Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Italian Multicenter Randomized Phase II Study of Weekly Paclitaxel vs. Cediranib-Olaparib (Continuous vs. Intermittent) in Patients With Platinum Resistant High Grade Epithelial Ovarian, Fallopian Tube, or Primary Peritoneal Cancer
Brief Summary: This is a Phase II, randomized, multi-centre study aiming at comparing the efficacy of Olaparib and Cediranib vs. weekly Paclitaxel in terms of progression free survival (PFS) in platinum refractory or resistant recurrent ovarian cancer.

Patients will be randomised in a 1:1:1 ratio to three treatment arms:

* Arm A: Paclitaxel 80 mg/mq every week
* Arm B: Cediranib 20 mg/day + Olaparib 600 mg / day (i.e. 300 mg BD) given every day
* Arm C: Cediranib 20 mg/day given 5 days per weeks + Olaparib 600 mg / day (i.e. 300 mg BD) given 7 days per weeks


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* with recurrent epithelial carcinoma of the ovary, fallopian tube or primary peritoneum
* At least 1 previous line of chemotherapy
* Measurable disease
* Patients have a normal organ and bone marrow function measured within 28 days of randomization
* WHO 0-2

Exclusion Criteria:

* Primary platinum-refractory disease
* Known hypersensitivity to olaparib
* Resting ECG with QTc \> 470 msec
* Concomitant use of known potent CYP3A4 inhibitors
* Symptomatic uncontrolled brain metastases
* Patients unable to swallow orally administered medication and patients with gastrointestinal disorders likely to interfere with absorption of the study medication
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients must have recurrent or persistent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal carcinoma; histologic documentation of the original primary tumor is required via the pathology report
* Patients must have measurable disease or non-measurable (detectable) disease

  * Measurable disease is defined as at least one lesion that can be accurately measured in at least one dimension (longest diameter to be recorded); each lesion must be greater than or equal to 10 mm when measured by computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or caliper measurement by clinical exam; or greater than or equal to 20 mm when measured by chest x-ray; lymph nodes must be greater than or equal to 15 mm in short axis when measured by CT or MRI
  * Non-measurable (detectable) disease in a patient is defined in this protocol as one who does not have measurable disease but has at least one of the following conditions:

