Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect and Associated Factors of the Clinical Pharmacy Model in the Incidence of Medical Errors in the Hospital Pablo Tobon Uribe- Colombia
Brief Summary: Medication errors are considered by WHO to be a subject that requires attention at all levels of care, in order to reduce the serious and preventable damage related to medication.

These strategies are aimed at the patient's safety policy. In Colombia, at the regulatory level there is no standardized clinical pharmacy model where the role of the clinical pharmacist is described extensively and in detail, and in addition, data are unknown of the scope or direct effect of the incorporation of this model in the assistance in the results of health care.

The Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe, it is a highly complex institution in Medellin (Colombia), certified by Join Comission International (JCI), which requires the continuous interaction of the pharmacist in patient care, in order to avoid medication errors and contribute to patient safety indicators. In this sense, the hospital structured and implemented a clinical pharmacy model that establishes the activities of the pharmacist incorporated into the care team in the patient attention. Today this model is applied in the institution, however, it is necessary to know the effect of its application in the solution of drug-related problems (DRPs) or a negative outcome related to medicine. The objective of this study is to know the effect on patient safety of a clinical pharmacy model in a hospital of high complexity and framed in the WHO initiative to reduce these errors of medication.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Provision of informed consent by the patient or legal guardian/next-of-kin
2. Age ≥ 65 years
3. Arrival to hospital within previous 72 hours
4. Admitted as a general medical or surgical on call patient
5. Anticipated in-hospital stay of \> 48 hours,
6. ≥ 3 active (requiring current medication) chronic medical disorders

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Admitted under:

   * Geriatric Medicine
   * Clinical Pharmacology
   * Palliative Medicine
   * Clinical Oncology
   * Hematology
2. Intention of primary team at the time of subject admission to seek a Geriatric Medicine, Clinical Pharmacology or Palliative Medicine in-patient consultation
3. Life expectancy in the opinion of the admitting clinician of \< 3 months
4. Admission directly to an intensive care unit,
5. Admission with primary acute psychiatric illness (excluding delirium)
6. Admission with non-accidental overdose/self-harm
7. Anticipated immediate transfer to alternative non-participating clinical service/hospital
8. Clinical diagnosis of acute Liver failure
9. estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate \<10 ml/min per 1.73 m2
10. Solid organ transplant recipients
11. Patients with malignancy receiving systemic chemotherapy
12. Hospitalized for elective procedure
13. Patient was more than 24 hours in the Emergency Department under the care of a different team to that which finally is in charge of them
14. Patients who are actively participating in another clinical trial
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* To be hospitalized in the Hospital Pablo Tobón Uribe a minimum of 24 hours.
* Patient with at least 5 drugs in their pharmacological therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with only surgical procedures.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hospitalized at Vanderbilt University Medical Center
* Medicare-eligible
* Discharged from VUMC to a post acute care facility
* Has polypharmacy as defined by \> 5 medications
* Able to self-consent or has a proxy (surrogate)
* Speaks English (due to interview-based assessments)
* Primary home residence within one of 9 surrounding counties (due to home visit during follow-up phase)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Resides in long-term care
* Is currently on hospice or otherwise has a limited life expectancy (\< 6 months).
* Enrolled in a clinical drug trial
* Has Stage IV Cancer Diagnosis
* Incarcerated or homeless
* Unable to self-consent and does not have a surrogate
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects aged under 18 or over 65 years
* Subject hospitalized in the multidisciplinary pediatric service or internal medicine ward, after emergency department visit at Timone hospital (Marseille, France) regardless of the reason for admission
* Subject with or without any comorbidity
* Living in France
* With national publicly-founded health insurance

Inclusion criteria for parents of minor child:

* Major subject and/or holder of parental authority of a hospitalized child, who fulfills the eligibility criteria mentioned above, in the multidisciplinary pediatric ward;
* Whatever the reason for hospitalization of the patient;

Inclusion criteria for the caregivers of patients older than 65 years:

* Major subject, designated by the patient or designating himself as the person most involved in the daily life of the patient;
* Whatever the reason for hospitalization of the patient;
* Whatever relationship or proximity to the study patient (family member, friend, neighbor);

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients whose care requires regular re-hospitalization / programmed less than 30 days after discharge of initial hospitalization
* Vulnerable persons according to French law (pregnant women, adults under guardianship, persons deprived of liberty)

Answer: B