Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Early Pulmonary Rehabilitation (PR) Following Hospitalisation For Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Brief Summary: The principal aim of the study is to evaluate whether attendance at an exercise training and education programme (known as pulmonary rehabilitation) shortly following hospital discharge can lead to a reduction in exacerbations and improvement in exercise capacity and quality of life in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients must be ≥40 years old
* Clinical diagnosis of COPD or pulmonary function testing reflecting an FEV1/FVC ratio of \<0.70
* Current or previous smoker with at least 10 pack-years of cigarette smoking
* Recently hospitalized for an exacerbation of COPD

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a high likelihood of being lost to follow-up or contact (patients with active chemical dependency, are planning to move out of the state, are not living in the healthcare area, or have no telephone at home).
* Patents with characteristics that can confound the analysis of the primary outcome (patients who are living in a nursing home, have unresectable lung cancer, or have another advanced neoplasm).
* Patients with an inability to provide good data or follow commands (patients who are disoriented, have a severe neurologic or psychiatric condition).
* Patients with an inability to do mild exercise, such as cycling or walking, when their COPD is stable (patients who have orthopedic-neurologic problems; patients who have severe heart failure, characterized by an ejection fraction of \<20% or by New York Heart Association Class IV disease; patients who should be at complete rest, confined to a bed or chair; or patients in whom any physical activity brings on discomfort and in whom symptoms occur at rest).
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients hospitalized for exacerbation of COPD

Exclusion Criteria:

* patients presenting change in mental status (confusion, lethargy or coma)
* persistence or worsening in hypoxemia (PaO2\<40mmHg) and/or respiratory acidosis (pH\<7.25) despite oxygen supplementation or use of non-invasive ventilation
* hemodynamic instability requiring vasoactive drugs
* patients transferred to ICU
* hospitalization lower than 5 days
* diseases that prevented the exercises
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients who are admitted to the Prince of Wales Hospital with AECOPD will be screened for this study.
* Patients with age over 40 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with asthma
* Patients unable to provide informed consent
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* All patients admitted to King's College Hospital with a clinical diagnosis of acute exacerbation of COPD. Patients with radiological and microbiological evidence of pneumonia with co-existing COPD will also be included.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Significant co-morbidity that could limit exercise training \& testing: Patients unable to walk due to a comorbid neuromuscular or rheumatological condition; patients with severe sensory and cognitive impairment; patients with unstable angina or aortic valve disease in which exercise could be dangerous.
* Attendance at a pulmonary rehabilitation programme in the preceding year.

Answer: D