Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Nutrition, Allergy, Mucosal Immunology and Intestinal Microbiota (NAMI): Pre-, Peri- and Postnatal Programming and Origins of Disease: Early Targeting the Epidemics of Allergy and Overweight
Brief Summary: Combined programme: Nutrition, Allergy, Mucosal immunology and Intestinal microbiota (NAMI) was created with the objective to reverse the rising trend of chronic inflammatory diseases, such as allergic disease and obesity, by control of the internal and external environments of the infant. To approach this problem, the project aims to characterize

* how immunology is regulated during pregnancy and early infancy,
* how the immune interaction between mother and child is influenced by nutritional and microbial factors, and
* how the regulation is related to disease risk.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Pregnant women from families with at least one family member having an allergic disease

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women presenting severe immunological or other chronic diseases (rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes, inflammatory bowel disease, thyroid diseases, malignancies etc.)
* Women who cannot be expected to comply with treatment
* Women currently participating or having participated in other clinical trial during the last 2 months prior to the beginning of the intervention.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Infant's birth weight ≤1700 g.
* Infant's gestational age ≥ 27 weeks + 0 days and ≤ 32 weeks + 6 days.
* Infant is clinically stable
* Infants are eligible to start HMOs / placebo as soon as possible after birth, but still within the first 7 days of life.
* Written informed consent has been obtained from the parents/legally acceptable representative (LAR).

Exclusion Criteria:

* Parents not willing / not able to comply with the requirements of study protocol.
* Infants receiving ongoing prophylactic antifungal therapies.
* Infants experiencing early onset sepsis.
* Major congenital or chromosomal abnormality known to affect growth.
* Liver failure.
* Severe intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) as defined by having birth weight less than 2nd percentile on the Fenton growth chart.
* Peri-/intra-ventricular haemorrhage (grade 3-4 in Papille classification) .
* Infant in critical condition needing intubation or inotropic agents for treatment.
* Infant requiring prolonged (more than 3 doses) of steroid treatment.
* Infants' participation in another interventional clinical trial that would have significant impact on current study's results.
* Infants who have already achieved Full Enteral Feeding (FEF) prior to enrolment, using the definition accepted by neonatal unit as per standard practice (150 mL/kg/day).
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Preterm newborns admitted to the neonatal intensive care units with a birth weight 700-1500 g and who survive more than 3 days

Exclusion Criteria:

* Chromosomal anomalies.
* Major congenital anomalies (complex cardiac anomalies, congenital hydrocephalus, renal dysplasia)
* Congenital (e.g. jejunal atresia) and acquired (e.g. GI perforation) gastrointestinal pathology precluding oral feed and/or requiring major surgical or medical intervention
* Parental refusal
* Prior enrollment into a conflicting clinical trial
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Infants with birth weight less than 1500g

Exclusion Criteria:

* Sever bacteremia
* Congenital anomaly
* Not suitable for the trial defined by an attending neonatologist

Answer: A