Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Visual Cue Training to Improve Walking and Turning After Stroke: a Pilot Study
Brief Summary: Given that visual information comprises one of the most important and salient sources of information used during walking, that visual cues have been shown to be more effective than auditory cues in triggering gait adjustments and that stroke survivors have been reported to become more dependent on visual cues, the investigators hypothesize that visual cues would be more effective in triggering gait recovery and adaptability following stroke than interventions not including visual cues.

The investigators will integrate visual cues with walking and turning practice, and contrast this intervention to routine overground walking practice. Stroke participants recruited from NHS stroke rehabilitation clinics in the West Midlands, will be randomized to one of three gait rehabilitation groups. Each group will receive the same frequency and duration of treatment delivered by qualified physiotherapists. Overground visual cue training (OVCT) and usual care (UC) groups will be treated in participating NHS sites. Treadmill training with visual cues (TVCT) will take place at the University of Birmingham.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Usual care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: HEP-OKS; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: hemifield eye patching (HEP) + optokinetic stimulation (OKS) | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: hemifield eye patching (HEP) + optokinetic stimulation (OKS); Assigned to Arm(s): HEP-OKS
B: Arm Label: Real prism glasses first, then sham; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: High power (57 prism diopter) peripheral prism glasses, Device: Low power sham peripheral prism glasses | Arm Label: Sham prism glasses first, then real; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: High power (57 prism diopter) peripheral prism glasses, Device: Low power sham peripheral prism glasses | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: High power (57 prism diopter) peripheral prism glasses; Assigned to Arm(s): Real prism glasses first, then sham, Sham prism glasses first, then real | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Low power sham peripheral prism glasses; Assigned to Arm(s): Real prism glasses first, then sham, Sham prism glasses first, then real
C: Arm Label: Usual Care; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Usual care | Arm Label: Overground visual cue training; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Overground visual cue training | Arm Label: Treadmill visual cue training; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Treadmill visual cue training | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Usual care; Assigned to Arm(s): Usual Care | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Overground visual cue training; Assigned to Arm(s): Overground visual cue training | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Treadmill visual cue training; Assigned to Arm(s): Treadmill visual cue training
D: Arm Label: Standard/ Usual Care; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: Standard/ Usual Care | Arm Label: iPad Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: iPad Intervention | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: iPad Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): iPad Intervention | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Standard/ Usual Care; Assigned to Arm(s): Standard/ Usual Care

Answer: C