TrialPanorama/Dataset huggingface dataset:
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Prevention of New Vascular Events in Patients With Brain Infarction or Peripheral Embolism and Thoracic Aortic Plaques ≥ 4 mm in Thickness in the Aortic Arch or Descending Aortic Upstream to the Embolized Artery
Brief Summary: The ARCH is a controlled trial with a sequential design and with a prospective, randomized, open-label, blinded-endpoint (PROBE) methodology. The objective is to compare the efficacy and tolerance (net benefit) of two antithrombotic strategies in patients with atherothrombosis of the aortic arch and a recent (less than 6 months) cerebral or peripheral embolic event.

Hypothesis:

The association of clopidogrel 75 mg/d plus aspirin 75 mg/d is 25% more effective than an oral anticoagulant (target International Normalized Ratio \[INR\] 2 to 3) in preventing brain infarction, brain hemorrhage, myocardial infarction, peripheral embolism, and vascular death.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Clopidogrel-aspirin; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Clopidogrel-aspirin | Arm Label: Warfarin; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Warfarin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Warfarin; Assigned to Arm(s): Warfarin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Clopidogrel-aspirin; Assigned to Arm(s): Clopidogrel-aspirin
B: Arm Label: aspirin; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Aspirin, Drug: placebo | Arm Label: Rivaroxaban 5mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: rivaroxaban, Drug: placebo | Arm Label: rivaroxaban 10mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: rivaroxaban, Drug: placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: rivaroxaban; Assigned to Arm(s): Rivaroxaban 5mg, rivaroxaban 10mg | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Aspirin; Assigned to Arm(s): aspirin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Rivaroxaban 5mg, aspirin, rivaroxaban 10mg
C: Arm Label: Apixaban; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Apixaban | Arm Label: Warfarin; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Warfarin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Apixaban; Assigned to Arm(s): Apixaban | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Warfarin; Assigned to Arm(s): Warfarin
D: Arm Label: Early start of NOAC; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Early start of NOAC | Arm Label: Late start of NOAC; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Late start of NOAC | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Early start of NOAC; Assigned to Arm(s): Early start of NOAC | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Late start of NOAC; Assigned to Arm(s): Late start of NOAC

Answer: A
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Pulse Wave Velocity, Pulse Wave Morphology and Blocking of the Reninangiotensin System in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: An Interventional and Methodological Study
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether a combination therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers reduces the arterial stiffness assessed by applantiontonometry more than a single treatment in kidney patients.


Options:
A: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Benazepril; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
B: Arm Label: Telmisartan; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Telmisartan | Arm Label: Enalapril; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Telmisartan; Assigned to Arm(s): Telmisartan
C: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
D: Arm Label: A,AIIA; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Candesartan and enalapril | Arm Label: A, ACE-I; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: candesartan and enalapril | Arm Label: C, AIIA; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: candesartan and enalapril | Arm Label: C, ACE; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: candesartan and enalapril | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Candesartan and enalapril; Assigned to Arm(s): A,AIIA | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: candesartan and enalapril; Assigned to Arm(s): A, ACE-I | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: candesartan and enalapril; Assigned to Arm(s): C, AIIA | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: candesartan and enalapril; Assigned to Arm(s): C, ACE

Answer: D
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: An Open-Label Prospective, Randomized, Multicenter Phase II Comparative Trial of Thymoglobulin® Versus Simulect® for the Prevention of Delayed Graft Function and Acute Allograft Rejection in Renal Allograft Recipients
Brief Summary: A multicenter clinical study comparing event-free survival at 6 months after transplant between Thymoglobulin-treated and Simulect-treated adult kidney transplant patients. Patients received Thymoglobulin or Simulect from Day 0 through Day 4. Day 0 was considered the day of the transplant procedure.

Subjects meeting all inclusion and exclusion criteria were eligible to participate in this study. The treatment assignment was random and not chosen by the subject or their physician.

Subjects were monitored during treatment with Thymoglobulin and during the transplant hospitalization. Additional subject monitoring occurred up to 12 months after transplant.

278 study subjects were enrolled at 28 transplant centers in the United States and Europe.


