Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Optimizing Cognitive Remediation Outcomes in Schizophrenia
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to drive an optimal response to neuroplasticity-based cognitive remediation in schizophrenia in order to maximize treatment response. The investigators will investigate factors that have generally been ignored in prior computer-based cognitive remediation programs-those related to social cognition-- and will delineate their relationship to motivation, functional outcome, and the neural substrates of reward anticipation and emotion processing. Current research indicates that, unless the investigators fully understand and harness these factors, the investigators will not achieve meaningful treatment gains for individuals with schizophrenia.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
* Between 18-65 years of age
* Clinically stable
* Fluent in English

Exclusion Criteria:

* Recent hospitalization, in the past 3 months
* History of traumatic brain injury
* Neurological disorders
* Inability to participate in the study soberly
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder
* Good general health
* First language is English
* Clinically stable (i.e., no inpatient hospital stays for 3 months prior to study entry; on stable doses of medication)

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of substance abuse within 6 months prior to study entry
* Neurological disorder
* Any metal in the body, or claustrophobia
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female between 18-55 years of age who meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder confirmed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Clinical trial version (SCID-CT version). Duration of illness \> 1 year. Outpatient status.
* Change in antipsychotic medication is clinically warranted as evidenced by

  * persistent psychosis despite adequate dose and duration of antipsychotic, or \* inability to achieve therapeutic dose because of dose-limiting side effects,
  * persistent side effects that either cause significant subjective distress or significantly increase medical risks, such as substantial weight gain or metabolic disturbances, or
  * patient preference to switch and treating psychiatrist is in agreement.
* No behaviors suggesting potential danger to self or others over the 6 months prior to participation.
* For the last 2 weeks of lurasidone stabilization phase, a score of 4 or less on PANSS items of conceptual disorganization, hallucinations, suspiciousness and unusual thought content items.
* At end of lurasidone stabilization phase, Simpson-Angus Scale total score \<
* At end of lurasidone stabilization phase, Calgary Depression Scale total score \<10.
* No acute medical problems; any chronic medical condition (e.g. hypertension) consistently treated and stable during the 1 month prior to participation.
* Able to provide signed informed consent and to cooperate with all study procedures.
* Able to attend twice weekly sessions (each lasting approximately 75 minutes) for cognitive remediation or active control sessions for the \~6 month duration of the cognitive remediation phase of the study.
* Must meet the following cognitive performance criteria:

  * Able to complete the baseline MATRICS validly at baseline as assessed by NP tester.
  * Raw score of 12 or greater on the WTAR (Wechsler Test of Adult Reading) at screening.
* Women who can become pregnant must be using an adequate method of contraception to avoid pregnancy throughout the study and for up to 4 weeks after the study in such a manner that the risk of pregnancy is minimized. Acceptable methods include oral, injectable or implanted contraceptives, intrauterine devices or barrier methods such as condoms, diaphragm and spermicides. Women who can become pregnant must have a negative urine pregnancy test at the Screening Visit. Women who can become pregnant include anyone who has experienced menarche and who has not undergone successful surgical sterilization (hysterectomy, bilateral tubal ligation or bilateral oophorectomy), or is not postmenopausal (defined as amenorrhea 12 consecutive months).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Documented history of learning disability.
* Hearing or visual impairment; not fluent in English.
* Current treatment with clozapine or history of treatment resistance as evidenced by failure to improve (in the judgment of the investigator) with 2 or more adequate dose antipsychotic trials of at least 6 weeks duration in preceding 1 year.
* Concomitant or anticipated treatment with potent CYP 3A4 inhibitor such a cimetidine, cyclosporine, erythromycin or erythromycin-like drugs (e.g., azithromycin, clarithromycin except short term acute treatment for 1 week or less), diltiazem, itraconazole, ketoconazole or other systemic antifungal agents in the azole class, nefazodone; or potent CYP3A4 inducer including: carbamazepine, modafinil, Phenobarbital, phenytoin, rifampin, St. Johns Wort, and troglitazone.
* Current treatment with psychotropic agents known to affect cognition such as amphetamines, topiramate.
* History of treatment with electroconvulsive therapy within the 6 months prior to participation or expectation that patient may require ECT during the study.
* History of neurological or neuropsychiatric conditions (e.g. stroke, traumatic brain injury, epilepsy, etc).
* Subjects with a history of clinically significant neurological, metabolic, hepatic, renal, hematological, pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, and/or urological disorders (e.g. unstable angina, decompensate congestive heart failure, CNS infection or history of HIV seropositivity), which would pose a risk to the patient if they were to participate in the study or that might confound the results of the study. Active medical conditions that are minor or well controlled are not exclusionary if they do not affect risk to the patient of the study results. For example, the following are not exclusionary: a) stable and well-controlled hypertension; b) asthma (no serious attacks in the past year); c) hypothyroidism (TSH within normal limits).
* A positive test for Hepatitis C antibody with concurrent evidence of impaired hepatic function (increased AST or ALT greater than 2 times the upper limit of normal) or positive tests for Hepatitis A antibody IgM fraction or Hepatitis B surface antigen, irrespective of the AST or ALT values.
* History of alcohol or substance abuse or dependence during the 6 months prior to participation.
* Participation in a clinical trial involving an investigational medication within 3 months prior to participation or 2 or more investigational drug trials in the preceding 12 months.
* Pregnant women or women of child-bearing potential who are not using adequate birth control.
* Woman who are breast feeding.
* Individuals who: a) received any cognitive remediation in the 6 months prior to study entry or b)received more than 6 hours of cognitive remediation in the 12 months prior to study entry or c) received more than 15 hours in the 24 months prior to study entry. Cognitive remediation is defined as any behavioral intervention consisting of training activities that aim to target impairments in cognitive domains of sensory processing, attention, memory, processing speed, working memory, and executive functioning.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects must be between 18 and 65 years old, inclusive, at the time of study screening
2. Subjects must have a diagnosis of schizophrenia as defined by an interview.
3. Subjects must demonstrate adequate decisional capacity, in the judgment of the consenting study staff member, to make a choice about participating in this research study.
4. Subjects must have been clinically stable (non-acute) for 8 weeks prior to consent; in the judgment of the Site Principal Investigator.
5. Subjects must have been maintained on a stable treatment of antipsychotics and/or other concomitant psychotropic treatment for at least 6 weeks prior to consent.
6. Subjects must have learned English before the age of 12 to ensure valid neuropsychological results.
7. Subjects must have the visual, auditory, and motor capacity to use the computerized intervention in the judgment of the consenting study staff person.
8. Subjects must have no more than a moderately severe rating on hallucinations and unusual thought content.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Subjects should not have had a psychiatric hospitalization in the 8 weeks prior to consent.
2. Subjects who appear to be intoxicated or under the influence of a controlled substance on any day of assessment must be rescheduled or discontinued based upon the discretion of the site staff evaluator.
3. Subjects should not have a history of mental retardation or pervasive developmental disorder; or other neurological disorder (e.g., Traumatic Brain Injury, epilepsy, Parkinson's Disease.)
4. Subjects should not have been treated within 3 years of the date of consent with a computer-based cognitive training program manufactured by Posit Science.
5. Subjects should not be participating in a concurrent clinical trial that, in the judgment of the Site Principal Investigator, could affect the outcome of this one.
6. Subjects must not show suicidal ideation or behaviors.

Answer: A