Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Phase II Study of Imiquimod 5 % Cream for the Treatment of Hemangioma in Infancy
Brief Summary: Hemangiomas of infancy, the most common benign tumors of infancy, are congenital or early infancy lesions characterized by a rapid postnatal growth, with high expression of angiogenic stimulators for 9-18 months, followed by slow regression for 5-9 years. Current therapies for the hemangiomas are usually restricted to more severe forms due to the risks of adverse effects, inconvenience and cost. Nevertheless, a substantial amount of the psychological discomfort and morbidity can be caused by untreated hemangiomas, especially those in the face.

Recently, Imiquimod 5% cream has emerged as a safe an effective drug for several skin conditions that benefit from modulation of the activity of the immune system, such as common warts and various forms of the skin pre-cancerous and cancerous lesions. Small case reports series have suggest that it could also be useful in hemangiomas, possibly through the inhibition of the angiogenesis by local IFN production.This is a small, open label study of 16 patients to document the efficacy of the Imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of hemangioma of infancy (primary outcome). IFN and plasma drug levels, as well as clinical examinations and blood studies, will be carried out to evaluate safety of the treatment (secondary outcome). bFGF and VEGF will be measured in blood and urine in order to study the diagnostic and predictive value of these pro-angiogenic factors in the response of hemangiomas to the treatment with Imiquimod (secondary outcome).

The study is a phase II clinical trial of a once a day application of Imiquimod 5% cream, 3 to 7 times per week for a maximum of four months. The study held at the Dermatology Clinic of Sainte-Justine Hospital, and was completed within a 20 months timeframe after IRB approval.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* preterm infants \<=34 weeks GA with hemangioma

Exclusion Criteria:

* no hemangioma
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* infants with symptomatic hemangiomas

Exclusion Criteria:

* asthma
* diabetes
* hypertension
* hypotension
* hypoglycemia
* liver failure
* previous treatment for hemangiomas
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Proliferating IH (target hemangioma) requiring systemic therapy anywhere on the body except on the diaper area with largest diameter of at least 1.5 cm

Exclusion Criteria:

- The patient presents with one or more of the following medical conditions: Congenital hemangioma; Kasabach-Merritt syndrome; bronchial asthma; bronchospasm; hypoglycaemia (\< 40 mg/dl or at risk); untreated phaeochromocytoma; hypotension (\< 50/30 mmHg); second or third degree heart block; cardiogenic shock; metabolic acidosis; bradycardia (\< 80 bpm); severe peripheral arterial circulatory disturbances; Raynaud's phenomenon; sick sinus syndrome; uncontrolled heart failure or Prinzmetal's angina; documented PHACES syndrome with central nervous system involvement

* The patient has previously been treated for IH, including any surgical and/or medical procedures (e.g. laser therapy)
* The patient is known to have a hypersensitivity to propranolol and/or any other beta-blockers
* One or more of the following types of IH are present:

  * Life-threatening IH
  * Function-threatening IH (e.g. those causing impairment of vision, respiratory compromise caused by airway lesions, etc.)
  * Ulcerated IH (whatever the localisation) with pain and lack of response to simple wound care measures
* The patient was born prematurely and has not yet reached his/her term equivalent age (e.g. an infant born 2 months prematurely cannot be included before the age of 2 months)
* LVEF (left ventricular systolic function) ≤40% and/or cardiomyopathy and/or hereditary arrhythmia disorder
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy infants aged 2-12 months.
* Superficial or mixed hemangiomas in proliferative phase (growing in size in the last 1-2 months).
* Hemangiomas must be less than 10X10 cm and must not be ulcerated.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Preterm infant (less than 36 weeks of gestation).
* Ulceration of hemangioma prior to treatment.
* Immunosuppression.
* Hemangioma located on the eyelid or perianal region.
* Prior treatment of the hemangioma.
* Concomitant diseases.
* Presence of multiple hemangiomas and/or hemangiomas that would require systemic drug treatment.
* Potential difficulties with follow-up (patient from another town,difficult access to the hospital , etc.).
* History of allergy to any of the components of the drug preparation.
* Hemangiomas more than 10X 10 cm or ulcerated before the start of the treatment.

Answer: D