Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized Controlled Trial to Improve the South African Government's Community Health Workers' Capacities to Deliver Evidence-based Interventions for Optimizing HIV Outcomes and Reducing Its Comorbidities
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to address the United States Office of AIDS Research highest priorities: improving the workforce, reducing health disparities, and addressing HIV comorbidities. UCLA will randomize the government-funded community health workers (CHW) from 16 clinics in matched rural areas in the Eastern Cape in South Africa to either: 1) the Accountable Condition (AC) in which additional monitoring and accountability systems that Philani routinely uses are implemented or 2) a Control Condition (CC), of initial Philani training, but ongoing supervision and monitoring consistent with local government practices.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Full term or late pre-term infant (\> 34 0/7 weeks gestational age) discharged from the newborn nursery
* Feeding human milk (breast milk) during the maternity/newborn stay with intent to continue to breastfeed after discharge
* English speaking mother
* Singleton or twin infant

Exclusion Criteria:

* Premature infant \< 34 weeks gestational age
* Exclusively formula fed infant during nursery stay
* Complicated maternity/nursery stay requiring \> 2 night stay after a vaginal delivery or \> 4 night stay after a cesarean section
* A nursery course with atypical complications (e.g. a work-up for ambiguous genitalia)
* Infant with hyperbilirubinemia requiring phototherapy during the nursery stay
* Any major maternal morbidities and/or pre-existing condition that would effect postpartum care such as cancer, multiple sclerosis, lupus, etc.
* Previous maternal participation in the NITTANY trial
* Residence outside of the coverage area for the Visiting Nurses Association (VNA) of Central Pennsylvania
* Family with no active telephone number (home or cellular)
* Infant being put up for adoption
* Non-English speaking mother
* Family requiring a home visit due to Social Work or other staff request/order
* Triplets or higher order gestation
B: Inclusion Criteria:

Women between 18 and 40 years old are eligible for inclusion if they have had a safe normal delivery of a live infant delivery at a Jacaranda Health facility. Eligible women must reside in a 20 km radius from the Jacaranda Health's hospital facility in peri-urban Nairobi. Women must provide a phone number to where they expect that can be reached 2 weeks postpartum.

Exclusion Criteria:

Women who elect to leave the Jacaranda Health facility before the recommended 24 hours, against medical advice, postpartum are not eligible to participate in the postpartum care study. Women and their newborns who are referred to another hospital for higher level emergency obstetric or neonatal care will not be eligible to participate. Women who relocate outside the defined geographic area surrounding the hospital after their delivery are also not eligible.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Infant born between July 1, 2009 and December 31, 2010
* Infant born at Durham County, North Carolina (NC) hospital (Duke or Durham Regional)
* Family of infant resides in Durham County, NC

Exclusion Criteria:

* Infant born before July 1, 2009 or after December 31, 2010
* Infant not born at Durham County, NC hospital
* Family of infant resides outside of Durham County, NC
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Mothers living in the catchment area
* Mothers not identified as psychotic or delusional based on the interviewer's judgment
* Mothers able to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Inability to give informed consent
* Inability to converse with the interviewer or the CHW
* Death of the mother or infant.

Answer: D