Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effect of an Exercise-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program 'Baduanjin-eight-silken-movement With Self-efficacy Building' for Patients With Chronic Heart Failure in Guangzhou, China (BESMILE-HF Study)
Brief Summary: Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a major and growing public health problem and poses economic burden on the society. There is a need for a safe, equipment-free, low-cost, and easily implemented exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program for CHF patients in China. Baduanjin exercise, translated as 'eight silken movements', is one of the most common forms of traditional Chinese exercise and it could have value to be integrated into a exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation program for CHF patients, together with education, evaluation and consultancy. Accordingly, the BESMILE-HF program applying the Baduanjin exercise as the central component, has been developed in Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine which is one of the largest hospitals of Chinese medicine in China. This project is to evaluate the efficacy and acceptability of BESMILE-HF program in patients with CHF in China, and it will be based on a randomized controlled trial and a qualitative study.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. aged 18 years or above
2. diagnosed with chronic heart failure
3. clinically stable as defined as symptoms and signs that have remained generally unchanged for at least 1 month
4. NYHA functional class II or III

Exclusion Criteria:

1. patients who have contraindications to cardiopulmonary test
2. patients who have contraindications to exercise training
3. Patients who have serious acute or chronic organic disease or mental disorders
4. history of cardiac surgery, cardiac resynchronization therapy, or intracardiac defibrillation within the previous 3 months;
5. history of cardiac arrest within 1 year;
6. history of peripartum cardiomyopathy, hyperthyroid heart disease, primary pulmonary hypertension;
7. inability to perform a bicycle stress test;
8. severe cognitive dysfunction precluding informed consent or understanding of exercise concepts;
9. current regular Baduanjin or current participation in a conventional cardiac rehabilitation program
10. current participation in another trial.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* A confirmed diagnosis of MS
* Known to a MS consultant in NHS Ayrshire and Arran, Lothian or Plymouth Hospitals NHS Trust
* EDSS of 4 - 6.5
* Access to a personal computer/tablet or smart television with an email address and internet connection

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently taking part in regular exercise (two or more times per week) and/or a regular physiotherapy programme
* Poor cognitive function as assessed by a Mini Mental State Examination Score (MMSE) \<24
* Any significant change in medication (within the last 3 months)
* Relapse within 3 months requiring treatment
* Other significant co-morbidities for which exercise is contra-indicated
* Unwilling to be randomised to intervention/control group
* Currently participating in another clinical trial (rehabilitation or pharmacological)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Women and men above 18 years
* Must have signed the "Informed Consent" document
* Must be able to understand study information
* Must live in Hjørring or Frederikshavn Kommune
* Must have mobile network
* Must be able to use IT or have a near person who can use IT
* Patients with clinical diagnosis of Heart Failure, Myocardial Infarction, Angina Pectoris, patients who have had Coronary-Artery Bypass Surgery.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who, according to investigator, will not be able to participate in the study
* Lack of ability to speak and understand Danish
* Pregnancy or nursing
* Neurologic disease
* Use of wheelchair/lack of ability to walk
* Participation in other studies which can influence the outcomes of this study
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Underactive adults (\< 60 minutes of moderate intensity exercise per week in the last month)
* Diagnosis of a physical/mobility disability by their physician
* Working age adult 18 to 70 yrs. of age
* No physician contraindications to exercise and written physician approval to participate in the study
* Not currently enrolled in a structured exercise program over the past 6 months
* Have the ability to use upper, lower or both sets of extremities to exercise
* Must have the ability to converse and read English

Exclusion Criteria:

* Medically unstable to perform home exercise as determined by their physician
* High level tetraplegia and unable to use arms or legs to exercise
* Cognitive impairment that may preclude self-directed daily activities
* No internet access.

Answer: A