Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Efficacy of Acupuncture for Chronic Low Back Pain
Brief Summary: This is a trial to clarify the extent to which acupuncture needling can diminish the effect of chronic back pain on patient functioning and symptoms.


Options:
A: * INCLUSION CRITERIA:

A subject must meet all of the following criteria:

1. 18 to 60 years old.
2. Available for clinical follow-up through Week 48.
3. If enrolling from study opening (November 2008) through June 30, 2009, immunized with the current season FDA-approved influenza vaccine prior to enrollment at the specified interval \[14 days to 24 weeks prior to enrollment for the inactivated influenza vaccine OR 30 days to 24 weeks prior to enrollment for the live-attenuated influenza vaccine (FluMist (Registered Trademark))\]; subjects enrolling after July 1, 2009 are not required to have prior vaccination with the most recent seasonal influenza vaccine.
4. Able to provide proof of identity to the satisfaction of the study clinician completing the enrollment process.
5. Complete an AoU prior to enrollment and verbalize understanding of all questions answered incorrectly.
6. Able and willing to complete the informed consent process.
7. Willing to donate blood for sample storage to be used for future research.
8. In good general health without clinically significant medical history.
9. Physical examination and laboratory results without clinically significant findings and a Body Mass Index (BMI) less than 40 within the 56 days prior to enrollment.

   Laboratory Criteria within 56 days prior to nrollment:
10. Hemoglobin greater than or equal to 11.5 g/dL for women; greater than or equal to 13.5 g/dL for men
11. White blood cells (WBC) = 3,300-12,000 cells/mm(3)
12. Differential either within institutional normal range or accompanied by site physician approval
13. Total lymphocyte count greater than or equal to 800 cells/mm(3)
14. Platelets = 125,000 - 500,000/mm(3)
15. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) less than 1.25 times the upper limit of normal (ULN)
16. Serum creatinine less than or equal to 1 times the ULN (less than or equal to 1.3 mg/dL for females; less than or equal to 1.4 mg/dL for males)
17. Negative FDA-approved HIV blood test. \[Note: Results of HIV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) will be documented, but a negative HIV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test result will be sufficient for eligibility screening of subjects with positive HIV ELISA that is due to prior participation in an HIV vaccine study\]

    Female-Specific Criteria:
18. Negative beta-HCG pregnancy test (urine or serum) for women presumed to be of reproductive potential.
19. A female subject must meet one of the following criteria:

No reproductive potential because of menopause \[one year without menses\] or because of a hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy, or tubal ligation,

OR

Agrees to be heterosexually inactive at least 21 days prior to enrollment and through Week 28 of the study,

OR

Agrees to consistently practice contraception at least 21 days prior to enrollment and through Week 28 of the study by one of the following methods:

* condoms, male or female, with or without a spermicide;
* diaphragm or cervical cap with spermicide;
* intrauterine device;
* contraceptive pills, patch, implant or any other FDA-approved contraceptive method;
* male partner has previously undergone a vasectomy.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

A subject will be excluded if one or more of the following conditions apply.

Women Specific:

1. Breast-feeding or planning to become pregnant during the first 28 weeks after enrollment in the study.

   Subject has received any of the following substances:
2. Systemic immunosuppressive medications or cytotoxic medications, within the 12 weeks prior to enrollment. \[With the exceptions that a short course (duration of 10 days or less or a single injection) of corticosteroids for a self-limited condition at least 2 weeks prior to enrollment in this study will not exclude study participation.\]
3. Blood products within 112 days (16 weeks) prior to HIV screening
4. Immunoglobulin within 56 days (8 weeks) prior to HIV screening
5. Live attenuated vaccines within 28 days (4 weeks) prior to initial study vaccine administration
6. Investigational research agents within 28 days (4 weeks) prior to initial study vaccine administration
7. Medically indicated subunit or killed vaccines, e.g. influenza, pneumococcal, or allergy treatment with antigen injections, within 14 days (2 weeks) of initial study vaccine administration
8. Current anti-TB prophylaxis or therapy
9. Previous H5 avian influenza investigational vaccine.

