Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Comparing the Effectiveness of Nicotine Patch With Gum Versus Nicotine Patch Alone in Smoking Cessation in Hong Kong Primary Care Clinics
Brief Summary: The prevalence of cigarette smoking has dropped to 10% in Hong Kong (HK) in 2017, however, smoking still kills 5700 persons per year. Studies suggest that abstinence rates are higher with combined NRT than single NRT, although local data on safety and benefits of combined NRT are lacking.

This is a one-year, two-arm, parallel randomized trial in 20 HK public clinics. The aim is to compare the effectiveness of combined NRT with single NRT among HK Chinese. 560 chronic smokers, who smoked ≥10 cigarettes/day for ≥ 1 year, were randomized to either intervention or usual care.

Intervention group received counseling and nicotine patch \& gum. Usual care group received counselling and nicotine patch only. Primary outcome was smoking abstinence rate at 52 weeks. Secondary outcomes included smoking abstinence rate at 4, 12, \& 26 weeks. Crude odds ratio (combined NRT vs. single NRT) and p-value were reported from logistic regression without adjustment; for trend analysis, adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and p-value were reported from Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE) (controlling for time). All AORs were adjusted for age, sex, baseline CO and clusters.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* current smokers who smoke 10 or more cigarettes a day for at least one year

Exclusion Criteria:

* unstable angina
* severe cardiac arrhythmia
* recent acute myocardial infarction or cerebrovascular accident in preceding 3 months
* below 18 years old
* being pregnant or on breast-feeding
* unable to use gum
* with a previous history of failure to NRT
* with a history of hypersensitivity to nicotine
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Must be at least 18 years of age
* Be in good general health
* Must meet Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV (DSM-IV) diagnostic criteria for nicotine dependence
* Be currently smoking \> 15 cigarettes/day, and have smoked cigarettes for the past 5 years
* Subjects must be motivated to quite smoking
* If female and of child bearing potential, agrees to use birth control and subject
* Subject must be able to understand and provide written informed consent.

Exclusion

Criteria:

* Please contact site for more information
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* The sample, 40 women and 40 men, will be hospitalized patients recruited from Stanford Hospital and Clinics who report smoking at least 10 cigarettes per day prior to hospitalization, have confirmed tobacco use by cotinine testing, and an expected hospitalization of at least 3 days duration from the date of study enrollment. Intention to quit smoking will not be required for study participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

- Study exclusion criteria are: dementia or other brain injury precluding ability to participate; Alzheimer's Disease; Parkinson's Disease; Huntington's Disease; meningitis; seizure disorder of a sustained nature; delirium; brain surgery; drug and/or alcohol dependence; suicidal ideation; end-stage renal disease (i.e., on dialysis); hypertensive crisis; stroke; myocardial infarction (MI) with severe cardiac damage; pregnancy or breastfeeding; non-English speaking; complete homelessness; or currently engaged in tobacco treatment. Study staff will consult with clinical staff prior to approach for study enrollment. In cases of severe renal impairment (estimated creatinine clearance \<30 mL/min), medical staff will consult with participants' physician to assess the appropriateness for study enrollment.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects must have smoked on average of at least ten cigarettes per day during the past year
* Subjects must have no period of abstinence greater than three months in the past year

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects with any history of cardiovascular disease
* Myocardial infarction
* Significant arrhythmias
* Poorly controlled hypertension

Answer: A