Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of Early Psychological Intervention to Prevent PTSD
Brief Summary: This study will examine the use of prolonged exposure therapy on people who have recently experienced a trauma to prevent them from developing post-traumatic stress disorder.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years of age or older,
* willing to undertake the qigong intervention program,
* available for all testing points,
* receptive to random allocation, and
* assessed to be abused by an intimate partner in the preceding year or longer, based on the Chinese Abuse Assessment Screen.

Exclusion Criteria:

* had participated in qigong training or other mind body intervention within the previous 6 months, or
* have serious medical conditions that might limit their participation in qigong exercise (based on our previous experience, such conditions include cancer, severe obesity, narcolepsy, major depressive disorder, schizophrenia), or
* have psychiatric disorders, or
* use medication or other psychological intervention for stress, or
* are abused by someone who is not their intimate partner.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Presenting to the emergency department of Emory University School of Medicine/Grady Memorial Hospital for rape in the past 72 hours
* Meets DSM-IV diagnostic criterion A in which both of the following are present: (i) The person experienced, witnessed, or was confronted with an event or events that involved actual or threatened death or serious injury or a threat to the physical integrity of self or others (ii) The person's response involved intense fear, helplessness, or horror
* Speaks and understands spoken English
* Can see the assessment forms, hear instructions, and function at an emotional and intellectual level sufficient to allow accurate completion of all assessment instruments
* No significant traumatic injuries, as determined by the physician

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current or history of mania, schizophrenia, or other psychoses
* Current (past month) prominent suicidal ideation or recent (past 3 months) parasuicidal behavior or other self-injurious behavior, such as low lethality cutting
* Current (past month) substance dependence; people who meet criteria for current substance abuse but not dependence, or past dependence and have been in remission for at least 1 month are eligible.
* Experienced a loss of consciousness for more than 5 minutes as a result of injuries sustained during the trauma
* Intoxicated, altered, or highly distressed to the degree that accurate completion of the study assessments or participation in study procedures is not possible
* Blood alcohol level above .08, determined by breathalyzer in the emergency department
* Not alert, oriented, and coherent
* In severe pain, active labor, or respiratory distress or hemodynamically compromised in any way
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. MST-related index event
2. Diagnosis of PTSD-related MST
3. Female

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Having a household member of spouse who is already enrolled in the study
2. Active psychosis or dementia
3. Suicidal and/or homicidal ideation with clear intent
4. Current substance dependence
5. Concurrent enrollment in another clinical trial for PTSD or depression
6. Unwilling to make regular appointments (note that if the participant has medical/transportation barriers that render her unable to make set appointments, this is not grounds for exclusion).
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* .(1) HIV+ women enrolled at FACES-Kisumu; (2) Diagnosis with depression (MDD, dysthymia, minor depression) and PTSD secondary to GBV\* on the CIDI; (3) Ability to attend weekly therapy sessions and repeated measures; (4) Age greater than 18 years; (5) Ability to give informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* (1) Cognitive dysfunction requiring a higher level of care or compromising ability to participate in IPT\*\*; (2) severe thought or mood disorder symptoms requiring a higher level of care or interfering with ability to participate in IPT; (3) current drug and alcohol dependence requiring substance use treatment. Although PTSD is associated with substance abuse in EuroAmerican populations, a recent study of 5175 FACES patients found that over 80% of this LMIC population use no alcohol.

Answer: B