Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Comparison Trial Evaluating Efficacy and Safety of Single i.v. Bolus Tenecteplase Plus Standard Anticoagulation as Compared With Standard Anticoagulation in Normotensive Patients
Brief Summary: Heparin is the reference therapy for most patients with pulmonary embolism. Some patients with sub-massive pulmonary embolism defined by normal blood pressure and dysfunction of the right ventricle have a higher mortality risk. It has been suggested that thrombolytic treatment, a drug that dissolves blood clots more rapidly, may reduce the mortality in those patients. The studies reported to date were unable to confirm or refute this hypothesis because the number of patients included in those studies is too low. The aim of the study is to compare thrombolytic treatment with heparin (which is the reference therapy for pulmonary embolism) in a large group of patients with sub-massive pulmonary embolism.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Symptomatic proximal DVT involving the iliac, common femoral, and/or femoral vein.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age less than 16 years or greater than 75 years.
* Symptom duration \> 14 days for the DVT episode in the index leg (i.e., non-acute DVT).
* In the index leg: established PTS, or previous symptomatic DVT within the last 2 years.
* In the contralateral (non-index) leg: symptomatic acute DVT a) involving the iliac and/or common femoral vein; or b) for which thrombolysis is planned as part of the initial therapy.
* Limb-threatening circulatory compromise.
* Pulmonary embolism with hemodynamic compromise (i.e., hypotension).
* Inability to tolerate PCDT procedure due to severe dyspnea or acute systemic illness.
* Allergy, hypersensitivity, or thrombocytopenia from heparin, rt-PA, or iodinated contrast, except for mild-moderate contrast allergies for which steroid pre-medication can be used.
* Hemoglobin \< 9.0 mg/dl, INR \> 1.6 before warfarin was started, or platelets \< 100,000/ml.
* Moderate renal impairment in diabetic patients (estimated glomerular filtration rate \[GFR\] \< 60 ml/min) or severe renal impairment in non-diabetic patients (estimated GFR \< 30 ml/min).
* Active bleeding, recent (\< 3 mo) GI bleeding, severe liver dysfunction, bleeding diathesis.
* Recent (\< 3 mo) internal eye surgery or hemorrhagic retinopathy; recent (\< 10 days) major surgery, cataract surgery, trauma, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, obstetrical delivery, or other invasive procedure.
* History of stroke or intracranial/intraspinal bleed, tumor, vascular malformation, aneurysm.
* Active cancer (metastatic, progressive, or treated within the last 6 months). Exception: patients with non-melanoma primary skin cancers are eligible to participate in the study.
* Severe hypertension on repeated readings (systolic \> 180 mmHg or diastolic \> 105 mmHg).
* Pregnant (positive pregnancy test, women of childbearing potential must be tested).
* Recently (\< 1 mo) had thrombolysis or is participating in another investigational drug study.
* Use of a thienopyridine antiplatelet drug (except clopidogrel) in the last 5 days.
* Life expectancy \< 2 years or chronic non-ambulatory status.
* Inability to provide informed consent or to comply with study assessments (e.g. due to cognitive impairment or geographic distance).
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 years or older
* Acute PE (first symptoms occurring 15 days or less before randomisation) confirmed by lung scan, or a positive spiral computed tomogram, or a positive pulmonary angiogram
* Right ventricular dysfunction confirmed by echocardiography or spiral computed tomography of the chest and a positive troponin I or T test

Exclusion criteria:

