Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Goal Directed Therapy for Patients Undergoing Major Vascular Surgery
Brief Summary: The management and delivery of intravenous fluids during surgical operations is one of the important duties for anesthesiologists.

The goal of this study was to determine if goal directed fluid therapy, titrated using the FloTrac monitor's measurement of stroke volume variation results in a decrease in the length of stay of patients undergoing open abdominal aneurysm repair.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* all patients admitted for open colonic surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

* no primary anastomosis and/or stoma rectum resection emergency situation patients not speaking german immobile patients
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* American Society of Anesthesiologists physical class I-III patients over the age of 18 years
* Presenting for elective open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Weight \>120kg
* Known or suspected valvular aortic insufficiency
* Renal Dysfunction (serum creatinine \>150 μmol/l)
* Pre-existing bowel dysfunction
* Active congestive heart failure
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults (18 years old or greater) who are able to provide informed consent.
* Patients who undergo an open, elective liver resection. Including those initially approached laparoscopically but converted to an open resection and those undergoing additional procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active coronary disease.
* Patients with a history of coronary disease will be eligible if they have had a cardiac stress study showing no reversible ischemia and normal LV function within 3 months of operation.
* Active symptomatic cerebrovascular disease.
* Active congestive heart failure and ejection fraction \<35%.
* Active severe restrictive or obstructive pulmonary disease and resting SpO2 \<90%.
* Active renal dysfunction (Cr \>1.8)
* Abnormal coagulation parameters (INR \> 1.8 not on Coumadin, or platelet count \< 100,000 per mcL)
* Presence of active infection including HIV
* Patients with active atrial fibrillation or flutter.
* Preoperative hypoalbuminemia (Albumin \< 2g/dl).
* Female patients who are pregnant (female patients of child-bearing potential must have a negative serum pregnancy test ≤ 14 days prior to surgery or 15 to 30 days prior to surgery with a negative urine pregnancy test the morning of surgery).
* Presence of ascites.
* BMI \> 45 or \<17
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* To provide high generalizability and representativeness the high number of patients with laparotomy and major surgical trauma is included into this study. - Therefore, open visceral, urological, and gynecological surgery is covered by this study.
* Expected duration of surgery must be ≥ 120 minutes and requirement of volume therapy needs to be expected ≥ 2 liters.
* Risk for any postoperative complications needs to be ≥10% assessed by the ACS (American College of Surgery)- NSQUIP (National Surgical Quality Improvement Program) risk calculator.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients \<18 years,
* laparoscopic approach,
* patients not having sinus rhythm,
* patients having highly impaired left ventricular function (ejection fraction \<30%) or severe aortic valve stenosis (aortic valve area \<1 cm2, mean gradient \>40 mmHg),
* pregnant women,
* emergency surgeries (surgery required within 24 hours),
* primarily vascular surgery,
* patients suffering from septic shock,
* patients having phaeochromocytoma,
* patients suffering from non-cardiac chest pain,
* refusal of consent,
* patients receiving palliative treatment only (likely to die within 6 months) and patients suffering from acute myocardial ischemia (within 30 days before randomization) are excluded from the study.
* Further, in case that clinicians intended to use cardiac output monitoring for clinical reasons patients should also not be included in the study.

Answer: B