Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The "Peripheral Access Utilizing Sonographic Evaluation" Study
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to reduce, by using the ultrasound guided technique, the minor surgical procedures that might be required to deliver fluids into the blood of critically ill patients simply because the patients' veins cannot be located through the manual technique.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hospitalized in the post-emergency unit
* Requiring the placement of a venous catheter in the post-emergency unit
* Affiliation to social security or benefiting from such a scheme
* Informed and written consent signed

Exclusion Criteria:

* Protected person (art. L1121-5 to L1121-8 of the CSP)
* Patient included in another interventional study
* Patient already included for a first catheter placement in the post-emergency unit.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* The patient is \>= 21 years of age
* Adult critically ill patients in CCU and MICU requiring short peripheral intravenous access
* The patient has been identified as difficult intravenous access (DIVA), defined as at least two failed blind sticks in the antecubital fossa or more distal upper arm veins
* The patient does not otherwise require a CVC

Exclusion Criteria:

* The patient has a PICC line on the same side as IV placement and has the following:

  * Has a condition poses risk for DIC, inadequate flow, or infection.
  * Has been identified as a site for "Save the Vein" protocol implementation, unless permission is otherwise obtained by the patient's physician.
  * Has a hemodialysis fistula in place on that upper arm side.
* The patient is expected to require therapeutic agent or procedure that necessitates central venous access such as:

  * central venous monitoring
  * Total Parenteral Nutrition
  * Antibiotic requiring central venous access
  * Chemotherapy
  * Vesicants
  * Medications pH less than 5 or more than 9
  * Medications of glucose concentrations above 10%
  * Solution with protein concentrations above 5% (Vascular Access Management, n.d.)
* The patient already has a central venous catheter access, for reasons other than DIVA, through which therapy can be infused
* The patient has renal disease and a "Save The Vein" order is anticipated or pending (serum creatinine \>2mg/dL and GFR \<20) for one of the patient's arms, unless permission is otherwise obtained by the patient's physician
* The patient has a bleeding disorder, unless permission is otherwise obtained by the patient's physician
* The clinician believes the patient is not a good fit for the study or that the procedure is not appropriate for patient at the given moment
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Admission to the Department of Infectious Disease or Department of Heart Disease.
* ≥18 years of age
* Expected requirement for iv. therapy \>5 days from the day of enrolment as evaluated by a specialist in infectious diseases.
* Mentally competency

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lack of patient consent
* Requirement for a CVC before study eligibility screening or anticipation of an absolute indication for CVC inserted within 24 hours of screening
* Personnel for insertion of midline catheter not available
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* The patients included were those who were hospitalized in the Internal Medicine Service of the Consorcio Hospital General Universitario de Valencia who needed intravenous therapy and who had signed the Informed Consent for placement of a midline at the time of the change of the PIVC placed in the emergency unit.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Those with a forecast hospitalization of less than one week, those who were receiving palliative or symptomatic treatment, those who were carriers of a CVC or those who had presented difficulty in venous access with midline after two consecutive attempts were excluded

Answer: B