Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: To ensure minimal cervical motion during the intubation of trauma patients is important for the prevention of cervical spine injury (CSI) or further deterioration of existing CSI.

Intubation is required to secure the airway in patient during an anesthesia management or a mechanical ventilation at intensive care units. Laryngoscopes are the assisting tools for intubations. The most widely used laryngoscope type is one with a Macintosh blade. However, various types of laryngoscopes have been developed to be used for in case of difficult intubations, the intubation of the patients with head and neck trauma, or the intubation attempts carried out by inexperienced individuals. Truview EVO2® and Airtraq® are newly developed laryngoscopes, integrated with an optical view system.

The Truphatek TruView EVO2® (Truphatek International Ltd, Netanya, Israel) is a recently introduced, easy viewing type of laryngoscope, modified from the blades of Macintosh type laryngoscopes, having an angle of 46° at the end of blade and including a camera system that magnifies the image.

The Airtraq® laryngoscope (ATQ; King Medical Systems, Newark, DE) is also a newly developed type of laryngoscope, including optical imaging system. There is a channel on the device for the placement of the endotracheal tube. Endotracheal tube is inserted into the channel before the laryngoscopy. It has been reported that Airtraq is a novel single use laryngoscope which provides glottis display without any deviation in the normal position of the oral, pharyngeal or the tracheal axes.

In the literature, there are many studies comparing the effects of these newly developed laryngoscopes on cervical motions in different scenarios with cadavers and normal patients. However, in these studies, individual vertebral motion was reported during the placement of the tube, while the angulation of the head and neck and the difficulty of the intubations were not clear.

In this study our first hypothesis was cervical motion during endotracheal intubation in Truview EVO2® and Airtraq® types of laryngoscopes is lesser than Macintosh. The second one was the endotracheal intubation time is similar to the Macintosh that is used more often.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Any patient over the age of 16 years, requiring urgent (within 30 minutes) endotracheal intubation, who are attended to by the critical care team will be eligible for enrolment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who require intubation within 5 minutes or have contraindications to either of the study intubation technique will be ineligible
* cardiac arrest
* cardiopulmonary instability (oxygen saturation \<90% or systolic blood pressure \< 80 mmHg despite oxygen or fluid therapy)
* any clinical deterioration while awaiting randomization
* known prior or anticipated difficult intubation
* need for awake intubation (defined by sedation, topicalization and avoidance of neuromuscular blockade)
* pregnancy
* cervical spine precautions
* any patient deemed inappropriate for enrolment by the attending physician
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Any patient who is ≥ 18 yrs. coming for elective surgery.
* Endotracheal tube is indicated for the procedure in the opinion of the attending anesthesiologist.
* Any operator who has performed ≥ 10 GlideScope intubations.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any patient in whom the use of the GlideScope is contraindicated in the opinion of the attending anesthesiologist.
* Any patient with cervical spine abnormalities.
* Any patients with known or probable difficult airways (this rare occurrence is unlikely to be evenly distributed between the groups and could skew the data).
* Any patient requiring rapid sequence induction.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults (18 years and over) scheduled for elective surgery whose anaesthetic plan would normally include oral intubation using a Macintosh laryngoscope blade after induction of general anaesthesia and who have given valid informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients requiring special techniques for intubation such as rapid sequence induction
* Adults who have learning difficulties
* Are unconscious or very severely ill
* Have a terminal illness; are in an emergency situation
* Have a mental illness
* Have dementia
* Prisoners
* Those who could be considered to have a particularly dependent relationship with the investigator and other vulnerable groups.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

The patients who will undergo general anesthesia for abdominal surgery, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I to III, The patients who were aged between 20 and 75

Exclusion Criteria:

Our exclusion criteria were to have a history of emergency intubation or a difficult intubation, to have a body mass index higher than 35 or a rheumatologic disease that cause limitation of cervical motion, to have a previous history of cervical operation or tumor, trauma or infection on upper airway, and to have no tooth.

Answer: D