Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Banning Menthol Flavorant on Cigarette and E-Cigarette Use
Brief Summary: In this pilot study, menthol cigarette smokers will be randomized to one of three experimental marketplaces: 1) a condition simulating a ban on menthol cigarettes but not menthol e-cigarettes (condition A); 2) a condition simulating a ban on both menthol cigarettes and menthol e-cigarettes (Condition B); and 3) a condition in which menthol is not banned for either product (Condition C - the control condition). All conditions would have medicinal nicotine available if subjects decide to quit tobacco products entirely. At visits occurring every two weeks over a 6 week period, subjects will receive "credits" that they could exchange for any product available in their randomized marketplace condition. Outcomes include the amount of each tobacco product used.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Be between the ages of 18 and 64
* Purchase exclusively menthol cigarettes
* Not currently motivated to quit smoking
* Smoking a minimum number of cigarettes per day

Exclusion Criteria:

* Report a serious, unstable medical or psychiatric condition
* Use any medications that might interfere with measures to be studied (for example, medications known to affect smoking)
* Have used any smoking cessation therapy during the past month
* Regularly use any form of tobacco other than cigarettes
* Are pregnant or breast feeding or planning to become pregnant or breast feed during the study
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Informed Consent as documented by signature
* Persons aged 18 or older
* Currently smoking 5 or more cigarettes a day for at least 12 months
* Willing to try to quit smoking within the next 3 months,
* Persons providing a valid phone number, a valid email address and/or a valid postal address.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known hypersensitivity or allergy to contents of the e-liquid
* Participation in another study with investigational drug within the 30 days preceding the baseline visit and during the present study where interactions are to be expected
* Women who are pregnant or breast feeding
* Intention to become pregnant during the course of the scheduled study intervention, i.e. within the first 6-months of the study
* Persons having used ENDS regularly in the 3 months preceding the baseline visit
* Persons having used nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) or other medications with demonstrated efficacy as an aid for smoking cessation such as varenicline or bupropion within the 3 months preceding the baseline visit
* Persons who cannot attend the 6- month follow-up visit for any reason
* Cannot understand instructions delivered in person or by phone, or otherwise unable to participate in study procedures
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Schizophrenic subjects (according to DSM-IV-TR criteria) from throughout Sicily, (Italy), who smoke tobacco cigarettes, in stable phase of illness.
* smoke ≥10 factory made cig/day, for at least the past five years
* age 18-65 years
* in good general health
* not currently attempting to quit smoking or wishing to do so in the next 30 days (a specific test will be included to check their unwillingness to quit) 6 months
* committed to follow the trial procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

* use of smokeless tobacco or nicotine replacement therapy
* pregnancy or breastfeeding.
* current or recent (less than 1 yr) past history of alcohol and/or drug abuse
* other significant co-morbidities according to the Investigator's clinical assessment
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Have no known serious medical conditions;
* Male;
* Are 18-65 years old;
* Smoke an average of at least 10 cigarettes per day;
* Have smoked at least one cumulative year;
* Have an expired air carbon monoxide (CO) reading of at least 10ppm;
* Able to read and understand English;
* Express a desire to quit smoking in the next thirty days.

Potential subjects must agree to use acceptable contraception.

Potential subjects must agree to avoid the following:

* participation in any other nicotine-related modification strategy outside of this protocol;
* use of tobacco products other than cigarettes, including pipe tobacco, cigars, e-cigarettes, snuff, and chewing tobacco;
* use of experimental (investigational) drugs or devices;
* use of illegal drugs;
* use of opiate medications.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Hypertension;
* Hypotension with symptoms;
* Coronary heart disease;
* Lifetime history of heart attack;
* Cardiac rhythm disorder (irregular heart rhythm);
* Chest pains (unless history, exam, and electrocardiogram (ECG) clearly indicate a non-cardiac source);
* Cardiac (heart) disorder (including but not limited to valvular heart disease, heart murmur, heart failure);
* History of skin allergy;
* Active skin disorder (e.g., psoriasis) within the last five years;
* Liver or kidney disorder (except kidney stones, gallstones);
* Gastrointestinal problems or disease other than gastroesophageal reflux or heartburn;
* Active ulcers in the past 30 days;
* Currently symptomatic lung disorder/disease (including but not limited to Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), emphysema, and asthma);
* Brain abnormality (including but not limited to stroke, brain tumor, and seizure disorder);
* Migraine headaches that occur more frequently than once per week;
* Recent, unexplained fainting spells;
* Problems giving blood samples;
* Diabetes treated with insulin; non-insulin treated diabetes (unless glucose is less than 180mg/dcl and HbA1c is less than 7%);
* Current cancer or treatment for cancer in the past six months (except basal or squamous cell skin cancer);
* Other major medical condition;
* Current psychiatric disease (with the exception of anxiety disorders, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD) and ADHD);
* Suicidal ideation (within the past 10 years) or lifetime occurrence of attempted suicide;
* Current depression;
* Bulimia or anorexia;
* Use of opiate medications for pain or sleep (non-opiate medication for pain or sleep will be allowed) within the past 14 days;
* Smoking more than one cigar a month.
* Alcohol abuse;
* Significant adverse reaction to nicotine patches, bupropion / Wellbutrin / Zyban or Chantix / varenicline in the past.
* Current participation or recent participation (in the past 30 days) in another smoking study at our Center or another research facility.
* Current participation in another research study.

Use (within the past 30 days) of:

* Illegal drugs (or if the urine drug screen is positive for tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Cocaine, Amphetamine, Opiates, Methamphetamines, phencyclidine (PCP), Benzodiazepines, or Barbiturates),
* Experimental (investigational) drugs;
* Psychiatric medications including antidepressants, anti-psychotics or any other medications that are known to affect smoking cessation (e.g. clonidine);
* Smokeless tobacco (chewing tobacco, snuff), pipes or e-cigarettes;
* Wellbutrin, bupropion, Zyban, Chantix, varenicline, nicotine replacement therapy or any other smoking cessation aid.

Answer: A