Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Nurse Managed Upper Body Strength Training in COPD
Brief Summary: This is a four month exercise training program for people with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)with a 12 month follow-up.


Options:
A: Inclusion criteria:

For COPD subjects: Male or female, age of 40 years or older, smoking history \>10 pack-years, symptomatic defined as baseline dyspnea index focal score of 9 or more and / or daily cough with production of sputum for three months per year during at least two consecutive years, diagnosis of early stage COPD according to: post-bronchodilator FEV1/FVC ratio \<70%., FEV1 \>/=50% post-bronchodilator predicted normal, and a decreased Inspiratory Capacity during exercise. For Age / Gender Matched Controls: Male or female, age of 40 years or older, nonsmoker, with no significant diseases.

Exclusion criteria:

Patients with a significant disease other than COPD; a significant disease is defined as a disease which, in the opinion of the investigator, may (i) put the patient at risk because of participation in the study, (ii) influence the results of the study, or (iii) cause concern regarding the patient's ability to participate in the study.

Patients with a history of asthma, Patients requiring the use of supplemental oxygen therapy, Patients who have a limitation of exercise performance as a result of factors other than fatigue or exertional dyspnoea, such as arthritis in the leg, angina pectoris, claudication or other conditions, or Patients with contraindications to exercise.

Note: Additional exclusion criteria for Age / Gender Matched Controls: Patients with a significant disease including COPD.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Main diagnosis for the Pulmonary Rehabilitation is an International Classification of Diseases-Code J44.- (Other chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) at all 2011 Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) Classifications A-D and stages 1-4.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Considerably reduced health status (severe concomitant disease, which will affect the results of the outcome parameters, for example, cancer or severe cardiac, neurological or orthopaedic comorbidities)
* Considerable reduction of sight and hearing
* Severe psychiatric condition as secondary diagnosis
* Lack of ability to speak German
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* COPD (FEV1\< 50%, Tiffeneau \< 70%)
* Dyspnoea on exertion and a reduced exercise capacity
* Age 75 years or less
* PaCO2 \> 6.0 kPa at rest without oxygen

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cardial/neuromuscular diseases limiting a successful rehabilitation
* Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome: apnea/hypopnea index (AHI) \> 10
* Previous exposure to chronic NIPPV
* Participation in a pulmonary rehabilitation program less than 18 months ago
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* FEV1/FVC \< 70 and FEV1 \< 80%
* \> or = 45 years of age
* Currently in stable clinical condition \[free of respiratory tract infections for at least two months prior to enrollment, no recent change in the color, consistency, or quantity of sputum, afebrile and no recent change in medical therapy\]
* Taking appropriate medications according to the GOLD standards
* Experience dyspnea with the use of their arms.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Evidence of restrictive lung disease or asthma
* Acute respiratory infection
* Taking oral corticosteroids on a regular basis
* \>3 exacerbations in the previous year
* Evidence of significant depression (Hospital Anxiety Depression Scale \>10)
* Presence of a potentially debilitating disease such as cancer, congestive heart failure, kidney disease, liver failure or cirrhosis, evidence of alcohol or drug abuse, diabetes requiring insulin therapy, musculoskeletal or degenerative nerve disease, etc.
* Presence of a condition that would make it potentially unsafe to exercise, including a history of a recent myocardial infarction, unstable angina pectoris, uncontrolled cardiac arrhythmias causing symptoms or hemodynamic compromise, severe symptomatic aortic stenosis, uncontrolled symptomatic heart failure, uncontrolled metabolic disease, abnormal response to exercise test
* Currently participating in pulmonary rehabilitation.

Answer: D