    * Ascites and/or pleural effusion attributed to tumor
    * Solid and/or cystic abnormalities on radiographic imaging that do not meet RECIST 1.1 definitions for target lesions
* Patients with measurable disease must have at least one "target lesion" to be used to assess response on this protocol as defined by RECIST 1.1; tumors within a previously irradiated field will be designated as "non-target" lesions unless progression is documented or a biopsy is obtained to confirm persistence at least 90 days following completion of radiation therapy
* Patients must not be eligible for a higher priority Gynecology Oncology Group (GOG) protocol, if one exists; in general, this would refer to any active GOG phase III or Rare Tumor protocol for the same patient population; in addition, patients must not be eligible for the currently active phase II cytotoxic protocol in platinum resistant disease
* Patients who have received one prior regimen must have a GOG performance status of 0, 1, or 2
* Patients who have received two or three prior regimens must have a GOG performance status of 0 or 1
* Recovery from effects of recent surgery, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy
* Patients should be free of active infection requiring antibiotics (with the exception of uncomplicated urinary tract infection \[UTI\])
* Any hormonal therapy directed at the malignant tumor must be discontinued at least one week prior to registration
* Any other prior therapy directed at the malignant tumor, including chemotherapy, biological/targeted (non-cytotoxic) agents, and immunologic agents, must be discontinued at least three weeks prior to registration; chimeric or human or humanized monoclonal antibodies (including bevacizumab) or vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor fusion proteins (including VEGF TRAP/aflibercept) must be discontinued for at least 12 weeks prior to registration
* At least 4 weeks must have elapsed since the patient underwent any major surgery (e.g., major: laparotomy, laparoscopy, thoracotomy, video-assisted thorascopic surgery \[VATS\]); there is no restriction on minor procedures (e.g., minor: central venous access catheter placement, ureteral stent placement or exchange, paracentesis, thoracentesis)
* Patients must have had one prior platinum-based chemotherapeutic regimen for management of primary disease containing carboplatin, cisplatin, or another organoplatinum compound; this initial treatment may have included intraperitoneal therapy, consolidation, biologic/targeted (non-cytotoxic) agents (e.g., bevacizumab), or extended therapy administered after surgical or non-surgical assessment; if patients were treated with paclitaxel for their primary disease, this can have been given weekly or every 3 weeks
* Patients are allowed to receive, but are not required to receive, two additional cytotoxic regimens for management of recurrent or persistent disease, with no more than 1 non-platinum, non-taxane regimen; treatment with weekly paclitaxel for recurrent or persistent disease is NOT allowed
* Patients are allowed to receive, but are not required to receive, biologic/targeted (non-cytotoxic) therapy as part of their primary treatment regimen
* Patients must have NOT received any biologic/targeted (non-cytotoxic) therapy targeting the VEGF and/or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) pathways for management of recurrent or persistent disease
* For the purposes of this study, poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors will be considered "cytotoxic"; patients are allowed to receive, but are not required to receive, PARP inhibitors for management of primary or recurrent/persistent disease (either alone or in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapy); PARP inhibitors will NOT count as a prior regimen when given alone
* Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) greater than or equal to 1,500/mcL
* Platelets greater than or equal to 100,000/mcL
* Hemoglobin greater than or equal to 9 g/dL
* Prothrombin time (PT) such that international normalized ratio (INR) is less than or equal to 1.5 x upper limit of normal (ULN) (or an in-range INR, usually between 2 and 3, if a patient is on a stable dose of therapeutic warfarin)
* Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) less than or equal to 1.5 x ULN
* Creatinine less than or equal to 1.5 x institutional ULN
* Urine protein should be screened by urinalysis; if urine protein is 2+ or higher, 24-hour urine protein should be obtained and the level must be \< 1000 mg (\< 1.0 g/24 hours \[hrs\]) for patient enrollment
* Bilirubin less than or equal to 1.5 x ULN
* Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) less than or equal to 2.5 x ULN
* Subjects who have BOTH bilirubin greater than ULN and AST/ALT greater than ULN are not eligible
* Alkaline phosphatase less than or equal to 2.5 x ULN
* Patients must have normal baseline thyroid function tests (thyroid-stimulating hormone \[TSH\], T3, T4); a history of hypothyroidism and/or hyperthyroidism is allowed, as long as the patient has stable well-controlled thyroid function for a minimum of 2 months
* Neuropathy (sensory and motor) less than or equal to grade 1
* Patients of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test prior to the study entry and be practicing an effective form of contraception; pregnant women are excluded from this study
* Patients must have signed an approved informed consent and authorization permitting the release of personal health information
* Patients must be capable of taking and absorbing oral medications; a patient must be clear of the following:

  * Any lesion, whether induced by tumor, radiation, or other conditions, which makes it difficult to swallow tablets
  * Prior surgical procedures affecting absorption including, but not limited to major resection of stomach or small bowel
  * Active peptic ulcer disease
  * Malabsorption syndrome
* Any concomitant medications that are associated with a risk of corrected QT (QTc) prolongation and/or Torsades de Pointes should be discontinued or replaced with drugs that do not carry these risks, if possible; patients who must take medication with a risk of possible risk of Torsades de Pointes should be watched carefully for symptoms of QTc prolongation, such as syncope
* Patients with personal or family history of congenital long QTc syndrome are NOT eligible
* Strong inhibitors of cytochrome P-450 system (CYP)3A4 are prohibited
* Strong inducers of CYP3A4 are prohibited
* Concomitant use of agents with narrow therapeutic windows that are metabolized by CYP3A4, CYP2D6, or CYP2C8 is not recommended

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients who have had previous treatment with pazopanib; patients who have had previous treatment with weekly paclitaxel for recurrent or persistent disease
* Patients with a history of other invasive malignancies, with the exception of non-melanoma skin cancer and other specific malignancies are excluded if there is any evidence of other malignancy being present within the last three years; patients are also excluded if their previous cancer treatment contraindicates this protocol therapy
* Patients who have received prior radiotherapy to any portion of the abdominal cavity or pelvis within the last three years are excluded; prior radiation for localized cancer of the breast, head and neck, or skin is permitted, provided that it was completed more than three years prior to registration, and the patient remains free of recurrent or metastatic disease
* Patients who have received prior chemotherapy for any abdominal or pelvic tumor OTHER THAN for the treatment of ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer within the last three years; patients may have received prior adjuvant chemotherapy for localized breast cancer, provided that it was completed more than three years prior to registration, and the patient remains free of recurrent or metastatic disease
* Patients with clinically significant cardiovascular disease; this includes:

