Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effectiveness of Parent Targeted Interventions in Vaccination Pain Management of Infants: A Pilot Randomized Control Trial (RCT)
Brief Summary: The overall aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility, acceptability, preliminary effectiveness and sustainability of parent-targeted interventions for pain management during vaccination of infants. To achieve the goal, a two-phase pilot randomized control trial is planned. Study one, currently in the data collection phase, aims i) to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of data collection tools, participants' recruitment procedures and implementation process of parent-targeted interventions prior to infant vaccination at two, four, or six months. ii) to evaluate the preliminary effectiveness of parent-targeted interventions prior to infant vaccination in promoting the use of pain management strategies during vaccinations of infants at two, four, or six months. iii) to identify the parent's knowledge, use, intention and recommendation to use the recommended pain management strategies, and facilitators and barriers influencing the implementation of the parent-targeted interventions during vaccinations of infants at two, four, or six months. Methods. This study is a prospective multi-faceted two-armed pilot randomized control trial (RCT). a pilot randomized control trial. The participants are parents of infants, recruited before the infants receive their 2, 4, or 6- month vaccinations, who responded to the online invitation and consent to participate in this study. Parents living in Canada and prior to the infant receiving one of the three vaccinations were invited to participate through an online recruitment process. A sample of 50 parent/infant dyads in each group of control and intervention is estimated to be sufficient to achieve the study's goals. The outcome measurements are being done by five brief study questionnaires; Brief information of the study goals and the researchers' affiliation followed by a hyperlink to the survey were posted on different online platforms. Eligible parents of infants who respond to the study invitation are being randomly allocated to 1 of 2 groups (Intervention and control). There are two interventions in the study one being compared: 1) Be Sweet to Babies Videos and Pamphlet; and 2) Be Sweet to Babies Videos, pamphlet, and MIAS\&Q. After the intervention, the impact of the vaccination pain management video and brochure followed by MIAS\&Q questions are being evaluated by a brief online survey exploring the use of pain management (breastfeeding or sucrose and upright secure holding) during infants' vaccination in both groups. Following that, the opinion of parents about the understandability, applicability, feasibility, and acceptability of this study are evaluated. All data are being collected electronically using REDCap survey tool. SPSS version 23.0 (SPSS Inc, Chicago, Illinois) will be used to perform all descriptive and inferential statistical analyses. NVivo version 11.0 (Qualitative data analysis Software; QSR International Pty Ltd) will be used for content analysis and descriptive statistical analysis and thematic analysis will be used for the analysis of the qualitative data.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* gestational age of 37-42 weeks
* postnatal age at full two month
* receiving the Bacille Calmette-Guérin vaccine
* birth weight of 2500 gr or higher
* no congenital anomalies
* stable general condition
* not taking any pain medication before vaccination
* mothers were required to be older than 18 years and agree to participate in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* taking analgesic medication within 4 hours before the procedure
* parents not willing to participate in research.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Infants aged 6 to 36 months admitted to the Intensive Care-Sophia after craniofacial surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

* Neurological impairment
* Eczema or other skin disorders
* Nut allergy
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Parents of infants,
* Recruited before the infants receive their 2, 4, or 6-month vaccinations,
* Respond to the online invitation,
* Consent to participate in this study
* Parents living in Canada
* Read, speak and understand English sufficiently to understand the videos and complete the surveys.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Parents who cannot understand, read or communicate in English
* Do not plan to have their infant vaccinated
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Infants 24 to 42 weeks gestational age (GA) at birth, admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), and scheduled to receive a heel lance will be eligible. Parents will be approached for participation within the first 2 weeks of the infant's life. Infants will be eligible for Trial 1, the non-opioid trial, if they have not received any opioids within 24 hours prior to the heel lance. Infants will be eligible for Trial 2, the opioid trial, if they are currently receiving an opioid infusion. Furthermore, observation of the procedures will be timed to ensure that no additional sucrose doses are provided within the previous 4 hours.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Infants will be excluded if they have a contraindication for sucrose administration (e.g., unable to swallow, pharmacologically muscle relaxed, or heavily sedated) due to safety concerns and/or inability to assess pain accurately (e.g., unable to clearly view the infant's face).

Answer: C