TrialPanorama/Dataset huggingface dataset:
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: Abstract

Background: Insulin resistance has an important role in the development of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and is involved in both pathological processes: hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis. Therefore, treatment of NAFLD with insulin sensitizers is likely to have a favorable effect towards hepatic steatosis and cardiovascular outcomes.

Objectives: The present study investigated the effect of metformin on arterial properties, metabolic parameters and liver function in patients with NAFLD. Methods In randomized, placebo controlled study, 63 patients with NAFLD were assigned to one of two groups: Group 1 received daily metformin; Group 2 received placebo. Pulse wave velocity (PWV) and augmentation index (AI) were performed using SphygmoCor (version 7.1, AtCor Medical, Sydney, Australia) at baseline and at the end of 4-month treatment period.. Metabolic measures and serum adiponectin levels were determined.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Ezetimibe; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Ezetimibe | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Ezetimibe | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Ezetimibe; Assigned to Arm(s): Ezetimibe, Placebo
B: Arm Label: Metformin, Adiponectine, Arterial Compliance; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Metformin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Metformin; Assigned to Arm(s): Metformin, Adiponectine, Arterial Compliance
C: Arm Label: high dose; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Aramchol | Arm Label: low dose; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Aramchol | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Aramchol; Assigned to Arm(s): low dose | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Aramchol; Assigned to Arm(s): high dose | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
D: Arm Label: Lifestyle intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Life style intervention | Arm Label: Life style intervention, pioglitazone; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Life style intervention, Drug: pioglitazone | Arm Label: Life style intervention, berberine; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Life style intervention, Drug: berberine | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Life style intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Life style intervention, berberine, Life style intervention, pioglitazone, Lifestyle intervention | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: pioglitazone; Assigned to Arm(s): Life style intervention, pioglitazone | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: berberine; Assigned to Arm(s): Life style intervention, berberine

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Transdermal Nicotine Therapy as an Adjunct to Behavioral Smoking Cessation Counseling in Syrian Primary Care Settings
Brief Summary: The study is a two-arm, parallel group, randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind trial, conducted at four primary health care centers in Aleppo, Syria, to test the efficacy of transdermal nicotine patch therapy vs. placebo patch therapy, when delivered with behavioral counseling, on smoking cessation rates.


Options:
A: Arm Label: placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: varenicline; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: varenicline tartrate | Arm Label: bupropion; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: bupropion hydrochloride | Arm Label: Nicotine Replacement Therapy Patch; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Nicotine Replacement Therapy Patch | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: varenicline tartrate; Assigned to Arm(s): varenicline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: bupropion hydrochloride; Assigned to Arm(s): bupropion | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Nicotine Replacement Therapy Patch; Assigned to Arm(s): Nicotine Replacement Therapy Patch
B: Arm Label: Arm A; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Transdermal Nicotine | Arm Label: Arm B; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo nicotine patch | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Transdermal Nicotine; Assigned to Arm(s): Arm A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo nicotine patch; Assigned to Arm(s): Arm B
C: Arm Label: Placebo (Slow Metabolizers); Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: Varenicline (Slow Metabolizers); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline | Arm Label: Transdermal Nicotine (Slow Metabolizers); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Transdermal Nicotine | Arm Label: Placebo (Normal Metabolizers); Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: Varenicline (Normal Metabolizers); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline | Arm Label: Transdermal Nicotine (Normal Metabolizers); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Transdermal Nicotine | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Varenicline (Normal Metabolizers), Varenicline (Slow Metabolizers) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo (Normal Metabolizers), Placebo (Slow Metabolizers) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Transdermal Nicotine; Assigned to Arm(s): Transdermal Nicotine (Normal Metabolizers), Transdermal Nicotine (Slow Metabolizers)
D: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Nasal Spray Nicotine Substitute (Experimental) | Arm Label: 2; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Nasal Spray Nicotine Substitute (ad libitum) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Nasal Spray Nicotine Substitute (Experimental); Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Nasal Spray Nicotine Substitute (ad libitum); Assigned to Arm(s): 2

