Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Early Detection and Progression of Subclinical Atherosclerosis and Its Relationship to Coronary Risk Factors
Brief Summary: The overall objective of this study is to characterize the prevalence and progression rate of subclinical atherosclerotic lesions and to study their association to the imaging characteristics of atheroma plaques and to the presence of genetic, epigenetic, metabolomic, and environmental factors, including dietary habits, physical activity, biorhythms, psychosocial characteristics, and exposure to environmental pollutants


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Type 2 diabetes
* Overweight
* BMI of 25 kg/m2 or greater
* If on insulin, BMI of 27 kg/m2 or greater
* Blood pressure less than 160/100 mmHg
* HbA1c less or equal to 11%
* Triglycerides less than 600 mg/dl
* Willingness to participate

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable or unwilling to give informed consent or communicate with local study staff.
* Current diagnosis of schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, or bipolar disorder.
* Hospitalization for depression in past six months.
* Self-report of alcohol or substance abuse within the past twelve months.
* Current consumption of more than 14 alcoholic drinks per week.
* Current acute treatment or rehabilitation program for these problems.
* Plans to relocate to an area not served by Look AHEAD or travel plans that do not permit full participation in the study.
* Lack of support from primary care health provider or family members.
* Failure to complete the two-week run-in for dietary intake and exercise.
* Weight loss exceeding 10 lbs. in past three months.
* Current use of medications for weight loss.
* Self reported inability to walk two blocks.
* History of bariatric surgery, small bowel resection, or extensive bowel resection.
* Chronic treatment with systemic corticosteroids.
* Another member of the household is a participant or staff member in Look AHEAD.
* Currently pregnant or nursing.
* Cancer requiring treatment in the past five years, except for non-melanoma skin cancers or cancers that have clearly been cured.
* HIV positive (self-report), due to effects on weight and body composition of HIV and medications used to treat HIV.
* Active tuberculosis (self-report).
* Cardiovascular disease (heart attack or procedure within the past three months).
* Participation in a cardiac rehabilitation program within last three months.
* Stroke or history/treatment for transient ischemic attacks in the past three months.
* Pulmonary embolus in past six months.
* Unstable angina pectoris or angina pectoris at rest.
* A history of cardiac arrest.
* Complex ventricular arrhythmia at rest or with exercise (e.g., ventricular tachycardia).
* Uncontrolled atrial fibrillation (heart rate of 100 beats per minute or more).
* New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV congestive heart failure.
* Acute myocarditis, pericarditis or hypertrophic myocardiopathy.
* Clinically significant aortic stenosis.
* Left bundle branch block or cardiac pacemaker unless evaluated and cleared for participation by a cardiologist.
* Cardiac defibrillator.
* Heart transplant.
* History of aortic aneurysm of at least 7 cm in diameter or aortic aneurysm repair.
* Resting heart rate less than 45 beats per minute or greater than 100 beats per minute.
* Any abnormality during the maximum exercise stress test that indicates that it would be unsafe to participate in the Lifestyle Intervention.
* Angina pectoris.
* Significant ST segment depression at low levels of exercise. (ST segment is the flat, isoelectric section of the ECG between the end of the S wave (the J point) and the beginning of the T wave)
* Exercise induced ventricular arrhythmias.
* Abnormal hemodynamics, such as flat or decreasing systolic blood pressure with increasing workload.
* Those at moderate to high risk for cardiac complications during exercise.
* Those who are unable to self-regulate activity or understand the recommended activity level.
* Renal disease or dialysis.
* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that would limit ability to follow the protocol.
* Self-reported chronic hepatitis B or C or cirrhosis.
* Inflammatory bowel disease requiring treatment in past year.
* Cushing's syndrome.
* Acromegaly.
* Amputation of lower limbs as result of non-traumatic causes.
* Any major organ transplant.
B: Inclusion Criteria.

* Healthy men.
* BMI 30-40.
* Fasting blood glucose \< 7 mM.
* Stable body weight last 2 months.

Exclusion Criteria.

* High intake of alcohol.
* Medication affecting glucose or lipid metabolism.
* Allergy towards important food items in the diet.
* Inflammatory bowel disease.
* Surgery or use of antibiotics last 2 months.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age 30-65years
2. DM2 diagnosed within 1-10 years
3. Body mass index (BMI) 27-34 kg/m²
4. Last HbA1c measurement 7%-10%
5. Last plasma triglyceride (TG) levels 160-400 mg/dl
6. Last serum creatinine less than 1.4 mg/dl
7. No change in diabetes medication for at least three months before entering the study

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Proliferative diabetic retinopathy
2. Current insulin treatment
3. Active oncologic or psychiatric disease
4. Uncontrolled hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Employees of the Banco de Santander Group
* Age between 40-54 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Myocardial Infarction
* Angina pectoris
* Stroke, either transient or with sequelae
* Peripheral vascular disease
* Prior angioplasty or heart surgery
* Atrial fibrillation
* Other heart diseases

Subjects with the following conditions will also be excluded:

* Pregnancy
* Active treatment for any cancer
* Morbid obesity (BMI ≥40)
* Renal failure with creatinine clearance \<60 mL/min, as estimated by the Cockcroft and Gault formula
* Any disease that decreases life expectation to ≤6 years
* Pacemaker, implantable automatic defibrillator, or any implanted device that contraindicates MRI
* A chest CT in the previous year

Answer: D