Please select the outcome measures that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Perioperative Myocardial Ischemia in Isolated Systolic Hypertension (PROMISE)
Brief Summary: During or after surgery, patients may suffer heart attacks or other heart complications, increasing the hospital stay by 11 days on average and costing an estimated US$20 billion in 1990.Many risk factors have been identified but there are no properly conducted studies to look at Blood pressure (BP) as a risk factor around the time of surgery. The investigators believe there is a good possibility that systolic BP (SBP) is a risk factor but currently unrecognized. When measuring BP, two numbers are obtained. The upper number is called SBP and a lower number called diastolic BP (DBP). If the numbers are high, this means that the patient has a high BP or hypertension. If the SBP is high while DBP is normal, it is called isolated systolic hypertension (ISH)\> ISH is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for heart problems. The relationship between ISH and heart complications around the time of surgery is poorly understood. Previous studies did not look at such a relationship. Because of that, there are no guidelines for ISH management at the time of surgery. Generally, these patients go through surgery as if they have no increased risk. Studies are starting to show that the bulk of these heart complications happen in patients thought to have low risk factors not yet identified, including ISH.

The investigators believe that the oxygen supply to the heart can be compromised around the time of surgery in ISH patients Chemicals known as stress hormones are secreted around the time of surgery, increasing oxygen needs in the heart and may make the oxygen supply to the heart muscle critical (know as myocardial ischemia). This in turn may result in a heart attack and death. Studies have shown that patients with myocardial ischemia stand a 9-fold increase in odds ratio of suffering a heart attack, worsening of angina, or death.

This study aims to compare the incidence of myocardial ischemia in patients with ISH and normal BP patients around the time of surgery using a special heart monitor. In addition, the study aims to determine the prevalence of ISH among surgical patients and to document complications like heart attacks, heart failure, stroke and death after surgery.

This research project will be conducted at the Ottawa Hospital by a multi-disciplinary research group (perioperative research group)which includes anesthesiology, cardiology, general surgery and epidemiology. The research group secured HSFO funding for this study.


Options:
A: Incidence of perioperative myocardial ischemia in ISH patients (48 hours postop)
B: Prospective validation of the prognostic potential of a score system based on the presence/absence of three risk factors (VH mutational status, Zap-70 and CD38 expression) on Progression Free Survival (PFS ). (6 months)
C: For our first objective (i.e., the incidence of major perioperative vascular events) our primary outcome is major vascular events (i.e., a composite of vascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal cardiac arrest, and nonfatal stroke) (30 days post surgery.)
D: All-cause mortality at 30-days after surgery (30 days after surgery); Myocardial injuries that were not identified clinically during the first 5 days after surgery (5 days after surgery); Composite of vascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal cardiac arrest, nonfatal stroke, and mechanical assist device (30 days after surgery); Composite of vascular death, nonfatal myocardial infarction, nonfatal cardiac arrest, nonfatal stroke, and mechanical assist device (1 year after surgery)

Answer: A