Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Memantine Versus Donepezil in Mild to Moderate Alzheimer's Disease. A Randomized Trial With Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.
Brief Summary: It is well known that in the brain of the patients with Alzheimer's disease there is a glutamatergic hyperstimulation leading to neuronal death. Memantine is a low affinity antagonist of NMDA glutamate receptors. The use of this drug in the early phases of the disease could provide neuroprotective effects and delay of progression. The effects of memantine should be compared to those of donepezil, which is the most prescribed anticholinesterase drug.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinical criteria of probable Alzheimer's disease in the stages mild-to-moderate with a Mini-Mental score higher than 15 points.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous treatment with anticholinesterase drugs or memantine.
* Advanced stages of the disease
* Lack of a reliable caregiver.
* Dementias other than Alzheimer's disease
B: Inclusion Criteria: a diagnosis of dementia consistent with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders, revised 3rd edition (DSM-III-R) (APA, 1987) National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disorders and Stroke - Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) diagnostic criteria for probably or possible AD (MKhann et al, 1984) (Appendix 6) clinically significant agitation (defined as causing distress to patient and at least moderate management problems for carers on at least two days per week for a two week period, together with a Cohen Mansfield Agitation Inventory (CMAI) (Cohen-Mansfield, 1986) (Appendix 11 A) score \>39 age \>39 years resident in care facility or community living with a carer not receiving treatment with neuroleptics or cholinesterase inhibitors currently or in the past four weeks and responsible clinician not considering treatment with cholinesterase inhibitor for the next 16 weeks taking into account the clinical evidence base and NICE guideline (NICE, 2001) patient with capacity willing to consent to study or will to participate in study if lacking capacity carer with capacity willing to consent to study and in agreement for patient lacking capacity to participate if patient willing to participate

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Exclusion Criteria:known sensitivity to Donepezil severe, unstable or uncontrolled medical conditions apparent from history, physical examination or investigations current evidence of delirium patient meets criteria for Probably Dementia with Lewy Bodies (McKeith et al, 1996) low probability of treatment compliance

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C: Inclusion Criteria for Patients:

1. Written informed consent.
2. Patient Age range: Adult patients, 45 to 90 years of age, inclusive.
3. The caregiver must separately meet the specified inclusion/exclusion criteria for caregivers.
4. Women must be of non-child-bearing potential (\>1 year post-menopausal or surgically sterile).
5. There must be diagnostic evidence of probable Alzheimer's disease (AD).
6. The patient must have been receiving Aricept at a dose of dose of 10 mg IR (or 10 mg dose of generic donepezil bioequivalent to Aricept), for at least 3 months prior to the Screening visit.
7. A cranial image is required, with no evidence of focal brain disease that would account for dementia.
8. The patient must meet certain psychometric test criteria related to the degree of impairment of cognitive functioning.
9. Health: physically healthy and ambulatory or ambulatory-aided (i.e., walker or cane); corrected vision and hearing sufficient for compliance with testing procedures, and able to read prior to disease onset.
10. Clinical laboratory values must be within normal limits or, if abnormal, must be judged not clinically significant by the investigator.
11. Specified doses of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are allowed in the study if dosage is within approved dose range and stable for 3 months prior to Screening.
12. Other medical conditions, such as hypertension and cardiac disease must be well-controlled and the patient maintained on stable doses of medications for 3 months.
13. Patients with diabetes mellitus or risk factors for diabetes mellitus may be enrolled in the study provided that the patient's disease is stable and that there have been no recent hospitalizations for diabetes complications.
14. Patients whose serum B12 levels at Screening are below the normal range may nonetheless be admitted to the study if they subsequently show normal levels prior to Baseline.
15. Patients with hypothyroidism who are on a stable dose of medication for at least 12 weeks prior to Screening, have normal TSH and free T4 at Screening, and are considered euthyroid will be eligible.
16. Concomitant Medications: Under specified circumstances, the following medications may be allowed: chronic daily benzodiazepine use, bronchodilator medications for treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and memantine. Certain other additional prescription treatments for AD, such as other cholinesterase inhibitors, must have been discontinued for at least 3 months prior to screening.
17. The patient must have a relative/caregiver who supervises the regular taking of the drug at the correct dose and is alert for possible side effects, unless the patient's legal guardian takes on this task.

