Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Transdermal Nitroglycerin and Nifedipine for Managing Preterm Labor: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Brief Summary: One of the important complications of pregnancy is preterm labor (PTL) and delivery. There are different tocolytic agents to enhance the time of delivery. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of transdermal nitroglycerin (glyceryl trinitrate, GTN) and oral nifedipine for managing preterm labor. This was a randomized clinical trial in women admitted with diagnosis of PTL. Group one have received transdermal GTN whereas group two have received oral nifedipine, vital signs, FHR, contractions, dilation and effacement as well as gestation age at the time of delivery have been monitored and evaluated in both groups of patient. Our main goal has been delay of delivery to have the most beneficial effect of primary corticosteroid administration for fetus.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancies with intact membranes in confirmed preterm labor;
* 20 - 32 weeks' gestation;
* Cervical dilatation 0 - 3cm versus 4 - 6cm;
* No conditions contraindicating continued pregnancy (severe IUGR, chorioamnionitis, non-reassuring fetal tracing - physician judgement); AND
* Able and willing to consent to the study protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Failure to meet admission criteria;
* Known serious fetal malformations;
* Severe maternal/obstetric disease affecting the mother or fetus (severe cardiac disease, placental abruption/previa, severe diabetes, severe preeclampsia, etc. - physician judgment);
* Allergic to magnesium, antiprostaglandin or calcium channel antagonist;
* Refusal or inability to consent to the study
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy between completed 24 to 24 weeks
* Successfully treated episode of threatened preterm labour by intravenous preparations
* No uterine contractions

Exclusion Criteria:

* Uterine contractions (painful, clinically palpable, or present on cardiotocography)
* Cervical dilatation of ≥5 cm
* Clinical and laboratory signs of infection defined as offensive vaginal discharge on clinical examination, vaginal pH ≥5, white blood cell (WBC) count \>16×109/L, and C-reactive protein (CRP) \>10 mg/L
* Positive findings of microorganisms rather than normal vaginal flora on high vaginal swab
* Any signs of fetal distress according to cardiotocography, Doppler assessment of blood flow in umbilical artery, and biophysical profile of \<8.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* . Gestational age between 24-37weeks

  * Symptoms such as low backache , cramping ,pelvic pressure, excessive vaginal discharge and vaginal spotting .
  * Regular uterine contractions at least of 30 seconds duration at a rate of more than 4/30 minutes
  * Cervical changes dilatation less than 3cm,effacement lessthan50%.
  * Intact membranes.

Exclusion criteria

* Active vaginal bleeding and placental abruption.
* Chorioamnionitis and intrauterine infection
* Fetal conditions : fetal death or distress, lethal congenital or chromosomal abnormalities and intra uterine growth restriction
* Maternal conditions indicate that pregnancy shouldn't be continued: eclampsia , severe preeclampsia and cardiac diseases
* Drug specific contraindications(contraindication of tocolysis)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* GA between 24 to 34 weeks
* early-onset signs of delivery (≥4 uterine contractions during 20 minutes, ≥1 centimeters (cm) of dilation and effacement over 80%).

Exclusion Criteria:

* maternal or fetal life-threatening conditions which require emergency termination
* multiple pregnancy
* premature rupture of membrane
* fatal anomaly or intra-uterine fetal death
* cervical dilation ≥4 cm
* any tocolytic treatment in previous days and positive allergy to GTN

Answer: D