Please select the outcome measures that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Double Blind, Double Dummy, Multicenter Trial Comparing Electronic Cigarettes With Nicotine to Varenicline and to Electronic Cigarettes Without Nicotine.
Brief Summary: Background:

Electronic cigarettes (EC) mainly containing nicotine (88-95 % of users) are widely and growingly used worldwide. It is estimated that there were 1.7 million daily users in France in 2016. Although the number of publications about its use is increasing exponentially, there are no evidence based, unbiased, head-to-head comparison data about its efficacy as an aid to smoking cessation. As of today, only two head-to-head randomized studies have been published, both reported negative results at the main endpoint but they used first and second generation EC delivering nicotine with low or unknown bioavailability. Recent EC deliver nicotine with largely improved bioavailability.

One of the randomized studies compared EC with and without nicotine to nicotine patch and reported similar smoking cessation rate at main outcome. However, there is no published, double blind study comparing EC use with a well-studied, licensed smoking cessation medication.

Superiority of EC with nicotine compared to EC without nicotine and to a reference smoking cessation medication while collecting also straightforward information about safety, would allow proposing EC with nicotine to the large population of smokers who intend to quit and situate it among the approved smoking cessation treatments.

The clinical study's hypothesis:

EC containing nicotine can be considered as a nicotine replacement therapy having, probably, a better bioavailability of nicotine than the marketed pharmaceutical NRTs, first line medications of smoking cessation. It is therefore of interest to compare EC containing nicotine to EC without nicotine but also to a reference medication with demonstrated efficacy in smoking cessation. We hypothesize that EC with nicotine provides a higher smoking abstinence rate than EC without nicotine and may be as good as varenicline, our reference medication.


Options:
A: Number of Subjects With Four Week Continuous Quit Rate (CQR) (Week 9 through Week 12)
B: Number of Participants With 4-week Continuous Abstinence (Weeks 9 through 12)
C: Change From Baseline in the Profile of Mood States (POMS): Total Mood Disturbance (TMD) (Baseline A (Week 0) to Week 2 (Period AB), Week 4 (Period AC), Week 12 or relapse (Period AD), and Week 12 (Period AE). Baseline B (Week 2) to Week 4 (Period BC), Week 12 or relapse (Period BD), and Week 12 (Period BE).); Change From Baseline in the Profile of Mood States (POMS): Tension-Anxiety Subscale (Baseline A (Week 0) to Week 2 (Period AB), Week 4 (Period AC), Week 12 or relapse (Period AD), and Week 12 (Period AE). Baseline B (Week 2) to Week 4 (Period BC), Week 12 or relapse (Period BD), and Week 12 (Period BE).); Change From Baseline in the Profile of Mood States (POMS): Depression-Dejection Subscale (Baseline A (Week 0) to Week 2 (Period AB), Week 4 (Period AC), Week 12 or relapse (Period AD), and Week 12 (Period AE). Baseline B (Week 2) to Week 4 (Period BC), Week 12 or relapse (Period BD), and Week 12 (Period BE).); Change From Baseline in the Profile of Mood States (POMS): Anger-Hostility Subscale (Baseline A (Week 0) to Week 2 (Period AB), Week 4 (Period AC), Week 12 or relapse (Period AD), and Week 12 (Period AE). Baseline B (Week 2) to Week 4 (Period BC), Week 12 or relapse (Period BD), and Week 12 (Period BE).); Change From Baseline in the Profile of Mood States (POMS): Vigor Subscale (Baseline A (Week 0) to Week 2 (Period AB), Week 4 (Period AC), Week 12 or relapse (Period AD), and Week 12 (Period AE). Baseline B (Week 2) to Week 4 (Period BC), Week 12 or relapse (Period BD), and Week 12 (Period BE).); Change From Baseline in the Profile of Mood States (POMS): Fatigue Subscale (Baseline A (Week 0) to Week 2 (Period AB), Week 4 (Period AC), Week 12 or relapse (Period AD), and Week 12 (Period AE). Baseline B (Week 2) to Week 4 (Period BC), Week 12 or relapse (Period BD), and Week 12 (Period BE).); Change From Baseline in the Profile of Mood States (POMS): Confusion Subscale (Baseline A (Week 0) to Week 2 (Period AB), Week 4 (Period AC), Week 12 or relapse (Period AD), and Week 12 (Period AE). Baseline B (Week 2) to Week 4 (Period BC), Week 12 or relapse (Period BD), and Week 12 (Period BE).); Change From Baseline in the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS): Total Score (Baseline A (Week 0) to Week 2 (Period AB), Week 4 (Period AC), Week 12 or relapse (Period AD), and Week 12 (Period AE). Baseline B (Week 2) to Week 4 (Period BC), Week 12 or relapse (Period BD), and Week 12 (Period BE).); Change From Baseline in the Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A): Total Score (Baseline A (Week 0) to Week 2 (Period AB), Week 4 (Period AC), Week 12 or relapse (Period AD), and Week 12 (Period AE). Baseline B (Week 2) to Week 4 (Period BC), Week 12 or relapse (Period BD), and Week 12 (Period BE).); Change From Baseline in the Overt Aggression Scale (Modified) (OAS-m): Aggression Total Score (Baseline A (Week 0) to Week 2 (Period AB), Week 4 (Period AC), Week 12 or relapse (Period AD), and Week 12 (Period AE). Baseline B (Week 2) to Week 4 (Period BC), Week 12 or relapse (Period BD), and Week 12 (Period BE).); Change From Baseline in the Overt Aggression Scale (Modified) (OAS-m): Irritability Total Score (Baseline A (Week 0) to Week 2 (Period AB), Week 4 (Period AC), Week 12 or relapse (Period AD), and Week 12 (Period AE). Baseline B (Week 2) to Week 4 (Period BC), Week 12 or relapse (Period BD), and Week 12 (Period BE).); Change From Baseline in the Overt Aggression Scale (Modified) (OAS-m): Suicidality Total Score (Baseline A (Week 0) to Week 2 (Period AB), Week 4 (Period AC), Week 12 or relapse (Period AD), and Week 12 (Period AE). Baseline B (Week 2) to Week 4 (Period BC), Week 12 or relapse (Period BD), and Week 12 (Period BE).); Change From Baseline in the Social Dysfunction and Aggression Scale (SDAS): Total Score (Baseline B (Week 2) to Week 4 (Period BC)); Change From Baseline in the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale - Version 11 (BIS-11): Total Score (Baseline A (Week 0) to Week 2 (Period AB), Week 4 (Period AC), Week 12 or relapse (Period AD), and Week 12 (Period AE). Baseline B (Week 2) to Week 4 (Period BC), Week 12 or relapse (Period BD), and Week 12 (Period BE).)
D: Continuous smoking abstinence rate (Weeks 9 to 12)

Answer: D