  * Uncontrolled hypertension, defined as systolic greater than 140 mm Hg or diastolic greater than 90 mm Hg despite antihypertensive medications
  * Congenital long QT syndrome or baseline QTc greater than 480 milliseconds
  * Myocardial infarction or unstable angina within 6 months prior to registration
  * New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II or greater congestive heart failure
  * History of serious ventricular arrhythmia (i.e., ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation) or serious cardiac arrhythmia requiring medication

    * This does not include asymptomatic atrial fibrillation with controlled ventricular rate
  * Patients who have received prior treatment with an anthracycline (including doxorubicin and/or liposomal doxorubicin) must have an echocardiogram assessment and are excluded if they have an ejection fraction less than 50%
  * CTCAE grade 2 or greater peripheral vascular disease (at least brief \[less than 24 hours\] episodes of ischemia managed non-surgically and without permanent deficit)
  * History of cardiac angioplasty or stenting within 6 months prior to registration
  * History of coronary artery bypass graft surgery within 6 months prior to registration
  * Arterial thrombosis within 6 months prior to registration
* Patients with serious non-healing wound, ulcer, or bone fracture; this includes history of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation or intra-abdominal abscess within 28 days prior to the first date of study treatment
* Patients with active bleeding or pathologic conditions that carry high risk of bleeding, such as known bleeding disorder, coagulopathy, or tumor involving major vessels
* Patients with history or evidence upon physical examination of central nervous system (CNS) disease, including primary brain tumor, seizures which are not controlled with non-enzyme inducing anticonvulsants, any brain metastases, or history of cerebrovascular accident (CVA, stroke), transient ischemic attack (TIA) or subarachnoid hemorrhage within six months prior to the first date of study treatment
* History of allergic reactions attributed to compounds of similar chemical or biologic composition to pazopanib
* Known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive subjects on combination antiretroviral therapy
* Patients with any condition that may increase the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding or gastrointestinal perforation, including:

  * Active peptic ulcer disease
  * Known gastrointestinal intraluminal metastatic lesions (gastrointestinal serosa metastatic lesions are permitted)
  * Inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease)
  * Patients with clinical symptoms or signs of gastrointestinal obstruction
  * Patients who require parenteral hydration and/or nutrition
* Patients who are pregnant or nursing
* History of hemoptysis in excess of 2.5 mL (½ teaspoon) within 8 weeks prior to first dose of pazopanib
* Uncontrolled intercurrent illness including, but not limited to, psychiatric illness/social situations that would limit compliance with study requirements
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Cytologic / histologic diagnosis of stage IC-IV ovarian cancer
* Disease progressed during first line chemotherapy or disease relapsed within 6 months after the last platinum treatment
* Disease evaluable by RECIST or Ca 125 GCIG criteria
* No residual peripheral neurotoxicity from previous chemotherapy treatment
* PS 0-1
* Aged at least 18 and not greater than 75 years.
* Life expectancy of at least 3 months
* Able to swallow and retain oral medication
* Written informed consent prior to performance of study specific procedures or assessments
* Ability and willingness to comply with treatment and follow up assessments and procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

· • Previous or concomitant malignant neoplasia (not including basocellular or spinocellular skin carcinoma or in-situ carcinoma of the uterine cervix, provided they are being adequately treated)

