Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Phase 3, Double-Blind, Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial With Aztreonam Lysinate for Inhalation in Cystic Fibrosis Patients With Pulmonary P. Aeruginosa Requiring Frequent Antibiotics (AIR-CF2)
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of aztreonam for inhalation solution (AZLI) in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) and lung infection due to Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Patients must meet all of the following conditions to be eligible for enrollment into the study:

* Completion of ≥ 1 cycle of PTC124 treatment in the previous Phase 2a study protocol (Protocol Number PTC124-GD-005-CF).
* Abnormal nasal epithelial TEPD total chloride conductance (a more electrically negative value than -5 mV for Δchloride-free+isoproterenol).
* FEV1 ≥ 40% of predicted for age, gender, and height.
* Oxygen saturation (as measured by pulse oximetry) ≥92% on room air.
* Willingness of male and female patients, if not surgically sterile, to abstain from sexual intercourse or employ a barrier or medical method of contraception during the study drug administration and follow-up periods.
* Negative pregnancy test (for females of childbearing potential).
* Willingness and ability to comply with scheduled visits, drug administration plan, study procedures, and study restrictions.
* Ability to provide written informed consent.
* Evidence of signed and dated informed consent document indicating that the patient has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the trial.

Exclusion Criteria:

The presence of any of the following conditions will exclude a patient from enrollment in the study:

* Prior or ongoing medical condition, medical history, physical findings, ECG findings, or laboratory abnormality that, in the investigator's opinion, could adversely affect the safety of the patient, makes it unlikely that the course of treatment or follow-up would be completed, or could impair the assessment of study results.
* Ongoing acute illness including acute upper or lower respiratory infections within 2 weeks before start of study treatment in this study.
* History of major complications of lung disease (including recent massive hemoptysis or pneumothorax) within 2 months prior to start of study treatment in this study.
* Abnormalities on screening chest x-ray suggesting clinically significant active pulmonary disease other than CF, or new, significant abnormalities such as atelectasis or pleural effusion which may be indicative of clinically significant active pulmonary involvement secondary to CF.
* Hemoglobin \<10 g/dL.
* Serum albumin \<2.5 g/dL.
* Abnormal liver function (serum total bilirubin \> the upper limit of normal, or serum ALT, AST, or GGT \>2.0 times the upper limit of normal). Abnormal renal function (serum creatinine \>1.5 times upper limit of normal).
* Pregnancy or breast-feeding.
* History of solid organ or hematological transplantation.
* Exposure to another investigational drug within 14 days prior to start of study treatment in this study.
* Ongoing participation in any other therapeutic clinical trial.
* Ongoing use of thiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) agonists, eg, rosiglitazone (Avandia® or equivalent) or pioglitazone (Actos® or equivalent).
* Change in intranasal medications (including use of corticosteroids, cromolyn, ipratropium bromide, phenylephrine, or oxymetazoline) within 7 days prior to start of study treatment in this study.
* Change in treatment with systemic or inhaled corticosteroids within 7 days prior to start of study treatment in this study.
* Use of or requirement for inhaled gentamicin or amikacin within 14 days prior to start of study treatment in this study or during study treatment.
