Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Resuscitation Outcomes Consortium (ROC) Prehospital Resuscitation Using an Impedance Valve and Early Versus Delayed Analysis
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to look at two different treatments during a cardiac arrest that occurs outside of the hospital and whether either or both treatments will increase the number of people who live to hospital discharge. A cardiac arrest is when the heart stops pumping blood to the body.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* All persons of local age of consent or older who suffer non-traumatic cardiopulmonary arrest outside of the hospital in the study communities with defibrillation and/or delivery of chest compressions provided by emergency medical service (EMS) providers dispatched to the scene and do not meet any of the exclusion criteria.

Exclusion Criteria:

Common:

* Do not attempt resuscitation (DNAR) orders
* Blunt, penetrating, or burn-related injury
* Patients with exsanguinations
* Known prisoners
* Known pregnancy
* Non-ROC EMS agency/provider

For Analyzing Late versus Early

* EMS-witnessed arrests
* Non-EMS rhythm analysis (AED placed by police or lay responder is an exclusion but CPR by lay or other non-EMS responders is not)

For ITD:

* Tracheostomy present
* CPR performed with the mechanical compression "Autopulse" device.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Unexpected adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest where an attempt of resuscitation is considered appropriate.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Traumatic cardiac arrest, including hanging
* Age believed to be less than 18 years (no upper limit)
* Known pregnancy
* Defibrillated before LUCAS Chest Compressions System arrives at scene
* Patients body size not fitting the LUCAS Chest Compression System
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* All persons with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest who are attended by a vehicle involved in the randomization process and who are treated by the emergency medical service (EMS).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Persons under the age of 18
* Victims with traumatic arrest
* Less than the legal age of consent
* Resuscitation attempt discontinued because of do not resuscitate (DNR) orders or on request of authorized decision-maker
* Wards of the state, including prisoners
* Chest or abdominal surgery within 6 weeks
* Site specific exclusions
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult subjects initially presumed or known to be 18 years of age or older
* Subjects who present with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from presumed cardiac etiology and who receive CPR by Emergency Medical Services (EMS) personnel for at least 1 minute
* Subjects whose airways are managed with a cuffed ET tube, combitube, or laryngeal mask airway or facemask

Exclusion Criteria:

* Adult subjects presumed or known to be less than 18 years of age
* Subjects with known or likely traumatic injuries causing cardiac arrest or cardiac arrest of presumed noncardiac origin
* Subjects with preexisting Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) orders
* Subjects with signs of obvious clinical death or conditions that preclude the use of CPR
* Family or legal representative request that the subject not be entered into the study
* Subjects experiencing in-hospital cardiac arrest
* Subjects with a recent sternotomy with wound not appearing completely healed (if unknown) or less than 6 months (if known)
* Subjects who received less than 1 minute of CPR by EMS personnel
* Subjects with a complete airway obstruction that cannot be cleared or in whom attempts at advanced airway management are unsuccessful
* Subjects intubated with a leaky or uncuffed advanced airway device or presence of stomas, tracheotomies, or tracheostomies
* Subjects who rearrest and are encountered by EMS within 365 days of the index cardiac arrest

Answer: A