Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomised Controlled Trial of Oxygen Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction (AVOID - Air Verses Oxygen In myocarDial Infarction Study)
Brief Summary: - Aim

The AVOID (Air Verses Oxygen In myocardial infarction) trial is designed to determine if the withholding of routine oxygen therapy in patients with acute heart attack leads to reduced heart damage compared to the current practice of routine inhaled oxygen for all patients.

- Background

There is evidence supporting and refuting the current practice of providing oxygen to all patients with acute heart attack. A recent summary of clinical trials suggested that oxygen may increase the degree of heart damage during heart attack. It also highlighted that the few trials into oxygen therapy were performed before the use of modern medications and procedures to treat heart attack and that further studies were urgently needed, using contemporary practices.

- Design

A total of 334 patients will participate in this randomized controlled trial. Patients in this study will receive the best current management and care for their condition. Patients will be randomized to routine pre-hospital care with oxygen therapy vs pre-hospital care without oxygen therapy. Patients will then receive standard hospital care, aside from allocated oxygen or no oxygen therapy. The primary outcome measure of heart damage will be investigated using routine blood tests. With additional information gathered from other aspects of routine heart care including coronary angiogram, electrocardiograms and complications of hospital stay. Patients will be followed up at 6 months to determine any longer term effects of treatment.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults ≥ 18 years of age.
* Chest pain for \< 12 hours
* ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction including either: 1) Persistent ST-segment elevation of ≥1mm in two contiguous limb leads; 2) ST-segment elevation of ≥ 2mm in two contiguous chest leads, or; 3) New left bundle branch block (LBBB) pattern.
* Able to be transported to a participating hospital

Exclusion Criteria:

* Hypoxia with oxygen saturation measured on pulse oximeter \< 94% with the patient breathing air
* Bronchospasm requiring nebulised salbutamol therapy using oxygen
* Altered conscious state
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* all patients admitted in a post-operative and medical intensive care unit with expected admission of at least three days. Informed consensus as soon as possible

Exclusion Criteria:

* minority
* patient discharged from ICU and successively re-admitted
* patient enrolled in other studies
* expected survival shorter than 24 hours
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 years or older.
* Laparotomy, acute or elective. In case of gynaecological surgery only if malignancy is suspected (defined as risk of ovarian malignancy index \>200 or a specimen with atypical or neoplastic cells).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Other surgery within 30 days (except surgery in local anaesthesia).
* Chemotherapy within 3 months.
* Inability to give informed consent.
* Inability to keep oxygen saturation above 90% without supplemental oxygen (measured preoperatively by pulse oximetry).
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients with less than 6 hours septic shock according criteria of Bone
* minimal dose of catecholamines at least 0.1 µg/Kg/min
* patient with mechanical ventilation
* written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* age \< 18 years
* pregnancy
* participation in other trial with the same endpoint
* moribund
* absence of registration in french health care system
* patient protected by law
* hypernatremia \< 130 mmol/l ou \> 145 mmol/l
* patient with P/F \< 100 mm Hg with PEEP \> 5 cms of water
* intracranial hypertension
* patient admitted for cardiac arrest
* overt cardiac failure

Answer: A