Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Prevention of Radiocontrast Media Induced Nephropathy by Short-Term High-Dose Statin in Renal Insufficiency Undergoing Coronary Angiography (PROMISS)
Brief Summary: The contrast induced kidney toxicity has been known to affect the mortality and morbidity in the patients undergoing coronary angiography. But the mechanism and therapeutic strategy for it is not well known. Nowadays, it is reported that the N-acetylcysteine may have preventive effects for contrast induced kidney toxicity with its antioxidant effects.The statins have been reported to have many other effects other than the lipid lowering effect-including antioxidant effect, so we hypothesized that the antioxidant effect of simvastatin may prevent the contrast induced kidney toxicity.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Angina patients
* Patients who is required the coronary catheterization
* creatinine clearance rates ≤60 mL/min using the Cockcroft-Gault formula Patients who undergo coronary catheterization
* Age of 19 or over 19

Exclusion Criteria:

* pregnancy
* lactation
* having received contrast media within 7 days of study entry
* emergent coronary angiography
* acute renal failure
* end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis
* history of hypersensitivity reaction to contrast media
* cardiogenic shock
* pulmonary edema
* multiple myeloma
* mechanical ventilation
* parenteral use of diuretics
* use of N-acetylcysteine
* use of metformin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs within 48 hours of the procedure.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

Are eligible for the study all patients admitted to CCU for Acute Coronary Syndrome without ST elevation (NSTEMI) candidates for early invasive strategy (coronary angiography within 48 hours from the admission) and without previous therapy with statins.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. inability to provide consent
2. pregnancy or lactation
3. intolerance to statins
4. therapy with other lipid lowering drugs
5. acute or chronic liver disease
6. chronic muscle disease
7. acute renal failure or chronic renal failure stage IV
8. neoplastic
9. exposure to iodinated contrast medium in the previous 10 days
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* cyanotic congenital heart disease
* noncyanotic congenital heart disease with pulmonary hypertension
* Heart valve disease,
* other heart and great artery diseases need heart or great artery surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

* Coronary artery disease
* under 10-year-old.
* noncyanotic congenital heart disease without pulmonary hypertension
* poor liver function such AST elevated,Hepatitis
* Gestation women and Breast-feeding women
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Patients who have been diagnosed with coronary artery disease (single, double or triple disease) will be eligible if they:

1. require isolated CABG with median sternotomy
2. are able to give their informed written consent
3. are\> 21 years of age and
4. have one or more of the following risk factors:

   * ≥ 70 years
   * peripheral vascular disease (previous peripheral bypass or amputation or ABI \<0.80)
   * Cerebrovascular disease (history of stroke, TIA)
   * Renal insufficiency (creatinine above upper limit of normal)
   * \>60 years of age and one of the following:

     * diabetes (oral hypoglycemic agent and/or insulin)
     * urgent revascularization (waiting in hospital)
     * LV ejection fraction \<35%
     * current or recent smoker.
   * 55-59 years of age and two of the following:

     * diabetes (oral hypoglycemic agent and/or insulin)
     * urgent revascularization (waiting in hospital)
     * LV ejection fraction \<35%
     * current or recent smoker.

Exclusion Criteria:

Patients will be excluded if they have one of the following:

1. concomitant cardiac procedure associated with CABG,
2. contra-indications to off-pump CABG or on-pump CABG (calcified aorta, intramuscular LAD, calcified coronaries, small target vessels)
3. concomitant life-threatening disease likely to limit life expectancy to less than 2 years,
4. prior enrollment in this trial
5. emergency CABG surgery (immediate revascularization for hemodynamic instability) OR
6. redo CABG.

Answer: A