Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Myocardial Regeneration Using Cardiac Stem Cells Harvested From Right Atrial Appendages in Patients With Ischemic Cardiomyopathy.
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to investigate the safety of intracoronary cardiac stem cells (CSCs) therapy in humans. Currently, there is no effective intervention to regenerate (regrow) dead heart muscle after a heart attack.

The central hypothesis is that CSCs infused into nonviable myocardial segments will regenerate infarcted myocardium by differentiating into cardiomyocytes and other cell types. According to our hypothesis, CSC infusion regenerates myocardium with consequent improvement in contractile function of the heart and general clinical status.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) functional class III or IV chronic refractory angina
* subjects without control of their angina symptoms, in spite of maximal tolerated doses of anti-anginal drugs, must be on optimal therapy for their angina and on a stable anti-anginal medication regimen for at least 1 month prior to entering the screening period of the study
* identified as unsuitable for conventional revascularization
* recent coronary angiogram (within the last 12 months) to document the coronary anatomy and to verify the revascularization procedures
* subjects must have objective evidence of inducible ischemia or viable myocardium in the potential target injection zone
* a left ventricular ejection fraction equal to or greater than 25% by ECHO or single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) at screening
* subjects must experience at minimum an average of 7 angina or anginal equivalent episodes per week
* subjects must be able to complete a minimum of 3 minutes but nor more than 10 minutes on a treadmill following the Modified Bruce Protocol
* subjects must experience angina or anginal equivalent episodes during the screening exercise treadmill test
* female subjects must either be no longer capable of reproduction or using medically valid contraception to prevent pregnancy during the study
* subjects must be willing and able to comply with specified follow-up evaluations

Exclusion Criteria:

* predominant congestive heart failure
* myocardial infarction within 60 days of treatment
* successful or partially successful coronary revascularization procedures (any vessel) within 6 months of study enrollment
* placement of a bi-ventricular pacemaker for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) for heart failure in the past 90 days
* documented stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA) within 60 days of study enrollment
* history of moderate to severe aortic stenosis or severe aortic insufficiency; severe mitral stenosis or severe mitral insufficiency
* prosthetic aortic valve replacement
* evidence of any life-threatening arrhythmia that requires intervention on the 24-hour Holter monitor. Life-threatening arrhythmia that is successfully treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is not exclusionary.
* splenomegaly and/or severe co-morbidity associated with a reduction in life expectancy of less than 1 year, such as chronic medical illness (ie, severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, renal failure or cancer \[exceptions: in-situ skin cancer or fully removed skin cancer other than melanoma, in-situ cervical cancer, or cancer free for 5 years with no history of a stem cell transplant\])
* sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait
* platelet count greater than 10% above the upper limit of normal or a platelet count below 100,000 if on Clopidogrel or 50,000 without Clopidogrel
* hematocrit \<30%
* serum creatinine \>2.5 mg/dL
* any clinically significant laboratory abnormality on screening laboratories
* currently enrolled in another IDE or IND that has not completed the protocol required primary follow-up period (excludes 15 year follow up of gene therapy trials)
* history of alcohol or drug abuse within 3 months of screening
* joint or peripheral vascular disease or neurologic disease that severely limits treadmill walking
* chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that severely limits walking or FEV1 \<30% predicted
* females who are pregnant or lactating
* female subjects who are capable of reproduction and will not use medically valid contraception to prevent pregnancy during the study
* subjects who test positive for HIV, hepatitis B or hepatitis C, or are on chronic immunosuppressive medications or have had a prior stem cell transplant
* subjects with a known hypersensitivity to E. coli-derived proteins, or to any component of Neupogen (Filgrastim) or G-CSF
* subjects who have a significant psychiatric disorder or mental disability that could interfere with the subject´s ability to provide informed consent and/or comply with protocol procedures
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients aged 18 to 80
* Patients post-myocardial infarction (\> 3 months old) or with diffuse ischemic CHD
* Signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

- Existing neoplastic disease or signs of tumor recurrence within the last 5 years

