Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Support From Hospital to Home for Elders: A Randomized Controlled Study
Brief Summary: The investigators will randomize 700 non-psychiatric, non-obstetric, non-surgical patients aged 55 years and older at San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) to usual care (ten days of prescription medication, discharge summary sent to primary care provider (PCP), and outpatient appt made for patient, and patient's nurse reviews discharge plan,) or usual care plus a peridischarge intervention (a visit with specialized in-hospital discharge nurse, development of personalized discharge plan, two phone calls from a nurse practitioner(NP)/physician assistant (PA) after discharge and availability of additional calls back from NP/PA, upon patient request, to help answer questions and assist patient's transition to outpatient care, and communication with primary care/subspecialty providers). The usual care and usual care plus intervention groups will be assessed for differences in mortality and rates of rehospitalization and emergency department use 30, 90 and 180 days following discharge from the hospital.

The discharge process from the hospital to home is frequently marked by poor quality and high risk of adverse events and readmissions. It has been hypothesized that better coordinated care, personalized patient education, and follow-up calls to identify potential sources of adverse events, such as medical complications and medication errors can reduce rehospitalization and emergency room visits following discharge from the hospital. Although these interventions have been shown to reduce combined hospital readmissions and emergency department visits in English-speaking patients, none has focused on elderly patients in a diverse urban public hospital setting that includes non-English-speakers, who might benefit more than other populations from enhanced services during and after discharge from the hospital. Further, these labor-intensive interventions are costly to implement, and it is unknown whether opportunity cost of providing additional services in a limited-resource environment such as San Francisco General Hospital (SFGH) outweighs the unknown clinical benefits.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Admitted to a participating study hospital
* Diagnosis of acute coronary syndromes or heart failure

Exclusion Criteria:

* Too ill to participate
* Corrected visual acuity worse than 20/200
* Severe hearing impairment
* Patient is not being discharged to their home
* No regular telephone number
* Not fluent in English or Spanish
* Unintelligible speech
* In police custody
* Caregiver manages all medications
* Delirium or severe dementia
* Psychotic illness
* Already participating in a conflicting study
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Speaks either English or Spanish
* Willing to obtain all long-term prescriptions from one community pharmacy during the 90-day study period
* Diagnosed with at least one of the following conditions: high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, heart failure, coronary artery disease, heart attack, stroke, transient ischemic attack, asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, or receiving oral anticoagulation therapy
* Admitted to the general medicine, family medicine, cardiology, or orthopedics services hospital department

Exclusion Criteria:

* Does not have a working telephone
* Has a hearing impairment that does not allow the use of a telephone
* Enrolled in Iowa Care (i.e., individual has no community physician or community pharmacist following hospital discharge)
* Life expectancy estimated at less than 6 months at the time of study entry
* Dementia or cognitive impairment
* Severe psychiatric or psychosocial factors, including substance abuse, that may impair the desire or ability to complete all aspects of the study
* Admission to the psychiatric, surgery, or hematology/oncology services hospital department
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients age 55 and older
* admitted to the general medicine, family medicine, cardiology, and neurology services at San Francisco General Hospital,
* able to communicate in either English, Spanish, Mandarin or Cantonese,
* attending physicians agree to the patient's participation.
* Patients must be able to demonstrate an understanding of the study's goals through a set of teach back questions included in the consent process.

Exclusion Criteria:

* transferred from an outside hospital;
* admitted for a planned hospitalization (e.g. chemotherapy, a planned surgery)
* requiring hospice, nursing home, rehab or other institutional settings (i.e. expected by the physician team to be discharged to skilled nursing facilities) - those unable to independently consent (i.e. severely cognitively impaired, delirious, deaf, or involuntarily hospitalized because of severe mental illness)
* unable to understand English, Spanish or Cantonese (as reported by medical teams or unable to complete the consent teach-back process)
* less than age 55
* aphasic
* otherwise excluded by the medical team
* participated in the pilot project of this intervention.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

The Project Director will meet with the subject to determine if the patient meets inclusion or exclusion criteria.

Inclusion criteria include are patients who:

1. are over 18 years old;
2. are to be discharged to a community, non-institutionalized setting;
3. report that they desire to be hospitalized in the future if there is a clinical need; and
4. are admitted to Firm B of the BMC Inpatient Service.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. admitted to non-general Medical services at BMC (e.g., orthopedic surgery, obstetrics and gynecology, otolaryngology, general surgery, or psychiatry);
2. requiring hospice, nursing home or other institutional settings upon discharge,
3. who die during the admission,
4. subjects who speak languages other than English;
5. those who indicate that they have no access to a telephone or unable to give a contact telephone number; and
6. those not competent to sign informed consent.

Answer: C