Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Early Rehabilitation After Hip Fracture: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Different Vitamin D and Rehabilitation Programs
Brief Summary: The aim of this study is to compare a low versus high intensity physiotherapy early rehabilitation program combined with a low versus high dose vitamin D early rehabilitation program in a randomized controlled trial among elderly patients with acute hip fracture in an acute care setting. The primary outcome to be compared between treatment arms is the rate of falls during a 12-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes are injurious falls, number of persons who fell, low-trauma fractures (at the hip, forearm, humerus, pelvis, ankle, spine, femur, tibia), disability, quality of life (Euro-Qol), mortality and health care utilization. Another secondary outcome will be admission to nursing home compared between treatment arms among subjects, who are community-dwelling prior to the index hip fracture. Admission to nursing home is the marker of loss of independence for the individual, but also triggers high cost for the society.

The study will provide new early rehabilitation guidelines to allocate health care resources efficiently in the acute care setting. Eventually and most importantly, the study will help improve outcomes in patients with hip fractures.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with an acute low-energy hip fracture (intracapsular, trochanteric or subtrochanteric) and treated surgically, ≥ 65 years of age, living in their own homes prior to the fracture, and able to give an informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients unable to walk 10 meters with or without a walking aid prior to the fracture, have a score of less than 15 points on Minimal Mental Status Evaluation (MMS-E) in the acute phase, have a pathological fracture, life expectancies of less than three months, medical contraindications for training, or are incapable of understanding and speaking the Norwegian language.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient has had surgery for a unilateral hip fracture, and is considered to be partially or fully weight bearing after the surgery
* Surgical repair of the fracture has occurred no more than 4 days post hip fracture
* Prior to starting the study medication, the patient is enrolled in a rehabilitation program (as an in-patient or as an out-patient)
* Patient is judged to have been able to ambulate independently at home prior to their hip fracture (able to walk indoors in a familiar setting with little or no aid from another person)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient has an unstable medical condition
* Patient has a hip fracture that is due to bone pathology other than osteoporosis (e.g., malignancy, or Paget's Disease), or major trauma (e.g. motor vehicle accident).
* Patient has Type I diabetes
* Patient has Type II diabetes with any of conditions;

  1. Patient is currently taking more than one anti-hyperglycemic agent, or is taking a single combination anti-hyperglycemic drug containing more than one anti-hyperglycemic medication
  2. Patient is currently receiving insulin. Note: A short-term course of insulin required for glycemic control post hip fracture surgery is not exclusionary
  3. Patient has diabetic retinopathy
  4. Patient is unwilling or unable to monitor glucose at home
* Patient has been diagnosed with any neuromuscular or neurological disease causing muscle weakness
* Patient has cancer, or had a diagnosis of any malignancy within the last 5 years, except for adequately treated basal cell or squamous cell skin cancer, or adequately treated in situ cervical cancer
* Patient has active carpal tunnel syndrome
* Patient was living in a nursing home prior to the hip fracture (Note: - Patients who were living in an assisted-living facility prior to the hip fracture are eligible for enrollment)
* Patient was permanently wheelchair bound prior to the hip fracture
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Home dwelling prior to fracture
* age\>70yr
* able to walk 10m

Exclusion Criteria:

* expected life expectancies \<3 months
* exercises contraindicated due to medical conditions
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 65 years or older
* Acute hip fracture admitted to one hospital center

Exclusion Criteria:

* A Folstein Mini Mental Score of less than 15 as an indicator of significant dementia
* Primary hyperparathyroidism
* Current cancer with wasting or bone metastases
* Hyperparathyroidism
* Sarcoidosis
* A kidney stone in the past 5 years or significant renal disease (creatinine clearance below 15 ml/min)
* Hypercalcemia (albumin adjusted) of more than 2.8 mmol/l
* non-surgical treatment
* no German language skills
* severe hearing or visual impairment

Answer: D