* Requirement for systemic aminoglycoside antibiotics within 14 days prior to start of study treatment in this study.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Ability to provide written informed consent (parental/guardian consent and participant assent if \<18 years of age)
* Age ≥6 years
* Body weight ≥16 kg
* Abnormal nasal transepithelial potential difference (TEPD) total chloride conductance (a less electrically negative value than -5 millivolts (mV) for total chloride conductance \[Δchloride-free+isoproterenol\])
* Sweat chloride \>40 milliequivalents/liter (mEq/L)
* Documentation of the simultaneous presence of a nonsense mutation in at least 1 allele of the CFTR gene and a CF-causing mutation in the other CFTR allele, as determined by gene sequencing from a laboratory certified by the College of American Pathologists (CAP), under the Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act/Amendment (CLIA), or by an equivalent organization
* Verification that a blood sample has been drawn for confirmation of the presence of a nonsense mutation in the CFTR gene
* Ability to perform a valid, reproducible spirometry test using the study-specific spirometer with demonstration of an FEV1 ≥40% and ≤90% of predicted for age, gender, and height
* Resting oxygen saturation (as measured by pulse oximetry) ≥92% on room air
* Documentation by VivoMetrics that the participant has satisfactorily completed a 24-hour LifeShirt® cough frequency assessment
* Confirmed screening laboratory values within the central laboratory ranges (hepatic, adrenal, renal, serum electrolytes, and reproduction \[women only\] parameters)
* In participants who are sexually active, willingness to abstain from sexual intercourse or employ a barrier or medical method of contraception during the study drug administration and 4-week follow-up period
* Willingness and ability to comply with scheduled visits, drug administration plan, study restrictions, and study procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients or excipients of the study drug
* Any change (initiation, change in type of drug, dose modification, schedule modification, interruption, discontinuation, or reinitiation) in a chronic treatment/prophylaxis regimen for CF or for CF-related conditions within 4 weeks prior to start of study treatment
* Exposure to another investigational drug within 4 weeks prior to start of study treatment
* Treatment with systemic aminoglycoside antibiotics at the time of the Baseline TEPD assessment
* Treatment with intravenous antibiotics within 3 weeks prior to start of study treatment
* History of solid organ or hematological transplantation
* Ongoing immunosuppressive therapy (other than corticosteroids)
* Ongoing warfarin, phenytoin, or tolbutamide therapy
* Ongoing participation in any other therapeutic clinical trial
* Major complications of lung disease (including massive hemoptysis, pneumothorax, or pleural effusion) within 8 weeks prior to start of study treatment
* Evidence of pulmonary exacerbation or acute upper or lower respiratory tract infection (including viral illnesses) within 3 weeks prior to randomization
* Known portal hypertension
* Positive hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C antibody test, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test
* Pregnancy or breast-feeding
* Current smoker or a smoking history of ≥10 pack-years (number of cigarette packs/day \* number of years smoked)
* Prior or ongoing medical condition (for example, concomitant illness, alcoholism, drug abuse, psychiatric condition), medical history, physical findings, electrocardiography findings, or laboratory abnormality that, in the Investigator's opinion, could adversely affect the safety of the participant, makes it unlikely that the course of treatment or follow-up would be completed, or could impair the assessment of study results.
C: Inclusion Criteria: Participants must meet all of the following conditions to be eligible for enrollment into the study:

