Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Subacute and Chronic, Non-specific Back and Neck Pain: Cognitive-behavioral Rehabilitation Compared With Traditional Primary Care Concerning Sick-listing and Health-care Visits. A Randomized Controlled Trial, 18-month Follow-up
Brief Summary: BACKGROUND

Non-specific back and neck pain (BNP) dominates sick-listing. A program of cognitive-behavioral rehabilitation for subacute and chronic BNP was compared, with 18-month follow-up, with traditional primary care concerning sick-listing and health-care visits.

METHODS

After stratification to age (44 (years) and younger/45 and older) and subacute/chronic BNP (= full-time sick-listed 43-84/85-730 days respectively), 125 primary-care patients were randomized to a rehabilitation center or continued health-center care. Outcome measures were Return-to-work (=the proportion who regained work ability for at least 30 consecutive days), the proportion with Work ability at different time points, Total sick-listing (expressed in whole days) and the total number of Visits (to physicians, physiotherapists etc.) 1-18 months and corresponding six-month periods. For the analyses were used t-test, z-test, generalized estimating equations and a mixed, linear model.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Men or women who are skeletally mature.
2. Fracture of any extremity with complete radiographs.
3. Open fractures (Gustilo-Anderson Types I-IIIB) (Table 2)\*.
4. Fracture requiring operative fixation.
5. Provision of informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Open fractures with an associated vascular deficit (Gustilo-Anderson Type IIIC).
2. Known allergy to detergents or castile soap ingredients.
3. Previous wound infection or history of osteomyelitis in the injured extremity.
4. Previous fracture with retained hardware in injured extremity that will interfere with new implant fixation.
5. Surgical delay to operative wound management greater than 24 hours from hospital admission.
6. Use of immunosuppressive medication within 6 months.
7. Immunological deficient disease conditions (e.g. HIV).
8. Fracture of the hand (metacarpals and phalanges).
9. Fracture of the toes (phalanges).
10. Likely problems, in the judgment of the investigators, with maintaining follow-up. We will, for example, exclude patients with no fixed address, those who report a plan to move out of town in the next year, or intellectually challenged patients without adequate family support.
11. Previous randomization in this study or a competing study.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients sicklisted 2-10 months for low back pain
* The following diagnosis are included: L02, L03, L84 and L86

Exclusion Criteria:

* Being off the sick list
* Pregnancy
* Osteoporosis
* Cancer
* L diagnoses suggesting recent low back pain trauma
* Specific spinal or other injuries which may account for the current back pain
* Serious psychiatric pathology
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Current episode of low back pain
* mechanical origin
* Threshold low back pain level

Exclusion Criteria:

* Contraindications to spinal manipulation or massage
* Complicating conditions that could confound clinical outcome
* Prophylactic use of prescription medication
* Health-related litigation, claims, or disability compensation
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Working age up to and including 59 years.
2. Sick-listed full-time for BNP for at least 42 days and at most 730 days.
3. Able to manage tolerably well to fill in forms.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Temporary disability pension or disability pension being paid or in preparation.
2. A primary need of action by a hospital specialist.
3. Pregnancy and diseases which would probably make rehabilitation impracticable (for example, advanced pulmonary disease).
4. Whiplash-associated disorders as a primary obstacle to working.
5. Previous rehabilitation at the rehabilitation centre.
6. Other multidisciplinary rehabilitation going on or planned.

Answer: D