Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Evaluation of an mHealth SMS Dialogue Strategy to Meet Women's and Couples' Postpartum Contraceptive Needs in Kenya
Brief Summary: Meeting women's need for postpartum family planning is has been acknowledged as a global priority in maternal and child health. The prevention of unintended pregnancies in sub-Saharan African countries, which carry the highest global burdens of maternal mortality and HIV infection, is projected to substantially decrease maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Many barriers to contraceptive uptake exist, both within and outside of the postpartum time period, and include socio-cultural, economic, and supply-side factors. Furthermore, while the importance of engaging men in family planning programs has been acknowledged for decades, few interventions have succeeded in increasing male involvement in family planning while maintaining a focus on women's empowerment. Innovative approaches to meeting the family planning needs of women and couples are urgently needed.

Public health interventions are increasingly incorporating mobile health (mHealth) approaches using short message service (SMS) technology in low-income countries, approaches that have demonstrated benefit among various reproductive health outcomes. The investigators hypothesize that personalized, bidirectional SMS dialogue with individual women and couples will increase postpartum contraceptive uptake, thereby decreasing unmet need for family planning in Kenya. The investigators have collaborated with the University of Washington (UW) Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) along with Kenyan telecommunication providers to develop a hybrid messaging system that allows for innovative bidirectional SMS messaging. This system has been used successfully in maternal child health (MCH) clinics in Kenya. In qualitative research, women in Kenya have expressed a strong desire for mHealth support to provide additional education, counseling and reminders to supplement counseling by health workers.

The investigators propose a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing the effects of bidirectional SMS dialogue vs. control on highly effective contraceptive use at 6 months postpartum among HIV negative women and couples in Nyanza Province, Kenya. Data from this RCT and accompanying qualitative study will contribute to innovative, scale-able strategies to address unmet need for contraception and increase male involvement in family planning.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Known or recently diagnosed HIV-positive in ANC or; Tested HIV-negative at ANC
* Plans to deliver in facility catchment area
* 18 years or older
* Able and willing to provide consent

Exclusion Criteria:

-
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant women less than 28 weeks estimated gestation age
2. Between 14-50 years of age
3. Willing to provide informed consent and undergo necessary study procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Unwillingness or inability to receive text messages
2. Receipt of the current season's influenza vaccine or plan to receive the influenza vaccine on the day of the enrollment visit
3. Reported history of adverse reaction precluding receipt of the vaccine
4. Unwillingness or inability to provide informed consent and comply with study criteria.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant; at least 28 weeks gestation
* HIV negative
* Daily access to a mobile phone
* Planning to stay in area for 6 months postpartum
* Able to read/write or has trusted person to help

Exclusion Criteria:

* Does not meet above criteria
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Infants 1-3 months of age coming for their 1 dose of primary vaccines

Exclusion Criteria:

* Received 1 dose of vaccines, excluding BCG
* No mobile phone with SMS or unable to use SMS at home
* Intent to move from the clinic area in the next 6 months

Answer: C