Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: High Flow Therapy vs Hypertonic Saline in Bronchiolitis Treatment. Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that heated, humidified, high-flow nasal cannula (HHHFNC) is superior to hypertonic saline solution (HSS) in the treatment of moderate acute viral bronchiolitis in infants in improving respiratory distress and comfort and reducing length of hospital stay (LOS) and admission to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 8 weeks through 23 months
* First episode of wheezing associated with respiratory distress and upper respiratory tract infection.
* Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument (RDAI) rating of ≥4 and ≤15 after initial albuterol nebulization per standard care
* Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM) physician does not plan additional bronchodilator therapy within the hour after initial assessment.
* Parental/guardian permission (informed consent)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects with prior history of wheezing or asthma or who have received bronchodilator therapy prior to the current illness
* Chronic lung or heart disease
* Critically ill infants requiring immediate airway stabilization
* Non-English speaking parent/guardian
* Inability to take nebulized medications
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children aged 6 months or less
* Moderate (Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument score of 4 or greater) viral bronchiolitis (as defined by McConnockie)
* Meeting Admission criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of prematurity
* Chronic lung disease
* Cystic fibrosis
* Congenital heart disease
* Neuromuscular disease
* Airway anomalies
* Immunodeficiency
* Those requiring immediate intubation and ventilation.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* children between ages 6 weeks to 24 months
* first episode of wheezing
* diagnosis of moderate to severe bronchiolitis: The patients are ranked as moderately to severely ill according to the Wang clinical severity score

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children with mild bronchiolitis (Wang score \< 5)
* Children with pre-existent cardiac disease
* Children with clinically significant chronic respiratory disease
* Immunocompromised children
* Children with a gestational age at birth less than 34 weeks
* Children who received immunoprophylaxis therapy (i.e RSV immune globulin therapy)
* Children who received corticosteroid in any form in the preceding 2 weeks before presentation
* Children who received bronchodilators within 24 hours before presentation
* Children with critical illness at presentation requiring immediate admission to intensive care unit
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Previously healthy infants under 1 year of age
* Admitted to hospital with a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, following the UK definition of an infant with an apparent viral respiratory tract infection associated with airways obstruction manifest by hyperinflation, tachypnoea and subcostal recession with widespread crepitations on auscultation
* Requiring supplemental oxygen therapy on admission

Exclusion Criteria:

* Wheezy bronchitis or asthma - children with an apparent viral respiratory infection and wheeze with no or occasional crepitations
* Previous lower respiratory tract infections
* Risk factors for severe disease \[gestation \<32 weeks, immunodeficiency, neurological and cardiac conditions, chronic lung disease\]
* Subjects where the carer's English is not fluent and translational services are not available
* Requiring admission to high dependency or intensive care units at the time of recruitment

Answer: B