Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to further determine whether benazepril, could safely slow the progression of renal dysfunction in non-diabetic patients with advanced renal insufficiency.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Coronary Artery Disease: Previous Myocardial infarction(\> 2 days prior to informed consent), or stable or previous unstable angina (\> 30 days prior to informed consent) with documented multivessel coronary artery disease or a positive stress test, or multivessel Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (\> 30 days prior to informed consent), or previous multivessel Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting without angina (if surgery performed \> 4 years prior to informed consent) or with recurrent angina after surgery.

Other High Risk:

1. Peripheral Arterial Disease: Previous limb bypass surgery or angioplasty or amputation, intermittent claudication on history with ankle/arm Blood Pressure ratio \< 0.8 on at least one side, or significant stenosis by angiography or non-invasive testing
2. Previous stroke
3. Transient ischemic Attack \> 7 days and \< 1 year prior to informed consent
4. Diabetes Mellitus (types I or II): with evidence of end-organ damage (retinopathy, Left ventricular hypertrophy, micro or macro albuminuria), or any evidence of previous cardiac or vascular disease.

No definite and specific indication or contraindication for any of the study treatments. Written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

A. Medication use:

1. Inability to discontinue Angiotension Converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or Angiotension 2 receptor antagonists (AIIAs).
2. Patients with known hypersensitivity or intolerance to Angiotension 2 receptor antagonists (AIIAs) or Angiotension Converting Enzyme (ACE)inhibitors.

NOTE: Patients with known intolerance to Angiotension Converting Enzyme inhibitor intolerance ( ACE-I) can be enrolled in the TRANSCEND study.

B. Cardiovascular disease:

1. Symptomatic congestive heart failure.
2. Hemodynamically significant primary valvular or outflow tract obstruction (e.g. aortic or mitral valve stenosis, asymmetric septal hypertrophy, malfunctioning prosthetic valve).
3. Constrictive pericarditis.
4. Complex congenital heart disease.
5. Syncopal episodes of unknown etiology \< 3 months before informed consent.
6. Planned cardiac surgery or angioplasty within three months.
7. Uncontrolled hypertension on treatment (i.e.Blood pressure ( BP) \> 160/100).
8. Heart transplant recipient.
9. Strokes due to subarachnoid hemorrhage

C. Other conditions:

1. Significant renal disease defined as:

   1. Renal artery stenosis;
   2. Creatinine clearance \< 0.6 ml/min or serum creatinine \> 265 umol/L (\> 3.0 mg/dL);
   3. Hyperkalemia: potassium \> 5.5 mmol/L.
   4. Proteinuria\* (for TRANSCEND only).
2. Hepatic dysfunction as defined by the following laboratory parameters: Serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase( SGPT) Alaninaminotransferase (ALT) or Serum Glutamic Oxaloacetic Transaminase (SGOT) Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) \> than 4 times upper limit of normal or additional criteria for hepatic impairment the upper limit of normal range, total Bilirubin \> 20 umol/L, biliary obstructive disorders.
3. Uncorrected volume depletion or sodium depletion.
4. Primary aldosteronism.
5. Hereditary fructose intolerance.
6. Any other major non-cardiac illness expected to reduce life expectancy or interfere with study participation.
7. Patient is simultaneously taking another experimental drug.
8. Patient with significant disability that precludes regular attendance at clinic for follow-up.
9. Patient has sufficient disability or other incapacity that precludes regular attendance at clinic for follow-up.
10. Unable or unwilling to provide written informed consent.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Creatinine: 150-350 micromol/L
* Blood pressure \> 110 systolic
* Negative pregnancy test for fertile women
* Written and oral informed consent from the patient

Exclusion Criteria:

* Treatment with both ACE-inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin receptor blockers
* Pregnancy or breastfeeding
* Treatment with immunosuppressive medication, steroids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
* Serious chronic heart failure (New York Heart Association \[NYHA\] III-IV)
* Chronic liver disease
* Suspicion or verified kidney artery stenosis
* Cardiac arrhythmia and/or implanted pacemaker
* Myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular incidence within the last 3 months
* Allergy towards ACE-I or angiotensin receptor blockers
* Amputation of a whole extremity or the crural or femoral part of the leg
* Dementia or a psychological condition that makes understanding of the examination conditions impossible
* Dialysis or renal transplantation
* Treatment with aldosterone antagonists
* Hyperkalemia \> 5.5 mmol/l
* Another serious chronic non-renal disease
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age between 18 and 80 years
* Patients with signs and/or symptoms of heart failure NYHA II, III or IV, with echocardiographic diagnosis of HFrEF..
* Moderate impairment of renal functions, assessed by measuring serum creatinine levels then estimating the glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) by Cockroft-Gold equation to be (60-40 ml/min/m2).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Refusal to participate in the study.
* Known allergy to enalapril/telmisartan components.
* Pregnant and lactating ladies.
* Severe renal impairment defined as eGFR\<30ml/min/m2 at time of enrollment to the study.
* Known cases of bilateral severe renal artery stenosis.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. serum creatinine concentration 1.5-5.0 mg/dL (133-442 µmol/L)
2. creatinine clearance 20 to70 mL/min/1.73 m2, with variations of less than 30 percent in the three months before the screening evaluation
3. non-diabetic renal disease
4. persistent proteinuria (defined as urinary protein excretion greater than 0.3 g/day for three or more months without evidence of urinary-tract infection or overt heart failure \[New York Heart Association class III-IV\]).

Exclusion Criteria:

* immediate need for dialysis; treatment with corticosteroids, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs or immunosuppressive drugs; renovascular disease; myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident in the year preceding the trial; connective-tissue disease; obstructive uropathy.

Answer: D