Please select the outcome measures that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized-controlled Study to Assess the Impact of Dermatology Consultations on Reducing Admissions for Patients Presenting to Internal Medicine Clinics for Possible Cellulitis
Brief Summary: This is a randomized, controlled study to compare patients evaluated by primary care physicians alone versus patients who are additionally evaluated by a dermatologist at the primary care physician"s office, aiming to demonstrate that visits to the primary care physician"s (PCP) office that involve both the PCP and an on-site dermatology consultation will reduce hospital admission rates. The hypothesis of this study is that obtaining outpatient dermatology consultations during a patient"s initial presentation to a primary care office will reduce admissions for cellulitis with accuracy. The primary objective will be to measure the difference in the proportion of patients requiring hospital admission utilizing a dermatology consultation at the PCP"s office (active arm) versus primary care evaluation alone (control arm) by calculating risk ratios and risk differences. The risk of admission for each arm will be assessed once the study has been completed. The secondary endpoint will be admission versus discharge home at a dermatology follow-up visit to assess accuracy of initial assessment. An additional endpoint will be to determine if any differences in frequencies of cellulitis and admission exist based on age and immunosuppression. Exploratory analyses will assess the percentage of patients with a concomitant known predisposing factor for recurrent cellulitis such as lymphedema, leg ulceration, tinea pedis, or onychomycosis, as well as the association of fever \>100.5 F and a history of a prior episode of cellulitis.


Options:
A: Number of patients with infection resolution reaching clinical stability, as a measure of effectiveness (Retrospective. Outcome measures will be determined in patients hospitalized between 2010-12-01 and 2011-01-31, from the date of hospitalization, up to the date of hospital discharge (2011-02-28 at the latest).); Number of patients reaching clinical stability, as a measure of effectiveness (Retrospective. Outcome measures will be determined in patients hospitalized between 2010-12-01 and 2011-01-31, from the date of hospitalization, up to the date of hospital discharge (2011-02-28 at the latest).); Number of patients death, as a measure of clinical failure (Retrospective. Outcome measures will be determined in patients hospitalized between 2010-12-01 and 2011-01-31, from the date of hospitalization, up to the date of hospital discharge (2011-02-28 at the latest).); Number of patients with infection recurrence, as a measure of clinical failure (Retrospective. Outcome measures will be determined in patients hospitalized between 2010-12-01 and 2011-01-31, from the date of hospitalization, up to the date of hospital discharge (2011-02-28 at the latest).); Number of patients requiring change in antibiotic, as a measure of clinical failure (Retrospective. Outcome measures will be determined in patients hospitalized between 2010-12-01 and 2011-01-31, from the date of hospitalization, up to the date of hospital discharge (2011-02-28 at the latest).)
B: Number of Participants Eradicated of S. Aureus Carriage - 1 Month After Intervention (1 month follow-up)
C: Incidence of bacterial "acute attacks", assessed monthly.; Reported or observed severity of these acute attacks.; Duration of acute attacks.
D: Rate of Hospital admission (1 year)

Answer: D