Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Saline vs. Lactated Ringers for Emergency Department IV Fluid Resuscitation
Brief Summary: Administration of intravascular (IV) fluid is the most common emergency department (ED) procedure. IV fluids are integral to increasing effective blood volume and ensuring organ perfusion in patients with volume depletion and dehydration. There are many options of IV fluids providers can use when treating ED patients. Surveys show physicians do not cite an evidence-based reason for selecting the crystalloid IV fluid used; the decision was likely to be influenced by type and location of practice. A gap exists in the current literature, as there is no evidence for the optimal IV fluid choice for the ED patient requiring IV fluid before discharge.

Normal saline (NS) is commonly used as an IV fluid replacement in ED patients. However, NS has been associated with increased risk of acidosis and acute kidney injury. This study will use a novel approach of a patient-centered outcome in a non-critically ill population to ascertain the optimal IV fluid for patient quality of recovery. The results of this study will inform provider's IV fluid decisions between NS and LR. More importantly, the results of this study will have the power to improve patient's quality of recovery following IV fluid administration and subsequent ED discharge.

ED patients will be recruited, and participants will be randomized to receive one of two IV solutions (Lactated ringer's or normal saline). Participants will answer a survey before and after the intervention to assess their quality of recovery. The post-survey will be administered by phone after ED discharge. Participants will also be contacted by text message one week following their ED visit to gather information on their healthcare utilization.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Phase A1: Plasmalyte; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Crystalloid | Arm Label: Phase A2: 0.9% Saline; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Crystalloid | Arm Label: Phase B1: PlasmaVolume; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Colloid | Arm Label: Phase B2: Voluven; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Colloid | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Crystalloid; Assigned to Arm(s): Phase A1: Plasmalyte, Phase A2: 0.9% Saline | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Colloid; Assigned to Arm(s): Phase B1: PlasmaVolume, Phase B2: Voluven
B: Arm Label: 1; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: use of a non balced fluid and of a macromolecular fluid | Arm Label: 2; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: use of balanced crystalloids fluid and macromolecular fluid | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: use of a non balced fluid and of a macromolecular fluid; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: use of balanced crystalloids fluid and macromolecular fluid; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
C: Arm Label: Lactated ringers solution; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Lactated Ringer Solution | Arm Label: Normal saline solution; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Normal Saline 0.9% Infusion Solution Bag | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Lactated Ringer Solution; Assigned to Arm(s): Lactated ringers solution | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Normal Saline 0.9% Infusion Solution Bag; Assigned to Arm(s): Normal saline solution
D: Arm Label: 0.9% Saline; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: 0.9% Saline | Arm Label: Physiologically-balanced; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Physiologically-balanced isotonic crystalloid | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: 0.9% Saline; Assigned to Arm(s): 0.9% Saline | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Physiologically-balanced isotonic crystalloid; Assigned to Arm(s): Physiologically-balanced

Answer: C