Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effect of a Brief Psychological Intervention on Reducing Self-harm Repetition: Feasibility Study
Brief Summary: Recent research has focused on examining brief interventions for reducing self-harm, such as the volitional help sheet (VHS). The VHS is a theory-based psychological intervention. Two previous studies applying this tool for reducing self-harm repetition showed inconsistent results; one showed reduced subsequent self-reported suicidal ideation and behavior in patients presenting to hospital for self-harm, whilst the other showed no effect on the number of patients who re-presented to hospital with self-harm. The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of the VHS intervention amongst self-harm patients in Taiwan and explore its effect on self-harm repetition based on self-reported self-harm, hospital re-presentations with self-harm, and self-harm episodes from a nationwide self-harm registry. It is a two-phase study: first a qualitative study and second an exploratory randomized control trial. The first study is to interview people who self-harm about their perceptions about the VHS on the online platform, to inform the modification of VHS and the best way to intervene. The second is to examine the feasibility and effect of this intervention at the emergency department setting.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 18 and over
* Have a history of self-harm
* Good verbal and written understanding of English

Exclusion Criteria:

* Aged under 18 years of age
* No history of self-harm
* Poor verbal and written understanding of English
* Not currently resident of an inpatient facility for mental illness
B: In phase I

Inclusion Criteria:

1. With self-harm experience in the past month
2. Aged 20 years or over

Exclusion Criteria:

1. With severe hallucinations or delusions or medically unfit for interview
2. Limited hands movement (e.g. seriously wounded wrists)

In phase II

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Admitted to the ER following an episode of self-harm
2. Aged 20 years or over

Exclusion Criteria:

1. With severe hallucinations or delusions or medically unfit for interview
2. Limited hands movement (e.g. seriously wounded wrists)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Individuals with an index episode of self-poisoning or self-injury with or without suicide intent, based on the ICD-10 codes for self-harm with and without suicide intent (i.e., X60 to X84 and R45.8)
* Admission to the AEDs at the 4 collaborating public hospitals in Hong Kong (United Christian Hospital, North District Hospital, Queen Mary Hospital, and Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital)
* Mentally well assessed by a psychiatrist or Consultation Liaison Nurses (CLNs)
* Capable of providing written Informed Consent Form

Exclusion Criteria:

* Individuals with DSM-IV-TR Axis II disorder; or
* Individuals with severe psychotic mental illness or bipolar disorder
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Informed Consent as documented by signature (Appendix Informed Consent Form)
* Age 18 or older
* Attempted suicide no longer than 6 months before inclusion
* Treatment in and outpatient clinic of the University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, a daycare clinic or on a ward of the University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich
* Able and willing to comply with all study requirements, especially being able to participate and understand psychotherapy sessions

Exclusion Criteria:

* Acute psychosis with delusion and/or hallucination
* Dementia
* Insufficient ability to communicate in German language
* Chronic self-harming behaviour without a direct intention of suicide (Wolfersdorf \& Etzersdorfer, 2011)
* Inability to follow the procedures of the study, e.g. due to language problems, psychological disorders, dementia, etc. of the participant,
* Current electroconvulsive therapy (do to interference between cognitive side effects and psychotherapeutic intervention)
* Participation in another study with investigational drug within the 30 days preceding and during the present study,
* Previous enrolment into the current study,
* Enrolment of the investigator, his/her family members, employees and other dependent persons,

Answer: B