Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Randomized Controlled Study of the Efficacy of Analytic Oriented Group Psychotherapy for Psychiatric Outpatients
Brief Summary: A primary goal of this study is to investigate the significance of treatment duration, by comparing change after group psychotherapy of varying lengths. A secondary goal is to investigate the predictive value of selected patient variables on outcome: personality pathology, quality of object relations, presence of personality disorder, degree of initial disturbance, and education. One hundred and twenty patients from 5-6 different study sites (consisting of one coordinator and 3 therapists) will be included. Exclusion criteria are psychosis, substance abuse, and organically based symptoms. Patients are interviewed before treatment and one year after termination, and self-rated outcome measures are filled in at 3-month intervals during treatment and at termination. After an initial evaluation, patients are randomized to one of two manualized psychodynamic group psychotherapies with different treatment lengths (20 and 80 sessions). Each therapist will conduct both a short- and a long-term group, and sessions are taped in order to check treatment integrity.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria exclusive to the Outpatient Clinic

* Age \>18 years
* Personality disorder(s) considered to be primary diagnosis/diagnoses

Inclusion Criteria exclusive to the trial:

* A minimum of four DSM-5 criteria for borderline personality disorder
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria exclusive to the Outpatient Clinic:

* Possibility of a learning disability (IQ\<75)
* A diagnosis of schizotypal personality disorder or antisocial personality disorder
* Presence of a comorbid psychiatric disorder that requires specialist treatment elsewhere
* Current (past 2 months) substance dependance including alcohol
* Concurrent psychotherapeutic treatment outside the clinic

Exclusion Criteria exclusive to the trial:

- Lack of informed consent
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients who consult or are referred to oupatient psychiatric centers or private pratice, and who are considered suitable for ambulant psychodynamic group psychotherapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Active psychotic disorder, drug or alcohol dependence as main diagnosis, organically based symptoms, e.g. brain damage, autism and adult ADHD.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients admitted in the period of January 2013 until January 2014
* patients who fulfill the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual-IV Text Revision criteria for BPD,
* patients who have shown suicidal and/or self-harming behavior in the year preceding the admission/ start of DBT treatment, including the last month preceding baseline measurement,
* patients who show a severe level of borderline symptomatology ( \> 24 on the BPDSI),
* patients who are in sufficient command of the Dutch language

Exclusion Criteria::

* Intelligence Quotient \< 80,
* a chronic psychotic condition,
* bipolar disorder,
* hard drug abuse that requires inpatient detoxification,
* forced treatment framework,
* DBT in the year preceding intake.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Any consented medical intern from Emergency Medecine, Internal Medicine, Pediatrics, Family Practice, OBGYN and Surgery Depratments in-coming to University of California San Francisco in the study year.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Current personal mindfulness practice, once a week or more frequent;
* Use of medications with Central Nervous System effects;
* Lifetime history of an organic mental illness;
* Acute or chronic immune or inflammatory disorders;
* Pregnancy;

Answer: B