Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Diabetes Prevention Program Outcomes Study
Brief Summary: The Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) was a multi-center trial examining the ability of an intensive lifestyle or metformin to prevent or delay the development of diabetes in a high risk population due to the presence of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT, 2 hour glucose of 140-199 mg/dl). The DPP has ended early demonstrating that lifestyle reduced diabetes onset by 58% and metformin reduced diabetes onset by 31%.

DPPOS (2002-2013) is designed to take advantage of the scientifically and clinically valuable DPP participants. This group of participants is nearly 50% minority and represents the largest at risk population ever studied. Clinically important research questions remain that focus on 1) durability of the prior DPP intervention, 2) determination of the clinical course of precisely known new onset diabetes, in particular regarding microvascular disease, CVD risk factors and atherosclerosis, 3) close examination of these topics in men vs women and in minority populations.

The major aims of DPPOS-3 (2014-2025) take advantage of the long-term randomized exposure of the study cohort to metformin and the aging of the DPPOS cohort. The metformin exposure and high degree of study retention and adherence (\~85% of the DPPOS cohort continues to attend annual and mid-year visits) allows DPPOS-3 to examine the long-term effects of metformin on cardiovascular disease (CVD) and cancer outcomes, outcomes of great clinical interest and import.


Options:
A: Arm Label: 1 Original Lifestyle; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: DPPOS Group Lifestyle, Behavioral: DPPOS Boost Lifestyle, Behavioral: Intensive Lifestyle Group Session | Arm Label: 2 Original Metformin; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: DPPOS Group Lifestyle, Drug: Metformin, Behavioral: Intensive Lifestyle Group Session | Arm Label: 3 Original Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: DPPOS Group Lifestyle, Behavioral: Intensive Lifestyle Group Session | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: DPPOS Group Lifestyle; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 Original Lifestyle, 2 Original Metformin, 3 Original Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Metformin; Assigned to Arm(s): 2 Original Metformin | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: DPPOS Boost Lifestyle; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 Original Lifestyle | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Intensive Lifestyle Group Session; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 Original Lifestyle, 2 Original Metformin, 3 Original Placebo
B: Arm Label: Pioglitazone; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: pioglitazone | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: pioglitazone; Assigned to Arm(s): Pioglitazone | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo
C: Arm Label: Liraglutide 3.0mg (week0-56)/Liraglutide 3.0mg (week56-68); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: liraglutide | Arm Label: Liraglutide 3.0mg (week0-56)/Liraglutide Placebo (week56-68); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: placebo | Arm Label: Liraglutide Placebo, no Pre-diabetes; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: placebo | Arm Label: Liraglutide 3.0mg, Pre-diabetes; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: liraglutide | Arm Label: Liraglutide Placebo, Pre-diabetes; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: liraglutide; Assigned to Arm(s): Liraglutide 3.0mg (week0-56)/Liraglutide 3.0mg (week56-68) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Liraglutide 3.0mg (week0-56)/Liraglutide Placebo (week56-68), Liraglutide Placebo, no Pre-diabetes | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: liraglutide; Assigned to Arm(s): Liraglutide 3.0mg, Pre-diabetes | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Liraglutide Placebo, Pre-diabetes
D: Arm Label: Pioglitazone; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Pioglitazone | Arm Label: Placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Pioglitazone; Assigned to Arm(s): Pioglitazone | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo

Answer: A