TrialPanorama/Dataset huggingface dataset:
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Promoting Organ and Tissue Donation Registration in Family Physician Offices: a Pragmatic Stepped-wedge Cluster Randomized Controlled Registry Trial (RegisterNow Trial)
Brief Summary: This study evaluates the effects of using reception staff to prompt patients by providing a pamphlet and an opportunity to register in the waiting room via a mobile tablet on deceased organ donor registration rates.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Usual care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Reception staff providing handout., Behavioral: Mobile Tablet (e.g. iPad) | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Reception staff providing handout.; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Mobile Tablet (e.g. iPad); Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention
B: Arm Label: Group Based; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Group-Based (GB) Intervention | Arm Label: Home-Based; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Home-Based (HB) Intervention | Arm Label: Standard Care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Group-Based (GB) Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Group Based | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Home-Based (HB) Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Home-Based
C: Arm Label: Control Arm; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Website Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Website Intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Website Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Website Intervention
D: Arm Label: Usual Care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Participant Video and Provider Cueing; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Participant Video and Provider Cueing | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Participant Video and Provider Cueing; Assigned to Arm(s): Participant Video and Provider Cueing

Answer: A
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Isometric Preoperative Exercise on Vascular Caliber and the Maturation of Autologous Arteriovenous Fistulas. Randomized Clinical Trial
Brief Summary: A good vascular access (VA) is vital for hemodialysis (HD) patients. The start of HD with autologous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) means higher survival, lower sanitary costs and complications. The distal forearm AVF is known as the best option but not all patients are good candidates for this surgery, and there is a primary failure rate between 20 and 50% published in literature.

The choice of the optimal AVF for each patient is conditioned mainly by the anatomical and hemodynamic characteristics of the artery and the vein chosen to perform the anastomosis. These characteristics can be modified by performing physical exercise Some vascular access guidelines suggest the performance of isometric exercises in the pre and postoperative period of the AVF confection. However, there is very little data in literature on the possible efficacy of preoperative exercise, although small published observational studies point to an improvement in the venous and arterial caliber. Regarding the postoperative exercises, they do seem to improve maturation, however the degree of evidence in literature is low and there is no consensus on the exercise protocol to follow.

We present an open-label, multicenter, prospective, controlled and randomized study in order to evaluate the usefulness of preoperative isometric exercise (PIE) in pre-dialysis patients or in prevalent HD with indication of performing a new AVF. The randomization will be 1: 1, one group of patients will perform PIE for 8 weeks and the other group of patients will be a control group. The main purpose will be to evaluate if there is a lower rate of primary failure in the PIE group compared with control group.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Experimental group; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: experimental group | Arm Label: Group control; Type: SHAM_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: experimental group | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: experimental group; Assigned to Arm(s): Experimental group, Group control
B: Arm Label: Preoperative isometric exercise (PIE) group; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: Isometric exercises using Hand grip and elastic bands | Arm Label: Control group; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Isometric exercises using Hand grip and elastic bands; Assigned to Arm(s): Preoperative isometric exercise (PIE) group
C: Arm Label: Repetitive handgrip exercise; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Repetitive arm exercise | Arm Label: No arm exercise; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Repetitive arm exercise; Assigned to Arm(s): Repetitive handgrip exercise
D: Arm Label: Control Arm; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Exercise Arm; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Hand Exercise | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Hand Exercise; Assigned to Arm(s): Exercise Arm

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Use of the Social Networking to Promote Educational and Consultative Actions Among Kidney Transplanted Adolescents. Comparison of the Knowledge, Satisfaction and Self-esteem Between Two Groups: a Randomized Clinical Trial.
Brief Summary: This study is designed to compare the knowledge, satisfaction and self-esteem of kidney transplanted adolescents measured through questionnaires between two groups: patients undergoing conventional treatment with no other intervention versus patients undergoing conventional treatment and receiving additional educational and consultative actions using a closed facebook group.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Inform Me: web-based education tool; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Inform Me: web-based education tool | Arm Label: Control Standard of Care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Inform Me: web-based education tool; Assigned to Arm(s): Inform Me: web-based education tool
B: Arm Label: Facebook group; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Facebook group | Arm Label: Control group; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Facebook group; Assigned to Arm(s): Facebook group
C: Arm Label: Control; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: iChoose Kidney Decision Aid; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: iChoose Kidney Decision Aid | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: iChoose Kidney Decision Aid; Assigned to Arm(s): iChoose Kidney Decision Aid
D: Arm Label: A; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Attention control | Arm Label: B; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Attention control; Assigned to Arm(s): A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): B

