Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Psychological Intervention for Persons at Risk of Psychosis in the Early Initial Prodromal State
Brief Summary: The purpose of this randomized controlled trial is to develop a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for persons with at risk mental states in the early initial prodromal state and to evaluate CBT in comparison to supportive counselling (SC).It is hypothesized that CBT is more effective than SC on transition to subthreshold psychosis, psychosis and schizophrenia as well as on prodromal symptoms and social adjustment.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria of the participants include those who:

* Hong Kong Chinese residents, aged 18-60;
* taking care of and living with a family member primarily diagnosed with one psychotic disorder in the past 5 years (for Phase 1, patients with recent-onset \[12 months\] or first-episode psychosis will be recruited);
* able to read and understand Cantonese/Mandarin; and
* perceived a moderate to high burden of care (measured by Family Burden Interview Schedule (\>20 out of 50 scores)

Exclusion criteria of family caregivers include:

* those received or are receiving another family intervention;
* those are having cognitive impairment or learning disability; and/or
* those presented with a recent personal history of a serious mental illness or medical disease that may adversely affect their ability to participate in the intervention.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* meet SIPS criteria for schizophrenia prodrome

Exclusion Criteria:

* history of psychosis
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. General criteria

   * Age between 17 and 36 years
   * male or female, in- or outpatients
   * written informed consent, for patients below 18 years also signed by their parents
2. Special criteria (presented within the last three months prior to the study)

   1. Self-experienced neuropsychological deficits (basic symptoms)

      * Thought interferences
      * Compulsory like perseverance of thoughts
      * Thought pressure
      * Thought blockages
      * Disturbances of receptive language, either heard or read
      * Decreased ability to discriminate between ideas and perception, fantasy and true memories
      * Unstable ideas of reference (subject-centrism)
      * Derealisation
      * Visual perceptual disturbances (blurred vision, transitory blindness, partial seeing, hypersensitivity of light, etc..)
      * Acoustic perceptual disturbances (hypersensitivity to sounds or noise (hypersensitivity to sounds or noise, acoasms, etc.) AND/OR
   2. Reduction in the Global Assessment of Functioning Score (DSM IV) of at least 30 points (within the past year) and at least one of the following risk factors:

      * First-degree relative with a lifetime-diagnosis of schizophrenia or
      * a schizophrenia spectrum disorder
      * Pre-or perinatal complications

Exclusion Criteria:

* Attenuated or transient positive symptomes
* Present or past diagnosis of a schizophrenic, schizophreniform, schizoaffective, delusional or bipolar according to DSM IV
* Present or past diagnosis a brief psychotic disorder according to DSM IV with a duration of more than one week or within the last 4 weeks regardless of its duration
* Diagnosis of delirium, dementia, amnestic or other cognitive disorder, mental retardation psychiatric disorder due to a somatic factor or related to the consumption of psychotropic substances according DSM IV
* Alcohol- or drug abuse within the last three months prior to inclusion according to DSM IV
* Deases of the central nervous system (inflammatory, traumatic, epilepsy etc.)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Confirmed SCID DSM-IV clinical diagnosis by trained remote clinical assessor of:

  * schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, schizophreniform disorder, brief psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder NOS
* Any duration of untreated psychosis
* Any ethnicity
* Ability to participate in research assessments in English
* Ability to provide fully informed consent (assent for those under age 18)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Inability to understand what research participation entails or correctly answer the questions about research participation that are part of the Study Information Review and provide fully informed consent
* More than 4 months of prior cumulative treatment with antipsychotic medications
* Diagnosis of bipolar disorder, psychotic depression or substance-induced psychotic disorder
* Current psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition
* Current neurological disorders that would affect diagnosis or prognosis. These would include, but are not limited to seizure disorders, dementing or degenerative disorders, lesions or substantial congenital abnormalities. In most cases, disorders such as headache disorders would not require protocol exclusion
* Clinically significant head trauma
* Any other serious medical condition that in the opinion of the investigator would seriously impair functioning making the patient unsuitable for the trial

Answer: C