Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Pre-Discharge Bundle for Patients With Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease to Reduce Readmissions and Emergency Department Visits: a Randomized, Controlled Trial.
Brief Summary: Hospital readmissions for acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) pose burdens to the healthcare system and patients. The aim of this study was to determine whether a screening and educational tool, administered prior to discharge, would result in a decrease in the rate of hospital readmissions.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Inclusion criteria on cluster level are:

1. Written agreement to participate in the study;
2. Agreement that a care pathway for COPD will not be developed and used within the time frame of the study when randomized in the control group.

Inclusion criteria on patient level are:

1. Written informed consent;
2. All consecutive admissions with COPD exacerbation;
3. Hospitalization for at least 48 hours;
4. Moderate, severe or very severe COPD;
5. Each patient will be included only once in the study at initial hospitalization, even if the patient had been hospitalized more than once.

Exclusion Criteria:

Exclusion criteria on patient level:

1. Admission required to intensive care unit;
2. Need for Invasive Positive Pressure Ventilation (IPVV).

Inclusion criteria on multidisciplinary team level:

1. Team members are involved in direct patient care responsibilities for COPD;
2. Minimum representation of the core disciplines according to COPD literature;
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* diagnosis of COPD with the presence of an AECOPD
* Age \> 40
* Current or ex-smoker with history of at least 20 pack-years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Past history of asthma, interstitial lung disease, bronchiectasis, presence of airway hardware (e.g. tracheal stents or tracheotomy), lung cancer, any other cancer with a life expectancy of less than 1 year
* Presence of a language barrier
* Residence in a nursing home
* Intensive care unit stay during the current admission
* Delirium or dementia.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Registered in one of the general practices participating in the study
* Diagnosis of COPD, with Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Diseases (GOLD) stage I, II or III
* Age ≥35 years
* Willing to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Very poor prognosis with regard to respiratory condition (GOLD stage IV)
* Severe co-morbid conditions with a reduced life expectancy
* Unable to communicate in the Dutch language
* Objections to one or more of the disease management modes in the study
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity (FEV1/FVC) ratio \< 70%
* age \> 40 years
* complaints of chronic cough
* smoking history of more than 20 years or 15 pack-years
* diagnosis of COPD as major functionally limiting disease and
* current use of bronchodilator therapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

* primary diagnosis of asthma
* primary diagnosis of cardiac disease
* presence of disease that could either effect mortality or participation in the study (e.g. confusional states).

Answer: B