Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Phase III Randomized Study of Cetuximab (Erbitux™, C225) and Best Supportive Care Versus Best Supportive Care in Patients With Pretreated Metastatic Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-Positive Colorectal Carcinoma
Brief Summary: RATIONALE: Monoclonal antibodies, such as cetuximab, can target tumor cells and either kill them or deliver tumor-killing substances to them without harming normal cells. Best supportive care is the use of drugs and other treatments to improve the quality of life of patients. Combining cetuximab with best supportive care may slow the growth of the tumor and help patients live longer and more comfortably. It is not yet known whether cetuximab combined with best supportive care is more effective than best supportive care alone in treating metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor-positive colorectal cancer.

PURPOSE: This randomized phase III trial is studying cetuximab and best supportive care to see how well they work compared to best supportive care alone in treating patients with metastatic epidermal growth factor receptor-positive colorectal cancer.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pathologic diagnosis of colorectal adenocarcinoma (diagnostic tissue obtained by tissue biopsy)
* Metastatic colorectal carcinoma
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0, 1 or 2
* Documented evidence of disease progression during, or following treatment, with fluoropyrimidine, irinotecan and oxaliplatin chemotherapy for metastatic colorectal cancer
* Radiographic documentation of disease progression during or within 6 months following the most recent chemotherapy regimen
* Unidimensionally measurable disease
* Tumor expressing epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) by immunohistochemistry
* At least 2 but not more than 3 prior chemotherapy regimens for colorectal cancer
* Adequate hematologic, renal and hepatic function

Exclusion Criteria:

* Symptomatic brain metastases requiring treatment
* History or evidence of interstitial pneumonitis or pulmonary fibrosis
* Use of systemic chemotherapy or radiotherapy within 30 days prior to enrollment
* Prior epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) targeting therapies
* Prior anti-tumor therapies including prior experimental agents or approved anti-tumor small molecules and biologics of short (less than a week) serum half life within 30 days before enrollment, or prior experimental or approved proteins within 3 months before enrollment.
B: DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

* Histologically confirmed colorectal cancer

  * Metastatic disease
* Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-positive by immunochemistry
* Measurable or evaluable disease
* Not amenable to standard curative therapy

  * Best supportive care is the only available option
* Must have received a prior thymidylate synthase inhibitor (e.g., fluorouracil, capecitabine, raltitrexed, or fluorouracil-uracil) in the adjuvant or metastatic setting

  * Combination therapy with oxaliplatin or irinotecan allowed
* Must have failed\* a prior regimen containing irinotecan and a prior regimen containing oxaliplatin for metastatic disease OR relapsed within 6 months after an adjuvant regimen containing irinotecan or oxaliplatin OR have documented unsuitability for such regimens
* No symptomatic CNS metastases NOTE: \*Failure is defined as either disease progression (clinical or radiological) or intolerance to the regimen

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Age

* 16 and over

Performance status

* ECOG 0-2

Life expectancy

* Not specified

Hematopoietic

* See Disease Characteristics
* Absolute granulocyte count ≥ 1,500/mm\^3
* Platelet count ≥ 75,000/mm\^3
* Hemoglobin ≥ 8.0 g/dL

Hepatic

* AST and ALT ≤ 5 times upper limit of normal (ULN)
* Bilirubin ≤ 2.5 times ULN

Renal

* Creatinine ≤ 1.5 times ULN

Cardiovascular

* No uncontrolled angina
* No arrhythmias
* No cardiomyopathy
* No congestive heart failure
* No myocardial infarction\* within the past 6 months NOTE: \*Pre-treatment ECG as only evidence of infarction is allowed

Pulmonary

* No severe restrictive lung disease
* No interstitial lung disease by chest x-ray

Other

* Not pregnant or nursing
* Negative pregnancy test
* Fertile patients must use effective contraception for 4 weeks before, during, and for 4 weeks after study treatment
* No active pathological condition that would preclude study participation
* No psychological or geographical condition that would preclude study compliance
* No other malignancy within the past 5 years except adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer or carcinoma in situ of the cervix

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

Biologic therapy

* No prior cetuximab
* No prior murine monoclonal antibody therapy (e.g., edrecolomab)

Chemotherapy

* See Disease Characteristics
* At least 4 weeks since prior chemotherapy and recovered
* No concurrent chemotherapy

Radiotherapy

* See Disease Characteristics
* At least 4 weeks since prior radiotherapy and recovered
* Concurrent palliative radiotherapy allowed except to index lesions

Surgery

* At least 4 weeks since prior major surgery and recovered

Other

* No prior EGFR-targeted therapy (e.g., erlotinib or gefitinib)
* More than 30 days since prior experimental therapeutic agents
* More than 4 weeks since prior investigational agents
* No concurrent enrollment in another clinical study
* No other concurrent EGFR-targeted therapy
* No other concurrent non-cytotoxic experimental agents
C: Inclusion Criteria

* Diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum that cannot, in the opinion of the investigator, be cured by surgical resection at the time of randomization
* Wild-type KRAS expressing mCRC from the primary tumor or metastasis.
* Failure of prior first-line oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy with bevacizumab (at least four therapeutic doses of oxaliplatin-based chemotherapy and bevacizumab) for mCRC.
* At least one uni-dimensionally measurable lesion per modified RECIST criteria.
* Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status of 0 or 1
* Man or woman 18 years of age or older
* Hematology, chemistry, coagution, metabolic functions within normal or protocol-defined limits

Exclusion Criteria

* Previous irinotecan, anti-EGFr therapy (eg, cetuximab, panitumumab, erlotinib, gefitinib, lapatinib) or vaccine for the treatment of mCRC
* Radiotherapy ≤ 14 days before randomization
* Evidence of central nervous system (CNS) metastases
* Unresolved toxicities from prior anti-cancer therapy that, in the opinion of the investigator, precludes subject from participation
* History of other invasive primary cancer, except:
* Curatively resected or treated non-melanomatous skin cancer
* Curatively treated cervical carcinoma in situ
* Other primary solid tumor treated curatively and no treatment administered ≤ 2 years before randomization and, in the investigator's opinion, it is unlikely that there will be a recurrence ≤ 2 years post randomization

Medications

* C hronic daily treatment (as determined by the investigator) with aspirin (\> 325 mg/day) or non steroidal anti inflammatory agents known to inhibit platelet function
* Infection requiring a course of systemic anti-infectives that was completed ≤ 14 days before randomization (exception can be made at the judgment of the investigator for oral treatment of an uncomplicated urinary tract infection \[UTI\])
* Subjects concurrently receiving any investigational agent or therapy ≤ 30 days before randomization

General:

* Significant cardiovascular risk as defined by the protocol
* History of peripheral arterial ischemia ≤ 24 weeks before randomization (subjects with brief, reversible, exercise-induced claudication are eligible)
* History of visceral arterial ischemia ≤ 24 weeks before randomization
* Significant bleeding risk:
* Major surgical procedure, open biopsy, or significant traumatic injury ≤ 28 days before randomization
* Anticipation of need for major surgical procedures during the course of the study
* C ore biopsy or other minor procedure, excluding placement of a vascular access device ≤ 7 days before randomization
* A ny significant bleeding that is not related to the primary colon tumor ≤ 24 weeks before randomization
* P re-existing bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy with the exception of well-controlled chronic anticoagulation therapy
* Serious or non-healing wounds, skin ulcers, or unhealed bone fractures
* Gastroduodenal ulcer(s) determined by endoscopy to be active or uncontrolled gastrointestinal ulcer ≤ 28 days before randomization
* History of interstitial lung disease (eg, pneumonitis or pulmonary fibrosis) or evidence of interstitial lung disease on baseline chest x-ray (CXR) or computed tomography (CT) scan
* Clinically significant ascites
* Subjects known to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive or known to have chronic or active hepatitis B or C infection
* Men and women of childbearing potential (women who are post-menopausal \< 52 weeks, not surgically sterilized, or not abstinent) who do not consent to use adequate contraception (according to institutional standard of care) during the course of the study and after the last date of receiving second-line treatment (24 weeks for women, 4 weeks for men)
* Women who test positive for serum or urine pregnancy test ≤ 72 hours before randomization or are breast-feeding
* Subjects allergic to any component that is part of the treatment regimen
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Histologically or cytologically confirmed diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum, metastatic disease
* Wild-type KRAS tumor status
* Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score of 0, 1 or 2
* Must have failed a prior regimen containing irinotecan for metastatic disease and a prior regimen containing oxaliplatin for metastatic disease
* Must have previously received a thymidylate synthase inhibitor (eg, fluorouracil, capecitabine, raltitrexed, or fluorouracil-uracil) at any point for treatment of colorectal cancer (CRC)
* Adequate hematologic, renal, hepatic and metabolic function

Exclusion Criteria:

* Symptomatic brain metastases requiring treatment
* Prior anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFr) antibody therapy (eg, panitumumab or cetuximab) or treatment with small molecule EGFr inhibitors (eg, gefitinib, erlotinib, lapatinib)
* Antitumor therapy (eg, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, antibody therapy, radiotherapy), or investigational agent or therapy ≤ 30 days before randomization.
* Clinically significant cardiovascular disease
* Active infection requiring systemic treatment or any uncontrolled infection ≤14 days prior to randomization

Answer: B