Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Inhalation of a Free Combination of Tiotropium Once Daily 18 Mcg and Salmeterol Twice Daily 50 Mcg Versus a Fixed Combination of Fluticasone and Salmeterol Twice Daily (500/50 Mcg) on Static Lung Volumes and Exercise Tolerance in COPD Patients (a Randomised, Double-blind, Double Dummy, 16 (2 x 8) Weeks, Crossover Study).
Brief Summary: The primary objective of this study is to demonstrate that treatment with a free combination of tiotropium and salmeterol provides superior improvement in static lung volumes and exercise tolerance compared to a fixed combination of fluticasone and salmeterol in patients with COPD.

The secondary objective includes assessment of safety.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male or female adults aged ≥ 40 years, who have signed an Informed Consent Form prior to initiation of any study-related procedure.
2. Patients with moderate to severe stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD, Stage II or Stage III) according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Guidelines 2008.
3. Current or ex-smokers who have a smoking history of at least 10 pack years.
4. Patients with a post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) ≥ 30% and \< 80% of the predicted normal, and post-bronchodilator FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) \< 0.7 at Visit 2 (Day -14).
5. Patients, according to daily electronic diary data between Visit 2 (Day -14) and Visit 3 (Day 1), with a total score of 1 or more on at least 4 of the last 7 days prior to Visit 3 (Day 1).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant women or nursing mothers (pregnancy confirmed by positive urine pregnancy test).
2. Women of child-bearing potential, unless using an approved method of medical or surgical contraception.
3. Patients requiring long term oxygen therapy (\> 15 h a day) on a daily basis for chronic hypoxemia, or who have been hospitalized for an exacerbation of their airways disease in the 6 weeks prior to Visit 1 (Day -21) or between Visit 1 (Day -21) and Visit 3 (Day 1).
4. Patients who have had a respiratory tract infection within 6 weeks prior to Visit 1 (Day -21).
5. Patients who, in the judgment of the investigator or the responsible Novartis personnel, have a clinically relevant laboratory abnormality or a clinically significant condition.
6. Patients with any history of asthma indicated by (but not limited to) a blood eosinophil count \> 600/mm\^3 (at Visit 1, Day -21) and onset of symptoms prior to age 40 years.
7. Patients with a history of long QT syndrome or whose QTc measured at Visit 1 (Day -21) (Fridericia method) is prolonged (\> 450 ms for males or \> 470 ms for females.

Other protocol-defined inclusion/exclusion criteria may apply to the study.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. The patient has signed an Informed Consent Form in accordance with GCP and local legislative requirements prior to participation in the trial, i.e., prior to pre-trial washout of any restricted medications.
2. The patient has a clinical diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
3. The patient has relatively stable, moderate to severe airway obstruction.
4. The patient has a pre-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) less than or equal to 65% of predicted normal determined at Visit 1 using the following predicted equations (R94-1408):