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Safety of Adenosine 2A Agonist Lexiscan in Children and Adults With Sickle Cell Disease
Brief Summary: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an inherited blood disorder that causes the red blood cells to change their shape from a round shape to a half-moon/crescent or sickled shape. People who have SCD have a different type of protein that carries oxygen in their blood (hemoglobin) then people without SCD. This different type of hemoglobin makes the red blood cells change into a crescent shape under certain conditions. Sickle-shaped cells are a problem because they often get stuck in blood vessels blocking the flow of blood, and cause inflammation and injury to the important areas in the body. Lexiscan is drug that may prevent this inflammation and injury caused by the sickle shaped cells. This drug is approved by the FDA to be used as a fast infusion during a heart stress test in people who are unable to exercise enough to put stress on their heart by making it beat faster. Lexiscan has never been studied in patients with SCD and has never been given as a long infusion.


Options:
A: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: hormone replacement therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: estrogens; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: progestins; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: estrogen replacement therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: diet, fat-restricted; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: calcium; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: vitamin D; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: dietary supplements; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
B: Arm Label: Stage 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Lexiscan | Arm Label: Stage 2; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Lexiscan | Arm Label: Stage 3; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Lexiscan | Arm Label: Stage 4; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Lexiscan | Arm Label: Stage 2B; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Lexiscan | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Lexiscan; Assigned to Arm(s): Stage 1, Stage 2, Stage 2B, Stage 3, Stage 4
C: Arm Label: Magnesium group; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate | Arm Label: Placebo group; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Normal Saline Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Intravenous Magnesium Sulfate; Assigned to Arm(s): Magnesium group | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Normal Saline Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo group
D: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Magnesium Sulfate | Arm Label: 2; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Normal Saline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Magnesium Sulfate; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Normal Saline; Assigned to Arm(s): 2

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Prospective, Randomized, Comparative, MultiCenter Clinical Study to Assess the Safety and Effectiveness of the Transcend CyPass Glaucoma Implant in Patients With Open Angle Glaucoma Undergoing Cataract Surgery
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the CyPass Implant for lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with glaucoma who undergo cataract surgery.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Trabectome-IOL; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Trabectome-IOL | Arm Label: Trab-IOL; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Trab-IOL | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Trabectome-IOL; Assigned to Arm(s): Trabectome-IOL | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Trab-IOL; Assigned to Arm(s): Trab-IOL
B: Arm Label: Trabeculectomy; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C | Arm Label: Implant; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Baerveldt implant | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Baerveldt implant; Assigned to Arm(s): Implant | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Trabeculectomy with mitomycin C; Assigned to Arm(s): Trabeculectomy
C: Arm Label: InnFocus MicroShunt; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: InnFocus MicroShunt | Arm Label: Trabeculectomy; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Glaucoma Surgery | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Glaucoma Surgery; Assigned to Arm(s): Trabeculectomy | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: InnFocus MicroShunt; Assigned to Arm(s): InnFocus MicroShunt
D: Arm Label: CyPass Micro-Stent + Cataract Surgery; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Cataract Surgery, Device: CyPass Micro-Stent | Arm Label: Cataract Surgery Only; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Cataract Surgery | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Cataract Surgery; Assigned to Arm(s): Cataract Surgery Only, CyPass Micro-Stent + Cataract Surgery | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: CyPass Micro-Stent; Assigned to Arm(s): CyPass Micro-Stent + Cataract Surgery

Answer: D
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of a Pharmaceutical Intervention on the Level of Control of the Asthmatic Patient
Brief Summary: Measurement of disease control, treatment adherence and patient knowledge of his/her medication in patients that are receiving a pharmaceutical intervention compared with those patients who receive regular pharmaceutical care.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Health service provision; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Pharmacist-Initiated Intervention in OsteoArthritis (PhIT-OA) | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Pharmacist-Initiated Intervention in OsteoArthritis (PhIT-OA); Assigned to Arm(s): Health service provision
B: Arm Label: 1; Type: N/A; Interventions: Other: 1 | Arm Label: 2; Type: N/A; Interventions: Other: 2 | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: 1; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: 2; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
C: Arm Label: Interactive SMS; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Interactive SMS | Arm Label: Usual care; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Usual care | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Interactive SMS; Assigned to Arm(s): Interactive SMS | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Usual care; Assigned to Arm(s): Usual care
D: Arm Label: Standard Care; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: Standard care | Arm Label: Standard Care and Pharmaceutical Care; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: Standard care and Pharmaceutical care | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Standard care and Pharmaceutical care; Assigned to Arm(s): Standard Care and Pharmaceutical Care | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Standard care; Assigned to Arm(s): Standard Care

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of a Pharmaceutical Intervention on the Level of Control of the Asthmatic Patient
Brief Summary: Measurement of disease control, treatment adherence and patient knowledge of his/her medication in patients that are receiving a pharmaceutical intervention compared with those patients who receive regular pharmaceutical care.


