Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Exercise Training in Type 2 Diabetes and Hypertension
Brief Summary: The coexistence of diabetes and hypertension is damaging to cardiac and peripheral vascular structure and function. Although several health organizations endorse exercise training as a treatment for type 2 diabetes, most studies of exercise and diabetes have focused on controlling blood sugar but not on cardiovascular health. The aim of this study is to determine if exercise training reduces blood pressure and improves cardiovascular health in persons who have both type 2 diabetes and hypertension. An equal number of men and women will be enrolled, and another aim of the study is to examine gender differences in response to exercise training.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* History of intermittent claudication
* Exercise tolerance limited by intermittent claudication during a screening treadmill test
* Ankle/brachial index (ABI) at rest less than 0.90
* Live independently at home

Exclusion Criteria:

* Absence of PAD (peripheral artery disease)
* Asymptomatic PAD (Fontaine stage I)
* Rest pain PAD (Fontaine stage III)
* Exercise tolerance limited by factors other than claudication (e.g., coronary artery disease, dyspnea, poorly controlled blood pressure)
* Active cancer, renal disease, or liver disease
* Current use of pentoxifylline or cilostazol medications for the treatment of intermittent claudication
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 150 peripheral arterial disease patients with and without IC

Exclusion Criteria:

* Below or above-knee amputation
* Wheelchair confinement
* Inability to walk on a treadmill or inability to perform progressive resistance training
* Inability to return to the medical center three times weekly for 6 months
* Walking impairment due to a cause other than PAD
* Class II New York Heart Association (NYHA) heart failure or angina (heart failure or angina occurring at rest or with minimal exertion)
* Planned lower extremity revascularization or any other major surgery within 12 months
* Any increase in anginal symptoms during the previous 6 months or angina at rest
* Subjects with silent coronary ischemia, defined as ST segment depression greater than or equal to 1 mm during baseline exercise treadmill test without associated chest discomfort, unless they have had a normal perfusion stress test during the previous 6 months
* Subjects with left-bundle branch block or significant ST-T wave changes on their baseline ECG who do not have a perfusion stress test demonstrating absence of reversible ischemia within the previous 6 months
* Lower extremity revascularization, major orthopedic surgery, or other major surgery during the previous 3 months
* Myocardial infarction or coronary artery bypass grafting during the previous 3 months
* Major medical illnesses that may interfere with subject's ability to complete the interventions and/or follow-up testing
* Current foot ulcer
* ABI greater than 0.95
* Life expectancy less than 12 months
* Does not speak English
* Patient is currently involved in another clinical trial
* Dementia
* Poorly controlled blood pressure
* Current significant exercise, defined as exercising three times weekly for 30 minutes with sufficient exertion to produce a sweat or other exercise that is comparable to the exercise interventions offered in our protocol
* Treatment for cancer (other than non-melanoma skin cancer) during the past 12 months (including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or surgery)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

ages 40-65 years type 2 diabetes BP between SBP 120-159 or DBP 80-99 mm Hg sedentary

Exclusion Criteria:

cardiovascular disease abnormal exercise stress test smoking insulin use major illnesses that would preclude exercise training pregnancy in women engaged in regular exercise or weight loss diet program substance abuse morbid obesity BMI \> 42
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Have PAD
* Potential participants with a resting ABI greater than or equal to 0.91 and less than or equal to 1.00 at their baseline visit will be eligible if their ABI drops by at least 20% after the heel-rise test. Potential participants with a resting baseline ABI greater than 0.91 who do not meet criteria for inclusion based on the heel-rise test can be eligible if they have data from a certified non-invasive vascular laboratory that demonstrates presence of lower extremity ischemia. However, more evidence than an abnormal PVR from the non-invasive vascular laboratory is required (for example, a toe brachial index pressure less than 0.60). Finally, potential participants who do not meet the above criteria for inclusion will be eligible if they have an angiogram demonstrating greater than 50% stenosis on one or more lower extremity arterial vessels.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Below or above knee amputation
* Wheelchair confinement
* Uses a walking aid other than a cane (e.g., walker)
* Unable to return to the medical center at the required visit frequency
* Greater than Class II New York Heart Association heart failure or angina (symptoms at rest or with minimal exertion)
* Any increase in angina pectoris symptoms during the 6 months before study entry or angina at rest
* Presence of a foot ulcer
* Lower extremity revascularization or major orthopedic surgery during the 3 months before study entry
* Heart attack or coronary artery bypass grafting during the 3 months before study entry
* Major medical illnesses, including treatment for cancer (except non-melanoma skin cancer) during the 12 months before study entry
* Planned lower extremity revascularization within the 12 months after study entry
* Current participation in another clinical trial
* Walking for exercise at a level comparable to that targeted in the study's intervention
* Completion of a cardiac rehabilitation program within 3 months before study entry
* Coronary ischemia during exercise, defined as ST segment depression greater than 1 mm during the baseline exercise treadmill test, with or without associated chest discomfort
* Left-bundle branch block or significant ST-T wave changes on the baseline ECG without a perfusion stress test, demonstrating no reversible ischemia within the 3 months before study entry
* Stopping during the treadmill exercise stress test because of chest pain, shortness of breath, hip or knee arthritis. These individuals will be interviewed by the principal investigator and will be excluded only if it is determined that their walking performance (based in part on the treadmill test) is limited by a comorbidity other than leg ischemia.
* Unable to walk at least 50 feet without stopping during the 6-minute walk test
* Stopping during the 6-minute walk test for symptoms other than ischemic leg symptoms
* Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score of less than 23 or psychiatric illness
* Failure to complete a study run-in period
* Parkinson's disease
* Requires oxygen with exertion.

Answer: C