Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Anti-inflammatory Effect of Prophylactic Macrolides on Children With Chronic Lung Disease: a Double Blinded RCT
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine if the prophylactic use of azithromycin will reduce the total number of days when unscheduled treatment is given outside of the home in a clinic, urgent care, emergency room or hospital setting between the respiratory illness season months (October 1-March 31) and subsequent 2 month follow-up (April and May)


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with culture-positive stool sample with Campylobacter concisus
* Diarrheic patients ≥ 18 years
* symptoms of diarrhea defined as three or more watery stools per day or
* two watery stools per day + at least one of the following symptoms: abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting or fever.
* Diarrheic symptoms for a minimum of 24 hours before enrollment.
* Diarrheic symptoms for a maximum of 21 days before enrollment.
* Informed oral and signed written consent, with documentation that all relevant information about the study is given to the patient.
* The patient must be willing and able to participate in the trial.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Hypersensitivity to azithromycin, erythromycin, macrolide or other ketolide-antibiotics
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding (if relevant).
* Culture positive stool sample with a Co-pathogen.
* Treatment with other antibiotics (in any stage 21 days before the first stool sample).
* Patients with severe liver disease.
* Patients with severe renal impairment (GFR \<10 ml / min).
* Patients with congenital or documented acquired QT prolongation.
* Patients treated with other active drugs that prolong the QT interval such as: antiarrhythmics of classes IA and III, cisapride and terfenadine.
* Patients with electrolyte disorders, particularly hypokalemia and hypomagnesemia.
* Patients with clinically relevant bradycardia, arrhythmia or severe heart failure.
* Inflammatory bowel diseases
* Chronic diarrhea of known cause.
* Dementia.
* Serious illness less than 21 days from the planned entry into the study.
* Patients treated with medications that have interactions with azithromycin e.g. alkaloids, ciclosporin or amiodarone.
* Patients involved in the planning or execution of the study.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* children with a diagnosis of chronic lung disease (CLD) secondary to bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) as defined by ATS.
* children who receive primary care at High Risk Infant Clinic or High Risk Children's Clinic

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children with Cystic Fibrosis or bronchiectasis
* Children with cardiac arrhythmias
* Children with cyanotic heart disease
* Children with colitis
* Children with a known Macrolide allergy
* Children taking medications known to interact with macrolides
* Children with short bowel syndrome
* Children with kidney or liver failure
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis of chronic lung disease (defined as FEV1 and/or FVC \<80% predicted)
2. Age 6-19 years
3. Perinatally-acquired HIV infection the most likely source of transmission
4. On first or second-line ART for at least one year
5. HIV-1 viral load undetectable (as defined by each trial site)
6. A firm home address accessible for visiting and intending to remain there for 24 months
7. Willing to agree to participate in the study and to give samples of blood and sputum
8. HIV status disclosed to child for those aged older than 12 years

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any condition (except HIV) that may prove fatal during the study period (e.g. malignancy, end-stage HIV disease or other conditions deemed likely fatal by the trial physician)
2. Diagnosis of active pulmonary TB
3. Infection with non-tuberculous mycobacteria (NTM)
4. Pregnant or breast-feeding
5. Condition likely to lead to lack of understanding of study procedures or to uncooperative behaviour e.g. neurocognitive disease, developmental delay or psychiatric illness
6. History of prolonged QTc syndrome or current or planned therapy with drugs likely to cause cardiac dysrhythmias
7. Abnormal ECG findings
8. Acute respiratory tract infection during enrolment (patients will be eligible once their acute infection is treated)
9. Creatinine clearance of \<30mls/minute
10. ALT more than 2 times the upper limit of normal
11. No defined guardian/stable caregiver
12. No consent/assent from guardian/child
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients aged 18 ≥ years
* Bronchiectasis diagnosed by plain bronchography or high resolution computer tomography.
* Minimal 3 lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) treated with oral/intravenous (IV) antibiotics in the year preceding the study inclusion.
* The presence of chronic respiratory symptoms such as cough, dyspnoea, expectoration of sputum.
* At least one positive sputum culture in the preceding year.
* Informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous ( ≥ 4 weeks) prolonged macrolide therapy.
* Pregnant or lactating women.
* Allergy to macrolides.
* Intolerance to macrolides.
* Liver disease (alanine transaminase and/or aspartate transaminase levels 2 or more times the upper limit of normal).
* Use of antibiotics within 14 days of screening.
* Use of oral or IV corticosteroids (≥ 30 mg prednisolone/daily) within 30 days of screening.
* Other research medication started 2 months prior to inclusion.

Answer: B