Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: WhatsApp Embedded in Routine Service Delivery for Smoking Cessation: Effects on Success Rates in a Randomized Controlled Study
Brief Summary: Background: Recently, the use of communication technologies and social media applications has become increasingly widespread to strengthen efforts for smoking cessation. The purpose of this study is; to assess the effect on success rate of the WhatsApp application which is embedded in the smoking cessation policlinic service delivery.

Materials and Methods: A randomized controlled intervention study was conducted with 132 volunteers who were followed up at the EUTF Smoking Cessation Policlinic between March-July 2017. The intervention content based on transtheoretic model was prepared and 60 WhatsApp messages were delivered to participants for 3 months of follow up. For data collection, initial interview form and follow up form consisting sociodemographic characteristics, smoking status, medical condition and treatment, were used. The success rate at first and third months were assessed by the point-prevalence regarding the previous week. Intention-to-treat analysis was used. For secondary outcomes; number of follow-ups, change in weight and continuity of medication were evaluated.

Findings: Success rate in the first month was 65.9% for intervention group and 40.9% in the control group; for the third month it was 50.0% in the intervention group and 30.7% in the control group. Being in the intervention group increased the success rate by 3,50 (1,30-9,44) times in the first month and 2,50 (1,08-6,40) times in the third month. The intervention was the only parameter effective in the two follow-up periods; the difference in success rate caused by gender, marital status and work-related social class has been eliminated after adjustment for the intervention.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Smoking 35 or more cigarettes per week or 5 or more cigarettes per day,
* Smoking for at least 2 years, with no period of abstinence longer than 3 months.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Using any smoking cessation drugs or nicotine replacement drugs in the last 3 months,
* Use of medication to treat depression or any psychiatric illness,
* Impaired renal function,
* Unstable medical condition,
* Pregnancy or breast feeding.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. age ≥ 18 years,
2. smoked tobacco during the prior 30 days,
3. have an active U.S. phone number and address,
4. can provide consent in English and
5. are in at least the contemplative stage of change for quitting smoking, as assessed by a single measure, readiness to quit

Exclusion Criteria:

1. use only smokeless tobacco,
2. are pregnant or breastfeeding,
3. are discharged to an institution (e.g., nursing home, long-term care facility),
4. are unable to provide informed consent, or do not have cognitive ability to enroll or participate in the study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years or older
* Enrolled in Free \& Clear, Inc. services
* Self-reported abstinence for at least 24 hours at the quit date call
* Able to read and speak English
* Personal access to a touch-tone telephone or cellular telephone

Exclusion Criteria:

* Have not stopped smoking for 24 hours
* Currently incarcerated
* Currently participating in any other smoking cessation research
* Live in same household as another study participant
* Participated in the Alere Wellbeing Quit for Life Program within the last 6 months
* Were previously enrolled in this study even if they repeat the smoking cessation program during the accrual period
* Hearing impaired enrollees receiving Free \& Clear services via telecommunications devices for the deaf (TDD) will be excluded from the study as the IVR technology currently does not have this capability
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Among patients applying to the smoking cessation outpatient clinic between March and October 2017,
* \>18-year old volunteers who smoked at least one cigarette/day,
* using WhatsApp at least on four days of the week,
* accepting the 3-month follow-up were included in the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Besides people who did not meet the inclusion criteria, other patients applying to the clinic but who were referred to another centre without receiving any treatment,
* people who were not 'ready to quit' according to the TTM stages of change evaluation
* who had already quit before applying to the clinic were excluded.
* If two or more patients were living in the same house or had applied to the clinic together, only the first of these was included and the rest were excluded from the study, as they could show the arriving messages to their friend/ partner/ relative.

Answer: D