* Haemodynamic collapse at presentation as defined above
* Known significant bleeding risk
* Administration of thrombolytic agents within the previous 4 days
* Vena cava filter insertion or pulmonary thrombectomy within the previous 4 days
* Uncontrolled hypertension defined as systolic BP \>180 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP \>110 mm Hg at randomisation
* Treatment with an investigational drug under another study protocol in the previous 7 days or greater, according to local requirements
* Previous enrolment in this study
* Known hypersensitivity to tenecteplase, alteplase, unfractionated heparin, or to any of the excipients
* Pregnancy, lactation or parturition within the previous 30 days. Women of childbearing age must have a negative pregnancy test or use a medically accepted method of birth control
* Known coagulation disorder (including vitamin K antagonists)
* Any other condition that the investigator feels would place the patient at increased risk if the investigational therapy is initiated
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* age between 18 and 85;
* symptomatic PE confirmed by: high probability lung scan, or intermediate probability lung scan and objectively confirmed deep vein thrombosis, or spiral CT-scan or pulmonary angiography or TE echocardiography;
* normal blood pressure (SBP \>100mmHg);
* RVD at echocardiography (see criteria);
* written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* absence of RVD at echocardiography;
* shock or hypotension (SBP \< 100 mmHg);
* therapeutic heparin (UFH or LMWH) treatment for more than 48 hours prior to randomization;
* administration of thrombolytic agents within the previous 4 days;
* vena cava filter insertion or pulmonary thrombectomy within the previous 4 days
* chronic pulmonary hypertension or severe COPD;
* hypertension defined as blood pressure \>180/110 mm Hg (systolic BP \>180 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP \>110 mm Hg) on a single, reliable measurement during current admission at enrolling site prior to randomisation;
* use of GP IIb/IIIa antagonists within the preceding 7 days;
* significant bleeding disorders either at present or within the past 6 months;
* active peptic ulceration;
* known diabetic haemorrhagic retinopathy or other haemorrhagic ophthalmic conditions;
* known haemorrhagic diathesis;
* known arterial aneurysm and known arterial/venous malformation;
* known neoplasm with increased bleeding risk;
* prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation (\>10 minutes) in the previous two weeks;
* current oral anticoagulation;
* major surgery, biopsy of a parenchymal organ, or significant trauma within the past 2 months;
* any known history of stroke or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) or dementia;
* any recent head trauma and any other trauma occurring after onset of the current pulmonary embolism;
* any known history of central nervous system damage (i.e. neoplasm, aneurysm, intracranial or spinal surgery);
* known subacute bacterial endocarditis;
* known acute pancreatitis;
* known severe hepatic dysfunction, including hepatic failure, cirrhosis, portal hypertension
* (oesophageal varices) and active hepatitis;
* pregnancy or lactation or parturition within the previous 30 days;
* women of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test, or use a medically accepted method of birth control;
* treatment with an investigational drug under another study protocol in the past 7 days;
* previous enrolment in this study;
* known hypersensitivity to Tenecteplase, Alteplase, unfractionated heparin, or to any of the excipients;
* anticipated or obvious problem with vascular access;
* any other condition that the investigator feels would place the patient at increased risk if the investigational therapy is initiated;
* inability to follow protocol requirements
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with acute PE symptoms \< 14 days.
* Filling defect by contrast-enhanced chest CT in at least one main or proximal lower lobe pulmonary artery
* Right ventricular dysfunction confirmed by echocardiography where the RV/LV end diastolic diameter ratio is ≥ 1.0.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age less than 18 years or greater than 80 years
* Index PE symptom duration \> 14 days
* Insufficient echocardiographic image quality in the apical or subcostal four-chamber view that prohibits the measurement of the right and left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions
* Known significant bleeding risk
* Administration of thrombolytic agents, e.g., tissue plasminogen activator, streptokinase, or urokinase, within the previous 4 days
* Active bleeding
* Known bleeding diathesis
* Known coagulation disorder, platelet count \< 100 000/mm3, or previous use of vitamin K antagonists with INR \> 2.5
* History of any intracranial or intraspinal surgery or trauma or intracranial/intraspinal bleed
* Intracranial neoplasm, arteriovenous malformation, or aneurysm
* Recent (\< 3 months) GI bleeding.
* Recent (\< 3 months) internal eye surgery or hemorrhagic retinopathy; recent (\< 10 days) major surgery, cataract surgery, trauma, CPR, obstetrical delivery, or other invasive procedure.
* Allergy, hypersensitivity, or thrombocytopenia from heparin, rt-PA, or iodinated contrast, except for mild-moderate contrast allergies for which steroid pre-medication can be used.
* Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) \< 50 ml/min as calculated by the Cockroft formula.
* Hemodynamic collapse at presentation defined as: need for cardiopulmonary resuscitation; or systolic blood pressure \< 90 mm Hg for at least 15 min, or drop of systolic blood pressure by at least 40 mm Hg for at least 15 min with signs of end organ hypoperfusion (cold extremities or low urinary output \< 30 mL/h or mental confusion); or need for catecholamine administration to maintain adequate organ perfusion and a systolic blood pressure of \> 90 mm Hg.
* Severe hypertension on repeated readings (systolic \> 180 mmHg or diastolic \> 105 mmHg).
* Pregnant, lactation or parturition within the previous 30 days (positive pregnancy test, women of childbearing age must be tested).
* Participating in any other investigational drug or device study.
* Life expectancy \< 90 days.
* Inability to comply with study assessments (e.g. due to geographic distance).
* Previous enrollment in this study
* Any other condition that the investigator feels would place the patient at increased risk if the investigational therapy is initiated.
* Known right-to-left shunt, for example from large patent foramen ovale or atrial septal defect
* Large (\>10 mm) right atrial or right ventricular thrombus

Answer: B