Inclusion Criteria for Caregivers:

The designated caregiver must be sufficiently familiar with the patient (as determined by the investigator) to provide accurate data. The caregiver must have regular contact with the patient (i.e., an average of 10 or more hours per week), must be able to observe for possible adverse events, and must be able to accompany the patient to all visits.

Exclusion Criteria for Patients:

1. Patients are excluded if they are taking (a) no medication for Alzheimer's disease, (b) Aricept or bioequivalent generic donepezil at doses other than 10 mg daily, or 10 mg for less than 3 months before Screening; (c) other medications for Alzheimer's disease, except that memantine, Vitamin E, fish oil, and/or gingko biloba are allowed if doses have been stable for at least 3 months prior to the Screening visit. Patients undergoing any alternative medical techniques, such as acupuncture or acupressure, specifically for the treatment of AD are not eligible
2. No caregiver available to meet the inclusion criteria for caregivers.
3. Patients who have no measurable blood levels of donepezil in blood samples collected at Screening.
4. Patients with neurological disorders that affect cognition or the ability to assess cognition but are distinguishable from Alzheimer's disease. These include, but are not limited to, Parkinson's disease, multi-infarct dementia, and dementia due to cerebrovascular disease.
5. Patients with psychiatric disorders affecting the ability to assess cognition such as schizophrenia, bipolar or unipolar depression. Patients with clinically significant sleep disorders will also be excluded unless these are controlled by treatment and clinically stable for \> 3 months prior to screening.
6. Patients with dementia complicated by other organic disease or Alzheimer's disease with delirium.
7. Patients with drug or alcohol abuse or dependence within the past 5 years according to DSM IV criteria.
8. Patients with any conditions affecting absorption, distribution, or metabolism of the study medication (e.g., inflammatory bowel disease, gastric or duodenal ulcers, hepatic disease, or severe lactose intolerance).
9. Patients with evidence of clinically significant, active gastrointestinal, renal, hepatic, respiratory, endocrine, or cardiovascular system disease (including history of life-threatening arrhythmias).
10. Patients with a history of cancer (does not include basal or squamous cell carcinoma of the skin) treated within 5 years prior to study entry, or current evidence of malignant neoplasm, recurrent, metastatic disease. Males with localized prostate cancer requiring no treatment would not be excluded.
11. Known plan for elective surgery during the treatment period that would require general anesthesia and administration of neuromuscular blocking agents.
12. Donation of blood or blood products during 30 days prior to Screening or plans to donate blood while participating in the study or within 30 days after completion of the study.
13. Patients who are unwilling or unable to fulfill the requirements of the study.
14. Known hypersensitivity to acetylcholinesterase inhibitors or memantine.
15. Use of any prohibited prior or concomitant medications) Any condition that would make the patient, in the opinion of the investigator, unsuitable for the study.
16. Involvement in any other investigational drug clinical trial during the preceding 3 months, or likely involvement in any other such trial during the course of this study.
17. Patients taking concomitant antidepressant medication known to have significant anticholinergic effects, such as tricyclic antidepressants prescribed at doses recommended for the treatment of major depression.
18. Patients who cannot swallow or who have difficult swallowing whole tablets.
19. Patients with fecal and/or urinary incontinence who are unable to cooperate with routine specimen collection.

Exclusion Criteria for Caregivers:

1. Caregivers who are unwilling or unable to give informed consent or otherwise to fulfill the requirements of the study.
2. Caregivers who do not meet certain psychometric test criteria.
3. Any condition that would make the caregiver, in the opinion of the Investigator, unsuitable for the study.
D: Inclusion criteria:

* Clinical diagnosis of probable mild-to-moderate Alzheimer's Disease as determined by the NINCDS-ADRDA and DSM-IV criteria with an MMSE score of 12-24.
* Subjects and their caregivers must provide informed consent prior to study entry.
* Adequate blood pressure and laboratory values.

Exclusion criteria:

* Females of child-bearing potential.
* Have other causes of dementia such as vascular damage, depression, bipolar affective disorder, schizophrenia, syphilis, vitamin B12 deficiency or thyroid deficiency.
* Subjects taking medication for Alzheimers disease or centrally acting agents which might impact study outcomes.
* Subjects taking agents for which there is a theoretical risk of interaction with SB-742457 or donepezil.
* Subjects with conditions which might be exacerbated by exposure to donepezil.
* Subjects with known hypersensitivity to sunlight or seizures.

Answer: A