Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Lumbar Segmental Stabilization, Strengthening and Stretching in Chronic Low Back Pain: a Comparative Study
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of three exercise programs in patients with chronic low back pain: Segmental stabilization, superficial strengthening and stretching. Groups were contrasted regarding pain, functional disability and TrA muscle activation capacity. The three groups of exercise improved pain and functional disabilities, and the Segmental stabilization group was better in the ability to recruit TrA muscle.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* low back pain for more than 3 months
* patients willing to participate and could participate in an exercise program safely and without cognitive impairments that would limit their participation.

Exclusion Criteria:

* past history of back surgery
* rheumatologic disorders
* spine infections
* spine exercise training in the 3 months before study onset.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Ages 18 - 35 years old (or emancipated minor)
* Participating in 91 W (combat medic) MOS training
* English speaking and reading

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently seeking medical care for LBP
* Previous medical history that includes any surgery for LBP (examples include but are not limited to lumbar fusion, lumbar decompression, and lumbar discectomy)
* History of degenerative joint disease, arthritis, spine trauma or vertebral fractures, spondylolisthesis, and congenital spine disorders
* Currently unable to participate in AIT due to injury in foot, ankle, knee, hip, neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist, or hand injury.
* History of fracture (stress or traumatic) in proximal femur and/or pelvis
* Pregnancy (Note: Pregnancy will not result in termination from the study, even though it is an exclusion criteria at enrollment.)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Low Back Pain lasting more than 12 weeks with or with out pain radiating into the leg(s)
2. Age 18 - 60 years

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Serious spinal pathology

   1. Malignancy
   2. Osteoporosis,
   3. Fresh vertebral fracture
   4. Newly operation on the back
   5. Stenosis of the lumbar spine
   6. Unstable spondylolistesis
   7. Infections in the back
2. Neurological dysfunction of the thoracic or abdominal muscles
3. Pregnancy/breastfeeding
4. Mental illness
5. Health conditions which prohibit intensive training.
6. Languish problems/ dyslexia
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subjects of both genders between 18 and 65 years of age with chronic non-specific LBP (pain for more than 3 months) with a pain intensity of at least 3 points measured by a 0-10 points pain numerical rating scale
* Subjects must be able to stand and walk independently
* Subjects must be able to read in Portuguese

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects with any contraindication to physical exercise according to the guidelines of the American College of Sports Medicine
* Subjects with severe depression (measured by depression, anxiety and stress scale - DASS)
* Subjects with serious spinal pathologies (fractures, tumors, and inflammatory pathologies such as ankylosing spondylitis), nerve root compromise (disc herniation and spondylolisthesis with neurological compromise, spinal stenosis, and others), serious cardiorespiratory diseases, previous back surgery or pregnancy.
* Subjects that cannot be classified into any of the five categories of the Movement System Impairment model upon initial assessment

Answer: A