Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effectiveness of Using Social Networking Service to Prevent Smoking Relapse Among Self-reported Quitters: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial
Brief Summary: According to the Census \& Statistics Department, there are still 659,300 daily smokers (11.1%) in Hong Kong. Smoking is addictive, and it is difficult for some motivated smokers to quit without assistance. About 33.2% daily smokers in Hong Kong had tried quitting but they could not maintain abstinence. Relapse prevention is aimed at providing interventions to prevent relapse after starting the abstinence status. This pilot single-blind randomized controlled trial (proof of concept study) will test the effectiveness of social networking services for relapse prevention. The study will first recruit 6 quitters and 6 relapsers for a qualitative interview for the design of intervention. Then, the pilot-RCT trial will recruit 120 participants who have recently quitted smoking, and they will be randomly allocated to 2 intervention groups and one control group. The 2 intervention groups will be arranged to join a WhatsApp or Facebook group for receiving quitting advices from the group moderators and sharing quitting experience with other participants. All participants will receive a self-help booklet of relapse prevention, and will be followed up at 6 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. The primary outcome is the self-report relapse rate (Relapse is tentatively defined as smoking 5 cigarettes in 3 consecutive days since joining the RCT among the 3 study arms.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years or older
* Enrolled in Free \& Clear, Inc. services
* Self-reported abstinence for at least 24 hours at the quit date call
* Able to read and speak English
* Personal access to a touch-tone telephone or cellular telephone

Exclusion Criteria:

* Have not stopped smoking for 24 hours
* Currently incarcerated
* Currently participating in any other smoking cessation research
* Live in same household as another study participant
* Participated in the Alere Wellbeing Quit for Life Program within the last 6 months
* Were previously enrolled in this study even if they repeat the smoking cessation program during the accrual period
* Hearing impaired enrollees receiving Free \& Clear services via telecommunications devices for the deaf (TDD) will be excluded from the study as the IVR technology currently does not have this capability
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Smoking withdrawal for at least 1 week
* Age more than 18 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Epilepsy
* Psychiatic desease
* Dementia
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Among patients applying to the smoking cessation outpatient clinic between March and October 2017,
* \>18-year old volunteers who smoked at least one cigarette/day,
* using WhatsApp at least on four days of the week,
* accepting the 3-month follow-up were included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Besides people who did not meet the inclusion criteria, other patients applying to the clinic but who were referred to another centre without receiving any treatment,
* people who were not 'ready to quit' according to the TTM stages of change evaluation
* who had already quit before applying to the clinic were excluded.
* If two or more patients were living in the same house or had applied to the clinic together, only the first of these was included and the rest were excluded from the study, as they could show the arriving messages to their friend/ partner/ relative.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Smoked at least 1 cigarette a day when first joined ICSC
* Aged 18 or above at the baseline of the RCT
* Clients who have received 3 to 5 smoking cessation counseling provided by ICSC
* Reported tobacco abstinence in the past 7 days at the 8-week follow-up since receiving treatment from ICSC
* Able to communicate in Cantonese and read Chinese
* Have a local network mobile phone with mobile internet access

Exclusion Criteria:

* Those with unstable physical or psychological conditions as advised by the doctor or counselor in charge
* Smokers with diagnosed alcohol dependence by clinicians or the score of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) is 8 or higher

Answer: D