Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of Virtual Reality Augmented Balance Training for Postural Control in Patients With Parkinson's Disease
Brief Summary: Background and Objective: Postural instability is common in patient with Parkinson's disease (PD). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of virtual reality (VR) balance training on sensory and cognitive domains of postural control.

Setting: Balance Performance Laboratory. Participants: A total of 42 patients (Hoehn and Yahr stage II-III) were recruited and assigned into three groups randomly.

Intervention: Participants in the virtual reality (VR) group and conventional balance training (CB) group received a 6 weeks balance training program. The control group (CG) did not receive any training.

Outcome Measures: The sensory organization tests (SOT) of computerized dynamic posturography with single and dual tasks (i.e. with backward subtraction of number) were examined pre-, post-training and follow-up. The equilibrium score (ES) and sensory ratio were measured. The verbal reaction time (VRT) was recorded.

Results: (1) Only VR significantly increased ES of SOT-6 (i.e., vestibular function at visual and somatosensory conflicting condition) post-training more than CG post-training in either single or dual task. (2) Only CB training significantly increased SOT-5 (i.e., vestibular function without visual conflict) and vestibular sensory ratio (i.e., SOT-5/SOT-1) more than CG post-training in either single or dual task. (3) (3) Neither VR nor CB training reduced VRT significantly under six sensory conditions at post-training and follow-up.

Conclusion: Both VR training and CB training can improve sensory organization for postural control by enhancing utilization of vestibular information, but VR could enhance vestibular function with conflicting proprioceptive and visual information under single and dual tasks in patients with mild to moderate PD.


Options:
A: Arm Label: I; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Multidisciplinary Care | Arm Label: II; Type: OTHER; Interventions: Other: Usual Care | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Multidisciplinary Care; Assigned to Arm(s): I | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Usual Care; Assigned to Arm(s): II
B: Arm Label: TT+VR; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: TT+VR | Arm Label: TT alone; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: TT alone | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: TT+VR; Assigned to Arm(s): TT+VR | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: TT alone; Assigned to Arm(s): TT alone
C: Arm Label: virtual reality balance training; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: balance training | Arm Label: conventional balance training; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: balance training | Arm Label: control group; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: balance training; Assigned to Arm(s): conventional balance training, virtual reality balance training
D: Arm Label: Virtual Reality Training; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Device: Balance Training with Nintendo Wii Fit | Arm Label: Physical Therapy; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Physical Therapy | Intervention Type: DEVICE; Name: Balance Training with Nintendo Wii Fit; Assigned to Arm(s): Virtual Reality Training | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Physical Therapy; Assigned to Arm(s): Physical Therapy

Answer: C