   1. Males Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) predicted \[Litres (L)\] = 4.30 x Height \[metres\] minus 0.029 x Age \[years\] minus 2.49
   2. Females Forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) predicted \[Litres (L)\] = 3.95 x Height \[metres\] minus 0.025 x Age \[years\] minus 2.60 and a Thoracic Gas Volume (Functional residual volume) ((TGV)(FRC)) bigger than 120% predicted normal at visit 1 (or historical data not older than 6 month)
   3. Males Thoracic Gas Volume (Functional residual volume) ((TGV(FRC)) pred. \[Litres (L)\] = 2.34 x Height \[metres\] + 0.009 x Age \[years\] minus 1.09
   4. Females Thoracic Gas Volume (Functional residual volume) ((TGV(FRC)) pred. \[Litres (L)\] = 2.24 x Height \[metres\] + 0.001 x Age \[years\] minus 1.00
5. The patient is at least 40 years and less than or equal to 75 years old.
6. The patient has a cigarette smoking history of at least 10 pack-years. A pack-year is defined as the equivalent of smoking one pack of cigarettes per day for a year.
7. The patient is able to perform all specified procedures and able to maintain all necessary records during the study period as required in the protocol.
8. The patient is able to inhale the trial medication from the HandiHaler device.
9. The patient is able to inhale the trial medication from the Diskus/Accuhaler device.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. a significant disease other than chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). (review contraindications for exercise testing),
2. a recent history of myocardial infarction within one year.
3. a recent history of heart failure, pulmonary oedema, or patients with cardiac arrhythmia or any contraindication to exercise described in the CTProtocol within the last 3.
4. daytime supplemental oxygen.
5. a diagnosis of known active tuberculosis.
6. a history of cancer within the last 5 years.
7. a history of life-threatening pulmonary obstruction, or a history of cystic fibrosis or bronchiectasis.
8. thoracotomy with pulmonary resection.
9. an upper respiratory tract infection or an exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
10. a known hypersensitivity to anticholinergic drug, ß-adrenergic or corticosteroids, lactose or any other component of the inhalation capsule delivery system.
11. a known symptomatic prostatic hypertrophy or bladder neck obstruction.
12. a known moderate or severe renal insufficiency.
13. a known narrow-angle glaucoma.
14. a known untreated hypokalemia.
15. a known untreated thyrotoxicosis.
16. a history of asthma, allergic rhinitis or atopy, or a total blood eosinophil count larger than 600/mm3.
17. treatment with cromolyn sodium or nedocromil sodium
18. treatment with antihistamines or antileukotrienes.
19. treatment with tiotropium for 1 month before Visit 1.
20. treatment with oral corticosteroid medication.
21. Pregnant or nursing women or women of childbearing potential not using a medically approved means of contraception
22. a history of or active alcohol or drug abuse.
23. an investigational drug within 1 month or 10 half lives
24. a limitation of exercise performance as a result of factors other than fatigue or exertional dyspnoea.
25. participation in a rehabilitation program for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
26. treatment with monoamine oxidase inhibitors inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants.
27. participation in another study.
28. more than eight puffs of salbutamol/day during the run-in period
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Moderate to severe COPD based on prebronchodilator FEV1/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio of \<=70%.
* At Screening \& Baseline, postbronchodilator FEV1 must be \>= 60% predicted normal \& \>=25% predicted normal.
* COPD symptoms for \>=24 months.
* \>=2 COPD exacerbations requiring course of oral corticosteroid \&/or antibiotics within 2-12 months before screening.
* Ex- or current smoker with smoking history \>=10 pack years.
* Only albuterol/salbutamol for relief for at least 2 weeks prior to randomization.
* Withdraw from parenteral \& oral steroids, anticholinergics, \& antibiotics 4 weeks prior to Screening.
* No harm in changing current COPD therapy, willing to discontinue his/her anticholinergics, inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) or ICS/long-acting beta agonists (LABA) at Screening, \& transferred to albuterol/salbutamol for relief for 2 weeks prior to Randomization.
* Lab tests conducted at Screening must be acceptable to investigator. Electrocardiogram (ECG) performed at Screening or within 30 days prior to Screening must be acceptable to investigator. Chest X-ray or computerized tomography (CT) scan is acceptable within 12 months prior to Screening must be acceptable to investigator.
* Female of childbearing potential must use birth control. Includes: hormonal contraceptives, intra-uterine device (IUD), condom in combination with spermicide, monogamous relationship with male partner who had vasectomy. Started birth control at least 3 months prior to Screening (exception condom), \& must agree to continue. Female who is not currently sexually active must agree/consent to using a method should she become sexually active. Women who have been surgically sterilized or are at least 1 year postmenopausal are not considered to be of childbearing potential. Female must have negative serum pregnancy test at Screening.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Evidence (upon visual inspection) of oropharyngeal candidiasis at Baseline with or without treatment. If there is evidence at Screening, may be treated as appropriate \& visit can be scheduled upon resolution. If there is evidence at Baseline, may be treated as appropriate \& visit can be rescheduled upon resolution.
* History of renal, hepatic, cardiovascular, metabolic, neurologic, hematologic, ophthalmological, respiratory, gastrointestinal, cerebrovascular, or other which could interfere with study or require treatment which might interfere with study. Examples include (but are not limited to) hypertension treated with beta-blockers), active hepatitis, coronary artery disease, arrhythmia, significant QTc prolongation (ie QTcF or QTcB \[Fridericia or Bazett corrections, respectively \>500 milliseconds (msecs)\]) stroke, severe rheumatoid arthritis, chronic open-angle glaucoma or posterior subcapsular cataracts, acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), or conditions that may interfere with respiratory function such as asthma, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosis. Others which are well-controlled \& stable (eg hypertension not requiring beta-blockers) will not prohibit participation if appropriate to investigator.
* Allergy/sensitivity to glucocorticosteroids, beta-2 agonists, study drug/excipients.
* Female who is breast-feeding, pregnant, or intends to become pregnant.
* Illicit drug user.
* Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive (testing not conducted).
* Unable to correctly use oral MDI.
* Taking any restricted medications prior to Screening without meeting washout.
* Cannot adhere to permitted concomitant \& prohibited medications.
* May not participate in this same study at another investigational site. Cannot participate in different investigational study at any site, during same time.
* Not be randomized into study more than once.
* No person directly associated with administration of study may participate.
* Previously participated in MF/F trial.
* Increase in absolute volume of \>=400 milliliters (mL) at Screening or prior to Baseline within 30 minutes after administration of 4 inhalations of albuterol/salbutamol (total dose of 360 to 400 mcg), or nebulized 2.5 mg albuterol/salbutamol.
* Asthma.
* Lobectomy, pneumonectomy or lung volume reduction surgery.
* Lung cancer.
* Requires long-term administration of oxygen (\>15 hours/day).
* Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency.
* A history and/or presence of intraocular pressure in either eye \>=22 millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), glaucoma, and/or posterior subcapsular cataracts. A subject who has undergone incisional or intraocular surgery in which the natural lens is still present in the eye. A subject with a history of penetrating trauma to both eyes. A subject with one or more of the following Lens Opacities Classification System (LOCS) III grades at screening:

