Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Pulse Wave Velocity, Pulse Wave Morphology and Blocking of the Reninangiotensin System in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: An Interventional and Methodological Study
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether a combination therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers reduces the arterial stiffness assessed by applantiontonometry more than a single treatment in kidney patients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. serum creatinine concentration 1.5-5.0 mg/dL (133-442 µmol/L)
2. creatinine clearance 20 to70 mL/min/1.73 m2, with variations of less than 30 percent in the three months before the screening evaluation
3. non-diabetic renal disease
4. persistent proteinuria (defined as urinary protein excretion greater than 0.3 g/day for three or more months without evidence of urinary-tract infection or overt heart failure \[New York Heart Association class III-IV\]).

Exclusion Criteria:

* immediate need for dialysis; treatment with corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or immunosuppressive drugs; renovascular disease; myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident in the year preceding the trial; connective-tissue disease; obstructive uropathy.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age between 18 and 80 years
* Patients with signs and/or symptoms of heart failure NYHA II, III or IV, with echocardiographic diagnosis of HFrEF..
* Moderate impairment of renal functions, assessed by measuring serum creatinine levels then estimating the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by Cockroft-Gold equation to be (60-40 ml/min/m2).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Refusal to participate in the study.
* Known allergy to enalapril/telmisartan components.
* Pregnant and lactating ladies.
* Severe renal impairment defined as eGFR\<30ml/min/m2 at time of enrollment to the study.
* Known cases of bilateral severe renal artery stenosis.
C: Men and women patients at least 50 years of age with coronary heart disease documented by angiography and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 40 percent or more.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Creatinine: 150-350 micromol/L
* Blood pressure \> 110 systolic
* Negative pregnancy test for fertile women
* Written and oral informed consent from the patient

Exclusion Criteria:

* Treatment with both ACE-inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin receptor blockers
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding
* Treatment with immunosuppressive medication, steroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
* Serious chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association \[NYHA\] III-IV)
* Chronic liver disease
* Suspicion or verified kidney artery stenosis
* Cardiac arrhythmia and/or implanted pacemaker
* Myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular incidence within the last 3 months
* Allergy towards ACE-I or angiotensin receptor blockers
* Amputation of a whole extremity or the crural or femoral part of the leg
* Dementia or a psychological condition that makes understanding of the examination conditions impossible
* Dialysis or renal transplantation
* Treatment with aldosterone antagonists
* Hyperkalemia \> 5.5 mmol/l
* Another serious chronic non-renal disease

Answer: D