Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effect of Mobilization With Movement on Pain and Function Among Patients With Knee Osteoarthritis
Brief Summary: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most prevalent form of arthritis and is reported to be the most important reason behind functional disability and musculoskeletal disorders among aged individuals. OA is "a total joint failure; represented by pathological damage to articular cartilage, that affects bone, menisci, synovium, ligaments, and neuromuscular tissue". Knee OA could be responsible for pain and functional disability in 19.2% of individuals aged more than 45 years in the Framingham study and in 27.8% of such individuals in the Johnston County Osteoarthritis Project. However, in the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III), nearly 37% of individuals aged 60 years or older had radiographic knee OA. Oliveria et al. (1995) reported that age- and sex-standardized incidence rates of symptomatic hip, knee, and hand OA were 88, 240, and 100/100,000 person-years, respectively. In addition, the incidence rates of symptomatic OA of the knee, hand, or hip increased rapidly at age 50 and then levelled off beyond age 70. There were not enough data to report the prevalence of OA in Arabic countries. However, a cross-sectional study performed in Saudi Arabia demonstrated radiographic knee OA in 53.3% of men and 60.9% of women, while about 18% of women and 10% of men had symptomatic OA. Although it is well established that OA is mainly caused by damage occurring in the joint because of degeneration and inflammation, there is no known cure for OA and our understanding of the pathological aetiology of OA is still deficient and poorly understood.

The primary objective of this study is to investigate the immediate and the carry-over effect of MWM on pain and function in patients with knee OA. A secondary objective is to evaluate this effect among those patients who demonstrate features of central sensitization.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. \>/= age 60
2. meets accepted clinical criteria for knee OA based on the American College of Rheumatology 1986 clinical criteria guidelines.
3. Western Ontario and McMaster University Arthritis Index (WOMAC) pain subscale score in the range of 7-15 (to minimize including subjects with knee OA so severe they may be better served by arthroplasty)
4. PHQ-9 scores 1-9, with at least one of the cardinal symptoms of depression (low mood or anhedonia) endorsed.
5. Modified Mini Mental State (3MS) Examination \>/= 80.
6. Has or is willing to establish care with a personal physician prior to any experimental procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Major Depressive Episode or anxiety disorder within the past 1 year
2. Currently taking an antidepressant
3. History of bipolar or schizophrenia
4. Drug or alcohol use disorder within the past 12 months
5. Receiving knee-related workers compensation or involved in knee pain-related litigation.
6. Currently taking an anti-anxiety medicine \> 4 times/week for the past 4 weeks.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Had unilateral or bilateral knee OA
* Knee OA K\&L grade ≥ 2
* VAS = 3 cm over the previous 24 hours
* Able to walk ≥ 6-meter distances with or without an aid

Exclusion Criteria:

* Had knee or lower limb surgery
* Oral corticosteroid use (current\\ 4 weeks)
* Altered sensation around knee and shoulder
* Exhibited cognitive difficulties
* Intra-articular corticosteroid or hyaluronic acid injection within 6 months
* Had leg sciatica
* Contraindication to manual therapy
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients referred from general practitioner, chiropractor or orthopaedic surgeon
* unilateral hip pain of minimum 3 months' duration
* radiology criteria for hip OA: joint space width (JSW) \< 2.0 mm or a side difference in JSW of \> 10%
* adequate mastering of the Danish language to complete instructions and questionnaires

Exclusion Criteria:

* inflammatory joint disease
* previous hip or knee alloplastic
* secondary arthritis due to hip fracture or infection
* bilateral hip pain
* hip dysplasia with a CE angle \> 25 degrees and an AA angle \> 10 degrees
* low back pain which dominates over the hip pain
* malignant disease
* patients with paresis or paralysis after neuromuscular, cerebrovascular or polyneuropathic disease
* hip pain resulting from labral tear, bursitis and/or snapping hip syndrome
* polyarthritis
* received manual treatment for the hip within the last year
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Knee pain on most days
* Either isolated patellofemoral osteoarthritis or mixed patellofemoral and tibiofemoral osteoarthritis, as based on x-ray

Exclusion Criteria:

* Bed- or chair-bound, usually uses an ambulation aid to walk (e.g., cane, crutch, or walker), or uses a wheelchair
* Pain emanating more from the back or hip than from the knee, as determined by screening questionnaire
* Low pain score on the visual analog scale (VAS) (less than 4 out of 10)
* Plans to move from the area within 10 months of study screening
* Symptomatic comorbid disease that limits activities more than knee pain does, as determined by screening questionnaire (e.g., congestive heart failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)
* Receiving corticosteroid injections in the month before study entry, or receiving hyaluronan in the 6-month period before study entry. No other treatments will result in exclusion, although for patients taking glucosamine and/or chondroitin and/or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), they must have taken these treatments for at least 2 months before study entry and must commit to not start a new treatment during the study.
* Bilateral total knee replacements or plans for a total knee replacement of the affected knee in the next 6 months
* Morbidly obese (body mass index greater than 35), as brace fitting and prevention of slippage of the brace will be difficult
* Known other causes of arthritis, including rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, psoriatic arthritis, and pseudogout
* Skin breakdown at the site where the brace will be applied
* Failure to pass the run-in test, or the brace falls down the leg during the run-in

Answer: B