Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Does the Addition of Virtual Reality Training to a Standard Program of Inpatient Rehabilitation Improve Sitting Balance Ability and Function After Stroke? A Blinded Randomized Controlled Trial.
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine if the addition of 10 to 12 sessions of sitting balance exercises using virtual reality training will provide additional gains in balance ability and function over standard inpatient rehabilitation in stroke patients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Haemorrhagic or ischaemic stroke diagnosis has to be confirmed by the consultant appointed at the rehabilitation centre on the basis of CT or MRI imaging
* Patients with a history of first stroke
* Stroke onset within five months
* Patients who are able to sit independently for 30 seconds on a stable surface
* Hospitalized in the rehabilitation hospital RevArte
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* A score of 20 or higher on the Trunk Impairment Scale
* A score of 2 or lower on the Functional Ambulation Categories
* Patients suffering from other neurological and orthopaedic disorders that could influence motor performance and balance
* Patients not able to understand instructions
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Having suffered a single stroke episode with residual hemiparesis
* Being candidate to begin a rehabilitation programme
* Being able to walk before suffering the stroke
* Having the ability to understand and follow simple instructions
* Being hemodynamically stable within the first week after stroke

Exclusion Criteria:

* Poor vital prognosis
* Pathologies or disorders hampering the development of the study such as: blindness, prosthetics, sensory disorders, severe cognitive impairment and so on
* Absence of motor impairments after stroke
* Pre-stroke disorders that affected the ability to walk
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. First major stroke event, a transient ischemic attack or a previous stroke with full recovery is allowed.
2. Impairment of the trunk function, with a maximum score of 19 on the trunk impairment scale .
3. Able to maintain seated position for more than 10 seconds.
4. Able to come to the rehabilitation ward as a chronic patient.
5. More than six months after a stroke event.
6. Older than 18 years.
7. With no comorbidities other than stroke affecting trunk function. Comorbidities could be musculoskeletal problems or other neurological diseases.
8. With sufficient cognitive and language capacity to perform the assessment.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Not able to give informed consent.
2. Not approved informed consent.
3. Subject does not understand the study procedures.
4. Subject has any history of another major neurological disorder.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke in the left or right cortical or subcortical regions
* medically stable
* cannot stand independently for \>1 minute or cannot stand at all
* can sit for at least 20 minutes with or without trunk support and can sit for at least 1 minute without trunk support
* able to provide informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* unstable cardiovascular, respiratory, endocrine, orthopedic or neurological condition that precludes exercise of low to moderate intensity
* vestibular deficits or vertigo
* seizure activity in the previous 6 months

Answer: D