* Active infection
* Active internal bleeding
* Stroke within the past 2 years
* Surgery or trauma within the past two months
* Uncontrolled hypertension over 160/100
* Arteriovenous malformations or aneurysms
* HIV infection
* Signs of significant kidney or liver failure (creatinine \> 2.0 mg/dL, GOT \> 2 x upper standard value)
* Thrombopenia (\< 100,000)
* Anemia (hemoglobin \< 8.5 g/dL)
* Mental retardation
* Participation in another clinical study
* Women of childbearing age
* Chronic inflammatory disease
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* LVEF \< 40% (by any imaging modality: echocardiography/SPECT/LV angiography)
* A history of Q-wave MI with a residual akinetic and nonviable scar (as evidenced by low-dose dobutamine stress echocardiogram and/or or thallium redistribution nuclear study for viability and/or an electrocardiogram)
* Patients scheduled for surgical revascularization within few days (\< 2 weeks) of the initial screening

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age \>75 by time of infusion
* Cardiogenic shock
* Severe co-morbidities (e.g., renal failure, liver failure)
* Mini-CABG procedures
* Pregnant/nursing women or women of child-bearing potential
* Inability to provide informed consent
* Diabetic Hgb A1c \> 8.5%
* Patients with a history of hepatitis B, hepatitis C, and HIV
D: Main Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female participants who are 21 to 80 years of age at the time of signing the informed consent.
* Participants with Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) class III or IV chronic refractory angina.
* Participants without control of their angina symptoms in spite of maximal tolerated doses of anti-angina drugs. Participants must be on optimal therapy for their angina and must have been on a stable anti-anginal medication regimen for at least 4 weeks before signing the informed consent form.
* Participants with obstructive coronary disease unsuitable for conventional revascularization due to unsuitable anatomy or comorbidity as determined at the site and confirmed by an independent adjudication committee.
* Participants must have evidence of inducible myocardial ischemia.
* Participants must experience angina episodes.
* Participants must be able to complete 2 exercise tolerance tests on the treadmill within 3 weeks of randomization.
* If female of childbearing potential, subject must not be pregnant and agree to employ adequate birth control measures for the duration of the study.

Main Exclusion Criteria:

* Cardiovascular hospitalization within 60 days prior to potential study enrollment. Participant has had a successful or partially successful coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) within 6 months or PCTA within 60 days of potential study enrollment.
* Participant has had a placement of a bi-ventricular pacemaker for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) for heart failure within 180 days of potential study enrollment.
* Participant has documented stroke or transient ischemic attacks (TIAs) within 60 days of potential study enrollment.
* Participant has a history of moderate to severe aortic stenosis; or severe aortic insufficiency; or severe mitral stenosis; or severe mitral insufficiency.
* Participant has a prosthetic aortic valve or a mechanical mitral valve replacement.
* Participant has severe co-morbidity associated with a reduction in life expectancy to less than 3 years as a result of chronic medical illnesses.
* Participants with cancer are excluded with the following exceptions:

  * Subjects with in-situ non-melanoma skin cancer or in-situ cervical cancer are not excluded.
  * Participants that have been cancer free for \>= 5 years as determined by their oncologist are not excluded. Subjects with a prior history of stem cell transplant for cancer are excluded no matter how long they have been cancer-free.
* Participants with a history of leukemia or other bone marrow disease.
* Participant has sickle cell disease or sickle cell trait.
* Participants with proliferative retinopathy.
* Participants with Hb A1c \> 9%.
* Participant has platelet counts \>10% above the upper limit of normal (ULN) or platelet counts \< 70,000.
* Participant has a hematocrit \< 30% prior to potential study enrollment.
* Participant has a serum creatinine \> 2.5 mg/dL prior to potential study enrollment.
* Participant tests positive for HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C, or is on chronic immunosuppressive medications, or has had a previous stem cell transplant.
* Participant has a known contraindication to Neupogen (filgrastim) or G-CSF.
* Participant was previously enrolled in an active treatment group of cell therapy trials for cardiovascular disease including any phase of CD34+ stem cell trials.
* Left ventricular (LV) thickness of \< 7 mm in the target areas of injection as measured by during a 2-D echocardiogram (ECHO).
* Atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or other uncontrolled arrhythmias that would prohibit accurate electromechanical mapping and NOGA-guided intramyocardial injection.
* Bleeding diathesis with an INR \> 1.8 when not receiving anti-thrombotic therapy.
* Hepatic dysfunction as evidenced by elevated AST or ALT levels \> 2.5 x ULN.
* Any previous transplant requiring immunosuppression.
* Disease state requiring chronic immunosuppression.

Answer: C