  * nuclear opalescence (NO): \>=3.0,
  * nuclear color (NC): \>=3.0,
  * cortical cataract (C): \>=2.0,
  * posterior subcapsular (P): \>=0.5.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* outpatient
* signed and dated written informed consent
* 40 years of age or older
* male and female subjects
* COPD diagnosis
* at least 10 pack-year smoking history
* post-albuterol/salbutamol FEV1/FVC ratio of \<0.70 and post-albuterol/salbutamol FEV1 of less than or equal to 70% predicted normal values
* score of greater than or equal to 2 on the Modified Medical Resarch Council Dyspnea Scale (mMRC)

Exclusion Criteria:

* women who are pregnant or lactating or are planning on becoming pregnant during the study
* current diagnosis of asthma
* other respiratory disorders other than COPD
* other diseases/abnormalities that are uncontrolled including cancer not in remission for at least 5 years
* chest x-ray or CT scan with clinically significant abnormalities not believed to be due to COPD
* hypersensitivity to anticholinergics, beta-agonists, lactose/milk protein or magnesium stearate or medical conditions associated with inhaled anticholinergics
* hospitalization for COPD or pneumonia within 12 weeks prior to Visit 1
* lung volume reduction surgery within 12 months prior to Visit 1
* abnormal and clinically significant ECG at Visit 1
* significantly abnormal finding from laboratory tests at Visit 1
* unable to withhold albuterol/salbutamol at least 4 hours prior to spirometry at each visit
* use of depot corticosteroids within 12 weeks of Visit 1
* use of oral or parenteral corticosteroids, antibiotics for lower respiratory tract infection, or cytochrome P450 3A4 inhibitors, within 6 weeks of Visit 1
* use of long-acting beta-agonist (LABA)/inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) product if LABA/ICS therapy is discontinued withing 30 days of Visit 1
* use of ICS at a dose of \>1000mcg/day of fluticasone propionate or equivalent within 30 days of Visit 1
* initiation or discontinuation of ICS within 30 days of Visit 1
* use of tiotropium or roflumilast within 14 days of Visit 1
* use of theophyllines, oral leukotriene inhibitors, long-acting oral beta-agonists, or inhaled long-acting beta-agonists within 48 hours of Visit 1
* short-acting oral beta-agonists within 12 hours of Visit 1
* use of LABA/ICS combination products only if discontinuing LABA therapy and switching to ICS monotherapy within 48 hours of Visit 1 for the LABA component
* use of sodium cromoglycate or nedocromil sodium within 24 hours of Visit 1
* use of inhaled short-acting beta-agonists, inhaled short-acting anticholinergics, or inhaled short-acting anticholinergic/short-acting beta-agonist combination products within 4 hours of Visit 1
* use of any other investigational medication within 30 days or 5 drug half-lives (whichever is longer)
* long-term oxygen therapy prescribed for \>12 hours per day
* regular use of nebulized short-acting bronchodilators
* participation in acute phase of pulmonary rehabilitation program
* known or suspected history of alcohol or drug abse within 2 years prior to Visit 1
* anyone affiliated with the investigator site (e.g., investigator, sub-investigator, study coordinator, employee of a participating investigator or study site, or immediate family member)
* previous exposure to GSK573719, GSK573719/GW642444 combination, GW642444 (vilanterol), or fluticasone furoate/GW642444 combination

Answer: B