Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Building Capacity and Promoting Smoking Cessation in the Community Via "Quit to Win" Contest 2015: a Randomized Controlled Trial on Brief Intervention (AWARD Model) and Active Referral to Smoking Cessation Services
Brief Summary: Although smoking prevalence is decreasing in Hong Kong, there are still 648,800 daily smokers 10.8% (Census and Statistics Department, 2013) and half will be killed by smoking (Lam, 2012) which accounts for over 7,000 deaths per year (Lam, Ho, Hedley, Mak, \& Peto, 2001). Smoking also accounts for a large amount of medical cost, long-term care and productivity loss of US$688 million (0.6% Hong Kong GDP) (Census \& Statistics Department, 2001; McGhee et al., 2006) . Smoking is a highly addictive behavior and it is difficult for smokers with strong nicotine dependence to quit without assistance. On the other hand, reaching and helping the many smokers who have no intention to quit is a challenge, because they are unlikely to seek professional help from smoking cessation services.

The Quit and Win programme provides an opportunity to reach and encourage a large group of smokers to make quit attempt and maintain abstinence. The Quit and Win model posits that smokers participating in the contest will have higher motivation to quit with incentives and better social support (Cahill \& Perera, 2011). Studies have found that such quitting contests or incentive programs appeared to reach a large number of smokers and demonstrated a significantly higher quit rate for the quit and win group than for the control group (Cahill \& Perera, 2008).

Smoking cessation services in Hong Kong are under-used with more than half (60.9%) adult daily smokers who had never used smoking cessation services (Census and Statistics Department, 2013). Among these smokers only 9.6% were willing to use the services. Existing services mostly require self-initiation to seek the services but smokers general lack the will power of initiation. Active referral will help overcome the barriers of self-initiation. There is preliminary evidence that active referral of smokers to smoking cessation hotline services may increase likelihood of smoking abstinence at 12-month follow-up compared with no active referrals (Borland et al., 2008). A recent study has also reported that individuals who used the community-based referral were also more likely to quit than those who did not (43.6% vs 15.3%, P\<0.001) (Haas et al., 2015).

Therefore, the present study will examine (1) effectiveness of the active referral and AWARD approaches, (2) explore the use of CBPR model to build capacity and to engage community partners in taking on this important public health issue for sustainability in the community. In addition, process evaluation will be conducted to assess the effectiveness of the recruitment activity and how it is linked with the overall program outcomes.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Current smoker of at least 10 cigarettes per week and at least 100 cigarettes over the course of a lifetime
* Residents of the study area in Nakhon Nayok province, which includes the six subdistricts of Klong Yai, Chumpon, Bueng San, Pak Phli, Khao Phoem, or Ongkharak

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant
* Plans to leave the study area within the next 12 months
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hong Kong residents aged 18 or above
* Smoke at least 1 cigarette per day in the past 3 months
* Able to communicate in Cantonese
* Exhaled carbon monoxide (CO) 4 ppm or above, assessed by a validated CO smokerlyzer
* Have Intention to quit

Exclusion Criteria:

* Smokers who have difficulties (either physical or cognitive condition) to communicate
* Currently following other smoking cessation programs
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* at least 18 years
* pregnant, gestation \<= 27 weeks
* cigarette smoking in the past week (even if only one puff)

Exclusion Criteria:

* inability to speak or understand spoken English
* do not intend to carry pregnancy to full term
* frank psychosis
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Active smoker of 5 cigarettes per day for at least 6 months;
* At least 18 years old;
* Current full- or part-time employee of CVS or be a family member or friend of a current full- or part-time employee of CVS.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Use a form of tobacco other than cigarettes while participating in the study (as this may influence biochemical testing);
* Are unable or unwilling to access the internet;
* Are unable to provide informed consent.
* Due to the web-based nature of this study, people without reliable computer and internet access will also be excluded.

Answer: B