Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Remote Simultaneous Medical Interpretation: Medical Outcomes
Brief Summary: All new patients to the general medicine clinic who were not primarily English speaking were randomized, after consenting, to receieve either remote simultaneous medical interpreting or usual and customary interpreting services. Patient charts were followed for one year after enrollment to assess medical outcomes, including patient satisfaction, diabetes management, lipid management, depression screening and management, vaccine administration.

All Spanish-speaking ER patients were similarly enrolled. They were followed for one ER visit and their knowledge of exit instructions was assessed, as well as their satisfaction with care.


Options:
A: Patient Inclusion Criteria:

* Self-identified as first-generation KA
* Age 65 years or older
* CDR 1.0+
* Has a caregiver who lives in the same household or has at least weekly interactions
* Able to consent or has a proxy available for consent
* Written consent to participate in the study

Caregiver Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 years or older
* Able to read and speak Korean
* Lives in the same household with the elder or has at least weekly interactions
* Written consent to participate in the study and to allow the team to audit medical records for linkage to medical service for dementia

Patient Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous diagnosis of dementia
* All Axis I diagnoses other than depressive disorders (e.g., schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or substance use disorder)
* Neurological disorders other than Alzheimer's disease that might affect cognition (e.g., stroke)
* Use of psychotropic drugs including antipsychotics,

Caregiver Exclusion Criteria:

* Plan to move from the area within 6 months
* Active treatment for a terminal illness or in hospice
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Limited English-speaking
* English-speaking
* New patient in medicine clinic
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Female
* Generally healthy (If asthma and/or high blood pressure, may be able to participate with physician consent)
* Sedentary (Less than 60 minutes per week of moderate or vigorous physical activity)
* Latina (self-identified)
* Must be able to read and write Spanish fluently
* 18 - 65 years of age
* Planning on living in the area for the next 12 months
* Daily access to a computer with high speed internet

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant or planning on becoming pregnant
* BMI greater than 45
* Not able to walk continuously for 30 minutes/limited ability to complete daily activity or ability to exercise
* Exercise is against advice of doctor
* Heart disease/treatment
* Heart murmur
* Angina/chest pain or Angina/chest pain with exertion
* Palpitations
* Stroke/Transient Ischemic Attacks
* Peripheral Vascular Disease
* Diabetes I or II
* Chronic Infectious Disease - HIV, Hepatitis
* Chronic liver disease
* Cystic Fibrosis
* Abnormal EKG on last EKG performed
* Emphysema, Chronic bronchitis, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
* Seizure in past year
* Surgery in past year on heart, lung, joint, orthopedic surgery
* Surgery pending in next year on lung, joint, orthopedic surgery
* Unusual/concerning shortness of breath
* Asthma (may be able to participate with physician consent)
* High blood pressure/high blood pressure medication (may be able to participate with physician consent)
* Use of beta blockers
* Abnormal Medical Stress Test
* Musculoskeletal problems
* Fainting/dizziness more than 3 times in past year OR interferes with daily activities OR causes loss of balance
* Cancer treatment in past 3 months
* Hospitalized for psychiatric disorder in past 3 years or suicidal
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* receipt of primary care at a VISN 10 Northeast Ohio CBOC
* GFR (calculated according to the 4 variable Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study equation) less than 45 mL/min per 1.73m2 with a second GFR less than 60 at least 90 to 730 days prior to the index GFR (26); and
* at least one primary care visit in the year prior to study initiation.

Exclusion Criteria:

* ESRD as defined by chronic renal replacement therapy,
* receipt of a renal transplant,
* hospice care, and
* age greater than 85 years or less than 18 years at the time of study initiation.

Answer: B