Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Phase II/III Randomized Trial of Two Doses of MK-3475 (SCH900475) Versus Docetaxel in Previously Treated Subjects With Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer
Brief Summary: This study compared two doses of pembrolizumab (MK-3475) versus docetaxel in participants with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who had experienced disease progression after platinum-containing systemic therapy. Participants were assigned randomly to receive either pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg once every three weeks (Q3W), pembrolizumab 10 mg/kg Q3W or docetaxel 75 mg/m\^2 Q3W. The total number of participants randomized depended upon demonstration of sufficient objective responses at an interim analysis.

Eligible participants who were allocated to the first course of pembrolizumab (2 mg/kg Q3W or 10 mg/kg Q3W) and experienced disease progression, to be permitted to receive a second course of pembrolizumab as long as Inclusion/Exclusion criteria were met.

Protocol Amendment 12 (effective date: 09 Dec 2015) enabled eligible participants who were allocated to docetaxel and experienced disease progression, to be permitted to switch over to receive pembrolizumab 2 mg/kg Q3W as long as Inclusion/Exclusion criteria were met.

With Protocol Amendment 15 (effective date: 03 Jan 2018), all second course and switch over participants will receive pembrolizumab 200 mg Q3W. Response or progression during the second and switch over pembrolizumab courses will not count towards efficacy outcome measures, and adverse events during the second and switch over pembrolizumab courses will not count towards safety outcome measures.

Also with Amendment 15, once a participant has achieved the study objective or the study has ended, the participant will be discontinued from this study and enrolled in an extension study (Keynote 587; NCT03486873) to continue protocol-defined assessments and treatment. Switch over participants who have not transitioned to pembrolizumab will be considered for the extension study on a case-by-case basis.

The primary study hypotheses are that pembolizumab prolongs Overall Survival (OS) and Progression-free Survival (PFS) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors Version 1.1 (RECIST 1.1) by independent radiologists' review in previously-treated participants with NSCLC in the strongly positive programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) stratum compared to docetaxel and in participants whose tumors express PD-L1 compared to docetaxel.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria

* In Part A: Histological or cytological diagnosis of MEL or any type of carcinoma, progressive metastatic disease, or progressive locally advanced disease not amenable to local therapy. In Parts B and D of the study, histological or cytological diagnoses of metastatic MEL with progressive locally advanced or metastatic disease. In Parts C and F, histological or cytological diagnosis of NSCLC. In Part F1, participants with Stage IV NSCLC without prior systemic therapy may be eligible.
* Failure of established standard medical anti-cancer therapies for a given tumor type or intolerance to such therapy.
* In Parts B, C, D, or F of the study, MEL or NSCLC must be measurable by imaging.
* In Part F of the study, NSCLC with PD-L1 gene expression.
* Performance status of 0 or 1 on the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Scale.
* Adequate organ function.
* Female participants of childbearing potential should have a negative urine or serum pregnancy test prior to receiving study medication
* Female participants of childbearing potential must be willing to use adequate contraception from study start, through the course of the study, and for 120 days after the last dose of study medication
* Male participants of childbearing potential must agree to use adequate contraception from the first dose of study medication through 120 days after the last dose of study medication

Exclusion Criteria

* Chemotherapy, radioactive, or biological cancer therapy within 4 weeks prior to the first dose of study therapy, or not recovered to Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Grade 1 or better from the adverse events caused by therapy administered more than 4 weeks prior to first dose.
* Participation in a study of an investigational agent or using an investigational device within 30 days of administration of pembrolizumab, with the exception of participants in the follow-up phase.
* Other form(s) of antineoplastic therapy anticipated during the period of the study.
* History of non-infectious pneumonitis requiring treatment with steroids, or has a history of interstitial lung disease.
* Medical condition that requires chronic systemic steroid therapy, or on any other form of immunosuppressive medication, excepting use of inhaled steroids.
* Risk factors for bowel obstruction or bowel perforation (including a history of acute diverticulitis, intra-abdominal abscess, abdominal carcinomatosis).
* History of a hematologic malignancy, malignant primary brain tumor, malignant sarcoma, or another malignant primary solid tumor, unless no evidence of that disease for 5 years.
* Active central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis.
* Previous severe hypersensitivity reaction to another monoclonal antibody (mAb).
* Active autoimmune disease or a documented history of autoimmune disease or syndrome that requires systemic steroids or immunosuppressive agents, except vitiligo or resolved childhood asthma/atopy.
* Prior therapy with another anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1 agent or previously enrolled in any pembrolizumab trial.
* Active infection requiring therapy.
* Positive for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B (Hepatitis B Surface Antigen \[HBsAg\] reactive), or Hepatitis C virus (Hepatitis C Virus Ribonucleic Acid \[HCV RNA\] (qualitative) is detected).
* Regular use of illicit drugs or a recent history (within the last year) of substance abuse (including alcohol).
* Symptomatic ascites or pleural effusion.
* Participant is pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the study.
B: For more information regarding BMS clinical trial participation, please visit www.BMSStudyConnect.com

Inclusion Criteria:

* Newly diagnosed and confirmed Stage IIIB/IV NSCLC
* Previously treated NSCLC with asymptomatic brain metastases (eligible for Arm M) See additional details below
* Men and women aged ≥18 years
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 to 1
* Subject must be chemotherapy naive (except Arm D, K, L and M). Prior use of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) is acceptable. For Arms D, K, and L, subjects must be non-progressors within 42 days after completion of first-line treatment with ≥4 cycles of Platinum Doublet chemotherapy with or without Bevacizumab. See below for Arm M
* Either a formalin fixed tissue block or a minimum of 10 slides of tumor sample (archived or fresh) must be available for biomarker evaluation (a local pathologist must review for adequacy of sampling)
* Life expectancy of at least 3 months
* Prior radiotherapy must have been completed at least 2 weeks prior to study entry

