Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The PAL Trial (Physical Activity and Lymphedema)
Brief Summary: The purpose of the PAL trial is to increase the understanding of the experiences of long-term breast cancer survivors.

Study hypothesis: Strength training will not increase the rate of lymphedema or worsen lymphedema as compared to the non-exercising control participants.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Women without lymphedema must be 1-5 years post breast cancer diagnosis
* Women with lymphedema must be 1-15 years post breast cancer diagnosis
* Women with lymphedema must have stable lymphedema. ONE of the following:

  * 0-40\>10% girth volume difference between the affected and non- affected limb for a non-dominant arm
  * 6-40% girth volume difference between the affected and non- affected limb for a dominant arm inter-limb discrepancy in volume or circumference at the point of greatest visible difference OR swelling or obscuration of anatomic architecture upon close inspection OR pitting edema.

    * 2 cm circumference difference
  * A prior clinical diagnosis of lymphedema and having had any prior intensive lymphedema therapy on the affected arm

As well as ALL of the following four conditions:

* Women with Lymphedema must have ALL of the following:

  * No recorded arm girth change of 15% or greater within the three months.
  * No more than one lymphedema related infection requiring antibiotics within the past 3 months.
  * Participation in all Activities of Daily Living (ADLs) without lymphedema exacerbation for the past 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

* For ALL participants (with and without lymphedema)

  * No medical conditions or medications that would prohibit participation in an exercise program or would negatively impact our ability to test our primary aims
  * Not morbidly obese (body mass index \>50 kg/m2)
  * No plans for additional (e.g. reconstructive) surgery during the study period
  * No bilateral breast cancers (because this prohibits our ability to assess the primary outcome of interest)
  * No strength training or other upper body resistive exercise within the past year
  * Not planning to move away from the area over the next year
  * Not pregnant or lactating or planning to become pregnant during the study
  * Among women who have given birth: at least 6 months post pregnancy and at least 3 months post lactation
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed with prostate cancer
* Age ≥18 years
* Able to read and understand questionnaires in Danish
* Signed informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* \<6 weeks after prostatectomy
* Football training disencouraged by primary physician
* Osteoporosis (T-score \< -2,5) assessed by Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry at baseline
C: Inclusion Criteria For PCS:

* Received treatment for histologically confirmed prostate cancer
* Not currently undergoing radiation therapy or chemotherapy for prostate cancer
* Currently residing with an identifiable spouse willing to participate
* 60 years and older at enrollment

Inclusion Criteria for Spouses:

* Currently residing with prostate cancer survivor

Exclusion Criteria for prostate cancer survivor and Spouses:

* Current participation in moderate/vigorous intensity resistance training 2 or more hours per week
* Cognitive difficulties that preclude answering the survey questions, participating in performance tests, or giving informed consent
* Medical condition, movement or neurological disorder, or medication that contraindicates participation in resistance exercise
* Unwillingness to be randomized
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed with stage I-III cancer other than cancers of the brain or spinal cord (confirmed by patient self-report on the Health History Questionnaire; if patient is unable to confirm either the site of her cancer or that her stage of cancer is \< stage IV, we will send a letter to her physician to confirm this criterion)
* Completed chemotherapy \> 3 months prior to enrollment and no concurrent adjuvant therapy other than hormone manipulation therapy for breast cancer (confirmed by patient self-report on the Health History Questionnaire; if patient is unable to confirm whether or not she completed chemotherapy 3 months prior to enrollment, we will send a letter to her physician to confirm eligibility on this criterion)
* Postmenopausal (confirmed by self-report on the Health History Questionnaire; menopausal status could also be confirmed by a recent \[\< 6 months from enrollment\] laboratory report documenting serum follicle-stimulating hormone \[FSH\] \> 30 mIU/ml and/or serum estradiol \< 30 pg/ml)
* Currently underactive (\< 60 minutes of moderate intensity exercise per week in the last month) (confirmed by self-report on the Health History Questionnaire)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cognitive difficulties that preclude answering the survey questions, participating in the exercise classes or performance tests, or providing informed consent (confirmed by the professional opinion of the Principal Investigator, Dr. Kerri Winters-Stone)
* A medical condition, movement or neurological disorder, or medication use that contraindicates participation in moderate intensity exercise (confirmed by self-report on the Health History Questionnaire, and by physician clearance; if in the professional opinion of the Principal Investigator, Dr. Kerri Winters-Stone, contraindications other than those identified by the patient or physician are present, she may consider the participant ineligible)

Answer: A