Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Multicentre, Unblinded, Open Label, Randomised, Controlled Trial to Assess the Effect of Augmented Vs. Normal Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy (CRRT) on 90-Day All-Cause Mortality of Intensive Care Unit Patients With Severe Acute Renal Failure (ARF).
Brief Summary: This study seeks to determine if increasing the dose of continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) reduces 90-day all cause mortality in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients with severe acute renal failure (ARF).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. The treating clinician believes that the patient requires CRRT for acute renal failure.
2. The clinician is uncertain about the balance of benefits and risks likely to be conferred by treatment with higher intensity or lower intensity CRRT.
3. The treating clinicians anticipate treating the patient with CRRT for at least 72 hours.
4. Informed consent has been obtained
5. The patient fulfils ONE of the following clinical criteria for initiating CRRT:

   * Oliguria (urine output \< 100ml/6hr) that has been unresponsive to fluid resuscitation measures.
   * Hyperkalemia (\[K+\] \> 6.5 mmol/L).
   * Severe acidemia (pH \< 7.2).
   * Urea \> 25 mmol/liter.
   * Creatinine \>300 micromol/L in the setting of ARF.
   * Clinically significant organ oedema in the setting of ARF (eg: lung).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patient age is \<18 years.
2. Death is imminent (\<24 hours).
3. There is a strong likelihood that the study treatment would not be continued in accordance with the study protocol.
4. The patient has been treated with CRRT or other dialysis previously during the same hospital admission.
5. The patient was on maintenance dialysis prior to the current hospitalisation.
6. The patient's body weight is \<60 kg or \>100kg.
7. Any other major illness that, in the investigator's judgment, will substantially increase the risk associated with the subject's participation in this study.
B: Inclusion criteria The following five criteria are required for inclusion

1. Hospitalized in intensive care unit
2. Age ≥ 18 years
3. Acute kidney injury compatible with the diagnosis of acute tubular necrosis defined by a clinical ischemic or toxic insult context
4. Have an AKI classified as RIFLE F, that is to say, with at least one of the following three criteria:

   * creatinine\> 354 mmol / l or \> 3 times the baseline creatinine
   * anuria for more than 12 hours
   * oliguria defined as urine output \< 0.3 ml / kg / h or \< 500ml/d for more than 24 hours
5. Mechanical ventilation and/or catecholamines infusion (noradrenaline or/and adrenaline)

Non-inclusion criteria

One or more of the following criteria:

* Chronic renal failure (defined as creatinine clearance \< 30 ml / min)
* Patients already enrolled in the study
* Inclusion criteria number 4 present for more than 5 hours
* Acute renal failure due to:

  * urinary tract obstruction
  * renal vessels obstruction
  * tumor lysis syndrome
  * thrombotic microangiopathy
  * acute glomerulonephritis
* Intoxication with a dialyzable product
* Child-Pugh class C liver cirrhosis
* Renal transplant
* Cardiac arrest without awakening at time of potential inclusion
* Moribund state
* Decision to limit treatment
* RRT already started for the current episode of AKI
* Presenting (at the time of potential inclusion) a strong indication for immediate RRT

  * oligoanuria for more than 3 days
  * serum urea concentration \> 40 mmol / l serum potassium concentration \> 6 mmol /L, serum potassium concentration \> 5.5 mmol /L that persists despite well-conducted medical treatment with at least sodium bicarbonate and / or glucose-insulin infusion, arterial pH \< 7.15 in the context of pure metabolic acidosis (PaCO2 \<35 mmHg) or in the context of mixed acidosis with PaCO2\> 50 mmHg without possibility of lowering this PaCO2 value, acute overload pulmonary edema generating severe hypoxemia requiring oxygen flow\> 5L/min in spontaneously breathing patients or FiO2\> 50% in mechanically (invasive or noninvasive) ventilated to maintain SpO2\> 95%, despite diuretic therapy.
* Under cardiopulmonary bypass
* Included in another clinical trial on RRT modalities.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Adult patients (over 16 years of age) admitted to a participating ICU
2. Serum creatinine increase of ≥ 50% from baseline
3. Hemodynamic instability as defined by the cardiovascular component of the SOFA score of ≥ 1
4. Attending physician deems the patient a candidate for RRT for at least one of the following reasons:

   1. Presence of oliguria, defined as a urine output of \< 100 mL in the preceding 4 hours
   2. metabolic acidosis (HCO3- \< 15 mmol/L and pH \< 7.25)
   3. refractory hyperkalemia (K \> 6.0 mmol/L)
   4. azotemia (BUN \> 50 mmol/L)
   5. suspected uremic organ involvement (pericarditis, encephalopathy, neuropathy or myopathy)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. renal replacement therapy within the previous 2 months
2. presence of renal obstruction
3. receipt of a kidney transplant in the previous year
4. diagnosis of rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, vasculitis, or acute interstitial nephritis
5. indication for intermittent hemodialysis, specifically severe hyperkalemia, dialyzable drug or toxin
6. terminal illness with associated life expectancy less than 2 months
7. patients who are moribund
8. prior enrollment in this study
9. enrollment in a competing ICU interventional study
10. no CRRT machine available
11. acute renal replacement ongoing for \> 36 hours
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age older than 18 years old and admission in an ICU
* Acute kidney injury (defined by serum creatinine increase ≥ 0.3 mg/dL or urine output ≤ 0.5 mL/kg/hour according to KDIGO criteria)
* Informed consent provided by the patient or person with decisional responsibility
* Indwelling bladder catheter
* Documented cause of acute kidney injury from acute tubular necrosis e.g. presence of granular or epithelial casts on urine sediment, FeNa more than 1%, Feurea more than 50%, urine or plasma neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) more than 150 mg/dL
* Opinion of the treating clinical team that patient was well resuscitated and sufficiently clinically stable for the intervention or by noninvasive or invasive measurements i.e. fluid accumulation at least 5% plus at least one of the following e.g. chest radiography, central venous pressure ≥ 8 mmHg, pulse pressure variation \< 13%, inferior vena cava collapsibility index \< 50% in spontaneously breathing patients or distensibility index \< 18% in mechanically ventilated patients

Exclusion Criteria:

* Baseline serum creatinine ≥ 2 mg/dL (male) and ≥ 1.5 mg/dL (female) within 3 months
* Evidence of volume depletion at the time of furosemide administration or active bleeding
* Evidence of obstructive uropathy, renal vein thrombosis or renal artery stenosis, thrombotic microangiopathy, glomerulonephritis, tumor lysis syndrome
* History of renal allograft
* Known pregnancy
* Allergy or known sensitivity to loop diuretics
* Need for emergency renal replacement therapy at randomization or evaluation by the clinical team that the renal replacement therapy should be deferred
* Patient is moribund with expected death within 24 hr or whom survival to 28 days is unlikely due to an uncontrollable comorbidity (cardiac, pulmonary or hepatic end-stage disease; hepatorenal syndrome; poorly controlled cancer; severe post-anoxic encephalopathy; etc.)
* Patients with advance directives issued expressing the desire not to be resuscitated
* Prior treatment with RRT within 30 days

Answer: A