Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of a Physiotherapy Program in Patients Hospitalized Due to Pneumonia
Brief Summary: Acute respiratory infections are the fourth cause of hospitalization in elderly. Various studies have examined the impact of hospitalization in patients with respiratory pathology, showing the need of interventions in order to reduce the impact of hospitalization. The objective of this study is to examine whether a physical therapy intervention can reduce impairment in patients hospitalized due to pneumonia.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinical diagnosis of pneumonia
* Must be able to walk
* Time less than 48 hours of hospitalization
* Age above 18 years
* Conscious and oriented
* Hemodynamically stable

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with other respiratory diseases
* Osteoarticular or cognitive disorders
* Patients who refuse to participate or complete the procedures
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation for at least four days.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Recent myocardial infarction within the last 3 weeks, presence of signs or symptoms of unstable angina or history of unstable arrhythmias including ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation (HR \> 100 bpm).
* Recent history of pulmonary embolism within the last six weeks.
* History of severe aortic stenosis.
* Presence of a dissecting aortic aneurysm.
* Significant language barrier that would limit the ability to participate in the physical therapy program.
* Patients who live greater than 45 miles from the University of Colorado Hospital.
* Underlying disorder that makes it unlikely that the patient will survive 6 months.
* Severe physical or cognitive impairment that would impair their ability to exercise.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of pneumonia.
* No contraindication of physiotherapy.
* Signed written consent.
* Medical approval for inclusion.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Contraindications of physiotherapy.
* Neurological, orthopedic or heart disease.
* Prosthetic devices in lower limbs.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Men and women aged ≥ 70 years old
* Able to speak and understand Danish
* Expected length of stay \> 3 days (evaluated by medical staff at department)
* Ability to stand independently without walking aids
* Admitted to the medical departments of Gentofte or Herlev Hospital or Rigshospitalet-Glostrup

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active cancer
* Renal insufficiency (eGFR \< 30 mL/min/1.73m2)
* Cognitive impairment (not able to comprehend the purpose of the study/give informed consent)
* Terminal disease
* Exclusively receiving enteral or parenteral nutrition
* Milk/lactose allergy or intolerance
* Planning to lose weight/go on a special diet
* Planned transfer to other hospitals/departments
* Pacemaker/other implanted electrical stimulants (due to Bio-Impedance Analysis (BIA) measurements)
* Not being able to lie still in seven minutes (only an exclusion criteria in the sub-study)
* Withdrawal criteria: Death during admission (does not apply to subsequent admissions)
* Withdrawal criteria: Discharge/transfer from the medical department before the intervention has started

Answer: C