Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Study 2: Comparisons of Nicotine-free Cigarettes, Extra Low Nicotine Cigarettes vs. Medicinal Nicotine
Brief Summary: In this study, smokers will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions for six weeks: 1) nicotine-free cigarettes (0.05mg); 2) extra low nicotine cigarettes (0.3 mg); or 3) medicinal 4 mg nicotine lozenge. The tobacco toxin profiles across these various products will be compared. The effects of these products on biomarkers of exposure and risk factors for disease, compensatory smoking, components of tobacco addiction and short-term smoking cessation will be determined. Predictors of response to these products (e.g., compensatory smoking, compliance with product use, time to lapse) will also be examined.

The following primary hypothesis will be tested: 1) Extent of tobacco toxin exposure will be greatest for the extra low nicotine cigarette and least for nicotine lozenge. Other secondary hypotheses include: 2) Compensatory smoking, as calculated by using cotinine, will be greatest for the extra low cigarette compared to the nicotine-free cigarette; 3) Greater positive subjective responses to cigarettes will be observed with extra low nicotine vs. nicotine-free cigarette; 4) Similar withdrawal symptoms and negative affect will be observed with nicotine-free cigarette and nicotine lozenge, and least withdrawal and negative affect with the extra low nicotine cigarette; 6) Least dependence and greatest motivation and self-efficacy to quit will be observed with nicotine lozenge and the greatest dependence and least motivation and self-efficacy to quit with the extra low nicotine cigarette use; 7) Shorter time to lapse will be observed with extra low nicotine vs. nicotine-free cigarettes because of extinction is likely to occur with nicotine-free cigarettes, and the longest time to lapse for nicotine lozenge because the cigarette condition groups will have experienced stronger attentional bias toward cues, and more dependence prior to the quit date and greater withdrawal after the quit date.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Varenicline Tartrate; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline Tartrate | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline Tartrate; Assigned to Arm(s): Varenicline Tartrate | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
B: Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Swedish snus (smokeless tobacco) | Arm Label: 2; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Onico | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Swedish snus (smokeless tobacco); Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Onico; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
C: Arm Label: CO reminder; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Informing surgical patients about CO monitoring | Arm Label: no CO reminder; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: a brief intervention recommending preoperative abstinence from smoking | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Informing surgical patients about CO monitoring; Assigned to Arm(s): CO reminder | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: a brief intervention recommending preoperative abstinence from smoking; Assigned to Arm(s): no CO reminder
D: Arm Label: Extra-low nicotine cigarettes; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Extra-low nicotine cigarettes | Arm Label: Nicotine-free cigarettes; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Nicotine free cigarettes | Arm Label: Medicinal Nicotine; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Nicotine Lozenge | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Nicotine free cigarettes; Assigned to Arm(s): Nicotine-free cigarettes | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Extra-low nicotine cigarettes; Assigned to Arm(s): Extra-low nicotine cigarettes | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Nicotine Lozenge; Assigned to Arm(s): Medicinal Nicotine

Answer: D