Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Intermittent Vibrational Force and Orthodontic Tooth Movement: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The aim of this study is to compare the clinical efficiency of conventional fixed appliance orthodontic treatment with that supplemented by the daily application of cyclic forces to the dentition via a removable (AcceleDent) vibrational appliance. The primary outcome measure is rapidity of tooth alignment; whilst secondary outcome measures include pain and discomfort during treatment, rapidity of orthodontic space closure, changes in arch dimensions and root length.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients scheduled to undergo dual arch fixed appliance orthodontic treatment in any of the three trial centers will be invited to participate in this trial by the operator planning to conduct their orthodontic treatment.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who have undergone previous orthodontic treatment including fixed, removable and functional appliances.
* Patients less than 12 years old at the start of orthodontic treatment.
* Patients with orofacial clefting, severe hypodontia, and special needs patients.
* Patients undergoing orthognathic (jaw) surgery as part of their orthodontic treatment plan.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects will be recruited from a sample of consecutive cases attending for routine fixed appliance orthodontic treatment with conventional pre-adjusted edgewise brackets that satisfy the following criteria: in the permanent dentition; a requirement for extraction of a premolar unit in each quadrant; incisor irregularity between 5-12 mm.

Exclusion Criteria:

* no medical contraindications; no craniofacial anomalies or cleft lip/palate;
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy, non-smoker with no systemic medical conditions and no routine medications
* 15 to 35 years of age at the time of bonding
* Non-extraction treatment plan or no extractions required in the first 6 months of treatment
* At least 5mm of crowding in the mandibular arch
* Full-complement dentition 1st molar to 1st molar
* Good oral hygiene

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients that require extractions as part of the orthodontic plan
* Smoking or excessive alcohol consumption
* Patients with edentulous areas
* Evidence of periodontal disease (any pocket depths more than 4mm)
* Use of anti-inflammatory drugs within 2 days of bonding
* Active oral lesions (ulcerations, sores, mucositis, etc.)
* Uncontrolled diabetes
* Dentofacial deformities (cleft palate, hemifacial microsomia, etc.)
* Subjects routinely taking any of the following medications:
* Corticosteroids (including for asthma)
* Bisphosphonates
* Anti-inflammatories
* Nicotine Patch
* Estrogen
* Opioids
* Growth Hormone
* Relaxin
* Anti-coagulants
* Disease that could affect bone metabolism:
* Parathyroid or thyroid dysfunction
* Osteoporosis, osteomalacia
* Vitamin D deficiency
* Fibrous dysplasia
* Paget's Disease
* Multiple Myeloma
* Osteogenesis Imperfecta
* History of Bone Metastasis
* Patients taking medications such as bisphosphonates, corticosteroids or any anti-inflammatory drug
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Permanent dentition between the ages of 12 and 40
* Minimum of 3 mm of extraction space to be closed by distal movement of all 6 anterior teeth from canine to canine or by distal movement of the canines
* Good oral hygiene and compliance

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any compromised medical or dental condition
* Patient currently involved in any other study
* Lives significantly outside San Antonio, TX
* use of bisphosphonates
* pregnant females

Answer: B