Options:
A: Arm Label: 1 Control; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Simulect (basliximab) | Arm Label: 2; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: Thymoglobulin [Anti-thymocyte Globulin (rabbit)] | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Thymoglobulin [Anti-thymocyte Globulin (rabbit)]; Assigned to Arm(s): 2 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Simulect (basliximab); Assigned to Arm(s): 1 Control
B: Arm Label: Basiliximab; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: basiliximab, MMF(mycophenolate mofetil), cyclosporine, prednisone (or equivalent) | Arm Label: Basiliximab-free; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: MMF, cyclosporine, steroids | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: basiliximab, MMF(mycophenolate mofetil), cyclosporine, prednisone (or equivalent); Assigned to Arm(s): Basiliximab | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: MMF, cyclosporine, steroids; Assigned to Arm(s): Basiliximab-free
C: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: daclizumab; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
D: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Everolimus; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A

Answer: A
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Does Dose Adjustment of Nicotine Replacement Therapies According to Saliva Cotinine Increase Efficacy of These Treatments of Assistance To the Nicotinic Weaning Of the High-Risk Patients?
Brief Summary: Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) have proven efficacy to help smokers quit. However, their effectiveness is low. This study aims to answer the question: Does the dose adjustment of NRT according the saliva concentration of nicotine's main metabolite: cotinine improve their efficacy compared with the lack of dose adjustment (usual care) in smoking patients with smoking related disease condition.


Options:
A: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Dose adjustment of nicotine replacement therapies | Arm Label: 2; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Drug: nicotine patch | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Dose adjustment of nicotine replacement therapies; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: nicotine patch; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
B: Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Nicotine Replacement Therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
C: Arm Label: PROOF cohort; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A
D: Arm Label: Extended Patch Treatment; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: 24-weeks of nicotine patch | Arm Label: Standard Patch Treatment; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Standard Patch Treatment | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Standard Patch Treatment; Assigned to Arm(s): Standard Patch Treatment | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: 24-weeks of nicotine patch; Assigned to Arm(s): Extended Patch Treatment

Answer: A
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Does Dose Adjustment of Nicotine Replacement Therapies According to Saliva Cotinine Increase Efficacy of These Treatments of Assistance To the Nicotinic Weaning Of the High-Risk Patients?
Brief Summary: Nicotine replacement therapies (NRT) have proven efficacy to help smokers quit. However, their effectiveness is low. This study aims to answer the question: Does the dose adjustment of NRT according the saliva concentration of nicotine's main metabolite: cotinine improve their efficacy compared with the lack of dose adjustment (usual care) in smoking patients with smoking related disease condition.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Spirometry and a brief advice to quit smoking; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Spirometry and a brief advice to quit smoking | Arm Label: Brief advice to quit smoking; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Brief advice to quit smoking | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Spirometry and a brief advice to quit smoking; Assigned to Arm(s): Spirometry and a brief advice to quit smoking | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Brief advice to quit smoking; Assigned to Arm(s): Brief advice to quit smoking
B: Arm Label: spirometry, patient activation tool; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: provider support tools plus spirometer | Arm Label: Usual Care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: provider support tools plus spirometer; Assigned to Arm(s): spirometry, patient activation tool
C: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Dose adjustment of nicotine replacement therapies | Arm Label: 2; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Drug: nicotine patch | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Dose adjustment of nicotine replacement therapies; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: nicotine patch; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
D: Arm Label: Champix plus counselling; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Champix | Arm Label: counselling alone; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Counselling alone | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Champix; Assigned to Arm(s): Champix plus counselling | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Counselling alone; Assigned to Arm(s): counselling alone

