Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Varenicline and Smoking Cessation in Schizophrenia
Brief Summary: There is a strong association between smoking and schizophrenia with prevalence rates ranging from 74% to 90%, versus a national average of 30% in nonschizophrenic individuals. A number of hypotheses have been proposed to explain the relationship between high smoking rates and schizophrenia, mostly relating to self-medication primarily for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Smoking cessation rates among schizophrenic patients are considerably lower than for other psychiatric disorders. The negative health effects of smoking increase the morbidity and mortality in schizophrenic patients. Currently, the efficacy of bupropion HCl in the treatment of smoking by schizophrenic subjects is inconclusive, and there have not been any published studies of the efficacy of varenicline in schizophrenic subjects. As varenicline appears to be a promising treatment in non-psychiatric patients, it would be useful to expand these studies to examine its effects in schizophrenic patients. Identifying effective and safe means of smoking cessation for this vulnerable population has the potential to reduce morbidity and mortality among individuals with schizophrenia.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Varenicline + Active Patch; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Nicotine Patch, Drug: Varenicline | Arm Label: Varenicline + Placebo Patch; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo, Drug: Varenicline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Nicotine Patch; Assigned to Arm(s): Varenicline + Active Patch | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Varenicline + Placebo Patch | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Varenicline + Active Patch, Varenicline + Placebo Patch
B: Arm Label: cigarette substitute; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: cigarette substitute | Arm Label: e-cigarette (with 0 mg/ml nicotine); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: e-cigarette | Arm Label: e-cigarette (with 8 mg/ml nicotine); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: e-cigarette | Arm Label: e-cigarette (with 36 mg/ml nicotine); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: e-cigarette | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: e-cigarette; Assigned to Arm(s): e-cigarette (with 0 mg/ml nicotine), e-cigarette (with 36 mg/ml nicotine), e-cigarette (with 8 mg/ml nicotine) | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: cigarette substitute; Assigned to Arm(s): cigarette substitute
C: Arm Label: Placebo Control; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Smoking cessation counseling, Drug: Placebo | Arm Label: Experimental: Varenicline; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Smoking cessation counseling, Drug: Varenicline | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Smoking cessation counseling; Assigned to Arm(s): Experimental: Varenicline, Placebo Control | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo Control | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Experimental: Varenicline
D: Arm Label: Sugar Pill; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Sugar Pill | Arm Label: Varenicline; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Varenicline | Arm Label: Bupropion HCl; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Bupropion HCl | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Sugar Pill; Assigned to Arm(s): Sugar Pill | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Varenicline; Assigned to Arm(s): Varenicline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Bupropion HCl; Assigned to Arm(s): Bupropion HCl

Answer: D