Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Smoking Cessation Treatment for Methadone Maintenance Patients
Brief Summary: Patients in substance abuse treatment smoke four times more than non-substance abusers, and suffer high rates of tobacco-related disease and death. While many quit smoking treatments exist that have been shown to help non-substance abusers quit smoking, little is known about what treatments work for patients in substance abuse treatment. The drug varenicline (Chantix) has been shown to be more effective at helping people quit smoking than nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion or placebo. However, varenicline has not yet been studied in patients in substance abuse treatment. The study aims to evaluate the feasibility, effectiveness and safety of varenicline, in combination with counseling, in methadone maintained smokers. It also aims to evaluate the link between quitting smoking and alcohol and illicit drug use in methadone maintained smokers. We hypothesize that participants receiving varenicline will have higher abstinence from smoking than participants receiving placebo and that participants taking varenicline will not have significantly more adverse reactions than were described in the general population in other studies. We also hypothesize that compared to continued smokers, tobacco abstainers will be more likely to be abstinent from alcohol or illicit drugs.


Options:
A: Arm Label: E-cigarettes only; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Traditional cigarettes only; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Mixed group; Type: N/A; Interventions: N/A
B: Arm Label: Varenicline; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Varenicline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
C: Arm Label: Varenicline; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Varenicline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
D: Arm Label: Tailored intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Nicotine replacement therapy - Transdermal nicotine patch, Drug: Nicotine replacement therapy - Nicotine gum, Drug: Nicotine replacement therapy - Nicotine lozenge, Drug: Bupropion, Drug: Varenicline, Drug: Combination pharmacotherapy - Transdermal nicotine patch + nicotine gum, Drug: Combination pharmacotherapy - Transdermal nicotine patch + nicotine lozenge, Drug: Combination pharmacotherapy - Transdermal nicotine patch + bupropion, Behavioral: Tailored behavioral intervention, Behavioral: Alcohol use risk reduction, Behavioral: Behavioral activation for depressive symptoms, Behavioral: Behavioral management of postcessation weight gain | Arm Label: Enhanced standard of care; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Nicotine replacement therapy - Transdermal nicotine patch, Drug: Nicotine replacement therapy - Nicotine gum, Drug: Nicotine replacement therapy - Nicotine lozenge, Drug: Bupropion, Drug: Varenicline, Drug: Combination pharmacotherapy - Transdermal nicotine patch + nicotine gum, Drug: Combination pharmacotherapy - Transdermal nicotine patch + nicotine lozenge, Drug: Combination pharmacotherapy - Transdermal nicotine patch + bupropion, Behavioral: Tobacco quitline referral | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Nicotine replacement therapy - Transdermal nicotine patch; Assigned to Arm(s): Enhanced standard of care, Tailored intervention | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Nicotine replacement therapy - Nicotine gum; Assigned to Arm(s): Enhanced standard of care, Tailored intervention | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Nicotine replacement therapy - Nicotine lozenge; Assigned to Arm(s): Enhanced standard of care, Tailored intervention | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Bupropion; Assigned to Arm(s): Enhanced standard of care, Tailored intervention | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Enhanced standard of care, Tailored intervention | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Combination pharmacotherapy - Transdermal nicotine patch + nicotine gum; Assigned to Arm(s): Enhanced standard of care, Tailored intervention | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Combination pharmacotherapy - Transdermal nicotine patch + nicotine lozenge; Assigned to Arm(s): Enhanced standard of care, Tailored intervention | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Combination pharmacotherapy - Transdermal nicotine patch + bupropion; Assigned to Arm(s): Enhanced standard of care, Tailored intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Tobacco quitline referral; Assigned to Arm(s): Enhanced standard of care | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Tailored behavioral intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Tailored intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Alcohol use risk reduction; Assigned to Arm(s): Tailored intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Behavioral activation for depressive symptoms; Assigned to Arm(s): Tailored intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Behavioral management of postcessation weight gain; Assigned to Arm(s): Tailored intervention

Answer: C