Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Cancer Prevention by Reducing Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke at Home
Brief Summary: Background: Infants are at risk for tobacco-attributable diseases by being exposed to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS). International literature has shown that a home smoking ban can reduce ETS. The purpose of this study is to examine whether a brief feedback about urinary cotinine in infants and a counselling session about the consequences of ETS leads to a reduction of ETS.

All families with children up to an age of three years in the study region will be contacted by mail and asked for participation in this study. They will be randomised into an intervention and one control group. The intervention group will receive a ETS counselling session and detailed analysis of urinary cotinine (a biomarker of ETS) at their home. They will further receive written feedback approx. 2 weeks later. The control group will be visited and will answer a questionnaire and will receive brochures about ETS. They will receive a standard analysis feedback of urinary cotinine. There will be oine further assessment/ visit 12 months later. The outcome of this study is an anlysis of urinary cotinine and smoking behaviour and changes in cotinine and smoking behaviour.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* at least 18 years of age
* English-speaking
* parent or legal guardian of child under 11 years old who lives with him/her
* daily smoker

Exclusion Criteria:

* non-nicotine drug dependence
* psychiatric disturbance (bipolar, schizophrenia, psychosis)
* pregnant
* inadequate health literacy
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* An eligible child will be defined as:

  * Age 6-12 years
  * Doctor's diagnosis of asthma
  * Currently having persistent asthma, defined as asthma symptoms or use of quick reliever asthma medication \> 2 days/week in the last 2 weeks or use of daily controller asthma medication in past 2 weeks based on parent report.
  * Reside in eligible household at least 5 days per week

Household:

* Located in Baltimore
* Housing an eligible child
* Housing an English speaking family
* Housing at least one smoker, who smokes 5 or more cigarettes per day. Smoking in the car will be recorded, but if ETS exposure is limited to the car, the household is not eligible.
* Having working electricity and no major structural damage.
* Having no working air cleaner

Exclusion Criteria:

* Children will be excluded is they have other respiratory morbidity such as cystic fibrosis or bronchopulmonary dysplasia, if they smoke cigarettes, if they do not have asthma symptoms or medication use in the month before randomization
* Families living in a shelter or transitional housing will be excluded
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* born in 2005, 2006 or 2007,
* being exposed to environmental tobacco smoke at home by at least one parent, living in the study region of west pommerania

Exclusion Criteria:
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Child enrolled in Baltimore City Head Start
* Smoker living in the home with child

Exclusion Criteria:

* No smoker in home with child
* Does not speak English
* Is enrolled in other respiratory research study

Answer: C