Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized Trial of an Interdisciplinary Communication Intervention to Improve Patient and Family Outcomes in the Intensive Care Unit
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to improve care in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) by focusing on communication with family members of patients who are too sick to make decisions about their own care while they are in the ICU. The randomized trial will test the efficacy of a communication intervention designed to improve communication between families and clinicians through the use of a facilitator. Outcome evaluation occurs at the level of the individual family with surveys completed by families and clinicians.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients, family members, clinicians attending ICU family conferences, and nurses evaluating the quality of care.
* All ICU patients are eligible if they meet the age criteria, have been in the ICU for at least 12 hours, have acute respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation at the time of enrollment, and have an APACHE II score/SOFA score or other diagnosis that predicts a 30-50% or greater risk of mortality.
* Eligible family members and/or friends may include any of the following: legal guardians, durable power of attorney for healthcare, spouses, adult children, parents, siblings, domestic partners, other relatives, and friends; if they meet the age criteria, and understand English well enough to complete informed consent and study materials.
* Eligible clinicians include those who are present during a family conference and may include physicians, nurses, nurse practitioners, physician assistants, social workers, respiratory therapists, and clergy.
* All critical care nurses are eligible to participate in the evaluation if they have provided care to a patient on or before the shift in which he or she died or was discharged from the ICU.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Legal or risk management concerns (as determined by the attending physician or via hospital record designation);
* Psychological illness or morbidity; and
* Physical or mental limitations preventing ability to complete questionnaires.
* Patients will be excluded if they do not have at least one family member who is eligible and willing to participate in the study.
* A patient who is readmitted to the ICU, if the patient was enrolled and discharged previously, will not be eligible.
* Post-operative patients who have been admitted to the ICU after a scheduled surgery without complications will be excluded. These patients may meet other eligibility criteria (ventilation, APACHE scores, etc.) within the first 12 to 48 hours of admission, but will usually improve quite rapidly after that period.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Operating room (OR) nurses from St. Michael's Hospital and University of Toronto Anesthesia and Surgery Residents/Fellows

Exclusion Criteria:

* OR nurses from other hospitals and Residents/Fellows from other programs
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of Chronic Heart Failure;
* low health status.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cognitive/psychiatric impairment (inability to complete questionnaires);
* nursing home resident;
* irreversible non-cardiac medical condition likely to affect 6-month survival or ability to execute study protocol;
* prior heart transplantation.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Discharge from medical service
* LACE score greater than or equal to 10
* Age greater than or equal or 18
* Resident in Toronto Central Local Health Integration Network catchment area
* Patient or designate able to speak English well enough for follow up telephone calls

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previously enrolled in study
* Discharged to a rehabilitation or complex continuing care facility

Answer: A