Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Lumbar Segmental Stabilization and TENS in Lumbar Disc Herniation: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of method Lumbar Segmental Stabilization and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on pain, functional disability and ability to activate the transversus abdominis (TrA) of individuals with chronic back pain caused by disc herniation.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain longer 12 weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* Contra indications to physical exercise
* Serious spinal pathologies (e. g. tumors, fractures and inflammatory diseases)
* Nerve root compromise
* Pregnancy
* Previous surgery on spine
* Pilates treatment for low back pain in the last three months
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Self-report having had lower back pain on most days for greater than three months.
2. Can complete a 10 second semi-tandem stand and walk 8' in 6.0 seconds.
3. Report they are not satisfied with their current state of functional ability, based on reporting "dissatisfied" with at least one aspect of physical function on the Satisfaction with Physical Function Scale.
4. Can safely participate in the intervention based upon the physical therapist baseline examination and clinical expertise.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. unilateral or bilateral sciatica that physical therapist determines could make the study intervention unsafe or inappropriate; isolated coccyx pain (based on self-report at screener);
2. dementia or other significant cognitive impairment;
3. movement or motor neuron disorders (e.g., Parkinson's Disease, Multiple Sclerosis, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis);
4. rheumatoid arthritis, fibromyalgia, or other systemic rheumatic disease;
5. hospitalization for a stroke, myocardial infarction, heart failure, or coronary artery revascularization in the past 3 months;
6. significant hearing impairment (must be able to talk on the telephone);
7. psychosis or current, uncontrolled substance abuse disorder;
8. any other health conditions determined by the study team to be contraindications to performing mild to moderate home exercises.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* chronic low back pain (pain for more than three months) or sciatica caused by disc herniation diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging or computed tomography

Exclusion Criteria:

* prior back surgery,
* cancer,
* rheumatic diseases or infection.

Patients involved in sports or resistance training for the lumbar spine during the three months prior to the beginning of treatment or other causes of pain and sciatica such as lumbar spinal canal stenosis and lumbar spondylolisthesis have also been excluded.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with musculoskeletal low back pain (non-specific low back pain)
* Age ≥ 18 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known or suspected neurological diseases or lesions
* Traumatic injury of musculoskeletal system (fractures, tumours)
* Spinal pathologies (e.g., tumour, infection, fracture, and inflammatory disease)
* Previous spinal surgery
* Presence of any contraindication to exercise (fracture or cardiovascular limitations)

Answer: C