Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: 12 Months Weight Loss Study Using Feedback Messages Delivered Via Smartphone
Brief Summary: The overall purpose of this randomized clinical trial is to examine the effect and efficacy of the individualized, real-time, smartphone-based feedback of diet and physical activity self-monitoring on subsequent weight-control behaviors, weight loss outcomes and sustainability of patient engagement. Participants will be randomized to one of 2 groups: (1) Self-Monitoring -similar to what many people do on their own, subjects will self-monitor diet, physical activity using Fitbit and weight using a Bluetooth-enabled scale, and (2) Self-Monitoring +Feedback-participants will self-monitor as described for the Self-Monitoring group but also will receive tailored Feedback messages. The Self-Monitoring +Feedback participants will receive up to 4 daily discrete pop-up Feedback messages on the participant's smartphone delivered at random times during waking hours and tailored to content of recorded entries in the subjects' smartphone-based diaries and a weekly summary Feedback message about the participant's weight.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* ages 21-65 years old
* Body Mass Index (BMI) 25-45 kg/m2
* interested in losing weight through dietary change
* current use of iPhone or Android smartphone
* current use of email address
* has daily access to a bathroom scale
* no recent weight loss (≥10 lbs) in the past 6 months
* able to read and write in English
* able to attend 3 in-person evaluation visits at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina over a 3-month period

Exclusion Criteria:

* current participation in another weight loss treatment
* currently pregnant or planning to become pregnant within study period, or \< 1 year post-partum
* history of cardiovascular event, eating disorder, diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, cancer, end stage renal disease
* current uncontrolled hypertension
* use of the MyFitnessPal app to track food in the past 6 months
* Former or planned bariatric surgery
* current use of medication (e.g., lithium, steroids, anti-psychotics)
* use of weight loss medication in past 6 months
* profound cognitive, developmental, or psychiatric disorders or recent hospitalization in a psychiatric facility
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Currently own and regularly use a smartphone
2. Age ≥18 years;
3. BMI \> 27 and \< 43; and
4. Successful completion of a 5-day electronic diary of food intake during a run-in period.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Presence of an unstable condition requiring physician-supervised diet and exercise (e.g., recent myocardial infarction);
2. Physical limitations precluding ability to engage in moderate-intensity physical activity;
3. Pregnancy or intention to become pregnant during study;
4. Current treatment for a serious mental illness (e.g. schizophrenia);
5. Reported alcohol intake \> 4 drinks/day;
6. Participation in a formal weight loss program, loss of ≥ 5% weight in past 6 month, or current use of weight loss medication;
7. History of bariatric surgery in \<5 years,
8. Planned extended vacations, absences, or relocation during study;
9. A score \>16 on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D);
10. Score \>32 on the Eating Habits Checklist, an eating disorder scale administered at baseline. For those who have an elevated BDI score (\>22) or EHC (\>32), we offer referral for counseling.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* English-speaking adults aged 18+ years
* High-risk primary prevention: BMI 35+ and prediabetes (including hx of gestational diabetes) and/or metabolic syndrome
* Secondary prevention: BMI 30+ and type 2 diabetes and/or cardiovascular disease
* Able and willing to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Medical determination that the study is inappropriate or unsafe for the patient
* Type 1 diabetes
* Safety concerns related to significant physical or mental health issues or life expectancy of less than 12 months
* Currently pregnant or lactating
* No regular telephone or broadband Internet access or otherwise unable to participate in the intervention
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants must be interested in the Noom app
* BMI \> 27 kg/m2
* Ages of 18 and 60 at entry to the study
* Speak English

Exclusion Criteria:

* Contraindication to smartphone use (e.g., seizures from prior smartphone use, do not own a smartphone)
* Acute suicide risk
* Pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study
* Current Noom use

Answer: B