Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Healthy Child Uganda: Can Village Health Volunteers Trained in Integrated Community Case Management of Childhood Illness Improve Access to Care for Africa's Most Vulnerable Children?
Brief Summary: In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), many children die from diarrhoea, acute respiratory illness (ARI) and malaria, despite well- recognized, inexpensive and highly effective treatments, since health access and human resources are limited. Healthy Child Uganda (HCU) is a Ugandan-Canadian partnership that since 2003, has developed, implemented and evaluated a Village Health Volunteer (VHV) program in 175 rural villages. Volunteers, selected by peers, provide health education and refer sick children. Volunteer retention (94%) and significant decreases in child deaths are remarkable. Now, HCU wonders whether VHV scope can extend to provide treatment for sick children using Oral Rehydration Salts (ORS)/Zinc, antibiotics, and antimalarials. Use of lay providers in this capacity, called integrated community case management (iCCM), has been proposed as a potential inexpensive solution to SSA's human health resource crisis.

PRIMARY QUESTION: In rural southwest Uganda, can iCCM provided by lay volunteers, improve the proportion of children with diarrhoea receiving ORS/Zn, ARI receiving antibiotics, and fever/malaria receiving antimalarials? Secondary study questions consider VHV capacity to prescribe appropriate drug, dose, duration; iCCM acceptance by family, and VHV; VHV retention/motivation; program cost. Selected VHV will be iCCM trained then receive treatments for distribution. Qualitative and quantitative methods including household surveys, and focus groups will consider pre/post intervention differences and differences in control and intervention populations. A research short course and micro research grants (\~ $3000 to multidisciplinary groups pursuing relevant questions) will promote health system evaluation capacity. Lessons learned are critical as SSA countries move forward in planning for increased iCCM programming.


Options:
A: Arm Label: nothing at home level; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Arm Label: Home management of malaria; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: home/community case management | Arm Label: Home management of malaria and pneumonia; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: home/community case management | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: home/community case management; Assigned to Arm(s): Home management of malaria, Home management of malaria and pneumonia
B: Arm Label: ICCM delivered by VHT; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: ICCM delivered by VHT | Arm Label: ICCM delivered by VHT with cell phone; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: ICCM delivered by VHT, Other: ICCM delivered by VHT with Cell Phone | Arm Label: Health outcomes in communities with no ICCM; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: No intervention | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: ICCM delivered by VHT; Assigned to Arm(s): ICCM delivered by VHT, ICCM delivered by VHT with cell phone | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: ICCM delivered by VHT with Cell Phone; Assigned to Arm(s): ICCM delivered by VHT with cell phone | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: No intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Health outcomes in communities with no ICCM
C: Arm Label: Training of VHVs in iCCM; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Training of VHVs in iCCM | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Training of VHVs in iCCM; Assigned to Arm(s): Training of VHVs in iCCM
D: Arm Label: Proactive Community Case Management (ProCCM); Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Proactive Community Case Management, Other: Removal of point-of-care user fees, Other: Infrastructure improvements at primary health centre, Other: Training of primary health centre staff | Arm Label: integrated Community Case Management (iCCM); Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Integrated Community Case Management, Other: Removal of point-of-care user fees, Other: Infrastructure improvements at primary health centre, Other: Training of primary health centre staff | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Proactive Community Case Management; Assigned to Arm(s): Proactive Community Case Management (ProCCM) | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Integrated Community Case Management; Assigned to Arm(s): integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Removal of point-of-care user fees; Assigned to Arm(s): Proactive Community Case Management (ProCCM), integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Infrastructure improvements at primary health centre; Assigned to Arm(s): Proactive Community Case Management (ProCCM), integrated Community Case Management (iCCM) | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Training of primary health centre staff; Assigned to Arm(s): Proactive Community Case Management (ProCCM), integrated Community Case Management (iCCM)

Answer: B