Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Divalproex Sodium in the Treatment of PTSD: A Placebo-Controlled Study
Brief Summary: The purposes of this study are:

* To study the efficacy of divalproex in the treatment of PTSD;
* To study the plasma GABA (gamma aminobutyric acid) levels before and after treatment with divalproex in PTSD.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Outpatient, male and female 18 to 60 yrs old
* PTSD diagnostic according to DSM-IV criteria
* Patients who agree to receive diagnostic after SCID I application by a trained psychiatrist
* Sexually active female patients who agree to use contraceptive
* Patients who agree to sign the IRB approved informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who have schizophrenic disorder, delusional, psychotic depression, schizo-affective, bipolar and dependence to psychoactive substance disorders
* Patients who have clinical disorders not compensated, which require clinical treatment as priority
* Pregnancy
* Previous renal calculosis history
* Being under antidepressant, or other psychotropic medications
* BMI under 20.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of PTSD, confirmed by MINI (Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview) and CAPS
* Age 19 or older
* No substance abuse/dependence for the previous 6 weeks (except for nicotine and caffeine)
* Free of psychotropic medication for 2 weeks (except 6 weeks for fluoxetine)
* Clinically normal physical and laboratory examination (lab profile listed below). LFTs (liver function tests) up to 2.5 times the normal limit will be allowed.
* Women of childbearing potential must be using medically approved methods of birth control (such as a condom, birth control pill, Depo-Provera, or diaphragm with spermicides)
* Signed informed consent
* Male or female of any race or ethnic origin

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lifetime history of bipolar I, psychotic, or cognitive disorders
* Actively suicidal, homicidal, or psychotic
* History of sensitivity to divalproex
* Unstable general medical conditions
* Score 6 on Question #10 of MADRS
* Women who are pregnant, planning to become pregnant or to breastfeed during the study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* DSM-IV diagnosis of PTSD
* Experienced traumatic event at least 12 weeks prior to study entry
* Willingness to discontinue current CBT or antidepressant treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current diagnosis of schizophrenia or delusional disorder
* Medically unstable bipolar disorder, depression with psychotic features, or depression requiring psychiatric treatment
* Current diagnosis of alcohol or substance dependence within 3 months prior to study entry
* Ongoing intimate relationship with the perpetrator of the traumatic event
* History of nonresponse to either CBT or sertraline
* Medical contraindication for sertraline
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Being between the ages of 18-65
* Having gone through a potentially traumatic event.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not suffering from chronic PTSD
* Systolic blood pressure \<100 mm Hg;
* Heart rate below 55 beats per minute;
* Having a medical condition that contraindicates the administration of propranolol, e.g., history of congestive heart failure, heart block, insulin-requiring diabetes, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or asthma. With regard to asthma, because many persons who say they have had an asthma attack, especially as a child, may only have had hay fever, another allergy, or another non-asthmatic episode, a blanket exclusion criterion may be overly restrictive. Therefore, asthma attacks will only be exclusionary if they a.) occurred within the past 10 years, b.) occurred at any time in life if induced by a β-blocker, or c.) are currently being treated, regardless of the date of last occurrence. Cardiological consultation will be obtained as necessary;
* Previous adverse reaction to, or non-compliance with, a β-blocker;
* Current use of a medication that may involve potentially dangerous interactions with propranolol, including, other β-blockers, antiarrhythmics, calcium channel blockers, and potent P450 2D6 inhibitors, e.g., fluoxetine, paroxetine, miconazole, sulconazole, metoclopramide, quinidine, ticlopidine, and ritonavir. Because the protocol does not require to take large doses of propranolol on a daily basis, the decision to exclude participants will be taken by the physician on a case-by-case basis;
* Pregnancy or breast feeding. Although propranolol can be used during pregnancy we will advise women not to participate in they are or become pregnant. Women breastfeeding will also be advised not to participate because propranolol has been found in human milk. That the quantity absorbed by the breast feeding infant is inferior to 1% of the therapeutic dose (Vidal, 2008).
* Contraindicating psychiatric condition, including current psychotic, bipolar, melancholic, or substance dependence or abuse disorder; suicidality;
* Initiation of, or change in, psychotropic medication within the previous 2 months. For participants receiving stable doses of pharmacotherapy, they and their providers will be asked not to change the regimen except in clinically urgent circumstances; if this becomes necessary, a decision will be made on a case-by-case basis with regard to retaining the participant or terminating participation;
* Current participation in any psychotherapy (other than strictly supportive). Participants will be asked not to initiate psychotherapy during the course of the proposed study except in clinically urgent circumstances; if this becomes necessary, a decision will be made on a case-by-case basis with regard to retaining the participant or terminating participation;
* Inability to understand the study's procedures, risks, and side effects, or to otherwise give informed consent for participation;
* Understanding neither French nor English.

Answer: B