Please select the outcome measures that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Optimizing Gestational Weight Gain, Birth Weight and Other Perinatal Outcomes Among Pregnant Women at Risk of Hypertension in Pregnancy by Regular Monitoring of Weight Gain and Blood Pressure: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Background:

1. Burden: Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy, including preeclampsia, complicate up to 10% of pregnancies worldwide, constituting one of the greatest causes of fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, low birth weight, perinatal mortality, and maternal morbidity and mortality. In Bangladesh, 24% of all maternal deaths are directly attributed to hypertensive causes. Conventional antenatal care practice often delays in or misses diagnosing hypertension in pregnancy, which makes the women vulnerable to its adverse consequences.
2. Knowledge gap: Although there are randomised controlled trials (RCT) of efforts directed at preventing development of hypertension in pregnancy or reducing its complications, there have been no published RCTs of the intervention focusing on regular monitoring of weight gain and blood pressure among pregnant women who are at risk of developing hypertension in pregnancy or its complications to ensure early diagnosis, and thereby optimizing the perinatal outcomes through prompt referral and management.
3. Relevance: To undertake an RCT of intervention to optimize adverse consequences in hypertension in pregnancy raises important practical concerns including: commitment of the enrolled women, the need to make a decision regarding participation due to longer duration of intervention and adherence to protocol. Investigators aim to perform this study to address whether an RCT of the intervention in individual patients is an appropriate trial design, and is feasible.

Objectives:

1. To evaluate the accuracy of Salu Health Gauge device in measuring blood pressure.
2. To test the design, feasibility, acceptability and fidelity of a future definitive randomized controlled trial focusing on regular monitoring of weight gain and continuous self-monitoring of blood pressure among pregnant women who are at risk of developing hypertension in pregnancy.

Methods:

The study will be completed in two steps: 1) the validation of Salu Health Gauge and 2) the pilot trial. The study will be conducted in Matlab, Bangladesh. Salu Health Gauge device will be validated according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010 (ESH-IP revision 2010) in general adult population (including men and non-pregnant women) as well as in specific groups such as adolescents and pregnant women. The pilot trial is designed as a prospective, two-arm, parallel, and open-label randomized controlled external pilot trial. Eligible participants (pregnant women at risk of developing hypertension in pregnancy) will be individually randomized 1:1 to the intervention arm who will use a wearable device (Salu Health Gauge) from 20 weeks of gestation up to termination of pregnancy alongside conventional antenatal and postnatal care or the control arm who will receive conventional antenatal and postnatal care only. In Matlab, a woman is diagnosed as pregnant by HDSS field staff by 12-16 weeks of gestation and is enlisted. The investigators will obtain this list from HDSS and conduct baseline interviews to identify pregnant women at risk of developing hypertension in pregnancy.

Outcome measures/variables:

1. Feasibility outcomes: Recruitment rate, Retention rate, compliance, Acceptability etc.
2. Clinical outcomes: gestational weight gain, birth weight, adverse consequence of hypertension in pregnancy (episodes or occurrence and when), blood pressure profile of high-risk pregnancies, prevalence of specific risk factors for hypertension in pregnancy
3. Serious adverse events


Options:
A: The primary maternal outcome measure was the number of women having any episode of severe hypertension (BP ³ 170/110mmHg).
B: Niccomo measurement (10 weeks of pregnancy); Niccomo measurement (20 weeks of pregnancy); Systolic and Diastolic Blood pressure monitoring (10 weeks of pregnancy); Systolic and Diastolic Blood pressure monitoring (20 weeks of pregnancy); a maternal Venous Doppler Echochraphy (10 weeks of pregnancy); Maltron measurement (10 weeks of pregnancy); a maternal Venous Doppler Echochraphy (20 weeks of pregnancy); Maltron measurement (20 weeks of pregnancy); Activity tracker (10 weeks of pregnancy); Weight (10 weeks of pregnancy); Activity tracker (20 weeks of pregnancy); Weight (20 weeks of pregnancy)
C: Hypertension specific intervention (Through study completion, an average of 9 months)
D: Recruitment rate (6 months); Retention rate (Till the follow-up period (from 20 weeks to until delivery or termination of the pregnancy) ends); Adherence to protocol (compliance) (5 months); Acceptability of the device (5 months); Acceptability of the BP measurement (5 months)

Answer: D