Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Reduction of Pain Following Laparoscopic Surgery: A Double Blind Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial.
Brief Summary: Shoulder tip and abdominal pain following laparoscopic procedures are well recognized as causes of post-operative morbidity. This prospective, double-blind, randomized controlled trial attempts to reduce post-operative pain in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery by implementing a simple intra-operative technique.

Patients who undergo elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder disease or laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair will be recruited to the trial. Patients will be randomized to either the current standard (control group) or to receive an intervention to remove residual CO2. In the intervention group the pneumo-peritoneum will be removed, at the end of the operation, by placing the patient in the Trendelenburg position and utilising a pulmonary recruitment maneuver consisting of two manual inflations to a maximum pressure of 60 cm H2O. In the control group residual pneumo-peritoneum will be evacuated at the end of the procedure by passive decompression via the open operative ports.


Options:
A: Arm Label: pulmonary recruitment maneuver; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Pulmonary recruitment maneuver | Arm Label: intraperitoneal normal saline; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Intraperitoneal normal saline | Arm Label: Control group; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Procedure: Control group | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Pulmonary recruitment maneuver; Assigned to Arm(s): pulmonary recruitment maneuver | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Intraperitoneal normal saline; Assigned to Arm(s): intraperitoneal normal saline | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Control group; Assigned to Arm(s): Control group
B: Arm Label: intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: intervention | Arm Label: control arm; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): intervention
C: Arm Label: Deep neuromuscular blockade; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Rocuronium | Arm Label: Moderate neuromuscular blockade; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: placebo | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Rocuronium; Assigned to Arm(s): Deep neuromuscular blockade | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: placebo; Assigned to Arm(s): Moderate neuromuscular blockade
D: Arm Label: instillation of normal saline 50ml under the diaphragm; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: normal saline | Arm Label: the instillation of 0.5% bupivacaine under the diaphragm; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine | Arm Label: CO2 removal by means of a pulmonary recruitment maneuver; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: CO2 removal by means of a pulmonary recruitment maneuver | Arm Label: the instillation of bupivacaine + CO2 removal by maneuver; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Procedure: Intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine +CO2 removal by means of a pulmonary recruitment maneuver | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine; Assigned to Arm(s): the instillation of 0.5% bupivacaine under the diaphragm | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: CO2 removal by means of a pulmonary recruitment maneuver; Assigned to Arm(s): CO2 removal by means of a pulmonary recruitment maneuver | Intervention Type: PROCEDURE; Name: Intraperitoneal instillation of bupivacaine +CO2 removal by means of a pulmonary recruitment maneuver; Assigned to Arm(s): the instillation of bupivacaine + CO2 removal by maneuver | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: normal saline; Assigned to Arm(s): instillation of normal saline 50ml under the diaphragm

Answer: B