Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Prospective Evaluation of the Addition of Intraoperative Intravenous Lidocaine Infusion to General Anesthetic in Total Abdominal Hysterectomy.
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine infusion administered during general anesthesia in:

1. Reducing length of hospital stay following total abdominal hysterectomy
2. Reducing postoperative analgesic requirement following total abdominal hysterectomy.

Hypothesis:

The addition of an intraoperative lidocaine infusion to a balanced anesthetic technique will result in up to 50% of patients being discharged after postoperative day 2 compared with the current 21%. Also, it will result in a 30% reduction in opiod consumption during the first 48 hours following total abdominal hysterectomy.

Assumption:

Patients in the intervention and control groups will be titrated to approximately equal analgesia because they will self-administer enough pain-controlling medications to make their postoperative pain experience the same.

Primary outcomes:

1. Length of hospital stay
2. Total opioid use at 48 hours postoperatively

Secondary outcomes. The following data will be collected and analyzed:

1. Intraoperative data: BIS scores (to control depth of anesthesia); intraoperative serum lidocaine levels; intraoperative opioid use
2. Opioid use in the recovery room
3. Patient Controlled Analgesia (PCA) morphine requirements postoperatively up to 48 hours
4. Oral pain controlling medication use up to 48 hours postoperatively if IV PCA discontinued before 48 hours
5. Verbal Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores in recovery room and during first 2 days post-operatively
6. Incidence of side effects that can be attributed to local anesthetic toxicity
7. Incidence of nausea and vomiting and anti-emetic use up to 48 hours postoperatively
8. Time of first flatus and first bowel movement.


Options:
A: Arm Label: 2; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: lidocaine | Arm Label: 1; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: bupivacaine with hydromorphone | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: bupivacaine with hydromorphone; Assigned to Arm(s): 1 | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: lidocaine; Assigned to Arm(s): 2
B: Arm Label: Intravenous lidocaine injection group; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Intravenous lidocaine injection | Arm Label: Placebo control group; Type: PLACEBO_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Intravenous normal saline injection | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Intravenous lidocaine injection; Assigned to Arm(s): Intravenous lidocaine injection group | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Intravenous normal saline injection; Assigned to Arm(s): Placebo control group
C: Arm Label: Lidocaine; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Lidocaine Intravenous Infusion | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Lidocaine Intravenous Infusion; Assigned to Arm(s): Lidocaine
D: Arm Label: The effect of perioperative lidocaine infusion; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Drug: Lidocaine | Arm Label: The effect of perioperative magnesium infusion; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Drug: Magnesium | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Lidocaine; Assigned to Arm(s): The effect of perioperative lidocaine infusion | Intervention Type: DRUG; Name: Magnesium; Assigned to Arm(s): The effect of perioperative magnesium infusion

Answer: C