Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized Trial of Interim Methadone and Patient Navigation Initiated in Jail
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine which of three approaches started in jail is more effective in treating opioid use disorder: (1) methadone treatment without counseling (termed interim methadone) coupled with case management (termed patient navigation); (2) interim methadone without patient navigation; (3) or an enhanced treatment as usual including opioid detoxification, overdose prevention and drug treatment information and referral.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 1) Meets Diagnostic and Statistical Manual -5 (DSM-5) criteria for opioid use disorder; (2) detained for at least 48 hours; (3) receiving opioid withdrawal treatment (as-usual) through the Detention Center's medical providers; (4) able and willing to provide informed consent in English; (5) detained for a charge that, if found guilty, will result in a sentence of less than 1 year; (6) plan to reside in Baltimore upon release; (7) 18 years of age and older.

Exclusion Criteria:

* (1) enrolled in methadone or buprenorphine treatment in the community at the time of arrest; (2) having a medical (liver failure, congestive heart failure) or psychiatric condition (e.g., suicidal ideation, psychosis) that would make participation unsafe in the judgment of the medical staff or the PI; (3) pregnancy; (4) allergy to methadone; and, (5) requiring treatment for alcohol or sedative hypnotic withdrawal.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult male or female inmate at MTC, BPRU, JPRU, BCCC, or MCIW and be eligible for release within 30 days
* History of opiate disorder \[meeting DSM-V criteria of dependence at the time of incarceration\]
* Suitability for XR-NTX treatment as determined by medical evaluation
* Currently opioid-free by history, with negative urine for all opioids and no signs of opiate withdrawal
* Willingness to enroll in XR-NTX treatment in prison \[not currently in or planning to pursue agonist (methadone, buprenorphine) treatment at release\]
* Planning to live in Baltimore City or County.
* Inmates not meeting the opioid-dependence criterion will be eligible if they were treated in an opioid agonist treatment program during the year before incarceration

Exclusion Criteria:

* Liver function test levels greater than three times normal
* Active medical illness that may make participation hazardous (e.g., unstable diabetes, heart disease). Adequately treated medical conditions are acceptable
* Untreated psychiatric disorder that may make participation hazardous (e.g., untreated psychosis, bipolar disorder with mania). Adequately treated psychiatric disorders and appropriate psychotropic medications will be allowed
* History of allergic reaction to XR-NTX
* Current chronic pain diagnosis for which opioids are prescribed
* Creatinine above normal limits
* Pregnancy (for women)
* Breast-feeding (for women)
* Suicidal ideation (within the past 6-months)
* Body Mass Index (BMI) \> 40
* Unadjudicated charges that may result in transfer to another facility and/or additional prison time.
C: Specific site inclusion criteria include: (a) ability to provide youth service records, (b) service to youth under community supervision, (c) access to treatment provider(s) if treatment is not provided directly by the JJ agency, (d) participation in requisite intervention training/activities,(e) minimum average case flow of 10 youth per month, (f) minimum of 10 staff per site, and (g) a senior JJ staff member who agrees to serve as site leader/liaison during the study. Study sites are geographically dispersed and were identified by state JJ agencies (and not selected for particular substance use or related BH service needs).

Youth inclusion criteria include: all youth entering the juvenile justice system during the period within the exception of those who are already in treatment at the time that they are referred to the juvenile justice agency.

Staff inclusion criteria include: all staff actively working with the youth under community supervision in the site with exclusion only of higher level administrative or regional staff over multiple units..
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* \>=18 years old
* Drug or Alcohol use in the last 90 days

Exclusion Criteria:

* \<18 years old
* Cannot speak English
* Already participate in a substance abuse treatment

Answer: A