Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Comparison of Active Warming System and Conventional Passive Warming Care in Reducing Intraoperative Blood Loss for Patients Undergoing Major Surgery
Brief Summary: This is a randomized, open label, parallel two arm, clinical study, which compare the Bair Hugger forced-air warming blanket and the conventional warming care practice in China on patients undergoing major surgery to determine the impact of maintaining normothermia on intraoperative blood loss, requirement for transfusion of packed red blood cells and the changes of coagulation function.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* All primary and reoperative adult cardiac surgical patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery bypass grafting, coronary artery bypass grafting with a valve procedure, isolated valve procedures and ascending aortic repair for aneurysm or dissection procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age less than 18 years
* Congenital procedures
* Emergencies
* descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repairs
* Left or right ventricular assist devices
* Left ventricular aneurysm resections
* Heart or lung transplantation
* Those unable to receive blood for religious reasons
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age \> 18 years old
* Anticipated or proven admission to immediate postoperative resuscitation after scheduled or emergency oncology surgery, for the removal of a neoplastic lesion among the following surgical procedures:

  * Visceral surgery: Hepatectomy, duodenopancreatectomy, gastrectomy, esophagectomy, colectomy
  * Urological surgery: Radical prostatectomy, cystectomy, nephrectomy.
  * Gynaecological surgery: Ovariectomy, hysterectomy, mastectomy, pelvectomy
  * Thoracic surgery: Pneumonectomy, lobectomy
  * ENT Surgery: Total laryngectomy, pharyngectomy, glossectomy
  * Spinal surgery: corporectomy wherever it is performed.
* Hemoglobin level \< 9.5 g/dl between the day before surgery (D-1) and discharge from resuscitation at no more than 30 days postoperatively

Exclusion Criteria:

* - Myocardial infarction and/or unstable angina in the 4 weeks prior to surgery
* Refusal to participate in the study
* Minor patient (age \< 18 years)
* Refusal to transfuse red blood cell concentrates (Jehovah's Witness)
* Pregnant or breastfeeding women
* Patients under guardianship or curatorship
C: Inclusion Criteria:Adults aged over 50 years Within 48 hours of admission to hospital with fractured Neck of Femur. Exclusion Criteria: Age \<50

* Refusal of consent of patient (or consultee) Patient for palliative care.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult patients≥18 years old
* Preoperative core temperature between 36.0 and 37.5°C
* American Society of Anaesthesiologists（ASA） Physical Status Classification System I-III
* No transdermal meds on the target site
* Elective major surgeries included but not limited:

  * Hip replacement
  * Thoracic surgery (lobectomy and esophagectomy) or abdominal surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

* Less than 18 years old
* Uncontrolled insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (preoperative glucose \>250 mg/dL)
* A preoperative temperature above 37.5°C or less than 36°C
* Hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism
* Raynaud disease
* History of infection and fever within 4 weeks before surgery
* Use of steroid or immunosuppressant within 4 weeks before surgery
* History of bleeding disorders
* Clinically significant laboratory abnormalities
* Hgb ≤ 10.0 g/L
* Platelets ≤ 100,000 / mL
* WBC（white blood cell ） \<3000/dL
* Fibrinogen\<200 mg/dL
* Thromboplastin time\>40s
* Prothrombin time
* international normalized ratio(INR）\<70%

Answer: D