Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Lumbar Transforaminal Epidural Dexamethasone: A Prospective, Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial
Brief Summary: The aim of this study is to assess the effectiveness and safety of dexamethasone for transforaminal epidural steroid injection. A secondary aim of this study is to obtain data on the lowest most effective dose of dexamethasone for this treatment and the effective duration of effect.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and clinical manifestations of adult men and women over 20 years of age are eligible for radiculopathy due to back nerve root compression and subject to fluoroscopically guided lumbar transforaminal epidural Injection at the suspected spinal nerveroots level.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Blood clotting disorder
2. Infection around the site
3. Contrast agent allergy
4. Uncontrolled cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, kidney disease
5. Past history of spinal surgery (ex, spinal fusion)
6. If can not block due to Non-cooperation with subjects (ex, if you can not take the stomach)
7. Patients taking narcotic analgesics
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Chronic low back pain of radicular origin of \> 4 weeks but \< 6 months duration.
2. Leg pain \> back pain.
3. Failure of conservative therapy to include physical and pharmacotherapy.
4. MRI evidence of a lateral or paracentral herniated disc corresponding to the patient's radicular symptoms.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Uncontrolled coagulopathy.
2. Pregnancy, which will be ruled out by a urine pregnancy test in women of childbearing age.
3. Allergy to contrast dye or amide local anesthetics.
4. Previous epidural steroid injection within last year.
5. Unstable medical or psychiatric condition (e.g. unstable angina, congestive heart failure or severe depression) that could preclude an optimal treatment response.
6. Rheumatoid arthritis or spondylarthropathy.
7. Unstable neurological condition (e.g. multiple sclerosis)
8. Systemic infection
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* At least 18 years of age
* History of chronic, function-limiting low back pain of at least 6 months duration
* Able to give voluntary, written informed consent to participate,
* Able to understand the investigation, cooperate with the procedures, and willing to return for follow-up
* No recent surgical procedures within last three months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cauda Equina symptoms and/or compressive radiculopathy
* Narcotic use of no greater than 100mg/day hydrocodone, 60mg Methadone. or 100mg morphine
* Uncontrolled major Depression or uncontrolled psychiatric disorder
* Uncontrolled or acute medical illnesses
* Chronic severe conditions that could interfere with outcome assessments
* Women who are pregnant or lactating
* Subjects who have participated in a clinical study with an investigational product within 30 days of enrollment
* Patients with multiple complaints involving concomitant hip osteoarthritis
* Inability to achieve proper positioning and inability to understand informed consent and protocol
* History of adverse reaction to local anesthetic or anti-inflammatory drugs and history of gastrointestinal bleeding or ulcers
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* adults age 18 years and older, unilateral lumbar radicular pain, baseline distal radicular lower extremity pain VAS score ≥ 5/10, and prior favorable response to TFESI

Exclusion Criteria:

* pregnancy, infection, coagulopathy, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, history of allergy to iodinated contrast medium and interventional therapies for pain within 90 days prior to study enrollment

Answer: D