Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Families First Edmonton: The Comparative Effects and Expense of Four Models of Augmenting Services for Low-income Families
Brief Summary: This study is designed to provide clear evidence for health and social policymakers about the influence of alternate service-delivery models and practices on enhancing and sustaining low-income family linkages to available services. A challenge faced by Canadian health and social service providers is to promote health for low-income families in a proactive and cost-effective manner. Families with low incomes experience an array of health and social barriers that compromise their resilience, lead to negative family outcomes, and act as barriers to available services. Family barriers are compounded by service delivery barriers and result in reduced opportunities for effective, primary-level services and in increased use of secondary-level services (e.g., emergency room visits, emergency intervention, police involvement), with the obvious increase in costs. Randomized-controlled trials are rare in community-based intervention research.

This Families First Edmonton randomized-controlled trial (RCT) will enable testing of innovative service-delivery models and provide an opportunity for evidence-based decision making for Canadian policy makers. Critical information will be provided about

1. optimizing cost effectiveness for public systems
2. the long-term effects on the health of low-income family members
3. mechanisms that intervene between the interventions and their effect on the health of low-income family members
4. building on previous research and on community-based initiatives
5. promoting knowledge transfer


Options:
A: Patient Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients over 18 years old, diagnosed with ischemic stroke (including transient ischemic attack) with symptoms lasting up to 24 hours.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with signs of hemorrhagic stroke, expansive lesions, central nervous system infections, and those coming from institutions that did not provide institutional approval form signed by the patients' guardians.

Cluster Eligibility Criteria

Inclusion Criteria:

* Hospitals with a emergency department, with available tomography, neurologist and alteplase

Exclusion Criteria:

* Hospitals that don't provide Institutional Authorization Form
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* child between the ages of 7-10 who lives with the target adult at least 50% of the time
* parent/guardian must be the primary-meal preparing parent/guardian

Exclusion Criteria:

* planning to move out of the area in the next 6 months
* medical condition that would prevent family from participating in group sessions
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Dialysis facilities within GA were considered for this intervention due to data restrictions. The remaining facilities were selected in a step-wise selection process 1) The presence of a racial disparity in referral or 2) a crude referral risk less than six percent.
* The presence of a racial disparity was based on the crude referral risk difference and the standardized referral risk difference.
* The remaining facilities had a calculated 6-month crude referral risk mean of 0.06 and all facilities with a crude referral risk less than the mean were selected for inclusion.
* The final pool of 134 facilities were randomized to either the intervention or control group using a one to one ratio.

Exclusion:

* Facilities with a 6-month population (from June-December 2012) of less than 13 End Stage Renal Disease patients \<70 years of age within a facility were excluded.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participant families will

  1. have received low-income assistance either in the form of

     1. Alberta Works Income Support
     2. Alberta Child Health Benefits,
     3. Alberta Works Adult Health Benefits
     4. participating in City of Edmonton Leisure Access Program
     5. living in Capital Region Housing
  2. have a child or children between 0 and 12 years of age
  3. reside in city of Edmonton
  4. be able to provide signed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Potential study participants will be excluded if they refuse to give informed consent to be interviewed
* are unable to read and write English and an appropriate translator is not available
* have plans to move outside the region
* are unwilling to participate for the entire follow-up period

Answer: D