Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of Automated Adjustment of Inspired Oxygen on Fluctuations of Regional Cerebral and Arterial Oxygenation in Preterm Infants With Frequent Desaturations
Brief Summary: In this study the investigators test the hypothesis that automated FiO2 adjustment increases the time of brain tissue oxygenation within the intended reference range. Furthermore, the investigators studied the change in workload during automated FiO2 adjustment as compared to manual adjustment by the nursing staff.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Preterm infants with a gestational age (GA) at birth of 24 - 29+6/7 weeks
* Receiving invasive mechanical ventilation or non-invasive respiratory support (NCPAP or NIPPV)
* Receiving supplemental oxygen (defined as FiO2 ≥ 0.25) at the time of enrollment and for at least 18 hours during the previous 24 hours; Or a coefficient of variation in supplemental oxygen of ≥ 0.1 in the previous 24 hours.
* Expected to complete the 49-hour or 50-hour study period in the current form of respiratory support, i.e. invasive mechanical ventilation or non-invasive respiratory support
* Written informed parental consent must be present.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Major congenital anomalies
* Arterial hypotension requiring vasopressor therapy within 48 hours prior to enrollment.
* If the attending physician considers the infant not stable enough for a switch to another ventilator.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

Preterm infants less than 33 weeks (23+0 to 32+6 weeks)

• Receiving invasive or non-invasive mode of respiratory support

Exclusion Criteria:

* Infants more than or equal to 33 weeks
* Preterm infants with congenital anomalies
* Infants on a non-conventional mode of invasive or non-invasive ventilation
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Gestational age (GA) 24 - 27 6/7 weeks at birth, by best obstetrical
* Receive positive pressure ventilation during delivery room resuscitation

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known major anomalies including that may affect measured cardiorespiratory parameters: congenital diaphragmatic hernia, trachea-oesophageal fistula, cyanotic heart disease, pulmonary hypoplasia
* RFM not available during resuscitation
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* postmenstrual age \<30 wks GA at study time
* on nasal/nasopharyngeal CPAP or mechanical ventilation (including nasopharyngeal IMV)
* at least 4 desaturations (SpO2 \<80%) during an 8 hour period within the 24h before the study using a standard pulse oximeter incorporated in the NICU (Dash 3000, General Electric, Freiburg; 10s averaging time, delay 10s)

Exclusion Criteria:

* postnatal age \<96h (to exclude rapidly changing conditions during the early phase of RDS and to avoid handling of the infant during the critical period for IVH)
* congenital cyanotic heart disease
* no decision for full treatment support
* Average FiO2 during the last 24h bevor the active study phase \>0.60
* Congenital malformations of the lung or the diaphragm (i.e. diaphragmatic hernia, congentital cystic lung diseases...)
* Clinically clear evidence for seizures
* Ongoing Sepsis (CRP \> 10mg/l, or positive blood culture, requirement of catecholamines)
* Need of blood-transfusion during study

Answer: D