Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Early Continuous High Volume Veno-venous Hemofiltration vs. Standard Care for Post-cardiac Surgery Shock Requiring High Doses Catecholamines. The HEROICS Study: HEmofiltration to Rescue Severe shOck followIng Cardiac Surgery
Brief Summary: This study seeks to determine if early continuous High Volume Veno-venous Hemofiltration (HVHF) reduces 30-day all cause mortality in post-cardiac surgery patients developing shock requiring high doses catecholamines.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* acute renal failure requiring renal replacement therapy

Exclusion Criteria:

* (recent) bleeding or a suspicion of bleeding necessitating transfusion,
* need of therapeutic anticoagulation or
* (suspected) heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients 18 years or older
* Written informed consent
* No pre-existing dialysis dependency

Exclusion Criteria:

* Minors / children
* No consent
* Severe electrolyte disturbances which necessitates special dialysis therapy
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass
2. Patient still on high doses catecholamines 3 to 24 hours following cardiac-surgical ICU admission. High doses catecholamines is defined by IV infusion of :

   1. Epinephrine \>0.2 microg/kg/min or
   2. Norepinephrine \>0.4 microg/kg/min or
   3. Epinephrine + (Norepinephrine /2) \>0.2 microg/kg/min
   4. Cardiac assistance using ECMO/ECLS technique are considered equivalent to high doses catecholamines.
3. Informed consent has been obtained from next of kin or when consent cannot be obtained, the intervention is randomized, and written informed consent obtained from the patient as soon as he regains consciousness. This practice is consistent with the French law for clinical research.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Age \< 18 years
2. Pregnancy
3. Chronic hemodialysis prior to heart surgery
4. Body weight \>120 kg
5. Moribund state, defined as SAPS 2 score\> 90
6. Severe underlying disease with survival expectancy of less than 8 days
7. Decision to withhold or withdraw active therapeutics
8. PrismaFlex machine unavailable in the unit
9. Intravascular access with dialysis catheter impossible -
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. The treating clinician believes that the patient requires CRRT for acute renal failure.
2. The clinician is uncertain about the balance of benefits and risks likely to be conferred by treatment with higher intensity or lower intensity CRRT.
3. The treating clinicians anticipate treating the patient with CRRT for at least 72 hours.
4. Informed consent has been obtained
5. The patient fulfils ONE of the following clinical criteria for initiating CRRT:

   * Oliguria (urine output \< 100ml/6hr) that has been unresponsive to fluid resuscitation measures.
   * Hyperkalemia (\[K+\] \> 6.5 mmol/L).
   * Severe acidemia (pH \< 7.2).
   * Urea \> 25 mmol/liter.
   * Creatinine \>300 micromol/L in the setting of ARF.
   * Clinically significant organ oedema in the setting of ARF (eg: lung).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patient age is \<18 years.
2. Death is imminent (\<24 hours).
3. There is a strong likelihood that the study treatment would not be continued in accordance with the study protocol.
4. The patient has been treated with CRRT or other dialysis previously during the same hospital admission.
5. The patient was on maintenance dialysis prior to the current hospitalisation.
6. The patient's body weight is \<60 kg or \>100kg.
7. Any other major illness that, in the investigator's judgment, will substantially increase the risk associated with the subject's participation in this study.

Answer: C