Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Developing Enhanced Prediction Models to Identify Patients at Risk for Hospital Readmission by Collecting Patient-Generated Health Data
Brief Summary: In this study, patients will be prospectively enrolled for data collection to design prediction models that integrate claims data (inpatient, outpatient, and pharmacy), electronic health record data (on clinical, social, and behavioral indicators), and patient-generated activity data. Patients will be randomized to use either a smartphone or a wearable activity tracking device to capture patient-generated health data.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years and older
* Admitting diagnosis of asthma or COPD
* Physician- diagnosed asthma, asthma/COPD, or COPD. We will enroll patients even if the primary reason for admission is not asthma or COPD (e.g., patients admitted for heart failure, but with a physician diagnosis of COPD are eligible)
* Patient will be discharged home on a Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI; e.g., albuterol)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently in an intensive care unit
* Physician declines to provide consent
* Patient unable to provide consent (e.g., history of cognitive impairment, unable to understand English) or declines to provide consent
* Previous participant in this study
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Be 18 years or older
2. Be able to provide informed consent
3. Be admitted to the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania or Penn Presbyterian Medical Center
4. Have a smartphone or tablet compatible with activity tracking devices
5. Plan to be discharged to home

Exclusion Criteria:

Have no medical condition which prohibits them from ambulating or plan for any medical procedure over the next 6 months that would prohibit them from ambulating.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Community dwelling patients eligible for NMS (aged from 14 years starting a new medicine for asthma/COPD, diabetes (Type 2), antiplatelet/anticoagulation or hypertension).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients collecting a repeat prescription for a medicine (i.e. not new) for asthma/COPD, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), antiplatelets/anticoagulants or hypertension
* Patients collecting a medicine where the only change from the previous medicine involves a dosage or formulation change only
* Participants who are unable to understand patient/participant study documents
* Participants who are unable and unwilling to provide written consent / assent
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male or female older than 40 years
2. Clinical diagnosis of COPD (confirmed with a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 s \[FEV1\]/forced vital capacity \[FVC\] ratio ≤70%) at least 4 weeks prior to the study and post-bronchodilator FEV1 is 50% or less than the predicted value
3. Former smokers or current smokers with at least a 10 pack-year history
4. A history of exacerbation (scheduled/unscheduled visits to primary care physicians, specialists or allied healthcare professionals, or emergency room, or hospitalization due to purulent sputum or increased sputum, or increased dyspnea) in the previous year (at least one)
5. Chronic bronchitis (cough and sputum production for at least three months within two years)
6. Able to have the signed written informed consent prior to any study-related procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. COPD exacerbation or respiratory infection 4 weeks prior to the baseline visit
2. Known a1-antitrypsin deficiency
3. Need for long-term oxygen therapy
4. Moderate to severe liver impairment (Child-Pugh B or C)
5. Severe immunological diseases (e.g. HIV infection, multiple sclerosis, lupus erythematosus, etc)
6. Severe acute infectious diseases
7. Cancers
8. Subjects being treated with immunosuppressive medicinal products (i.e.: methotrexate, azathioprine, infliximab, etanercept, or oral corticosteroids to be taken long-term) except short-term systemic corticosteroids)
9. Latent infections such as tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, herpes viral infection and herpes zoster
10. Subjects with congestive heart failure (NYHA grades 3 and 4)
11. Subjects with a history of depression associated with suicidal ideation or behavior
12. Clinically meaningful bronchiectasis
13. Pregnancy or breast feeding, or Female subjects of childbearing potential unwilling to use effective contraception
14. Patients with known hypersensitivity to Roflumilast or rescue medication and their ingredients
15. Patients with previous Roflumilast therapy within past 3 months

Answer: B