Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Prospective Randomized Trial of Laparoscopy-assisted Distal Gastrectomy (LADG) Versus Open Distal Gastrectomy (ODG) in Patients With Early Gastric Cancer (EGC)
Brief Summary: Rationale: For the treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC) in the distal portion of the stomach, subtotal gastrectomy and lymph node dissection has been a standard operation. With the increasing tendency toward minimally invasive surgery, there has been an effort to apply minimally invasive techniques to the treatment of EGC. Laparoendoluminal mucosectomy and lesion-lifting gastric wedge resection have been developed for this purpose. However, these methods have the disadvantage of limited indications according to the size, shape and depth of invasion. Kitano et al. performed the first laparoscopy-assisted subtotal gastrectomy with lymph node dissection and manual anastomosis with anterior wall lifting method for a patient with EGC. In 1995, Uyama et al. and Nagai et al. performed laparoscopy-assisted subtotal gastrectomy with lymph node dissections using an automatic stapler instead of manual anastomosis for the gastroduodenal anastomosis. It has been possible to maintain an adequate distance from the lesion to the proximal and distal margins of resection, to perform radical lymph node dissection, and to achieve excellent postoperative recovery. However, there is a very limited evidence of superiority of laparoscopic gastrectomy over open surgery. There is only one interim report of randomized clinical trial of comparing laparoscopic gastrectomy and open gastrectomy. A well-designed clinical study to prove the benefit and safety is definitely needed Objective: to compare Laparoscopy - assisted Distal Gastrectomy (LADG) with Open Distal Gastrectomy (ODG) in terms of survival, recovery, pain, complications, and quality of life (QOL) Hypothesis: LADG is beneficial in QOL, pain, recovery, complications while maintaining equivalent survival with ODG


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age equal to or above 18 years
* Primary adenocarcinoma of stomach, indication for total gastrectomy with curative intent.
* Neoadjuvant therapy (epirubicin, cisplatin, capecitabine)
* Surgical resectable (T1-3, N0-1, M0)
* Informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Previous or coexisting cancer
* Previous surgery of the stomach
* ASA classification (American Society of Anaesthesiologists) score 4 or higher
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Histologically confirmed adenocarcinoma of stomach
* Age: 18-80 years
* Performance status: ECOG 0-1
* Informed consent should be signed
* EGD finding of early gastric cancer
* EUS finding of mucosa and submucosa cancer
* The location of the tumor should be antrum, angle, lower body in greater curvature in UGIS
* No evidence of distant metastasis in abdomen CT, and chest PA
* Regional lymph node metastasis confined to perigastric node (N1) in CT and EUS

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any comorbidity obviating major surgery
* Contraindication of laparoscopy: severe cardiac disease, abdominal wall hernias, diaphragmatic hernias, uncorrected coagulopathies, portal hypertension, pregnancy
* Previous upper abdominal operation
* Indication of EMR: well or moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, less than 2 cm in EGC type I and IIa, less than 1cm in EGC type IIb and IIc, no ulceration
* Complicated case needed to get emergency operation
* Any accompanying surgical condition needed to be performed in same time
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Histologically proven adenocarcinoma of the stomach
* Surgically resectable (cT1-4a, N0-3b, M0) tumor
* Age ≥ 18 years
* European Clinical Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status 0, 1 or 2.
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Siewert type I esophagogastric junction tumor
* Non-elective surgery
* Previous gastric resection or recurrent gastric cancer
* Pregnancy
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. pathologically proven gastric adenocarcinoma
2. age: 20 \~ 80 years
3. preoperative stage: cT1N0M0, cT1N1M0, cT2aN0M0
4. no history of other cancer
5. no history of chemotherapy or radiotherapy
6. written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. ASA \>3
2. combined resection
3. total gastrectomy

Answer: B