Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Reducing Depressive Symptoms in Physically Ill Youth
Brief Summary: Children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have high rates of depressive symptoms and more trouble with daily functioning than those without physical illness. The proposed study will investigate if cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is better than supportive therapy (SNDT) in reducing emotional distress and improving functioning in youth ages 9-17 with Crohn's disease or Ulcerative Colitis and depression. This study will also assess the effect of CBT on IBD-related factors such as disease severity, medication adherence, and physical-health related quality of life.

Hypothesis

- Individuals who receive CBT will show more improvement than individuals who receive SNDT.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* diagnosis of chronic daily headache based on definition of 15 or more headache days per month measured by a prospective daily headache diary
* females or males between the ages of 10-17
* PedMIDAS Disability Score \> 20, indicating at least moderate disruption in daily activities

Exclusion Criteria:

* medication overuse as defined in the ICHD-II criteria (NSAID or other simple analgesic on ≥ 15 days/ month for \>3 months; triptan intake in any formulation ≥ 10 days/month on a regular basis of ≥ 3 months)
* current treatment with amitriptyline
* no other current prophylactic antimigraine medication within a period equivalent to \< 5 half-lives of that medication before entering the screening phase
* other chronic pain condition such as juvenile primary fibromyalgia syndrome, complex regional pain syndrome-II
* abnormal findings on EKG
* current or past history of severe orthostatic intolerance or severe levels of orthostatic dysregulation (orthostatic hypotension or postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome)
* significant documented developmental delay or impairments such as autism, cerebral palsy or mental retardation
* present or lifetime psychiatric diagnosis that meets DSM-IV criteria for bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder or psychosis
* PedMIDAS Disability Score of \> 140, indicating need for multi-systemic therapies to address very significant level of disability
* youth who are pregnant, or those females who are sexually active and not using a medically accepted form of contraception (barrier or hormonal methods) or do not agree to be abstinent during the study
* disallowed medications/products: opioids, antipsychotics, antimanics, barbiturates, benzodiazepines, muscle relaxants, sedatives, tramadol
B: Inclusion Criteria:

Step 1:

* ages 9 to 17 inclusive
* capable of completing CDI
* meeting diagnostic criteria for CD (the date of diagnosis = date of the first diagnostic test confirming CD)
* absence of mental retardation by history
* having at least one appointment at the GI clinic (this will include patients followed in these clinics as well as those seeking consultation)

Step 2:

* CDI or CDI-P greater than or equal to 10 at Step 1.
* ages between 9-17 inclusive
* having CD

Exclusion Criteria:

* history or current episode of bipolar disorder, eating disorder, or psychotic disorder by DSM-IV criteria
* mental retardation by history
* antidepressant medications within one month of assessment
* suicidality with plan or of severity requiring immediate psychiatric hospitalization or significant act involving intentional self-harm (e.g., cutting or overdose, resulting in medical attention)
* unacceptable risk for dangerousness to others as indicated by homicidal (or other violent) ideation, intent or plan or action, or use of illegal weapons
* current pregnancy by history
* substance abuse by history within one month of enrollment other than nicotine dependence
* current treatment with CBT or failure of previous CBT trial for depression judged adequate by at least 12 treatment sessions over a period of less than 1 year conducted by an appropriately trained mental health provider using a manual
* if currently receiving other psychotherapy modalities willingness to suspend treatment for 12-week acute treatment phase of study
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* between 11 and 18 years of age
* moderate to severe traumatic brain injury
* overnight hospital stay
* injury occurred within the last 12 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* younger than 11 and older than 18 years of age
* injury occurred more than 12 months ago
* teen does not live with parents or guardian
* English not spoken in the home
* injury is a result of child abuse as documented by medical record
* child or parent has history of hospitalization for a psychiatric problem
* documentation that the injury is a result of child abuse
* child suffered a non-blunt injury (e.g. projectile wounds, stroke, drowning, or other form of asphyxiation)
* child ever diagnosed with moderate or severe mental retardation, Autism, or a significant developmental disability (child must be able to talk)
* plans for the child to leave home during the coming 12 months.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Diagnosis of JPFS based upon widespread pain for over 3 months, at least 5 tender points, and associated features such as sleep difficulty, fatigue, and abdominal discomfort
* Average pain intensity greater than 4 on the Visual Analog Scale
* Functional disability score greater than 7
* Stable medications for 8 weeks prior to study entry

Exclusion Criteria:

* Other chronic rheumatic diseases, such as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis or lupus
* Significant developmental delay or impairments, such as autism, cerebral palsy, or mental retardation
* Present or lifetime psychiatric diagnosis that meets DSM-IV criteria for panic disorder, bipolar disorder, major depressive disorder, or psychosis
* Opioid medications are disallowed when used on an ongoing basis for treatment of fibromyalgia pain

Answer: B