Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Functional Behavior-based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Obsessive Compulsive Behavior in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Individuals with high functioning autism spectrum disorder (ASD) frequently experience obsessions and/or compulsions that are similar to those specified in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) criteria for obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD). However, little research exists on effective interventions for OCD symptoms (referred to as OCBs) in ASD. In a randomized controlled trial, a manualized functional behavior-based cognitive-behavior therapy (Fb-CBT) consisting of traditional CBT components (psychoeducation and mapping, cognitive-behavioral skills training, exposure, and response prevention) as well as function-based behavioral assessment will be evaluated. Participants will be assigned randomly to Fb-CBT or treatment as usual (TAU). Primary and secondary outcome measures will be used to evaluate the efficacy of the treatment, and will be administered at pre and post-intervention as well as six month follow-up.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Child is between the ages 7-13 years at consent/assent.
* The child meets criteria for ASD.
* The child meets criteria for clinically significant anxiety and/or OCD symptoms.
* Anxiety and/or OCD is the primary presenting problem.
* One parent/guardian is able and willing to participate.
* The child has a Full Scale and Verbal Comprehension Intelligence Quotient \>70.
* The child is able to communicate verbally.
* Participants must reside in Texas and parents must be in the state of Texas when taking calls.

Exclusion Criteria:

* The child has a diagnosis of lifetime DSM-5 bipolar disorder, psychotic disorder, and/or intellectual disability.
* The child has severe current suicidal/homicidal ideation and/or self-injury requiring medical intervention.
* The child is receiving concurrent psychotherapy for anxiety.
* Initiation of a psychotropic medication less than 4 weeks prior to study enrollment or a stimulant/psychoactive medication less than 2 weeks prior to study enrollment.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Previous diagnosis of ASD
* Presence of OCBs as defined by Sameness, Ritualistic and Compulsive subscales on the RBS-R
* a Full Scale IQ (WISC-IV; Wechsler, 2004) ≥ 70
* parent indicated no planned change in child medication during the study (unless the physician deemed the change medically necessary)

Exclusion Criteria:

* participation in treatment for anxiety
* participation in treatment for repetitive behaviour
* participation in treatment for intensive behavioural intervention
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* 7 - 11 years of age
* Meet research criteria for a diagnosis of Asperger Syndrome or PDD-NOS
* Meet DSM-IV criteria for one of the following anxiety disorders: Separation Anxiety Disorder, Social Phobia, Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder
* If taking medication, have maintained a stable dose for 1 month prior to baseline assessment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Child has an IQ of less than 70
* Begin taking new medication(s) or current medication dose changes either (1) less than 1 month prior to baseline assessment, or (2) during the study period
* For any reason the child or parents appear unable to participate in the treatment program
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Outpatient adolescents with ASD (see below) between the ages 11-14 years.
* Meets criteria for a diagnosis of autism, Asperger syndrome (AS), or Pervasive Developmental Disorder Not Otherwise Specified .
* Meets criteria for a diagnosis of one of the following anxiety disorders: separation anxiety disorder (SAD), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobia, or obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD).
* Child has a Full Scale and Verbal Comprehension IQ≥85.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Receiving concurrent psychotherapy, social skills training, or behavioral interventions (e.g., applied behavior analysis). Families will have the option of discontinuing such services to enroll in the study.
* Has started an antidepressant within 12 weeks before study enrollment or an antipsychotic 6 weeks before study enrollment.
* Has changed established psychotropic medications (e.g., antidepressants, anxioloytics) within 8 weeks before study enrollment (6 weeks for antipsychotic).
* Is currently suicidal or has been actively suicidal in the last 6 months.
* Has been diagnosed with bipolar, schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorders; or Substance abuse in past 6 months.
* Presence of a significant and/or unstable medical illness which might lead to hospitalization during the study.

Answer: B