Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effects of Oily Fish in Pregnancy on Markers and Manifestations of Allergic Diseases in Infants at Risk of Atopy
Brief Summary: The number of infants and children with allergic disease (dermatitis, allergies, asthma) has increased over the last several decades. This may be related to changes in diet. It is now thought that children become sensitised to allergens very early in life maybe even before they are born. Some studies show that a high omega-3 fat intake by mothers decreases risk of sensitisation in their babies. There is a biological mechanism to explain this. Omega-3 fats are found in oily fish like salmon. In the UK pregnant women are recommended to eat oily fish twice per week. However, consumption of oily fish is known to be low in pregnant women in the UK. This study sets out to identify the effects of increasing salmon intake in pregnant women. The hypothesis being investigated is that : increased consumption of oily fish during pregnancy by women at risk of having offspring who will develop atopy will increase their omega-3 fat and antioxidant status and that of their developing baby and will ameliorate the development of atopic markers and manifestations in the infants.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 12-16 weeks gestation
* Low risk pregnancy
* Expected to deliver single full term
* No maternal metabolic or infectious disease
* No known fetal complications.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18-22 weeks pregnant (based on last menstrual period)
* 18 - 35 years old
* Resident of Cuernavaca who intends to deliver at the IMSS General Hospital I and remain in the area for the 2 years following recruitment
* Intends to predominantly breastfeed infant until 3 months of age
* Agrees to participate with informed consent

Exclusion criteria

* High risk pregnancy: If documented in the clinical record at recruitment and will include history and prevalence of abruptio placentae, any serious bleeding episode in the current pregnancy, gestational diabetes, pregnancy induced hypertension, maternal toxoplasmosis infection during pregnancy, coagulation disorders, thrombocytopenia or chronic vascular, renal or systemic disease and drug use.
* Lipid metabolism (hyperlipidemia) and/or absorption disorders
* Regular intake of fish oil or DHA supplements during pregnancy
* Chronic use of medication for illnesses like epilepsy
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant women before 19 weeks gestation, with healthy uncomplicated singleton pregnancies, but whose babies are at risk of atopy (i.e. one or more first degree relatives affected).
2. Not habitual consumers of oily fish (\< 2 portions of oily fish per month excluding tinned tuna).
3. Not using fish oil supplements (currently or in the last 3 months)
4. Age 18-40 y.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Habitual consumer of oily fish (\> 2 portions of oily fish per month excluding tinned tuna).
2. Use of fish oil supplements within the previous 3 months.
3. Not willing for essential identifiable information being stored for tracking purposes.
4. Participation in another research study.
5. Known diabetic and/or other auto-immune disease, e.g. SLE, MS, Thyroid Disease.
6. Adults with learning disabilities.
7. Adults who have a terminal illness.
8. Adults with mental health problems.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* singleton pregnancy
* gestation \<20 week at enrollment
* intention to deliver in one of the study centers
* body weight at time of enrollment from 50 kg to 92 kg

Exclusion Criteria:

* serious chronic illness (eg, diabetes, hepatitis)
* use fish oil supplements since the beginning of pregnancy
* use of folate or vitamin B-12 supplements after gestation week 16

Answer: C