Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Randomized Trial of Ultrasound-guided Radial Artery Cannulation Using Dynamic Short Axis Versus Conventional Long-axis In-plane View in Cardiac Surgery Patients.
Brief Summary: When performing vascular cannulation such as radial artery cannulation, ultrasonography (US) helps proper positioning of the tip of needle in the vascular lumen, which facilitating cannulation of the catheter and successful pressure monitoring. Conventionally, short-axis out-of-plane (SAX) and long-axis in-plane (LAX) views are commonly used method to image the target vessel during cannulation under US guidance. Dynamic needle tip positioning (DNTP) method is newly introduced by one group of investigators who conducted a related study using vascular phantom model.

In DNTP, SAX is used, and additionally, when the needle tip is imaged in the screen as an echogenic point, the practitioner (a) proximally moves the US probe a bit, and then (b) the needle is advanced until the needle tip reappears in the screen. In this manner, the practitioner repeats (a) and (b) until the needle is inserted 1 cm into the lumen of vessel, and then the catheter is inserted to finish the procedure.

DNTP has not been compared to conventional imaging methods. The aim of this trial is to see the effect of DNTP on success rate of the radial artery cannulation at the first attempt, compared to the conventional LAX.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age over 18 years;
* Hospitalization in resuscitation;
* Necessity of installation of an arterial catheter
* Signed informed consent.
* Affiliation to a social security scheme

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient under tutorship or curatorship
* Minor Patient
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Elective cardiovascular surgery where RA catheterization is newly required.

Exclusion Criteria:

* skin infection or trauma
* Bilateral arteriovenous fistula for dialysis
* Severe peripheral vascular disease
* Severe arteriosclerosis or arterial atheroma
* Raynaud disease
* Shock
* Patients on ECMO or IABP support
* Morbid obesity
* Profound coagulopathy
* Negative results of modified Allen's test
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18 years and older
* Undergoing diagnostic angiography for ischemic symptoms with possible PCI, or undergoing planned urgent or elective PCI
* Has provided informed consent and agrees to participate
* Patients must be equally eligible to undergo cardiac catheterization via radial or femoral access

Exclusion Criteria:

* Primary PCI for STEMI
* Planned right heart catheterization
* Valvular heart disease requiring valve surgery within 30 days after the index procedure
* Hemodialysis access (arteriovenous fistula or graft) in the arm to be used for PCI in case of assignment to radial approach (the opposite arm may be used for radial access if a dialysis graft is present in one)
* Peripheral arterial disease prohibiting vascular access
* Presence of bilateral internal mammary artery coronary bypass grafts
* International normalized ratio ≥1.5 while treated with oral vitamin K antagonists (i.e. warfarin) Receipt of oral factor Xa or IIa inhibitors ≤24 h before procedure
* Planned staged PCI within 30 days after index procedure.
* Any planned surgeries within 30 days after index procedure
* Planned dual arterial access (for example for chronic total occlusion PCI)
* Coexisting conditions that limit life expectancy to less than 30 days
* Positive pregnancy test
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* All adult Patients worthy of radial artery cannulation, who consented

Exclusion Criteria:

* No consent

Answer: B