Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Impact Evaluation of Large-Scale Sanitation and Hygiene Interventions in Peru, Tanzania, Senegal, Vietnam, Indonesia, and India
Brief Summary: This study consists of an impact evaluation (IE) of the Scaling up Handwashing with Soap (HWWS) and Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing (TSSM) projects of the Water and Sanitation Program (WSP) of the World Bank. The objective of this study is to estimate the causal impact of the HWWS and TSSM interventions on the health and welfare of the rural poor in six developing countries: Peru, Tanzania, Senegal, Vietnam, Indonesia, and India. The IE will assess the impact of exposure to the HWWS and TSSM promotion on individual-level hygiene and sanitation practices, and on the health and welfare of children 0-5 years old. By introducing exogenous variation in handwashing and sanitation practices (through exposure to the HWWS and TSSM promotion), the IE will also answer a number of important questions related to the effect of the intended behavioral change (handwashing and improved sanitation) on health and welfare, thus providing information on the extent to which these behaviors alter intended development outcomes. This study uses a cluster-randomized experimental design, whereby the geographic units called clusters (e.g. village, commune, ward, depending on administrative structure of country) are randomly assigned to receive certain components of the Handwashing and Sanitation interventions in the case of treatment arms, and no Handwashing or Sanitation intervention in the case of control arms. . The final sample for the evaluation will consist of approximately 14,000 households, randomly selected, with at least one child between 0 and 24 months of age at baseline. Data will be collected from these 14,000 households (approximately 54,781 subjects) through household surveys, anthropometric measurements, blood and stool samples, direct observations of behaviors, and community surveys. The data collected will be analyzed using a differences in differences approach, where possible, and the results will be disseminated to country officials and others stakeholders.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Sanitation intervention; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Provision of household latrines | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Provision of household latrines; Assigned to Arm(s): Sanitation intervention
B: Arm Label: Classic Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Classic Intervention | Arm Label: Minimum Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Minimum Intervention | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Classic Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Classic Intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Minimum Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Minimum Intervention
C: Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Handwashing Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Scaling Up Handwashing Behavior Change | Arm Label: Sanitation Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing | Arm Label: Combined; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing, Behavioral: Scaling Up Handwashing Behavior Change | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Total Sanitation and Sanitation Marketing; Assigned to Arm(s): Combined, Sanitation Intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Scaling Up Handwashing Behavior Change; Assigned to Arm(s): Combined, Handwashing Intervention
D: Arm Label: Standard of Care; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Standard care | Arm Label: WASH; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: WASH | Arm Label: Nutrition; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Infant and young child feeding | Arm Label: WASH and Nutrition; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: WASH and Nutrition | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Standard care; Assigned to Arm(s): Standard of Care | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: WASH; Assigned to Arm(s): WASH | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Infant and young child feeding; Assigned to Arm(s): Nutrition | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: WASH and Nutrition; Assigned to Arm(s): WASH and Nutrition

Answer: C