Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Prevention of Pre-Term Birth by Treatment of Periodontal Disease During Pregnancy - The Smile Study
Brief Summary: The aim of the study is to investigate, in an Australian population of pregnant women, whether the treatment of periodontal disease during pregnancy prevents pre-term birth and other complications of pregnancy. Dental screening and periodontal treatment protocols have been based on standard techniques employed by hygienists that can be readily applied to the general obstetric population.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Willing to be randomized and complete treatment protocols and provide informed consent
* Planning on prenatal care and delivery at the enrollment center
* Pregnant and able to complete periodontal treatment prior to 236 weeks gestation
* At least 16 years old at enrollment
* Minimum of 20 teeth present
* Three (3) or more periodontal sites with \> 3mm clinical attachment loss

Exclusion Criteria:

* Multiple gestation
* Positive history of HIV infection, AIDS, autoimmune disease, or diabetes (gestational diabetes is acceptable)
* Any medical contraindication to periodontal probing or periodontal treatment that would require antibiotic prophylaxis, (e.g., congenital heart disease, use of Phen- fen for weight loss without a clear
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Gestational age between 6 and 20 completed weeks

Exclusion Criteria:

* Periodontal treatment during the pregnancy
* Antibiotic use within 2 weeks of enrollment
* Use of antimicrobial mouthwash within 2 weeks
* Multiple gestation
* Known mitral valve prolapse
C: Inclusion

* Be pregnant in the first 13-16 weeks of gestation as determined by menstrual history and obstetrical ultrasound
* Be at least 16 years of age
* Have at least 20 natural teeth,
* Have bleeding on probing (BOP) on at least 35% of all tooth sites
* Have 4 or more teeth with pockets greater than or equal to 4 mm and attachment loss greater than or equal to 2 mm

Exclusion

* Are unable to provide informed consent or are unable to cooperate with the study protocol.
* May be placed at medical risk as a result of participation (i.e. subjects with hematologic disease or other disorders tha preclude routine non-surgical periodontal therapy).
* Have multiple fetuses as diagnosed by ultrasound.
* Require antibiotic prophylaxis for periodontal procedures
* Require greater than 3 essential dental care visits because of extensive decay and/or broken teeth and are likely to have less than 20 natural teeth following essential dental care
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women, with single pregnancies, between 12 and 20 weeks gestation
* Periodontal disease defined as periodontal pocketing at a threshold of 4mm or more at 10% or more of sites
* Agree to receive periodontal treatment

Exclusion Criteria:

* Unable to attend for treatment
* Less than 16 years of age
* Have a fetus with an abnormality that predisposes the pregnancy to pre-term birth
* Multiple pregnancy
* Cardiac disease that would require antibiotic therapy
* Have fewer than 20 teeth
* Present for antenatal care after 20 weeks gestation
* Unable to understand the implications of participation in the trial
* Currently receiving periodontal treatment

Answer: D