Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effectiveness of Extended Treatments for Drug Dependence
Brief Summary: This study tests the effectiveness of two 24 month, telephone-based adaptive continuing care interventions for patients with cocaine dependence. The two interventions are predicted to produce better drug use outcomes than standard care. Furthermore, the intervention that also includes monetary incentives for continued participation is hypothesized to produce better retention and drug use outcomes than the intervention without incentives. Economic analyses will determine the cost-effectiveness and benefit-cost of the interventions relative to standard care, and to each other.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* qualify for a DSM-IV lifetime diagnosis of cocaine dependence and cocaine use in 6 months prior to treatment;
* initial engagement in IOP, as indicated by attendance at 4 or more sessions in the first two weeks of treatment;
* 18 to 75 years of age;
* willingness to be randomized and participate in research.
* metropolitan area residents;
* able to provide the name, verified telephone number, and address of at least one contact who can provide locator information on the patient during follow-up.

Exclusion Criteria:

* current psychotic disorder or evidence of dementia severe enough to prevent participation in outpatient treatment;
* acute medical problem requiring immediate inpatient treatment;
* current participation in methadone or other forms of DA treatment, other than IOP
B: Inclusion Criteria:

aged over 18;

* who are absolutely homeless or precariously housed. Absolutely homeless is defined as having had no fixed place to stay for at least the past seven nights with little likelihood of finding a place in the coming month. Precariously housed is defined as being housed a in single room occupancy, rooming house, or hotel/motel as a primary residence AND in the past year having experienced two or more episodes of being absolutely homeless OR one episode of being absolutely homeless that lasted for more than four weeks in the preceding 12 months.
* living with schizophrenia or bipolar disorder (diagnosis of DSM-IV);
* with a sufficient understanding of written and spoken French to be able to provide informed consent and to participate to face-to-face interviews;
* affiliated to a social protection;
* who have lived in the city targeted for at least 6 months and willing to stand in the city during the 2 next years;
* with a global score measured on Multnomah Community Ability Scale (MCAS) (scale \<=62 (high need criteria));
* hospitalized at least twice on the past 12 months OR held in prison on the past 24 months OR presenting substance or alcohol abuse or dependence (high need criteria).

Exclusion Criteria:

* being considered unable to provide informed consent;
* having dependent children;
* pregnancy;
* or a DSM-IV Axis I diagnosis other than schizophrenia or bipolar disorder
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Parolees enrolled in Amity's Amistad's program;
2. Age 18-60;
3. Discharged from prison or jail within the last six months;
4. History of drug use 12 months prior to most recent incarceration;
5. Previously homeless prior to most recent incarceration; and
6. Willing to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Monolingual speakers of languages other than English; and
2. Persons judged to be cognitively impaired by the research staff.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* 1) Meets Diagnostic and Statistical Manual -5 (DSM-5) criteria for opioid use disorder; (2) detained for at least 48 hours; (3) receiving opioid withdrawal treatment (as-usual) through the Detention Center's medical providers; (4) able and willing to provide informed consent in English; (5) detained for a charge that, if found guilty, will result in a sentence of less than 1 year; (6) plan to reside in Baltimore upon release; (7) 18 years of age and older.

Exclusion Criteria:

* (1) enrolled in methadone or buprenorphine treatment in the community at the time of arrest; (2) having a medical (liver failure, congestive heart failure) or psychiatric condition (e.g., suicidal ideation, psychosis) that would make participation unsafe in the judgment of the medical staff or the PI; (3) pregnancy; (4) allergy to methadone; and, (5) requiring treatment for alcohol or sedative hypnotic withdrawal.

Answer: A