Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Improving Care in Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease Study: CAROL Improving Processes of Care and Quality of Life of COPD Patients in Primary Care: A Cluster Randomized Trial
Brief Summary: Background The Swiss health ministry launched a national quality program "QualiCCare" in 2011 to improve healthcare for patients with COPD.

The aim of this study is to determine whether participation in the COPD quality initiative ("QualiCCare") improves adherence to recommended clinical processes and shows impact on patients COPD care and on quality of life in patients with COPD.


Options:
A: Inclusion criteria:

* Males and females = 45yrs of age and
* Smoker or ex-smoker (with at least 10 PY) and
* Obstruction in spirometry FEV1/FVC\< 0.7

Exclusion criteria:

* No obstruction in spirometry (FEV1/FVC \> 0.7) or
* Patients with history of asthma or hay fever or
* Other concomitant pulmonary disease or
* Patients with malignancies of any other system and/or other severe disease with an estimated life expectancy of less than six months or
* Insufficient German language skills or
* Patients who contact the practice for emergencies only or as a substitute practice
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Hospitals with low rates of NIV use (lower-half quartiles) among patients with COPD ventilated with invasive or noninvasive mechanical ventilation. Rates are calculated from an administrative database. Hospitals must also have a minimum of 10 ventilated patients over an 18 month period per hospital in which to assess NIV rates. (the above age limits are for patients with COPD included in calculating the rates)
2. The target population of clinicians for the IPE educational training aged 23-80 years includes: physicians (hospitalists, emergency department physicians, critical care or pulmonary), respiratory therapists, and nurses involved in the care of patients with COPD or acute respiratory failure at the participating hospitals.

Exclusion Criteria:

None
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* The patient is categorised as asthmatic disease with persistent airway obstruction or COPD in the monitoring system SHL confirmed by the most recent lung function assessment (FEV1/FVC \< 70% after BD and FEV1 ≥ 50% pred after BD) or (FEV1 \< 80% predicted after BD and ≥ 9% reversibility)
* The patient is monitored by the AC service of the SHL.
* The GP of the patient is willing to participate in the trial.
* Written informed consent of participant

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients treated primary by a pulmonologist
* Patients currently participating in another respiratory intervention study
* When the GP considers it detrimental to the patient to participate in the study
* Serious other non-pulmonary diseases (or disease-stages) that are presumed to lead to "lost to follow-up" because of the severity of the disease course (like diseases with low survival rate or mental deterioration)
* Serious other pulmonary diseases that effect bronchial symptoms and/or lung function, e.g. sarcoidosis, lung cancer, lung fibrosis
* Illiteracy
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* People who live in either Ringkoebing-Skjern or Ikast-Brande municipalities and have a GP in the municipality and have been in hospital during the last 5 years with a lung related diagnosis or has redeemed a prescription for medication for lung related problems twice during the last year or has had at least two spirometries done during the last year.

Exclusion Criteria:

* People who do not fit the above inclusion criteria

Answer: A