Options:
A: Arm Label: 1; Type: N/A; Interventions: Other: 1 | Arm Label: 2; Type: N/A; Interventions: Other: 2 | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: 1; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: 2; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
B: Arm Label: Usual care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Self-management; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Self-monitoring and adjustment of oral anticoagulation | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Self-monitoring and adjustment of oral anticoagulation; Assigned to Arm(s): Self-management
C: Arm Label: Pharmacist-Physician Collaborative Medication Management; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Pharmacist-Physician Collaborative Medication Therapy Management | Arm Label: Usual Care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Pharmacist-Physician Collaborative Medication Therapy Management; Assigned to Arm(s): Pharmacist-Physician Collaborative Medication Management
D: Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Pharmacist intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A

Answer: A
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of a Pharmaceutical Intervention on the Level of Control of the Asthmatic Patient
Brief Summary: Measurement of disease control, treatment adherence and patient knowledge of his/her medication in patients that are receiving a pharmaceutical intervention compared with those patients who receive regular pharmaceutical care.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Video intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Meducation device technique video | Arm Label: Control; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: Nutrition video | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Meducation device technique video; Assigned to Arm(s): Video intervention | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Nutrition video; Assigned to Arm(s): Control
B: Arm Label: Active Feedback; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Active Feedback | Arm Label: Control; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Active Feedback | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Active Feedback; Assigned to Arm(s): Active Feedback, Control
C: Arm Label: 1; Type: N/A; Interventions: Other: 1 | Arm Label: 2; Type: N/A; Interventions: Other: 2 | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: 1; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: 2; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
D: Arm Label: Educational Intervention A; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Teach-To-Goal | Arm Label: Educational Intervention B:; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Brief Intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Teach-To-Goal; Assigned to Arm(s): Educational Intervention A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Brief Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Educational Intervention B:

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of a Pharmaceutical Intervention on the Level of Control of the Asthmatic Patient
Brief Summary: Measurement of disease control, treatment adherence and patient knowledge of his/her medication in patients that are receiving a pharmaceutical intervention compared with those patients who receive regular pharmaceutical care.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Case Group; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Control Group; Type: N/A; Interventions: Other: MyMediHealth access | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: MyMediHealth access; Assigned to Arm(s): Control Group
B: Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Written Action Plan for Acute Asthma; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
C: Arm Label: 1; Type: N/A; Interventions: Other: 1 | Arm Label: 2; Type: N/A; Interventions: Other: 2 | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: 1; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: 2; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
D: Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: electronic medication monitoring system; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: parent-adolescent communication and problem-solving skills; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Active-Controlled, Dose Ranging Study of CB-183,315 in Patients With Clostridium Difficile Infection.
Brief Summary: This is a randomized, double-blind, single-placebo, active-controlled, dose ranging parallel group design with 3 arms. Two dose regimens of CB-183,315 dosed twice daily will be compared with the active comparator oral vancomycin (125 milligrams (mg ) four times daily). Participants with diarrhea at risk for Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) \[for example, received prior or concomitant antibiotic(s)\] will be identified and tested for C. difficile toxin in stool using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA), or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) per the usual standard of care. Eligible participants will be consented, undergo baseline evaluations, and will be randomized in a blinded fashion to one of 3 treatment arms.

Participants will be randomized to receive either 125 mg CB-183,315 twice daily alternating with placebo tablets twice daily, 250 mg CB-183,315 twice daily alternating with placebo tablets twice daily or 125 mg oral vancomycin four times dailyover a period of 10 days in a 1:1:1 fashion.


