Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Impact of Azithromycin and Clarithromycin Therapy on Pharyngeal Carriage of Macrolide-Resistant Streptococci Among Healthy Volunteers: A Randomised, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: Resistance to antibiotics is a major public-health problem and studies linking antibiotic use and resistance have shown an association not a causal effect. Utilizing the newer macrolides, azithromycin and clarithromycin that are commonly prescribed for respiratory infections, we investigated the direct impact of antibiotic exposure on resistance at the individual level.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. patients who have given written informed consent
2. males or females of any race
3. 18-75 years of age
4. with the diagnosis of persistent asthma ≥ 1 year duration at screening and a history consistent with GINA step 4 or 5 clinical features
5. receiving high dose ICS plus inhaled LABA for at least 6 months prior to screening
6. patients who have suffered multiple (i.e. at least two) independent documented severe asthma exacerbations within the previous 12 months
7. patients must be never-smokers or ex-smokers with a smoking history of ≤ 10 pack-years.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. females who are pregnant or who are breastfeeding
2. patients with severe bronchiectasis
3. patients with active tuberculosis or non-tuberculous mycobacterial infections (NTM)
4. patients with significant underlying medical conditions (e.g. infection, hematological disease, malignancy, neurologic, renal, hepatic, coronary heart disease or other cardiovascular disease, endocrinologic or gastrointestinal disease) within the previous 3 months
5. who are unable to perform spirometry or complete a patient diary or complete questionnaires
6. patients with known hypersensitivity to azithromycin or other macrolide antibiotics
7. patients who's heart rate corrected QT interval is prolonged
8. patients who have - in the judgement of the investigator - a clinically relevant laboratory abnormality
9. patients currently treated with macrolide antibiotics or recent macrolide treatment (in the past twelve weeks)
10. anti-IgE treatment
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* healthy adults (≥ 18 years of age)
* non-pregnant
* free of any respiratory tract infection
* not having been administered any antibiotic at least in the past three months

Exclusion Criteria:

* \<18 years of age
* pregnant
* having a respiratory tract infection
* having been administered any antibiotic at least in the past three months
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 1-59 months,
* Plan to remain in study area greater than 6 months
* Discharged from hospital following non-trauma related admission

Exclusion Criteria:

* Contraindication to azithromycin use and other prophylactic antibiotic use
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Myeloma diagnosis according to IMWG criteria
* Treatment demanding disease
* High-dose melphalan with stem cell support scheduled as a part of the treatment
* Signed informed consent given prior to any study related activities
* Age \> 18 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Allogeneic transplantation scheduled as a part of the treatment
* Myeloma treatment prior to entry in the study, except radiotherapy, bisphosphonates/denosumab or corticosteroids for symptom control
* Concurrent disease making clarithromycin treatment unsuitable
* Positive pregnancy test (only applicable for women with childbearing potential)
* Known or suspected hypersensitivity or intolerance to clarithromycin
* Prolonged QT corrected (QTc) interval ( \> 500 msec on screening ECG)
* Concurrent treatment with cabergoline, fluconazole, ketoconazole, pimozide, quetiapine, sirolimus, verapamil, tacrolimus, ergot alkaloid, simvastatin or other statins
* Uncontrolled or severe cardiovascular disease including myocardial infarction within 6 months of enrolment, uncontrolled angina or known cardiac amyloidosis
* Severe renal dysfunction (estimated creatinine clearance \<10 mL/min)
* Serious medical or psychiatric illness which, in the judgment of the investigator, would make the patient inappropriate for entry into the study

Answer: B