Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Buprenorphine and Methadone for Opioid Dependent Chronic Pain Patients
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine if buprenorphine or methadone is better for the treatment of chronic pain among patients who have become addicted to prescription narcotics.


Options:
A: Inclusion criteria: Subjects meeting FDA criteria for opioid agonist maintenance treatment and DSM-IV criteria for opioid dependence will be eligible for the study. Women of childbearing age will be included provided they agree to adequate contraception and to monthly pregnancy monitoring throughout the study.

Exclusion criteria include: pregnancy, current dependence on alcohol, benzodiazepines or sedatives; current suicide or homicide risk; current psychotic disorder or major depression; inability to read or understand English; life-threatening or unstable medical problems.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Voluntarily provide written informed consent prior to the conduct of any study-related procedures
* Male or female, 18-65 years of age
* Meet DSM-IV-TR criteria for current opioid dependence
* Females of childbearing potential or a fertile male, must use a reliable means of contraception

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current diagnosis of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
* Received any medication-assisted treatment for opioid dependence (e.g., methadone, BPN) within the previous 90 days
* Current diagnosis of chronic pain requiring opioids for treatment
* Candidates for short-term opioid treatment (\<6 months) only, or opioid detoxification therapy
* Pregnant or lactating female?
* Previous hypersensitivity or allergy to BPN, EVA-containing substances, or naloxone
* Current use of agents metabolized through Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP 3A4) such as azole antifungals (e.g., ketoconazole), macrolide antibiotics (e.g., erythromycin), or protease inhibitors (e.g., ritonavir, indinavir, and saquinavir)
* History of coagulopathy within the past 90 days, and/or current anti-coagulant therapy such as warfarin
* Meet the DSM-IV-TR criteria for dependence on any other psychoactive substances other than opioids or nicotine (e.g., alcohol, sedatives)
* Significant medical or psychiatric symptoms, cognitive impairment, or other factors which in the opinion of the Investigator would preclude compliance with the protocol, subject safety, adequate cooperation in the study, or obtaining informed consent
* Current medical conditions such as severe respiratory insufficiency that may prevent the subject from safely participating in study, or any pending legal action that could prohibit participation or compliance in the study
* Exposure to any investigational drug within the previous 8 weeks
* Previous exposure to Probuphine, or prior implantation with a placebo implant in the context of a Probuphine clinical trial
* Presence of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels greater than or equal to 3 X the upper limit of normal, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels greater than or equal to 3 X the upper limit of normal, total bilirubin greater than or equal to 1.5 X the upper limit of normal, or creatinine greater than 1.5 X upper limit of normal on the screening laboratory assessments
* Clinically significant low platelet count on the screening laboratory assessments
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* chronic back pain
* opioid addiction
* not successful with abstinence
* at least 18 years old
* able to understand spoken English
* live in Western New York State (Erie or Niagara county)
* have health insurance or ability to pay for health care
* no methadone or buprenorphine treatment within past year
* not member of a vulnerable population (e.g., pregnancy, prisoner)

Exclusion Criteria:

* homelessness
* unable to give consent (e.g., dementia, psychosis)
* serious heart or lung disease
* taking a medication that could interact with methadone or buprenorphine
* pregnancy
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. have a well-documented chronic pain disorder due to past back surgery,
2. have a chronic back pain syndrome,
3. have evidence of opioid addiction,
4. prior attempt at abstinence-oriented treatment documented by the referring physician,
5. be able to understand spoken and written English,
6. reside in Erie or Niagara counties,
7. have health insurance or other ability to pay for treatment with the approval from patient's primary physician;
8. have no prior history of methadone or BUP/NLX maintenance treatment since the last surgery,
9. not be a member of a vulnerable population, including prisoners

Exclusion Criteria:

1. homeless, or any patient without a "locator" (no means to participate in the follow-up data collection interviews by phone),
2. inability to give consent,
3. those with major co-occurring psychiatric disorders,
4. EKG showing prolonged QT and/or previous cardiac issues,
5. are taking a medication that is contraindicated with methadone,
6. medically unstable,
7. urine positive for cocaine at initial visit,
8. pregnant women

Answer: C