Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Prospective, Randomized Controlled Trial of Mindfulness-based Stress Reduction (MBSR) Among Women Operated for Breast Cancer
Brief Summary: The number of Danish women treated for breast cancer rise every year, though survival rates have improved, women can still expect to experience the diverse late effects reported by this group of patients. Mindfulness labels the ability to be aware of the present moment - thereby avoiding speculations about both past and present. Mindfulness based stress-reduction (MBSR) is an 8-week program, covering 24 contact-hours and 45 minutes daily home practice. The program aims at developing participants' coping resources and developing participants' mindful awareness. Thus the program consists of guided meditations, guided body scan(a specific awareness exercise)and through meditation, yoga and psychoeducation concerning stress and stress-reactions, while meditation and bodyscan is practiced at home by the use of specific audio-CDs guiding the patient. The MBSR-program have shoved promising results among patients with anxiety-disorders, depression and chronic pain. Smaller studies have also found positive effects of the program among cancer patients. The investigators want to evaluate the effect of the MBSR program on levels of anxiety and depression as well as the possible influence of mindfulness training on health behaviors and existential concerns. The study are based on the following hypotheses:

* report of anxiety and depression will decrease among cases
* better compliance will lead to more decrease in levels of anxiety and depression
* cases will make lifestyle changes suitable with recommendations for BC patients in post-treatment phase of the illness
* decreased level of anxiety and depression will reflect improved spiritual well-being
* improved spiritual wellbeing will lead to decreased report of physical symptoms

All participants in this randomized controlled trial will fill out questionnaires at enrollment and as 1, 6 and 12 months follow-up. Based on results from this trial clinicians and patients will be able to make decisions regarding post-treatment psychosocial intervention and researchers will have initial evidence of the effect of the intervention and thus possible indications for research on mindfulness among patients diagnosed with cancer at other stages or sites.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult patients (18 years or more) of both sexes
* Being submitted to the first coronary artery bypass graft surgery between April 2011 and July 2012
* Having a properly functioning residential phone line

Exclusion Criteria:

* No cognitive condition to participate (assessed through the Mini-Mental State Examination - MMSE)

  * Illiterate participants who did not reach the minimum score 13 on the MMSE
  * Participants with one to seven years of education who did not reach the minimum score 18 on the MMSE
  * Participants with eight or more years of education who did not reach the minimum of 26 points on the MMSE
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* with whom verbal communication was possible.
* After a written informed consent, written agreement was obtained

Exclusion Criteria:

* mental retardation
* tracheotomy
* inability to communicate
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* planned elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy at Manukau Surgical Centre
* able to understand English
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* women 18-75 years
* operated for breast cancer stage I-III at either Herlev hospital (F-118) or Ringsted sygehus (Mammakirurgisk Klinik) after september 2006
* speak and read danish

Exclusion Criteria:

* other cancers
* diseases or disabilities hindering MBSR-participation
* active treatment for psychiatric disease including alcohol abuse

Answer: D