* Previous treatment with weekly paclitaxel
* More than 2 previous chemotherapy treatments
* Serious heart disease, including heart failure, atrioventricular block of any degree, serious arrhythmia or history of any one or more of the following cardiovascular conditions within the past 6 months: cardiac angioplasty or stenting, myocardial infarction, unstable angina, symptomatic peripheral vascular disease, coronary artery by-pass graft surgery, class II, III or IV congestive heart failure as defined by the New York Heart Association (NYHA)
* Hemoglobin \< 9 g/dL, neutrophils \< 1500/mm3, platelets \< 100000/mm3
* Impairment of renal function (patients should have 2 functioning kidneys): creatinine 1.5 times the upper normal limit - UNL; calculated creatinine clearance \< 50 mL/min; urine protein to creatinine ratio \> or = 1: then, a 24-hour urine protein must be assessed and subject must have a 24-hour urine protein value \<1gr to be eligible
* Impairment of liver function (SGOT or SGPT \> or = 2.5 UNL, alkaline phosphatase \> 2.5 ULN, total bilirubin \> 1.5 times the UNL)
* Prothrombin time (PT) or international normalized ratio (INR) or activated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) \> 1.2 times the UNL
* Pregnancy, breast feeding, or inadequate contraception
* Unable to discontinue prohibited medications (see protocol section 6.7)
* Clinically significant gastrointestinal abnormalities which might interfere with oral dosing, including but not limited to malabsorption syndrome, major resection of the stomach or small bowel that could affect drug absorption, active peptic ulcer disease, inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, other gastrointestinal conditions with increased risk of perforation, history of abdominal fistula, gastrointestinal perforation, or intra-abdominal abscess within 28 days prior to beginning study treatment, signs or symptoms of GI obstruction
* Any unstable or serious concurrent condition
* Prolongation of corrected QT interval (QTc) \>480 ms
* History of cerebrovascular accident, pulmonary embolism or untreated deep venous thrombosis (DVT) within the past 6 months
* Macroscopic hematuria
* Major surgery or trauma within 30 days
* Hypertension uncontrolled with adequate therapy (systolic blood pressure (BP) of \> or = 140mmHg, or diastolic BP of \> or = 90mmHg)
* Any ongoing toxicity from prior anti-cancer therapy that is \>Grade 1 and/or that is progressing in severity
* Present or suspected haemorrhagic syndromes
* Patients' inability to access the centre due to area of residence
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients affected by pathologically confirmed high-grade epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer.
2. Relapsed/progressive disease within 6 months from last platinum-based chemotherapy (platinum resistant/refractory disease).
3. Any line of treatment (after the first).
4. Any "last" chemotherapy line, including Paclitaxel, that should have been administered at least 6 months before the study beginning.
5. Patients must be women \> 18 years of age.
6. Patients must have normal organ and bone marrow function measured within 28 days prior to administration of study treatment as defined below:

   * Haemoglobin ≥ 10.0 g/dL and no blood transfusions in the 28 days prior to entry/randomization - Absolute neutrophil count (ANC) ≥ 1.5 x 109/L
   * White blood cells (WBC) \> 3x109/L
   * Platelet count ≥ 100 x 109/L
   * Total bilirubin ≤ 1.5 x institutional Upper Limit of Normal (ULN)
   * AST (SGOT)/ALT (SGPT) ≤ 2.5 x institutional Upper Limit of Normal, unless liver metastases are present in which case it must be ≤ 5x ULN
   * Creatinine clearance estimated using the Cockcroft-Gault equation ≥51 mL/min,.
7. ECOG performance status 0-1.
8. Patients must have a life expectancy ≥ 16 weeks.
9. Evidence of non-childbearing status for women of childbearing potential (negative urine or serum pregnancy test within 28 days of study treatment, confirmed prior to treatment on day 1 or postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal status is defined as:

   * Amenorrheic for 1 year or more following cessation of exogenous hormonal treatments
   * LH and FSH levels in the post-menopausal range for women under 50
   * Radiation-induced oophorectomy with last menses \>1 year ago,
   * Chemotherapy-induced menopause with \>1 year interval since last menses
   * Surgical sterilization (bilateral oophorectomy or hysterectomy)
10. Patient is willing and able to comply with the protocol for the duration of the study including undergoing treatment, scheduled visits and examinations including follow up.
11. At least one lesion (measurable as defined by RECIST 1.1) that can be accurately assessed by CT scan or MRI with Chest X-ray at baseline and follow up visits.
12. BRCA1-2 mutation status known. In case of BRCA status unknown, the BRCA test must be performed before the randomization or, if not feasible, within the end-of the study treatment.
13. Provision of informed consent prior to any study specific procedures. In case of patients unable to give written informed consent, is necessary to have the subject or legal representative sign, but in any case a witness must be present and sign and date with the person providing informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Any previous treatment with a PARP inhibitor, including Olaparib.
2. Prior treatment with Cediranib (previous bevacizumab or other antiangiogenic drugs are allowed)
3. Previous progression to weekly Paclitaxel
4. Patients with second primary cancer, except: adequately treated non-melanoma skin cancer, curatively treated in-situ cancer of the cervix, or other solid tumours curatively treated with no evidence of disease for ≥ 5 years
5. Patients receiving any systemic chemotherapy, radiotherapy (except for palliative reasons), within 2 weeks from the last dose prior to study treatment (or a longer period depending on the defined characteristics of the agents used). The patient can receive bisphosphonates for bone metastases, before and during the study as long as these were started at least 4 weeks prior to treatment with study drug.
6. Concomitant use of known strong CYP3A inhibitors (eg. itraconazole, telithromycin, clarithromycin, protease inhibitors boosted with ritonavir or cobicistat, indinavir, saquinavir, nelfinavir, boceprevir, telaprevir) or moderate CYP3A inhibitors (eg. ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, diltiazem, fluconazole, verapamil). The required washout period prior to starting Olaparib is 2 weeks.
7. Concomitant use of known strong (eg. phenobarbital, enzalutamide, phenytoin, rifampicin, rifabutin, rifapentine, carbamazepine, nevirapine and St John's Wort ) or moderate CYP3A inducers (eg. bosentan, efavirenz, modafinil). The required washout period prior to starting Olaparib is 5 weeks for enzalutamide or phenobarbital and 3 weeks for other agents.
8. Persistent toxicities (\>=CTCAE grade 2) with the exception of alopecia, caused by previous cancer therapy.
9. Resting ECG with QTc \> 470msec on 2 or more time points within a 24 hour period or family history of long QT syndrome.
10. Greater than +1 proteinuria on two consecutive dipsticks taken no less than 1 week apart unless urinary protein \< 1.5g in a 24 hr period or urine protein/creatinine ratio \< 1.5.
11. A history of poorly controlled hypertension or resting blood pressure \>150/100 mmHg in the presence or absence of a stable regimen of anti-hypertensive therapy (measurements will be made after the patient has been resting supine for a minimum of 5 minutes. Two or more readings should be taken at 2-minute intervals and averaged. If the first two diastolic readings differ by more than 5 mmHg, then an additional reading should be obtained and averaged).
12. Blood transfusions within 28 days prior to study start.
13. Features suggestive of Myelodysplastic syndrome or Acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML) on peripheral blood smear.
14. Patients with symptomatic uncontrolled brain metastases. A scan to confirm the absence of brain metastases is not required. The patient can receive a stable dose of corticosteroids before and during the study as long as these were started at least 28 days prior to treatment.
15. Major surgery within 4 weeks of starting study treatment and patients must have recovered from any effects of any major surgery.
16. Patients considered at poor medical risk due to a serious, uncontrolled medical disorder, non-malignant systemic disease or active, uncontrolled infection. Examples include, but are not limited to, uncontrolled ventricular arrhythmia, recent (within 3 months) myocardial infarction, unstable spinal cord compression (untreated and unstable for at least 28 days prior to study entry), superior vena cava syndrome, extensive bilateral lung disease on HRCT scan or any psychiatric disorder that prohibits obtaining informed consent.
17. Patients unable to swallow medications and patients with gastrointestinal disorders likely to interfere with absorption of the study medication.
18. Breast feeding women.
19. Immunocompromised patients, e.g., patients who are known to be serologically positive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and are receiving antiviral therapy.
20. Patients with known active hepatic disease (i.e., Hepatitis B or C).
21. Patients with a known hypersensitivity to Olaparib, Cediranib or any of the excipients of the products.
22. Patients with a known hypersensitivity to Paclitaxel.
23. Patients with uncontrolled seizures.
24. History of abdominal fistula or gastrointestinal perforation.
25. Prior gastrectomy.

Answer: D