   Subject has a history of any of the following clinically significant conditions:
10. Contraindication to receiving an FDA approved current seasonal influenza vaccination (e.g., egg allergy)
11. Serious reactions to vaccines that preclude receipt of study vaccinations as determined by the investigator.
12. Hereditary angioedema (HAE), acquired angioedema (AAE), or idiopathic forms of angioedema.
13. Asthma that is unstable or required emergent care, urgent care, hospitalization or intubation during the past two years or that requires the use of oral or intravenous corticosteroids.
14. Diabetes mellitus (type I or II), with the exception of gestational diabetes.
15. Thyroid disease that is not well controlled.
16. Idiopathic urticaria within the past year.
17. Hypertension that is not well controlled by medication or is more than 145/95 at enrollment.
18. Bleeding disorder diagnosed by a doctor (e.g. factor deficiency, coagulopathy, or platelet disorder requiring special precautions) or significant bruising or bleeding difficulties with IM injections or blood draws.
19. Malignancy that is active or treated malignancy for which there is not reasonable assurance of sustained cure or malignancy that is likely to recur during the period of the study.
20. Seizure disorder other than: 1) febrile seizures 2) seizures secondary to alcohol withdrawal more than 3 years ago, or 3) seizures that have not required treatment within the last 3 years.
21. Asplenia, functional asplenia or any condition resulting in the absence or removal of the spleen.
22. Allergic reaction to aminoglycoside antibiotics.
23. Guillain-Barr Syndrome.
24. Psychiatric condition that precludes compliance with the protocol; past or present psychoses; past or present bipolar disorder; disorder requiring lithium; or within 5 years prior to enrollment, a history of suicide plan or attempt.
25. Any medical, psychiatric, social condition, occupational reason or other responsibility that, in the judgment of the investigator, is a contraindication to protocol participation or impairs a volunteer's ability to give informed consent.
B: DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

* Healthy male volunteers
* Digital rectal examination (DRE) deemed not suspicious for prostate cancer performed within 364 days prior to study entry

  * Participants with a suspicious DRE are ineligible even if a recent or subsequent biopsy is negative for cancer
* Total prostate-specific antigen ≤ 4.0 ng/mL within 364 days prior to study entry
* No prior prostate cancer or high-grade (grade 2-3) prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Age:

* See Disease Characteristics

Performance status:

* Not specified

Life expectancy:

* Not specified

Hematopoietic:

* Not specified

Hepatic:

* Not specified

Renal:

* Not specified

Cardiovascular:

* Systolic blood pressure \< 160 mm Hg
* Diastolic blood pressure \< 90 mm Hg
* No history of hemorrhagic stroke

Other:

* No malignancies within the past 5 years except basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer
* No uncontrolled medical illness
* No retinitis pigmentosa

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

Biologic therapy

* Not specified

Chemotherapy

* Not specified

Endocrine therapy

* Not specified

Radiotherapy

* Not specified

Surgery

* Not specified

Other

* At least 7 years since prior randomization to SWOG-9217, with completion of end-of-study biopsy requirement
* No additional concurrent selenium or vitamin E (contained in individual supplements, antioxidant mix, or multivitamin)
* Concurrent multivitamins allowed (supplied on study)
* No concurrent anticoagulation therapy (e.g., warfarin)
* Concurrent prophylactic aspirin (average daily dose no greater than 175 mg/day) allowed

  * Concurrent daily aspirin dose ≤ 81 mg for participants receiving clopidogrel
* Concurrent anti-hypertension medication allowed
* No concurrent participation in another study involving a medical, surgical, nutritional, or life-style intervention (unless no longer receiving the intervention and are in the follow-up phase only)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* All individuals age 50 to 70 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable to give informed consent
* History of colorectal cancer
* History of adenomatous polyp
* History of inflammatory bowel disease
* Prior participation in FOBT screening
* Prior refusal to participate in FOBT screening
* Flexible sigmoidoscopy within the previous 3 years
* Virtual colonoscopy within the previous 3 years
* Optical colonoscopy within the previous 3 years
* Severe of terminal illness that would preclude benefit from colon cancer screening
D: Inclusion criteria:

* Diagnosis of low back pain including lumbago, unspecified backache, sprains and strains of sacroiliac, lumbar, sacral, or unspecified regions of the spine
* Back pain must be of at least 3 months duration and rated at least 3 on a symptom bothersomeness scale

Exclusion criteria:

* non-mechanical causes or potential causes of low back pain (i.e. sciatica, underlying systemic or visceral disease, pregnancy, spondylolisthesis, spinal stenosis, cancer or unexplained weight loss, recent vertebral fracture)
* previous treatment with acupuncture
* inappropriate candidate for acupuncture (i.e. severe clotting disorders or on anticoagulant medication, heart pacemakers)
* characteristics complicating the interpretation of the findings (severe or progressive neurologic deficits, back surgery within the prior three years, planning to seek other treatment for back pain)
* characteristics related to ability to complete the study protocol (unable to speak English, plans to move out of town)

Answer: D