Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Clinical and Neuropsychological Validity of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Adulthood
Brief Summary: This study aims to establish the psychometric properties of the Adult ADHD Quality of Life Scale (AAQoL) and to validate the diagnosis of adult ADHD by ADHD symptoms, other clinical psychiatric symptoms, neuropsychological functioning, social/family/occupational functioning, and intervention effect.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Investigator determined diagnosis of ADHD as defined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria with symptomatology from childhood to adulthood, symptoms present before age seven years and continue to meet full DSM-IV criteria at time of assessment
* Diagnosis confirmed by the Adult ADHD Clinical Diagnostic Scale (ACDS) at Baseline and Adult ADHD Investigator Symptom Rating Scale (AISRS) score of 24 or greater as determined by the Investigator at Baseline
* Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) Scale score of 41 to 60, inclusive, at Baseline
* Minimum weight of 100 lbs (45.4 kg) at Screening
* Negative urine drug test at the Screening and Baseline Visits when tested for drugs of abuse

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known to be non-responders to methylphenidate or other stimulants for the treatment of ADHD
* History of allergy, sensitivity or contraindication to methylphenidate or components of methylphenidate HCL extended-release tablets
* Coexisting medical condition or taking concomitant medication that would interfere with safe administration of methylphenidate in the Investigator's opinion
* Known structural cardiac abnormality
* Diagnosis of or family history of Tourette's syndrome, or motor or verbal tics
* history of seizures or a seizure disorder other than febrile seizures in childhood
* Glaucoma
* Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults with a diagnosis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) according to DSM-IV criteria
* ADHD symptoms from childhood to adulthood, with some symptoms present before age 7 years which continue to meet DSM-IV criteria at the time of assessment. (ADHD is not diagnosed if the symptoms are better accounted for by another psychiatric disorder.)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients known to be a non-responder to methylphenidate or known to have a child who is a non-responder to methylphenidate
* treated with any methylphenidate-containing medication within 1 month of starting the study
* have any clinically unstable psychiatric condition including, but not limited to the following: acute mood disorder, bipolar disorder, acute obsessive-compulsive disorder, anti-social personality disorder, borderline personality disorder
* family history of schizophrenia or affective psychosis
* patients with motor tics or a history of Tourette's syndrome, or with a substance abuse or dependence disorder, an eating disorder, or mental retardation
* using any medications which may affect the evaluation of study results
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinical diagnosis of ADHD2
* Smoked cigarettes for at least 3 months
* Currently smoking \> 10 cigarettes/day
* Have an interest in quitting
* Negative urine screen for cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates, benzodiazepines, and marijuana

Exclusion Criteria:

* Have a clinical diagnosis for current abuse or dependence for any psychoactive substance other than nicotine, depression, or anxiety; or a life-time clinical diagnosis of psychosis or bipolar disorder
* Allergic to OROS-MPH
* Pregnant or breastfeeding
* Abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG)
* Taking a Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitor
* Taking any medication used for treating either ADHD or smoking
* Use of tobacco products other than cigarettes in the past week
* Blood pressure readings greater than 135/85 and/or a heart rate more than 90 beats per minute on three consecutive clinic visits
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Case group:

Case group I: The cases with childhood ADHD diagnosis diagnosed as ADHD after interview Case group II: The cases with sufficient ADHD symptoms for diagnosis as DSM-IV ADHD at childhood but never assessed or treated for ADHD in childhood

* Control group：The subjects without the DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of ADHD or any major psychiatric disorders.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Comorbid with DSM-IV-TR diagnosis of pervasive developmental disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, other psychotic disorder, organic psychosis, schizotypal personality disorder, bipolar affective disorder, severe anxiety disorder(such as OCD, ASD or PTSD) and mental retardation.
* In the major depressive episode, comorbid with severe anxiety disorders or during substance intoxication or withdrawal at the time of evaluation.
* With neurodegenerative disorder, epilepsy, involuntary movement disorder, congenital metabolic disorder, brain tumor, history of severe head trauma, and history of craniotomy.
* With visual or hearing impairments, or motor disability which may influence the process of neuropsychological assessment.

Answer: D