Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: An International, Multi-center, Randomized, Controlled Trial Evaluating The Effect of Xenon on Post-operative Delirium in Elderly Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Surgery
Brief Summary: The objective of this study is to evaluate the incidence of Post-Operative Delirium (POD), diagnosed with the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM), in elderly patients undergoing hip fracture surgery under general anaesthesia with xenon or sevoflurane, for a period of four days post-surgery.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years or older
* Positive CAM-ICU

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known allergy to rivastigmine
* Unable to receive enteric medication
* Pregnant or lactating
* Renal replacement therapy
* Hepatic encephalopathy
* Second or third degree atrioventricular block
* Uncertainty about diagnosis delirium and no confirmation by neurologist, psychiatrist or geriatrician
* Parkinson's disease.
* Lewy body dementia.
* ECG QT interval above 500 msec.
* No informed consent
B: Inclusion Criteria:

MUST HAVE:

General Anesthesia with volatile anesthetic

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS

Major Criteria (any 1 of the following:)

1. Medications - anticonvulsants, abuse of opiates, benzodiazepines, cocaine
2. EF\<40%
3. Prior history of awareness (recall)
4. History of difficult intubation or anticipated difficult intubation
5. ASA IV or V status
6. Aortic stenosis
7. End stage lung disease
8. Marginal exercise tolerance not secondary to musculoskeletal dysfunction
9. Pulmonary hypertension
10. Daily alcohol consumption

Minor Criteria (any 2 of the following)

1. Beta blockers
2. COPD
3. Moderate exercise tolerance not secondary to musculoskeletal dysfunction
4. Smokes ≥2 packs per day
5. Morbid obesity BMI\>30 -

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Surgical procedure that prevents the use of the BIS (e.g surgery of forehead)
2. Patient positioning prevents use of the BIS
3. Surgery with wake-up test.
4. Less than 18 years of age
5. Vulnerable populations, such as those with dementia and those unable to provide informed consent.
6. Stroke with residual neurological deficits
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* hip or other long bone fracture undergoing operative repair
* age of 70 years or older
* the ability to communicate effectively in English (including adequate hearing)
* residence within a 50 mile radius of the BIDMC
* life expectancy 6 months or greater
* not currently on cholinesterase inhibitor therapy
* not with known hypersensitivity to cholinesterase inhibitors
* not a previous study participant or refusal

Exclusion Criteria:

* patients with sick sinus syndrome or greater than 1st degree AV block without a pacemaker
* patients with a pathologic fracture due to metastatic cancer
* patients with advanced dementia or total functional dependence.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Elderly patient (≥ 75 years)
* Patient with planned hip fracture surgery within 48 hours after the hip fracture
* Patient willing and able to complete the requirements of this study including the signature of the written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patient suffering from multiple fractures, pelvic fractures proximal, pathological fractures, femur fractures (i.e., fractures of the middle or distal femur)
* Disabling neuropsychiatric disorders (severe dementia, Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, depression)
* Brain trauma within 12 months prior to selection, history of stroke with residuals
* Patient suffering from delirium (CAM diagnosis) at selection
* Patient who cannot complete the pre-operative mental tests (CAM and/or MMSE) of this clinical trial
* Patient with Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score \< 24 at selection
* Patient known to susceptible to malignant hyperthermia
* Patient with elevated intra-cranial pressure
* Patient with a risk of high oxygen demand
* Patient with recent or ongoing myocardial infarction / damage
* Patient with severe cardiac failure, or patient with severe impaired left ventricular systolic function
* Patient with known severe lung and/or airway disease, or severe chronic respiratory insufficiency, or a sustained homecare oxygen therapy
* Contra-indication (serious illness or medical conditions) for general anaesthesia
* Known allergy or hypersensitivity to any drugs administered during this clinical trial
* Previous participation in this clinical trial
* Participation in another clinical trial within 4 weeks prior to selection
* History of alcohol or drug abuse or psychiatric disorders which would impair the understanding of the necessary information or render medically or legally unable to give written informed consent

Answer: D