Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: Viral respiratory infections are common worldwide. It has been suggested that nucleic acid amplification tests, enabling a rapid etiologic diagnosis, may be useful in reducing antibiotic prescriptions rates. The objective of this study was to evaluate if access to a multiplex real-time PCR method would have an impact on antibiotic prescriptions for acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs), in primary care. Adult patients with respiratory tract infections will be prospectively included. Nasopharyngeal and throat swabs will be analyzed with a multiplex real-time PCR method, targeting 13 viruses and two bacteria. Samples will be collected during the winter season (October-April). Patients will be open-label randomised to receive a rapid result (the following day) or a delayed result (after 10+/-2 days). The investigators are planning to include approximately 400 patients. Prescription of antibiotics will be measured at initial visit as well as at a follow-up visit 10+/-2 days later. Primary endpoint is antibiotic prescription in the acute phase (initial visit) and secondary endpoint antibiotic treatment (ongoing or initiated) at follow-up visit. The hypohesis is that access to a method with the ability of providing a rapid etiologic diagnosis of respiratory infections will affect the use of antibiotics in outpatient care of adult patients with ARTI.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 years or older
* At least two of the following symptoms: coryza, congestion, sneezing, sore throat, odynophagi, cough, chest pain, shortness of breath or fever for which teh physician found no other explanation.
* Symptom duration of less than 14 days

Exclusion Criteria:

* \>14 days of symptoms
* confirmed bacterial infection
* Hospital acquired infection (\>3days in hospital)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

Subjects with community-acquired pneumonia requiring:

* initial hospitalization or treatment in an emergency room or urgent care setting
* infection requiring initial treatment with IV antimicrobial

Exclusion Criteria:

* Community-acquired pneumonia suitable for outpatient therapy with an oral antimicrobial agent
* Respiratory tract infections not due to community-acquired bacterial pathogens
* Infections resistant to ceftriaxone
* Any condition requiring concomitant systemic corticosteroids
* History of any hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to any ß-lactam antimicrobial
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis of community acquired bacterial pneumonia (e.g. cough with purulent sputum or change in character of sputum consistent with bacterial infection, dyspnea or tachypnea, chest pain due to pneumonia, fever, presence of rales and/or signs of consolidation).
2. No prior systemic antibacterial therapy, unless failed other therapy.
3. Chest Xray shows new lobar or multilobar infiltrate(s) consistent with acute bacterial pneumonia.
4. PORT Risk Class II, III, or IV \<=105
5. Ability to take oral medication.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease FEV1 \<30%.
2. Hospitalization within 90 days or residence in a long-term-care facility within 30 days prior to the onset of symptoms
3. Chemotherapy or radiation therapy within the previous 3 months.
4. Significant hepatic, hematological, renal abnormalities.
5. Any concomitant condition that, in the opinion of the Investigator, would preclude an evaluation of a response or make it unlikely that the contemplated course of therapy and follow-up could be completed (e.g. life expectancy \<30 days).
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Subjects are required to meet the following inclusion criteria:

* Community-acquired pneumonia
* initial hospitalization, or treatment in an emergency room or urgent care setting
* infection would require initial treatment with IV antimicrobials.

Exclusion Criteria:

Subjects must NOT meet any of the following exclusion criteria:

* CAP suitable for outpatient therapy with an oral antimicrobial agent
* respiratory tract infections not due to community-acquired bacterial
* Non-infectious causes of pulmonary infiltrates
* Pleural empyema
* Infection with an atypical organism
* History of any hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to any ß-lactam antimicrobial
* History of any hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to clarithromycin or any macrolide/ ketolide

Answer: A