Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Prevalence of Chronic Airway Onstruction in a Subject Population With a History of Cigarette Smoking in a Primary Care Setting
Brief Summary: This is a cross-sectional study to determine the prevalence of symptomatic airway obstruction using the LFQ as a screening tool in primary care patients with a history of cigarette smoking and to provide descriptive data of this patient population. The study design is multicenter, cross-sectional, and involves a single visit. This study is not intended to evaluate the efficacy or safety of any investigational products. Following completion of written informed consent, eligible study subjects will complete a single study visit encompassing all required study assessments. Study subjects will not receive blinded study medication for evaluations of efficacy and safety.

All eligible patients will complete a self-administered Web survey that will include the LFQ. To meet both the primary and secondary aims, all patients with LFQ ≤ 18 (current cut-off for obstruction), as well as 5% of patients who score \> 18, will be candidates for spirometric assessment. Only this subset of patients will undergo pulmonary function tests. Albuterol will be self-administered for determination of post-bronchodilator forced expiratory volume in one-second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) ratio and post-bronchodilator FEV1 percentage of predicted normal. The study will end when 800 patients have been assessed spirometrically or 3,000 patients have completed the LFQ (whichever criterion is achieved first).

Prior to implementation of the full study, a pilot study will be conducted at two of the chosen study sites to pretest the proposed study procedures.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Male or female aged 40 - 80 years inclusive
2. Has an established clinical history of COPD (defined as per the GOLD definition)
3. The subject achieves a grade of ≥1 on mMRC at Visit 1
4. A signed and dated written informed consent is obtained from the subject prior to study participation
5. The subject has a post-bronchodilator FEV1 of ≥ 30% to ≤ 80% of predicted normal
6. The subject has a post-bronchodilator FEV1 / FVC ratio \< 70%
7. The subject is a current or ex-smoker with a smoking history of \> 10 pack-years Ex-smokers are required to have stopped smoking for at least 6 months prior to visit 1. Ex-smokers who stopped smoking less than 6 months ago will be defined as current smokers.
8. QTc \< 450 msec at Visit 1; or for patients with bundle branch block QTc should be \< 480 msec.

(QTc(F) \< 450 msec, or \< 480 msec in subjects with right bundle branch block, should be confirmed by the mean of three readings or one reading) 9. ALT \< 2 x ULN and bilirubin/ALP ≤ 1.5 x ULN (\> 35% direct bilirubin) 10. A female is eligible to enter this study if she is: i) of non-childbearing potential (i.e. physiologically incapable of becoming pregnant, including any female who is post-menopausal), or ii) of child-bearing potential, but has a negative urinary pregnancy test at screening and agrees to take contraceptive precautions (including abstinence) which are adequate to prevent pregnancy during the study iii) not a nursing mother

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Has a predominant asthma (comorbid asthma is not an exclusion criteria)
2. Has a medical diagnosis of narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia or bladder neck obstruction that in the opinion of the investigator should prevent them from entering the study Note: As with other anticholinergic drugs, subjects with narrow-angle glaucoma, prostatic hyperplasia or bladder neck obstruction should only be entered into the study at the Investigator's discretion
3. Has known respiratory disorders other than COPD (e.g. lung cancer, sarcoidosis, tuberculosis or lung fibrosis)
4. Has undergone lung surgery e.g., lung transplant and/or lung volume reduction
5. Had a chest X-ray indicating diagnosis other than COPD that might interfere with the study (chest X-ray to be taken at Visit 1, if subject has not had one and/or CT image taken within 3 months of Visit 1)
6. Requires regular (daily) or long term oxygen therapy (LTOT). (LTOT is defined as ≥ 12 hours oxygen use per day)
7. Has plan to start or to change the pulmonary rehabilitation program during the study period
8. Requires regular treatment with oral, parenteral, or depot corticosteroids
9. Has serious, uncontrolled disease likely to interfere with the study (e.g. Left Ventricular failure, anaemia, renal or hepatic disease or serious psychological disorders)
10. Received any other investigational drugs within 4 weeks (or 5 half lives) prior to Visit 1
11. Has, in the opinion of the investigator, evidence of alcohol, drug or solvent abuse
12. Has a known or suspected hypersensitivity to β2-agonists, steroids, anticholinergic treatments or any components of the formulations
13. Has previously been enrolled to this study and investigational drugs has been administered
14. Is not eligible to participate this study in the opinion of the investigator/subinvestigator

