Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Behavioral Counseling to Reduce Children's Secondhand Smoke Exposure: A Trial With Maternal Smokers
Brief Summary: The goal of this study is to reduce infant and toddlers' secondhand smoke exposure (SHSe) in a high risk, medically underserved population of maternal smokers. The program is called "Philadelphia FRESH (Family Rules for Establishing Smokefree Homes)". Participants are recruited from low-income urban neighborhoods in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. After determining study eligibility via telephone screen, all participants complete an in-home pre-intervention interview that includes self-reported smoking history, current smoking and exposure patterns, and factors that relate to maternal smoking (such as depressive symptoms, weight concerns, nicotine dependence,) as well as collection of child urine cotinine (a biomarker used to detect SHSe).

Participants are randomized after baseline to receive either (a) a moderately intensive (up to 2 in-home sessions, 8 phone sessions) Behavioral Counseling intervention (BC) delivered over a 16-week period by counselors trained and supervised by investigators, or (b) an enhanced Self-Help Control (SHC) that uses brief advice and a detailed self-help manual for SHSe-reduction and smokingcessation. Post intervention assessments include self-reports of intervention process, factors associated with intervention effects, and intervention outcomes that include child urine cotinine (to measure level of SHSe) and participant saliva cotinine (to verify self-reported smoking quit status). Interviewers and data management staff remain blind to the treatment assignment. All procedures are implemented after signed informed consent and were approved by Temple University's Institutional Review Board.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Mothers who smoke at least 5 cigarettes per day
* have at least one child under 4 years of old (youngest child is target child for data collection (urine cotinine)
* report exposing youngest (target) child to at least 2 of her cigarettes/day (defined as child in the same room \[4-walls and a door that closes\] or car when someone is actively smoking a cigarette.

Exclusion Criteria:

* current diagnosis or treatment of a psychiatric disorder
* currently pregnant
* not proficient in English
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Smoking parents with babies minor 1 year-old

Exclusion Criteria:

* Parents reporting diagnosis of major psychiatric illnesses
* Parents reporting active addictive substances consumption
* Parents in active smoking cessation treatment
C: Inclusion Criteria: In order to be included in the study, participants had to:

* be caregivers for a child (defined as having the child in the home for at least 4 hours per week) between the ages of 3 and 17,
* be current, regular smokers (at least 3 cigarettes per day for the past year)
* be over age 18
* speak and understand English
* have a telephone
* agree to participate in all phases of the study
* have a child with a diagnosis of asthma (asthma groups only)

Exclusion Criteria:

* if the index child had asthma, child DID NOT have a urgent care/emergency room/hospital visit within 90 days of the first intervention visit
* if the index child was healthy, child DID have a urgent care/emergency room/hospital visit within 90 days of the first intervention visit and had no diagnosis of asthma (or other children in the home with asthma)
* had children with other significant pulmonary disease
* the index child spent less than 4 hours in the home per week
* caregiver exclusively used another form of tobacco (not cigarettes)
* using any form of Nicotine replacement therapy
* using medications to quit smoking
* in a quit smoking program
* another member of family is participating in program
* currently pregnant or planning to become pregnant

While we did offer the intervention to all smokers in the home, only the caregiver that spent the most time with the child was included in the formal study.
D: * Age 3-12 years
* Kaiser member for \>= 1 year
* \>= 1 asthma care visit in prior year
* Persistent asthma likely based on prior year:

Physician diagnosis code of persistent asthma OR \>= 4 beta agonist (BA) dispensing events OR \>= 4 Anti-inflammatory (AI) dispensing events

* Secondhand smoke exposure by parent report.
* Parent agrees to participate in a clinical trial of a smoke exposure reduction interventio

Answer: A