Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Tai Chi Mind-Body Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: a Pilot Single-blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study was to compare the safety and effectiveness of Tai Chi with an Attention Control intervention consisting of a stretching and wellness education program involving 40 patients with osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee. We hypothesized that the participants receiving Tai Chi would show greater improvement in knee pain, physical and psychological functioning, and health-related quality of life than participants in the Attention Control group, and that the benefit would be mediated by effects on muscle function, musculoskeletal flexibility and mental health.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Osteoarthritis of hip or knee according to the clinical criteria of the American College of Rheumatology

Exclusion Criteria:

* other pathology explaining the complaints;
* complaints in less than 10 out of 30 days;
* treatment for these complaints with exercise therapy in the preceding six months;
* under 50 or over 80 years of age;
* indication for hip or knee replacement within one year;
* contraindication for exercise therapy;
* inability to understand the Dutch language;
* a high level of physical function (since patients who perform at a high level of physical function at baseline do not need to increase their level of physical function. A high level of physical function was operationalized on a score of less than two on the sections walking ability and physical function of the Algofunctional index)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Symptomatic osteoarthritis of the hip(s) or knee(s) according to American College of Rheumatology (ACR) clinical and radiographic (hip) criteria.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently participating in recreational physical activity more than twice a week.
* Unable to walk indoors for more than 10 minutes without a walking aid.
* Unable to exercise at a moderate level due to major co-morbidity.
* Incontinent, afraid of water or uncontrolled epilepsy.
* Low back pain referring to limbs.
* Joint replacement surgery in past year.
* Arthroscopic surgery or intra-articular injections in knee or hip in past 3 months.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Between 40 and 80 years old with uni- or bilateral hip disability
* Harris Hip Score (36) between 60 and 95. Harris Hip score (0-100 points) is widely used as an assessment of hip function in patients with hip OA. Harris Hip Score of 60 or below are used regularly at our institution as one of the criteria for hip surgery (arthroplasty).
* Patients will be included if they have more than 3 months of hip pain.
* Patients with radiographic verified hip OA (Danielson's criteria for radiographic OA: Danielsson's criteria for minimal joint space: \< 4 mm \< 70 years, \< 3 mm ≥ 70 years, or 1 mm difference between hips).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients have a history of resent trauma or functional impairment to the lower limbs or diseases which might interfere with participation (rheumatoid arthritis, cancer, osteoporosis, severe back pain, knee OA).
* Patients with co-morbidities not tolerating physical activities
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 55 or older
* Body Mass Index (BMI) \<= 40 kg/m
* Pain on more than half the days of the past month during at least one of the following activities (walking, going up or down stairs, standing upright, or in bed at night
* Radiographic evidence of knee OA, defined as the presence of osteophytes in the tibiofemoral compartment and/or the patellofemoral compartment, as assessed on standing anterior/posterior and lateral views
* WOMAC pain subscale score, at least 1 of 5 (range 0 to 100 each) \>= 40 (visual analog version)
* Physically able to participate in both the Tai Chi and stretching and education programs
* Willing to complete the 12-week study, including twice a week Tai Chi or stretching and education sessions
* Willing to abstain from Tai Chi until completion of the program, if randomized to the stretching and education sessions
* Willing to abstain from stretching and education sessions until completion of the program, if randomized to Tai Chi

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior experience with Tai Chi or other similar types of Complementary and Alternative Medicine such as Qi gong, yoga, and acupuncture since these share some of the principles of Tai Chi
* Dementia, neurological disease, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary disease, metabolic disease, renal disease, liver disease, or other serious medical conditions limiting ability to participate in either the Tai Chi or stretching programs as determined by primary care physicians
* Any intra-articular steroid injections in the previous 3 months or reconstructive surgery on the affected knee
* Any intra-articular Synvisc or Hyalgan injections in the previous 6 months
* Inability to pass the Mini-Mental Status examination (with a score below 24)
* Enrollment in any other clinical trial within the last 30 days
* Plan to permanently relocate from the region during the trial period
* Non English Speaking

Answer: D