Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of OroPharyngeal Exercises on Patients With Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Randomized, Controlled Study
Brief Summary: Background: Upper airway muscle weakness plays an important role in the genesis of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Oropharyngeal exercises are derived from speech therapy consisting of isometric and isotonic exercises directed to tongue, soft palate and lateral pharyngeal wall. We hypothesized that oropharyngeal exercises will attenuate OSA severity.

We will include 30 moderate OSA patients (apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), between 15 and 30 events/hour) that will randomize to 3 months of general measurements and daily nasal lavage (n=15, control) or daily oropharyngeal exercises (\~30 min) plus nasal lavage (n=16). Full polysomnography, anthropometric measurements, questionnaires derived from Berlin, Epworth and Pittsburgh evaluating quantitatively (range) snoring frequency (0-4) and intensity (1-3), daytime sleepiness (0-24) and sleep quality (0-21), respectively will be performed at baseline and study end.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients aged between 25 and 65 years old with a recent diagnosis of moderate obstructive sleep apnea

Exclusion Criteria:

* Body mass index (BMI) \>40 kg/m2
* Facial malformations
* Regular use of hypnotic medications
* Hypothyroidism
* Previous stroke
* Neuromuscular disease
* Heart failure
* Coronary disease
* Severe obstructive nasal disease
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a recent diagnosis of OSAS
* Body mass index (BMI) \< 35 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

* Facial malformations
* Regular use of hypnotic medications
* Hypothyroidism
* Previous stroke
* Neuromuscular disease
* Heart failure
* Coronary disease
* Severe obstructive nasal disease
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Fluent in English.
2. Age is between 20 and 65.
3. BMI less than 32
4. Less than 5% variance in weight since sleep study.
5. Snoring without health risk related to sleep apnea and not currently receiving treatment.

   1. Mild OSA or negative HSAT or PSG within past year with AHI 0-14
   2. Has refused oral appliances, CPAP, weight loss, surgery or positional therapy.
6. Owns an iPhone 4 or newer and is comfortable downloading and using apps.
7. Complaint of habitual snoring 3 or more nights per week
8. Rated by polysomnograph technologist as moderate or loud snoring.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Non-fluent in English.
2. Persistent rhinitis diagnosis or nasal obstruction.
3. BMI \> 32
4. Greater than 5% variance in weight since sleep study.
5. Diagnosis of moderate to severe sleep apnea or any other sleep disorder (insomnia, RLS)
6. Insufficient sleep, defined as getting fewer than 6 hours of sleep on an average night based on self report.
7. Spouse/partner is also a habitual snorer.
8. Lacking ability to consent for themselves.
9. Heavy drinker (self reported average more than 2 drinks per day).
10. Regular narcotics (greater than 3 times/week)
11. Epworth sleepiness scale score \> 11 or one near miss accident in the past 6 months.
12. Medical conditions as follows: symptomatic cardiopulmonary disease, chronic renal insufficiency, poorly controlled mental illness.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

subjects with primary snore, mild and moderate obstructive sleep apnea

Exclusion Criteria:

BMI \> or = 40, craniofacial malformations, smokers, pregnant women, edentulous, total dental prostheses, use of hypnotic medications, stroke, neuromuscular dystrophy, coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severe nasal obstructive disease, pharyngeal surgery,already made some kind of treatment for obstructive sleep apnea.

Answer: A