Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) had systemic repercussion and lead to peripheral muscular dysfunction. Muscular atrophy limits aerobic capacity and is a major limitation of daily activity and quality of life. Technologies likes' neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) are currently being adapted and tested to support exercise training.

The investigators hypothesized that functional electrical stimulation cycling improves VO2 and aerobic capacities during exercise compared to endurance training.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subject is diagnosed with COPD.
* 40 years-old and older
* Currently or previously smoking with a smoking history of at least 10 pack-years
* Subject understands and is able to read and write French or English

Exclusion Criteria:

* absence of neuromuscular pathology
* absence of vascular pathology
* absence of dermatosis on legs
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* COPD
* FEV1 \< 60% predicted value and FEV1/ FVC \< 70%
* 6-minute walking distance \< 400 m

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients suffering from cardiovascular, neurological, skeletal muscle, or any other condition that could alter their capacity to perform the exercise test
* Patients taking systemic corticosteroids on a daily basis (patients having received systemic steroids for the treatment of up to two exacerbations in the preceding year and those on inhaled steroids will be allowed)
* Patients with room air PaO2 \< 60 mm Hg will be excluded.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* COPD (Stade II, III or IV)
* Inform consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pulmonary rehabilitation contraindication
* Patient with Pacemaker
* Patient in acute exacerbation
* Patient with neurologic comorbidity
* Anemiae
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* (1) Male or female ≥ 21 and ≤ 80 years of age.
* (2) Current HF symptoms consistent with NYHA class III-IV.
* (3) On stable HF pharmacological therapy for at least one month prior to data collection.
* (4) Left ventricular ejection fraction \< 45% documented within 3 months of enrollment (obtained from subjects medical records).
* (5) No planned elective surgery or pacemaker implantation at the time of study initiation.
* (6) Hgb \> 8.0 within 1 month of enrollment (obtained from subjects medical records).
* (7) Willingness to provide written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* (1) Inability to provide written informed consent.
* (2) Inability to walk on a treadmill.
* (3) Hemodynamically significant valvular heart disease.
* (4) Unstable angina.
* (5) Acute myocardial infarction within the previous 3 months.
* (6) Obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
* (7) HF known to be secondary to pericardial disease or uncorrected valvular disease.
* (8) Chronic oxygen therapy.
* (9) Participation in another clinical trial within the past 30 days.
* (10) Participation in a regular exercise within the previous 6 months.
* (11) Previous implantation of a cardiac pacemaker or defibrillator.
* (12) Pregnancy.
* (13) Resting systolic blood pressure \> 200 mmHg.
* (14) Failure to demonstrate the ability to operate the EMS unit.
* (15) Failure to be compliant with at least 75% of the EMS training sessions.

Answer: C