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Rapid Identification and Phenotypic Susceptibility Testing for Gram-Negative Bacteremia (RAPIDS-GN)
Brief Summary: RAPIDS-GN is a multi-center, prospective, randomized, controlled trial to evaluate the following strategies for patients with confirmed gram-negative bacillus bacteremia (GNB):

1. Standard culture and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST); or
2. Rapid identification and AST using the Accelerate PhenoTest™ BC Kit, performed on the Accelerate Pheno™ System (AXDX)


Options:
A: Arm Label: Standard blood culture and AST; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: Standard Culture and AST | Arm Label: Rapid organism identification and AST; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: Accelerate PhenoTest™ BC Kit | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Accelerate PhenoTest™ BC Kit; Assigned to Arm(s): Rapid organism identification and AST | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Standard Culture and AST; Assigned to Arm(s): Standard blood culture and AST
B: Arm Label: betaLACTA® result given to physician; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: betaLACTA® rapid diagnostic test | Arm Label: betaLACTA® result NOT given to physician; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: betaLACTA® rapid diagnostic test; Assigned to Arm(s): betaLACTA® result given to physician
C: Arm Label: Xpert MRSA/SA SSTI; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: Xpert MRSA/SA SSTI | Arm Label: Standard culture; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Diagnostic Test: Standard culture | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Xpert MRSA/SA SSTI; Assigned to Arm(s): Xpert MRSA/SA SSTI | Intervention Type: DIAGNOSTIC_TEST; Name: Standard culture; Assigned to Arm(s): Standard culture
D: Arm Label: 2; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: detection of microbial DNA in blood by blood culture | Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Detection of microbial DNA in blood by SeptiFast® | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Detection of microbial DNA in blood by SeptiFast®; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: detection of microbial DNA in blood by blood culture; Assigned to Arm(s): 2

Answer: A
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Prospective, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Efficacy of the Indigo® Aspiration System in Acute Pulmonary Embolism
Brief Summary: To determine the safety and efficacy of the Indigo Aspiration System for aspiration mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE)


Options:
A: Arm Label: 2; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: 0.9% Saline + Enoxaparin | Arm Label: 1; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Tenecteplase + Enoxaparin | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Tenecteplase + Enoxaparin; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: 0.9% Saline + Enoxaparin; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
B: Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: tenecteplase; Assigned to Arm(s): N/A
C: Arm Label: Patients undergoing Pulmonary Embolectomy; Type: N/A; Interventions: Procedure: Catheter directed debulking of Pulmonary Embolus | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Catheter directed debulking of Pulmonary Embolus; Assigned to Arm(s): Patients undergoing Pulmonary Embolectomy
D: Arm Label: Single Arm; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Device: Indigo Aspiration System | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Indigo Aspiration System; Assigned to Arm(s): Single Arm

