Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Granulocyte Colony Stimulating Factor in Decompensated Cirrhosis: an Open Label Study
Brief Summary: Globally, cirrhosis is the fifth commonest cause of mortality. Its natural history is typified by an initial, largely asymptomatic, "compensated" phase followed by "decompensation" due to complications of raised portal pressures and hepatocellular dysfunction.

Currently the only definitive treatment option for cirrhosis is liver transplantation which is limited in its applicability due to donor shortage, exorbitant costs and lack of widespread availability. The need for long term immunosuppression and its attendant complications are a further drawback. The ability of stem cells to differentiate into multiple cellular lineages makes one speculate that they can be used for tissue repair and regeneration when tissue-resident stem cells become overwhelmed. Bone marrow derived stem cells have amazing plasticity. They can "home" to the liver in response to injury and help in liver regeneration by trans-differentiation, cell fusion and augmentation of tissue- resident stem cell mediated repair. Two methods are available for the mobilisation of stem cells from the bone marrow to the liver. One involves the administration of cytokines like granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and the other is the isolation of stem cells from the marrow followed by their injection into the hepatic artery or portal vein after purification. The latter is probably more cumbersome and may be potentially risky due to the underlying coagulation abnormalities in cirrhotic patients .

G-CSF has been shown to mobilise bone marrow stem cells and even increase survival in patients of severe alcoholic steatohepatitis and ACLF. There is conflicting evidence on the role of G-CSF in decompensated cirrhosis with some studies showing improved survival while others have shown a lack of clinical or biochemical benefit. Many of these studies have used a single course of G-CSF. Verma et al, in a recent study published in 2018, elegantly demonstrated the beneficial effect of multiple courses of G-CSF in improving mortality and transplant free survival in decompensated cirrhotics.

The investigators too speculate that multiple cycles of G-CSF could result in better outcomes in decompensated cirrhosis by causing more prolonged and sustained stem cell homing to the liver. Thus, this study is being undertaken to further evaluate the safety and efficacy of multiple cycles of G-CSF in decompensated cirrhotics.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Alcoholic hepatitis patients:

1. More than 10 years of heavy alcohol consumption (mean intake ≈ 100 g/day).
2. Elevated aspartate aminotransferase level (but \<500 IU per millilitre) and Ratio ofAST/ALT≥2 times
3. Elevated serum total bilirubin level ≥ 5 mgdL (86 μmol/L)
4. Elevated INR(≥1.5) and
5. Neutrophilia. Patient with Maddrey's DF of≥ 32 will be included in the study, with or without biopsy.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Age \< 18 and \> 75 years
2. Hepatocellular carcinoma or portal vein thrombosis
3. Refusal to participate in the study
4. Serum creatinine \>1.0 mg%
5. Hepatic encephalopathy- grade 3 or 4
6. Upper gastrointestinal bleed in last ten days
7. Uncontrolled bacterial infection
8. Human immunodeficiency virus, Hepatitis B virus, Hepatitis C virus seropositivity, Autoimmune hepatitis, hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency
9. Pregnancy
10. Glucocorticoid treatment
11. Significant co-morbidity
12. Previous known hypersensitivity to G-CSF/NAC
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) according to the consensus criteria recently defined by the CANONIC study group \[Moreau 2013\]. Patients with acute decompensation of cirrhosis \[defined as acute development of one or more of the following: ascites (onset and/or worsening), hepatic encephalopathy (onset and/or worsening), gastrointestinal haemorrhage, bacterial infection\] are classified as ACLF if one of the following applies:

   * single kidney failure (serum creatinine level ≥ 2 mg/dl) or
   * single failure of one of the following organ systems: liver, coagulation, circulation, or respiration, together with a serum creatinine level ranging from 1.5 to \< 2.0 mg/dl and/or mild to moderate hepatic encephalopathy or
   * single cerebral failure together with serum creatinine level ranging from 1.5 to \< 2.0 mg/dl or
   * two or more organ failures. Organ failures are defined according to the CLIF-C OFs \[Jalan 2014\].
2. Age ≥ 18 years, male or female
3. Written informed consent from patient, legal or authorized representative or a confirmation of justification of trial participation by an independent medical consultant PLEASE NOTE: In case of confirmation by the independent medical consultant a deferred informed consent from patient, legal or authorized representative has to be given

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior not curatively treated or active malignancies
2. Sickle cell disease
3. septic shock, defined by the following symptom complex: bacteraemia AND SIRS AND shock
4. WBC-count of \> 50 x 109/L
5. Known HIV infection
6. Known intolerance to filgrastim
7. Suspected lack of compliance
8. Pregnant or nursing women
9. Fertile women (within two years of their last menstruation) without appropriate contraceptive measures (implanon, injections, oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, partner with vasectomy) while participating in the trial (participants using a hormone-based method have to be informed of possible effects from the trial medication on contraception).
10. Participation in other interventional trials
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Decompensated Cirrhosis of liver irrespective of etiology

Exclusion Criteria:

* Acute on chronic liver failure (fulfilling either APASL or CANONIC criteria of ACLF)
* Splenic diameter of more than 18 cm
* Concomitant HCC or other active malignancy
* Upper gastrointestinal bleeding in the previous 7 days
* Portal vein thrombosis
* Severe renal dysfunction as defined by creatnine \> 1.5mg/dl
* Severe cardiac dysfunction
* Uncontrolled diabetes (Hb A 1c ≥ 9) or diabetic retinopathy
* Acute infection or disseminate intravascular coagulation
* Active alcohol abuse in last 3 months
* Known hypersensitivity to G-CSF
* HIV co-infection
* Pregnancy
* Refusal to give informed consent
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* All patients who were known to have cirrhosis of liver with portal hypertension, now decompensated with ascites/ jaundice/ bleed/ HE/ HRS

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age \<12 or \> 75 years

  * Autoimmune disorders
  * HCC
  * Sepsis ( Any culture positive: blood, urine, any other obvious source of infection: UTI, SBP)
  * Multi organ failure
  * Grade 4 HE
  * HIV seropositivity / pregnancy
  * Essential Hypertension
  * Patients being taken up for transplant
  * Refusal to participate in the study

Answer: C