Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Comparison of the IntellO2 - Precision Flow Automatic FiO2 Controller to Manual Control for Optimizing Oxygenation in Preterm Infants Receiving High Flow Nasal Cannula Therapy
Brief Summary: The overall objective of this study is to demonstrate that the IntellO2 device providing automated control of fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) adjustments in spontaneously breathing infants with fluctuating arterial blood oxygen saturation levels is safe and efficacious in the routine clinical environment. Specifically, it is hypothesized that the IntellO2 will perform as well or better than standard practice for maintaining infants' arterial blood oxygen saturation in a target range while minimizing the exposure to elevated levels of oxygen in the inspired gas.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* gestational age at birth \<34+1/7weeks
* invasive mechanical ventilation OR noninvasive ventilation OR continous positive airway pressure support
* Fraction of inspired oxygen above 0.21 before inclusion
* more than 2 hypoxaemic events (arterial oxygen saturation below 80%) within 8 hours before inclusion
* parental written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* congenital pulmonary anomalies
* diaphragmatic hernia or other diaphragmatic disorders
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Preterm infants being treated with high flow nasal cannula therapy
2. A need for supplemental oxygen as demonstrated by an required FiO2 \> 0.25 at enrollment
3. Requiring a flow rate of greater than 2 L/min such that the assumed inspired oxygen fraction matched delivered oxygen fraction (definition of HFNC).

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Major congenital abnormalities
2. Hemodynamic instability, defined as being outside of a normotensive range based on each infant's individual characteristics
3. Seizures
4. Ongoing sepsis
5. Meningitis
6. Clinician's concern regarding stability of the infant
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* postmenstrual age \<30 wks GA at study time
* on nasal/nasopharyngeal CPAP or mechanical ventilation (including nasopharyngeal IMV)
* at least 4 desaturations (SpO2 \<80%) during an 8 hour period within the 24h before the study using a standard pulse oximeter incorporated in the NICU (Dash 3000, General Electric, Freiburg; 10s averaging time, delay 10s)

Exclusion Criteria:

* postnatal age \<96h (to exclude rapidly changing conditions during the early phase of RDS and to avoid handling of the infant during the critical period for IVH)
* congenital cyanotic heart disease
* no decision for full treatment support
* Average FiO2 during the last 24h bevor the active study phase \>0.60
* Congenital malformations of the lung or the diaphragm (i.e. diaphragmatic hernia, congentital cystic lung diseases...)
* Clinically clear evidence for seizures
* Ongoing Sepsis (CRP \> 10mg/l, or positive blood culture, requirement of catecholamines)
* Need of blood-transfusion during study
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Admission to the emergency for respiratory disease justifying an oxygen administration to maintain a SpO2 ≥ 92%.
* inclusion within a time less than 24 hours after the start of the oxygen at the emergency department.
* written consent of the parents of the child

Exclusion Criteria:

* Necessity of an oxygen flow exceeds 4 L / min to maintain a SpO2 higher than 92%
* Criteria of gravity justifying immediately a different technique of ventilatory support:

  * Disturbance of consciousness with a Glasgow Coma Score ≤ 12
  * Hemodynamic instability (MBP \< - 2 DS or need for vasopressors)
  * Cardiac or respiratory arrest
  * pH \< 7.35 and PaCO2 \> 55 mm Hg
  * Necessity of a urgent surgery
  * Age \< 1 month
  * Respiratory rate \> 80 b/min (1 month-2 years old), \> 40 b/min (2 - 10 years old) \> 30b/min (\> 10 years old) ou \< 10 b/min

Answer: B