Answer: D
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Safety, Effectiveness, and Cost-effectiveness of an Herbal Medicine, Gongjin-dan, in Subjects With Chronic Dizziness: a Prospective, Multicenter, Randomized, Double-blinded, Placebo-controlled, Parallel-group, Clinical Trial
Brief Summary: This is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, parallel-group, clinical trial to explore the effectiveness of an herbal medication, Gongjin-dan (GJD) for chronic dizziness (Ménière disease, psychogenic dizziness, or dizziness of unknown cause), identified as liver-deficiency pattern/syndrome, and assessed with Dizziness Handicap Inventory (DHI) ≥ 24 at baseline. Participants will be randomized and allocated to either GJD or placebo group with 1:1 ratio and orally administered GJD or placebo pills once a day for 8 weeks. For collecting data for cost-effectiveness analysis, the participants will be followed up to 12 months from randomization.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Computer-training; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Computer-training | Arm Label: Printed instructions; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Computer-training | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Computer-training; Assigned to Arm(s): Computer-training, Printed instructions
B: Arm Label: SVD-tailored Integrative Psychotherapy (IPT); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: SVD-tailored Integrative Psychotherapy (IPT) | Arm Label: Self-help group (SHG); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Self-help group (SHG) | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: SVD-tailored Integrative Psychotherapy (IPT); Assigned to Arm(s): SVD-tailored Integrative Psychotherapy (IPT) | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Self-help group (SHG); Assigned to Arm(s): Self-help group (SHG)
C: Arm Label: Gongjin-dan; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Gongjin-Dan | Arm Label: placebo; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Gongjin-Dan; Assigned to Arm(s): Gongjin-dan | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): placebo
D: Arm Label: BI + VR + CBT; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: BI + VR + CBT, Behavioral: BI + phone calls | Arm Label: BI + phone calls; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: BI + VR + CBT, Behavioral: BI + phone calls | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: BI + VR + CBT; Assigned to Arm(s): BI + VR + CBT, BI + phone calls | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: BI + phone calls; Assigned to Arm(s): BI + VR + CBT, BI + phone calls

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Mindfulness Training for Children With ADHD and Mindful Parenting
Brief Summary: This study evaluates the effectiveness of an 8-week mindfulness group training for children (8-16 years old) with ADHD in combination with a parallel mindful parenting training for their parents. Half of the participants will be randomly assigned to the mindfulness training in addition to care-as-usual (CAU); the other half to CAU-only.

The hypothesis is that compared to care-as-usual only, the addition of the mindfulness training will improve self-control of youth with ADHD.


Options:
A: Arm Label: lifestyle; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Lifestyle counseling | Arm Label: therapy; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Lifestyle counseling, Behavioral: Parenting Mindfully for Health (PMH) | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Lifestyle counseling; Assigned to Arm(s): lifestyle, therapy | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Parenting Mindfully for Health (PMH); Assigned to Arm(s): therapy
B: Arm Label: Parenting Mindfully Program; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Parenting Mindfully Program | Arm Label: Parent Education Program; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Parent Education Program | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Parenting Mindfully Program; Assigned to Arm(s): Parenting Mindfully Program | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Parent Education Program; Assigned to Arm(s): Parent Education Program
C: Arm Label: Care-as-usual (CAU) only; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: Care-as-usual for children (8-16 years old) with ADHD | Arm Label: Mindfulness for child and parent + CAU; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: MYmind mindfulness training, Other: Care-as-usual for children (8-16 years old) with ADHD | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: MYmind mindfulness training; Assigned to Arm(s): Mindfulness for child and parent + CAU | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Care-as-usual for children (8-16 years old) with ADHD; Assigned to Arm(s): Care-as-usual (CAU) only, Mindfulness for child and parent + CAU
D: Arm Label: AMOR Method; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: The AMOR Method | Arm Label: Wait List; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: The AMOR Method; Assigned to Arm(s): AMOR Method

Answer: C
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Non-invasive Versus Invasive Blood Pressure Measurement in the Morbidly Obese Parturient (BMI >= 40 kg/m2) With Severe Preeclampsia: A Comparison of Direct Arterial Blood Pressure Measurements With Readings Obtained Using Either Large Cylindrical or Novel Conical Bariatric Upper Arm Blood Pressure Cuffs
Brief Summary: The study will compare agreement of invasive blood pressure measurements with non-invasive blood pressure measurements measured with a conical blood pressure and large standard upper arm rectangular cuff in morbidly obese severely hypertensive (systolic blood pressure \> 160 mmHg) parturients.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Arm A: Conical then Cylindrical; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: Non-invasive BP recording with conical Ultracheck Curve BP cuff, Device: Non-invasive BP recording with traditional cylindrical BP cuff, Other: Direct invasive arterial pressure | Arm Label: Arm B: Cylindrical then Conical; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: Non-invasive BP recording with conical Ultracheck Curve BP cuff, Device: Non-invasive BP recording with traditional cylindrical BP cuff, Other: Direct invasive arterial pressure | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Non-invasive BP recording with conical Ultracheck Curve BP cuff; Assigned to Arm(s): Arm A: Conical then Cylindrical, Arm B: Cylindrical then Conical | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Non-invasive BP recording with traditional cylindrical BP cuff; Assigned to Arm(s): Arm A: Conical then Cylindrical, Arm B: Cylindrical then Conical | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Direct invasive arterial pressure; Assigned to Arm(s): Arm A: Conical then Cylindrical, Arm B: Cylindrical then Conical
B: Arm Label: Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: Self monitoring of blood pressure using Health Gauge Device and monthly monitoring of weight gain | Arm Label: Control group; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Self monitoring of blood pressure using Health Gauge Device and monthly monitoring of weight gain; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention
C: Arm Label: Self-Monitoring of Blood Pressure; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Self-Monitoring of Blood Pressure | Arm Label: Usual Care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Self-Monitoring of Blood Pressure; Assigned to Arm(s): Self-Monitoring of Blood Pressure
D: Arm Label: Intervention Arm; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Community-based Pre-eclampsia/Eclampsia Detection and Management, Other: Strengthened Referral Network from Community to Referral hospital levels | Arm Label: Enhanced Usual Care; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Community-based Pre-eclampsia/Eclampsia Detection and Management; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention Arm | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Strengthened Referral Network from Community to Referral hospital levels; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention Arm

