Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Double-Blind, Controlled, Randomized Clinical Trial of Nebulized Hypertonic Saline for Hospitalized Infants With Viral Bronchiolitis
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine if nebulized hypertonic saline (or extra salty water mist) helps infants less than 12 months old hospitalized with bronchiolitis (or bad chest colds) get better enough to be discharged from the hospital sooner than those infants given nebulized normal saline (or regular salty water mist).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients 0-12 months of age admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis.

Exclusion Criteria:

* status asthmaticus
* chronic cardiopulmonary disease
* Trisomy 21
* immunodeficiency or transplant recipient
* neuromuscular disease
* admission directly to the intensive care unit
* previous use of nebulized hypertonic saline less than 12 hours prior to presentation
* previous enrollment in the study in the 72 hours prior to presentation
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 8 weeks through 23 months
* First episode of wheezing associated with respiratory distress and upper respiratory tract infection.
* Respiratory Distress Assessment Instrument (RDAI) rating of ≥4 and ≤15 after initial albuterol nebulization per standard care
* Pediatric Emergency Medicine (PEM) physician does not plan additional bronchodilator therapy within the hour after initial assessment.
* Parental/guardian permission (informed consent)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects with prior history of wheezing or asthma or who have received bronchodilator therapy prior to the current illness
* Chronic lung or heart disease
* Critically ill infants requiring immediate airway stabilization
* Non-English speaking parent/guardian
* Inability to take nebulized medications
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Infants aged ≤ 18 months presenting to the unit for the treatment of moderate-severe viral bronchiolitis were eligible for the study.
* Moderate-severe bronchiolitis required having a prodromal history consistent with viral upper respiratory tract infection followed by wheezing and/or crackles on auscultation and a Wang bronchiolitis severity score of ≥ 4 on presentation.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients were excluded from the study if they had one or more of the following characteristics:

* Born preterm ≤ 34 weeks gestation,
* Previous history of wheezing,
* Steroid use within 48 hours of presentation,
* Obtundation and progressive respiratory failure requiring ICU admission,
* History of apnea with in 24 hours before presentation,
* Oxygen saturation ≤ 85% on room air at the time of recruitment,
* History of a diagnosis of chronic lung disease,
* Congenital heart disease, or
* Immunodeficiency.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Previously healthy infants under 1 year of age
* Admitted to hospital with a clinical diagnosis of acute bronchiolitis, following the UK definition of an infant with an apparent viral respiratory tract infection associated with airways obstruction manifest by hyperinflation, tachypnoea and subcostal recession with widespread crepitations on auscultation
* Requiring supplemental oxygen therapy on admission

Exclusion Criteria:

* Wheezy bronchitis or asthma - children with an apparent viral respiratory infection and wheeze with no or occasional crepitations
* Previous lower respiratory tract infections
* Risk factors for severe disease \[gestation \<32 weeks, immunodeficiency, neurological and cardiac conditions, chronic lung disease\]
* Subjects where the carer's English is not fluent and translational services are not available
* Requiring admission to high dependency or intensive care units at the time of recruitment

Answer: A