Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: High Prevalence of Rickets and Subclinical Maternal and Childhood Vitamin D Deficiency in the Middle East: a Randomized Controlled Trial of Prenatal Vitamin D Supplementation to Prevent Vitamin D Deficiency in Mothers and Their Infants
Brief Summary: The purpose of this research study is to compare the effects of higher dose vitamin D with commonly recommended dose in pregnant women to see which is better in achieving and/or maintaining sufficient vitamin D blood levels during pregnancy and in newborn infants as well as improving growth in the infant.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women
* Less than 20 weeks gestation
* Over 18 years of age
* Able to swallow nutritional supplements

Exclusion Criteria:

* Use of medications known to affect vitamin D metabolism
* Diagnosis of type 1 diabetes
* History of thyroid, renal, or liver disease
* Problems with digestion or absorption
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Women who are within the ages of 18-45 years
* In good general health
* 12 weeks pregnant (based on last menstrual period)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Mothers with preexisting type I or type II diabetes
* Mothers with preexisting hypertension
* Mothers with preexisting parathyroid disease or uncontrolled thyroid disease
* Mothers with multiple fetuses (e.g., twins, triplets, etc.)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy women, age 18 to \< 35 years, who are clients at the Shimantik clinic or friends/relatives of Shimantik clients.
* Current permanent residence in Dhaka at a fixed address, and have plans to stay in Dhaka for at least 4 months.
* Pregnant women: Enrolled between 26th and 30th week of gestation (participants enrolled in 26th week will not start on-study until the 27th week or later), with a normal medical and obstetric history. Gestational age will be estimated based on the first day of the last menstrual period (LMP).
* Informed consent provided after having an opportunity to consult with husband and/or family members.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current self-reported use of any non-food-based dietary supplements containing vitamin D (i.e., commercial micronutrient pills or capsules containing vitamin D).
* Current use of anti-convulsant or anti-mycobacterial (tuberculosis) medications.
* Severe anemia (hemoglobin concentration \< 70 g/L).
* Hypertension (systolic blood pressure \>= 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure \>= 90 mmHg on at least two measurements).
* In pregnant women: previous history of giving birth to an infant with congenital anomalies.
* In non-pregnant women: currently breast-feeding.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Personal history of asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis or a history of asthma, eczema, allergic rhinitis in the biological father of the child
* Gestational age between 10 and 18 weeks at the time of randomization
* Maternal age between 18 and 39 years
* Not a current smoker
* English or Spanish speaking
* Intent to participate for the full 4 years (through Pregnancy and then until the 3rd birthday of the child)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not meeting inclusion criteria
* Gestational age greater than 18 weeks
* Presence of chronic medical conditions
* Taking vitamin D supplements containing more than 2000 IU/day of vitamin D3
* Multiple gestation pregnancy (twins, triplets)
* Pregnancy achieved by assisted reproduction techniques (e.g., IUI, IVF)

Answer: B