Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Comparison of the Metabolic Effects of Fructose, Glucose, High Fructose Corn Syrup and Sucrose at Normal Population Consumed Levels on Liver and Muscle Fatty Infiltration, Insulin Resistance, Glucose, Insulin, Leptin, Ghrelin, Postprandial Triglycerides, LDL Particle Size, Uric Acid and Appetite in Adults Aged 20-60 Years Old
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to investigate the acute and chronic effects of consumption fructose containing sugars and glucose in a real word setting when consumed in a manner and amount typical in the American diet.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Body Mass Index (BMI) 21.0 -33.0

Exclusion Criteria:

* More than a 3% change in weight within the 3 months prior to enrollment in the study.
* Currently smoking cigarettes
* Currently taking any prescription medication for less than 3 months.
* Currently taking a prescription medication for weight loss (4 week wash out period required).
* Currently taking any over-the-counter weight loss supplement/s (2 week wash out period required).
* History of thyroid disease, but not taking medication or medication dosage changed one or more times over last 6 months.
* Diagnosed with Type I or Type II diabetes or prediabetes.
* Major surgery within three months of enrollment.
* History of heart problems (e.g. angina, bypass surgery, MI, etc.) within three months prior to enrollment.
* Presence of implanted cardiac defibrillator or pacemaker.
* Uncontrolled hypertension/high blood pressure.
* History of a surgical procedure for weight loss at any time.
* Gastrointestinal disorders including chronic malabsorptive conditions, peptic ulcer disease, Crohn's disease, chronic diarrhea or active gallbladder disease.
* History of inflammatory bowel disease
* History of fatty liver
* History or presence of cancer (except for successfully resected basal cell carcinoma of the skin more than 6 months prior to enrollment).
* History of clinically diagnosed eating disorders including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge eating disorder.
* Women who are pregnant, lactating or trying to become pregnant.
* History of alcohol dependency
* Currently consuming \>14 alcoholic drinks (1 drink = 12 fl oz beer, 4 fl oz wine or 1.5 fl oz liquor) per week and/or unwilling to limit intake to less than 3 drinks per week during study participation.
* Lactose intolerance
* Known allergy to HFCS, sucrose, fructose or glucose.
* Any clinically significant food allergy
* Participation in another clinical trial within 30 days prior to enrollment.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* healthy men and women aged 30 to 65 years who has one or more self-assessed ischemic heart disease risk factors at screening: physical inactivity, overweight or obese (BMI ≥ 25/m2 ), waist circumference (≥ 80 cm for women, ≥ 94 cm for men). In addition, the participants should have the motivation and willingness to be randomized to any of the three groups, and to do their best to follow the given protocol .

Exclusion Criteria:

* no internet access or no access to a computer, smoking, pregnancy, or breast-feeding or planning to become pregnant within the next 12 months, a history of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, chronic disease / disorders that may affect the results of the study, substance abuse within the past 12 months, regular alcohol consumption \> 21 units / week for men or \> 14 units/ week for women, allergy or intolerance to food groups in the dietary guidelines, supplements with mega doses of nutrients that can have potential impact on ischemic heart disease risk markers (eg . fish oils).
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Body mass index 18.5-29.9 kg∙m-2
* Age 18-65 years
* Able and willing to provide informed consent and safely comply with study procedures
* Females to maintain record of regular menstrual cycle phase/contraceptive use
* No anticipated changes in physical activity during the first 4 weeks of the study (e.g. holidays or training programmes)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any reported condition or behaviour deemed either to pose undue personal risk to the participant or introduce bias
* Any diagnosed metabolic disease (e.g. type 1 or type 2 diabetes)
* Any reported use of substances which may pose undue personal risk to the participants or introduce bias into the experiment
* Lifestyle not conforming to standard sleep-wake cycle (e.g. shift worker)
* Any reported recent (\<6 months) change in body mass (± 3%)
* Use of antibiotic medication in the last 3 months
* Use of prebiotic or probiotic products in the last month
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Self-identify as African American
* Be between the ages of 18-65 years
* Body Mass Index between 25- 49.9 kg/m2
* Live in the Columbia, SC/Midlands area
* Be able to attend all monitoring and weekly class visits
* Be willing to be randomized to either diet

Exclusion Criteria:

* Currently following a vegan diet
* Diagnosed with diabetes that is controlled by medication
* Currently pregnant or breastfeeding (or plan to become pregnant in the next 24 months)
* Under the age of 18 years old
* Over the age of 65 years old
* Currently participating in a weight loss program
* Has lost more than 10 pounds in the past 6 months
* Diagnosed with stroke or heart attack

Answer: A