Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Trial of a Cognitive Intervention for Older Adults
Brief Summary: The purpose of the ACTIVE study was to test if cognitive training interventions could maintain functional independence in elders by improving basic mental abilities, with follow-up assessments through five years.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients who meet the Peterson diagnostic criteria of MCI:

  1. memory complaints (preferably confirmed by an informant).
  2. memory impairment according to age and education.
  3. preserved general cognitive function.
  4. intact activities of daily living, absence of dementia.

Exclusion Criteria:

* head trauma with post-traumatic loss of conscience for 30 minutes during lifespan.
* loss of senses (blindness, deafness).
* photo-sensitive epilepsy.
* unsuitability for Magnetic Resonance Imaging-examination due to metal foreign bodies or severe claustrophobia.
* drug and/or alcohol abuse.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Age of 65 years or older
2. Living at home
3. Able to walk without personal assistance and no other physical limitations that can limit participation and adherence, particularly to exercise intervention programme
4. Meet criteria for frailty

Operational definition of frailty.

The participants are assessed and classified on the level of frailty by the following measures and criteria:

1. Weight loss
2. Slowness
3. Poor balance and weakness assessed by chair stand test
4. Muscle weakness assessed by hand grip and knee extension strength
5. Exhaustion, fatigue or low endurance
6. Low physical activity

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Member of household already enrolled
2. Dementia or cognitive impairment, major depression or other psychotic disorders
3. Severe audio-visual impairment
4. Progressive, degenerative neurologic disease like Parkinsonism, fits/ epilepsy, etc
5. Rapidly progressive or terminal illness under palliative care with life expectancy less than 12 months
6. History of alcohol abuse or any other substance abuse
7. Severely affect muscle/joint dysfunction resulting in disability
8. Hospital admission in the past 3 months
9. Regular physical training or physiotherapy or current participation in a vigorous exercise or weight-training program more than once per week
10. Undergoing therapeutic diet incompatible with nutritional supplementation
11. In the opinion of research clinician, the intervention is deemed to be potentially hazardous for the subject, such as serious cardiac and pulmonary disease.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female patients aged ≥ 55 years, fulfilling criteria of the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Disease and Stroke (NINCDS) and the Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders Association (ADRDA) for the diagnosis of clinically probable AD or Petersen's criteria of mild cognitive impairment (MCI)
* No evidence for other psychiatric axis I disorders according to DSM-IV criteria
* No uncontrolled arterial hypertension or diabetes mellitus
* No history of drug/alcohol abuse
* Cholinesterase inhibitors or Memantine must have been in a stabile doses at least 2 moths in AD subject group prior to the Baseline
* The patient is able to provide written informed consent to participate in the study. If, at investigator's discretion, a patient is considered not to be capable to give legal consent, then written consent must also be obtained from the patient's legally acceptable representative.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Evidence for other psychiatric axis I disorders according to DSM-IV criteria
* Uncontrolled arterial hypertension or diabetes mellitus
* History of drug/alcohol abuse
* No ability to participate and no willing to give informed consent and comply with the study restrictions
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 65 or older
* Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score 23 or greater
* Vision scored greater than 20/50
* Minimal dependence in hygiene, bathing, and dressing

Exclusion Criteria:

* Significant decline in cognitive skills, physical abilities, or functional independence
* Inability to complete study activities as evidenced by MMSE and vision scores lower than Inclusion Criteria requirement
* Diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease
* Stroke in previous 12 months
* Cancer with limited life expectance
* Current chemotherapy or radiation treatment
* Communication problems
* Planned move from study area
* Scheduling conflicts that would preclude participation in study activities
* Prior involvement in similar cognitive training studies

Answer: D