Please select the outcome measures that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Prevention of Weight Gain Among Normal Weight, Obesity Susceptible, Pre-school Children - a Randomized Controlled Interventions Study.
Brief Summary: Obesity prevention should remain a priority, although there is some evidence of a possible leveling off in some age groups across European countries and in USA, Japan and Australia. Besides adult health problems such as type-2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases, obesity in childhood is associated with psychological and social problems, low self-esteem, stigmatization and being teased and bullied by friends. Danish research suggests that the causes behind the increase in obesity occurrence are present already in early childhood, and that prevention of obesity therefore has to start early. Research has suggested that at least three sub-groups can be considered susceptible to develop obesity: Children with obesity among their 1st degree relatives; children with a high birth weight or children coming from socially disadvantaged families (low socioeconomic status). Earlier intervention programs has showed little effect in preventing excessive weight gain and knowledge on how to develop effective intervention programs that reduce overweight and obesity remains limited. It has been suggested that future prevention programs may be more successful if specifically targeting groups that are at high risk, as mention above, of excessive weight gain.

Based on these suggestions, the "Sund Start" project was initiated. The purpose of the study was to determine whether aiming prevention towards 2-6 years old Danish children who were yet normal weight, but were considered susceptible to develop overweight or obese could prevent later on risk of becoming overweight or obese. Furthermore, to investigate if it was possible to improve diet habits, increase physical activity, reduce stress and improve sleeping habits among children at high risk for later on overweight and obesity.

The "Sund Start" project will contribute with knowledge about whether targeting normal weight, predisposed children is effective in preventing overweight and obesity, and if reduced stress and improved sleep, should be considered important new obesity prevention tools. Moreover, the project will contribute with knowledge about how to change lifestyle and its effects on development of overweight and obesity in high risk Danish preschool children.


Options:
A: Child percent body fat after the 8-month intervention period, controlling for baseline percent body fat. Percent body fat will be calculated using Dezenberg's equation which takes into account child height, weight, gender, race, and tricep skinfolds. (baseline, 8 months and 14 months)
B: Anthropometric measurements (1.3 years); Anthropometric measurements (5 years); Anthropometric measurements (10 years)
C: Body height and weight (Sept 2006- May 2009); Healthy Start Knowledge Quiz (Sept 2006- May 2009); 24-hour diet observation and recall (Sept 2006- May 2009); Physical activity (Sept 2006- May 2009); Television viewing (child outcomes, measured immediately after the study and at a 1-year follow-up visit) (Sept 2006- May 2009); Score on short Acculturation Scale (parent outcome, measured immediately after the study and at a 1-year follow-up visit) (Sept 2006- May 2009); Nutrition and exercise knowledge (Sept 2006- May 2009); Self-efficacy for eating and exercise behaviors (Sept 2006- May 2009); Score on Nutrition Attitudes Scale (Sept 2006- May 2009); Support and role modeling for healthy eating (teacher outcomes, measured immediately after the study and at a 1-year follow-up visit) (Sept 2006- May 2009)
D: School-time and total daily MVPA (5 months and 1.5 years)

Answer: B