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability and Effect on MRI Lesion Parameters of FTY720 vs Placebo in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Including 18 Month Extension Phase
Brief Summary: This study evaluated the safety, tolerability and effect on MRI lesion parameters of FTY720 in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Arm 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Interferon beta-1b (Betaferon/Betaseron, BAY86-5046) | Arm Label: Arm 2; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Interferon beta-1b (Betaferon/Betaseron, BAY86-5046) | Arm Label: Arm 3; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Copaxone | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Interferon beta-1b (Betaferon/Betaseron, BAY86-5046); Assigned to Arm(s): Arm 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Interferon beta-1b (Betaferon/Betaseron, BAY86-5046); Assigned to Arm(s): Arm 2 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Copaxone; Assigned to Arm(s): Arm 3
B: Arm Label: Atacicept 25 mg (With Loading); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Atacicept 25 mg | Arm Label: Atacicept 75 mg (With Loading); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Atacicept 75 mg | Arm Label: Atacicept 150 mg (With Loading); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Atacicept 150 mg | Arm Label: Atacicept 150 mg (Without Loading); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Atacicept 150 mg | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Atacicept 25 mg; Assigned to Arm(s): Atacicept 25 mg (With Loading) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Atacicept 75 mg; Assigned to Arm(s): Atacicept 75 mg (With Loading) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Atacicept 150 mg; Assigned to Arm(s): Atacicept 150 mg (With Loading) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Atacicept 150 mg; Assigned to Arm(s): Atacicept 150 mg (Without Loading)
C: Arm Label: natalizumab; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: natalizumab | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: natalizumab, Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: natalizumab; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo, natalizumab | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
D: Arm Label: Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg/day; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: FTY720 | Arm Label: Placebo/Fingolimod (FTY720); Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: Fingolimod (FTY720) 5.0 mg/day; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: FTY720 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: FTY720; Assigned to Arm(s): Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg/day, Fingolimod (FTY720) 5.0 mg/day | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo/Fingolimod (FTY720)

Answer: D
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability and Effect on MRI Lesion Parameters of FTY720 vs Placebo in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Including 18 Month Extension Phase
Brief Summary: This study evaluated the safety, tolerability and effect on MRI lesion parameters of FTY720 in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg/day; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: FTY720 | Arm Label: Placebo/Fingolimod (FTY720); Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: Fingolimod (FTY720) 5.0 mg/day; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: FTY720 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: FTY720; Assigned to Arm(s): Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg/day, Fingolimod (FTY720) 5.0 mg/day | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo/Fingolimod (FTY720)
B: Arm Label: Fingolimod; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Fingolimod | Arm Label: Multiple Sclerosis Disease Modifying Treatments (MS DMTs); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Standard MS DMTs | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Fingolimod; Assigned to Arm(s): Fingolimod | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Standard MS DMTs; Assigned to Arm(s): Multiple Sclerosis Disease Modifying Treatments (MS DMTs)
C: Arm Label: Fingolimod 1.25 mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Fingolimod 1.25 mg | Arm Label: Fingolimod 0.5 mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Fingolimod 0.5 mg | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Fingolimod 1.25 mg; Assigned to Arm(s): Fingolimod 1.25 mg | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Fingolimod 0.5 mg; Assigned to Arm(s): Fingolimod 0.5 mg | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
D: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: FTY720 | Arm Label: 2; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: FTY720; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): 2

Answer: A
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability and Effect on MRI Lesion Parameters of FTY720 vs Placebo in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Including 18 Month Extension Phase
Brief Summary: This study evaluated the safety, tolerability and effect on MRI lesion parameters of FTY720 in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg/day; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: FTY720 | Arm Label: Placebo/Fingolimod (FTY720); Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: Fingolimod (FTY720) 5.0 mg/day; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: FTY720 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: FTY720; Assigned to Arm(s): Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg/day, Fingolimod (FTY720) 5.0 mg/day | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo/Fingolimod (FTY720)
B: Arm Label: Teriflunomide 7 mg / 14 mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Teriflunomide | Arm Label: Teriflunomide 14 mg / 14 mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Teriflunomide | Arm Label: IFN-β-1a / 14 mg; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Interferon β-1a, Drug: Teriflunomide | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Interferon β-1a; Assigned to Arm(s): IFN-β-1a / 14 mg | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Teriflunomide; Assigned to Arm(s): IFN-β-1a / 14 mg, Teriflunomide 14 mg / 14 mg, Teriflunomide 7 mg / 14 mg
C: Arm Label: Arm 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Interferon beta-1b (Betaferon/Betaseron, BAY86-5046) | Arm Label: Arm 2; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Interferon beta-1b (Betaferon/Betaseron, BAY86-5046) | Arm Label: Arm 3; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Copaxone | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Interferon beta-1b (Betaferon/Betaseron, BAY86-5046); Assigned to Arm(s): Arm 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Interferon beta-1b (Betaferon/Betaseron, BAY86-5046); Assigned to Arm(s): Arm 2 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Copaxone; Assigned to Arm(s): Arm 3
D: Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: BG00012 240 mg Twice Daily (BID); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: BG00012 | Arm Label: BG00012 240 mg 3 Times Daily (TID); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: BG00012 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: BG00012; Assigned to Arm(s): BG00012 240 mg 3 Times Daily (TID), BG00012 240 mg Twice Daily (BID) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo

