Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Electrical Muscle Stimulation (EMS), a Preventive and Therapeutic Tool for Critical Illness Polyneuromyopathy (CIPNM)- A Randomized Controlled Parallel Intervention Trial.
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of EMS as a preventive and therapeutic tool of CIPNM. The investigators hypothesized that EMS will prevent the development of CIPNM or have a beneficial role as a therapeutic means in case of CIPNM appearance.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subject is diagnosed with COPD.
* 40 years-old and older
* Currently or previously smoking with a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years
* Subject understands and is able to read and write French or English

Exclusion Criteria:

* absence of neuromuscular pathology
* absence of vascular pathology
* absence of dermatosis on legs
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* all patients admitted in ICU of Evaggelismos Hospital

Exclusion Criteria:

* age \< 18 years
* pregnancy
* pre-existing neuromuscular disease (e.g. Gravis)
* connective tissue disease
* fractures or skin lesions that do not allow the implementation of EMS
* BMI \> 35 kg/m2
* brain death
* terminal disease
* length of stay \< 48 hours
* presence of pacemaker
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* 1 day of mechanical ventilation with an expectation of requiring ≥2 additional days of ICU stay in a Johns Hopkins Intensive Care Unit (ICU)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable to understand or speak English due to language barrier or cognitive impairment prior to admission
* Unable to independently transfer from bed to chair at baseline prior to hospital admission
* Known primary systemic neuromuscular disease (e.g. Guillian-Barre) at ICU admission
* Known intracranial process that is associated with localizing weakness (e.g. cerebral vascular accident) at ICU admission
* Transferred from another ICU outside of the Johns Hopkins system after \>4 consecutive days of mechanical ventilation
* Moribund (i.e. \>90% probability of patient mortality in the next 96 hours)
* Anticipated transfer to another ICU for care (e.g. awaiting organ transplantation and transfer to surgical ICU)
* Any pacemaker (e.g., cardiac, diaphragm) or implanted cardiac defibrillator
* Pregnancy
* Body mass index ≥35 kg/m2
* Any limitation in life support other than a sole no-CPR order
* Known or suspected malignancy in the legs
* Unable to treat or evaluate both lower extremities (e.g., bilateral amputation, bilateral skin lesions)
* ICU length of stay \>7 days prior to enrollment
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
* being 35-75 years of age
* being eligible to participate in endurance trainin
* no acute exacerbation in last month, no change in drugs and no usage of antibiotics in last three weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* medical conditions which could place patient at risk during neuromuscular electrical stimulation and exercise training (orthophedic and neuromuscular disorders, metal implants in the lower limbs, advanced heart failure, aortic stenosis, deep venous thrombosis a cardiac pacemaker, \>50 mmHg pulmonary artery pressure and/or an acute exacerbation of symtomps in the preceeding four weeks)
* being unable to understand the questionnaires and unable to cooparate.

Answer: B