Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Tobacco Use in Opioid Agonist Treated Pregnant Women
Brief Summary: The primary objective of the proposed study is to evaluate the efficacy of tobacco abstinence-contingent voucher incentives versus non-tobacco abstinence-contingent incentives for reducing or eliminating tobacco use during pregnancy in methadone treated women. In addition, the impact that this intervention has in reducing the incidence and severity of methadone associated neonatal abstinence syndrome will also be examined.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Confirmed pregnancy
* Treatment entry at or before 31 weeks EGA
* Expected to enter drug-free outpatient modality at CAP
* Placed on methadone pharmacotherapy
* Nicotine dependent
* Sufficient literacy and understanding for assessment procedures
* Expected availability for study duration (e.g., complete inpatient stay)
* Able and willing to provide informed consent
* At least 18 years of age
* Confirmed smoker of 10 or more cigarettes

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not pregnant
* EGA of 32 weeks or greater
* 17 years of age or younger
* Undergoing detoxification (non-methadone treatment)
* Unable to provide informed consent
* Currently receiving nicotine replacement products (NRT)
* Current diagnosis of alcohol or benzodiazepine dependence
* Severe medical or psychiatric concomitant conditions that would interfere with treatment or require extended hospitalization.
B: Inclusion Criteria: Only women will participate in the proposed study, because the overarching aim is to develop efficacious treatments for smoking cessation and relapse prevention during pregnancy and early postpartum. All participants will be currently pregnant and report being smokers at the time of conception. Those in Study 1 will report continuing to smoke upon entering prenatal care. Those in Study 2 will report having already quit smoking upon entering prenatal care. Women must reside in the county in which the clinic is located, plan to reside in this geographical area through 6 months postpartum, be \< 25 weeks gestation, not be living in a group residence, English speaking, and not regularly receiving psychotropics other than antidepressants.

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Exclusion Criteria: Women receiving opioid substitution therapy will be excluded. In Vermont, minorities comprise 4% of the general population. There will be no exclusion criteria concerning race or ethnicity. In our studies during the prior funding period, approximately 5% of participants were minorities. We anticipate a similar sample in the proposed studies. We shall do all that we can to assure that minorities are included in the research.

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C: Inclusion Criteria:

* enrollment in Wisconsin Medicaid (BadgerCare Plus)
* resides in study area (one of 25 counties)
* 18 or older
* English or Spanish speaking
* has smoked daily (at least 5 cigarettes each day) over the last week
* willingness to attend visits at his/her PCC (primary care clinic) or go to a testing site at baseline and 6 months (2 times over a 6 month period), provide urine samples or participate in exhaled carbon monoxide testing, and complete follow-up phone calls from the WTQL
* willingness to inform the WTQL as to any change in address, phone number, clinic attended, or health plan.

Exclusion Criteria:

* not enrolled in Wisconsin Medicaid (BadgerCare Plus)
* not reside in study area
* less than 18 years of age
* not English or Spanish speaking
* does not smoke daily (at least 5 cigarettes each day) over the last week
* not willing to attend visits at his/her PCC (primary care clinic) or alternative testing site at baseline and 6 months (2 times over a 6 month period), provide urine or exhaled carbon monoxide samples, and complete follow-up phone calls.
* not willing to inform the WTQL as to any change in address, phone number, clinic attended, or health plan.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinical diagnosis of cocaine/methamphetamine dependence
* Smoked cigarettes for at least 3 months
* Currently smoking \> 6 cigarettes/day
* Have an interest in quitting smoking
* Enrolled in outpatient treatment at a participating site

Exclusion Criteria:

* Clinical diagnosis of current alcohol or sedative dependence, bipolar disorder; or a life-time diagnosis of anorexia nervosa or bulimia
* Seeking/receiving treatment for opiate-agonist replacement therapy
* Medical conditions that could compromise participant safety
* Taking medications with known/potential interactions with bupropion
* Hypersensitivity to bupropion, nicotine, or menthol
* Pregnant or breastfeeding
* Abnormal ECG
* Recent smoking cessation treatment
* Use of tobacco products other than cigarettes in the past week
* Likely to enter residential/inpatient treatment within 10 weeks
* Have all stimulant-positive urine drug screens during screening/baseline

Answer: A