Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Safety and Feasibility of Administering Xenon to Patients Undergoing Off-pump Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery: a Pilot Study
Brief Summary: Purpose of this study is to test whether xenon application during off-pump-coronary artery bypass (OPCAB)-surgery is safe and feasible.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients undergoing heart surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass

Exclusion Criteria:

* age \< 18
* Emergency cases
* left ventricular ejection fraction less than 30%
* current atrial fibrillation
* Inability to give informed consent
* preoperative use of inotropics or mechanical assist device
* severe liver, renal and pulmonary disease
* recent myocardial infarction (within 7 days)
* recent systemic infection or sepsis (within 7 days)
* severe stroke (within 2 months)
* peripheral vascular disease affecting upper limbs
* previous serious psychiatric disorders (e.g. schizophrenia, dementia)
* concomitant carotid endarterectomy
* rare surgeries: cardiac transplantation, correction of complicated congenital anomalies, pulmonary thromboembolectomy, off-pump surgery, minimal-invasive operation without sternotomy
B: Inclusion Criteria:

MUST HAVE:

General Anesthesia with volatile anesthetic

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS

Major Criteria (Must have any 1 of the following:)

1. Planned open heart surgery
2. Medications - anticonvulsants, abuse of opiates, benzodiazepines, cocaine
3. EF\<40%
4. Prior history of awareness (recall)
5. History of difficult intubation or anticipated difficult intubation
6. ASA IV or V status
7. Aortic stenosis
8. End stage lung disease
9. Marginal exercise tolerance not secondary to musculoskeletal dysfunction
10. Pulmonary hypertension
11. Daily alcohol consumption

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Surgical procedure that prevents the use of the BIS (e.g. surgery of forehead)
2. Patient positioning prevents use of the BIS
3. Surgery with wake-up test.
4. Less than 18 years of age
5. Vulnerable populations, such as those with dementia and those unable to provide informed consent.
6. Stroke with residual neurological deficits

   -
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female subject aged over 75 years
* Admission for a scheduled surgery (i.e. all oncologic digestive surgery , ureterostomy, nephrectomy or cystectomy, total hip or knee replacement)
* Participation agreement

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a progressive and/or poorly managed psychiatric pathology (patients with stabilized depression could be included in the study)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with coronary artery disease scheduled for elective OPCAB- surgery
* Patients willing and able to complete the requirements of this study
* Ejection Fraction \> 30%

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lack of informed consent
* Age \< 18 years
* Pregnancy
* chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) GOLD \> II
* Renal dysfunction defined as serum-creatinine \> 1.5 mg/dl
* Acute coronary syndrome during the last 24 hours; haemodynamic instability, requirement of inotropic support
* Single vessel grafting
* Disabling neuropsychiatric disorders (severe dementia, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, depression), history of stroke with residuals, significant stenosis of carotid arteries, increased intracranial pressure
* Hypersensitivity to the study medication
* Presumed uncooperativeness or legal incapacity

Answer: D