Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Dialectical Behaviour Therapy for Chronically Self-harming Individuals With BPD: Evaluating the Clinical and Cost Effectiveness of a 6-month Treatment
Brief Summary: Standard one-year dialectical behaviour therapy (DBT), which has four components, is an effective treatment for people with borderline personality disorder. However, such DBT programs are in short supply and costly, resulting in long wait lists. In practice, DBT is often reduced in length or intensity. This study will determine whether shorter DBT treatment is clinically effective and cost-effective. In total, 240 self-harming BPD patients will be randomly assigned to receive either 1 year or 6 months of DBT, with follow-up lasting two years. Rates of suicidal and self-harm behaviours, use of health care and general psychological functioning will be examined.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Meets DSM-IV criteria for Borderline Personality Disorder.
* Has had at least 2 self-harm episodes (either suicidal or non-suicidal) in the past 5 years, including at least 1 in the past 8 weeks.
* Proficient in English
* Provides informed consent to participate in the study.
* Absence of 8 or more standard weeks of DBT in the past year (individual and group therapy components).
* has had either Ontario Health Insurance Plan (OHIP) coverage or BC Medical Services Plan (MSP) health insurance for 1 year or more
* Absence of a pending criminal court case or charges.
* Has been a resident of Ontario or British Columbia for all of the past 12 months, at least.
* Lives in the Greater Toronto Area/Greater Vancouver Area

Exclusion Criteria:

* Meets the DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder I, dementia, or a psychotic disorder other than psychotic disorder NOS
* IQ less than 70
* Chronic or serious physical health problem requiring hospitalization within the next year (e.g., cancer)
* Plans to move to a province other than Ontario or BC in the next 2 years.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinical Diagnosis of Borderline Personality Disorder with high levels of emotional instability

Exclusion Criteria:

* Clinical diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder
* Clinical diagnosis of psychiatric disorder related to general medical condition
* Clinical diagnosis of substance abuse disorder within the last 60 days
* Clinical diagnosis of psychotic disorder
* Previous treatment with lamotrigine
* Pregnancy or nursing
* Currently hospitalized
* Active suicidal or homicidal ideation
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosed with PTSD (309.81), and
* Diagnosed with a borderline personality disorder (301.83) or at least 4 BPD symptoms

To be eligible for the study, both patients and healthy controls (for the MRI scans) have to:

* Be aged between 18 and 65 years
* Give written informed consent
* Speak / understand Dutch sufficiently

Exclusion criteria:

* Current psychosis
* Comorbidity interfering with treatment or randomisation (severe outward aggression, antisocial PD, treatment interfering addiction or eating disorders, somatic problems)
* Primary diagnosis of paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal, narcissistic, histrionic or antisocial PD
* Mental retardation

Additional exclusion criteria for the MRI substudy are:

* Pregnancy
* Metal implants (such as pacemakers, etc.);
* Somatic disorders interfering with brain functioning
* Claustrophobia
* High dose use of benzodiazepines

For the healthy controls, current psychiatric diagnosis is an additional exclusion criterion.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* all patients will have had an episode of deliberate self harm
* test positive on either Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST, Skinner 1982) or Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT, Saunders 1983)

Exclusion Criteria:

* unable to give written informed consent
* unable to understand the purpose and nature of the research

Answer: A