Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Live-Online Mindfulness-based Intervention for Families of Children With Epilepsy: Making Mindfulness Matter© Randomized Control Trial
Brief Summary: Epilepsy is a debilitating condition characterized by spontaneous, unprovoked seizures. Up to 80% of children with epilepsy (CWE) may face cognitive, psychiatric, and/or behavioral comorbidities with significant unmet mental health needs. Mindfulness-based interventions may provide an ideal vector to target unmet mental healthcare needs in patients with epilepsy and their families. The investigators propose the Making Mindfulness Matter© (M3) program as an intervention to improve health related quality of life and mental-health for CWE and their parents. M3 is live-online parent and child program that incorporates mindful awareness, social-emotional learning skills, neuroscience, and positive psychology. This pilot RCT is needed to refine the implementation of the intervention to families with a child with epilepsy, and collect information pertaining to the feasibility and effectiveness of the intervention in preparation for a subsequent multi-centred trial across Canada. Note: Due to COVID-19, the format has been modified for online delivery (from community-based) and the intervention has been restarted.


Options:
A: No age restriction on parent participating in parent/child dyad

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Children aged 4 to 10 years diagnosed with epilepsy a minimum of 6 months ago, as per the International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) 2014 operational definition\*
2. Children have reasonable comprehension of spoken language and can follow simple instructions
3. Children with epilepsy and their parents\*\* are willing to attend all intervention sessions
4. Children with epilepsy and parents have an adequate understanding of English

   * Operational (practical) clinical definition of epilepsy (Fisher et al. 2014):

     1. At least two unprovoked (or reflex) seizures occurring\>24 h apart, or
     2. One unprovoked (or reflex) seizure and a probability of further seizures similar to the general recurrence risk (at least 60%) after two unprovoked seizures, occurring over the next 10 years, or
     3. Diagnosis of an epilepsy syndrome

        * Parents: refers to parent or guardian self-identifying as most responsible for child's day-to-day care

Exclusion criteria are:

1. Progressive or degenerative neurological disorder;
2. Other major co-morbid non-neurological disorders (e.g. cystic fibrosis, Crohn's disease, diabetes, renal failure);
3. Concurrent enrollment in other intervention trials
4. Child or parent regularly practice complementary health interventions such as meditation
5. Scheduled to undergo epilepsy surgery during study period
B: Inclusion Criteria:

Parents eligible to participate include parents: a) English-speaking, b) of a child aged 4:0 to 10:11 years, c) with a previous diagnosis of ASD and evidence of current social impairment (SRS-2) and repetitive behaviors (RBS-R), and d) who are able to consistently participate in sessions. Given budgetary constraints, direct diagnostic testing will not be feasible. Instead, child diagnostic status will be confirmed through review of the child's medical record for evidence that the child previously met ADOS criteria for ASD and shows clinically significant social impairment at baseline (SRS-2 T\>65).

Parents who are not eligible to participate include parents: a) with severe psychiatric, genetic, or medical disorder among parents and/or children, b) taking psychiatric medication, and c) with elevated resilience scores at baseline (Total Score \>80 on CD-RISC). The DSM-5 CCSM will be administered to parents to screen for parent mental illness. Any identified issues on the DSM-5 CCSM will be investigated further by the PI to rule out severe psychiatric disorders.

Exclusion Criteria:

a) Severe psychiatric, genetic, or medical disorder among parents and/or children, b) parents taking psychiatric medication, and c) parents with elevated resilience scores at baseline (Total Score\>80 on CD-RISC). The DSM-5 Cross Cutting Symptom Measure (DSM-5 CCSM) will be administered to parents to screen for parent mental illness. Any identified issues on the DSM-5 CCSM will be investigated further by the PI to rule out severe psychiatric disorders. These families will be referred for behavioral consultation (available in our clinic) and then be reconsidered for group participation.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Child has a clinical diagnosis of ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; DSM-IV or DSM-5 system, and confirmed by a structured interview (The Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for school-Age Children (K-SADS)).
* Child receives CAU and has remaining ADHD-symptoms (average score \> 1.0 on the investigator-rated DSM-5 items from the Conners' ADHD rating scale).
* Child is between 8 and 16 years old.
* At least one parent is willing to participate.
* ADHD medication dose is stable, or there is an informed decision on not taking ADHD medication.
* Psychiatric comorbidities are allowed except psychosis, bipolar illness, active suicidality, untreated posttraumatic stress disorder or substance use, provided ADHD is the primary diagnosis in the child; similarly, psychopathology in the parents is allowed except psychosis, bipolar disorder, active suicidality, untreated posttraumatic stress disorder or substance use.
* Child and parent have an estimated intelligence quotient (IQ) ≥ 80.
* Child and parent have adequate mastery of Dutch language.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Child or the participating parent(s) have participated in a mindfulness programme in the past year or ever in a Mindful Parenting training.
* Child or parent is participating in another intervention study.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Between ages 18-70 years;
2. Able to read and write (parent)
3. Family with a child between 2-5 years old
4. BMI of parent in obese category
5. High parenting stress (mean score of \>=3 on 3 questions from Parenting Stress Index)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any psychotic disorder or current psychiatric symptoms for child or parent requiring specific attention, including active symptoms of psychosis or suicidal/homicidal ideation
2. Diagnosis of mental retardation, autism or other pervasive developmental disorder for child
3. Inability to give informed consent
4. Current serious medical disorder precluding participation in physical activity

Answer: A