Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Prevention of Early Postoperative Decline
Brief Summary: The purpose of this trial is to determine whether using a brain training program in the time leading up to as well as after heart surgery will reduce confusion and cognitive loss that can occur after surgery.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery age 60-90
* Cardiac surgery scheduled at least 10 days from enrollment
* High school education level or equivalent

Exclusion Criteria:

* Preexisting psychiatric illness
* History of cerebrovascular event or seizure
* Non English speakers
* Baseline severe cognitive dysfunction including Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, or other severe forms of dementia
* Significant visual impairment
* Enrollment in another study involving cognition
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with an age equal or older than 65 years
* Hospitalized at the Acute Geriatric Unit of the "Complejo Hospitalario Universitario of Albacete"
* Valid signed informed consent by the patient or legal representative.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Agonic situation
* Non-Spanish speaking
* Severe cognitive decline (Reisberg´s Global Deterioration Scale = 7)
* Patients sharing the same room with a previously included participant
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Patients with advanced cancer (local recurrence or metastatic disease) admitted to hospice care
2. Patients have reduced oral intake of fluids, as determined by clinical assessment.
3. Patients exhibit evidence of mild or moderate dehydration as defined by decreased skin turgor in subclavicular region (more than 2 seconds), plus a score of \>/= 2/5 in the clinical dehydration assessment
4. In addition to fatigue, (expected to be present in all patients based on our pilot study), patients must score \>/= 1 on a 0 to 10 scale (0=no symptom, 10= the worst possible symptom) of two of the three other target symptoms (hallucinations, sedation, and myoclonus) scored
5. Patients are 18 years of age or older
6. Patients have life expectancy of \>/= 1 week as determined by their treating physicians
7. Patients who score \< 13 (normal range) in the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS) and are able to give written informed consent
8. Patients must be able to tolerate the parenteral treatment application device (butterfly cannula or intravenous access)
9. Patients must have a primary caregiver
10. Patients must reside within 60 miles of M. D. Anderson Cancer Center. Exception to this is for patients referred from Odyssey Health Care of Conroe, patients referred from this site must reside within 75 miles of M.D. Anderson Cancer Center.
11. Inclusion criteria of family caregivers: The family caregiver is a person who is patient's spouse, parent, sibling. child or significant other
12. The family caregiver must reside with the patient and is responsible for the care of the patient. Exception to this is for patients who are admitted to In Patient hospice or nursing homes/rehabilitation centers and are under the care of the hospice.
13. The family caregiver must be 18 years of age or older
14. The family caregiver must be willing to be interviewed by the research nurse and sign written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Patient's refuse to participate in the study or are not competent to give informed consent
2. Patients are suffering from severe dehydration defined as decreased blood pressure or low perfusion of limbs, decreased level of consciousness, or no urine output for 12 hours
3. Patients with history or clinical evidence of renal failure. Creatinine \>1.5 x \*Upper Limit of Normal. (M.D. Anderson Cr ULN=1.5 mg/dl). Therefore, a patient with Creatinine of (CR)\> 2.25 mg/dl will be excluded.
4. Patients with history or clinical evidence of congestive heart failure
5. Patients who are not able to complete the baseline assessment forms
6. Patients have history of bleeding disorders demonstrated by clinical evidence of active bleeding, hematuria, hematoma, ecchymoses, and petechiae
7. Patients with brain metastasis, leptomeningeal disease or primary brain tumors will be eligible for participation in this study as long as there is no evidence of altered mental status as demonstrated by a normal score on the Memorial Delirium Assessment Scale (MDAS).
8. The family caregiver refuses to participate in the study
9. The family caregiver has difficulty understanding the intent of the study
D: Inclusion criteria:

* Diagnosis of cancer
* Age ≥ 18 yr
* Estimated prognosis of ≤ 1 week
* Patient unable to maintain sufficient oral intake (1L / day)

Exclusion criteria:

* Patient clinically dehydrated
* Patient has hyperactive delirium ("terminal agitation") at present
* Patient has had hyperactive delirium ("terminal agitation") in the last 24hr
* Clinical indication for clinically-assisted hydration (e.g. hypercalcaemia)
* Clinical contra-indication to clinically-assisted hydration (e.g. cardiac failure)
* Clinical contra-indication to peripheral cannulation
* Intravenous fluids / subcutaneous fluids / total parenteral nutrition (TPN) / enteral feeding or fluids already being administered
* Patient likely to be transferred to another setting for end of life care (e.g. home, hospice)

Answer: A