Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: mActive: A Blinded, Randomized mHealth Trial of Digital Activity Tracking and Smart Texting to Promote Physical Activity
Brief Summary: Despite their importance, health-related behaviors are hard to change. Among behaviors, physical activity is associated with protection from multiple diseases. People who are physically active have lower risk for heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, depression, and some cancers with associated dose-dependent reductions in cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. However, most US adults do not meet CDC physical activity guidelines. Sedentary work behavior in industrialized nations is likely a contributor to this problem.

Current low-technology strategies for encouraging lifestyle change are disappointingly ineffective and are highly resource intensive. Systematic reviews of the literature show mixed evidence for using activity trackers (i.e., pedometers) and a limited body of evidence for text messaging in preventive health care. However, prior studies have not integrated digital activity tracking with mobile phone text messaging feedback.

Given 91% of adults in the United States now use a mobile phone, and 56% a smartphone, this represents a potentially widely applicable avenue for therapeutic intervention. There is growing interest in leveraging mobile health (mHealth) technologies to improve health behaviors in the general population. The investigators propose to conduct a blinded, randomized mHealth trial of digital activity tracking and smart texting to promote physical activity.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Full-time employees living in Singapore
* Aged between 21-65

Exclusion Criteria:

* report difficulty doing 10 minutes of aerobic activities without stopping
* report difficulty walking up 10 stairs without stopping
* report difficulty performing basic activities of daily living
* have any medical conditions that limit their ability to walk as a means of physical activity
* self-identify medical conditions that limit ability to walk AND do not have medical consent
* answer 'YES' to any PAR-Q questions
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Has experienced a stroke in the last 12 months
* 50 years of age or older
* Living in the community with phone access
* Mild to moderate stroke severity (i.e., modified Rankin Scale score ranging from 1 to 4)
* Able to communicate in English

Exclusion Criteria:

* Stroke of non-vascular origin
* Actively engaged in formal stroke rehabilitation services
* Uncontrolled arrhythmias
* Significant musculoskeletal or other neurological condition
* Severe aphasia or dysarthria
* Not medically stable
* Pain or co-morbidities which would preclude activity
* Living in long-term residential care
* Cognitive impairment, dependent in activities of daily living, and no caregiver participation
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Presenting to cardiology clinic
* Aged 18-69 years
* User of a compatible smartphone

Exclusion Criteria:

* Already using an activity tracker
* Preferred form of activity is not measured by an activity tracker(swimming, yoga, ice skating, stair master, or activities on wheels such as bicycling or rollerblading)
* Prohibited from normal activity due to wheelchair bound status, bed bound status, reliance on a cane/walker, activity-limiting pulmonary disease, activity-limiting angina, activity-limiting osteoarthritis, or other condition.
* 3 days or more of moderate or vigorous activity during leisure time for 30 minutes of more per day by International Physical Activity Questionnaire
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* individuals with sub-acute stroke attending in-patient rehabilitation at Toronto Rehab
* patients who have identified improving walking function as a rehabilitation goal
* patients who can walk without supervision at the time of recruitment into the study

Answer: C