1. Diagnosis of CF based on conclusively abnormal sweat test (sweat chloride \>35 milliequivalents \[mEq\]/liter).
2. Abnormal nasal epithelial TEPD total chloride conductance (a more electrically negative value than 5 mV for Δchloride-free+isoproterenol).
3. Presence of a mutation in both alleles.
4. Documentation that a blood sample has been drawn for reconfirmation of the presence of a nonsense mutation in the CFTR gene.
5. Age ≥6 years.
6. Body weight ≥25 kg.
7. FEV1 ≥40% of predicted for age, gender, and height.
8. Oxygen saturation ≥92% on room air.
9. Willingness of male and female participants, if not surgically sterile, to abstain from sexual intercourse or employ a barrier or medical method of contraception during the study drug administration and follow-up periods.
10. Negative pregnancy test (for females of childbearing potential).
11. Willingness and ability to comply with scheduled visits, drug administration plan, study procedures (including TEPD measurements, clinical laboratory tests, pulmonary function tests, and PK sampling), and study restrictions.
12. Ability to provide written informed consent and/or assent.
13. Evidence of signed and dated informed consent document (by the participant or a legal guardian) indicating that the participant and/or the legal guardian has been informed of all pertinent aspects of the trial.

Exclusion Criteria: The presence of any of the following conditions will exclude a participant from enrollment in the study:

1. Prior exposure to ataluren.
2. Prior or ongoing medical condition (for example, concomitant illness, alcoholism, drug abuse, psychiatric condition), medical history, physical findings, ECG findings, or laboratory abnormality that, in the Investigator's opinion, could adversely affect the safety of the participant, makes it unlikely that the course of treatment or follow-up would be completed, or could impair the assessment of study results.
3. Ongoing acute illness including acute upper or lower respiratory infections within 2 weeks before start of study treatment.
4. History of major complications of lung disease (including recent massive hemoptysis or pneumothorax) within 2 months prior to start of study treatment.
5. Abnormalities on screening chest x-ray suggesting clinically significant active pulmonary disease other than CF, or new, significant abnormalities such as atelectasis or pleural effusion which may be indicative of clinically significant active pulmonary involvement secondary to CF.
6. Positive hepatitis B surface antigen, hepatitis C antibody test, or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) test.
7. Hemoglobin \<10 grams/deciliter (g/dL).
8. Serum albumin \<2.5 g/dL.
9. Abnormal liver function (serum total bilirubin \> the upper limit of normal, or serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), or gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) \>2.0 times the upper limit of normal).
10. Abnormal renal function (serum creatinine \>1.5 times upper limit of normal).
11. Pregnancy or breast-feeding.
12. History of solid organ or hematological transplantation.
13. Exposure to another investigational drug within 14 days prior to start of study treatment.
14. Ongoing participation in any other therapeutic clinical trial.
15. Ongoing use of thiazolidinedione peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR γ) agonists, for example, rosiglitazone (Avandia® or equivalent) or pioglitazone (Actos® or equivalent).
16. Change in intranasal medications (including use of corticosteroids, cromolyn, ipratropium bromide, phenylephrine, or oxymetazoline) within 14 days prior to start of study treatment.
17. Change in treatment with systemic or inhaled corticosteroids within 14 days prior to start of study treatment.
18. Use of or requirement for inhaled gentamicin or amikacin within 14 days prior to start of study treatment or during study treatment.
19. Requirement for systemic aminoglycoside antibiotics within 14 days prior to start of study treatment.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* CF as diagnosed by:

  1. Documented sweat chloride greater than or equal to 60 mEq/L by quantitative pilocarpine iontophoresis test; or
  2. Two well-characterized genetic mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene; or
  3. Abnormal nasal potential difference with accompanying symptoms characteristic of CF.
* PA present in expectorated sputum or throat swab culture at Screening.
* Participants must have received three or more courses of TIS within the previous 12 months.
* Participants on chronic azithromycin must have had no change in regimen in the previous 3 months and must have had a need for TIS and/or additional antipseudomonal therapy since initiation of azithromycin.
* Forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) between (and including) 25% and 75% predicted at Screening.
* Ability to perform reproducible pulmonary function tests.
* Arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) greater than or equal to 90% on room air at Screening.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current use of oral corticosteroids in doses exceeding the equivalent of 10 mg prednisone a day or 20 mg prednisone every other day.
* History of sputum or throat culture swab yielding Burkholderia cepacia in the past 2 years.
* History of daily continuous oxygen supplementation or requirement for more than 2 liters/minute at night.
* Administration of any investigational drug or device within 28 days of Screening (Visit 1) or within 6 half-lives of the investigational drug (whichever was longer).
* Known local or systemic hypersensitivity to monobactam antibiotics.
* Inability to tolerate inhalation of a short acting Beta-2 agonist.
* Changes in antimicrobial, bronchodilator, anti-inflammatory, or corticosteroid medications within 7 days before Screening or between Screening and the next visit.
* Changes in physiotherapy technique or schedule within 7 days before Screening or between Screening and the next visit.
* History of lung transplantation.
* A chest X-ray indicating abnormal findings at Screening or within the previous 90 days.
* Abnormal renal or hepatic function or serum chemistry at Screening (aspartate aminotransferase \[AST\], alanine aminotransferase \[ALT\] greater than 5 times the upper limit of normal range; Creatinine greater than 2 times the upper limit of normal range).
* Positive pregnancy test at Screening.
* Female of childbearing potential who was lactating or in the opinion of the investigator was not practicing acceptable birth control.
* Any serious or active medical or psychiatric illness, which in the opinion of the investigator would have interfered with participant treatment, assessment, or compliance with the protocol.

Answer: D