Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Use of SMS and Interactive Reminders to Improve Timely Immunization Coverage: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Pakistan has one of the highest infant mortality rates in the world. One child in eleven dies before their fifth birthday. In part, this is due to the low coverage rate of routine childhood immunizations. Since Pakistan is a Low Middle Income Country (LMIC) it is essential that an immunization intervention be developed that is suitable for its socioeconomic setting. The tele-density of Pakistan exceeds 70% and the cost of SMS in Pakistan is very low. Moreover the use of SMS in the country has broadened beyond the conventional use of peer-peer chat to include social networking, SMS banking, delivery tracking, advertising, business, disaster management, and identity verification. This study will utilise this prevalence of mobile phones to assess whether simple and interactive sms reminders can serve to increase childhood immunization coverage and timeliness.

The pilot study will be carried out only in 2 EPI (Extended program on Immunization) centers at Korangi. The pilot will determine whether automated text messages produce increased immunization coverage in the reminder groups compared to the control group. 656 participants will be enrolled at Penta-1 and will be followed up until measles-2 vaccination. The results of proposed pilot will provide the basis for a large scale-up study in urban and rural settings in Pakistan.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Women who deliver a live birth at greater than 28 week's gestation.
* Women desire birth spacing for more than one year
* Women who were holding and /or one of her family hold a cell-phone and accept to receive messages and phone calls to remind her with her contraceptive program

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women who refuse to participate in the study.
* Women aren't able to respond to the questionnaire due to their health status.
* Anticipation of difficulty of subsequent communication with the women
* Women with contraindications of using long acting reversible contraception ( contraindicated if intrauterine device or implant use)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Caregiver age 18 years and older
* owner of a mobile phone with unrestricted SMS capability
* responsible for the care of the infant and willing to actively participate for the full duration of the study.

Exclusion Criteria:

* infants with special diets
* infants with limited mobility
* pre-term birth (\<37 weeks)
* small or large for gestational age (birthweight \<10th or \>90th p)
* inability to consent to participate in the study
* unwillingness to be randomized and not being able to read
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Child presenting for pentavalent 1- vaccine
* Caregivers who owned a cellphone or had access to one
* Caregivers permanently residing in Korangi Town, Karachi

Exclusion Criteria:

* Child presenting for a vaccine other than pentavalent -1
* Caregivers not having access to a cell phone
* Caregivers residing outside of Korangi or planning to move from the catchment area
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Resident of Kolokani, Mali
* Age less than 24 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Not Resident of Kolokani
* Age of 24 months or above

Answer: C