Answer: D