Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Hyperimmune Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment for Severe H1N1 2009 Infection
Brief Summary: Treatment with hyperimmune intravenous immunoglobulin (H-IVIG), derived from convalescent plasma from patients recovered from H1N1 2009 influenza A infection, for patients with severe H1N1 2009 infection will decrease mortality, reduce viral load, and shorten the length of stay in ICU and hospital.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* (fulfill all criteria): male or female patients 18 years or older
* written informed consent by patient or next of kin (if patients too ill)
* diagnosis of H1N1 2009 infection satisfying both clinical and laboratory criteria:

  1. Laboratory criteria: at least one RT-PCR positive for H1N1 2009 from one of the clinical specimens (NPA, ETA, blood, urine or stool).
  2. Clinical criteria: patients admitted to ICU with severe community acquired pneumonia as defined by a CURB-65 score of 3 or more
* deterioration during treatment with optimal antiviral (oral or inhaler agents only) and typical and atypical antimicrobial coverage
* required ICU and ventilatory support and within 7 days onset of symptoms.

Exclusion Criteria:

* age below 18 years
* known hypersensitivity to immune globulin or any components of the formulation
* known IgA deficiency
* acquire the H1N1 2009 infection from health care facility
* moribund patients or refusal of informed consent.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age at least 18 years
* Laboratory confirmed diagnosis of infection with SARS-CoV-2
* Admitted to an acute care facility for the treatment of COVID-19 complications
* Severe or life threatening COVID-19, or judged by the treating provider to be at high risk of progression to severe or life-threatening disease
* Informed consent provided by the patient or healthcare proxy

Severe COVID-19 is defined by one or more of the following:

* dyspnea
* respiratory frequency ≥ 30/min
* blood oxygen saturation ≤ 93%
* partial pressure of arterial oxygen to fraction of inspired oxygen ratio \< 300
* lung infiltrates \> 50% within 24 to 48 hours

Life-threatening COVID-19 is defined as one or more of the following:

* respiratory failure
* septic shock
* multiple organ dysfunction or failure

Exclusion Criteria:

* None
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of influenza A or B within 72 hours prior to enrollment (by local assay including rapid antigen, direct fluorescent antibody (DFA), polymerase chain reaction (PCR), or culture, and must be able to detect and distinguish influenza A from influenza B)
* Hospitalization for signs and symptoms of influenza (decision for hospitalization will be up to the individual treating clinician).
* Abnormal respiratory status, defined as room air saturation of oxygen (SaO2) less than 93% or tachypnea (respiratory rate above an age adjusted normal range)
* Agree to the storage of specimens and data
* ABO compatible plasma available on site or available within 24 hours after randomization with activity against locally circulating strains of influenza

Exclusion Criteria:

* Receipt of non-licensed treatment for influenza within the last 2 weeks (or plans to receive any time during the study). This does not include licensed drugs at non approved doses, off-label indications, or drugs available under an Emergency Use Authorization (EUA).
* History of severe allergic reaction to blood products (as judged by the investigator).
* Medical conditions for which receipt of 500 mL volume (or 8 mL/kg for pediatric patients) may be dangerous to the subject (e.g. decompensated congestive heart failure \[CHF\], etc.)
* Clinical suspicion that etiology of acute illness is primarily due to a condition other than active influenza virus replication (e.g., a bacterial or fungal infection)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* age \>=18 yrs
* positive for reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-CoV-2
* Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) moderate to severe, according to Berlin definition, lasting less than10 days
* Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) increased by 3.5 with respect to baseline or \>1.8 mg/dl
* need for mechanical ventilation or continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)
* signed informed consent unless unfeasible for the critical condition

Exclusion Criteria:

* Moderate to severe ARDS lasting more than 10 days
* proven hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to hemoderivatives or immunoglobulins
* consent denied

Answer: A