Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of Low Glycemic Index Diets on Glucose Control in Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetics
Brief Summary: Large observational studies have shown cereal fiber to protect from diabetes and heart disease. Despite the success of acarbose, an α-glucosidase hydrolase inhibitor, which lowers the glycemic index of foods containing starch, sucrose and maltodextrins, the use of diets containing low glycemic index foods still remains to be established. We will therefore provide otherwise healthy individuals with type 2 diabetes intensive counseling on food selection either to improve glucose control using high cereal fiber dietary strategies or low glycemic index foods. Studies will last 6 months with bloods taken for HbA1c, glucose and blood lipids. If the study shows a benefit for either or both diets then use of high fiber and/or low glycemic index foods in the diet may provide another potential way to improve glucose control and lower cholesterol levels in non-insulin dependent diabetes.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* BMI \> 25 to \< 42
* Waist circumference of \> 40 inches for males and \> 35 inches for females and having one other of the criteria for metabolic syndrome will be recruited
* In this population, we will also accept the following:

  * LDL-C \< 175 mg/dL
  * HDL-C \> 25 mg/dL
  * Triglycerides \< 400 mg/dL
* All subjects will be required to meet one specific criteria for metabolic syndrome beyond increased waist circumference

Exclusion Criteria:

* Smokers
* Have insulin-dependent diabetes
* Are pregnant or expecting to be pregnant, lactating in the last 6 months
* Are taking NSAIDS or other medications known to affect inflammatory markers or drugs affecting glucose metabolism

Blood pressure lowering medications are acceptable if the person has controlled BP at screening, \<140/90 mmHg.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Men and Women (age range 23-64 y)
* BMI of 18-30kg/m2
* Fasting glucose concentration \>5.5 but \<7.5mmol/L
* Total cholesterol \>5.2 but \<7.8mmol/L

Exclusion Criteria:

* medical history of heart disease, diabetes mellitus, cancer, pancreatitis or renal disease
* use of lipid lowering drugs, systemic corticosteroids or drugs for regulating hemostasis
* exposure to any investigational agent \<42 d before the study
* presence of gastrointestinal disorder or use of a drug likely to alter gastrointestinal motility or nutrient absorption
* history of substance misuse or alcoholism
* current pregnancy, planned pregnancy, or given birth in the past 12 months
* antibiotic treatment 6 weeks previous to study start date
* allergy or intolerance to intervention breakfast cereals components
* smoking
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Men and postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes treated with diet plus oral hypoglycemic agents (Sulfonylureas, Biguanides, Thiazolidinediones , and new secretagogues (Repaglinide)) at a stable dose for at least 3 months prior to starting the study
* HbA1c between 6.5 and 8.0% at recruitment
* living within a 40 km radius of St. Michael's Hospital
* Diabetes diagnosed \> 6 months prior to randomization

Exclusion Criteria:

* diabetic complications: clinically significant gastroparesis, retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, hepatic disease, or CHD (current clinically significant CHD e.g. unstable angina)
* taking insulin or acarbose
* smoking or significant alcohol intake (\> 1 drink/day)
* serum triglycerides \> 4.0 mmol/L
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* all adults aged 50-65 years old with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
* stable physical condition
* fasting plasma glucose (FPG) concentration ≥7.8mmol/L or 2-h postprandial blood glucose (PG) ≥11.1mmol/L after 75g oral dextrose with an glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)\>7 %, stable medication.

Exclusion Criteria:

* pregnancy
* breastfeeding
* severe renal or hepatic complications
* treatment by glucocorticoid
* having pancreatic disease or malignancy in recent 3 months
* other factors that may limit adherence to interventions or affect conduct of the trial or participation in another supplementary feeding programme.

Answer: C