Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Comparison of Two Weight Reducing Diets in Obese Men
Brief Summary: Obesity has become a global epidemic, and treating and preventing obesity appears to be one of the world's greatest challenges. The disorder is associated with a wide range of metabolic and hormonal changes, including the development of insulin resistance, changes in adipose tissue function, increased levels of blood lipids, cardiovascular disease and obesity induced fatty liver. Obesity is characterized by inflammation in adipose tissue, altered fat storage capacity and increased exchange of lipids between adipose tissue and blood, and increased secretion of cytokines from adipose tissue. Cytokines are believed to play a central role in the regulation of adipose tissue, the size of adipocytes and other metabolic conditions.

The hepatic synthesis of lipoproteins and interaction with adipose tissue is essential for the body's energy storages. The central role of the liver in energy supply, fat storage and normalization of blood values implies the importance of investigating the interaction between adipose tissue and liver to increase knowledge about the morbidity of obesity. Central obesity and insulin resistance are clear risk factors for the development of fatty liver, but the importance of diet is unclear. The common perception is that fatty liver condition can be improved by a reduction in dietary fat and cholesterols, but the relationship is unclear, and contradictory findings occur in epidemiological studies. It is therefore necessary to better understand the impact of the different macro-nutrients.

The purpose of this study is to determine whether two weight reducing diets with equal calorie levels that contain high or low fat differentially affects the adipose tissue function, distribution of body fat, as well as tissue, blood and urine levels of inflammatory markers, lipids, vitamins, hormones and other substances that may be related to metabolically health.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 to 35 years
* Body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30 kg/m2
* Access to a working telephone
* Conversant in English
* Written medical clearance from a primary care physician or nurse practitioner, ruling out any pre-existing or complicating medical condition

Exclusion Criteria:

* Body weight \>300 lbs
* Major medical illness (heart, kidney or liver disease; diabetes; cancer; endocrinopathy; psychiatric illness) or other active medical problem
* An obesity-associated genetic syndrome (e.g., Prader-Willi)
* An abnormal screening laboratory test (ALT, creatinine, BUN, hematocrit)
* Fasting blood glucose ≥ 126 mg/dl)
* Taking any prescription medication that affects body weight (glucocorticoids, neuropsychiatric agents), blood pressure, or serum cholesterol concentrations
* Currently smoking (1 cigarette during any of the last 7 days)
* Previous diagnosis of an eating disorder (anorexia nervosa, bulimia, binge-eating disorder)
* If female, not pregnant or planning to become pregnant in the next 18 months and not lactating
* Failure to complete the pre-enrollment visits
B: Inclusion Criteria.

* Healthy men.
* BMI 30-40.
* Fasting blood glucose \< 7 mM.
* Stable body weight last 2 months.

Exclusion Criteria.

* High intake of alcohol.
* Medication affecting glucose or lipid metabolism.
* Allergy towards important food items in the diet.
* Inflammatory bowel disease.
* Surgery or use of antibiotics last 2 months.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Self-identify as African American
* Be between the ages of 18-65 years
* Body Mass Index between 25- 49.9 kg/m2
* Live in the Columbia, SC/Midlands area
* Be able to attend all monitoring and weekly class visits
* Be willing to be randomized to either diet

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently following a vegan diet
* Diagnosed with diabetes that is controlled by medication
* Currently pregnant or breastfeeding (or plan to become pregnant in the next 24 months)
* Under the age of 18 years old
* Over the age of 65 years old
* Currently participating in a weight loss program
* Has lost more than 10 pounds in the past 6 months
* Diagnosed with stroke or heart attack
D: Inclusion criteria:

* Students in Zhejiang University or working stuff in the Chinese PLA General Hospital
* 18 ≤ age ≤ 35
* Body Mass Index \< 28\*
* Are willing to eat all of the study foods even when full
* Are willing to eat only foods provided
* Are willing to avoid strenuous activity during the 6-mo intervention Exclusion criteria：
* Systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mmHg
* Total cholesterol ≥ 239 mg/dL
* Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥ 159 mg/dL
* Triglycerides ≥ 199 mg/dL
* Blood glucose ≥ 110 mg/dL
* Change in body weight exceeding ± 10% during the prior year
* Energy intake is too low or too high
* Unwillingness or special requirement for diet that could not be modified
* Poor adherence during the recruiting meeting or unsatisfactory completion of keeping food diary or filling questionnaire at any time before randomization
* Eating disorder or any psychosocial or scheduling factors that could impede study outcomes
* Have a history of diagnosed CVD, diabetes, cancer or inflammatory diseases
* Have a history of a mental illness
* Have diagnosed endocrine, pulmonary or hematological disease
* Have diagnosed bowel disease or malabsorption that would prevent the participants from complying with the dietary restrictions of the feeding trial
* Renal or liver insufficiency
* Other chronic disease thought to interfere with the effect of the diet or with participation or adherence
* Current use of supplements or anti-inflammation medications or medications affecting glucose, lipid metabolism and blood pressure
* Smoking or alcoholic beverage intake \>1 times per week
* Current or planned pregnancy prior to end of study, or breast-feeding
* Irregular menstrual cycles
* Have birth control medication

Answer: B