Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effectiveness of Manual Therapy and Physical Therapy in Patients With Subacute and Chronic Non-specific Neck Pain. A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Brief Summary: Background of the study: Manual Therapy applied to patients with non-specific neck pain has been investigated several times, both internationally and nationally. In the Netherlands different types of manual therapy treatment exist. Manual Therapy, as practiced under the Utrecht School, has not been subject of a randomized controlled trial. There is a need to evaluate the effectiveness of this type of manual therapy.

Objective of the study: This trial will investigate the effectiveness of Manual Therapy in the short and long-term up to 52 weeks in patient with (sub) acute (minimal two weeks) and chronic (maximum 52 weeks) since last episode of neck pain. Functional state, pain and global perceived effect are the outcome variables.

Study design: The study is a single blind randomized controlled trial.

Study population: Men and women aged 18 to 70 years old with neck pain for at least two weeks.

Intervention: The experimental group will be treated with manual therapy for a period of six weeks. The control group will be treated with physical therapy (usual care) also for a period of six weeks.

Primary study parameters / outcome of the study: Global Perceived Effect (GPE) and the Neck disability index (NDI-DV ) will be applied.

Secondary study parameters / outcome of the study: Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain and SF36 (Quality of life). The Multidimensional Health Locus of Control(MHLC ), Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire, Fear Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire (FABQ-DLV) will also be measured.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Chronic unspecific neck pain for at least 3 months
* Mean neck pain of moderate intensity (\>/=45mm on VAS)
* Therapy-naive subjects

Exclusion Criteria:

* Specific neck pain due to severe deformity of the spine, prolapse, rheumatic or neurological disorder, trauma, operation or cancer
* other severe somatic or psychiatric comorbidity
* pregnancy
* regular intake of opiates, corticosteroids (\>10mg prednisolon), muscle relaxants or antidepressants
* recent invasive or manipulative treatment of the spine
* participation in other clinical trials
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with at least two weeks of neck pain
* Last episode starts at a maximum of one year ago
* Age between 18 and 70 years
* Patient is willing to undergo the treatment
* Neck pain is mechanical and can be provocated by movements or postures of the neck
* Neck pain is the main problem to treat
* Neck pain may also give pain in the upper arm or cervicogenic headaches

Exclusion Criteria:

* Appearance of "red flags"
* Cervical surgery in the past
* Pregnancy
* Whiplash trauma
* Health conditions with may disturb the treatment or makes it impossible to undergo the treatment.
* Not enough understanding of the Dutch questionnaires
* Undergoing treatments like physical therapy, manual therapy, osteopathy, chiropraxis, acupuncture, other types of exercise therapy during the last three months
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Non-specific neck pain for 2-6 weeks.
2. Unilateral neck pain
3. Patients' age group between 25 - 40.
4. On VAS scale pain intensity \>4.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Cervicogenic headache.
2. Tumor of cervical spine.
3. Whiplash injury.
4. Cervical Fractures
5. Normal ROM of cervical spine.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* chronic cervicogenic headache
* threshold pain level
* threshold headache frequency
* independently ambulatory
* English literate
* candidate for spinal manipulation

Exclusion Criteria:

* contraindication to thrust spinal manipulation or massage
* most other headache types
* Recent manual/exercise therapy from licensed provider for head/neck
* threshold pain medication use
* pregnancy
* involvement with another pain study
* suspicion of unmanaged depression
* most cancers
* hypertension (at least stage II)
* complicating neurological/spinal conditions
* pre-randomization noncompliance or cannot/will not comply with protocols
* health-related litigation, claims, or disability compensation

Answer: B