Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Getting Physical on Cigarettes: Exercise and Smoking Cessation - Preventing Relapse
Brief Summary: Adult female smokers will participate in an exercise-aided smoking cessation program, and will then be randomized into one of four cessation maintenance conditions: (a) Exercise Maintenance only (b) Exercise Maintenance + Relapse Prevention Booklets(c) Relapse Prevention Booklets + Contact and (d) Contact Control. Primary follow-up outcome is smoking behaviour. Secondary outcomes include exercise behaviour, Physiological measures (body composition (Dual-emission X-ray absorptiometry; DXA), vascular health (stiffness, endothelial function, carotid plaque volume), physical fitness), and Psychological measures (self-regulatory cognitions related to exercise adherence \[exercise, scheduling, barrier, relapse, and concurrent self-regulatory self-efficacy\]).

The hypotheses detailed below are specific to the randomization of participants into the following 4 groups:

1. Exercise Maintenance only
2. Exercise Maintenance + Relapse Prevention Booklets
3. Relapse Prevention Booklets + Contact
4. Contact Control

Hypothesis 1: Compared to quitters in the contact control condition, quitters exposed to a home-based lifestyle exercise maintenance intervention (Exercise Maintenance only and Exercise Maintenance + Relapse Prevention Booklets) will demonstrate significantly greater exercise adherence and fitness levels, as well as significantly less weight gain and smoking relapse rates following exercise-aided smoking cessation program termination.

Hypothesis 2: Compared to quitters in the contact control condition, quitters exposed to relapse information only (Relapse Prevention Booklets + Contact) will experience significantly less smoking relapse following exercise-aided smoking cessation program termination.

Due to the novelty and exploratory nature of the respective prevention programs, no hypotheses are specified with respect to which prevention program (exercise maintenance or relapse prevention information) will be superior to the other, or whether the additive benefits (i.e., exercise maintenance plus relapse prevention information) will be superior to one prevention program alone.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Ages 18 to 65 years
* Must be able to give informed consent
* Must live in the area for the next 3 months
* Depression subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, HADS-D score ≥ 8
* Fagerstrom score \> 3
* Must be sedentary, have not participated regularly in aerobic physical exercise (for at least 20 minutes per day, 3 days per week) for the past six months.
* Must be able to exercise at 60% maximum heart rate (MHR) (cleared by a physician)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cannot read or write fluently in the French language
* Pregnancy or plans to attempt pregnancy
* 60 minutes or more per week of moderate or vigorous physical activity
* Currently in a quit smoking program
* Currently using NRT of any kind or using any other quit smoking method or treatment
* Poor willingness or inability to comply with protocol requirements

Medical problems:

* Cancer treatment within the past 6 monthsPsychiatric Problems
* Currently suicidal or psychotic, (or suicidal/psychotic in last 6 months)
* Taking these specific medications for psychiatric problems: Mood stabilizer (Lithium, Depakote, Neurontin), Antipsychotics (Haldol, Clozaril, Risperdal)
* Currently diagnosis of a bipolar disorder as assessed by MINI 5.0
* Currently diagnosis of a alcohol dependence as assessed by MINI 5.0
B: Participants must meet the following criteria:

* Between the ages of 18 and 65
* Smoking greater than 10 cigarettes per day, have done so for the past 2 years, and want to quit
* Engage in 2 or less 30-minute bouts of moderate or vigorous intensity exercise over the past 6 months
* Absence of any medical condition that is contraindicative for exercise
* not pregnant or intending on being pregnant over the course of the study
* Be able to read and write in English
* Have a telephone or an email account that we can reach you at

Exclusion criteria include:

* Contraindication to regular exercise (e.g., disability, unstable angina)
* Contraindications to using nicotine replacement therapy (NRT)
* Currently exercise more than twice a week for 30 or more minutes each bout at a moderate to vigorous intensity level and have done so for the past 6 months
* On medication for physical and/or mental health reasons that would make compliance with the study protocol difficult or dangerous
* Have substance dependency problems (e.g., alcohol)
* Are pregnant or are planning on becoming pregnant during the next year
* No Medical Doctor approval for exercise or NicoDerm patch (Nicotine Replacement Therapy; NRT)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female cigarette smokers, 18- 75 years, motivated to stop smoking and considered suitable for a smoking cessation attempt.
* Smoked an average of at least 10 cigarettes per day during past year and during the month prior to the screening visit, and exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) \>10 ppm at screening.
* For Neuropsychiatric cohort- subjects must have proper diagnosis as outlined in protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects with a past or current diagnosis of one of the following disorders:

  a. Psychotic Disorders:
* Schizophreniform
* Delusional Disorder
* Psychotic Disorder NOS b. All Delirium, Dementia, and Amnestic and Other Cognitive Disorders c. All Substance Induced Disorders (Other than nicotine)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Active smoker, 10 or more cigarettes per day, on average, for the past year;
* Age of 18 years or older;
* Motivated to quit according to the Motivation To Stop Scale (MTSS) (level 5 or higher);
* Able to understand and to provide informed consent in English or French;
* Likely to be available for follow-up (1 year).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Medical condition with a prognosis \< 1 year;
* Current or recent cancer (less than 1 year in remission);
* Pregnant or lactating females;
* Current or recent use (in the past 30 days) of any pharmacotherapy or behavioural therapy for smoking cessation (e.g., Nicotine Replacement Therapies, bupropion, varenicline, or counseling);
* Any e-cigarette use (nicotine or non-nicotine) in the past 60 days, or ever use of any e-cigarette for more than 7 days consecutively;
* History of psychosis, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder;
* Less than one month following a myocardial infarction, life-threatening arrhythmia, severe or worsening angina pectoris, or cerebral vascular accident;
* Use of any illegal drugs in the past year (excluding marijuana);
* Planned use of tobacco products other than conventional cigarettes (e.g., cigarillos, cigars, snuff, shisha, etc.) or marijuana during the study period.

Answer: B