Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Protective Effects of Long-term Remote Limb Ischemic Preconditioning For Carotid Artery Stenting
Brief Summary: Remote limb ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) has neuro-protective and anti-inflammatory effects on ischemia- reperfusion injury. As the extent of its effect is unknown, the investigators will use clinical outcome, serum biochemical markers and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to determine whether RIPC has neuro-protective and anti-inflammatory effects on patients undergoing carotid artery stenting.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Symptomatic or asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis. In symptomatic patients the degree of stenosis should more than 60% (Based on NASCET Criteria), in asymptomatic patients the degree of stenosis should more than 70% (Based on NASCET Criteria);
2. Tolerance to any of the study medications, including clopidogrel, aspirin and statins;
3. Can cooperate with and complete brain MRI examination;
4. Has a negative pregnancy test within 7 days before randomization and no childbearing potential;
5. Vascular ultrasound excluded intravascular thrombosis and unstable plaques in blood vessels of the bilateral upper limbs;
6. No hemorrhagic tendency;
7. Stable vital sign, normal renal and hepatic functions;
8. Informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Evolving stroke;
2. Prior major ipsilateral stroke, if likely to confound study endpoints;
3. Severe dementia;
4. Hemorrhagic conversion of an ischemic stroke within the past 60 days;
5. Chronic atrial fibrillation;
6. Myocardial infarction within previous 30 days;
7. Inability to understand and cooperate with study procedures or provide informed consent;
8. Participating in other device or drug trial that has not completed the required protocol follow-up period;
9. Any conditions that hampers proper angiographic assessment or makes percutaneous arterial access unsafe;
10. High risk candidates defined as the Carotid Revascularization Endarterectomy vs. Stenting Trial (CREST);
11. Any vascular, extremity soft tissue or orthopedic injury that may contraindicate bilateral arm ischemic preconditioning (e.g. superficial wounds and fractures of the arm);
12. Blood pressure cannot be controlled lower than 200 mmHg by medications;
13. Peripheral blood vessel disease (especially subclavian arterial and upper limb artery stenosis or occlusion).
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm offered surgery
* Age \> 18 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Technical inoperable
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Undergoing elective major vascular surgery at the Minneapolis VA Medical Center for abdominal aortic aneurysm, carotid disease or limb ischemia.
* Age \> 18.
* Provides informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Hypertensive crisis
* Peripheral arterial disease of the upper extremities
* Arteriovenous (AV) fistula
* Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) in the last 6 months
* Severe valvular heart disease
* Pregnant women
* Unable to provide consent
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age greater than 18 years
* Patient willing to give full informed consent for participation
* Patients undergoing elective carotid endarterectomy or
* Patients undergoing open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair or
* Patients undergoing endovascular abdominal aneurysm repair or
* Patients undergoing surgical lower limb revascularisation (suprainguinal or infrainguinal)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy
* Significant upper limb peripheral arterial disease
* Previous history of upper limb deep vein thrombosis
* Patients on glibenclamide or nicorandil (these medications may interfere with RIPC) Patients with an estimated pre-operative glomerular filtration rate \< 30mls/min/1.73m2
* Patients with a known history of myocarditis, pericarditis or amyloidosis
* Patients with an estimated pre-operative glomerular filtration rate \< 30mls/min/1.73m2.
* Patients with severe hepatic disease defined as an international normalised ratio \>2 in the absence of systemic anticoagulation
* Patients with severe respiratory disease (for the trial, defined as patients requiring home oxygen therapy)
* Patients previously enrolled in the trial representing for a further procedure
* Patients with previous axillary surgery

Answer: A