Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Clinical Efficacy of Midline Catheters for Intravenous Therapy: a Randomized, Controlled Study
Brief Summary: The study will evaluate the clinical efficacy of midline catheters compared to conventional treatment in patients with an expected intravenous therapy duration of more than 5 days. Patients will be randomized in a 1:1 ratio. The study will include 120 patient. Endpoints include insertion of CVSs, peripheral venous catheters, catheter patency and a number of possible complications.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* The patient is \>= 21 years of age
* Adult critically ill patients in CCU and MICU requiring short peripheral intravenous access
* The patient has been identified as difficult intravenous access (DIVA), defined as at least two failed blind sticks in the antecubital fossa or more distal upper arm veins
* The patient does not otherwise require a CVC

Exclusion Criteria:

* The patient has a PICC line on the same side as IV placement and has the following:

  * Has a condition poses risk for DIC, inadequate flow, or infection.
  * Has been identified as a site for "Save the Vein" protocol implementation, unless permission is otherwise obtained by the patient's physician.
  * Has a hemodialysis fistula in place on that upper arm side.
* The patient is expected to require therapeutic agent or procedure that necessitates central venous access such as:

  * central venous monitoring
  * Total Parenteral Nutrition
  * Antibiotic requiring central venous access
  * Chemotherapy
  * Vesicants
  * Medications pH less than 5 or more than 9
  * Medications of glucose concentrations above 10%
  * Solution with protein concentrations above 5% (Vascular Access Management, n.d.)
* The patient already has a central venous catheter access, for reasons other than DIVA, through which therapy can be infused
* The patient has renal disease and a "Save The Vein" order is anticipated or pending (serum creatinine \>2mg/dL and GFR \<20) for one of the patient's arms, unless permission is otherwise obtained by the patient's physician
* The patient has a bleeding disorder, unless permission is otherwise obtained by the patient's physician
* The clinician believes the patient is not a good fit for the study or that the procedure is not appropriate for patient at the given moment
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years of age or older
* peripheral venous (PIV) access line ordered by a physician during their emergency department visit.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-English or non-spanish speaking
* already enrolled in a different study during the ED visit
* too sick, patient requires intravenous access quickly and can not take the time to enroll in study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Admission to the Department of Infectious Disease or Department of Heart Disease.
* ≥18 years of age
* Expected requirement for iv. therapy \>5 days from the day of enrolment as evaluated by a specialist in infectious diseases.
* Mentally competency

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lack of patient consent
* Requirement for a CVC before study eligibility screening or anticipation of an absolute indication for CVC inserted within 24 hours of screening
* Personnel for insertion of midline catheter not available
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Hemodynamically stable patients requiring placement of an USGPIV.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Hemodynamically unstable
* Unable to consent

Answer: C