Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: N/A
Brief Summary: Objective: The investigators sought to investigate the analgesic efficiency of lidocaine spray, paracervical block (PCB) with lidocaine and PCB with lidocaine plus lidocaine spray combination in patients undergoing first-trimester surgical abortion.

Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted on 108 women with the request of pregnancy termination.The subjects were randomly assigned into four groups: PCB (n=27), lidocaine spray (n=27), PCB plus lidocaine spray (n=27) and placebo(n=27).Intraoperative and postoperative pain scores were measured with a standard Visual Analog Scale (VAS).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Age \>18 years Single Pregnancy \<7 weeks of gestation

Exclusion Criteria:

Incomplete abortion Early pregnancy failure Acute cervicitis Untreated pelvic inflammatory disease Cervical stenosis
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 18 years or older
* Voluntarily requesting surgical pregnancy termination
* Pregnancy with intrauterine gestational sac up to 10 weeks 6 days gestation, dated by ultrasound
* Eligible for suction curettage
* English or Spanish speaking
* Good general health
* Able and willing to give informed consent and agree to terms of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* Gestational ages 11 weeks or more
* Incomplete abortion
* Premedication with misoprostol
* Use of any opioid medication within the past 7 days
* Use of heroin within the past 7 days
* Requested opioids or IV sedation prior to start of the procedure
* Patients who refuse ibuprofen or lorazepam
* Contraindications or allergies to HC/APAP, lidocaine, ibuprofen, or lorazepam
* Significant medical problem necessitating inpatient procedure
* Adnexal mass or tenderness on pelvic exam consistent with pelvic inflammatory disease
* Known hepatic disease
C: Inclusion criteria:

* Women ages 18 and older undergoing elective surgical abortion at 5 and 0/7 to 11 and 6/7 weeks gestational age
* Use of IV sedation for pain management
* English or Spanish speaking
* Ability to give informed consent

Exclusion criteria:

* Any pre-operative use of misoprostol (typically given at 12 weeks and above in this clinic)
* Allergy to study medications: lidocaine, midazolam, fentanyl
* Known uterine anomaly
* Prior cervical surgery.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Aged 18 years or older
* Voluntarily requesting surgical pregnancy termination
* Pregnancy with intrauterine gestational sac between 6 0/7 and 10 6/7 weeks gestation, dated by ultrasound
* Eligible for suction aspiration
* English or Spanish speaking
* Good general health
* Able and willing to give informed consent and agree to terms of the study
* Have assistance home; no driving for 24 hours

Exclusion Criteria:

* - Gestational ages 11 0/7 weeks or more
* Gestational age less than 6 0/7 weeks
* Incomplete abortion
* Premedication with misoprostol
* Use of narcotic pain or anti-anxiety medication within past 24 hours
* Use of heroin or methadone within last 3 months
* Chronic alcoholism or alcohol intoxication within past 24 hours
* Requested narcotics or Intravenous sedation (prior to randomization)
* Allergic reaction or allergy to cherry/cherry flavoring or lidocaine or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
* Allergic reaction or sensitivity to benzodiazepines including hyperactive or aggressive behavior (paradoxical reaction)
* Medical problem necessitating inpatient procedure
* Untreated acute cervicitis or pelvic inflammatory disease
* Known acute narrow-angle glaucoma
* Weighing less than 100 lb (45 kg)
* Use of potent medications interfering with microsomal metabolism within past 48 hours (carbamazepine (Tegretol), cimetidine (Tagamet), diltiazem (Cardizem), erythromycin, fluconazole (Diflucan), itraconazole (Sporanox), ketoconazole (Nizoral), phenobarbital, phenytoin (Dilantin), nelfinavir, ranitidine (Zantac), rifampin (Rifadin), ritonavir (Norvir), saquinavir, verapamil (Calan))

Answer: A