Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Resistance Training in Radically Treated Respiratory Cancer Patients: a Prospective Randomized Multicenter Study
Brief Summary: The first part of the study is an observational part. In eligible patients with early stage respiratory cancer, the primary and secondary endpoints will be evaluated before and after their scheduled radical cancer therapy. The measured variables, include a blood sample, pulmonary function tests, level of dyspnea, exercise tests, measurement of body composition, respiratory and peripheral muscle force, health related quality of life and psychological status. Only registered participants having completed a radical treatment and having either less than 70% of the predicted normal value of the quadriceps force (QF) or a decrease of more than 10% predicted value of the QF between pre-and post radical treatment, will be allowed to participate to the second part of the study. These patients will then be randomized in three groups. Group A, the control group, will have the usual care and follow up according to clinical symptoms. Group B will be offered a conventional resistance training program (CRT), and group C, will be offered a whole body vibration resistance training (WBV) on the FITVIBE-platform. All previous variables will be measured after 6 and 12 weeks of training.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* All patients listed to undergo elective rectal cancer resection and long course neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in the two NHS teaching hospitals (Aintree University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and Southampton University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable to consent.
* Under 18 years of age.
* Unable to perform exercise.
* Any contraindications on the American Thoracic Surgery CPET safety guidelines.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with non-small cell or small cell lung cancer or mesothelioma candidate for radical treatment

  * either by surgical resection with or without perioperative chemotherapy
  * or by thoracic radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy
* Between 18 and 80 years of age
* Written informed consent

Supplementary criteria for PART II:

* Treatment for their cancer considered radical

  * either by surgical resection with or without perioperative chemotherapy
  * or by thoracic radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy
* having less than 70% of the predicted normal value of the Quadriceps Force (QF) or a decrease of more than 10% predicted value of the QF between the baseline and post-radical therapy measurement of QF
* Post treatment assessment maximum 14 days after radical treatment or between 6th and 8th week after radical treatment if the latter consists only of surgical resection

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients presenting with one or more of the following will be excluded:

* Severe anemia (Hb below 8 g/dl)
* Fever (\> 38°C)
* Cachexia (loss of more than 35% of premorbid weight)
* Severe cardiac, neurological and orthopedic co-morbidity interfering with exercise training.
* A pacemaker, hip, knee of shoulder prosthesis or recently introduced spirals, metal pens, bolts or plates
* Uncontrolled diabetes, epilepsy or migraine
* Uncontrolled vertebral diseases (osteoporotic or metastatic fractures, acute hernia, discopathy, spondylitis)
* Open wounds
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Consenting patients with surgically resectable oesophageal and gastric cancers referred to a tertiary NHS referral service who are deemed by their clinician to be suitable for pre-operative neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)prior to their planned surgery.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with cancers deemed to have surgically non-resectable disease, patients refusing chemotherapy, patients unable to perform cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) due to other coincident illness or conditions (e.g. arthritis), patients refusing surgery, patients withholding consent. Patients unable to give informed consent due to mental incapacity. Prisoners will be excluded. Patients in whom haemoglobin drops by \>2g/dl between Visit 1 and visit 2.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

The study sample will be composed of 325 women, younger than 50 years of age, with histologically confirmed primary breast cancer (stages: T1 - T4, N0 - N1 and M0). All women will have been premenopausal at the time of diagnosis, have completed adjuvant chemotherapy (with the exception of herceptin, which can continue to receive) a minimum of 4 months and a maximum of 5 years prior to study entry. Women may currently be receiving adjuvant hormonal therapy. All women should be disease-free at time of study entry. Potentially eligible women will be screened for the presence of at least one of the following 3 menopausal symptoms during the previous 2-month period: hot flushes, sweating and/or vaginal dryness.

Exclusion Criteria:

Women will be excluded from the study if they lack basic proficiency in Dutch, if they have serious cognitive or psychiatric problems, or serious physical comorbidity that would preclude them from participating in a physical exercise program. Since physical exercise may be contraindicated as a treatment for hot flushes in obese women, 49 patients with a BMI ≥ 30 will be excluded from the study. Patients participating in concurrent studies or rehabilitation programs containing psychosocial interventions will also be excluded.

Answer: B