Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: SWIFT: Study of Women, Infant Feeding and Type 2 Diabetes After GDM Pregnancy
Brief Summary: The overall goal of the Study of Women, Infant Feeding and Type 2 Diabetes after GDM pregnancy (SWIFT) is to determine the relation of longer and more intensive lactation, as compared to formula feeding, on progression to incident type 2 diabetes mellitus among women within several years following delivery of a GDM pregnancy. The initial study enrolled women with recent GDM at 6 to 9 weeks post-delivery to reclassify oral glucose tolerance and conduct subsequent testing of glucose tolerance to ascertain progression to overt diabetes up to two years later. Research methods were utilized to assess lactation intensity and duration quantitatively and to evaluate incidence rates of diabetes, as well as changes in blood glucose levels, insulin resistance, body weight, waist circumference, and overall adiposity from baseline and up to several years later. SWIFT is a prospective, observational cohort study of 1,035 women recruited during pregnancy who were diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) via Carpenter and Coustan criteria and enrolled into the research study. We assessed the natural history of progression to prediabetes and type 2 diabetes from early postpartum for a racially and ethnically diverse cohort of women with GDM (75% minority) at high-risk for developing overt diabetes within 5-10 years post-delivery.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* age 20 to 45 years at delivery
* received prenatal care in Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) health care system
* Gestational Diabetes (GDM) pregnancy diagnosed using the 3-hour 100 g OGTT by Carpenter and Coustan criteria
* delivered a singleton, live birth \>= 35 weeks gestation
* no pre-existing diabetes or other serious medical conditions prior to index GDM pregnancy
* no diabetes diagnosis (2-hour 75 gram OGTT) at 6 to 9 weeks postpartum for the index GDM pregnancy
* no use of thyroid medications, steroids, or other medications affecting glucose tolerance
* not planning to move from the northern California area within the subsequent 24 months
* not planning another pregnancy within the next two years
* Two infant feeding groups: women who did not lactate or did so for less than 3 weeks, OR women who provided no supplemental milk feeds at 2-4 weeks and planned to continue intensive lactation defined as \<= 1 formula supplement (6 oz/day) from 6-9 weeks until 4 months or more postpartum.

Exclusion criteria:

* Women who fed both breast milk and 7-16 oz of formula (mixed feeding) during the first 4 weeks of life
B: Inclusion Criteria:

All pregnant women who intend to breastfeed, from 28 weeks to term, who have not met the exclusion criteria

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients who have epilepsy or on anti-seizure medications,
2. Patients who have a history of significant depression or are on antidepressant drugs
3. Patients who have pheochromocytoma or uncontrolled hypertension
4. Patients who have intestinal bleeding or obstruction
5. Patients who have a known allergy or prior reaction to metoclopramide, or any other contraindications to the use of metoclopramide
6. Patients who have diabetes and hyperprolactinaemia
7. Patients with HIV infection
8. Current pregnancy complicated by fetal congenital anomalies and multiple fetuses
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Babies with gestational age of 35-42 weeks
* Breasfed babies
* Lactating mothers
* Babies admitted to outpatient clinics of neonatology within the the first week of life

Exclusion Criteria:

* Babies with gestational age of \<35 weeks
* Not breast feeding mothers
* Babies admitted to outpatient clinics of neonatology within the the first week of life
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Women

* healthy women
* inadequate milk supply
* read/speak English

Infants

* healthy term infants (≥ 38 weeks gestational age)
* age ≥ 2wks and ≤3mths
* surpassed birth weight

Exclusion Criteria:

Mother

* cardiac anomalies
* breast or endocrine abnormalities (i.e. breast CA, pituitary adenomas)
* medications contraindicated with domperidone use
* drug or alcohol use
* use of hormonal contraception

Infant

* physical anomalies making breastfeeding difficult (i.e. cleft palate)
* cardiac anomalies

Answer: A