Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of Intravenous Lidocaine on Transperitoneal Laparoscopic Urological Surgery: A Prospective, Randomised, Placebo Controlled, Double-blind, Phase III Study
Brief Summary: Effective perioperative analgesia is the key to postoperative rehabilitation. An intriguing body of evidence suggests that short-term administration of intravenous lidocaine may produce pain relief that far exceeds both the duration of infusion and the half-life of the drug. When pain relief is provided, concomitant anal-gesic medication can be reduced, side effects from pain relieving medication minimized with a potential for a more rapid postoperative recovery and less complications. IV application of lidocaine should de-crease the duration of bowel dysfunction. We hypothesise that i.v. application of lidocaine in a standard antiarrythmic dose can significantly improve acute rehabilitation after laparoscopic urological surgery and so shorten the hospital stay (primary outcome). We expect that the intraoperative inflammatory response can significantly be reduced.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Informed consent
* Scheduled for colon tumor resection.
* American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical classification classes I, II, and III.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age \<18 or \>75 years
* Allergy to local anesthetics
* Severe cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction within 6 months, profoundly decreased left ventricular function (ejection fraction \<40%), or high-grade arrhythmias) or liver disease (known AST or ALT or bilirubin \>2.5 times the upper limit of normal)
* Systemic corticosteroid use
* Chronic use of opiates
* Unwillingness or contraindication to epidural analgesia.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Written informed consent
* ASA 1 to 3
* Laparoscopic transperitoneal urological surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

* Liver insufficiency
* Steroid therapy
* Chronic opioid therapy
* Allergy to lidocaine
* Pre-existing disorder of the gastrointestinal tract
* AV-block II-III, sinusbradycardia, heart insufficiency, long QT-syndrome
* Pregnancy
C: Inclusion Criteria:

Patients undergoing elective total abdominal hysterectomy at The Ottawa Hospital and able to give informed consent.

Plus:

1. Age 30-69 inclusive;
2. ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) class I or II patient: (I - healthy with no systemic disease, II - systemic disease with no functional limitation);
3. Body Mass Index (BMI) of 18.5-30.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients undergoing elective total abdominal hysterectomy at The Ottawa Hospital and unable to give informed consent., unable to provide informed consent, or unable to use patient controlled analgesia.

Plus:

1. Patients under age 30 or over age 70;
2. ASA III, IV and V class patients (III - systemic disease causing functional impairment; IV - systemic disease that is a constant threat to life; V - not expected to survive with or without surgery);
3. Obese patients (BMI\>30) or undernourished (BMI\<18.5) (9);
4. Unable to use patient controlled analgesia;
5. Any history of liver dysfunction;
6. Renal insufficiency defined as a creatinine clearance \<50mL/min as calculated using the Cockroft-Gault formula (11);
7. History of seizure disorder;
8. Hypersensitivity or allergy to amide type local anesthetics;
9. Hypersensitivity or allergy to any of the following opiods: morphine, hydromorphone, meperidine, fentanyl;
10. Any chronic pain syndromes or opioid use greater than once per week.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

Exclusion Criteria:

* mental change
* allergy to local anesthetics

Answer: B