Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effect of Using Vaccine Reminder and Tracker Bracelets to Improve Routine Childhood Immunization Coverage and Timeliness in Pakistan: a Randomized Control Trial.
Brief Summary: Pakistan has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the world in part, due to the low coverage (54%) for all basic vaccinations. Low uptake, lack of awareness among parents to complete the recommended immunization schedule and inability to remember vaccine appointments are some of the key factors hindering improvement in uptake of immunization services. On the supply side, ineffective methods to track children's' vaccine doses means that there is no reliable mechanism to verify vaccine administration and estimate accurate immunization coverage.

This study proposes to develop and test two types of silicon bracelets for children to stimulate immunization demand and simultaneously address supply side verification issues. These bracelets use a combination of numbers and symbols to denote the age of the child and due vaccines and are designed for illiterate or uneducated mothers; are low-cost and adaptable to most local settings. At the time of vaccine administration, the appropriate symbol denoting the vaccine on the bracelets is punched and therefore the bracelets can serve as effective reminders for mothers for timely immunization of their child and as a tool for vaccinators to verify vaccine administration and coverage.

An individually randomized, three-arm parallel group design randomized control trial will be conducted with equal allocation in the two treatment groups and control group. Children in intervention group A will receive the simple silicon bracelets, children in intervention group B will receive the bracelets developed by Alma Sana Inc. and children in the Control group will not receive any intervention. The impact of these immunization reminder bracelets on immunization coverage and timeliness will be evaluated through a randomized control trial (RCT) across 4 immunization centers in Karachi. To evaluate the bracelets' impact, variables of interest-coverage and timeliness rates of pentavalent-3/PCV-3/polio-3 and Measles 1 vaccine will be compared between Group A and the Control Group and Group B and the Control Group.

Proposed results include increase in immunization coverage and timeliness of Pentavalent-3/Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine (PCV-3)/Polio-3 and Measles-1 in the intervention versus control group.

The study will provide evidence of the bracelet's effectiveness for the global health community and provide a simple tool for strengthening routine immunization efforts in Pakistan.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Short Message Service (SMS) group; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: SMS message | Arm Label: Usual care; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Usual care | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: SMS message; Assigned to Arm(s): Short Message Service (SMS) group | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Usual care; Assigned to Arm(s): Usual care
B: Arm Label: SMS Reminder; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: SMS Reminder | Arm Label: Interactive Reminder; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Interactive Reminder | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: SMS Reminder; Assigned to Arm(s): SMS Reminder | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Interactive Reminder; Assigned to Arm(s): Interactive Reminder
C: Arm Label: Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: A customized windows® software application | Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: A customized windows® software application; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention
D: Arm Label: Alma Sana Bracelet Arm; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Alma Sana Bracelet | Arm Label: Simple Silicon Bracelet Arm; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Simple Silicon Bracelet | Arm Label: Control Arm; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Alma Sana Bracelet; Assigned to Arm(s): Alma Sana Bracelet Arm | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Simple Silicon Bracelet; Assigned to Arm(s): Simple Silicon Bracelet Arm

Answer: D