Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effect of Three Endourological Procedures for the Management of Renal Calculi Regarding Acute Kidney Injury: a Prospective Randomized 3-arm Study.
Brief Summary: The main aim of the study is to investigate and compare the possible acute effect of standard PCNL, mini-PCNL and RIRS on renal function. Secondary aims are to investigate the efficacy (stone-free rate), safety (complication rate, long-term kidney function) and other parameters (operation, fluoroscopy and hospitalization time) concerning the 3 endourological operations (PCNL, mini- PCNL, RIRS) for the treatment of renal calculi.


Options:
A: Arm Label: PCNL Group; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: PCNL | Arm Label: mini-PCNL Group; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: mini-PCNL | Arm Label: RIRS Group; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: RIRS | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: PCNL; Assigned to Arm(s): PCNL Group | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: mini-PCNL; Assigned to Arm(s): mini-PCNL Group | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: RIRS; Assigned to Arm(s): RIRS Group
B: Arm Label: RIRS; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Retrograde intrarenal surgery | Arm Label: PCNL; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Percutaneous nephrolithotomy; Assigned to Arm(s): PCNL | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Retrograde intrarenal surgery; Assigned to Arm(s): RIRS
C: Arm Label: RIRS (retrograde intrarenal surgery); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: RIRS, Device: Rigid and flexible ureteroscope, Device: Holmium laser, Device: Basket for fragment removal, Procedure: General or spinal anesthesia, Device: X-ray | Arm Label: ESWL (extracorporeal shockwaves lithotripsy); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: ESWL, Device: Lithotripter, Drug: Intravenous pain medication, Device: X-ray, Device: Ultrasound | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: RIRS; Assigned to Arm(s): RIRS (retrograde intrarenal surgery) | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: ESWL; Assigned to Arm(s): ESWL (extracorporeal shockwaves lithotripsy) | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Rigid and flexible ureteroscope; Assigned to Arm(s): RIRS (retrograde intrarenal surgery) | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Lithotripter; Assigned to Arm(s): ESWL (extracorporeal shockwaves lithotripsy) | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Holmium laser; Assigned to Arm(s): RIRS (retrograde intrarenal surgery) | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Basket for fragment removal; Assigned to Arm(s): RIRS (retrograde intrarenal surgery) | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: General or spinal anesthesia; Assigned to Arm(s): RIRS (retrograde intrarenal surgery) | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Intravenous pain medication; Assigned to Arm(s): ESWL (extracorporeal shockwaves lithotripsy) | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: X-ray; Assigned to Arm(s): ESWL (extracorporeal shockwaves lithotripsy), RIRS (retrograde intrarenal surgery) | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Ultrasound; Assigned to Arm(s): ESWL (extracorporeal shockwaves lithotripsy)
D: Arm Label: Microperc surgery; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Microperc surgery | Arm Label: FURS; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: FURS | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Microperc surgery; Assigned to Arm(s): Microperc surgery | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: FURS; Assigned to Arm(s): FURS

Answer: A