Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A 12-week Treatment, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group Study to Assess the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Indacaterol (150 and 300 µg Once Daily [od]) in Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Brief Summary: This study was designed to provide pivotal confirmation of efficacy and safety data for 2 doses of indacaterol (150 and 300 µg once daily \[od\]) in patients with moderate to severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Data from this study will be used for the registration of indacaterol in Japan.


Options:
A: Inclusion criteria:

* Male or female patients, 40 years of age or older.
* Diagnosis of COPD with a documented post-bronchodilator Forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)\< 60% of predicted normal and a post-bronchodilator FEV1/ forced vital capacity (FVC) \<70% at Visit 1
* Documented history of at least one moderate to severe COPD exacerbation in the previous 12 months requiring treatment with systemic corticosteroids and/or antibiotics and/or related hospitalization.
* Symptomatically stable as defined by: no evidence of COPD exacerbation requiring use of either antibiotics and/or steroids 4 weeks prior to visit 1 and no evidence of change in their usual COPD medication 4 weeks prior to visit 1.
* Current or ex-smokers with a smoking history of more than 10 pack years.

Exclusion criteria:

* Significant disease other than COPD.
* Clinically relevant abnormal baseline haematology, blood chemistry or creatinine \> x2 ULN will be excluded regardless of clinical condition. ( A repeat laboratory evaluation can be conducted if deemed necessary by the investigator.)
* Current documented diagnosis of asthma. For patients with allergic rhinitis or atopy, source documentation is required to verify that the patient does not have asthma
* A diagnosis of thyrotoxicosis
* A history of myocardial infarction within 6 months of screening visit.
* Life-threatening cardiac arrhythmia.
* Known active tuberculosis.
* Any malignancy unless free of disease for at least 5 years (patients with treated basal cell carcinoma or squamous cell skin cancers are allowed).
* A history of cystic fibrosis.
* Clinically relevant bronchiectasis.
* Patients with severe emphysema requiring endobronchial interventions within 6 months prior to screening
* A history of significant alcohol or drug abuse in the opinion of the investigator.
* Patients who have undergone thoracotomy with pulmonary resection
* Patients being treated with oral or patch ß-adrenergics.
* Patients being treated with oral corticosteroid medication at unstable doses
* Patients being treated with antibiotics for any reasons within 4 weeks of screening visit
* Patients being treated with PDE4 inhibitors within 3 months of screening visit
* Patients who have taken an investigational drug within one month or six half-lives
* Pregnant or nursing women.
* Women of childbearing potential not using a highly effective method of birth control.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of moderate-to-severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), as classified by the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) guidelines and:

  1. Smoking history of at least 20 pack-years.
  2. Post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) \< 80% and ≥ 30% of the predicted normal value.
  3. Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC (forced vital capacity) \< 70%.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who have been hospitalized for a COPD exacerbation in the 6 weeks prior to screening or during the 14 day run-in period prior to randomization.
* Patients requiring long-term oxygen therapy (\> 15 hours a day) for chronic hypoxemia.
* Patients who have had a respiratory tract infection within 6 weeks prior to screening.
* Patients with concomitant pulmonary disease.
* Patients with a history of asthma.
* Patients with diabetes Type I or uncontrolled diabetes Type II.
* Any patient with lung cancer or a history of lung cancer.
* Any patient with active cancer or a history of cancer with less than 5 years disease-free survival time.
* Patients with a history of long QT syndrome or whose QTc interval (Bazett's) measured at screening or randomization is prolonged.
* Patients who have been vaccinated with live attenuated vaccines within 30 days prior to screening or during the run-in period.
* Patients unable to successfully use a dry powder inhaler device or perform spirometry measurements.

Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria applied to the study.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Type of subject: Outpatient.
* Informed Consent: A signed and dated written informed consent prior to study participation.
* Age: Subjects 40 years of age or older at Visit 1.
* Gender: Male or female subjects. A female is eligible to enter and participate in the study if she is of:

Non-child bearing potential (i.e. physiologically incapable of becoming pregnant, including any female who is post-menopausal or surgically sterile). Surgically sterile females are defined as those with a documented hysterectomy and/or bilateral oophorectomy or tubal ligation. Post-menopausal females are defined as being amenorrhoeic for greater than 1 year with an appropriate clinical profile, e.g. age appropriate, \>45 years, in the absence of hormone replacement therapy.

