Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled, Cross - Over Design, Single Center Study to Evaluate the Effects of Treatment With Pycnogenol® on Endothelial Function in Subjects With Stable Coronary Artery Disease (Pycno2007-003)
Brief Summary: Pycnogenol® is a proprietary bark extract of the French maritime pine tree (Pinus pinaster ssp. atlantica). Pycnogenol® has prevented pathologic symptoms such as chronic inflammation and increased platelet aggregation, a risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The endothelium is increasingly recognized not only a target (with vascular remodelling occurring in response to an injury and resulting in atherosclerosis), but also a mediator in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Indeed, endothelial cells play an important regulatory role in the cardiovascular system by the expression of numerous molecules and release of mediators such as nitric oxide (NO), superoxide and endothelin-1 (ET-1). Data from animal studies, as well as human studies indicate that Pycnogenol may improve endothelial function, which is a powerful surrogate for clinical prognosis.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* early stages of hypertension (systolic BP ≥ 140 and ≤ 159 mm Hg) and/or diastolic BP: ≥ 90 and ≤ 99 mm Hg
* not receiving BP-lowering medication.
* obtained written informed consent before the initial screening visit.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Body Mass Index (BMI) \> 30 kg/m2
* taking antihypertensive medications
* smoking
* pregnant or who intends to become pregnant
* wife in breastfeeding period
* persons with a self-reported history of clinical cardiovascular disease, cancer, chronic kidney disease (or a serum creatinine ≥ 1.7 mg/dL for men and ≥ 1.5 mg/dL for women) hypercholesterolemia (LDL-c ≤ 189 mg/dL, diabetes mellitus (or serum glucose ≥126 mg/dL), or consumption of more than 14 drinks of alcoholic beverages per week.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* The patient is between 6-12 years old (both inclusive).
* The patient satisfies the DSM-IV criteria for ADHD or ADD.
* The patient has a responsible caregiver who is able to provide information about the patient's functional status.
* Written informed consent is obtained from the patient and the legally accepted representative.

Exclusion Criteria:

* The patient does satisfy the DSM-IV for autism spectrum disorder.
* The patient does have situational hyperactivity, pervasive developmental disorders, schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders such as mood or anxiety disorder, personality disorder as unsocial behaviour, personality change due to a general medical condition, mental retardation (IQ \< 70), understimulating environments, conduct disorder, chorea and other dyskinesias. The patient does not have tics or Tourette's syndrome, or personal or family history of psychotic disorder, bipolar illness, depression, or suicide attempt.
* The patient does have any chronic medical disorder (diabetes, epilepsy or other seizure disorder, autoimmune disorder, gastrointestinal disorder, renal or cardiovascular disorders, etc.) or acute inflammatory disease. The patient does not have glaucoma, heart disease, heart rhythm disorder, high blood pressure, or peripheral vascular disease such as Raynaud's syndrome.
* The patient did use any of these medications during the 3 months before entering the study: clonidine, guanethidine, blood thinners (e.g. warfarin or Coumadin), antidepressants (e.g. amitriptyline, citalopram, doxepin, fluoxetine, nortriptyline, paroxetine, sertraline), cold or allergy medicine that contains a decongestant, medications to treat high or low blood pressure, seizure medicine (e.g. phenobarbital, phenytoin, primidone), or diet pills.
* The patient did take MAO inhibitor (isocarboxazid, linezolid, phenelzine, rasagiline, selegiline or tranylcypromine) in the past 14 days.
* The patient has any other contraindication for the use of methylphenidate.
* The patient did use vitamin/mineral/herbal/omega-3 supplements or other any medication (psychoactive medication, antibiotics, anti-inflammatory drugs, melatonin, etc.) \> 1 week during the 3 months before inclusion.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* History of coronary artery disease (documented by coronary angiogram, nuclear imaging, positive stress test)
* Stable cardiovascular medication for at least 1 month
* Age ≥ 18 years of age at time of signing the informed consent
* Informed consent for participation in the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Myocardial infarction, unstable angina, stroke (within 3 months before randomization)
* Thoracic or cardiac surgery and/or coronary intervention/revascularisation procedure (within 3 months before randomization)
* Uncontrolled symptomatic congestive heart failure (NHYA\> II) in the last 4 weeks prior to study
* Renal insufficiency (Creatinine Clearance \< 50ml/min)
* Ventricular tachyarrhythmias
* Poorly controlled hypertension, defined as resting blood pressure ≥ 160/100 mmHg
* Symptomatic hypotension
* Obstructive cardiomyopathy, active myocarditis, constrictive pericarditis, untreated hypothyroidism or hyperthyroidism and adrenal insufficiency
* Severe uncorrected valvular disease or left ventricular outflow obstruction, which, in the opinion of the investigator, requires surgery
* Long acting nitrates
* Oral or intravenous steroids therapy
* Insulin - dependent diabetes mellitus
* Recipient of any major organ transplant (eg, lung, liver, heart) or renal replacement therapy
* Malignancy (unless healed or remission \> 5 years)
* Anaemia (Hb\< 10g/dl)
* Known to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive or active virus - hepatitis
* Alanine transaminase (ALT) or aspartate transaminase (AST) \> 3 times the upper limit of the normal range
* Known hypersensitivity to Pycnogenol®
* Alcohol, nicotine abuse or illicit drug abuse
* Pregnancy or breast-feeding, women with child - bearing potential without adequate contraception
* Disease with systemic inflammation (e.g. rheumatoid arthritis, M. Crohn)
* Participation in another study within the last month
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* diabetes mellitus diagnosed at least 5 years
* age greater than or equal to 18 years
* English speaker

Exclusion Criteria:

* proliferative diabetic retinopathy or severe non-proliferative retinopathy
* clinically significant macular edema
* corrected visual acuity less than 20/30 in either eye
* diagnosis of other serious eye disease (glaucoma, age-related maculopathy)
* less than 18 years old
* non-English speaker
* no known allergy or sensitivity to any supplement ingredients

Answer: C