Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of a Combination of Varenicline and Transdermal Nicotine Patch on Post-quitting Urges to Smoke
Brief Summary: Varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) are both effective smoking cessation treatments. Anecdotally smokers who are finding their quit attempt difficult have reported benefiting from adding NRT to varenicline. This proof-of-principle placebo-controlled double-blind study will examine whether combining NRT and varenicline provides better withdrawal and craving relief than varenicline alone. A total of 120 smokers would be randomised to receive varenicline +15mg/16hr patch or varenicline + placebo patch. All participants will receive standard NHS Stop Smoking Service support. The primary outcome would be ratings of craving and withdrawal discomfort 24 hours and one week after the target quit date.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients smokers (= 10 cigarettes per day in the last year)
* Affected by a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
* Presenting a recent exacerbation having led to at least a 24-hour hospitalization in pneumology or intensive care unit.
* Inclusion during hospitalization.
* Motivated to quit smoking
* Able to understand the information and give a written consent.
* Available for a follow-up of 1 year.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Refusal or unable to consent.
* Unaffiliated or not entitled to the National Health Insurance Coverage.
* Absence of a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease according to the criteria ATS / ERS.
* presenting a contraindication to the pharmacotherapy (i.e. the active substance: tartrate of varénicline or one of the excipients)
* actively participating in other smoking cessation trials.
* Pregnancy: declared or planned in 14 months.
* breastfeeding.
* Women old enough to procreate without reliable contraception.
* History of anorexia nervosa or bulimia.
* History of a severe depression and having required a medicinal treatment in 5 years.
* History of 2 or several episodes of severe depression and having required a medicinal treatment.
* Personal or family History of suicide attempt.
* History or current presence of dementia, a bipolar disease, a psychosis, a panic attack.
* Taken by psychotropic medicines in the inclusion excepted those prescribed to hypnotic aim and antidepressant medicine of the class of the inhibitors of the recapture of the sérotonine prescribed for a not severe depression
* Presence of a depression detected by means of the questionnaire HAD (not inclusion if the total of the sub-scale D is \> 8 or if the total of scales A + D is \> 16) and/or PHQ-9 (not inclusion if score \> 9).
* SGOT or SGPT \> 2 fold upper limit of normal, the hepatic cirrhosis, the acute hepatitis.
* Renal insufficiency (clearance of the creatinine \< 30 ml / min according to the formula of Cockcroft).
* Excessive consumption of alcohol (more than 21 glasses a week for the men, more than 14 glasses of wines a week to them Women).
* Use of marijuana or other forms of tobacco during the study.
* Use of other stimulant drugs (ephedrine, phenylephrine) or appetite suppressants during the study.
* Life expectancy of ≤ 12-months (ex: patients affected by a chronic disease in terminal phase).
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants must have stable, documented cardiovascular disease (including at least one of the following diagnosed \> 2 months prior to the Screening visit - angina, myocardial infarction (MI), revascularization, transient ischemic attack (TIA), and peripheral vascular disease (PVD).
* Participants that smoke \> 10 cigarettes / day.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Participants with unstable cardiovascular disease
* Cardiovascular events in the past 2 months
* Moderate or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Smokers seeking treatment
* Aged 18 and over
* Consenting to take part in the trial

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant or breastfeeding
* End-stage renal disease
* Unable to fill in questionnaires in English
* Previous allergy to Varenicline
* Previous allergy to Nicotine Patches Previous allergy to varenicline
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Smokers seeking treatment
* Aged 18 and over
* Consenting to take part in the trial

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant or breastfeeding
* End-stage renal disease
* Used varenicline in the past 6 months
* Unable to fill in questionnaires in English
* Current psychiatric illness
* Current serious illness including uncontrolled hypertension and recent cardiac event
* Sensitivity to varenicline currently enrolled in other research projects.

Answer: C