Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Phase II/III, Randomized, Controlled, Single Blind Study to Evaluate the Haemostatic Efficacy and Safety of Topically Applied TT-173 in Patients Undergoing Knee Arthroplasty
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine the haemostatic efficacy of TT-173, reducing the total blood loss associated with the total knee arthroplasty.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who signed the informed consent.
2. Patients affected of degenerative osteoarthritis of the knee that have to undergo a primary total knee replacement.
3. Patients of both sexes older than 18 years.
4. Female patients in childbearing age\* that are not permanently sterile, should present a negative pregnancy test and should agree to use a medically accepted anti contraceptive method during its participation in the study. This includes oral, intravaginal, transdermal, injectable or implantable hormonal contraceptives, sexual abstinence, bilateral tubal occlusion, intrauterine hormone-releasing system or dispositive and vasectomy of the partner.

   \* Includes the period between menarche and until becoming post-menopausal. A woman is considered post-menopausal when she has gone without a period for 12 consecutive months.
5. Patients must have a haemoglobin concentration ≥ to 12.5 g/dL at the selection visit.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients affected of any kind of congenital or acquired coagulopathies or with personal history of abnormal haemorrhagic episodes.
2. Patients subjected to knee replacement due to rheumatoid or seronegative arthritis, infection or other autoimmune inflammatory causes of join degeneration.
3. Patients subjected to revision procedures of the knee, hemiarthroplasty or that will receive non-cemented knee prosthesis.
4. Subjects affected of a serious medical condition that would compromise their clinical outcome such as hepatic, respiratory, cardiac or renal insufficiency, acute infectious disease and active cancer.
5. Subjects with known history of haematological alterations which are causative of thrombophilia.
6. Subjects with personal history of deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary thromboembolism, retinal vascular occlusion or multiple abortions.
7. Subjects with known hypersensitivity or allergy to any component of the drug.
8. Subjects that are currently under treatment with anticoagulant, antiplatelet or antifibrinolytic drugs. These subjects may be eligible if the treatment is stopped preoperatively according with the conditions indicated in section 9.2.
9. Subjects who have received treatment (erythropoietin, iron, folate) to improve preoperative anaemia.
10. Subjects who are not free to give informed consent or who are mentally incapacitated to the discretion of investigators.
11. Subjects who participate or have participated in the past three months in another clinical trial with drug treatment.
12. Subjects that are the investigators, collaborators, nurses, centre employees or any other person directly related to the development of the protocol.
13. Subjects who are pregnant or lactating.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* patient scheduled for TKR
* written informed consent
* diagnosis of osteoarthritis

Exclusion Criteria:

* previous intervention on the same Knee (except for meniscectomy)
* Hb pre-operative level lower than 12g/dl for man and 11g/dl for woman
* Anticoagulation therapy or any anti-aggregate treatment not suspended at least 4 days before surgery
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult patients (greater than 18 years old)
* Patients scheduled for primary unilateral knee arthroplasty
* Patients for La Paz- Cantoblanco Hospital, Madrid, Spain

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients that refuse to sign the Inform Consent
* Allergy to tranexamic acid
* Major comorbidities: Severe ischemic heart disease(class III and IV of New York Heart Association); sleep apnea syndrome; severe EPOC; renal dysfunction (plasma creatinine\>2mg/dL if mens and \>1.8mg/dL if woman); or hepatic disfunction.
* Coagulopathy (preoperative platelet count \<150,000/mm3, INR\>1.4, prolonged PPT(\>1.4 x normal)
* History of thromboembolic disease: CVA, DVT, PE
* Blood dyscrasias
* Retinopathy (disturbances of color vision)
* Jehovah's witnesses
* Pregnancy
* Breastfeeding
* Been participating or been participated a year ago in another clinical trial
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* adult patients with osteoarthritis in need of a TKA

Exclusion Criteria:

* inflammatory arthritis
* post-traumatic arthritis
* a history of or current venous thromboembolic disease
* any underlying disease of haemostasis
* cirrhosis
* chronic renal failure
* patients on anticoagulants or strong antiplatelet drugs (e.g. warfarin, clopidogrel)
* know allergy to TXA
* defective color vision
* preoperative hemoglobin \<10 g/dL
* platelet count \< 140,000 /uL3

Answer: A