Please select the outcome measures that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Vitamin D Dose-Response Study to Establish Dietary Requirements in Infants
Brief Summary: The research team is comprised of an expert nutrition scientist and a pediatrician with expertise in endocrinology. Both have world-class experience in assessing bone mass in infancy. Together they have designed a study to determine how much dietary vitamin D is needed to optimize health in infants. This is important since many infants are born with vitamin D deficiency. At present the dosage of vitamin D that is optimal for infant health is unclear and recent research suggests that vitamin D status very early in life has long lasting effects on bone mass and other health issues. Therefore, in a group of healthy infants, this research team will test which dosage of vitamin D is needed to achieve optimal vitamin D status. Optimal vitamin D status will be based on growth, biomarkers of vitamin D and bone status in blood and also general health. The infants will all be breastfed and begin the study at about 2 weeks of age. At 3 months intervals over the first year of life, each infant will be measured for growth, duration of breastfeeding and supplement use plus have a bone density scan to determine changes in bone growth. The data will be helpful to guide health care professionals in providing the best care possible for their infants. It will also be important to the health of populations since dietary recommendations for vitamin D are used to guide fortification of foods and development of evidence based policy around nutrient recommendations and their implementation.


Options:
A: % Body Fat (Boys) (Baseline and 3 years); BMI Z-score (Boys) (Baseline and three years); % Body Fat (Girls) (Baseline and 3 years); BMI Z-score (Girls) (Baseline and three years)
B: Vitamin D plasma concentrations (12 months)
C: Child anthropometry (Baseline. Up to 12 months. Up to 24 months.); Child food intake (Baseline. Up to 12 months. Up to 24 months.); Child health (Baseline. Up to 12 months. Up to 24 months.); Distribution of food intake within the household (Baseline. Up to 12 months. Up to 24 months.); Household food security (Baseline. Up to 12 months. Up to 24 months.); Maternal nutrition knowledge (Baseline. Up to 12 months. Up to 24 months.)
D: Group differences in percentage of mothers who meet breastfeeding and complementary feeding recommendations and percentage of mothers who introduce sugar sweetened beverages over time as assessed by the Child Feeding Assessment. (2 weeks - 24 months postpartum); Group differences in mean scores for infant feeding style subscales assessed using the Infant Feeding Behavior Questionnaire. (2 months-12 months postpartum); Group differences in in mean scores for toddler feeding style subscales assessed using the Toddler Feeding Behavior Questionnaire (TFBQ). (24 months postpartum); Group differences in children's fruit and vegetable intake, sugar sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption, snacks, and desserts over time. (6 and 24 months postpartum); Group differences in children's physical activity levels as assessed by accelerometry. (18 months-24 months postpartum); Group differences in children's reported physical activity, screen time and other sedentary activities over time as assessed by the Child Physical Activity Assessment. (2 weeks-24 months postpartum); Group differences in children's mean BMI z-scores over time as assessed through child weight and length measurements over time. (2 weeks-24 months postpartum)

Answer: B