Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: DECISION+: Une Formation Pour Les médecins de Famille Sur la Prise de décision partagée Afin d'Optimiser Les décisions Cliniques Concernant l'Utilisation d'Antibiotiques Pour Les Infections aiguës Des Voies Respiratoires (IAVR)
Brief Summary: Decisions about the use of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections are the most frequently reported reason for consulting a family physician. Although it varies according to the specific type of acute respiratory infections, the use of antibiotics is estimated to be 63% to 67%, well above the expected prevalence of bacterial infections thus suggesting overuse of antibiotics. Consequently, there is an urgent need for helping family physicians and their patients to improve the clinical decision making process regarding the use of antibiotics for acute respiratory infections. We will evaluate the impact of DECISION +, a multifaceted intervention program that includes training in shared decision making, reminders and feedback targeting physicians, and decision support tools targeting patients on the decision to use antibiotics for acute respiratory infections. Results from this study will lay the ground for a national strategy targeting the improvement of the clinical decision making process regarding antibiotic use for acute respiratory infections in primary care. In turn, this will increase quality of care and patient safety.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* patients with lower respiratory tract infections/acute cough (including acute bronchitis, pneumonia, and infectious exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma),
* age 18 years or older,
* an illness of less than 28 days duration,
* first consultation for the illness episode,
* being seen in a physician's office,
* written consent to participate.

Exclusion Criteria:

* an inability to fill out study documentation,
* being previously included in the study,
* immunocompromised status (HIV patients, immunosuppressive treatment),
* ongoing treatment with oral corticosteroids
B: FAMILY PHYSICIANS:

Inclusion Criteria:

* All FP (teachers and residents) providing care in the walk-in clinic in each Family Practice Teaching Unit (FPTU) will be eligible to participate in the trial.

Exclusion Criteria:

* he/she was involved or participated in the DECISION + pilot RCT
* he/she is not expected to be practicing at the FPTU for the whole duration of the study (e.g. residents ending their residency program or doing rotations outside of the FPTU, planned pregnancy/delivery, planned retirement).

PATIENTS:

Inclusion Criteria:

* if 17 years old and under, must be accompanied by a parents or a guardians)
* they are consulting a participating physician for an ARI, for which treatment with an antibiotic is considered
* they are able (patients or the accompanying parent or guardians) to read, understand and write French (expected level: 8th grade)
* they give informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with a condition requiring emergency care will be excluded.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years or older
* Informed consent
* Respiratory tract infection based on the clinical judgement of the primary care physician

Exclusion Criteria:

* Antibiotic pretreatment in previous 14 days
* Portal hypertension
* Major surgeries or multiple trauma which require hospitalization, in previous 4 weeks
* Autoimmune disease and systemic diseases (lupus erythematodes, wegener´s disease)
* Peritoneal dialysis
* Acute treated or recently operated medullary c-cell-carcinoma, SCLC, carcinoid
* Other inflammatory diseases (e.g. urinary tract infection, pyelonephritis, pancreatitis
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* suspected lower respiratory tract infection
* must be able to give consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* age under 18 years
* not able to give consent
* admitted not primarily because of the respiratory tract infection
* hospital acquired infections

Answer: B