Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Inpatient Technology-Supported Assisted Referral
Brief Summary: The goal of this patient-randomized effectiveness trial is to demonstrate that an inpatient technology-supported assisted referral (I-TSAR) and follow-up approach is an effective and cost-effective method to help hospitalized patients successfully quit smoking. The proposed study represents a unique opportunity to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of linking inpatient and outpatient delivery of smoking cessation services in two large and very different health care delivery systems. We will enroll 900 participants (600 intervention, 300 controls) over 15-months and collect follow-up survey and health care utilization data over 12 months to estimate: 1) smoking abstinence at 6 and 12 months for I-TSAR intervention recipients compared to usual care; 2) the dose effect on smoking abstinence at 6 and 12 months for I-TSAR recipients compared to usual care; 3) total and mean costs per participant for I-TSAR and usual care recipients, and, if effective, estimate the incremental cost-effectiveness of the intervention vs. controls at 12 months from health plan/insurer and societal perspectives; and 4) differences in health care utilization at 12 months for I-TSAR versus controls.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult dental patient presenting for an exam visit whose most recent history reports the patient is a smoker. Patients had to agree to the phone survey.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Research opt out list
* Patients who discontinued the survey prior to completion(considered withdrawals)
B: DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

* Parents or guardians meeting the following criteria:

  * Self-identified as smokers on the baseline survey
  * Must have a child who is seen by a pediatrician in a participating practice

    * Child must not have a medically emergent condition that requires transfer outside the practice for immediate medical intervention
  * Must be present at the child's healthcare visit
* Pediatric practice meeting the following criteria:

  * Participates in the Pediatric Research in Office Settings (PROS) network
  * Practice manager and a majority of pediatricians are willing to implement a tobacco control strategy for parental smokers
  * Cares for at least 2,000 families
  * Located in a geographically distinct location to minimize contamination effects of the intervention

    * No practices at the same geographic location

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

* Have a telephone at home (parent or guardian)
* Able to speak English (parent or guardian)
* Have a working fax machine (practice)

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

* No prior enrollment in this study during a previous visit to the pediatric healthcare clinician (parent or guardian)
* No prior participation in phase II focus groups or other pilot tobacco control studies (practice)
* No active enrollment of patients onto other PROS trials (practice)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* willing to remain abstinent post discharge
* 1 cpd past 30 days
* active phone
* has a usual source of care
* willing to participate
* willing to provide contact information for follow up
* provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* critical care or labor/delivery units
* pregnant or breastfeeding
* physically unable to participate
* cognitively impaired
* no phone
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinics are included if they are located within the NYC metropolitan area and employ at least three FTE dentists.
* Providers are included if they practice full-time or part-time at one of the study clinics
* Patients are included if they are 18 years or older, active smokers defined as those who report smoking cigarettes some days, most days, or every day and have smoked in the past 7 days, have an appointment with a dentist or hygienist, NYS resident, speak English, Spanish, Chinese or Russian, and are able to comply with study procedures in the opinion of the principal investigator.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Clinic locations are excluded if the number of unique adult patient visits per week averages less than 100, if the dental director reports that the clinic assists more than 60% of patients with tobacco cessation and if the clinics policies would prohibit the clinic from accepting pay-for-performance funds if randomized to that arm. All sites with less than 3 dental providers will also be excluded.
* Providers are excluded if they do not speak English.
* Patients are excluded if they do not speak English, Spanish, Chinese or Russian, and if they have already completed the patient exit interview during the same intervention phase.

Answer: C