Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Intervention Program for Elderly Patients With Hip Fracture
Brief Summary: Specific Aims

The long-term objective of this study is to examine the effectiveness of an intervention program for older patients with hip fracture. First, an intervention program for elderly patients with hip fracture will be developed and implemented, then, the effectiveness of the intervention program will be examined. The specific aims are as follows:

1. To develop a well conceived and feasible protocol of hospital discharge and sub-acute care that involves the coordinated work of health care professionals (physicians, surgeons, nurses, and physical therapists) and the informal caregivers. The feasibility of implementing such a protocol within the context of an intervention study subject to the constraints of the clinical setting (i.e., CGMH) will be evaluated in a pilot study.
2. To conduct a randomized clinical trial to evaluate the outcomes and costs associated with the proposed hospital discharge/sub-acute care protocol for elderly patients with hip fracture. Both experimental and case study methods will be used. Information on outcome indicators including clinical outcomes, quality of life, self-care ability, family caregiving outcomes, patient and caregiver satisfaction, and services utilization will be collected and compared between the control group and the experimental group.
3. To conduct a validation clinical trial to verify the results of the primary randomized clinical trial and increase the generalization of the study findings.
4. To estimate the cost of this care model and its variations for individual patients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 60 years or older
* Admitted from emergency room due to hip fracture
* Receiving hip arthroplasty or internal fixation
* Living in northern Taiwan

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severely cognitively impaired and completely unable to follow orders
* Terminally ill
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* age \>70 years
* living in nearby municipalities
* able to walk 10 m before fracture
* medial, pertrochanteric and subtrochanteric hip-fractures

Exclusion Criteria:

* nursing home residents
* expected to die within 3 months
* pathological fractures
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 60 years or older
* Admitted to hospital for an accidental single-side hip fracture
* Receiving hip arthroplasty or internal fixation
* Able to perform full range of motion against gravity and against some or full resistance, and have a pre-fracture Chinese Barthel Index (CBI) score \>70
* Living in northern Taiwan

Exclusion Criteria:

* Severely cognitively impaired and completely unable to follow orders (determined by a Chinese Mini-Mental State Examination \[MMSE\] score \<10), or
* Terminally ill
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Inclusion criteria on cluster level are:

  1. Written agreement to participate in the study;
  2. Agreement that a care pathway for PFF will not be developed and used within the time frame of the study when randomized in the control group.
* Inclusion criteria on patient level are:

  1. Written informed consent;
  2. All consecutive admissions with PFF;
  3. Minimum age of 65 years;
  4. Closed fracture;
  5. Eligible for surgical intervention;
  6. ASA-score of 1, 2 or 3;
  7. Each patient was included only once in the study at initial hospitalization, even if the patient has been hospitalized more than once.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Exclusion criteria on patient level:

  1. Patients with severe dementia (DSM IV);
  2. Bone metastatic diseases (pathologic fractures);
  3. Second fracture on the same hip (i.e. peri-prosthetic fracture)

Inclusion criteria on multidisciplinary team level:

1. Team members are involved in direct patient care responsibilities for PFF;
2. Minimum representation of the core disciplines according to PFF literature;

Answer: A