Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Trial of a Positive Psychology Intervention to Reduce Suicide Risk in Patients With Major Depression
Brief Summary: In this study, the investigators will perform an exploratory randomized trial of Positive Psychology (PP). The trial will consist of 50 participants and will compare the impact of a phone-based PP intervention vs. an attentional control condition, in Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) patients who are hospitalized for SI or following a suicide attempt. This is a 12 week trial with 6 weeks of intervention and two blinded follow-up assessments at 6 and 12 weeks.

Specific Aim #1: To assess the feasibility and acceptability of the phone-based PP intervention in this high-risk population.

Hypotheses: The intervention will be feasible (with most patients completing at least 4/6 PP and with follow-up data from at least 80% of subjects). The ratings of ease and subjective helpfulness of the exercise and other mental states as measured before and after each PP exercise will be more than 6 out of 10 and higher than the same ratings obtained from subjects in the control condition.

Specific Aim #2: To examine the impact of the six-session PP intervention on positive psychological well-being.

Hypothesis: Compared to control subjects, subjects randomized to PP will have greater scores on scales of optimism (measured via the Life Orientation Test-Revised \[LOT-R\]), gratitude (Gratitude Questionnaire-6 \[GQ-6\]), and positive affect (Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule \[PANAS\]) at 6 and 12 weeks.

Specific Aim #3 (primary aim): To assess the impact of the PP intervention on key suicide risk factors.

Hypothesis: PP subjects will have greater scores on scales of hopelessness (Beck Hopelessness Scale \[BHS\]; primary study outcome measure), suicidal ideation (SI) (Concise Health Risk Tracking scale \[CHRT\]), and depression (Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology-Self Report \[QIDS-SR\]) at 6 and 12 weeks.

We will also measure impact on readmission and suicide attempts to assess these key outcomes.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria. The adolescent must:

* be 11 to 18 years old;
* self-report an act of self-harm in the past 6 months,
* meet criteria for cut-off on two of the four underlying/maintaining factors (depression, emotion dysregulation, family conflict, substance use), and
* live with at least one parent-figure who agrees to participate in assessments and treatment Participants should be willing and able to participate fully in the protocol (e.g., to accept assignment to either condition, to provide sufficient locator information for follow-up, to allow their treatment sessions to be recorded for fidelity/process assessment and supervision).

Exclusion Criteria. Youth who:

* have a history of DSM V Developmental Disorders, Elective Mutism, Organic Mental Disorders, Schizophrenia, Delusional Disorder, Psychotic Disorder, and Bipolar Affective Disorder.
* are actively in crisis and reporting current ideation with a specific plan and with means to complete the plan.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* ≥ 5 non-suicidal self-injury episodes in the past year and ≥ 1 non-suicidal self-injury episodes in the past month (DSM-5 criteria for a diagnosis of non-suicidal self-injury disorder in terms of frequency of NSSI).
* Age-appropriate literacy.
* Having at least one parent committing to participate in the parent program.
* Informed consent from parents/legal caretakers.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Imminent suicidal risk assessed by clinicians during routine screening procedure (rated as no risk, elevated risk, imminent risk) in need of admission or other life saving strategies.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Between 18 and 65 years
* Having a current suicidal behaviour disorder according to DSM-5 (APA, 2013), i.e. history of suicidal attempt in the past year
* Able to speak, read and understand French.
* Able to give written informed consent
* Having signed informed consent
* Must belong to social safety system

Exclusion Criteria:

* Having a current or past diagnosis of an organic mental disorder
* Having a lifetime history of schizophrenia
* Having a mental retardation
* Planned longer stay outside the region that prevents compliance with the visit plan
* Deprived of liberty Subject (by judicial or administrative decision)
* Protected by law (guardianship)
* Current exclusion period in relation to another protocol
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient admitted to Massachusetts General Hospital inpatient psychiatric unit
* Age 18 and older
* Able to read/write in English
* SI documented on admission OR admission due to a suicide attempt
* Admission diagnosis of MDD (and current major depressive episode), confirmed using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and inpatient chart review

Exclusion Criteria:

* Psychotic symptoms, as assessed using the MINI and inpatient chart review
* Cognitive disorder, assessed using a six-item cognitive screen developed for research
* Primary admission diagnosis of substance use disorder

Answer: D