Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: In-Person VS. Computer Interventions for Increasing Probation Compliance
Brief Summary: Substance abuse treatment in the criminal justice system can reduce drug use and related criminal behavior. Although drug and alcohol treatment are common mandates in criminal justice programs, only a minority of clients actually initiate treatment. This proposal will compare two intervention formats that target motivation to initiate and engage in treatment among a group of probationers who have drug or alcohol treatment conditions. Six hundred drug and alcohol offenders in two probation sites (Baltimore, MD and Dallas, TX) will be randomized to receive: 1) an in-person motivational interviewing session (MI), 2) a motivational computer program (MC), or 3) supervision intake and monitoring as usual (SAU). The MI condition will be structured along the lines of the "Check-Up" format which consists of an assessment and personalized feedback delivered in an MI style; the content of the MC condition will be drawn from previous literature on effective motivational computer programs. Both interventions will be delivered at the start of the probation process, with follow-up assessments at 2 and 6 months. Primary outcomes include engagement and participation in substance abuse treatment; secondary outcomes include drug and alcohol use, probation progress, criminal behavior, and HIV testing and care. This project will be the first to develop and test two interventions for encouraging criminal justice clients to follow through with treatment recommendations, with the goal of increasing treatment initiation, and reducing subsequent drug use and criminal behavior. It also contributes to ongoing partnerships with two large probation agencies-the Dallas County Supervision and Corrections Department and the Maryland Division of Parole and Probation.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* \>=18 years old
* Drug or Alcohol use in the last 90 days

Exclusion Criteria:

* \<18 years old
* Cannot speak English
* Already participate in a substance abuse treatment
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Report injection drug use in the 6 months before screening
* Possess a Thai National Identification Card
* Laboratory values as follows within 2 weeks before enrollment:
* HIV oral fluid test non-reactive at screening and pre-enrollment visits
* Hemoglobin 9 gm/dL
* ALT and AST 2.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN)
* Total bilirubin 1.5 mg/dL
* Serum amylase 1.5 x ULN
* Serum phosphorus 2.2 mg/dL
* No evidence of current or chronic Hepatitis B infection by serology
* Calculated creatinine clearance 60 mL/min by the Cockcroft-Gault formula where creatinine clearance in mL/min = Male: (140 - age in years) x (wt in kg)/72 x (serum creatinine in mg/dL) Female:(140 - age in years) x (wt in kg) x 0.85/72 x (serum creatinine in mg/dL)
* Willing to abstain from sexual intercourse or use effective contraception during the trial (oral, injection, or barrier), for women
* Willing and able to provide informed consent for study participation
* Available and committed to DOT or monthly follow-up for at least 12 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Clinic physicians will determine if a subject with chronic illness requiring prescription medication can not enroll (medication used for drug treatment is allowed)
* Positive urine pregnancy test
* Breastfeeding
* History of significant renal, liver, or bone disease
* Any other clinical condition or prior therapy that, in the opinion of the clinic physician, would make the subject unsuitable for the study or unable to comply with the dosing requirements
* Concurrent participation in any other HIV prevention trial or drug/vaccine safety trial. AIDSVAX B/E HIV vaccine trial (CDC protocol #2076) participants and Extension Study (CDC protocol #3750) participants may be screened for enrollment in the Bangkok Tenofovir Study.
C: Inclusion Criteria

Volunteers may be eligible for this study if they:

* Are 20 to 60 years old.
* Are HIV-negative.
* Have used intravenous drugs in the previous 12 months.
* Are available and commit to 3 years of follow-up.
* Have a Thai National ID or its equivalent such as government official ID or state enterprise ID.
* Are able to understand the study and pass a test showing they understand it, and give written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria

Volunteers will not be eligible for this study if they:

* Have a serious disease or condition, or history of a serious disease or condition such as lymphoma, that would interfere with the study.
* Are HIV-positive.
* Have ever received an experimental HIV-1 vaccine.
* Have had or expect to have any treatments or medications that interfere with the immune system (e.g., long-term use of systemic steroids, chemotherapy, or radiation).
* Have received a vaccine or immunoglobulin within 2 weeks of receiving the first study injection, or other vaccines within 4 weeks of the first study injection.
* Have received immunoglobulins for a long time.
* Have received non-licensed, research agents within 4 weeks of the first study injection.
* Expect to miss study visits or plan to move within 36 months.
* Are pregnant or breast-feeding or plan to become pregnant during the 36-month study period.
* Are women who have sex with men and do not plan to use effective birth control.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male offenders with serious mental illness and co-occurring chemical abuse (MICA) disorders, as the term is currently applied in the CDOC Chemical abuse consists of any substance use or dependence disorder\[s\] diagnosis. Serious mental disorder\[s\] diagnosis includes DSM IV categories for: Bipolar Mood Disorders; Major Depressive Disorder; Paranoid/Delusional Disorders; Schizophrenic Disorders; Schizoaffective Disorder; and Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.

Exclusion Criteria:

* The study has no exclusion criteria other than programmatic criteria that exclude offenders who constitute a threat to themselves or to others in the community, as determined by the Community Corrections Board at the time the offender is placed in a Community Corrections facility.

Answer: A