Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effects of Twice-Weekly Intense Aerobic Exercise in Early Subacute Stroke: A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of early intensive aerobic exercise regarding aerobic capacity, gait and balance, Health Related Quality of Life and participation.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age \>/=18
* Stroke within 45-days
* Residual paresis in the lower extremity (fugl-meyer le motor score \< 34)
* Ability to sit unsupported for 30 seconds
* Ability to walk at least 10 feet with maximum 1 person assist
* Ability to follow a three step command
* Provision of informed consent
* A self-selected 10 meter gait speed less than 0.8 m/s at the 2-month post-stroke assessment
* Successful completion of an exercise tolerance test

Exclusion Criteria:

* Lived in nursing home prior to stroke
* Unable to ambulate at least 150 feet prior to stroke, or experienced intermittent claudication while walking less than 200 meters
* Serious cardiac conditions (history of congestive heart failure, documented serious and unstable cardiac arrhythmias, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, severe aortic stenosis, angina or dyspnea at rest or during activities of daily living). Anyone meeting New York Heart Association criteria for Class 3 or Class 4 heart disease will be excluded
* History of serious chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or oxygen dependence
* Severe weight bearing pain
* Preexisting neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Multiple Sclerosis (MS), dementia, or previous stroke with residual neurological deficits
* History of major head trauma
* Lower extremity amputation
* Non-healing ulcers on the lower extremity
* Renal dialysis or end stage liver disease
* Legal blindness or severe visual impairment
* A history of significant psychiatric illness defined by diagnosis of bipolar affective disorder, psychosis, schizophrenia or medication refractory depression
* Life expectancy less than one year
* Severe arthritis or orthopedic problems that limit passive ranges of motion of lower extremity (knee flexion contracture of -10°, knee flexion Range of Motion (ROM) \< 90°, hip flexion contracture \> 25°, and ankle plantar flexion contracture \> 15°
* History of sustained alcoholism or drug abuse in the last six months
* Major post-stroke depression as measured by the Patient Health Questionnaire(PHQ-9 \>/= 10) that is not medically managed with antidepressant medication and/or psychotherapy
* History of pulmonary embolism within 6 months
* Uncontrollable diabetes with recent weight loss, diabetic coma, or frequent insulin reactions
* Severe hypertension with systolic greater than 200 mmHg and diastolic greater than 110 mmHg at rest,
* Previous or current enrollment in a clinical trial to enhance stroke motor recovery
* Lives more than 50 miles from the training sites
* Unable to travel 3 times per week for outpatient training programs
* Intracranial hemorrhage related to aneurysmal rupture or an arteriovenous malformation (hemorrhagic infarctions will not be excluded)

Inclusion and exclusion criteria will be determined by a chart review, depression screen and subject interview by study physician or study coordinator. After initial chart and subject interview, each subject's treating physician will be asked to review inclusion and exclusion criteria and provide a letter supporting inclusion in the study. All subjects who meet selection criteria must successfully complete an exercise tolerance test
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Ability to understand Swedish language.
* Ability to walk 5 meters with or without the support of any means or person.
* Be able to get up on a cycle ergometer and cycle in their own chosen pace.
* Approval of medically responsible physician to conduct physical training in groups.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Medical or neurological diseases that may affect the exercise execution.
* Patients for whom transportation to and from hospital can not be arranged during intervention period
C: INCLUSION

Ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke.

Hemiparesis in an upper extremity.

Age 21+.

Able to communicate in English (or Spanish,Rancho Los Amigos site only).

Willing to attend outpatient therapy \& f/u evaluations for 1 yr.

Some active finger extension.

EXCLUSION

Traumatic or non-vascular brain injury, subarachnoid hemorrhage, AV malformation.

History of psychiatric illness requiring hospitalization within past 24 mos.

Active drug treatment for dementia.

Neurologic condition that may affect motor response (e.g. Parkinson's, ALS, MS).

History of head trauma requiring \>48 hours of hospitalization within past 12 mos.

Amputation of all fingers or thumb of hemiparetic (weak) arm.

Treated with Botox in affected arm within last 3 months.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* have had a stroke with a Rankin score of 2 or 3;
* was not referred to an Intensive Functional Rehabilitation Unit (IFRU) and returned home following discharge from hospital;
* understands instructions to allow participation in evaluations and interventions;
* has a balance problem as evidenced by a score between 46 and 54 on the Berg Balance Scale96;
* has a caregiver that would be available during the telerehabilitation sessions to ensure safety during exercises;
* live in an area serviced by high speed Internet.

Exclusion Criteria:

* severe body hemineglect;
* significant hemianopsia visual problems accompanied by hemineglect;
* uncontrolled medical problems;
* moderate to severe aphasia

Answer: B