OR

Child bearing potential, has a negative pregnancy test at screening, and agrees to one of the following acceptable contraceptive methods used consistently and correctly (i.e. in accordance with the approved product label and the instructions of the physician for the duration of the study - screening to follow-up contact):

* Abstinence
* Oral Contraceptive, either combined or progestogen alone
* Injectable progestogen
* Implants of levonorgestrel
* Estrogenic vaginal ring
* Percutaneous contraceptive patches
* Intrauterine device (IUD) or intrauterine system (IUS) that meets the SOP effectiveness criteria as stated in the product label
* Male partner sterilization (vasectomy with documentation of azoospermia) prior to the female subject's entry into the study, and this male is the sole partner for that subject. For this definition, "documented" refers to the outcome of the investigator's/designee's medical examination of the subject or review of the subject's medical history for study eligibility, as obtained via a verbal interview with the subject or from the subject's medical records.
* Double barrier method: condom and an occlusive cap (diaphragm or cervical/vault caps) with a vaginal spermicidal agent (foam/gel/film/cream/suppository)

  * Bronchodilator Treatment: Subjects must have been prescribed tiotropium either via the HandiHaler device or Respimat for at least 3 months prior to screening (Visit 1).
  * COPD Diagnosis: A diagnosis of COPD in accordance with the definition by the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society \[Celli, 2004\].
  * Smoking History: Current or former cigarette smokers with a history of cigarette smoking of ≥10 pack-years \[number of pack years = (number of cigarettes per day /20) x number of years smoked (e.g., 20 cigarettes per day for 10 years, or 10 cigarettes per day for 20 years)\]. Previous smokers are defined as those who have stopped smoking for at least 6 months prior to Visit 1.

Note: Pipe and/or cigar use cannot be used to calculate pack-year history

* Severity of Disease: A pre and post-albuterol/salbutamol FEV₁/FVC ratio of \<0.70 and post-albuterol/salbutamol FEV₁ of ≤70% and ≥50% predicted normal values calculated using reference equations at Visit 1 \[Quanjer, 2012\].
* Dyspnoea: A score of ≥1 on the Modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale (mMRC) at Visit 1.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy: Women who are pregnant or lactating or are planning on becoming pregnant during the study.
* Asthma: A current diagnosis of asthma.
* Other Respiratory Disorders: Known α-1 antitrypsin deficiency, active lung infections (such as tuberculosis), and lung cancer are absolute exclusionary conditions. A subject who, in the opinion of the investigator, has any other significant respiratory conditions in addition to COPD should be excluded. Examples may include clinically significant bronchiectasis, pulmonary hypertension, sarcoidosis, or interstitial lung disease. Allergic rhinitis is not exclusionary.
* Other Diseases/Abnormalities: Subjects with historical or current evidence of clinically significant cardiovascular, neurological, psychiatric, renal, hepatic, immunological, endocrine (including uncontrolled diabetes or thyroid disease) or hematological abnormalities that are uncontrolled and/or a previous history of cancer in remission for \<5 years prior to Visit 1 (localized carcinoma of the skin that has been resected for cure is not exclusionary). Significant is defined as any disease that, in the opinion of the investigator, would put the safety of the subject at risk through participation, or which would affect the efficacy or safety analysis if the disease/condition exacerbated during the study.
* Exacerbations: Has had more than 1 moderate or severe COPD exacerbation in the past 12 months. Subjects with a moderate exacerbation within 6 weeks or severe exacerbations within 10 weeks prior to Visit 1 are excluded from study.

A moderate COPD exacerbation is defined as worsening symptoms of COPD that require treatment with oral/systemic corticosteroids and/or antibiotics. A severe exacerbation is defined as worsening symptoms of COPD that require in-patient hospitalization.

* Contraindications: A history of allergy or hypersensitivity to any anticholinergic/muscarinic receptor antagonist, beta2-agonist, lactose/milk protein or magnesium stearate or a medical condition such as narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hypertrophy or bladder neck obstruction that, in the opinion of the study physician contraindicates study participation or use of an inhaled anticholinergic.
* Lung Resection: Subjects with lung volume reduction surgery within the 12 months prior to Screening (Visit 1).
* 12-Lead ECG: An abnormal and significant ECG finding from the 12-lead ECG conducted at Visit 1, including the presence of a paced rhythm on a 12-lead ECG which causes the underlying rhythm and ECG to be obscured. Investigators will be provided with ECG reviews conducted by a centralized independent cardiologist to assist in evaluation of subject eligibility. Specific ECG findings that preclude subject eligibility are listed in Appendix 3. The study investigator will determine the medical significance of any ECG abnormalities not listed in Appendix 3.

Appendix 3:

* Sinus tachycardia ≥120 bpm. \*Note: sinus tachycardia ≥120bpm should be confirmed by two additional readings at least 5 minutes apart.
* Sinus bradycardia \<45bpm. \*Note: Sinus bradycardia \<45bpm should be confirmed by two additional readings at least 5 minutes apart.
* Multifocal atrial tachycardia.
* Supraventricular tachycardia (\>100bpm).
* Atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response (rate \>120bpm).
* Atrial flutter with rapid ventricular response (rate \>120bpm).
* Ventricular tachycardias (non sustained, sustained, polymorphic, or monomorphic).
* Ventricular flutter.
* Ventricular fibrillation.
* Torsades de Pointes.
* Evidence of Mobitz type II second degree or third degree atrioventricular (AV) block.
* AV dissociation.
* 2:1 AV block.
* Trifascicular Block.
* For subjects with QRS duration \<120 ms: QTc(F) ≥450msec or an ECG that is unsuitable for QT measurements (e.g., poor defined termination of the T wave).
* For subjects with QRS duration≥120: QTc(F) ≥480msec or an ECG that is unsuitable for QT measurements (e.g., poor defined termination of the T wave).
* Myocardial infarction (acute or recent) \* Note: Evidence of an old (resolved) myocardial infarction is not exclusionary

  * Medication Prior to Spirometry: Unable to withhold albuterol/salbutamol for the 4 hour period required prior to spirometry testing at each study visit.
  * Medications Prior to Screening: Use of the following medications according to the following defined time intervals prior to Visit 1.

