Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Use of High Flow Ventilation in Pediatric Cardiac Surgical Patients
Brief Summary: Humidified high flow nasal prong oxygen therapy is a method for providing oxygen and CPAP. The delivery of high flows decreases dilution of the inhaled oxygen and, by matching patient's peak flow, allows accurate delivery of the set FiO2 throughout the whole inspiratory phase. In addition, a flow-dependent effect of continuous positive airway pressure, possibly due to an air entrainment mechanism, has been documented in healthy volunteers and in patients with COPD.

The investigators working hypothesis is that the use of post-extubation CPAP delivered via nasal cannulae in infants less than 18 months, post-bypass surgery will have better PaCO2 values than infants extubated on to oxygen therapy.


Options:
A: Arm Label: high flow nasal cannula (HFNC); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: nasal continuous positive airway pressure / nasal positive pressure ventilation (NCPAP/NPPV) and high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) devices | Arm Label: nasal continuous positive airway pressure / nasal positive pressure ventilation (NCPAP/NPPV); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: nasal continuous positive airway pressure / nasal positive pressure ventilation (NCPAP/NPPV) and high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) devices | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: nasal continuous positive airway pressure / nasal positive pressure ventilation (NCPAP/NPPV) and high flow nasal cannula (HFNC) devices; Assigned to Arm(s): high flow nasal cannula (HFNC), nasal continuous positive airway pressure / nasal positive pressure ventilation (NCPAP/NPPV)
B: Arm Label: Continous Positive Airway Pressure; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: Continous Positive Airway Pressure | Arm Label: High Flow Oxygenation Therapy; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Device: Optiflow Junior | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Optiflow Junior; Assigned to Arm(s): High Flow Oxygenation Therapy | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Continous Positive Airway Pressure; Assigned to Arm(s): Continous Positive Airway Pressure
C: Arm Label: High flows; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Device: Use of high flows versus oxygen therapy, Device: oxygen therapy | Arm Label: oxygen therapy; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Device: oxygen therapy | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Use of high flows versus oxygen therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): High flows | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: oxygen therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): High flows, oxygen therapy
D: Arm Label: bubble CPAP; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Bubble continuous positive airway pressure | Arm Label: High flow air/ oxygen mix; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Humidified high flow air / O2 mix at 2 l/kg/min | Arm Label: Standard O2 supplementation by nasal prongs; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Standard O2 supplementation by nasal cannula at 0.5 - 2 l/min | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Bubble continuous positive airway pressure; Assigned to Arm(s): bubble CPAP | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Humidified high flow air / O2 mix at 2 l/kg/min; Assigned to Arm(s): High flow air/ oxygen mix | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Standard O2 supplementation by nasal cannula at 0.5 - 2 l/min; Assigned to Arm(s): Standard O2 supplementation by nasal prongs

Answer: C