Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Clinical Trial to Determine the Effect of a Brief Behavioral Intervention in Reducing Drug Misuse Among an Emergency Department Population
Brief Summary: Although screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) approaches are effective in reducing alcohol misuse and its associated risk-taking behaviors and negative consequences, there is little research demonstrating the effectiveness of SBIRT for illicit and/or prescription drug misuse. Misusers of illicit and/or prescription drugs frequently seek medical care in emergency departments (EDs), particularly for reasons related to their misuse. As a result, the ED is well suited as a site to conduct an analysis of the effectiveness of SBIRT for this population.

The Brief Intervention for Drug Misuse for the Emergency Department (BIDMED) study is a randomized, controlled, trial that will include adult ED patients at a large, academic, trauma center (Rhode Island Hospital) and a community hospital (The Miriam Hospital) who have a subcritical illness or injury and whose screening indicates illicit and/or prescription drug misuse. BIDMED participants will be randomized to receive screening only (SO) or brief intervention (BI) with appropriate referral to treatment. Participants will complete a battery of blinded baseline assessments using standardized instruments as well as adapted instruments specific to the aims of this study. All participants will undergo blinded follow-up assessments at three, six, and twelve months post-randomization. The primary hypotheses addressed in the BIDMED study are that, compared to participants in the SO arm, participants in the BI arm will show a significantly greater reduction in: (1) drug misuse within the prior 30 days at three months post-randomization, (2) behaviors associated with drug misuse at six months post-randomization; and (3) negative physical health, psychosocial health, and socioeconomic consequences at twelve months post-randomization. As a secondary aim, the impact of BI compared to SO will be assessed on participants contacting, enrolling in, and completing a drug treatment program. In addition, the impact of BI compared to SO on increasing uptake of HIV and hepatitis B/C screening will be measured. A mechanisms of change model that addresses the expected mediators and moderators of change to explain the effects of SBIRT in this setting will also be developed and tested. Further, the epidemiology of illicit and/or prescription drug misuse will be assessed in a random sample of ED patients.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* incarcerated women
* current hazardous drinking
* current HIV risk behavior

Exclusion Criteria:

-
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Self-report of illicit and/or prescription drug misuse in the past three-months. Presenting at the emergency department for medical care.

Exclusion Criteria:

Not age appropriate, in custody, medically unstable, actively psychotic, suicidal

-
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 or over
* speak English or Spanish
* competent to give consent and interact
* drug use risk higher than alcohol use risk

Exclusion Criteria:

* under 18
* non english or spanish speaker
* no telephone where one can be reached
* too injured/sick to participate
* alcohol use risk higher than drug use risk
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients who are treated for an intentional or unintentional injury associated with motor vehicle collisions involving driver (i.e., passenger or pedestrian) will be eligible for inclusion in the study.
* Patients who are treated for an intentional or unintentional injury associated with violence-related injuries including gunshot wounds, stab wounds, or other injuries related to assaults and falls will be eligible for inclusion in the study.
* Patients must be eighteen years of age or older.
* Study clinicians actively monitor these patients on a daily basis and the patient's ability to participate is determined through the use of hospital medical records, daily contact with the emergency department nursing staff and hospital personnel as well as direct contact with the patient.
* Currently, patients who are intoxicated at the time of admission to the emergency room are maintained in an observation area or admitted for twenty-three hour observation in order to rule out severe injury. They will be monitored by study personnel on an hourly basis and approached to participate in the study after evidence of acute intoxication has subsided.
* Admitted patients who are intoxicated will be approached during their hospital stay after they are medically stable.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients with other penetrating trauma not related to motor vehicle collisions, violence or falls, such as poisoning, bites, contusions, concussions, strains and sprains are excluded.
* Patients with traumatic brain injury, or a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of less than 15, are also excluded.

Answer: B