The investigator must refer to the following document(s) for detailed information regarding warnings, precautions, contraindications, adverse events, and other significant data pertaining to the investigational product(s) being used in this study:

1. ADOAIR DISKUS package insert
2. Tiotropium/ HandiHaler package insert
3. Salbutamol package insert
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* COPD diagnosis
* At least 10 pack year smoking history
* Post-albuterol FEV1 greater than or equal to 40% to less than or equal to 80% of predicted normal
* An FEV1/FVC ratio of less than or equal to 0.70

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current diagnosis of asthma
* Other respiratory disorder other than COPD
* Abnormal and clinical significant ECG
* Chest x-ray clinically significant abnormality not believed to be due to COPD
* Body Mass Index of greater than or equal to 40/kg/m2
* Use of Long Term Oxygen Therapy
* Lung resection surgery
* Women pregnant or lactating at Visit 1
* Previously diagnosed cancer unless in complete remission for 2 years at Visit 1
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients aged 30 years or older
* Current or previous cigarette smoker with a history of cigarette smoking of ≥ 10 pack-years: number of pack years = (number of cigarettes per day/20) × number of years smoked) (e.g., 10 pack-years is equal to 20 cigarettes per day for 10 years, or 10 cigarettes per day for 20 years). Previous smokers are defined as those who stopped smoking at least 3 months prior to the study visit.
* Willing and able to provide written informed consent prior to study participation (on day of study visit).
* Able to read, write, and comprehend information in English.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Prior to enrollment, prospective subjects will be screened. A subject will be excluded from the study if he/she meets any of the following criteria:
* Regular use (i.e., prescribed for use on a daily basis) of the following respiratory medications within the 4 weeks prior to the study visit:

  * Ipratropium (Atrovent, ipratropium bromide)
  * Ipratropium/albuterol combinations (e.g., Combivent)
  * Tiotropium (Spiriva, tiotropium bromide)
  * Salmeterol (SEREVENT™)
  * Formoterol (Foradil)
  * Inhaled corticosteroids (e.g., FLOVENT™, BECLOVENT™, Azmacort Aerobid, Pulmicort, QVAR, Vanceril)
  * Inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting beta-agonist combinations (e.g., ADVAIR DISKUS™ , Symbicort)
  * Theophyllines (e.g., Theo-dur, Slo-Bid, Uniphyl)
  * Oral beta-agonists (e.g.,Volmax)
* Previous lung surgery, including lung transplant, lung resection, lung volume reduction surgery (e.g., lobectomy, pneumonectomy).
* A known diagnosis of a significant lung condition including lung cancer, cystic fibrosis, pulmonary fibrosis, active tuberculosis, or sarcoidosis. A previous diagnosis of an obstructive lung disease is not exclusionary-asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, alpha1-antitrypsin (A1AT) deficiency, etc.
* Current participation in a respiratory-related research study and receiving experimental medications.
* Limited ability to provide a valid informed consent due to serious uncontrolled psychiatric disease, intellectual or cognitive deficiency, poor motivation, current substance abuse (including drugs and alcohol), or other relevant condition that, in the opinion of the site principal investigator, will interfere with the subject's participation in the study.
* Pregnant females.
* Any medical or physical condition such as acute respiratory infection that would interfere with the adequate performance of spirometry.
* Participating investigator, sub-investigator, study coordinator, employee of the participating investigator, or family member of the aforementioned site staffs.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* \>=40 years of age, diagnosed COPD with symptoms \>=2 years, pre-bronchodilatory FEV1 \<=50% of PN

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current respiratory tract disorder other than COPD, history of asthma or rhinitis, significant or unstable cardiovascular disorder

Answer: C