Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Rosuvastatin for Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis in Patients Undergoing Total Knee Replacement Arthroplasty: STOP DVT - A Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT)is devastating disease which influencing the mortality and morbidity of patients at-risk like those undergoing orthopedic surgery.

Recent publication suggested HMO-co-A reductase inhibitor (statin) may reduce the occurrence rate of venous thromboembolism in apparently healthy persons.

The pleiotropic property of statin like antioxidant, antithrombotic, anti-inflammatory may have effect on the positive results.

We are investigating whether rosuvastatin is associated with lower incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients undergoing total knee replacement arthroplasty(TKRA)who are at-high risk for developing DVT


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patient has not taken common statins or ezetimibe within 6 weeks of study screening or patient is currently taking a daily dose of the following statins for 6 weeks prior to study screening: simvastatin, atorvastatin, pravastatin, fluvastatin, ezetimibe, lovastatin, or ezetimibe + fluvastatin
* Patient is willing to go on a cholesterol and glucose lowering diet for the duration of the study
* Patient is willing to remain abstinent or use birth control for the duration of the study
* Patient has Diabetes Mellitus with cardiovascular disease

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient has sensitivity to certain common statin drugs
* Patient is Asian and would not be able to start taking the higher doses of rosuvastatin necessary for the study design
* Patient consumes more than 2 alcoholic drinks per day
* Patient is pregnant or breast-feeding
* Patient has been treated with other investigational drugs within 30 days of first visit
* Patient is currently on prohibited doses of the following statin drugs: rosuvastatin, simvastatin, atorvastatin, and pravastatin
* Patient has congestive heart failure
* Patient has uncontrolled high blood pressure
* Patient has kidney disease
* Patient has uncontrolled endocrine or metabolic disease which are known to possibly increase blood lipoproteins
* Patient has diabetes mellitus that is not well controlled
* Patient is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive
* Patient is currently taking medications that inhibit Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)
* Patient is currently taking therapies that would increase the risk of muscle weakness
* Patient has been taking certain over- the-counter lipid-lowering agents within 6 weeks prior to visit 1
* Patient is currently taking psyllium or other fiber-based laxatives
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Men and women aged 45 and older with established vascular disease and atherogenic dyslipidemia
* Established vascular disease defined as one or more of the following: (1) documented coronary artery disease (CAD); (2) documented cerebrovascular or carotid disease; (3) documented symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
* Atherogenic dyslipidemia defined as: (1) LDL-C of less than or equal to 160 mg/dL (4.1 mmol/L); (2) HDL-C of less than or equal to 40 mg/dL (1.0 mmol/L) for men or less than or equal to 50 mg/dL (1.3 mmol/L) for women; (3) TG greater than or equal to 150 mg/dL (1.7 mmol/L) and less than or equal to 400 mg/dL (4.5 mmol/L)
* For patients entering the trial on a statin: (1) the upper limit for LDL-C is adjusted according to the specific statin and statin dose; (2) HDL-C of less than or equal to 42 mg/dL (1.1 mmol/L) for men or less than or equal to 53 mg/dL (1.4 mmol/L) for women; (3) TG greater than or equal to 125 mg/dL (1.4 mmol/L) and less than or equal to 400 mg/DL (4.5 mmol/L)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery within 1 year of planned enrollment (run-in phase)
* Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) within 4 weeks of planned enrollment (run-in phase)
* Hospitalization for acute coronary syndrome and discharge within 4 weeks of planned enrollment (run-in phase)
* Fasting glucose greater than 180 mg/dL (10 mmol/L) or hemoglobin A1C greater than 9%
* For patients with diabetes, inability or refusal to use a glucometer for home monitoring of blood glucose
* Concomitant use of drugs with a high probability of increasing the risk for hepatotoxicity or myopathy, such as those predominantly metabolized by cytochrome P450 system 3A4, including but not limited to cyclosporine, gemfibrozil, fenofibrate, itraconazole, ketoconazole, HIV protease inhibitors, nefazodone, verapamil, amiodarone; lipid-lowering drugs (other than the investigational drugs) such as statins, bile-acid sequestrants, cholesterol absorption inhibitors (e.g., ezetimibe), fibrates or high-dose, antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C, E, or beta carotene) that can interfere with the HDL-raising effect of niacin
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients who are going to receive total knee replacement arthroplasty from any cause.
* \< 19 years old

Exclusion Criteria:

* patients with cancer
* Patients receiving anticoagulant agents from any cause
* current statin users
* expecting survival from other co-morbidity \< 1year
* Bed ridden patient
* AST, ALT \> 3times of upper normal limit
* CK\> upper normal limit
* pregnancy
* patients who receives hormone replacement therapy
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Symptoms consistent with calf claudication and described as life style limiting
* Objective evidence of peripheral artery disease (PAD): Ankle brachial index less than 0.9 OR other hemodynamic or imaging modalities confirming significant PAD
* Baseline imaging reveals superficial femoral artery (SFA) disease starting at least 5 cm from the origin of the SFA
* Agrees to be available for follow-up and is able to participate in all study testing procedures
* Weight and/or body characteristics that will allow testing with MRI
* No known contraindication to lipid lowering agents
* Serum creatinine level less than 2.5 mg/dL
* Scheduled to undergo or has already undergone an endovascular intervention of a de novo lesion in the SFA with an anticipated result that would satisfy hemodynamic stability OR is medically managed and does not require an intervention at this time
* Compressible arteries (if not, has toe brachial index \[TBI\] less than 0.7)
* Has/had an A, B, C lesion amendable to a catheter based therapy (prior bypass is acceptable)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-atherosclerotic disease that is responsible for claudication
* Unstable cardiac disease (e.g., unstable angina, heart attack within the 30 days before study entry, uncontrolled coronary heart failure, poorly controlled hypertension \[systolic blood pressure greater than 180 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure greater than 100 mmHg\], ventricular arrhythmias)
* Pancreatitis
* Documented hypercoagulable state
* Clinically severe diabetic neuropathy
* Rest pain, gangrene, or tissue loss
* Active peptic ulcer disease or a recent gastrointestinal bleed that would prohibit the use of an anti-platelet (aspirin/Plavix)
* Untreated or unsuccessfully controlled psychiatric disease
* Chronic hepatic disease determined by aspartate transaminase (AST) and/or alanine transaminase (ALT) more than 3 times upper limit of normal (ULN) and/or total bilirubin more than 2 times ULN
* Creatine phosphokinase (CPK) more than 3 times ULN (may be repeated once before patient is excluded)
* Active gout symptoms or a uric acid level greater than 1.3 times ULN
* Untreated hypothyroidism
* Allergy to Plavix, nickel, titanium, niacin, Ezetimibe, statins, or their derivatives
* Participated in another interventional study within the 30 days before study entry
* Scheduled to undergo planned synchronous bilateral percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) procedures
* Requires an above the ankle amputation
* Scheduled to undergo elective surgery within 30 days after the PTA procedure
* Has an implanted pacemaker, defibrillator, neural stimulator, brain clip, insulin pump, cochlear implant, or any other predetermined radiographic finding that would exclude MRI testing
* Has claustrophobia that would prevent MRI testing
* Recent drug or alcohol abuse history (less than 6 months before study entry) or is currently using or abusing excessive alcohol or drugs (excessive alcohol will be defined as greater than 14 drinks per week)
* Past recipient of a cardiac, kidney, liver, lung, or other organ transplant (skin grafts are acceptable)

Answer: C