Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomised-controlled Clinical Trial to Evaluate the Effectiveness and Safety of Combining Nicotine Patches With E-cigarettes (With and Without Nicotine) Plus Behavioural Support, on Smoking Abstinence
Brief Summary: A randomised trial to determine whether e-cigarettes (with and without nicotine) combined with nicotine patches and behavioural support can assist smokers in remaining abstinent for at least six months.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Individuals were eligible for the study if they were age 18 or older, smoked at least 5 cigarettes per day, were willing to quit within 30 days from enrollment in the Helpline, were not pregnant or nursing, agreed to be in the study and randomized, agreed to the follow-up interview, provided a workable phone number with a secondary back-up number, had a BMI of at least 23 and reported having significant concerns about gaining weight with quitting.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Individuals were not eligible for the study if they had a BMI lower than 23 or were pregnant
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 18-65, male or female
2. Cigarette smoker of at least 15 but no more than 40 cigarettes daily for at least two years
3. Current diagnosis of DSM-IV Nicotine Dependence, based on SCID interview
4. Relatively healthy, with no medical or psychiatric conditions that would adversely interact with study parameters (see exclusion criteria for specific details)
5. Desire to quit smoking (self-report rating of interest in quitting at least a 7 on a 10-point scale)
6. Nicometer® cotinine level at baseline at least a 5 on a 6-point scale
7. Reports not quitting smoking in the past three months for more than one week duration
8. Agrees to attend behavioral counseling sessions and complete study measures
9. Has stable residence and telephone and can provide the name of an outside household collateral family member or close friend

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Substance Dependence in the last one year (other than DSM-IV Nicotine Dependence) or any history of Opioid Dependence (lifetime)
2. Major psychiatric disorder in the last one year, including Axis I disorders or any history of moderate/severe Axis II Disorder, Bipolar Disorder or Psychotic Disorder, based on SCID interview and standard cut-off thresholds on screening questionnaires
3. Past or current medical disorders (cardiovascular, hepatic, neurological, endocrine, etc.) which may adversely interact with study measures
4. Clinically significant lab test abnormalities, positive urine toxicology, or positive pregnancy test
5. Currently pregnant, plans to become pregnant, or lack of effective birth control over next three months, and/or currently lactating, or plans for breastfeeding over next three months
6. History of adverse reaction to opioid antagonist or nicotine replacement treatment
7. Use of any medication that may adversely interact with study measures (antidepressants, phenothiazines, benzodiazepines, etc.); recent or regular use of an opioid medication
8. Unwillingness to attend smoking cessation treatment sessions, take the nicotine patch, or be randomized into medication or placebo conditions, or be available for follow-up assessments
9. Unwillingness to agree to DNA analysis.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Smoke and want to quit in the next three months
* Reside in New Zealand
* At least 18 years of age
* Able to provide verbal consent
* Have access to telephone (mobile and/or landline)
* Are prepared to use a nicotine patch or a nicotine patch and e-cigarette together.
* Only one person per household is eligible.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women
* Women who are breastfeeding
* Current users of NRT products
* People currently enrolled in another smoking cessation programme or other cessation study
* People who have used an e-cigarette for more than one week in the last year for smoking cessation
* Current users of non-nicotine based cessation therapies (e.g. buproprion, clonidine, nortriptyline or varenicline).
* People who have had a heart attack, stroke or severe angina within the previous two weeks.
* People who self-report a history of severe allergies and/or poorly controlled asthma.
D: Participants must meet the following criteria:

* Between the ages of 18 and 65
* Smoking greater than 10 cigarettes per day, have done so for the past 2 years, and want to quit
* Engage in 2 or less 30-minute bouts of moderate or vigorous intensity exercise over the past 6 months
* Absence of any medical condition that is contraindicative for exercise
* not pregnant or intending on being pregnant over the course of the study
* Be able to read and write in English
* Have a telephone or an email account that we can reach you at

Exclusion criteria include:

* Contraindication to regular exercise (e.g., disability, unstable angina)
* Contraindications to using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
* Currently exercise more than twice a week for 30 or more minutes each bout at a moderate to vigorous intensity level and have done so for the past 6 months
* On medication for physical and/or mental health reasons that would make compliance with the study protocol difficult or dangerous
* Have substance dependency problems (e.g., alcohol)
* Are pregnant or are planning on becoming pregnant during the next year
* No Medical Doctor approval for exercise or NicoDerm patch (Nicotine Replacement Therapy; NRT)

Answer: C