Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Science-Based Treatment for Opioid-Dependent Adolescents
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate ways to optimize outcomes from combined behavioral-pharmacological treatment for opioid-dependent youth.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* For inclusion in the proposed studies, subjects must be \> 18 years old and in good health. Subjects must meet DSM-IV criteria for opioid dependence and FDA qualification criteria for buprenorphine treatment, including a history of opioid dependence and significant current opioid use (i.e., opioid-positive urines). Subjects must also be seeking or willing to accept opioid detoxification.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Because the primary focus of the proposed research is to develop an efficacious intervention for prescription opioid abuse that employs a buprenorphine taper and subsequent naltrexone maintenance, individuals who require ongoing opioid therapy for pain or other chronic medical conditions will be excluded from participating.
* Individuals with evidence of an active psychiatric disorder that may interfere with consent or participation in the research (e.g., psychosis, manic-depressive illness, organic psychiatric disorders), significant medical illness (e.g., cardiovascular disease) or who are pregnant or nursing will be excluded from participation.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* clinical diagnosis of opioid dependence
* ages 13-18 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* active psychosis
* active suicidality
* major medical problems (e.g., cardiovascular disease)
* pregnancy
* require inpatient detoxification from non-opiate drugs
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Meets DSM-IV criteria for current opiate dependence disorder of at least six months duration, supported by urine toxicology OR COWS score \> or =6 OR Naloxone Challenge .
* Seeking treatment for opioid dependence.
* In otherwise good health based on complete medical history and physical examination
* Able to give written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Methadone maintenance treatment or regular use of illicit methadone (\> 30 mg per week).
* Maintenance on, or regular use of buprenorphine or other long-acting narcotic agonists
* Active medical illness which might make participation hazardous, such as untreated hypertension, acute hepatitis with AST or ALT \> 3 times normal, AIDS, unstable diabetes.
* Severe psychiatric illness (psychotic disorder, major depression, suicide risk or 1 or more suicide attempts within the past year.)
* Physiologically dependent on alcohol or sedative-hypnotics
* History of allergic or adverse reaction to buprenorphine, naltrexone, naloxone, clonidine, or clonazepam.
* Chronic pain requiring opioid analgesia or anticipated surgery necessitating opioid medications
* AIDS dementia or other chronic organic mental disorder
* Pregnancy, lactation, failure to use contraception
* History of accidental drug overdose in the last 3 years as defined as an episode of opioid-induced unconsciousness or incapacitation, whether or not medical treatment was sought or received.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Voluntarily provide written informed consent prior to the conduct of any study-related procedures
* Male or female, 18-65 years of age
* Meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for current opioid dependence
* Females of childbearing potential or a fertile male, must use a reliable means of contraception

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current diagnosis of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
* Received any medication-assisted treatment for opioid dependence (e.g., methadone, BPN) within the previous 90 days
* Current diagnosis of chronic pain requiring opioids for treatment
* Candidates for short-term opioid treatment (\<6 months) only, or opioid detoxification therapy
* Pregnant or lactating female?
* Previous hypersensitivity or allergy to BPN, EVA-containing substances, or naloxone
* Current use of agents metabolized through Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4) such as azole antifungals (e.g., ketoconazole), macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin), or protease inhibitors (e.g., ritonavir, indinavir, and saquinavir)
* History of coagulopathy within the past 90 days, and/or current anti-coagulant therapy such as warfarin
* Meet the DSM-IV-TR criteria for dependence on any other psychoactive substances other than opioids or nicotine (e.g., alcohol, sedatives)
* Significant medical or psychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment, or other factors which in the opinion of the Investigator would preclude compliance with the protocol, subject safety, adequate cooperation in the study, or obtaining informed consent
* Current medical conditions such as severe respiratory insufficiency that may prevent the subject from safely participating in study, or any pending legal action that could prohibit participation or compliance in the study
* Exposure to any investigational drug within the previous 8 weeks
* Previous exposure to Probuphine, or prior implantation with a placebo implant in the context of a Probuphine clinical trial
* Presence of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels greater than or equal to 3 X the upper limit of normal, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels greater than or equal to 3 X the upper limit of normal, total bilirubin greater than or equal to 1.5 X the upper limit of normal, or creatinine greater than 1.5 X upper limit of normal on the screening laboratory assessments
* Clinically significant low platelet count on the screening laboratory assessments

Answer: B