Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Prevenció Dels Problemes Relacionats Amb Alcohol a urgències.
Brief Summary: Alcohol use and its consequences represent an important public health problem. As well as alcohol dependence, hazardous drinking also contributes to a high burden in terms of morbidity and mortality. To improve these patients' prognosis and decrease associated social and health care costs, it is necessary to increase early detection, intervention and treatment for these problems. For these reasons, SBIRT programmes (Screening Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment) have been developed, evaluated and shown to be effective, particularly in primary care and general practice. Nevertheless, effectiveness of SBIRT in emergency departments (ED) has not been clearly established.

The investigators aimed to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of an SBIRT programme in the ED of a tertiary hospital.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* First arrest for driving under the influence of alcohol
* Arrest involved operation of a motor vehicle
* At least 18 years of age
* English-speaking

Exclusion Criteria:

* Arrest involved injury to another person
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* All patients aged 18 or older attending to the emergency department were potentially eligible patients
* Patients with an AUDIT-C score higher than 6 points for men and 5 for woman were invited to participate

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cognitive impairment
* Medically unstable
* Patients explicitly demanding alcohol treatment
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* high school students anticipating graduation within 3 months, drop outs or graduates
* males must report at least one day drinking 5 or more standard drinks in past month
* females must report at least one day drinking 4 or more standard drinks in past month

Exclusion Criteria:

* plans to enroll at traditional 4-year college within 12 months
* plans to enter military within next 12 months
* plans to move more than 1 hour from current location in within 12 months
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* ages 18-44
* fertile
* can provide informed consent
* had vaginal intercourse with a man in the past 3 months
* uses ineffective or no contraception
* speaks and reads English
* reports drinking more than seven standard drinks per week on average or more than one binge drinking episode (more than 3 standard drinks on one occasion) during the past 3 months
* if opioid dependent with recent use, is enrolled in opiate agonist treatment
* planning to remain available for the follow-up period

Exclusion Criteria:

* pregnancy
* cognitive disorders including mental retardation, dementia, or active -psychosis that could impair ability to understand the intervention material or give informed consent
* current Major Depressive Disorder that could diminish responsiveness to interventions focused on promoting change
* currently opioid dependent with active use and not engaged in opiate agonist treatment
* concurrently participating in another behavioral intervention study during the study period targeting drinking or contraception efficacy that could interfere with or augment the intervention in the EARLY project.

Answer: B