Options:
A: Arm Label: 1; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Vancomycin | Arm Label: 2; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: PAR-101/OPT-80 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: PAR-101/OPT-80; Assigned to Arm(s): 2 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Vancomycin; Assigned to Arm(s): 1
B: Arm Label: CB-183,315, 125 mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: CB-183,315, Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: CB-183,315, 250 mg; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: CB-183,315, Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: Vancomycin, 125 mg; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Vancomycin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: CB-183,315; Assigned to Arm(s): CB-183,315, 125 mg, CB-183,315, 250 mg | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): CB-183,315, 125 mg, CB-183,315, 250 mg | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Vancomycin; Assigned to Arm(s): Vancomycin, 125 mg
C: Arm Label: Fresh FMT; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: Fresh FMT | Arm Label: Frozen-and-Thawed FMT; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Biological: Frozen-and-Thawed FMT | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Fresh FMT; Assigned to Arm(s): Fresh FMT | Intervention Type: BIOLOGICAL; Name: Frozen-and-Thawed FMT; Assigned to Arm(s): Frozen-and-Thawed FMT
D: Arm Label: Probiotic; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Probiotic | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Placebo | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Probiotic; Assigned to Arm(s): Probiotic | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Procalcitonin-guided Algorithms of Antibiotic Stewardship in the Intensive Care Unit: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Brief Summary: Sepsis is common and is associated with significant mortality, morbidity and health-care costs. Unfortunately, its diagnosis is not straightforward because its signs and symptoms are neither specific nor sensitive; in addition, microbiological cultures lack specificity, sensitivity and are plagued by high turn-around times. Because the delay in the institution of antimicrobial therapy may be deleterious, broad-spectrum antibiotics are widely used in ICU-patients, even when they are not needed. Procalcitonin may not be the long sought for bio-marker to establish the diagnosis of sepsis but may help decrease the duration of the administered antibiotic courses once they are started.


Options:
A: Arm Label: procalcitonin-guidance; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: procalcitonin-guidance | Arm Label: standard-of-care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: procalcitonin-guidance; Assigned to Arm(s): procalcitonin-guidance
B: Arm Label: Procalcitonin-guided group; Type: N/A; Interventions: Other: Literature search | Arm Label: Routine practice group; Type: N/A; Interventions: Other: Literature search | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Literature search; Assigned to Arm(s): Procalcitonin-guided group, Routine practice group
C: Arm Label: PCT guided; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Earlier therapeutic changes regarding infection | Arm Label: Control; Type: SHAM_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Earlier therapeutic changes regarding infection | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Earlier therapeutic changes regarding infection; Assigned to Arm(s): Control, PCT guided
D: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Procalcitonin guided strategy | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Procalcitonin guided strategy; Assigned to Arm(s): 1

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Procalcitonin-guided Algorithms of Antibiotic Stewardship in the Intensive Care Unit: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Brief Summary: Sepsis is common and is associated with significant mortality, morbidity and health-care costs. Unfortunately, its diagnosis is not straightforward because its signs and symptoms are neither specific nor sensitive; in addition, microbiological cultures lack specificity, sensitivity and are plagued by high turn-around times. Because the delay in the institution of antimicrobial therapy may be deleterious, broad-spectrum antibiotics are widely used in ICU-patients, even when they are not needed. Procalcitonin may not be the long sought for bio-marker to establish the diagnosis of sepsis but may help decrease the duration of the administered antibiotic courses once they are started.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Doripenem; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Doripenem, Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: Imipenem-Cilastatin; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Imipenem-Cilastatin, Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Doripenem; Assigned to Arm(s): Doripenem | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Imipenem-Cilastatin; Assigned to Arm(s): Imipenem-Cilastatin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Doripenem, Imipenem-Cilastatin
B: Arm Label: Procalcitonin-guided group; Type: N/A; Interventions: Other: Literature search | Arm Label: Routine practice group; Type: N/A; Interventions: Other: Literature search | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Literature search; Assigned to Arm(s): Procalcitonin-guided group, Routine practice group
C: Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: PCT measurement; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
D: Arm Label: PCT guided; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Earlier therapeutic changes regarding infection | Arm Label: Control; Type: SHAM_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Earlier therapeutic changes regarding infection | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Earlier therapeutic changes regarding infection; Assigned to Arm(s): Control, PCT guided

Answer: B