Please select the outcome measures that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effects of Ventilation Tubes Versus no Ventilation Tubes for Recurrent Acute Otitis Media or Chronic Otitis Media With Effusion in 9 to 36 Month Old Greenlandic Children - a Randomised Clinical Trial
Brief Summary: The prevalence of otitis media among Greenlandic children is one of the highest in the world and twenty per cent of schoolchildren have impaired hearing in the frequencies for normal speech. Yet, there are no national guidelines to ensure prevention and treatment of recurrent acute otitis media and chronic otitis media with effusion and impaired hearing in Greenlandic children. International studies from the developed part of the world have shown that otitis prone children may benefit from tubulation of the tympanic membrane. However, it is unknown if these results can be applied to Greenlandic children.

This PhD project will conduct a randomised controlled trial comparing tubulation of the tympanic membrane, in Greenlandic children aged 9-36 months with recurrent acute otitis media and/or chronic otitis media with effusion, to conservative treatment. The children will be followed for two years. Outcome measures will include number of visits to health clinics, number of tympanic membrane perforations, number of episodes with acute otitis media according to medical records, Quality of life, measured by the validated questionnaires OM6 and Caregiver Impact Questionnaire, number of episodes where per oral or intravenous antibiotics have been administered according to medical records and serious adverse events

The trial will be conducted in collaboration with the Greenlandic health authorities and Copenhagen Trial Unit.

With this trial the investigators hope to decrease the number of episodes with acute otitis media, the number of Greenlandic children with chronic perforations of the tympanic membrane and hearing impairment and increase quality of life.

The results will add important knowledge to the effect of ventilation tube treatment also in an international aspect. There are to date only less than a handful of high quality studies concerning this issue on an international basis. The study will be among the first addressing this problem among populations with high risk of otitis media and is also of interest to other indigenous populations and the developing part of the world.


Options:
A: All measures at 9 to 11 years of age:; Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests-Revised-Normative Update; Number of words in a grade-level passage read correctly in one minute; Dictation Samples subtest of the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement, Standard Battery; Writing Samples subtests of the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement, Standard Battery; Elision and Rapid Letter Naming subtests of the Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing; Children's version of the Hearing in Noise Test; Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale; Child Behavior Checklist, parent report; Child Behavior Checklist, teacher report; Impairment Rating Scales, parent report; Impairment Rating Scales, teacher report; Computerized visual continuous performance test; Computerized auditory continuous performance test; Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence; Computational subtest of the Woodcock-Johnson III Tests of Achievement, Standard Battery
B: Treatment response (1 months)
C: Proportion of children with middle ear effusion (end of intervention); Proportion of study visits at which middle ear effusion detected (during intervention)
D: Number of visits to health clinic (Two years after randomisation)

Answer: D