Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Multi-center Randomized Controlled Trial of Respiratory Function Monitoring During Stabilization of Preterm Infants at Birth
Brief Summary: This is a randomized trial to determine if a visible respiratory function monitor (RFM) displaying realtime measurements of delivered inflations improves clinical providers ability to perform positive pressure ventilation (PPV) within a pre-defined target tidal volume in preterm infants after birth.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Preterm infants with a gestational age (GA) at birth of 24 - 29+6/7 weeks
* Receiving invasive mechanical ventilation or non-invasive respiratory support (NCPAP or NIPPV)
* Receiving supplemental oxygen (defined as FiO2 ≥ 0.25) at the time of enrollment and for at least 18 hours during the previous 24 hours; Or a coefficient of variation in supplemental oxygen of ≥ 0.1 in the previous 24 hours.
* Expected to complete the 49-hour or 50-hour study period in the current form of respiratory support, i.e. invasive mechanical ventilation or non-invasive respiratory support
* Written informed parental consent must be present.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Major congenital anomalies
* Arterial hypotension requiring vasopressor therapy within 48 hours prior to enrollment.
* If the attending physician considers the infant not stable enough for a switch to another ventilator.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* postmenstrual age \<30 wks GA at study time
* on nasal/nasopharyngeal CPAP or mechanical ventilation (including nasopharyngeal IMV)
* at least 4 desaturations (SpO2 \<80%) during an 8 hour period within the 24h before the study using a standard pulse oximeter incorporated in the NICU (Dash 3000, General Electric, Freiburg; 10s averaging time, delay 10s)

Exclusion Criteria:

* postnatal age \<96h (to exclude rapidly changing conditions during the early phase of RDS and to avoid handling of the infant during the critical period for IVH)
* congenital cyanotic heart disease
* no decision for full treatment support
* Average FiO2 during the last 24h bevor the active study phase \>0.60
* Congenital malformations of the lung or the diaphragm (i.e. diaphragmatic hernia, congentital cystic lung diseases...)
* Clinically clear evidence for seizures
* Ongoing Sepsis (CRP \> 10mg/l, or positive blood culture, requirement of catecholamines)
* Need of blood-transfusion during study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Gestational age 23 0/7 - 27 6/7 weeks
* Postnatal age \< 24 hours

Exclusion Criteria:

* Infant not considered viable (decision made not to administer effective therapies)
* Dysmorphic features or congenital malformations that adversely affect life expectancy or neurodevelopment
* Known or strongly suspected cyanotic heart disease
* Persistent pulmonary hypertension, e.g. associated with pulmonary hypoplasia
* Unlikely to be available for long-term follow-up
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Gestational age (GA) 24 - 27 6/7 weeks at birth, by best obstetrical
* Receive positive pressure ventilation during delivery room resuscitation

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known major anomalies including that may affect measured cardiorespiratory parameters: congenital diaphragmatic hernia, trachea-oesophageal fistula, cyanotic heart disease, pulmonary hypoplasia
* RFM not available during resuscitation

Answer: D