Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Improving the Delivery of Intensive Gait Training in the Clinical Setting to Augment Community Ambulation
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the efficacy of intensive locomotor interventions early post stroke. An intensive locomotor training (LT) program will be compared to an active control, conventional physical therapy. It is proposed that an early and intensive stepping paradigm that is not typically employed early in physical therapy will lead to superior outcomes and improved community mobility. A randomized, blinded, controlled trial will test subjects with moderate to severe locomotor dysfunction in individuals post-stroke to compare walking-related outcomes after intensive gait training (including treadmill, overground, stair training, and skilled walking training) to outcomes after conventional physical therapy.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. First-ever stroke with the onset 10-90 days prior to the enrollment
2. Age: 20-80y
3. With a hemiplegic upper extremity with Brunnstrom stage in I\~IV
4. Able to understand simple orders (1-step orders, such as "raise your hand, touch your head....)
5. Totally independent in activity of daily life before the onset of stroke

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Incompliance to the assessments or interventions due to unstable medical condition, abnormal cognition, or other conditions.
2. Stroke of brainstem or cerebellum
3. Had received craniotomy or ventriculoperitoneal shunting
4. Needs of orthoses in walking before the onset of stroke
5. Had had motor dysfunctions (eg, amputation, cerebral palsy, poliomyelitis or other neuromuscular diseases) before the stroke.
6. Intracranial hemorrhage caused by artereovenous malformation, aneurysm, or tumor
7. Able to walk independently for more than 50 meters.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Have been admitted to a hospital unit for stroke rehabilitation
* Within 10 weeks post-stroke
* 19 years or older
* Are experiencing difficulty walking

Exclusion Criteria:

* Requires greater than one person assist for transfer or ambulation
* Have uncontrolled medical condition or another serious medication condition in addition to stroke
* Unable to understand or follow directions
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* subacute (\<6 months) stroke
* 18-75 years old
* history of history of unilateral, supratentorial, ischemic or hemorrhage stroke
* able to walk 10m without physical assistance
* gait speed less than or equal to .8m/s
* medical clearance

Exclusion Criteria:

* significant cardiorespiratory or metabolic disease that may limit exercise participation
* weight limit \> 250 lbs (limit of most counter-weight safety systems)
* history of previous orthopedic or neurological conditions which may impair walking.
* women of childbearing potential will not be excluded, although women who are pregnant will be excluded due to potential forces at trunk from the harness applied at the waist.
* subjects with scores \< 23 on the Mini Mental Status Exam

  * Exclusion for transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS):
* pacemaker
* metal implants in the head region
* history of epilepsy or seizures
* skull fractures or skull deficits
* concussion within the last 6 months
* unexplained recurring headaches
* medications that lower seizure threshold
* pregnancy

  * Exclusion for the MRI:
* aneurysm clip or coil
* metal or wire implants
* heart valve prosthesis
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* an ability to complete 10º of wrist or finger extension from a 60 - 65 º flexed position
* score less than a 56 on the UE subscale of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment
* an ability to voluntarily activate slight movements in the wrist and fingers so that the EMG activity reaches a minimal level on the microprocessor for electrical stimulation to be activated
* unilateral, first stroke of ischemic or hemorrhagic origin in the carotid artery distribution
* free of major post stroke complications
* able to attend therapy 2 days/week or 4 days/week for 2 weeks
* score at least a 16 on the Mini Mental Status Examination
* able to discriminate sharp from dull and light touch using traditional sensation tests.

Exclusion Criteria:

* hemiparetic arm is insensate
* motor impairments from stroke on opposite side of body
* pre-existing neurological disorders such as Parkinson's disease, Multiple Sclerosis, or dementia
* Legal blindness or severe visual impairment; 5) Life expectancy less than one year
* Severe arthritis or orthopedic problems that limit passive ranges of motion of upper extremity (passive finger extension \< 40º; passive wrist extension \< 40º; passive elbow extension \<40º; shoulder flexion/abduction \< 80º)
* History of sustained alcoholism or drug abuse in the last six months
* Has pacemaker or other implanted device
* pregnant

Answer: C