Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: Summary

This study will look at physical exercise after acute ischaemic stroke. It is called the ExStroke Pilot Trial.

Physical activity is associated with a lower risk of first-time stroke. It remains unknown if physical activity also is associated with a lower risk of recurrent stroke. Patients with ischaemic stroke have a 30% to 40% risk of a recurrent stroke during a 5 year follow-up. The risk of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and death from vascular disease is approximately 15% each. The impact of lifestyle factors on risk for these events is insufficiently covered in the international scientific literature.

Purpose:

The purpose of the trial is to examine whether the level of physical activity increases in patients who have had an ischemic stroke, when they are informed about physical activity and instructed in a physical training program. The occurrence of new cerebro- and cardiovascular events in the patients will be registered. The patients are randomised to receive oral and written information by a physician and a physiotherapist about physical exercise; or to a control group with no instruction regarding physical exercise. Both groups will receive the best available therapy with regard to secondary stroke prevention and will be informed about lifestyle factors.

Irrespective of which group the patients are randomised to, all patients will receive the best possible established treatment with regard to prevention of thromboses; blood pressure control; lipid lowering agents, if necessary; and information about diet, tobacco smoking, and vitamin supplements.

Study Design:

The patients will be randomised centrally within 90 days after stroke onset, and they will be re-examined at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, and 24 months. Inclusion criteria are patients with ischaemic stroke, aged 40 years or older. In the pilot trial a number of 300 included patients is wanted.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed with mild ischemic cerebral infarction or mild intracerebral hemorrhage (NIHSS \< 5) or TIA based on a clinical definition of focal neurologic deficits consistent with a single vascular territory of the brain
* Aged greater than 18 years at onset of event
* Resident of NY Metropolitan community in home with land or cell phone.
* Vascular risk factors including HTN history or elevated blood pressure (\>130/85 mmHg) at the time of discharge, smoking, diabetes or metabolic syndrome
* Discharge to home
* English or Spanish Speaker

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients unable to give informed consent
* Discharged to long-term nursing home or requiring 24 hour care.
* A Modified Rankin score \> 2 at baseline
* Pre-stroke dementia history.
* Patients with end stage cancer, or other medical conditions resulting in mortality less than 1 year.
* Patient does not speak English or Spanish.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Acute cerebrovascular event (ischemic stroke or intra-cerebral bleeding) with signs and symptoms of an acute stroke according to the diagnosis I61 and I63 of the ICD-10-GM 2008
* Differentiation between ischemic or haemorrhagic stroke by the use of CT or MRT
* Resident in Saxony-Anhalt or Saxony or Thuringia
* Able to understand German language

Exclusion Criteria:

* Reinfarction
* Alcoholism
* Death in acute care
* NIHHS \> 25
* Homelessness
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* aged 18 years or above
* have a clinical diagnosis of stroke
* currently live at home or will be discharged from hospital to home within one week
* have a Mini Mental State Examination score \>18
* speak Cantonese
* capable of giving informed consent
* can attend sessions of the self-efficacy enhancing stroke self-management program
* can use a phone

Exclusion Criteria:

* diagnosed with transient ischemic attack, subdural or epidural hemorrhage
* have cerebrovascular events due to presence of malignancy or head trauma
* have limited comprehension and receptive aphasia
* have been diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, or dementia
* have received a stroke self-management program in the past 12 months as reported by the participants
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects aged 40 years or older.
* Patients with a clinical diagnosis of stroke; symptoms lasting 24 hours or more.
* Computed tomography (CT)-scan of the brain must either show a new infarct or be normal. Patients only with infarcts without clinical symptoms cannot be included.
* Inclusion shall take place before day 90 after stroke onset.
* Informed consent after verbal and written information.
* The patient must be able to walk either unaided or with a cane or a walker.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who are unable to understand the information, or who cannot cooperate, are excluded.
* Patients confined to a wheelchair or bed.
* CT-scanning showing intracranial haemorrhage or focal pathology other than infarction, cerebral atrophy, or leucoaraiosis.
* Modified Rankin score of 4 or 5 before the actual stroke.
* Serious medical disease such as AIDS, metastatic cancer, or abnormalities that the investigator feels may compromise the patient's successful participation in the trial.
* Earlier randomisation in this trial.

Answer: D