Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo Controlled Trial of Albendazole in Soil-Transmitted Helminth and HIV-1 co-Infected Kenyan Individuals to Determine the Effect of Such Treatment on HIV-1 Disease Progression and Genital Shedding.
Brief Summary: Identifying methods to slow disease progression in patients with HIV-1 infection remains a top priority in many regions of the world. In many countries, medications known to slow progression are not readily affordable or available. Many of the individuals living in these countries are also co-infected with a variety of other diseases such as tuberculosis, malaria and soil-transmitted helminths. There are data to suggest that infection with these agents may activate the immune system in HIV-1 co-infected individuals and may lead to more rapid HIV disease progression. This study will evaluate the potential impact of treating helminths in HIV-1 seropositive individuals. Markers of disease progression and immune activation will be assessed. We will also measure the amount of virus in genital secretions to determine if treatment of co-infection can reduce the infectiousness of HIV in these individuals.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants must not be or have been on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
* Participants must have a CD4 count greater than 250 cells/mm3.
* Participants must be at least 18 years of age.
* Participants must be able and willing to participate and give written informed consent.
* Participants must be able and willing to return for the scheduled follow-up visits.
* In addition, in order to be included in the treatment phase of the study, patients must have at least one stool specimen positive for a soil transmitted helminth.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Participants who have received treatment for helminth infection in the past 6 months (by self report or chart review).
* Participants must not be pregnant at the time of treatment (by urine HCG testing).
* Participants who present with other serious co-morbidities such as severe anaemia, malaria or tuberculosis.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participants must not be or have been on highly active antiretroviral therapy.
* Participants must have CD4 count \> 350 cells/mm3 in order to be enrolled in the randomized controlled trial.
* Participants must be at least 18 years of age.
* Participants must be able and willing to participate and give written informed consent.
* Participants must be able and willing to return for the scheduled follow-up visits.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Participants must not be pregnant at the time of enrollment (by urine HCG testing).
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Informed and written consent to take part in the study
* Newly diagnosed pulmonary TB patients according to the WHO definitions of active tuberculosis who have a positive stool sample for helminths other than Schistosoma spp.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy
* Corticosteroid or antibiotic treatment
* Symptomatic (diarrhoea) infection caused by worm infection
* Chronic diseases or acute infectious diseases other than TB or HIV
* Stool sample positive for Schistosoma spp
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with positive strongyloides larva in the stool

Exclusion Criteria:

* Pregnancy
* Lactating women
* Known allergy to any study drug

Answer: A