Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: PEARL Intervention to Reduce Depression Among Adults With Epilepsy
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to test the effectiveness of a home-based depression treatment intervention called "Program to Encourage Active, Rewarding Lives (PEARL)". We hypothesize that over a 12-month period, compared to usual care, those receiving the PEARL intervention will show more improvement with their depression, have higher quality of life and function, and use fewer medical services.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 years or older
* Presence of one or more concurrent clinical conditions requiring chronic treatment (ie, daily treatment lasting one month or longer)
* At least one clinically relevant adverse event attributable to the present treatment(s) and/or a clinically relevant drug interaction; for the purposes of this study, a clinically relevant adverse event is any symptom and/or clinical and/or laboratory sign requiring treatment change; a clinically relevant drug interaction is an interaction requiring active monitoring and/or treatment change
* The treatment schedule can be modified to eliminate adverse event(s) and/or risky drug interactions; the decision to modify the treatment is left to the caring physician's judgment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age younger than 18 years
* Absence of concurrent chronic treatments
* Presence of polytherapy with AEDs unassociated to treatments for concurrent (non-epileptic) disorders
* The treatment schedule cannot be changed even at the presence of clinically relevant adverse events
* Patient is unable to understand or comply with an educational plan; the application of this exclusion criterion is left to the caring physician's judgment
* Patient or caregiver is unwilling to release a written informed consent
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age at least 18 years
* diagnosis of active epilepsy (that is, at least one epileptic seizure within the past 10 years or taking antiseizure medicines within the past five years)
* current depressive disorder (either major depressive disorder or dysthymic disorder, as determined by telephone interview with the MINI Neuropsychiatric Interview)
* no current antidepressant medication, or current antidepressant medication but no changes in dosage for at least one month prior to study inclusion (medication changes after study inclusion are permitted, given the pragmatic design of the trial)
* currently at least moderate self-reported depressive symptom severity, as operationalized by a score of at least 10 on the PHQ-9, a cut-off score that has been well validated
* ability to speak and read German
* access to the internet and personal possession of an appropriate device on which the internet-based intervention can be used regularly (e.g., smartphone, computer, laptop)
* expressed motivation to participate in the trial and use an internet-based intervention to acquire skills and knowledge that may aid in the amelioration of depression symptoms

Exclusion Criteria:

* current psychotherapy
* other known major psychiatric disorder, such as bipolar disorder, schizophrenia or another psychotic disorder, or borderline personality disorder (based on the MINI interview)
* acute suicidality (that is, intention or plan to commit suicide, as assessed with the respective module of the MINI interview)
* newly prescribed antidepressant medication or change in antidepressant medication dosage in month prior to study inclusion
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Home address within 30 miles of Seattle
* Diagnosis of epilepsy (ICD-9 code 345.XX)
* Appointment in the UW REC or Neurology clinic in the past 2 years and currently enrolled in this clinic.
* Current age older than 18 years
* Diagnosis of major depression, minor depression or dysthymia
* Ability to speak/read English

Exclusion Criteria:

* Alcohol and/or substance abuse/dependence based on a score greater than 1 on 4-item validated CAGE-AID
* Cognitive impairment based on a score less than 3 on a 6-item validated cognitive screen
* Diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizophrenia/schizoaffective disorder or other psychotic disorder
* Women who are pregnant or nursing
* Terminal medical illness
* Those currently seeing or planning to see a psychiatrist
* Those with suicidal ideation nearly every day
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* presence of a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis or epilepsy
* self-reported urge to be treated for depressive symptoms (no externally confirmed diagnosis necessary)
* informed consent (provided online in line with regulations by the Hamburg Department of Data Security)

Exclusion Criteria:

* unable to provide informed consent
* diagnosis of bipolar or schizophrenia spectrum disorders
* substantial neurocognitive impairment (e.g. dementia)
* acute suicidal tendencies as assessed with the Suicide Behaviors Questionnaire-Revised (SBQ-R). Subjects excluded for this reason are provided various emergency contacts and phone numbers.

Answer: C