Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Antioxidants on Ocular Blood Flow, Endothelial Function, and Cytokine Levels in LPS Induced Inflammatory Model in Humans.
Brief Summary: Oxidative stress, which refers to cellular damage caused by reactive oxygen intermediates, has been implicated in many disease processes, especially age-related disorders. Many trials investigating use of antioxidants in protecting different tissues against oxidative stress have been conducted, but the results are ambiguous.

Inflammation is generally associated with enhanced oxidative stress and widespread endothelial dysfunction. In the present study, the infusion of LPS, which is a cell wall component of Gram-negative bacteria and a major mediator in the pathogenesis of septic shock, will be used as a standardized experimental model of systemic inflammatory response in humans. The assessment of outcome parameters will include measurements of ocular blood flow, forearm blood flow and plasma concentration of cytokines. Measurements of ocular hemodynamics provide an unique chance to investigate local blood flow in humans non-invasively. Moreover, the retina is especially susceptible to oxidative stress because of its high consumption of oxygen, its high polyunsaturated fatty acid content, and its exposure to visible light. Evidence from literature clearly supports a role for oxidative stress in pathophysiology of several ocular diseases including diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration. To investigate the retinal vascular reactivity we will use systemic hyperoxia as a stimulus. The measurement of forearm blood flow will be use to assess endothelial function. The main study objective is to investigate the effect of oral vitamins and minerals supplementation on impaired retinal vascular reactivity after LPS administration.


Options:
A: Arm Label: 1; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: vitamin and mineral supplement, Drug: Escherichia coli Endotoxin (LPS), Drug: 100% O2, Drug: nitroglycerin | Arm Label: 2; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Escherichia coli Endotoxin (LPS), Drug: 100% O2, Drug: nitroglycerin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: vitamin and mineral supplement; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Escherichia coli Endotoxin (LPS); Assigned to Arm(s): 1, 2 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: 100% O2; Assigned to Arm(s): 1, 2 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: nitroglycerin; Assigned to Arm(s): 1, 2
B: Arm Label: Saffron; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Saffron | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Placebo | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Saffron; Assigned to Arm(s): Saffron | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
C: Arm Label: Vitamin E + selenium placebo; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Vitamin E, Other: selenium placebo | Arm Label: Selenium + vitamin E placebo; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Selenium, Other: Vitamin E placebo | Arm Label: Vitamin E + selenium; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Vitamin E, Drug: Selenium | Arm Label: Vitamin E placebo + selenium placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Vitamin E placebo, Other: selenium placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Vitamin E; Assigned to Arm(s): Vitamin E + selenium, Vitamin E + selenium placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Selenium; Assigned to Arm(s): Selenium + vitamin E placebo, Vitamin E + selenium | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Vitamin E placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Selenium + vitamin E placebo, Vitamin E placebo + selenium placebo | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: selenium placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Vitamin E + selenium placebo, Vitamin E placebo + selenium placebo
D: Arm Label: Vitamin E; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Vitamin E | Arm Label: Vitamin C; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Vitamin C | Arm Label: Multivitamin; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Multivitamin | Arm Label: Beta-carotene; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Dietary Supplement: Beta-carotene | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Vitamin E; Assigned to Arm(s): Vitamin E | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Vitamin C; Assigned to Arm(s): Vitamin C | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Multivitamin; Assigned to Arm(s): Multivitamin | Intervention Type: DIETARY_SUPPLEMENT; Name: Beta-carotene; Assigned to Arm(s): Beta-carotene

Answer: A