Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Comparative Effectiveness Research of Rehabilitation Methods and Prevention of Refracture After Fractures in Elderly Patients
Brief Summary: A number of studies for clinical pathway (CP) after hip fracture have been suggested to improve post-fracture outcome. However, CP is not carried out properly in most countries due to inadequate system and awareness, and lack of interdisciplinary approach among orthopaedists, geriatricians and rehabilitation specialists. Thus, we developed Fragility fracture integrated rehabilitation management (FIRM), a new standardized guideline and the multidisciplinary fragility fracture care based on the clinical rehabilitation pathway and conducted a prospective study to evaluate the effects of FIRM compared to conventional rehabilitation.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Inclusion on cluster level requires the written agreement to participate form the hospital management, the medical head of the division and the head nurse
* Next to this, they have to agree that they will not develop and implement a care pathway for COPD- exacerbation of PFF within the time frame of the study when randomized in the control group
* Finally, the participating hospitals need an expected volume of more than one hundred COPD-exacerbation or PFF patients annually.
* To have a comparable sample across all clusters, the following inclusion criteria on individual level are set:

  1. All professionals that according to the medical head of the division and head nurse are member of the interprofessional team caring for COPD-exacerbation or PFF patients from admission until discharge out of the acute hospital ward
  2. To be part of the interprofessional care team is further conceptualized as being part of the group of clinicians and staff who have a shared clinical purpose and direct care responsibilities for the respective patient group during the set time period
  3. All individual participants need to be member of the team during one specific week, where patients are being followed for the two other trials of the EQCP-project (8). This specific week is chosen by the study coordinator and can be defined as an average week, with normal staff ratios
  4. Because we want to study interprofessional teamwork, each cluster is asked to minimally include the orthopedic surgeons/pneumologists, head nurse, nurses, physiotherapists and social workers in their sample. Based on their own judgment, the chief medical doctor, in consensus with the head nurse, can decide to include other professional groups in their sample
  5. In some hospitals COPD-exacerbation or PFF patients are being admitted at multiple nursing wards, e.g. due to capacity problems or other organizational issues. If that is the case, then the clusters are asked to only include these team members that are working on the ward where the respective patient groups are being admitted most frequently.

Exclusion Criteria:

* All team members that are not working (e.g. on leave) during the chosen week
* All team members who are only temporarily part of the team (e.g. student nurses in training).
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with an acute low-energy hip fracture (intracapsular, trochanteric or subtrochanteric) and treated surgically, ≥ 65 years of age, living in their own homes prior to the fracture, and able to give an informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients unable to walk 10 meters with or without a walking aid prior to the fracture, have a score of less than 15 points on Minimal Mental Status Evaluation (MMS-E) in the acute phase, have a pathological fracture, life expectancies of less than three months, medical contraindications for training, or are incapable of understanding and speaking the Norwegian language.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Type of fracture : Femoral neck, intertrochanteric, subtrochanteric fracture
2. Type of surgery : Bipolar hemiarthroplasty, THA, ORIF

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Surgery not for hip fracture, but for infection, arthritis, implant loosening, AVN
2. Femur Shaft fracture, acetabular fracture, periprosthetic fracture, pathologic fracture for tumor
3. Combined multiple fracture (ex. Upper extremity)
4. Revision operation
5. Disagree to participation for clinical trial
6. Severe cognitive dysfunction (Obey command ≤1)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* presenting with acute hip fracture
* aged 65 or more
* able to speak and understand Swedish
* community dwelling pre-fracture
* independent walking indoors with or without walking aid and in personal care with exception of bathing/showering.

Exclusion Criteria:

* severe drug or alcohol abuse
* mental illness
* documented cognitive impairment ≤ 8 according to the Short Portable Mental Status Questionnaire (SPMSQ)

Answer: C