Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Standard vs Long IV Catheter Long-Term IV Survival Comparison
Brief Summary: In patients with difficult IV access, ultrasound-guided catheter insertion is a preferred technique. However, many peripheral catheters fail and must be replaced, adding extra pain and difficulty for the patient, and requiring more healthcare provider time to maintain. In preliminary studies, we determined that catheters which extend further into the vein have a smaller failure rate. This study will compare two lengths of catheters to see if the longer catheters have better survival in a population of patients who have difficult IV access. Patients will be randomized to receive a standard length or extra-long venous catheter, which will be monitored daily for functionality during the patient's hospital course.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* The patient is \>= 21 years of age
* Adult critically ill patients in CCU and MICU requiring short peripheral intravenous access
* The patient has been identified as difficult intravenous access (DIVA), defined as at least two failed blind sticks in the antecubital fossa or more distal upper arm veins
* The patient does not otherwise require a CVC

Exclusion Criteria:

* The patient has a PICC line on the same side as IV placement and has the following:

  * Has a condition poses risk for DIC, inadequate flow, or infection.
  * Has been identified as a site for "Save the Vein" protocol implementation, unless permission is otherwise obtained by the patient's physician.
  * Has a hemodialysis fistula in place on that upper arm side.
* The patient is expected to require therapeutic agent or procedure that necessitates central venous access such as:

  * central venous monitoring
  * Total Parenteral Nutrition
  * Antibiotic requiring central venous access
  * Chemotherapy
  * Vesicants
  * Medications pH less than 5 or more than 9
  * Medications of glucose concentrations above 10%
  * Solution with protein concentrations above 5% (Vascular Access Management, n.d.)
* The patient already has a central venous catheter access, for reasons other than DIVA, through which therapy can be infused
* The patient has renal disease and a "Save The Vein" order is anticipated or pending (serum creatinine \>2mg/dL and GFR \<20) for one of the patient's arms, unless permission is otherwise obtained by the patient's physician
* The patient has a bleeding disorder, unless permission is otherwise obtained by the patient's physician
* The clinician believes the patient is not a good fit for the study or that the procedure is not appropriate for patient at the given moment
B: Inclusion Criteria:

Age 18 years or older

Self-reported difficult IV Access Patient and any one of the following:

* Greater than 2 sticks in previous admission/hospital encounter
* History of rescue vascular access device (such as US-guided IV, PICC line, midline, or CVC)
* End-stage renal disease on dialysis
* History of IV Drug Use
* History of Sickle Cell Disease

Exclusion Criteria:

Age under 18 years old

* Voluntary withdrawal or refusal to participate
* Previous enrollment into the study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age over 18 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age \<18 years
* Patient disagreement with the insertion of peripheral venous catheter
* Disagreement of the patient with inclusion in a clinical trial
* Contraindication of ultrasound examination of the venous system
* Contraindication of the introduction of peripheral venous cannula on both upper limbs
* Necessity of securing other vein access than peripheral
* Contraindications of cannulation of peripheral vein
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years of age or older
* Difficult IV access patients after 2 failed attempts

Exclusion Criteria:

* Upper-extremity cellulitis
* Unstable and need urgent intravenous access( central line or IO).

Answer: B