Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effectiveness of Noradrenaline to Control Intraoperative Arterial Pressure in High-risk Surgical Patients: A Multicentre Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether a preventive strategy of intraoperative arterial hypotension using noradrenaline can reduce the incidence of postoperative organ failure.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 50 years
* ASA score ≥ 2
* Planned and unplanned surgical procedures
* Abdominal, orthopaedic and vascular surgery
* Expected duration ≥ 2 hours
* AKI risk index ≥ class 3

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severe preoperative hypertension (not controlled)
* Creatinine clearance \< 30 ml/min or preoperative dialysis
* Acute cardiac failure
* Preoperative sepsis
* Preoperative hemodynamic failure (shock)
* Intraoperative use of locoregional anaesthesia (epidural and spinal)
* Patient refusal
* Pregnancy and/or lactation
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* ≥ 18 years of age.
* scheduled elective or subacute cardiac surgery with the use of CPB.
* type of surgery either coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and/or heart valve surgery (provided that the valve prosthesis used is MRI compatible).

Exclusion Criteria:

* a history of stroke.
* a history of reversible ischemic deficits (duration of symptoms 24-72 hours)
* a history of transitory ischemic attacks (duration of symptoms \< 24 hours)
* diagnosis of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimers, Multiple Sclerosis etc.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* hospitalized in intensive care unit for less than 7 days
* septic shock for less than 24 hours
* at least one proven site of infection
* at least 2 organ dysfunction as defined by a SOFA score =or\> to 3 for at least 6 consecutive hours
* need for vasopressor (dopamine =or\>15µg/kg/min or epinephrine/norepinephrine at =or\>0,25 µg/kg/min for at least 6 consecutive hours, to maintain systolic arterial pressure at 90 mmHg or more OR mean arterial pressure at 6( mmHg or more
* informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* pregnancy or breath feeding
* decision not to resuscitate
* underlying disease with an estimated life expectancy of less than 1 month
* formal indication for corticosteroids
* recent surgery (ie within the past 72 hours) or a surgery at high risk of bleeding
* gastro-intestinal bleeding within the past 6 weeks
* chronic liver disease (Child C)
* recent trauma (ie within the past 72 hours)
* intracranial process
* history of stroke, CNS bleeding or traumatic brain injury within the past 3 months
* platelet counts of less than 30000 per cubic millimeter
* formal indication for curative anticoagulant; prophylactic use of heparin is allowed
* any condition of high risk of bleeding as per patient's primary physicians
* hypersensitivity of activated drotrecogin alpha or any other component of the drug
* no affiliation to a social security

Amendments to eligibility criteria were:

On 27/03/2008: Changes in following exclusion criteria :

* "surgical procedure in the past 7 days" was changed for "surgical procedure within 72 hours, or any surgery associated with high risk of bleeding, or a planned surgery within 24 h".
* "chronic liver disease" was clarified as "chronic liver disease with Child score C".
* "severe thrombopenia" was clarified "as severe thrombopenia (\<30,000/mm3, before transfusion).

On 25/08/2009: The exclusion criteria: surgical procedure within 72 hours, or any surgery associated with high risk of bleeding, or a planned surgery within 24 h" was changed for "surgical procedure within 12 hours, or any surgery associated with high risk of bleeding

On 11/06/2010: the inclusion criteria: admitted to the ICU for \< 7 days was removed; and a new exclusion criteria was added: "patients who had a previous episode of sepsis during the same hospital stay

On 18/04/2012: following the withdrawal of DAA from the market: the following exclusion criteria (only related to DAA) were removed :

1. any surgery in the past 12 hours, or any surgery associated with high risk of bleeding;
2. chronic liver disease with a Child score C;
3. recent trauma;
4. any intracranial mass, or stroke or head injury in the past 3 months;
5. severe thrombocytopenia (\< 30.000 /mm3, before platelet transfusion);
6. formal indication for anticoagulation, or any other condition associated with increased risk of bleeding, as appreciated by the patient's physician.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients underwent isolated or combined coronary artery bypass grafting and/or surgical treatment for heart valve diseases

Exclusion Criteria:

* none

Answer: A