For Arm M:

* No more than 4 brain metastases
* Each brain metastases ≤3 cm in size
* No evidence of cerebral edema
* Subjects must be free of neurologic symptoms related to metastatic brain lesions and must not have required or received systemic corticosteroids for ≥10 days prior to initiation of study treatment
* At least 1 measurable target brain lesion \>0.5 cm and no larger than 3 cm in diameter and/or 2 measurable brain target lesions \>0.3 cm
* No prior radiation therapy, surgery, or other local therapy for target brain lesions
* Must have received at least one prior systemic anticancer therapy for NSCLC

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects with symptomatic brain metastases, spinal cord compression, or intractable back pain due to a compressive or destructive mass
* Subjects who require emergent use of systemic steroids, emergent surgery and/or radiotherapy
* Any active or history of a known autoimmune disease
* Subjects with previous malignancies (except non-melanoma skin cancers, in situ bladder cancer, gastric, or colon cancers or cervical cancers/dysplasia, or breast carcinoma in situ) are excluded unless a complete remission was achieved at least 2 years prior to study entry and no additional therapy is required or anticipated to be required during the study period
* History of Grade ≥2 neuropathy
* Subjects with interstitial lung disease that is symptomatic or may interfere with the detection or management of suspected drug-related pulmonary toxicity
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Life expectancy of at least 3 months
* Histologically- or cytologically-confirmed diagnosis of NSCLC that is anti-programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) positive per central laboratory review
* At least one bi-dimensional measurable lesion
* Radiographic progression after treatment with at least 2 cycles of a platinum-containing doublet
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) Performance Status of 0 or 1

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior therapy with docetaxel for NSCLC
* Receiving systemic steroid therapy within 3 days prior to the first dose of study treatment or receiving any other form of immunosuppressive medication
* Currently participating or has participated in a study using an investigational antineoplastic agent or device within 30 days of first dose
* Expected to require any other form of systemic or localized antineoplastic therapy while on trial
* History of allogeneic tissue/solid organ transplant
* Prior systemic cytotoxic chemotherapy, antineoplastic biological therapy (e.g., cetuximab), major surgery within 3 weeks of the first dose of study drug; received thoracic radiation therapy of \>30 Gy within 6 months of the first dose of study drug; received prior tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy or completed palliative radiotherapy within 7 days of the first dose of study drug
* Prior therapy with an anti-programmed cell death (PD)-1, anti-PD-L1, anti-PD-L2, anti-tumor necrosis factor CD137, or anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) antibody (including ipilimumab or any other antibody or drug specifically targeting T-cell co-stimulation or checkpoint pathways), or took part in another pembrolizumab trial
* Known history of prior malignancy, with the exception of basal cell carcinoma of the skin, superficial bladder cancer, squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, or in situ cervical cancer, and has undergone potentially curative therapy with no evidence of that disease recurrence for 5 years since initiation of that therapy
* Known active central nervous system (CNS) metastases and/or carcinomatous meningitis
* Active autoimmune disease, or a documented history of autoimmune disease, or a syndrome that requires systemic steroids or immunosuppressive agents
* Interstitial lung disease, or history of pneumonitis requiring systemic steroids for treatment
* Known history or active human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B, or hepatitis C
* Pregnant or breastfeeding, or expecting to conceive or father children within the projected duration of the trial through 120 days after last dose of pembrolizumab or 180 days after last dose of docetaxel
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Men and women ≥18 years of age
* Subjects with histologically or cytologically-documented squamous cell NSCLC who present with Stage IIIB/IV disease or with recurrent or progressive disease following multimodal therapy (radiation therapy, surgical resection or definitive chemoradiation therapy for locally advanced disease)
* Disease recurrence or progression during/after one prior platinum doublet-based chemotherapy regimen for advanced or metastatic disease
* Measurable disease by computed tomography (CT)/Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) per Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) 1.1 criteria
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status ≤1
* A formalin fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue block or unstained slides of tumor sample (archival or recent) must be available for biomarker evaluation. Specimens must be received by the central lab prior to randomization. Biopsy should be excisional, incisional or core needle. Fine needle aspiration is insufficient

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects with untreated central nervous system (CNS) metastases are excluded. Subjects are eligible if CNS metastases are treated and subjects are neurologically returned to baseline for at least 2 weeks prior to enrollment. In addition, subjects must be either off corticosteroids, or on a stable or decreasing dose of ≤10 mg daily prednisone (or equivalent)
* Subjects with carcinomatous meningitis
* Subjects with active, known or suspected autoimmune disease. Subjects with type I diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism only requiring hormone replacement, skin disorders (such as vitiligo, psoriasis, or alopecia) not requiring systemic treatment, or conditions not expected to recur in the absence of an external trigger are permitted to enroll
* Subjects with a condition requiring systemic treatment with either corticosteroids or other immunosuppressive medications within 14 days of randomization
* Prior therapy with anti-Programmed death-1 (PD-1), anti-Programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), anti-Programmed cell death ligand 2 (PD-L2), anti-CD137, or anti-Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) antibody (including ipilimumab or any other antibody or drug specifically targeting T-cell co-stimulation or checkpoint pathways)
* Prior treatment on the first line study CA184104 first line NSCLC study
* Prior treatment with Docetaxel
* Subjects with interstitial lung disease that is symptomatic or may interfere with the detection or management of suspected drug-related pulmonary toxicity
* Treatment with any investigational agent within 14 days of first administration of study treatment

Answer: C