Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Applicability and Efficiency of Different Approaches in Lifestyle Interventions - Lifestyle Management and Changes in Everyday Life
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness and applicability of different interventions designed for enhancing overall wellbeing. Lifestyle changes, as well as psychological and physiological health variables are assessed. The interventions are based on the principles of cognitive behavioural therapy, and delivered either face-to-face, via mobile phone application, or Internet.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with BMI \>25 will be recruited from the primary care clinics at Hines Hospital VAMC. Enrollment of patients with this BMI criteria allows comparability with other obesity behavioral treatment trials. The enrollment policy is also consistent with the 2005 VA/DoD Practice Guideline that recommends obesity treatment for all Veterans with BMI \>25.
* Male or female Veterans
* Age \>18
* With chronic pain (Numeric Rating Scale of pain intensity \[NRS-I\] \> 4 for \> 6 months prior to enrollment)
* Ready to make a weight loss effort involving diet and activity change
* Able to communicate comfortably in English.
* The primary pain complaint must be possibly related to obesity (e.g., back, knee, leg, neck, arm, or full-body pain, and not exclusively headache or cancer-related pain).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Has an active eating disorder or substance abuse disorder --Participating in another VA-funded research project -Significant cognitive or sensorimotor impairment precluding use of the PDA
* Already participating in a structured diet or exercise program or plans to begin such a program outside the study during the next year; requires use of an assistive device for mobility
* At risk for adverse cardiovascular events with moderate intensity activity
* Plans to relocate within the upcoming year
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants must be interested in the Noom app
* BMI \> 27 kg/m2
* Ages of 18 and 60 at entry to the study
* Speak English

Exclusion Criteria:

* Contraindication to smartphone use (e.g., seizures from prior smartphone use, do not own a smartphone)
* Acute suicide risk
* Pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the study
* Current Noom use
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* BMI 30-45
* Weight stable
* Own a Smartphone and be willing to install our Smartphone app
* Willing to conduct video conference calls with study staff

Exclusion Criteria:

* Enrolled in any formal weight loss program
* Taking anti-obesity medications
* Not taking medications that may cause weight gain
* Unstable medical conditions
* Diabetes requiring insulin supplementation
* Crohn's Disease
* Diagnosis of obstructive sleep apnea requiring intervention (i.e., CPAP)
* Assistive devices for mobility
* Hospitalizations for a psychiatric disorder within the past 5 years
* Cardiovascular disease symptoms while performing moderate intensity exercise
* Pregnancy, trying to get pregnant, or lactating.
* Bulimia or binge eating disorder
* Reports of active suicidal ideation
* Current substance abuse or dependence besides nicotine dependence
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Body Mass Index (BMI) 27-34.9
* Psychological Stress (3/4 or 4/4 points in General Health Questionnaire)
* Possibility to use computer and internet connection

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed severe chronic illness

  * Symptomatic cardiovascular disease
  * Type 1 or 2 diabetes
  * Severe psychiatric conditions
  * Remarkable clinical operation within past 6 months
  * Heart attack or stroke within past 6 months
  * Kidney disease requiring Dialysis
* Regular use of cortisone pills
* Eating disorder: bulimia
* Disability pension for psychological reasons
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding within the pas 6 months
* Shift work (in three shifts) or night work
* Participation in other intervention studies during the present study

Answer: D