Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Impact of Preoperative Treatment of Anemia and Iron Deficiency in Cardiac Surgery on Outcome.
Brief Summary: We are performing the above prospective randomized trial in 1'000 patients undergoing cardiac surgery. The study will answer the question of whether preoperative treatment of anemia or iron deficiency indeed improves transfusion needs (primary outcome) and important clinical outcomes (secondary outcome) in a large group of cardiac surgical patients. The list of inclusion and exclusion criteria was deliberately chosen short so that this patient group largely reflects today's clinical practice .

* Trial with medical product


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years of age or older;
* Outpatients followed at a HF Clinic in a tertiary care Hospital with clinical diagnosis of HF for at least 3 months before study entry;
* NYHA functional class II to IV, who are able to perform ergospirometry;
* Documentation of LVEF \< 40% within the last 6 months;
* Adequate baseline therapy for HF based on patient's functional class (β-blockers, ACE inhibitors irrespective of functional class except if contra-indications, digoxin, spironolactone if NYHA class III or IV);
* Stable baseline HF therapy with same doses of medications and no intent to increase doses for the following 3 months;
* Hemoglobin ≤ 12 g/dl and \> 9 g/dl;
* Transferrin saturation \< 20% and ferritin \< 500 µg/L;
* Ability to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any clinically overt bleeding: gastrointestinal bleeding, hypermenorrhea, history of peptic ulcer without evidence of healing or inflammatory intestinal diseases;
* Uncorrected hypothyroidism;
* Other inflammatory, neoplastic or infectious disease;
* Serum creatinine \> 1,5 mg/dl;
* Previous intolerance to oral elemental iron compounds;
* HF due to alcoholic cardiomyopathy, current regular drinker of alcoholic beverages or HF due to peripartum cardiomyopathy;
* Recent admission for decompensated HF (last month)
* Recent myocardial revascularization procedures (last 3 months);
* Recent ACS, stroke or TIA (last 3 months);
* Active or metastatic neoplastic disease with life expectancy of less than a year;
* Patients in heart transplantation list;
* Patients that had participated in any other clinical trial or study within the last month;
* Pregnant or lactating women;
* Pre-menopausal women that are not using any effective method of contraception;
* Patients using prohibited medications or that have not yet accomplished the wash-out period;
* Patients currently participating in cardiovascular rehabilitation programs.
B: Inclusion criteria:

* Patients undergoing valve- and/or coronary bypass surgery
* Signed patient informed consent
* Only patients will be enrolled who won't have an emergency surgery on the same day

Exclusion criteria:

* Participation in another clinical trial within the last 4 weeks prior to enrollment
* Addiction or other disease that did not allow the patient to assess the nature, scope and possible consequences of the clinical tial
* Patients who do not sign the consent form or may not fully understand from inadequate knowledge of German.
* Patients who have not reached the age of legal majority
* Pregnant or lactating women
* Jehovah's Witnesses
* Patients with endocarditis
* Existing allergy or intolerance to ferric carboxymaltose or mannitol
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 to 100
* To be receiving intravenous iron

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age \< 18
* Hemodialysis
* Previous exposure to intravenous iron
* Unable to provide written consent
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Female, 18 to 45 years old,
* Serum Ferritin levels \<20 µg/L,
* Normal body Mass Index (18.5-25 kg/m2),
* Body weight \<65 kg,
* Signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Anaemia (Hb \< 11.7 g/dL),
* Elevated c-reactive protein or alpha1 glycoprotein concentrations \>5.0 mg/L, \>1.0 g/L, respectively,
* Any metabolic, gastrointestinal kidney or chronic disease such as diabetes, renal failure, hepatic dysfunction, hepatitis, hypertension, cancer or cardiovascular diseases (according to the participants own statement),
* Continuous/long-term use of medication during the whole studies (except for contraceptives),
* Consumption of mineral and vitamin supplements within 2 weeks prior to 1st supplement administration,
* Blood transfusion, blood donation or significant blood loss (accident, surgery) over the past 4 months,
* Earlier participation in a study using stable iron isotopes,
* Known hypersensitivity or allergy to iron supplements,
* Women who are pregnant or breast feeding,
* Intention to become pregnant during the course of the studies,
* Lack of safe contraception, defined as: Female participants of childbearing potential, not using and not willing to continue using a medically reliable method of contraception for the entire study duration, such as oral, injectable, or implantable contraceptives, or intrauterine contraceptive devices, or who are not using any other method considered sufficiently reliable by the investigator in individual cases.
* Known or suspected non-compliance, drug or alcohol abuse,
* Inability to follow the procedures of the studies, e.g. due to language problems, psychological disorders, dementia, etc. of the participant,
* Participation in another study with investigational drug within the 30 days preceding and during the present studies,
* Enrolment of the investigator, his/her family members, employees and other dependent persons

Answer: B