Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Is the a Difference Between Rehabilitation Treatment, Pelvic Floor Muscle Training, Bladder Training and Anticholinergic Drug Treatment in UUI in the Long Term: A Study of Impairment, Quality of Life, and Cost Effectiveness
Brief Summary: * Urinary Urge Incontinence (UUI) is the involuntary urine loss associated with a strong sensation to void.
* UUI usually associated with reduced bladder capacity.
* The pathophysiology is unclear.
* Pelvic floor muscle dysfunction and detrusor instability have been suggested as possible mechanisms.
* Standard treatment includes anticholinergic medication and behavior modification.
* The study aims to compare the long term effectiveness of 4 different approaches to the treatment of women with Urge Urinary Incontinence (UUI):

  1. Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation (includes muscle training+behavioral intervention+bladder training)
  2. Pelvic Floor muscle training alone
  3. Bladder Training alone
  4. Drug treatment with Tolterodine.
* Study variables will include: impairment ratings, quality of life, and cost-effectiveness.
* This study addresses three issues:

  1. The long term efficacy and cost-effectiveness of the various treatment options.
  2. To identify the factors involved in determining the effectiveness of drug or behavioral therapy.
  3. The pathophysiology of UUI. By subdividing the rehabilitation group into 3 arms, we hope to shed light on the mechanism of dysfunction. A better response in one group will help localize the problem to pelvic floor muscles or to detrusor instability.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Singleton, primiparous pregnancy
* Delivering at Prentice Women's Hospital
* Able to participate based on PARmedX for pregnancy criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-english or Spanish speaking
* Age less than 18 years
* Known condition requiring cesarean section
* Currently enrolled in any kind of physical therapy
* Unable to complete the program secondary to medical limitations
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* complaints of urinary leakage \> 3 in last month (not stress incontinence)
* functionally independent subjects

Exclusion Criteria:

* urinary tract infection
* urogenital prolapse
* unstable diabetes
* neurological or psychiatric disease
* narrow angle glaucoma
* after colposuspension or sling surgery
* Mini Mental State Examination \<24
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Symptoms of overactive bladder (including urinary frequency, urgency with/without urge incontinence) for\> 3 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Clinically significant outflow obstruction
* Significant post void residual volume
* Significant stress incontinence or mixed stress/urge incontinence where stress is the predominant factor as determined by the investigator.
* Patient with a neurological cause for abnormal detrusor activity.
* Evidence of a symptomatic urinary tract infection, chronic inflammation such as interstitial cystitis, bladder stones, previous pelvic radiation therapy or previous or current malignant disease of the pelvic organs
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Type 2 diabetes
* Overweight
* BMI of 25 kg/m2 or greater
* If on insulin, BMI of 27 kg/m2 or greater
* Blood pressure less than 160/100 mmHg
* HbA1c less or equal to 11%
* Triglycerides less than 600 mg/dl
* Willingness to participate

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable or unwilling to give informed consent or communicate with local study staff.
* Current diagnosis of schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, or bipolar disorder.
* Hospitalization for depression in past six months.
* Self-report of alcohol or substance abuse within the past twelve months.
* Current consumption of more than 14 alcoholic drinks per week.
* Current acute treatment or rehabilitation program for these problems.
* Plans to relocate to an area not served by Look AHEAD or travel plans that do not permit full participation in the study.
* Lack of support from primary care health provider or family members.
* Failure to complete the two-week run-in for dietary intake and exercise.
* Weight loss exceeding 10 lbs. in past three months.
* Current use of medications for weight loss.
* Self reported inability to walk two blocks.
* History of bariatric surgery, small bowel resection, or extensive bowel resection.
* Chronic treatment with systemic corticosteroids.
* Another member of the household is a participant or staff member in Look AHEAD.
* Currently pregnant or nursing.
* Cancer requiring treatment in the past five years, except for non-melanoma skin cancers or cancers that have clearly been cured.
* HIV positive (self-report), due to effects on weight and body composition of HIV and medications used to treat HIV.
* Active tuberculosis (self-report).
* Cardiovascular disease (heart attack or procedure within the past three months).
* Participation in a cardiac rehabilitation program within last three months.
* Stroke or history/treatment for transient ischemic attacks in the past three months.
* Pulmonary embolus in past six months.
* Unstable angina pectoris or angina pectoris at rest.
* A history of cardiac arrest.
* Complex ventricular arrhythmia at rest or with exercise (e.g., ventricular tachycardia).
* Uncontrolled atrial fibrillation (heart rate of 100 beats per minute or more).
* New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class III or IV congestive heart failure.
* Acute myocarditis, pericarditis or hypertrophic myocardiopathy.
* Clinically significant aortic stenosis.
* Left bundle branch block or cardiac pacemaker unless evaluated and cleared for participation by a cardiologist.
* Cardiac defibrillator.
* Heart transplant.
* History of aortic aneurysm of at least 7 cm in diameter or aortic aneurysm repair.
* Resting heart rate less than 45 beats per minute or greater than 100 beats per minute.
* Any abnormality during the maximum exercise stress test that indicates that it would be unsafe to participate in the Lifestyle Intervention.
* Angina pectoris.
* Significant ST segment depression at low levels of exercise. (ST segment is the flat, isoelectric section of the ECG between the end of the S wave (the J point) and the beginning of the T wave)
* Exercise induced ventricular arrhythmias.
* Abnormal hemodynamics, such as flat or decreasing systolic blood pressure with increasing workload.
* Those at moderate to high risk for cardiac complications during exercise.
* Those who are unable to self-regulate activity or understand the recommended activity level.
* Renal disease or dialysis.
* Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that would limit ability to follow the protocol.
* Self-reported chronic hepatitis B or C or cirrhosis.
* Inflammatory bowel disease requiring treatment in past year.
* Cushing's syndrome.
* Acromegaly.
* Amputation of lower limbs as result of non-traumatic causes.
* Any major organ transplant.

Answer: B