Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: The Effects of Oily Fish in Pregnancy on Markers and Manifestations of Allergic Diseases in Infants at Risk of Atopy
Brief Summary: The number of infants and children with allergic disease (dermatitis, allergies, asthma) has increased over the last several decades. This may be related to changes in diet. It is now thought that children become sensitised to allergens very early in life maybe even before they are born. Some studies show that a high omega-3 fat intake by mothers decreases risk of sensitisation in their babies. There is a biological mechanism to explain this. Omega-3 fats are found in oily fish like salmon. In the UK pregnant women are recommended to eat oily fish twice per week. However, consumption of oily fish is known to be low in pregnant women in the UK. This study sets out to identify the effects of increasing salmon intake in pregnant women. The hypothesis being investigated is that : increased consumption of oily fish during pregnancy by women at risk of having offspring who will develop atopy will increase their omega-3 fat and antioxidant status and that of their developing baby and will ameliorate the development of atopic markers and manifestations in the infants.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. pregnant women aged 20 years or older
2. between 12-24 weeks gestation
3. a Japanese conversational ability in Japan site or a Mandarin conversational ability in Taiwan site to understand the scope of the present trial and to provide written consent for study participation
4. planned to take assessments after childbirth
5. an Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) score is 9 or more
6. to have good physical health judged by obstetricians.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. history and current suspicion of psychosis or bipolar I disorder or substance-related disorder or eating disorder or personality disorder
2. Serious psychiatric symptoms such as self-harm behavior or in need of rapid psychiatric treatment
3. difficult to expect a normal birth (ex: fetal malformation etc.)
4. having a history of bleeding disorder such as von Willebrand's Disease
5. regular treatment with aspirin or warfarin within the last 3 months
6. a smoking habit of ≥40 cigarettes per day
7. regular treatment with ethyl icosapentate or regular consumption of omega-3 PUFA supplements within the last 3 months
8. a habit of eating fish as a main dish ≥4 times per week.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Documented history of previous singleton spontaneous birth
* Singleton pregnancy
* Gestational age at randomization between 16 and 22 weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* Major fetal anomaly or demise
* Regular intake of fish oil supplements
* Daily use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents
* Allergy to fish or fish products
* Gluten intolerant
* Heparin use or known thrombophilia
* Hemophilia
* Planned termination
* Current hypertension or current use of antihypertensive medications
* Type D, F or R diabetes
* Maternal medical complications
* Current or planned cerclage
* Illicit drug or alcohol abuse during current pregnancy
* Delivery at a non-Network hospital
* Participation in another pregnancy intervention study
* Participation in this trial in a previous pregnancy
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnant women before 19 weeks gestation, with healthy uncomplicated singleton pregnancies, but whose babies are at risk of atopy (i.e. one or more first degree relatives affected).
2. Not habitual consumers of oily fish (\< 2 portions of oily fish per month excluding tinned tuna).
3. Not using fish oil supplements (currently or in the last 3 months)
4. Age 18-40 y.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Habitual consumer of oily fish (\> 2 portions of oily fish per month excluding tinned tuna).
2. Use of fish oil supplements within the previous 3 months.
3. Not willing for essential identifiable information being stored for tracking purposes.
4. Participation in another research study.
5. Known diabetic and/or other auto-immune disease, e.g. SLE, MS, Thyroid Disease.
6. Adults with learning disabilities.
7. Adults who have a terminal illness.
8. Adults with mental health problems.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Willing, healthy singleton gestation of ≤ 20 weeks (scan report must)
* 18-35 years
* Hb \> 7 g/dL
* Non-fasting glucose as per Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) criteria (\<140mg/dL)
* No history of chronic diseases (heart disease, diabetes, liver disorders, cancer, epilepsy, HIV, thyroid) or
* High risk pregnancy (short stature\*\*, molar pregnancy++, HBsAg positive, as advised by physicians)

  * \<143 cm ++ A molar pregnancy starts when an egg is fertilized, but instead of a normal, viable pregnancy resulting, the placenta develops into an abnormal mass of cysts.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women allergic (if aware) to any of the test products.
* Women at high risk for hemorrhagic bleeding, clotting (if aware).
* Women with high-risk pregnancies (history and prevalence of pregnancy complications, including abruptio placentae, preeclampsia, pregnancy-induced hypertension, any serious bleeding episode in the current pregnancy, and/ or physician referral); and/or diagnosed chronic degenerative disease(s) such as diagnosed heart disease, cancer, stroke or diabetes (as omega-3 could raise blood sugar and lower insulin production).
* Women consuming omega-3 supplements or having used these in 3 months preceding the intervention period.
* Reported participation in another biomedical trial 3 months before the start of the study or during the study (not to get the results of the present study contaminated).

Answer: C