Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effect of Resistance Training on Cognitive Performance, Cortical Plasticity, and Fall Risk in Women Aged 65-75 Years Old: A 12-Month RCT
Brief Summary: Primary Objectives:

1. To ascertain whether a 12-month, twice-weekly or once-weekly resistance training (RT) program will significantly improve executive function in community-dwelling women aged 65 to 75 years old compared with a 12-month, twice-weekly stretch and relax (S \& R) program (shame exercise). We will assess executive function by standard neuropsychological tests.

Secondary Objectives:

1. To describe the neural mechanisms that underpin the observed changes in executive function associated with a 12-month, twice-weekly or once-weekly RT training (by using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)).
2. To investigate whether RT-induced changes in executive function are independently associated with changes in physiological fall risk profile.
3. To investigate the dose response of RT (resistance training) on bone health as measured by dual energy x-ray and peripheral quantitative computed tomography.
4. To conduct a one-year follow-up after the formal cessation of the resistance training programs to determine the persisting effect of resistance training on cognitive performance, cortical plasticity, physiological falls risk, and bone health.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Community living Caucasian woman ≥ 65 years; live expectation \> 2 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* secondary osteoporosis
* CVD-events including stroke
* Participation in other studies
* Medication with impact on bone during the last 2 years:

  * bisphosphonates
  * parathormone
  * strontium
  * HRT, anabolic steroids
  * calcitonin
  * natriumflourides
  * active Vit-D-metabolites
  * cortisone \> 5 mg/d
* medication with impact on falls
* low physical performance (\<50 Watt during ergometry)
* excessive alcohol-intake
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* At least one fall in the last 6 months
* Living in their own home or in a home for the aged
* Availability of a primary caregiver caring for the patient at least once a week
* Ability to walk 15 meters independently (use of a walking aid is permitted)
* Life expectancy of more than 6 months, as judged by their geriatrician

Exclusion Criteria:

* Dyads of patients and caregivers in whom outcome assessment is highly unlikely to succeed, for example because they proved not to be able to register falls in the three months before randomization, will be excluded
* MMSE score of less than 15
* On the waiting list for a nursing home
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Sedentary (less than twice weekly exercising) women aged 65-75 years old without conditions restricting them from exercising.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* 65 years old or older
* Having been treated in emergency department or submitted to hospital after a fall
* Living in the Glostrup area.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Fall due to strong external force, new apoplexia cerebri, epileptic seizure, alcohol intoxication.
* Known cognitive impairment
* Not able to walk prior to fall
* Living in institution
* Planned geriatric intervention.

Answer: C