Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effect of Music Therapy on Neonates Diagnosed with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: a Pilot Study
Brief Summary: This study examines the effects of 6 different music therapy interventions on outcomes for neonates diagnosed with Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Infants who meet the following inclusion criteria will be eligible to participate in the study irrespective of race, religion, ethnicity, or gender:

* Admitted to the NICU immediately postpartum
* Gestational age 28 weeks or older
* No identified hearing disorder
* Do not have a diagnosed developmental disability (i.e. Down Syndrome)
* Do not have Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
* Medically cleared to participate in the study by nurse or neonatologist
* Parent or legal guardian able/willing to give consent \& complete the PBQ (Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Admitted to the NICU at any time other than immediately postpartum
* Gestational age \<28 weeks old
* Has an identified hearing disorder
* Has diagnosed developmental disability (i.e. Down syndrome)
* Has Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
* Is not medically cleared to participate in the study by the nurse or neonatologist
* Parent or legal guardian unable/unwilling to give consent
B: Inclusion criteria:

* Born at University of New Mexico Hospital
* Greater than 34 weeks gestation
* Primary in-utero drug exposure was opioids other than buprenorphine
* Maternal or infant urine drug screen positive for methadone and/or opioids on admission

Exclusion criteria:

* Born prior to 34 weeks
* Neonatal intensive care unit admission
* Serious medical comorbidities
* Primary substance exposure in-utero was buprenorphine, or was not opioids
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Infants of corrected gestational age ≥37 weeks
* Chronic opioid exposure in utero
* Signs and symptoms of NAS requiring treatment
* 2 consecutive Finnegan scores ≥8 or any single score ≥12

Exclusion Criteria:

* Concomitant maternal benzodiazepine or alcohol use 30 days prior to enrollment
* Life-threatening congenital malformations
* Intrauterine growth retardation
* Seizure activity or congenital neurologic abnormalities
* Concomitant neonatal use of Cytochrome P450 inhibitor or inducers prior to treatment
* Inability of mother's consent due to altered mental status or comorbid psychiatric disorder
* Neonatal administration of morphine prior to enrollment into study
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Eligible subjects are infants currently inpatient in the NICU or Newborn Nursery at University of Massachusetts Memorial Hospital and:

* Full-term infants (\>37 wks gestational age) and late preterm infants (34-37 wks gestational age)
* Newborns at risk for NAS due to fetal-drug exposure
* At-risk infants will be infants who present with confirmed meconium and/or urine toxicology report (documented in medical chart review) for opioids (e.g., methadone, buprenorphine/subutex, oxycodone, heroin); may also have prenatal exposure to benzodiazepines, barbiturates, amphetamines, cannabinoids, alcohol, nicotine and/or caffeine.

Exclusion Criteria:

Eligible infants meeting the inclusion criteria above will be excluded from participation in the study if he/she:

* Born less than \<34 weeks.
* Has a congenital abnormality
* Has a fetal anomaly
* Has hydrocephalus or intraventricular hemorrhage \>grade 2
* Has a seizure disorder not related to drug withdrawal
* Has a clinically significant shunt
* Requires mechanical respiratory support

Answer: A