Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Reduction of Preoperative Anxiety in Children: Electronic Tab vs Midazolam
Brief Summary: Rationale:

The most frequently used means to prevent pre-anaesthetic anxiety in children is a drug premedication. Midazolam, a benzodiazepine, is mainly used. It requires time for action, so coordination between departments and operating room, exposed to the risks of side effects and failure and this variability action. Alternative means were evaluated, such as the presence of parents during anaesthetic mask induction, distraction by clowns, hypnosis or video games.

Electronic tabs are small devices; light, easy to use with age-specific and interactive programs. Our hypothesis is that these electronic tabs are more effective in reducing anxiety and distract children compare to preoperative medication.

Methods: This is a monocentric, randomized, open-label study comparing patients aged 4 to 10 years old programmed for a short term and low level of pain outpatient surgery. My pass score will be measured when arriving at the hospital, at the time of the separation with the parents, at the time of the anaesthetic mask induction and after the surgery.

118 patients will be randomized as follows :

* Arm 1 : Hypnovel® (midazolam)
* Arm 2 : Electronic tab The recruitment is performed by general practitioners in the Lyon area.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Girls and boys aged 4 to 10 years,
* American Society of Anesthesiologists Score between 1 and 3,
* programmed outpatient surgery for a short term and low level of pain
* Infection with influenza A virus confirmed with a quick diagnostic test,
* informed consent from both parents

Exclusion Criteria:

* patients younger than 4 or older than 10 years old
* preexisting psychiatric disorder with pedo-psychiatric follow-up
* children with intellectual disability
* psychotropic referred to anxiolytic and / or antipsychotic
* history of surgery (n\>=3)
* refusal to participate
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children, ages 4-6 years, scheduled to receive the standard pre-kindergarten immunizations. This consists of two injections: the Dtap (diphtheria, tetanus, acellular pertussis) and IPV (injectable polio vaccine) or three injections: DTAP, IPV and MMR (measles, mumps, rubella);
* With or without prior exposure to ST at PMG;
* English speaking subject and parents

Exclusion Criteria:

* Acute concurrent illness;
* Invasive procedures such as cannulation, venipuncture or urinary VCG in the preceding 6 months;
* Hospitalization or ED visit, within the prior 6 months;
* Chronic medical conditions requiring repeated painful interventions;
* Inability to respond age appropriately with verbal and written answers to questions, to pain scale measures, or to questionnaires;
* Refusal to be videotaped.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* ages 5-9 years,
* boys and girls

Exclusion Criteria:

* children with pervasive developmental disability
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Children reporting to study center with dental problems
* Dental procedure requiring local anesthesia
* Informed consent from the parents

Exclusion Criteria:

* Mentally challenged children
* Medical problems negating use of local anesthesia and/or surgical intervention

Answer: A