Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing a Medication, i.e., Sustained-Release Bupropion (Zyban®) With an Ultrashort (1 1/2 d) Manual-Based Psychotherapeutic Intervention, Psychodynamic Model Training®
Brief Summary: Background

Smokers often reject drugs as smoking cessation aids. Nonpharmacological interventions are notoriously under-evaluated.

Methods

We conducted a randomized clinical trial in which we compared a medication, i.e., sustained-release bupropion (Zyban®; 413 subjects), at the time of the trial the most efficacious pharmacological smoking cessation aid, with an ultrashort psychotherapeutic intervention, Psychodynamic Model Training® (366 subjects), a manual-based psychodynamically oriented 1 ½ day autosuggestion training. Outcome criterion was 12-month self-reported continuous abstinence confirmed by urine cotinine levels below the level of detection (13 ng/ml) or, in an independent analysis, by exhaled carbon monoxide of 10 ppm or less at all interviews conducted at 3, 6, and 12 months.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients who are assessed in pre-admission clinic and scheduled for elective surgical procedures within the next 8 to 30 days
* patients should be over 18 yrs of age
* patients should have smoked an average 10 cigarettes/day or more during the previous year and had no period of smoking abstinence longer than 3 months in the past year

Exclusion Criteria:

* current pregnancy (or willingness to be pregnant within the next year after the start of the medication)
* current breastfeeding
* major depression, panic disorder, psychosis, or bipolar disorder within the prior year
* use of nicotine replacement or bupropion within the previous 3 months cardiovascular disease within the past 6 months
* a serious or unstable disease within the past 6 months
* drug or alcohol abuse or dependence within the past year
* use of tobacco products other than cigarettes or marijuana use within the previous month
* participating in any other studies
* patients who cannot understand English or have any form of cognitive impairment
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* An age of at least 18 years,
* A cigarette consumption of at least 15 cigarettes per day in the last 3 months, and
* The willingness to contribute EUR 70 to the treatment costs, regardless of the treatment modality.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any psychiatric diagnosis except nicotine or caffeine dependence,
* Any current psychopharmacological treatment,
* Known hypersensitivity to bupropion,
* Epilepsy,
* Liver cirrhosis,
* Brain tumor,
* Pregnancy (verified by an immunological test at the intake interview and 3 weeks after the first day of the first menses occurring within treatment),
* Lactation,
* Any serious or unstable cardiac,
* Renal,
* Hypertensive,
* Pulmonary,
* Endocrine, or neurologic disorder,
* Ulcers,
* Dermatologic disorders,
* Current use of other smoking cessation treatments, and
* Regular use of any noncigarette tobacco product
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* \>18 years old,
* had smoked \>1 cigarette in the past month,
* were admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of acute cardiovascular disease (see below)
* had an expected hospital stay of \>24 hours.

Eligible admission diagnoses included (1) acute ischemic coronary heart disease (MI or unstable angina), (2) coronary artery bypass graft surgery, or (3) other cardiovascular conditions (congestive heart failure, cardiac arrhythmia, valvular heart disease, or atherosclerotic disease of the aorta, carotid, renal or peripheral arteries) in subjects with documented coronary artery disease.

Exclusion Criteria:

* not willing to consider smoking cessation after discharge,
* a contraindication to bupropion (seizure disorder, monoamine oxidase inhibitor use, history of anorexia nervosa or bulimia, bupropion allergy)
* a condition that increased the risk of seizure (e.g., serious head trauma with loss of consciousness
* uncontrolled hypertension (BP \>160/100) in hospital
* heavy alcohol use (\>3 drinks/day) or binge drinking (\>6 drinks for males or \>5 drinks for females) at least monthly
* renal insufficiency (serum creatinine \>2.0 mg/dl),
* severe hepatic disease
* severe depression or severe cognitive impairment or psychosis
* life expectancy of \<12 months,
* illegal drug use in the past 6 months
* bupropion use in the past month
* non-English speaking
* no telephone
* residence outside a defined geographic area.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* daily smoker
* 5+ cigarettes per day for at least one year
* expired carbon monoxide level of 5+ ppm

Exclusion Criteria:

* current use of smoking cessation pharmacotherapies
* current or history of psychotic disorder
* current major depressive disorder
* history of suicidal ideation in the previous 3 months
* unstable medical condition
* pregnant, nursing, or planning to become pregnant
* planning to move from study area within 18 months

Answer: B