Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Medium-Dose UVA1 Versus Narrow-Band UVB Phototherapy: A Randomized Double-Blind Controlled Cross-Over-Study
Brief Summary: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a very common disorder that is characterized by pruritic inflammatory skin lesions, with patients usually having an individual or family history of atopic diseases in their background. Phototherapy is among the first-line approaches in the management of AD. In this context, a variety of studies have shown a beneficial effect of natural or artificial UV radiation in atopic dermatitis (AD). The past ten years have seen the introduction of new phototherapeutic regimens for AD, including UVA1 and NB-UVB.UVA1 seems to be more effective than the above mentioned broadband spectra, in particular in acute severe AD. The aim of the present study is the comparison of UVA1 and NB-UVB phototherapy in the treatment of AD. Additionally, the course of several cytokines, human beta-defensins, and SMAD-proteins will be evaluated during the course of treatment.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with atopic dermatitis (Hanifin and Rajka criteria),
* Aged 15 years or more,
* With \> 2 years of disease evolution,
* With moderate-to-severe disease (IGA \> 2),
* Patients that have received TAT for at least 12 weeks and have symptoms requiring an increase in therapy,
* Seasonality in disease severity (based on a questionnaire assessing disease improvement during summer),
* Easy access to a phototherapy cabin (widely implanted in primary care dermatology private practice in France),
* Effective contraception to be used at least 30 days before initiation of treatment, during treatment and 29 weeks after last administration for women of reproductive age,
* Written informed consent of the patient
* For patients aged between 15 and 18, written informed consent of the parents and of the teenager.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any cause of contra-indication for vitamin D supplementation: flare of granulomatosis, primary hyperparathyroidism,
* Clinical suspicion of hypercalciuria,
* Indication to a systemic immunosuppressant in the next 2 years,
* Atopic dermatitis known to be aggravated by UV exposure,
* Any contra-indication for artificial or solar exposure including: genetic diseases with a predisposition to skin cancer, any history of personal skin cancer (melanoma, squamous cell skin cancer, basal cell skin cancer), lupus, dermatomyositis, any other photosensitizing skin disease, photosensitizing medication (see appendix 2),
* More than 100 previous phototherapy sessions in lifetime,
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding,
* Persons subject to major legal protection (safeguarding justice, guardianship, trusteeship), persons deprived of liberty.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participant (i.e. the neonate) must have a parent or sibling with a history of doctor-diagnosed atopy (i.e. at least one of: eczema, asthma, hayfever)
* Mother aged ≥18 years of age at enrolment
* Baby \<36 weeks gestation at screening
* Informed consent from the mother on behalf of the participant
* Mother has the ability to understand English
* Live in a hard water area (\>250 mg/L Calcium Carbonate)
* Consent of landlord for installation on water softener (if appropriate)
* Occupy a property appropriate for installation of a water softener

Exclusion Criteria:

* Preterm birth (defined as birth prior to 37 weeks gestation)
* Significant inflammatory skin disease at birth not including seborrheic dermatitis ("cradle cap")
* Sibling (including twin) previously randomised to this trial. If multiple birth, the first child will be randomised into the trial.
* The child is to be fostered/adopted
* Any immunodeficiency disorder or severe genetic skin disorder
* Child has any other serious health issue which, at parent or investigator discretion, would make it difficult for the family to take part in the trial.
* Planned stays away from home for a continuous period of more than 2 weeks or a total of 1 month out of the 6 month follow up period
* Water softening or filtration device already installed
* Concurrent enrolment in any other skin-related intervention study
* Other medical condition that in the opinion of the CI could interfere with the conduct of the trial
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with chronic AD (Hanifin and Rajka, 1980); moderate to severe disease with SCORAD-index \> 30 (maximum = 102).
* Age \> 18 years
* No topical steroids (except 1% hydrocortisone) or topical/systemic antibiotics or antihistamines within the last 2 weeks, no systemic glucocorticosteroids or other immunosuppressive agents within the last 8 weeks, no phototherapy within the last 12 weeks before inclusion

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy or lactation
* Skin cancer or dysplastic naevi, photosensitive skin diseases, autoimmune diseases or relevant cardiovascular diseases
* Photo-skin type I according to Fitzpatrick
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* All paediatric and adult patients registered with an Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) contributing GP practice during the study period (2008-2018) and with at least one year of follow-up.

Exclusion Criteria:

* The presence of psoriasis, photodermatitis, or ichthyosis

Answer: C