Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Efficacy of Epidural Etanercept in the Treatment of Sciatica
Brief Summary: Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha has been strongly implicated as a major contributing factor for the development of radiculopathy. In animal studies, the application of TNF-alpha to nerve roots results in pain behavior indicative of radiculopathy. The use of TNF-alpha inhibitors (etanercept and infliximab) have been shown to prevent this pain behavior. Open-label studies in humans have shown both etanercept and infliximab provide excellent, long-term relief in patients with acute radiculopathy from herniated disc. However, a recent placebo-controlled study failed to demonstrate any significant difference from placebo. The investigators have already established the safety of neuraxial etanercept in a trial that has just been completed (not yet published). The objective of this study is to determine whether small doses of epidural etanercept, an anti-TNF-a medication, is an effective treatment for LBP caused by nerve root irritation (i.e., radiculopathy).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Definitive diagnosis of Crohn's disease confirmed (at least 3 months prior to study entry) either by radiological, endoscopic or histological evidence, affecting the terminal ileum (L1), colon (L2) or ileocolon (L3\*. \*Vienna Classification (1998)
* Active Crohn's disease (≥ 220 and ≤ 450) scored over the 7 days prior to the first dose of study drug.
* Male and female aged 18 years or above at screening.
* Patients who meet all concomitant medication criteria in the protocol specified table. For all drugs being taken at screening, the patient should be able to remain on a stable dose throughout the duration of the study, although steroids may be tapered starting at Weeks 8 to 12.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Crohn's Disease Related
* Fistula abscess present at screening.
* Stricturing type disease with symptoms or signs of non-inflammatory mechanical obstruction or bowel perforation in last 3 months.
* Short bowel syndrome.
* Functional colostomy or ileostomy (note: patients who have had a temporary stoma in the past, which has been reversed, are eligible to enter the study).
* Positive stool laboratory results for enteric pathogens.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Physician diagnosis of asthma for greater than or equal to 3 years and a diagnosis of severe persistent asthma forgreater than or equal to 1 year prior to screening
* Continuous treatment with high dose Inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long acting beta-agonist for at least 3 months prior to screening
* Have evidence of at least 1 of the following in the 5 years prior to screening or during screening, reversible airway obstruction greater than or equal to 12 percentage change in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) postbronchodilator; Diurnal variation in peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR) greater than or equal to 30 percentage change) and airway hyperresponsiveness
* Estimated frequency of symptoms on more than one-third of days for at least 3 months prior to screening (eg, wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, cough, nocturnal awakening) despite treatment with high dose ICS and long-acting β2-agonist (LABA), with or without continuous oral corticosteroids
* Score of greater than or equal to 2 points on the asthma control questionnaire at screening.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmoanry disease (COPD), cystic fibrosis, or other significant respiratory disorder
* Worsening of asthma symptoms that required treatment with an addition or increase in oral corticosteroids dose (steroid burst) in the 4-week period prior to the screening visit
* Life-threatening asthma attack requiring cardiopulmonary support (eg, intubation) in the 6-month period prior to screening
* Have ever used alkylating agents (eg, chlorambucil or cyclophosphamide)
* Concomitant diagnosis or any history of congestive heart failure (CHF), including medically controlled CHF.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Between the ages of 8 and 45 years
* Within 3 months of diagnosis of type 1 diabetes
* Have presence of at least one diabetes-related autoantibody
* Must have stimulated C-peptide levels of at least 0.2 pmol/ml measured during a mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) within one month of randomization
* If female with reproductive potential, willing to avoid pregnancy and undergo pregnancy testing while participating in the study
* Have not received an immunization for at least one month
* Must be willing to comply with intensive diabetes management
* Must weigh at least 25 kg at study entry

Exclusion Criteria:

* Are immunodeficient or have clinically significant chronic lymphopenia
* Have an active infection or positive purified protein derivative (PPD) test result
* Currently pregnant or lactating; or anticipate becoming pregnant.
* Require chronic use of steroids
* Have current or past HIV, hepatitis B, or hepatitis C infection
* Have any complicating medical issues that interfere with study conduct or cause increased risk
* Have a history of malignancies
* Currently using non-insulin pharmaceuticals that effect glycemic control
* Currently participating in another type 1 diabetes treatment study
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Chronic low back pain of radicular origin of \> 2 months but \< 1 year duration.
2. Failure of conservative therapy to include physical and pharmacotherapy.
3. MRI evidence of a herniated disc corresponding to the patient's radicular symptoms.
4. Normal white blood cell count (drawn in 1 blood vial).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Uncontrolled coagulopathy.
2. Pregnancy, which will be ruled out by a urine pregnancy test if any question as to the patient's status exists.
3. Allergy to contrast dye.
4. Unstable medical condition (e.g., unstable angina or congestive heart failure).
5. Rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease or spondylarthropathy.
6. Unstable neurological condition (e.g., multiple sclerosis)
7. Systemic infection
8. Age \< 18 or \> 70 years.

Answer: D