Answer: A
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Multicenter Study Evaluating the Safety, Tolerability and Effect on MRI Lesion Parameters of FTY720 vs Placebo in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis Including 18 Month Extension Phase
Brief Summary: This study evaluated the safety, tolerability and effect on MRI lesion parameters of FTY720 in patients with relapsing multiple sclerosis.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Double-blind Natalizumab 300 mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Natalizumab (BG00002) | Arm Label: Double-blind Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: Open-label Natalizumab; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Natalizumab (BG00002) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Natalizumab (BG00002); Assigned to Arm(s): Double-blind Natalizumab 300 mg, Open-label Natalizumab | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Double-blind Placebo
B: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: New Formulation of rebif - human interferon beta-1a | Arm Label: 2; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Interferon beta -1b | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: New Formulation of rebif - human interferon beta-1a; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Interferon beta -1b; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
C: Arm Label: Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg/day; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: FTY720 | Arm Label: Placebo/Fingolimod (FTY720); Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: Fingolimod (FTY720) 5.0 mg/day; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: FTY720 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: FTY720; Assigned to Arm(s): Fingolimod (FTY720) 1.25 mg/day, Fingolimod (FTY720) 5.0 mg/day | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo/Fingolimod (FTY720)
D: Arm Label: Interferon beta-1a 44 mcg SC; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Interferon beta-1a, Drug: Ocrelizumab-matching placebo | Arm Label: Ocrelizumab; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Ocrelizumab, Drug: Interferon beta-1a-matching placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Interferon beta-1a; Assigned to Arm(s): Interferon beta-1a 44 mcg SC | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ocrelizumab-matching placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Interferon beta-1a 44 mcg SC | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ocrelizumab; Assigned to Arm(s): Ocrelizumab | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Interferon beta-1a-matching placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Ocrelizumab

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Supplemental Perioperative Oxygen Reduces the Risk of Surgical Wound Infection: A Randomized, Double-blind Trial
Brief Summary: Supplemental perioperative oxygen has been reported to halve or double the risk of surgical wound infection. We tested the hypothesis that supplemental oxygen reduces infection risk following colorectal surgery. Colorectal surgery patients (n=300) were randomly assigned to 30% or 80% FiO2 intraoperatively and 6 hours postoperatively. Wound infections were diagnosed by blinded investigators using Centers for Disease Control criteria. Baseline patient characteristics, anesthetic management, and potential confounding factors were recorded. Wound infection rates were compared with chi-square analysis. Logistic regression identified the contribution of potential confounding factors. Surgical wound infection occurred in 24.4% of patients receiving 30% oxygen, but only 14.9% of those receiving 80% oxygen (P\<0.039). According to logistic regression, the relative risk of infection in patients given supplemental oxygen was 0.46 (P=0.035). Supplemental inspired oxygen reduced wound infection risk by roughly a factor of two. We thus recommend that supplemental oxygen be provided to patients undergoing colorectal surgery.


Options:
A: Arm Label: 80% oxygen group; Type: N/A; Interventions: Drug: Oxygen | Arm Label: 30% oxygen group; Type: N/A; Interventions: Drug: Oxygen | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Oxygen; Assigned to Arm(s): 30% oxygen group, 80% oxygen group
B: Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Mild intraoperative hypercapnia (50 mmHg vs. 30 mmHg); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Supplemental oxygen (80% vs. 30%); Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Dexamethasone; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
C: Arm Label: 80% perioperative oxygen; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Perioperative supplemental oxygen | Arm Label: 30% perioperative oxygen; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Standard oxygen | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Perioperative supplemental oxygen; Assigned to Arm(s): 80% perioperative oxygen | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Standard oxygen; Assigned to Arm(s): 30% perioperative oxygen
D: Arm Label: 70% Nitrous Oxide; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: Nitrous Oxide | Arm Label: No Nitrous Oxide; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: No Nitrous Oxide | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Nitrous Oxide; Assigned to Arm(s): 70% Nitrous Oxide | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: No Nitrous Oxide; Assigned to Arm(s): No Nitrous Oxide

Answer: C