Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Alcohol Consumption and Alcohol Reduction Intervention Among HIV Infected Persons in a Large Urban HIV Clinic in Uganda
Brief Summary: Background: Approximately 6.4% of Ugandans are living with HIV, that is acquired and transmitted mainly through sexual intercourse between an HIV infected and uninfected person. Uganda is ranked among 28 top per capita alcohol consumers in the world and second in Africa. in the general population, Alcohol consumption is associated with increased sexual transmission risks for HIV. Data on alcohol consumption and its impact on sexual behaviors and HIV disease progression among HIV infected persons, the persons able to transmit HIV are lacking in this setting.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of alcohol consumption among HIV infected persons, assess associations between alcohol and CD4 cell count as well as evaluate the effect of alcohol motivational intervention counseling on alcohol consumption and the subsequent practice of risky sexual behaviors, among HIV infected persons.

Methodology: Using both cross-sectional and longitudinal methods,persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) attending the Infectious Diseases Institute Clinic (IDI clinic) will be recruited, baseline alcohol consumption evaluated, and eligible subjects reporting alcohol consumption will be randomized to receive either Standard positive prevention counseling alone or in addition to alcohol motivation intervention counseling. Sexual risk behaviors and alcohol consumption will be evaluated at 3 and 6 months and compared between randomization arms.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years of age or older
* Arrived for a visit in primary care
* ASSIST Substance Specific Involvement Score of greater than or equal to 4 for subjects included in primary analyses; ASSIST Substance-Specific Involvement Scores of 2 or 3 for subjects included only in exploratory analyses
* No previous MASBIRT intervention in the past 3 months
* Fluent in English or Spanish
* Two contacts who can assist with locating the subject for follow-up
* Able to return to Boston Medical Center in the next 6 months for research study visits
* Not pregnant (because care systems and resources differ greatly for such subjects)
* Able to be interviewed by trained research staff (excluding those in acute discomfort or with significantly impaired cognition)

Exclusion Criteria:

* NOT 18 years of age or older
* NOT Arrived for a visit in primary care
* NO ASSIST Substance Specific Involvement Score of greater than or equal to 4 for subjects included in primary analyses; or NO ASSIST Substance-Specific Involvement Scores of 2 or 3 for subjects included only in exploratory analyses
* ANY previous MASBIRT intervention in the past 3 months
* NOT Fluent in English or Spanish
* FEWER THAN two contacts who can assist with locating the subject for follow-up
* NOT able to return to Boston Medical Center in the next 6 months for research study visits
* Pregnant (because care systems and resources differ greatly for such subjects)
* UN-Able to be interviewed by trained research staff (excluding those in acute discomfort or with significantly impaired cognition)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients who are treated for an intentional or unintentional injury associated with motor vehicle collisions involving driver (i.e., passenger or pedestrian) will be eligible for inclusion in the study.
* Patients who are treated for an intentional or unintentional injury associated with violence-related injuries including gunshot wounds, stab wounds, or other injuries related to assaults and falls will be eligible for inclusion in the study.
* Patients must be eighteen years of age or older.
* Study clinicians actively monitor these patients on a daily basis and the patient's ability to participate is determined through the use of hospital medical records, daily contact with the emergency department nursing staff and hospital personnel as well as direct contact with the patient.
* Currently, patients who are intoxicated at the time of admission to the emergency room are maintained in an observation area or admitted for twenty-three hour observation in order to rule out severe injury. They will be monitored by study personnel on an hourly basis and approached to participate in the study after evidence of acute intoxication has subsided.
* Admitted patients who are intoxicated will be approached during their hospital stay after they are medically stable.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with other penetrating trauma not related to motor vehicle collisions, violence or falls, such as poisoning, bites, contusions, concussions, strains and sprains are excluded.
* Patients with traumatic brain injury, or a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of less than 15, are also excluded.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Both males and females aged at least 18 years.
* Willing to continue receiving care /be followed up at the IDI for the next 6 months.
* Willing to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Very sick with Karnofsky clinical performance score \< 50.
* Pregnant women
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy \<30 weeks
* Have not attended drug treatment in past 28 days
* Not needing residential treatment (except detox)
* Not at risk for suicide/homicide
* Have no pending legal charges (except drug treatment)

Answer: C