Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Testing the Effect of Mobile Conditional Cash Transfers (mCCTs) of Different Schedules and Amounts on Routine Childhood Immunization Coverage and Timeliness in Pakistan: A Randomized Control Trial.
Brief Summary: Like many developing countries, Pakistan faces a public health challenge of low and incomplete immunization rates of children, only 54% of children aged 12 to 24 months are fully immunized, which leaves children susceptible to vaccine-preventable diseases. The Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is a low-cost and effective health intervention, but the uptake is low, delayed, and completion rates are poor.

Door-to-door campaigns can increase coverage, but are extremely expensive. Incentive-based approaches have been rigorously demonstrated to effectively increase take-up and completion rates of immunization, and there is substantial evidence that small incentives can have a large impact on the take up of preventative health behavior in general. There are two major constraints to scaling these findings, however.

This study will attempt to find the most effective incentive design that helps increase the coverage of full immunization rates among children between the ages of 0 - 24 months in the city of Karachi, Pakistan. The study proposes to conduct a randomized control trial involving small conditional cash transfers (mCCTs) to determine the optimal CCT amount (high versus low), schedule (flat versus increasing) and design (lottery versus sure payment) that would lead to the highest increase in immunization rates. Interactive Research and Development's digital immunization registry will be used to enrol and randomize the study participants and generate CCTs disbursed through a mobile money transfer platform and mobile top - ups . The three year study will be conducted in Karachi, Pakistan enrolling a sample of 11,200 children, 0-2 years of age.

The study aims to provide evidence regarding the most cost-effective way to structure incentives in terms of size, schedule, and design; and address the challenge of delivering small incentives in a way that is inexpensive, logistically simple, and not subject to leakage.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

A household will be defined as vulnerable and thereby eligible for inclusion in the programme if there are children \<18 years resident in the household at baseline AND

* household is in the poorest quintile of households (20%) at baseline OR
* household contains one or more orphans at baseline OR
* the household head is under 18 years of age at baseline OR
* household contains a chronically ill member OR
* household contains a disabled member

A household will be defined as individuals that live within the same homestead and eat from the same pot.

Exclusion Criteria:

Households already receiving cash transfers for orphans or vulnerable children (OVC) will not be eligible to enroll in the pilot programme.

During the trial, households that do not qualify at baseline but whose conditions later change such that they become eligible to participate in the pilot will not be able to enroll.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children between 0 - 23 months of age visiting the EPI center for BCG/OPV-0 or Pentavalent-1/Polio-1/PCV-1 or Pentavalent-2/Polio-2/PCV-2 vaccination.
* Children permanently residing within Korangi Town, Karachi and planto remain there for the next three years.
* Caregiver accompanying the child can provide a valid mobile phone number at the time of enrolment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children visiting the EPI center for Pentavalent-2 or Measles-1 or Measles 2
* Children born out of multiple births i.e twins or triplets
* Children not residing or planning to move out of Korangi in the next three years
* Children accompanied by caregivers unable to provide a phone number
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Known or recently diagnosed HIV-positive in ANC or; Tested HIV-negative at ANC
* Plans to deliver in facility catchment area
* 18 years or older
* Able and willing to provide consent

Exclusion Criteria:

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D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Child is visiting the center for BCG or Pentavalent-1/Polio-1/PCV-1 vaccination.
2. Child is healthy
3. Child's caregiver has been a resident of study area for more than 6 months
4. Child is accompanied by a primary caregiver (mother and/or father)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Child's age is more than 3 months. The average age of children for Penta-1 vaccine visit in Pakistan is 2.2 months (approximately 10 weeks). Children older than 3 weeks will be excluded on account of exceeding the average age for Penta-1 administration.
2. Parents plan to go to a different center for completing the vaccination course

Answer: B