Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomised, Double-blind, Placebo Controlled, Parallel Group 24 Week Study to Assess the Efficacy and Safety of BI 1356 (5 mg) in Combination With 30 mg Pioglitazone (Both Administered Orally Once Daily), Compared to 30 mg Pioglitazone Plus Placebo in Drug Naive or Previously Treated Type 2 Diabetic Patients With Insufficient Glycaemic Control.
Brief Summary: The objective of the current study is to investigate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of BI 1356 (Linagliptin) (5 mg / once daily) compared to placebo given for 24 weeks as initial combination therapy with pioglitazone 30 mg in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with insufficient glycaemic control.


Options:
A: Inclusion criteria:

1. Signed and dated written Informed Consent (IC) by date of Visit 1a in accordance with Good Clinical Practice (GCP) and local legislation
2. Patients with a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes mellitus and treatment naive or previously treated with any oral hypoglycaemic agent; antidiabetic therapy has to be unchanged for ten weeks prior to informed consent.
3. Glycosylated haemoglobin A1 (HbA1c) 7.5-11% at Visit 2 (Start of Run-in).
4. Male and female patients aged \> or = 18 and \< or = to 80 years at Visit 1a (Screening).
5. Body Mass Index (BMI) \< or = 40 kg/m2 at Visit 1a (Screening)
6. Signed and dated written informed consent prior to admission to the study in accordance with GCP and local legislation.

Exclusion criteria:

1. Myocardial infarction, stroke or Transient Isquemic Atack (TIA) within 6 months prior to Inform Consent (IC)
2. Impaired hepatic function, defined by serum levels of either Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST), or alkaline phosphatase above 3 x upper limit of normal (ULN) determined at Visit 1a.
3. Known hypersensitivity or allergy to the investigational product or its excipients and/or to hydrochloride of pioglitazone or its excipients
4. Treatment with Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogue / agonist within 3 months prior to IC.
5. Treatment with insulin within 3 months prior to IC
6. Treatment with anti-obesity drugs 3 months prior to IC.
7. Alcohol abuse within the 3 months prior to IC that would interfere with trial participation or drug abuse.
8. Participation in another trial with an investigational drug within 2 months prior to IC.
9. Fasting blood glucose \> 240 mg/dl (=13.3 mmol/L) at screening (Visit 1).
10. Pre-menopausal women (last menstruation \< or =1 year prior to signing IC) who:

    * are nursing or pregnant,
    * or are of child-bearing potential and are not practicing an acceptable method of birth control, or do not plan to continue using this method throughout the study and do not agree to submit to periodic pregnancy testing during participation in the trial. Acceptable methods of birth control include transdermal patch, intra uterine devices/systems (IUDs/IUSs), oral, implantable or injectable contraceptives, sexual abstinence and vasectomised partner. No exception will be made.
11. Treatment with systemic steroids or change in the dosage of thyroid hormone within six weeks prior to IC
12. Heart failure New York Heart Asociation (NYHA) class I-IV, or history of heart failure.
13. Diabetic ketoacidosis within 6 months prior to IC.
14. Hemodialyzed patients due to limited experience with Thiazolidinediones (TZDs)
15. Any other clinical condition wich, in the opinion of the investigator, would not alow safe completion of the protocol and safe administration of BI1356 and pioglitazone.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years or older
* Diagnosed with type 2 diabetes
* On a stable dose of metformin of at least 1500 mg per day

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of type 1 diabetes
* Pregnant
* HIV positive
* On a weight loss program or medication
* Has a history of blood disorder, certain cancers, heart, liver or kidney disease
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* type 2 diabetes
* BMI 20-45kg/m2 inclusive

Exclusion Criteria:

* females who are pregnant, lactating, or \<6 weeks post-partum
* CHF NYHA class III-IV
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* All patients must have a diagnosis of T2DM
* Patients in the main study must have a Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) between \>=7% and \<=10% and a fasting plasma glucose (FPG) \<270 mg/dL (15 mmol/L)
* Patients in the High Glycemic Cohort Substudy must have an HbA1c between \>10% and \<=12% and a FPG \<=350 mg/dL (19.44 mmol/L)

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of diabetic ketoacidosis, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), pancreas or beta cell transplantation, diabetes secondary to pancreatitis or pancreatectomy, or a severe hypoglycemic episode within 6 months before screening

Answer: A