Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Pilot Study of Osmotic-Release Methylphenidate in Initiating and Maintaining Abstinence in Smokers With ADHD
Brief Summary: The objective of this study is to evaluate whether Osmotic-Release Methylphenidate (OROS MPH), relative to placebo, increases the effectiveness of standard smoking treatment (i.e., nicotine patch and individual smoking cessation counseling) in obtaining prolonged abstinence for smokers with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Aged between 18 and 65 years old
2. Capable of providing informed consent, attend all study visits and comply with the protocol
3. Daily smoker for at least one year and currently smoke an average of at least 10 cigarettes per day
4. Report a motivation to quit smoking in the next month of at least 5 on a 10-point scale
5. Score of 20 or greater on 16-item Anxiety Sensitivity Index
6. Physically inactive as defined as participating in moderate-intensity exercise less than 2 days/week (duration must be 30 minutes or less each time)

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Use of other tobacco products
2. General medical condition(s) that contraindicate exercise
3. Resting blood pressure of ≥ 160 systolic and/or 100 diastolic who are not receiving treatment for high blood pressure
4. Blood lipid levels ≥ 240 mg/dl with LDL-C ≥ 160 mg/dl or triglyceride levels ≥ 300 mg/dl (individuals receiving medical treatment for lipid abnormalities with lipid levels above the cut-offs will be eligible with physician written approval)
5. Body mass index ≥40
6. Currently suicidal or high suicide risk
7. Current or past psychotic disorders of any type, or comorbid psychiatric conditions that are relative or absolute contraindications to the use of any treatment option in the study protocol
8. Currently pregnant, planning on becoming pregnant in the next year, or current breastfeeding
9. Alcohol or drug dependence; abuse of depressants, dissociative anesthetics, hallucinogens, opioids, or cocaine within the last 6 months
10. Psychotherapy initiated within the past three months, or ongoing psychotherapy of any duration directed specifically toward the treatment of anxiety or mood disorder other than general supportive therapy
11. Current use of any psychotherapy or pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation not provided by the researchers, including Chantix, Zyban, Welbutrin and Nortriptyline.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Must be U.S. Veteran
* Smoke at least ten cigarettes a day
* Meet criteria for current PTSD
* Speak and write fluent conversational English
* Be between 18 and 65 years of age
* Be willing to attempt smoking cessation
* Must have access to a phone capable of receiving text messages

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not stable on medications for the study period
* History of myocardial infarction in the past 6 months
* Contraindication to NRT and inability to get medical clearance from primary care provider
* Use of other forms of nicotine such as cigars, pipes, or chewing tobacco.
* Pregnancy
* Inability to complete study measures and tasks independently
* Dementia or other brain disorder, schizophrenia, current manic syndrome, or substance abuse/dependence in the preceding 3 months.
* Currently receiving trauma-focused psychotherapy.
* Currently living in court-ordered residential substance abuse treatment.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Smoke 5+ cigarettes/day
* \< 3 months abstinence in the past year
* Have a smartphone
* Score greater than or equal to 8 of 10 on the Contemplation Ladder (Biener \& Abrams, 1991)

Exclusion Criteria:

* None
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Clinical diagnosis of ADHD2
* Smoked cigarettes for at least 3 months
* Currently smoking \> 10 cigarettes/day
* Have an interest in quitting
* Negative urine screen for cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates, benzodiazepines, and marijuana

Exclusion Criteria:

* Have a clinical diagnosis for current abuse or dependence for any psychoactive substance other than nicotine, depression, or anxiety; or a life-time clinical diagnosis of psychosis or bipolar disorder
* Allergic to OROS-MPH
* Pregnant or breastfeeding
* Abnormal electrocardiogram (ECG)
* Taking a Monoamine Oxidase (MAO) Inhibitor
* Taking any medication used for treating either ADHD or smoking
* Use of tobacco products other than cigarettes in the past week
* Blood pressure readings greater than 135/85 and/or a heart rate more than 90 beats per minute on three consecutive clinic visits

Answer: D