Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: As cancer mortality rates improve in Asia, there is an increasing focus on patient-reported outcomes and survivorship issues. In view of the numerous medication and psychosocial issues that are commonly faced by early-stage breast cancer survivors, it deems important to develop and conduct specific interventional programs to mitigate these problems. In the literature, it is well recognized that psychosocial interventions are effective to manage emotional distress and quality of life, with the evidence clearly clustered in studies on female patients with breast cancer. One meta-analysis suggested that psycho-oncologic interventions including individual psychotherapy, group psychotherapy, psychoeducation, relaxing training can produce positive effects on emotional distress, anxiety and depression, and health-related QOL.

The investigators hypothesize that a significant reduction in anxiety, improvement of cognition and improvement of health-related quality of life among those who receive psycho-education, in comparison to those in the usual care. Hence, this randomized trial is designed to assess the effectiveness of a psycho-educational group (PEG) intervention on supportive care and survivorship issues, which include anxiety, depression, cognitive function, toxicities management of cancer- or treatment- related physical symptoms, and health-related quality of life in early-stage breast cancer patients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Being aged between 35 and 75 years,
* Being able to read and write using the Spanish language,
* History of treated Breast Cancer within the past 15 years,
* Free from oncological illness
* Not receiving any kind of chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy treatment during study.

Eligible participants were contacted by their personal psychooncologist either by a telephone call or at psychooncology appointment periodical visit to invite them to an explanatory meeting of the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active severe mental disorders (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, eating disorders, and major depression),
* Substance use disorders, cognitive impairment,
* Impaired medical condition.

Past and current psychiatric and medical history was determined by clinician assessment with the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) (Lecrubier et al., 1997) Spanish version (Lobo et al., 1999).
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients diagnosed with breast cancer were included if they met the following criteria:

  * 21 years or older
  * able to read and understand either English or Mandarin
  * diagnosis of Stages 1-3 breast cancer by a medical oncologist
  * completed adjuvant cytotoxic treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed with severe psychiatric diagnosis such as severe cognitive disorders, mood disorders (psychiatric disorders requiring hospitalization) or serious personality disorders).
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* women with primary breast cancer
* age between 18 and 65 years
* completed adjuvant treatments
* Stage I,II,III cancer of the breast with no metastatic disease

Exclusion Criteria:

* presence of any metastases
* history of major psychiatric disorder as defined by the DSM-IV
* inability to speak or read English for questionnaire completion
* failure to provide informed consent
* currently participating in a therapist-led psychosocial support group
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* diagnosed with stage I or II breast cancer in preceding 36 months
* 21-64 years of age
* access to and ability to use a computer and the internet to communicate with others
* fluent in spoken English
* meet the screening criteria for psychological distress (score \>7 on either the depression or anxiety subscale of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scales

Exclusion Criteria:

* currently taking medication for depression

Answer: B