Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Prevention of Falls in Community-dwelling Older Adults by a Standardized Assessment of Fall Risks in the General Practitioner Setting and Through Implementation of a Network for Effective Individual Reduction on Fall Risks.
Brief Summary: The primary aim of this two-year project for falls prevention is to reduce number of falls and fall incidence in community-dwelling people of 65 years and older in the setting of general practitioners. In addition a reduction of fall-related injuries, reduction of fall-related risk factors and preservation of Quality of Life is to be achieved.

A second goal of this study is the implementation of standardized assessment for fall risk factors as well as building up a network between instructors for fall prevention exercise and general practitioners.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Community-dwelling older adults, men and women aged 60 and over who have fallen at least once in the last 12 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* A previous diagnosis of dementia or a cognitive decline;
* A previous stroke with a severe neurological impairment;
* A progressive neurological disease;
* A severe visual deficiency;
* Any acute illness that the physician considers as an exercise contra-indication;
* An acute vertigo or dizziness less than 3 months duration;
* Inability to keep on standing, even with the use of a walking aid or other device;
* Unable to communicate;
* Those who are engaged in a regular exercise program, including physical therapy, with a frequency of equal to or more than twice a week such as: muscle strengthening, balance or gait exercise, Tai Chi and Yoga
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 65 years old or older
* Having been treated in emergency department or submitted to hospital after a fall
* Living in the Glostrup area.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Fall due to strong external force, new apoplexia cerebri, epileptic seizure, alcohol intoxication.
* Known cognitive impairment
* Not able to walk prior to fall
* Living in institution
* Planned geriatric intervention.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 65 years
* Seen in the Emergency Department for a fall or injury related to a fall
* Able to follow 3 step commands
* Singapore citizen or Permanent Resident
* Living at home upon discharge
* Provision of informed consent
* If admitted to the hospital, the illness or disability is one from which they are expected to recover basic ADLs or weight bearing of the lower extremity within the next month

Exclusion Criteria:

* Those patients with severe physical and/or mental impairments which preclude participation in a program of physical therapy (as determined by a primary physician) will NOT be eligible for participation.
* Unable to participate in the exercise program due to conflicting schedules (e.g. full-time employment, on dialysis)
* Serious life limiting illness
* Patients seen at ED due to road traffic accidents
* Unable to walk even with assistance
* Not community dwelling prior to ED visit
* Total blindness
* Needs emergency inpatient surgery and, if admitted to the hospital, the illness or disability is one from which they are not expected to recover basic ADLs or weight bearing in the lower extremity within the next one month.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Target group are community-dwelling senior citizens aged 65 years or above with an increased risk of falling.
* Increased risk of falling are seen by:

  * history of falls
  * fear of falling
  * chair rise \> 10 sec./TUG \> 10 sec./ subjective \& objective balance deficits

Exclusion Criteria:

* Elderly people not living independently or suffering from physical or mental restrictions that do not allow the participation in an exercise program or the assessment of risk of falling

Answer: D