Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Tranexamic Acid in Major Vascular Surgery. A Randomized Placebo-controlled Trial.
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine whether tranexamic acid is effective in reducing intraoperative blood loss and necessity for haemotransfusion in patients undergoing open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age \> 50
* Able to give written informed consent
* Undergoing open abdominal aortic aneurysm repair

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients participating in a pharmaceutical clinical trial in the last 3 months
* Urgent/emergent surgery
* Allergy/intolerance to tranexamic acid
* History of seizures
* Acute Venous or Arterial Thrombosis
* Fibrinolytic conditions due to consumption coagulopathy
* Disseminated intravascular coagulation
* Haematuria
* Visual disturbances
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male and female patients, of any race, 18 years or older.
* Patients who have at least one bleeding site within the operative field that is mild (oozing or capillary bleeding) to moderate (gradual or steady bleeding) in intensity and which cannot be managed by surgical modalities because they are ineffective or impractical (Change 15, Amend 1).
* Patients scheduled for any of the following elective surgical procedures:

  1. Cardiovascular Procedures - aortic surgery such as aneurysmectomy, aneurysmoplasty, aneurysmorrhaphy, aneurysmotomy and bypass procedures involving the aorta; major coronary bypass procedures including primary bypass surgery and re-do procedures. Peripheral vascular procedures to include femoral-popliteal bypass, femoral-femoral bypass, or other peripheral vascular procedures requiring vessel grafting with native or prosthetic grafts including Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) grafts; carotid endarterectomies. The sternum is excluded as a Target Site. Bleeding sites evaluated during these procedures may include soft tissues (e.g. mammary bed, retroperitoneal fat/connective tissues and adhesions) and needle hole bleeding of prosthetic graft material (Change 6, Amend 1).
  2. Neurosurgical (spine) Procedures- primary lumbar laminectomy and laminectomy with fusion (fusion must be done after the time to hemostasis assessment). Re-do laminectomy, removal of tumors/lesions during laminectomy, cervical, or thoracic laminectomy procedures will be excluded. Bleeding sites evaluated may include periosteum, bone marrow, venous plexus (Change 7, Amend 1).
  3. General Surgery or Post-Traumatic (hemodynamically stable and non-coagulopathic) procedures: bowel and colon resections, retroperitoneal dissections/resections, and procedures involving the resection of any solid abdominal organ such as a splenectomy, liver resection, nephrectomy, splenorrhaphy, and pancreatectomy. Bleeding sites evaluated may include soft tissues (e.g. bowel mesentery, adhesions, lymph node beds, sacral venous plexus, etc.) and parenchymal organ bleeds (cut surface of resected liver, spleen, etc., excluding cut surface of kidney) (Amendment #2, Change 44). Bowel anastomoses sites will not be included (Change 8, Amend 1).
* Patient, or the patient's legally authorized representative, must provide legally effective informed consent prior to any participation in the study. (Amendment #2, Change 41)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with bleeding diathesis, pathologic coagulopathy, systemic disorders, or autoimmune, immunodeficiency diseases or any other disorder that may interfere with hemostasis.
* Patients who have had a pre-operative laboratory finding that was considered clinically significant (as determined by the Investigator) for CBC (HCT, Hgb, white blood cell differential, platelet count, and Red Blood Cell (RBC) indices (MCH, MCV, MCHC)), prothrombin time (PT), or activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT).
* Patients who have used anticoagulant, antiplatelet or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory analgesic (NSAID) within 5 days prior to surgery (the use of ASA or aprotinin is permitted).
* Patients with known antibodies to bovine thrombin preparations.
* Patients receiving an organ transplant (liver, heart, kidney, etc.).
* Patients who are morbidly obese (Body Mass Index \> 35).
* Patients with acute or chronic liver failure (Amendment #2, Change 42).
* Patients with all severe (brisk or forceful) bleeding site(s).
* Patients with an ongoing infection at the operative site.
* Patients who are known alcohol and/or drug abusers.
* Female patients who are pregnant or nursing.
* Patients who have uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (blood glucose levels \>400 mg/dl) as determined by the Investigator based on medical history (Change 14, Admin. Change 2).
* Patients who have participated in another investigational drug or device research within 30 days of enrollment.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male and female subjects, 18 years or older, requiring elective, primary or repeat vascular procedures with at least one end-to-side femoral or upper extremity vascular access arterial anastomosis (e.g. femoral-femoral, femoral-popliteal, femoral-tibial, ilio-femoral, aorto-bifemoral, abdominal aortic aneurysm, upper extremity vascular access for dialysis) using uncoated or heparin-coated PTFE grafts and polypropylene sutures (size 5-0 or 6-0) with a 1:1 needle-to-thread ratio.
* Following initial arterial clamp release, the study surgeon determines that adjunctive measures are needed to obtain haemostasis at the SAS.
* Subjects must be willing to and capable of participating in the study, and provided written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects undergoing re-vascularisation using autologous conduits (e.g. saphenous vein) or prosthetic material other than uncoated or heparin-coated PTFE.
* Subjects undergoing emergency surgery.
* Subjects with any intra-operative findings that may preclude conduct of the study procedure.
* Subjects with known intolerance to heparin, blood products or to one of the components of the study product.
* Subjects unwilling to receive blood products.
* Subjects with autoimmune immunodeficiency diseases (including known HIV).
* Subjects who are known, current alcohol and / or drug abusers.
* Subjects who have participated in another investigational drug or device research study within 30 days of enrolment.
* Female subjects who are pregnant or nursing.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subject is undergoing spinal surgery, hepatic resection, peripheral arterial bypass surgery, or arteriovenous graft formation for hemodialysis access

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subject has undergone a therapeutic surgical procedure within 30 days prior to surgery
* Subject has history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia
* Subject has known antibodies or hypersensitivity to thrombin or other coagulation factors or known sensitivity to other components of the study treatment
* Subject has received blood products within 24 hours prior to surgery

Answer: A