Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Multi-Center, Open-label, Randomized Study to Evaluate the Long Term Effectiveness of Levetiracetam as Monotherapy in Comparison With Oxcarbazepine in Subjects With Newly or Recently Diagnosed Partial Epilepsy
Brief Summary: To evaluate the long term effectiveness of Levetiracetam (LEV) monotherapy on Treatment Failure Rate in subjects with newly diagnosed partial onset seizures with or without secondary generalized seizures, compared to Oxcarbazepine (OXC) monotherapy over 50 weeks from the first dose


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female subjects from 16 to 80 years, inclusive. Vulnerable subjects (e.g., under 20 years or subject with learning disability but judged to be capable to understand) may only be included where legally permitted and ethically accepted
* Subjects with newly or recently diagnosed epilepsy having experienced unprovoked partial seizures (IA, IB, IC with clear focal origin), that are classifiable according to the International Classification of Epileptic seizure (1981). Undiscriminated subjects between IC and IIE could be included
* Subjects with at least 2 unprovoked seizures separated by a minimum of 48 hours in the year preceding randomization out of which at least 1 unprovoked seizure in the 6 months preceding randomization
* Subjects with documented evidence of EEG and brain MRI or CT scan in medical records which were performed within 1 year prior to Visit 1 (V1)
* Subjects have no treatment with anti-epileptic drugs in the 6 months preceding this study. The treatment for acute seizure control is acceptable with a maximum of 2 weeks duration and if the treatment was stopped at least 1 week before V1. For Phenobarbital and Phenobarbital derivatives, a minimum of 4 weeks wash-out is requested before V1

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subject has a current or previous diagnosis of pseudoseizures, conversion disorders, or other non-epileptic ictal events which could be confused with seizures
* Subject taking 1 or more of the following medications on a regular basis within 28 days prior to Visit 1: neuroleptics, monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and narcotic analgesics
* Subject taking any immunosuppressant within 28 days prior to Visit 1
* Subject has a history of suicide attempt, has received professional counseling for suicidal ideation, or is currently experiencing active suicidal ideation
* Subject has a seizure disorder characterized primarily by isolated auras (ie, simple partial seizures without observable motor signs)
* Subject suffering from seizures other than partial (IA, IB, IC, with clear focal origin) seizures
* Subject has a history of status epilepticus within last 3-month period prior to Visit 1
* Subject has seizures that are uncountable due to clustering (ie, an episode lasting less than 30 minutes in which several seizures occur with such frequency that the initiation and completion of each individual seizure cannot be distinguished) during the 12-week period prior to Visit 1 and/or during the Screening Period
* Body weight is lower than 40 kg (\< 40 kg)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 12 years
* Body weight ≥ 30kg (patients 12-15 years of age) and ≥ 40kg (patients over 16 years of age), respectively
* Either one epileptic seizure with high risk of relapse (partial seizure semiology, MRI lesion or pathological focal EEG findings) or a newly diagnosed epilepsy (≥ 2 unprovoked seizures) with at least 1 seizure within the past 3 months before begin of trial participance
* Treatment with no or a maximum of one anticonvulsant drug at the time of inclusion
* Fertile women of ≥ 16 years of age must use at least one of the following contraceptives for at least one month prior to initiation of trial participance: Oral contraceptive, contraceptive diaphragm, intrauterine contraceptive device (coil), tube ligation. For girls between 12 and 15 years of age a written confirmation of sexual abstinence, given by a person having the care and custody of the child, is sufficient.
* Informed consent by the proband in written form after being informed about character, relevance and consequences of the clinical trial, and additional informed consent given by a person having the care and custody of the child for patients between 12 and 17 years of age, respectively.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with non-epileptic seizures or acute symptomatic seizures whose cause can be corrected
* Patients who suffer from absence seizures or simple partial seizures without motor signs (aura) only
* Patients who had a chronic focal epilepsy or an epileptic state in their medical history
* Patients with progressive neurological, degenerative or malignant diseases which are clinically relevant from the investigator's point of view (e.g. cardiovascular or endocrinic diseases)
* Patients who have been treated with Levetiracetam or Lamotrigine before
* Patients with known manifest renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance \< 80 mL/min)
* Patients with known hypersensitivity to Levetiracetam, Lamotrigine or another component of the trial drugs
* Patients who are attended by a legal guardian
* Patients suffering from a psychiatric disease or affective disorders (within the past 6 months), which had to be treated with electric convulsive therapy, tranquilizing agents, monoamine oxidase inhibitors or CNS-active sympathomimetics (e.g. methylphenidate)
* Patients who were suffering from alcohol- or drug-addiction within the past 12 months
* Pregnant or breast-feeding women
* Patients who participated in another clinical trial within the past 30 days
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of epilepsy (all types of seizures) was made during the past year
* Subjects must have had at least two unprovoked seizures in the past 2 years with at least one during the last 6 months
* Female subjects without childbearing potential are eligible. Female subjects with childbearing potential are eligible if they use a medically accepted contraceptive method

Exclusion Criteria:

* Subjects previously allocated to a trial treatment (CBZ, VPA and LEV) used in this trial
* Participation in another clinical trial with an investigational drug or device within 12 weeks of the selection visit (V1), or at any time during this trial
* Pregnant or lactating women
* Presence of known pseudoseizures within the last year
* Uncountable seizures (clusters) or history of convulsive status epilepticus
* Any disorder or condition that may interfere with the absorption, distribution, metabolisation or excretion of drugs
* History of suicide attempt, current suicidal ideation, or other serious psychiatric disorders requiring or having required hospitalization or medication within the previous five years
* Presence of progressive cerebral disease, any other progressively degenerative neurological disease, or any cerebral tumors
* Presence of a terminal illness or any medical condition that might interfere with the subject's trial participation
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients from age 4 to 16, who have been diagnosed with focal epilepsy
2. Patients who have experienced minimal two unprovoked seizures, or patients who have had one unprovoked seizure and have shown focal abnormality in the EEG
3. Patients who have not received any antiepileptic medications prior to the study (Those who have been treated with rescue medication are eligible)
4. Patients with eligible consent or with legal guardians have given official consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with progressive CNS disease, or systemic illness
2. Patients with level of SGOT/SPGT above the doubled normal level or BUN/Creatinine above the 3 times of the normal range
3. Patients who had used other anti-epileptic medication during any period of the trial, including baseline period. (Benzodiazepine used as rescue therapy is acceptable)
4. Patients who show hypersensitive reaction to the study medication.
5. Patients with any psychological problems.
6. Patients deemed inappropriate for the study by the investigators

Answer: A