Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Dose Escalation Study of Milnacipran 100 And 200 MG Daily in Patients With Fibromyalgia: Effects On 24 Hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure
Brief Summary: The study is designed to accurately assess any changes in blood pressure and pulse at 100 and 200 mg daily dose of milnacipran in patients with fibromyalgia syndrome.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 21 through 65 years old at registration
* Documentation of delayed gastric emptying on gastric emptying scintigraphy within 2 years of registration, defined as greater than 60% retention at 2 hours or greater than 10% retention at 4 hours
* Symptoms of gastroparesis for at least 6 months (does not have to be contiguous) prior to registration with Gastroparesis Cardinal Symptom Index (GCSI) score of 21 or greater
* Negative upper endoscopy or upper GI series within 2 years of registration

Exclusion Criteria:

* Normal gastric emptying confirmed with scintigraphy
* Diabetic gastroparesis or post-surgical gastroparesis including fundoplication
* Another active disorder which could explain symptoms in the opinion of the investigator
* History of significant cardiac arrhythmias and/or prolonged QTc
* History of seizures
* Use of narcotics more than 3 days per week
* Use of tricyclic antidepressants for refractory symptoms of gastroparesis within 6 weeks prior to randomization
* Use of strongly anticholinergic medications
* Use of calcium channel blockers
* Use of erythromycin
* Clear history of failed trial of nortriptyline use for gastroparetic symptoms
* Symptoms of primary depression or suicidal ideation
* Contraindications to nortriptyline:

  1. hypersensitivity or allergy to any tricyclic antidepressant drug
  2. concomitant therapy with a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI)
  3. recent myocardial infarction
  4. glaucoma
* Pregnancy or nursing
* Any other condition, which in the opinion of the investigator would impede compliance or hinder completion of the study
* Use of a G tube, J tube,or a central catheter for nutrition
* Use of a gastric electrical stimulator
* Failure to give informed consent
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* To be eligible to participate in the study, patients must meet the following criteria:

  1. Patients may be male or female between the ages of 18 and 70 years, inclusive
  2. Patients must have been diagnosed of primary fibromyalgia, as defined by the 1990 ACR Criteria for the Classification of Fibromyalgia
  3. Females must be either postmenopausal (no menses for at least 1 year), posthysterectomy, postoophorectomy (bilateral), or, if of childbearing potential, must have a negative urine pregnancy test prior to randomization and be using a medically acceptable form of contraception (eg, hormonal birth control, IUD, double-barrier method \[eg, simultaneous use of two of the following: male condom, female condom, diaphragm\], or a barrier method plus a spermicidal agent \[contraceptive foam, jelly, or cream\])
  4. Patients must have the ability to give written informed consent
  5. Patients may have hypertension untreated or treated with a maximum of two antihypertensive medications. (Note: medications contributing to a combination product(s) will each be considered as a separate medication.) If untreated, the patient should be stable, with no expectation of initiating treatment during the study. If treated, the patient must have been on stable doses of antihypertensive medications for at least 2 months, with the expectation that dose adjustments will not be necessary for the duration of the study. A patient will be classified as hypertensive if the patient is taking antihypertensive medication, has a SBP equal to or greater than 130 mm Hg, or has a DBP equal to or greater than 85 mm Hg. A patient will be classified as normotensive if he/she is not on antihypertensive medication and has a SBP less than 130 mm Hg and DBP less than 85 mm Hg
  6. Patients must have a mean of two sitting SBP measurements of less than 160 mm Hg and sitting DBP less than 100 mm Hg at Visit 1 (Screening) and Visit 2 (Baseline/Randomization) using an automatic office blood pressure monitor
  7. Patients must have normal physical examination findings, clinical laboratory results, and electrocardiogram (ECG) results from Visit 1 (Screening) or abnormal findings judged not clinically significant by the Investigator and documented as such in the eCRF
  8. Patients must be willing to withdraw from CNS-active therapies marketed as antidepressants, including monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclics, tetracyclics, selective-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (NARIs), noradrenaline-serotonin reuptake inhibitors (NSRI), serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), and St. John's Wort
  9. Patients must be willing to withdraw from pregabalin (Lyrica) or gabapentin (Neurontin).
  10. Patients must be willing to withdraw from stimulant medications such as those used to treat attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (eg, amphetamine/dextroamphetamine \[Adderall\], methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine) or the fatigue associated with sleep apnea or shift work (eg, modafinil)
  11. Patients must be willing to withdraw from anorectic agents such as diethylpropion , sibutramine (Meridia), and phentermine (Adipex)
  12. Patients must be willing to withhold certain medications for the 24 hours before, as well as during, any ABPM assessment. These medications include phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (eg, Viagra, Levitra, Cialis, Edex, Muse), decongestants (eg, pseudoephedrine, phenylephrine), and antimigraine therapies (eg, triptans such as Imitrex and Maxalt, ergotamines such as Cafergot and Midrin). If, for any reason, the patient takes any of these medications, the ABPM visit should be rescheduled so that at least 24 hours have transpired since the patient's last use

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who meet any of the following criteria will not be eligible to participate in the study:
* Psychological/Psychiatric Criteria

  1. Patients with a significant risk of suicide, according to the Investigator's judgment or based on an answer of 2 or 3 for question 9 of the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) (regarding suicidal ideation) performed at Visit 1 (Screening) or Visit 2 (Baseline/Randomization)
  2. Patients with a total BDI score greater than 25 at Visit 1 (Screening) or Visit 2 (Baseline/Randomization)
  3. Patients testing positive for illegal substances prior to Visit 2 (Baseline/Randomization) as demonstrated by positive drug screening or based on the Investigator's judgment
  4. Patients with any history or behavior that would, in the Investigator's judgment, prohibit compliance for the duration of the study
* Somatic Criteria

