Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Thrombocytes and International Normalized Ratio Are no Predictors for Bleeding in Application of Central Veneous Catheters
Brief Summary: Since many of the patients in an intensive care unit suffer from disorders of hemostasis, bleeding is a main concern applying central venous catheters. Even if there are some data indicating elevated international normalized ratio may not increase the risk of bleeding no clear cut-off has been defined so far. An INR \> 1.5 is generally considered to increase the risk of bleeding. Furthermore, many authors consider platelets below 50 x 109 /l as a contra-indication to CVC cannulation, since there are some data this may increase the risk of bleeding. Therefore platelet transfusion before venous puncture is suggested. In our clinical experience INR \> 1.5 and platelets \< 50 x 109 /l do not correlate with increased risk of bleeding. The aim of this study is to demonstrate, that coagulopathy, defined by INR and platelet count, is not decisive for bleeding.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* age 18 yo and above
* consent is signed,
* liver transplantation is indicated,
* plasma is transfused

Exclusion Criteria:

* multiorgan transplantation (except combined kidney and liver transplantation)
* allergy to methylene blue.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects who require the highest trauma team activation at each participating center,
* Estimated age of 15 years or older or greater than/equal to weight of 50 kg if age unknown,
* Received directly from the injury scene,
* Initiated transfusion of at least one unit of blood component within the first hour of arrival or during prehospital transport, and
* Predicted to receive a MT by exceeding the threshold score of either the Assessment of Blood Consumption (ABC) score or the attending trauma physician's judgment criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

* Received care (as defined as receiving a life saving intervention) from an outside hospital or healthcare facility (Procedures and care given at an outside health facility cannot be documented or controlled resulting in a high variability of standards of care and clinical outcomes.)
* Moribund patient with devastating injuries and expected to die within one hour of Emergency Department (ED) admission
* Prisoners, defined as those who have been directly admitted from a correctional facility
* Patients requiring an emergency thoracotomy
* Children under the age of 15 years or under 50 kg body weight if age unknown
* Known pregnancy in the ED
* Greater than 20% total body surface area (TBSA) burns
* Suspected inhalation injury
* Received greater than five consecutive minutes of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR with chest compressions) in the pre-arrival or ED setting
* Known Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) prior to randomization
* Enrolled in a concurrent, ongoing interventional, randomized clinical trial
* Patients who have activated the "opt-out" process or patients/legally authorized representatives that refuse blood products on arrival to ED.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* All patients acquiring a central venous catheter

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients pre or post surgery
* Patients with bleeding due to other reason
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years and older
* INR \>1.5 and \<3.0
* undergoing invasive procedure (insertion of a central venous catheter, a chest drain, percutaneous tracheostomy)

Exclusion Criteria:

* clinically overt bleeding at the time of the procedure (excludes minor epistaxis, minor gum bleeding, microscopic hematuria, superficial bruises, or normal menses)
* thrombocytopenia of \< 30 x 109/L.
* use of abciximab, tirofiban, ticlopidine or activated protein C
* use of heparin \< 1 hour prior to the procedure, or low molecular weight heparin in therapeutic doses \< 12 hours prior to procedure
* history of congenital or acquired coagulation factor deficiency or bleeding diathesis
* no informed consent

Answer: C