Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Wheezing in Black Preterm Infants: Impact of Vitamin D Supplementation Strategy
Brief Summary: The goal of this study is to identify a vitamin D supplementation strategy that best promotes the lung, immune, and overall health of black infants born preterm (28-36 weeks gestational age). This is a high risk population that seems to have unique vitamin D needs, and inappropriate supplementation may promote wheezing or allergy. The results of this study will help form nutritional recommendations for the approximately 100,000 black infants born at 30-36 weeks gestational age in the U.S. every year.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 1-5 years
* Physician-diagnosed asthma (as per the 2015 Canadian Position Paper on the diagnosis of preschool asthma)
* ≥1 asthma exacerbation requiring rescue oral corticosteroids (OCS) in the past 6 months or ≥2 in the past 12 months (as documented by pharmacy/medical records)
* ≥4 upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) in the past 12 months (as per parental report)
* URTIs as the main asthma trigger (as per parental report)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Intake \> 400 IU/day of vitamin D3 supplements or fish oil in the past 3 months
* Intention to use \> 400 IU/day of vitamin D3 supplements or fish oil in the fall and winter
* Extreme prematurity (\< 28 week gestation)
* No vitamin D supplementation (if breast-fed in the last 6 months)
* Vitamin D restrictive diets, that is, minimal intake of vitamin D fortified milk (\<250 mL/day for 1-3 years or \<375 mL/day for 4-6 years AND no other (or \<200 IU/day) vitamin D supplement
* Recent immigrants from regions at high risk of rickets (in the past 12 months)
* Recent refugees (in the past 12 months)
* Undernourished children
* Other chronic respiratory disease (e.g. Cystic fibrosis, Bronchopulmonary dysplasia) or chronic kidney, gastrointestinal, endocrinological or cardiac diseases, or sickle cell anemia?
* History of bone disorder disease (e.g. rickets, osteomalacia)
* Intake of oral anti-epileptic, diuretic or anti-fungal medications
* Anticipated difficulty with follow-up or with adherence to the intervention or the procedures
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Infants born at term (37-42 wks, weight appropriate for gestational age) are included in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non Caucasian mother
* Any continuous regular medication of mother
* Treatment at neonatal intensive care unit
* Antibiotic treatment of the infant
* Congenital malformations of the newborn
* Treatment with ventilation support (continuous nasal positive airway pressure) for over 24 hours
* Glucose infusion of the newborn
* Neurological symptoms of the newborn
* Phototherapy for jaundice of the newborn
* Need for nasogastric feeding of the newborn
C: Inclusion criteria:

1. 28 0/7-36 6/7 weeks gestational age (GA) at birth;
2. family identifies the child as black or African American;
3. \< 28 days of supplemental oxygen (subsequent oxygen therapy for \< 72 hrs for a brief subsequent illness or surgery will be allowed);
4. admitted to a participating site NICU, special care nursery, transitional care nursery, or well-baby nursery as a neonate; and
5. \< 40 weeks corrected GA at enrollment.

Exclusion criteria:

1. BPD (\> 28 days of supplemental oxygen);
2. pre-existing diagnosis of moderate to severe osteopenia of prematurity and/or alkaline phosphatase \> 700;
3. history of fracture;
4. gastrointestinal surgery, including for NEC;
5. known gastrointestinal malabsorption;
6. major congenital anomaly;
7. congenital pulmonary or airway disorder (e.g., cystic fibrosis, tracheomalacia, swallowing disorder, bronchopulmonary sequestration);
8. documented wheezing or stridor prior to enrollment;
9. previous vit. D supplementation with \> 400 IU/day;
10. family plans to move more than 60 miles from CWRU or other pre-defined radius at other sites;
11. baseline hypo- or hypercalcemia, hypo- or hyperphosphatemia; and
12. baseline 25(OH) D level \< 10 ng/ml.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Child is \> 6 months of age but \< 19 years old
* Burn injury \> 30% total body surface area
* Admitted to SHC within 4 days of injury
* Attending physician decision that patient is likely to survive
* Parents or legal guardian give informed consent along with assent of the child as applicable

Exclusion Criteria:

* Attending physician decision that patient is not likely to survive
* Prior history of anticonvulsant or glucocorticoid use, gastric/bowel resection, parathyroid disease, liver disease, chronic renal failure or prior pharmacologic vitamin D use (\>1000 IU/D)

Answer: C