Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Use of a Forecasting System for Predicting Exacerbations of COPD: Effect on Symptoms and Hospitalisation and Relevance of Viral Infections
Brief Summary: People with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) often have periods during the year when their symptoms become worse. These are often due to an infection and are called "exacerbations" by doctors. Exacerbations are more common in the winter and also seem to be related to particular types of weather. As well as forecasting the weather the UK Met Office has developed a system to try to predict when exacerbations are likely to occur. The main purpose of this research study is to find out whether the Met Office forecasting service can predict when exacerbations are more likely to occur and whether the advice given during the predicted higher risk periods leads to fewer patients having an exacerbation or if it reduces the impact of the exacerbation. The study will also assess if there is a link between viral or bacterial infection and breathing problems that occur during the study period. The study will also collect information about possible causes of the breathing problems and what happens to the person afterwards. The results of this study will help us learn more about breathing problems which may lead to new research studies that would aim to improve the care of people with COPD.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Physician diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome plus polysomnography demonstrating greater than 10 apneas plus hypopneas per hour of sleep
* Age 18-80 years
* Ability to use a telephone without assistance

Exclusion Criteria:

N/A
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 21 years

  * BMI 30-50 kg/m2 and weight ≤ 400 lbs.
  * At least 2 of 5 criteria for metabolic syndrome

    * Elevated waist circumference (\> 102 cm for men, \> 88 cm for women)
    * Elevated blood pressure (≥ 130/85 mmHg)
    * Impaired fasting glucose (≥ 100 mg/dl)
    * Elevated triglycerides (≥ 150 mg/dl)
    * Low HDL cholesterol (\< 40 for men, \< 50 mg/dl for women)
  * Willing to change diet, physical activity and weight
  * Willing to accept randomization to each group
  * Able to give informed consent
  * Patient of participating PCP

Persons with the following conditions are eligible with PCP approval:

* Diabetes mellitus
* Prior CVD event \> 6 months before randomization
* Stable CVD or peripheral vascular disease

Exclusion Criteria:

* Serious medical condition likely to hinder accurate measurement of weight, or for which weight loss is contraindicated, or which would cause weight loss (e.g., end-stage renal disease on dialysis, cancer diagnosis or treatment within 2 yrs)
* Prior or planned bariatric surgery
* Chronic use (at least past 6 months) of medications likely to cause weight gain or prevent weight loss (e.g. corticosteroids, lithium, olanzapine, risperidone, clozapine)
* Unintentional weight loss within 6 months of enrollment (≥ 5% of body weight)
* Intentional weight loss within 6 months of enrollment (≥ 5% of body weight)
* Pregnant or nursing within past 6 months
* Plans to relocate from the area within 2 years
* Another member of household is a study participant or staff in the trial
* Consumes \> 14 alcoholic drinks per week
* Current use of illicit substances
* Psychiatric hospitalization in last year
* Psychiatric condition likely to impair adherence to treatment (e.g., schizophrenia)
* Blood pressure ≥ 160/100 mmHg; patient may be re-screened in 1 month
* Principal Investigator or PCP discretion
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Current or former smokers with a diagnosis of COPD
* Having impaired lung function as measured by spirometry

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of asthma or nasal symptoms caused by hayfever
* No telephone
* Inability to record symptoms in an electronic diary (PDA)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* African-American
* Female
* Ages 25-44
* BMI between 25-34.9 kg/m2
* Patients with at least 1 visit in the previous 24 months to a participating Community Health Center

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not currently pregnant
* Not given birth within the past 12 months
* No history of myocardial infarction or stroke in last 2 years

Answer: C