Answer: A
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Diaphragm's Manual Therapy Reduce Pain in Patients With Chronic Neck Pain: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of diaphragm's manual therapy in addition to cervical spine manual therapy in terms of pain, cervical spine range of motion, trigger points pain pressure threshold, disability and quality of life in patient with chronic aspecific neck pain.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Study Group; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Mulligan Mobilization for Study Group | Arm Label: Control Group; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: Conventional therapy for Control Group | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Mulligan Mobilization for Study Group; Assigned to Arm(s): Study Group | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Conventional therapy for Control Group; Assigned to Arm(s): Control Group
B: Arm Label: Real Treatment Group; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Real Treatment Group | Arm Label: Sham Treatment Group; Type: SHAM_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Sham Treatment Group | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Real Treatment Group; Assigned to Arm(s): Real Treatment Group | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Sham Treatment Group; Assigned to Arm(s): Sham Treatment Group
C: Arm Label: 1 Manual Therapy Utrecht; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Manual Therapy Utrecht | Arm Label: 2 Physical Therapy - Exercise Therapy; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Physical Therapy | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Manual Therapy Utrecht; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 Manual Therapy Utrecht | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Physical Therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): 2 Physical Therapy - Exercise Therapy
D: Arm Label: Manual Therapy + Analgesic therapy; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Manual Therapy, Device: Analgesic therapy | Arm Label: Myofascial Release + Analgesic therapy; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Myofascial Release Therapy, Device: Analgesic therapy | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Manual Therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Manual Therapy + Analgesic therapy | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Myofascial Release Therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Myofascial Release + Analgesic therapy | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Analgesic therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Manual Therapy + Analgesic therapy, Myofascial Release + Analgesic therapy

Answer: B
Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Pilot Study to Estimate the Impact of a Screening and Referral Service on Contraceptive Use
Brief Summary: The specific aim of this pilot study is to estimate the impact of a new digital health service on the uptake of family planning among Kenyan women with an unmet need for contraception. Enrolled women will be randomized to a control arm or an encouragement arm that will receive a special invitation to try the new service.


Options:
A: Arm Label: Control; Type: SHAM_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Wise app with fitness reminders | Arm Label: Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Wise app with medication adherence reminders | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Wise app with medication adherence reminders; Assigned to Arm(s): Intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Wise app with fitness reminders; Assigned to Arm(s): Control
B: Arm Label: Encouragement Arm; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: digital family planning screening and referral service | Arm Label: Control Arm; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: digital family planning screening and referral service; Assigned to Arm(s): Encouragement Arm
C: Arm Label: Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Mobile phone reminder | Arm Label: Control; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Mobile phone reminder | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Mobile phone reminder; Assigned to Arm(s): Control, Intervention
D: Arm Label: Usual Care; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Usual Care | Arm Label: Healthy Beyond Pregnancy; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Healthy Beyond Pregnancy | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Healthy Beyond Pregnancy; Assigned to Arm(s): Healthy Beyond Pregnancy | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Usual Care; Assigned to Arm(s): Usual Care

Answer: B