Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Dyspnea Self-Management: Internet or Face-to-Face
Brief Summary: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, including emphysema and chronic bronchitis, is the fourth most common cause of death and the second leading cause of disability in the United States. COPD is estimated to be responsible for more than 13.4 million physician visits and 13% of hospitalizations nationally. These hospitalizations are usually caused by acute exacerbations characterized by an increase in symptoms including dyspnea or shortness of breath (SOB), cough, wheezing, and sputum production. The significant disability for people with COPD is primarily due to the symptom of dyspnea (shortness of breath) that affects an individual's quality of life more than does the physiological impairment. Despite optimal medical and pharmacological therapy, most people with COPD continue to suffer from chronic and progressive dyspnea and other symptoms of cough and fatigue.

We have previously shown that an individualized face-to-face dyspnea self-management program was effective in improving dyspnea with activities of daily living (ADL), physical functioning, and self-efficacy for managing dyspnea. Using an experimental longitudinal design, the i-DSMP will be compared to the Face-to-Face Dyspnea Self-Management Program (f-DSMP) and to an Attention Control (AC) intervention


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants will have:

  1. a diagnosis of COPD which is clinically stable (including medications) for at least one month;
  2. spirometry results showing at least mild obstructive disease defined as post bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio \<0.70 with FEV1\<80% predicted or post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio \<0.60 with FEV1\>80% predicted;
  3. ADL limited by dyspnea;
  4. a designated primary care physician;
  5. ability to speak English and sign consent form;
  6. actively using a computer and the Internet;
  7. no formal pulmonary rehabilitation training for at least 12 months;
  8. patients receiving supplemental oxygen will be acceptable if their O2 saturation can be maintained at \>80% on \<6L/min of nasal oxygen;
  9. understands how to and is able to rate their shortness of breath during exercise;
  10. age \> 40 years.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects will be excluded if they have active symptomatic illness (e.g., cancer, left heart failure, ischemic heart disease with known coronary artery or valvular heart disease, psychiatric illness, and neuromuscular disease).
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* All persons with a diagnosis of COPD (ICD-10:J44:9) who visit included primary care units due to their COPD.
* Needs to understand and read Swedish.
* Needs to have a smartphone, tablet or computer with access to internet.
* In case of exacerbation, the participant has to wait at least 6 weeks after initiated pharmacological treatment, before being eligible in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not COPD
* Dementia or other psychiatric condition that can prevent understanding of the intervention.
* Serious comorbidity that can be considered as the contributing factor for limitation in physical activity.
* Has an account on the COPD Web.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a confirmed diagnosis of COPD and classified as category C or D according to the Global initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD), and who have a HADS - anxiety subscale score ≥ 8 and are willing to participate and able to provide written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a psychiatric diagnosis or pulmonary cancer or patients who are involved in any other interventional clinical trial
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Confirmed Gold III/IV COPD
* Current or ex-smoker with a smoking history ≥ 10 pack-years
* At least one COPD exacerbation leading to hospitalization in the year before selection.

Exclusion Criteria:

* LTOT for another reason than COPD
* Severe concomitant disorder associated with a limited probability of survival (\< 6 months)
* Tracheostomy
* Long term oral corticosteroids therapy

Answer: A