Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Thromboprophylaxis During Bariatric Surgery
Brief Summary: This trial is an assessment of the efficacy of three thromboprophylaxis regimens in two types of bariatric surgery.

- gastric banding and gastric bypass on anti-Xa activity levels

The study includes two groups of 150 patients scheduled for gastric banding or gastric bypass.

Assessment of anti-Xa levels before and 4 hours after the injections from day 0 to 2 in order to determine the best prophylactic regimen allowing expected values ranged between 0.3 and 0.5 IU / ml.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. group 1 : patients not requiring ICU at admission with mild disease to severe pneumopathy according to The Who Criteria of severity of COVID pneumopathy, and with symptom onset before 14 days, with need for oxygen but No non-invasive ventilation (NIV) or High flow
2. group 2 :

   * Respiratory failure AND requiring mechanical ventilation
   * WHO progression scale ≥ 6
   * No do-not-resuscitate order (DNR order)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with contraindications to anticoagulation

  1. Congenital hemorrhagic disorders
  2. Hypersensitivity to tinzaparin or UHF or to any of the excipients
  3. Current or history of immune-mediated heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
  4. Active major haemorrhage or conditions predisposing to major haemorrhage. Major haemorrhage is defined as fulfilling any one of these three criteria: a) occurs in a critical area or organ (e.g. intracranial, intraspinal, intraocular, retroperitoneal, intra-articular or pericardial, intra-uterine or intramuscular with compartment syndrome), b) causes a fall in haemoglobin level of 20 g/L (1.24 mmol/L) or more, or c) leads to transfusion of 2 or more units of whole blood or red blood cells.
  5. Septic endocarditis
* Patients with need for anticoagulant therapy. For example: atrial fibrillation, venous thromboembolism, mechanical valve, etc.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

A potential participant must have met all the following criteria to be included in the study:

1. Was hospitalized for laboratory-documented Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) (e.g., positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 \[SARS-CoV-2\] via nasopharyngeal swab real time polymerase chain reaction \[RT-PCR; or other commercial or public health assay\]).
2. Was aged ≥18 years and ≤85 years.
3. Had a resting oxygen saturation (SaO2) of \<94% while breathing ambient air.
4. Had a score of 3 or 4 on the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) ordinal scale (required supplemental oxygen or non-invasive ventilation).
5. Had provided informed consent to participate in the study (by participant or legally-acceptable representative).

Exclusion Criteria:

A potential participant who met any of the following criteria was not eligible to participate in the study:

1. Was currently receiving invasive mechanical ventilation (e.g., via an endotracheal tube) (score of 2 on NIAID ordinal scale).
2. Had severe chronic respiratory disease, defined by any oxygen requirement prior to incident COVID-19.
3. Had active or uncontrolled bleeding at the time of randomization; a bleeding disorder, either inherited or caused by disease; history of known arterial-venous malformation, intracranial hemorrhage, or suspected or known cerebral aneurysm; or clinically significant (in the judgment of the Investigator) gastrointestinal bleeding within the 3 weeks prior to randomization.
4. Was receiving any other investigational (non-approved) therapy for the treatment of COVID-19 or participating in the treatment period of any other therapeutic intervention clinical study. Participating in the follow-up period of an interventional study may be permitted with prior medical monitor approval; participation in an observational study is permitted.
5. Was receiving systemic corticosteroids for a chronic condition.
6. Was receiving chronic anticoagulation with warfarin or direct oral anticoagulants (e.g., rivaroxaban, dabigatran, apixaban, edoxaban).
7. Was receiving or anticipated to require other systemic anticoagulation dosing at a therapeutic intensity. Prophylaxis of venous thromboembolism (VTE) using subcutaneous (SC) unfractionated heparin or enoxaparin was permitted with appropriate monitoring of coagulation status and within the guidelines described in the protocol.
8. Was receiving antiplatelet therapy, alone or in combination, including aspirin and other antiplatelet agents (e.g., clopidogrel, ticagrelor, and prasugrel), unless able to discontinue these agents at the time of randomization and was able to remain off these agents throughout the duration of the study intervention infusion period.
9. Had treatment with systemic (non-steroid) immunomodulators or immunosuppressant medications, including but not limited to tumor necrosis factor (TNF) inhibitors, anti-interleukin-1 agents and Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors within 5 half-lives or 30 days (whichever was longer) prior to randomization.
10. Had a history of congestive heart failure requiring hospitalization.
11. Had active pericarditis (based on clinical assessment).
12. Had malignancy or other irreversible disease or condition for which 6-month mortality was estimated ≥50%.
13. Had a corrected QT interval (QTc) \>500 msec (or \>530-550 msec in participants with QRS greater than \>120 msec).
14. Had a Tisdale risk score ≥11 without the ability to monitor with serial electrocardiograms (ECGs) or telemetry.
15. Had severe renal impairment, as determined by calculated creatinine clearance \<30 mL/min or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \<30 mL/min/1.73 m2.
16. Had alanine aminotransferase (ALT) or aspartate aminotransferase (AST) values \>5x upper limit of normal (ULN).
17. Had activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) \>42 seconds.
18. Had thrombocytopenia with a platelet count \<80,000/mm3.
19. Had severe chronic liver disease (Child-Pugh Score of 10 to 15).
20. Had received dociparstat in a different clinical study.
21. Woman of childbearing potential who was pregnant, breastfeeding, and/or not using a highly-effective method of contraception (consistent with local regulations regarding the methods of contraception for those participating in clinical studies).
22. Had evidence of clinical improvement in COVID-19 status including, but not limited to, a sustained reduction in oxygen requirements over the previous 48 hours, or extubated and/or no longer requiring mechanical ventilation following intubation for COVID-19.
23. Had any other condition, including abnormal laboratory values, that, in the judgment of the Investigator, could have put the participant at increased risk, or would have interfered with the conduct or planned analysis of the study.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* BMI over 40
* Gastric banding or gastric bypass

Exclusion Criteria:

* Renal insufficiency
* Thrombopenia
* Long term anticoagulant treatment
* Pregnancy
* Allergy to heparin
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult patient hospitalized for a probable/confirmed COVID-19 infection (confirmed by serology/polymerase chain reaction or by radiologic signs of COVID-19 pneumonia in the setting of clinical and laboratory abnormalities suggestive of a SARS-CoV-2 infection)
* Signed informed consent
* Patient affiliated to the Social Security

Exclusion Criteria:

* Renal insufficiency with a GFR\<15 mL/min/1.73m²
* Acute kidney injury KDIGO3
* Prophylactic dose of low molecular weight heparin for more than 3 days
* Curative dose of low molecular weight heparin for more than 1 day
* Recurrent catheter/hemodialysis access thromboses
* ECMO required in the next 24h
* Contraindication to low molecular weight heparin
* High bleeding risk (e.g. uncontrolled severe systemic hypertension, recent major bleeding, disseminated intravascular coagulopathy, thrombocytopenia \< 75G/L)
* History of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
* Contraindication to blood-derived products
* Impossibility to perform a doppler ultrasound of the lower limbs (e.g. above the knee amputation, severe burn injuries)
* Expected death in the next 48h
* Vulnerable subjects according to articles L. 1121-5, L. 1121-7 et L1121-8 of French Public Health Code

Answer: C