Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized Clinical Trial of Treatment for Mild Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Brief Summary: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a type of diabetes (high blood sugar) that occurs in pregnant women. This study will determine whether treating pregnant women who have mild GDM improves the health of their babies. The follow-up study will examine whether factors during the previous pregnancy (such as blood sugar during pregnancy) are associated with the woman and her child's health 4-9 years later.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria

1. Pregnancies in women with pre-pregnancy diagnosis of NIDDM (Type 2 DM) and pregnancy continued beyond the first trimester.
2. Women with gestational diabetes mellitus who are at 20-34 weeks of gestation.
3. Women who have glucose elevations consistent with undiagnosed diabetes in pregnancy.
4. Women with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) at any gestational age of pregnancy and pregnancy continued beyond first trimester.
5. Singleton pregnancy.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Women who have contraindication for metformin intake.
2. A recognized fetal anomaly at 14-16 weeks ultrasound examination at the time of study entry.
3. Ruptured membranes at time of study entry.
4. Women with IDDM (Type 1 DM) entering pregnancy.
5. Presence of any other medical disorder like essential hypertension, renal disease, hepatic disease, hypothyroidism, cardiac disease.
6. Presence of diabetic complications.
7. Patient already on Sulphonylureas.
8. Multiple pregnancy.
9. Gestational diabetes controlled on diet alone.

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B: Inclusion criteria:

* All pregnant women with a viable singleton or multiple gestation at ≤34 weeks with gestational diabetes diagnosed in their current pregnancy requiring medical therapy. "Early diagnosis" GDM patients will also be included; which is defined as a diagnosis made prior to 24 weeks.
* Women with known preexisting type 2 diabetes that are in need of medical therapy.

Exclusion criteria:

* Patients \<18 years of age
* a diagnosis of GDM outside of the gestational age stated above
* known allergy/prior adverse reaction to insulin NPH or insulin detemir.
* type 1 diabetes
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Mothers with gestational diabetes who had at least twice plasma glucose at fasting \> 5.4 mmol/L and/or 1 hour postprandial value \> 7.7 mmol/L at 24 to 32 gestational weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Fasting glucose \> 7.0 mmol/L or 1 hour postprandial plasma glucose \> 11.0 mmol/L or Glycosylated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) \> 7.0%
2. Renal, hepatic or cardiac failure
3. Pregestational use of metformin
4. Pregnancy with multiple fetuses
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant
* Gestational age at enrollment 24 - 31 weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diabetes diagnosed prior to pregnancy
* Abnormal gestational diabetes (\>= 135 mg/dl) testing prior to 24 weeks' gestation
* Gestational diabetes in a previous pregnancy
* History of stillbirth or fetal death
* Pregnancy with more than one fetus
* Known major fetal anomaly
* Current or planned corticosteroid therapy
* Asthma requiring medication
* Current or planned beta adrenergic therapy
* Chronic hypertension requiring medication within 6 months of or during pregnancy
* Chronic medical conditions such as HIV/AIDS, kidney disease, or congenital heart disease
* Hematologic or autoimmune disease such as sickle cell disease, other hemoglobinopathies, lupus, or antiphospholipid syndrome
* Maternal or fetal conditions likely to require preterm delivery, such as pre-eclampsia, preterm labor, or intrauterine growth retardation
* Previous or planned tocolytic therapy to induce labor or increase contraction strength

Answer: D