  1. Patients with myocardial infarction and/or stroke within the past 12 months; active cardiac disease (American Heart Association Functional Class 2, 3, or 4); congestive heart failure; hemodynamically significant valvular heart disease (including patients with a prosthetic heart valve); hypertensive cardiovascular disease changes (heart, eyes or kidneys) that in the Investigator's judgment, would preclude patient participation; ischemic changes; and/or clinically significant cardiac rhythm or conduction abnormalities (including atrial fibrillation, left bundle branch block, second- or third-degree heart block)
  2. Patients with a mean of two sitting systolic blood pressure (SBP) readings equal to or greater than 160 mm Hg or sitting diastolic blood pressure (DBP) equal to or greater than 100 mm Hg at Visits 1 (Screening) and 2 (Baseline/Randomization) using an automatic office blood pressure monitor
  3. Patients with pacemakers
  4. Patients with an upper arm circumference less than 24 cm or greater than 42 cm in their nondominant arm
  5. Patients with evidence of active liver disease (levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and/or alkaline phosphatase \> 1.5× the upper limit of the normal range for the clinical laboratory performing the test)
  6. Patients with renal impairment (estimated creatinine clearance \< 50 mL/min)
  7. Patients with documented autoimmune disease. Patients diagnosed with Hashimoto or Grave disease that has been stable for 3 months prior to Visit 1 (Screening) will be allowed to enroll
  8. Patients with current systemic infection (eg, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis)
  9. Patients with active cancer, except basal cell carcinoma. Patients taking prophylactic tamoxifen (or other antiestrogen agents) because of a family history of breast cancer or patients taking tamoxifen (or other antiestrogen agents) but who are at least 1 year post-active treatment of breast cancer, may be enrolled
  10. Patients with a current life expectancy of less than 1 year
  11. Patients with active peptic ulcer disease or history of inflammatory bowel disease or celiac sprue
  12. Patients with pulmonary dysfunction or severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that, in the Investigator's judgment, could interfere with study participation and completion
  13. Patients with unstable endocrine disease, including unstable diabetes or thyroid disease. Disorders that have been stable for the preceding 3 months will be acceptable
  14. Male patients with prostatic enlargement or other genitourinary disorders who might be at significant risk for dysuria and/or urinary retention while taking agents with noradrenaline-reuptake inhibition properties
  15. Pregnant or breastfeeding patients
  16. Any other conditions (such as epilepsy) that, in the Investigator's judgment, would indicate that the patient is unsuitable for the study (eg, might interfere with study conduct, confound the interpretation of study results, endanger the patient)
* Treatment-Related Criteria

  1. Patients who have received treatment with an experimental agent within the last 30 days prior to Visit 1 (Screening). Patients who have completed previous milnacipran studies (ie, all respective protocol-related study procedures have been completed by the patient) are eligible to participate. Any patients who failed screening in previous milnacipran studies may be re-evaluated, and eligible patients may enroll. Patients currently enrolled in Study MLN-MD-06 are not eligible to participate
  2. Patients who are receiving concomitant therapy with digitalis (digoxin) preparations. (Note: Patients should not undergo washout of digoxin; therefore, patients on digoxin should not be enrolled in the study)
  3. Patients who are receiving concomitant therapy with monoamine oxidase inhibitors, tricyclics, tetracyclics, SSRIs, noradrenaline or noradrenaline-serotonin (NSRI) reuptake inhibitors, SNRIs, St. John's Wort, and/or other agents marketed as antidepressants and are unable to washout or for whom washout is inadvisable\*
  4. Patients who are receiving concomitant therapy with pregabalin (Lyrica) or gabapentin (Neurontin) and are unable to washout or for whom washout is inadvisable\*
  5. Patients who are receiving concomitant therapy with stimulant medications such as those used to treat attention deficit disorder/attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (eg, amphetamine/dextroamphetamine \[Adderall\], methylphenidate, dextroamphetamine) or the fatigue associated with sleep apnea or shift work (eg, modafinil) and are unable to washout or for whom washout is inadvisable\*
  6. Patients who are receiving concomitant therapy with anorectic agents such as diethylpropion , sibutramine (Meridia), and phentermine (Adipex) and are unable to washout or for whom washout is inadvisable\*
  7. Patients who require the use of agents affecting serotonin pharmacology, such as ondansetron (Zofran), granisetron (Kytril), and/or dolasetron (Anzemet)
  8. Patients who require doses of guaifenesin greater than 2400 mg/d (approximately 24 teaspoons)
* Occupational Criteria

  1. Patients whose occupation requires them to work nocturnal hours (eg, 11 PM to 7 AM)
* ABPM Criteria

  1. Patients whose ABPM results at Visit 2 (Baseline/Randomization) do not satisfy ABPM inclusion/exclusion criteria outlined in the ABPM training manual
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* male or female patients
* aged 18 and older who meet criteria for fibromyalgia as defined by the American College of Rheumatology
* have a score of at least 4 on the average pain item of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) (modified short form) at visits 1 and 2
* all females must test negative for pregnancy at the time of enrollment
* have a degree of understanding such that the patient can provide informed consent, complete protocol required assessments and communicate intelligibly with the investigator and study coordinator.

Exclusion Criteria:

* have pain symptoms related to traumatic injury, structural rheumatic disease, or regional rheumatic disease that will interfere with interpretation of outcome measures
* have regional pain syndrome, multiple surgeries or failed back syndrome
* have confirmed current or previous diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory arthritis, or infectious arthritis, or an autoimmune disease (i.e. systemic lupus erythematosus)
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* primary knee osteoarthritis

Exclusion Criteria:

* inflammatory conditions
* autoimmune disorders
* psychiatric illness
* morbid obesity

Answer: B