Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Use of Vibration to Improve Visual/Spatial Neglect in Patients Affected by Stroke
Brief Summary: This study will measure if five minutes of vibration to the upper back neck muscles, prior to standard of care treatment, will improve symptoms of spatial neglect and/or activities of daily living function for patients who have had a stroke.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. First or second stroke (haemorrhagic or ischaemic) confirmed by computer axial tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging
2. Neurological representation compatible with a unilateral right lesion involvement (i.e. left hemiplegic), exhibited left visual field inattention or neglect by following either one of below criteria:

   * obtaining a total score of star cancellation subtest in the conventional battery of the Behavioural Inattention Test \<51 (out of 54)
   * obtaining a total score of line bisection subtest in the conventional battery of the Behavioural Inattention Test \<7 (out of 9)
   * Score of Catherine Bergego Scale ≥ 1
3. Right handed
4. Less than six months since onset of stroke at study entry
5. Able to follow simple command

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with severe dysphasia (either expressive or comprehensive) which restricts communication;
2. History of other neurological disease, psychiatric disorder, or alcoholism;
3. significant impairment in visual acuity caused by cataracts, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma or hemianopia
4. Any additional medical or psychological condition that would affect their ability to comply with the study protocol.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years old or older
* demonstrated visual/spatial neglect, as demonstrated by NIH Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and deficits in assessing tactile extinction and visuospatial neglect done on admission.

Exclusion Criteria:

* severe pain or skin disease at the posterior neck
* severe atherosclerosis of carotid arteries by an ultrasonic evaluation
C: Inclusion criteria

1. Diagnosis of ischemic stroke in the right middle cerebral artery or right intra-cerebral hemorrhagic stroke, confirmed by brain CT and / or brain MRI;
2. Diagnosis of LHSN with a specific test (asymmetry score on Bells cancellation test \> 3\]);
3. Intra-hospital rehabilitation setting (ordinary hospitalization or DH) or outpatient setting;
4. Age between 18 and 80 years;
5. Time between stroke onset and study recruitment three weeks to three months;
6. Availability to provide informed consent to participation.

Exclusion criteria

1. Clinical instability at recruitment (for example, fever, acute internist conditions, etc.);
2. History of epilepsy and / or occurrence in the acute phase of at least one seizure crisis
3. Presence of intracranial metallic implants;
4. Presence of devices, which could be altered by r-TMS, such as pacemakers, ventricular-peritoneal derivations, Baclofen pump;
5. Absence of a bone operculum following a neurosurgical operation of decompressive craniotomy;
6. Presence of behavioral disturbances with inversion of the sleep-wake rhythm
7. Mono- or bilateral occipital lesions documented on CT and / or history of cortical blindness or visual agnosia;
8. Concomitant psychiatric disorders and / or history of substance abuse;
9. State of pregnancy
10. Inability to execute the following simple order: "Take the pen instead of the key and put it on the sheet"
11. Severe acoustic deficit not corrected by the use of a hearing aid
12. Severe reduction of the visus despite the use of eyeglasses
13. Positive anamnesis of previous cognitive decline
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a diagnosis of stroke (of any cause), traumatic brain injury or chronic pain condition of more than 3 months duration (e.g. back and referred leg pain; complex regional pain syndrome; fibromyalgia) who are undergoing an inpatient or out-patient rehabilitation programme
* Motor neglect as assessed by standard clinical examination by a physiotherapist trained to detect such motor neglect (EV). This is defined as weakness and functional impairment without a loss of strength, reflexes or sensation.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with active serious medical problems that might affect their ability to participate in the exercise protocol (e.g. ongoing sepsis; recent myocardial infarction)
* Patients who are unable to use treadmill safely as judged by the screening physiotherapist (EV).
* Patients who are unable to give informed consent, either through issues relating to competency or to language.
* Patients with significant previous experience of virtual reality rehabilitation.

Answer: B