Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Short-term Atorvastatin's Effect on Acute Kidney Injury Following Cardiac Surgery
Brief Summary: Aim1a: Statin naive patient's scheduled for cardiac surgery will be randomized to 80mg atorvastatin or placebo on the day prior to surgery and then 40mg daily thereafter until hospital discharge to test the hypothesis that short-term atorvastatin use decreases:

1. acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery.
2. postoperative delirium following cardiac surgery.

Aim1b: Patients using statins preoperatively will be randomized to atorvastatin 80mg or placebo on day of surgery and 40mg or placebo on postop day 1 with resumption of preoperative statin therapy on postop day 2 to test the hypothesis that short-term atorvastatin use decreases:

1. acute kidney injury following cardiac surgery.
2. postoperative delirium following cardiac surgery.

Endpoints include glomerular filtration, urine and plasma markers of renal dysfunction, markers of oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, systemic inflammatory markers, delirium, dialysis, stroke, myocardial infarction, time to extubation, ICU length of stay, and death.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* consecutive patients scheduled for the elective off-pump CABG surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

* prior statin use
* previous episodes of atrial fibrillation
* impaired renal function with serum creatinine \>2mg/dL
* serum aspartate aminotransferase or alanine aminotransferase concentrations more than 3 times the upper limit of normal
* a malignancy or inflammatory disease
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with coronary artery disease confirmed by coronary angiography.
* Patients undergoing cardiac surgery such as elective coronary bypass artery grafting (CABG), valve replacement or aortic surgery.
* All patients will not be under statins treatment for at least 6 months before their inclusion to the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Acute coronary syndrome during the last 2 months
* Renal failure (creatinine \> 2,2 mg/dl)
* Severe liver disease. Prospective follow-up of liver enzymes will be performed by the physicians in charge, as indicated by the relative guidelines regarding statins use and according to the current clinical practice.
* Any chronic/acute inflammatory disease, autoimmune disease and/or cancer
* Use of anti-inflammatory drugs or vitamins supplements
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* open heart surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

* acute coronary syndrome with troponin leak or unrelenting angina
* liver dysfunction (transaminases 2x normal)
* history of myopathy or liver dysfunction on prior statin therapy
* use of potent CYP3A4 inhibitors such as antifungal azoles, macrolide antibiotics, HIV protease inhibitors, and nefazodone.
* pregnancy or breast feeding
* cyclosporine use
* dialysis
* history of kidney transplant
* fibrate users who cannot stop fibrate use.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Planned diagnostic coronary or peripheral artery angiography
* T2DM
* CKD stages 2 and 3, eGFR 30 to 89ml/min per 1.73m2
* Statin naive, or not on statin treatment for at least 14 days
* Withdrawal metformin or aminophylline for 48h before angiography
* Total iodixanol volume

Exclusion Criteria:

* Hypersensitivity to iodine-containing compounds and statins
* Type 1 diabetes mellitus
* Ketoacidosis
* Lactic acidosis
* CKD stages 1,4 or 5 (eGFR≥90ml/min per 1.73m2 or eGFR\<30ml/min per 1.73m2)
* STEMI
* NYHA class IV or hemodynamic instability
* Administration of any iodinated CM within 14 days before randomization
* LDL-C\<1.82mmol/L（70mg/dL）
* Hepatic dysfunction (ALT 3 times greater than upper normal limit)
* Thyreoid insufficiency
* renal artery Stenosis(unilateral \>70％ or bilateral stenosis\>50％)

Answer: C