Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Impact of Nasal High-flow vs Venturi Mask Oxygen Therapy on Weaning Outcome: a Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether, as compared with the Venturi mask, a nasal, high-flow oxygenation device (Optiflow) may reduce the extubation failure rate in patients needing oxygen therapy after extubation.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age more than18 years old
* ASA status I-III
* Elective surgery performed under general anesthesia requiring endotracheal intubation
* BMI more than 40 kg/m2

Exclusion Criteria:

* Chronic respiratory disease
* SpO2 \<98% after supplementing oxygen
* Previous or anticipated difficult intubation
* Uncontrolled hypertension
* Ischemic heart disease
* Congestive heart failure
* Increased intracranial pressure
* Uncontrolled GERD
* Known allergy or contraindication to anesthesia drugs
* Nasal blockade contraindicating the use of HFNC
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Signed informed consent.
* Undergoing surgery with general anaesthesia.
* Adult, \>18 years old.
* American Society of Anesthesiology classification I-II.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Coagulation disorders or a tendency of nose bleeding
* An episode/exacerbation of congestive heart failure (CHF) that requires a change in medication, diet or hospitalization from any cause in the last 6 months
* Severe aortic stenosis or mitral stenosis;
* Cardiac surgery involving thoracotomy (e.g., coronary artery bypass graft (CABG), valve replacement surgery) in the last 6 months;
* Acute myocardial infarction in the last 6 months;
* Acute arrhythmia (including both tachycardia and bradycardia) with hemodynamic instability;
* Diagnosed COPD or current other acute or chronic lung disease requiring supplemental chronic or intermittent oxygen therapy);
* Increased intracranial pressure;
* ASA \>II;
* Mouth, nose, or throat infection;
* Fever, defined as core body temperature \> 37.5°C;
* Pregnancy, breastfeeding or positive pregnancy test;
* Emergency procedure.
* Patient with known or suspected difficult airway
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age ≥ 18 years
2. Mechanical ventilation \> 24 hours
3. Signed Informed Consent
4. Successful spontaneous breathing trial
5. PaO2/FiO2 ratio ≤ 300 (or SpO2/FiO2 ratio ≤ 300 if SpO2 is lower than 98%) within 30 min after extubation while breathing through a Venturi mask with a delivered FiO2 of 31%

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnancy
2. Presence of tracheostomy
3. Need for immediate post-extubation Non-Invasive Ventilation (\>3 consecutive failures of the spontaneous breathing trial and/or a PaCO2 \> 45 mmHg before the spontaneous breathing trial, with a respiratory rate ≥ 25/min)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults
* Medical ICU Patients
* Require endotracheal intubation
* Endotracheal intubation to be performed by Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine Fellow
* Sedation and/or neuromuscular blockade is planned for the procedure

Exclusion Criteria:

* Operators other than Pulmonary/Critical Care Medicine Fellows
* The operator predetermines that the patient requires specific intubating equipment or oxygenation technique will be required for the safe performance of the procedure

Answer: C