Use as maintenance treatment in the 3 months prior to Visit 1 is not permitted. Maintenance treatment is defined as use for ≥ 14 consecutive days (at any time in the 3 months prior to Visit 1).

* Inhaled Corticosteroid (ICS)/Inhaled long acting beta2-agonists combinations
* Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) inhibitors
* LABA
* Other Long acting muscarinic antagonists (does not include tiotropium)
* LAMA/LABA combinations
* Theophyllines
* Oral beta2-agonists (long-acting and short-acting) Use within 12 weeks is not permitted.
* Depot corticosteroids Use within 6 weeks is not permitted.
* Systemic, oral or parenteral corticosteroids
* Antibiotics (for lower respiratory tract infection)
* Cytochrome P450 3A4 strong inhibitors Use within 4 hours is not permitted.
* Inhaled short acting beta2-agonists, short-acting anticholinergics, and short-acting anticholinergic/short- acting beta2-agonist combination products (Use of study provided prn albuterol/salbutamol is permitted during the study, except in the 4-hour period prior to spirometry testing. Subjects who are taking short acting bronchodilators (beta-agonists or muscarinic antagonists) as their only form of bronchodilation at screening may NOT be recruited into the study).

Any other investigational medication use within 30 days or within 5 drug half-lives (whichever is longer) is not permitted

Note: if a LABA, LAMA (non-tiotropium), ICS/LABA, LAMA/LABA, theophylline, oral beta-agonist,or PDE4 inhibitor was taken on a non-maintenance basis (i.e., \< 14 consecutive days over the 3 months prior to screening) the following minimum washouts must be observed prior to visit 1: twice-daily LABAs and ICS/LABAs = 48 hours; once-daily LABAs and ICS/LABAs= 14 days; LAMAs (excluding tiotropium) = 7 days; once-daily LAMA/LABA = 14 days, twice-daily LAMA/LABA = 7days; theophyllines = 48 hours; oral beta2 agonists = 48 hours; PDE4 inhibitor = 14 days.

* Oxygen: Use of long-term oxygen therapy (LTOT) described as oxygen therapy prescribed for greater than 12 hours a day. As-needed oxygen use (i.e., ≤12 hours per day) is not exclusionary.
* Nebulized Therapy: Regular use (prescribed for use every day, not for as-needed use) of short-acting bronchodilators (e.g., albuterol/salbutamol) via nebulized therapy.
* Pulmonary Rehabilitation Program: Participation in the acute phase of a pulmonary rehabilitation program within 12 weeks prior to Visit 1 or are in the maintenance phase of a pulmonary rehabilitation program are excluded.
* Drug or Alcohol Abuse: A known or suspected history of alcohol or drug abuse within 2 years prior to Visit 1.
* Affiliation with Investigator Site: Is an investigator, sub-investigator, study coordinator, employee of a participating investigator or study site, or immediate family member of the aforementioned that is involved in this study.
* Inability to Read: In the opinion of the investigator, any subject who is unable to read and/or write would not be able to complete a questionnaire.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of COPD
* 10 pack-year or greater history of cigarette smoking
* Post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC of \<0.7
* Predicted FEV1 of 70% of normal or less
* Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea score of 2 or greater

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women who are pregnant, lactating, or planning to become pregnant
* Respiratory disorders other than COPD, including a current diagnosis of asthma
* Clinically significant non-respiratory diseases or abnormalities that are not adequately controlled
* Significant allergy or hypersensitivity to anticholinergics, beta2-agonists, or the excipients of magnesium stereate or lactose used in the inhaler delivery device
* Hospitalization for COPD or pneumonia within 12 weeks prior to screening
* Lung volume reduction surgery within 12 weeks prior to screening
* Abnormal and clinically significant ECG findings at screening
* Clinically significant laboratory findings at screening
* Use of systemic corticosteroids, antibiotics for respiratory tract infections, strong cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors, high dose inhaled steroids (\>1000mcg fluticasone propionate or equivalent), PDE4 inhibitors, tiotropium, oral beta2-agoinists, short- and long-acting inhaled beta2-agonists, ipratropium, inhaled sodium cromoglycate or nedocromil sodium, or investigational medicines for defined time periods prior to the screening visit
* Use of long-term oxygen therapy (12 hours or greater per day)
* Regular use of nebulized treatment with short-acting bronchodilators
* Participation in the acute phase of a pulmonary rehabilitation program
* A know or suspected history of alcohol or drug abuse
* Affiliation with the investigational site
* Previous use of GSK573719 or GW642444 alone or in combination, including the combination of fluticasone furoate and GW642444

Answer: B