Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Macronutrient Composition of Diet and Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease
Brief Summary: The objective of this trial is to examine the long-term effects of a diet low in carbohydrates, as compared to one low in fat, on cardiovascular disease risk factors, including blood pressure (BP), body weight and composition, serum lipids, plasma glucose, insulin, adipocytokines (adiponectin, leptin, resistin), and C-reactive protein (CRP) among obese adults.

The investigators will test the following hypotheses:

Hypothesis 1: Compared to a low fat diet, a diet low in carbohydrates will reduce systolic and diastolic BP over 12 months; Hypothesis 2: Compared to a low fat diet, a diet low in carbohydrates will reduce body weight, total percent body fat, and waist circumference over 12 months; Hypothesis 3: Compared to a low fat diet, a diet low in carbohydrates will reduce serum levels of LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides and increase serum levels of HDL-cholesterol over 12 months; Hypothesis 4: Compared to a low fat diet, a diet low in carbohydrates will reduce plasma levels of glucose and insulin levels over 12 months; and Hypothesis 5: Compared to a low fat diet, a diet low in carbohydrates will reduce plasma levels of leptin, resistin, and CRP and increase plasma levels of adiponectin over 12 months.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Having type 2 diabetes for at least three months prior to screening and treated with any antihyperglycemic medication
* A1C ≥7 %
* Consuming \<3 servings of dairy products per day
* On stable dose of diabetes, blood pressure or cholesterol medications for 3 months
* Body weight is within 10% of current weight over the last 6 months before starting the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy or lactation
* Lactose intolerance
* Allergy to milk or any of its components
* Use of orlistat
* History of pancreatitis
* History of gastric bypass surgery or sleeve gastrectomy
* Active malignancy
* History of recent cardiovascular event
* Having a heart pacemaker
* Enrollment in other studies that may affect study outcomes
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Informed Consent
* Clinical: Unstable coronary disease with documented vessel/myocardial damage

  * Acute Myocardial Infarction
  * Revascularization

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age \< 20 or \> 75 years (or life expectancy lower than 5 years).
* Patients already planned for revascularization.
* Patients submitted to revascularization in the last 6 months
* Grade II-IV Heart failure.
* Left ventricle dysfunction with ejection fraction lower than 35%.
* Patients unable to follow a protocol.
* Patients with severe uncontrol of Diabetes Mellitus, or those with Renal Insufficiency with plasma creatinine higher than 2mg/dl, or cerebral complications of Diabetes mellitus.
* Other chronic diseases:

  * Psychiatric diseases
  * Renal Insufficiency
  * Chronic Hepatopathy
  * Active Malignancy
  * Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
  * Diseases of the digestive tract Endocrine disorders
* Patients participating in other Clinical trials (in the enrollment moment or 30 days prior).
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* BMI\>27
* age\>40
* History of CHD or diabetes in any age or BMI level

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant or lactating women.
* Active drug or alcohol use or dependence that, in the opinion of the site investigator, would interfere with adherence to study requirements.
* Serum creatinine \> 3 mg/dl.
* Liver dysfunction ( ³ 2 fold level of ALT and AST enzymes).
* Participation in another trial in which active intervention is being received.
* Any intestinal problem that would prevent the patient from eating one of the test diets (for example, gastric stapling that might prevent consumption of vegetables).
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Men or women aged 22 - 75 years, any race/ethnicity
* BMI of 30 - 45 k/m2
* Willing and able to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of self-reported clinical CVD (angina/myocardial infarction, coronary revascularization, heart failure, stroke/transient ischemic attack, peripheral arterial disease)
* Medical condition in which a low-carbohydrate diet may not be advised (diabetes, renal disease, cancer requiring treatment during the past year, osteoporosis, untreated thyroid disease, gout)
* Current use of more than 2 antihypertensive or more than 2 cholesterol-lowering medications
* For women, current pregnancy or breastfeeding or plans to become pregnant during the study period
* Consumption of more than 21 alcoholic beverages per week
* Currently on a diet or using prescription weight loss medications, underwent weight loss surgery, and/or experienced weight loss \>15 pounds within 6 months of study entry
* Plans to move out of the study area (\>1 hour from study site) or difficulty to come to the study site
* Participation of another household member in the study; employees or persons living with employees of the study
* Participation in other lifestyle intervention trials currently
* At the discretion of the study coordinator

Answer: D