Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Effectiveness of Additional Trunk Exercises on Gait Performance: a Randomised Controlled Trial
Brief Summary: The aim of SWEAT² study is to further explore the effects of additional customized trunk exercises on clinical and biomechanical gait performance. Despite of the evidence demonstrating the importance of trunk control after stroke, studies about the effects of trunk rehabilitation on gait performance are inconsistent. The findings of this study might lead to new scientific insights in the importance of the trunk during gait rehabilitation in people suffering from stroke submitted to a rehabilitation hospital.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Haemorrhagic or ischaemic stroke diagnosis has to be confirmed by the consultant appointed at the rehabilitation centre on the basis of CT or MRI imaging
* Patients with a history of first stroke
* Stroke onset within five months
* Patients who are able to sit independently for 30 seconds on a stable surface
* Hospitalized in the rehabilitation hospital RevArte
* Written informed consent

Exclusion Criteria:

* A score of 20 or higher on the Trunk Impairment Scale
* A score of 2 or lower on the Functional Ambulation Categories
* Patients suffering from other neurological and orthopaedic disorders that could influence motor performance and balance
* Patients not able to understand instructions
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Having suffered a single stroke episode with residual hemiparesis
* Being candidate to begin a rehabilitation programme
* Being able to walk before suffering the stroke
* Having the ability to understand and follow simple instructions
* Being hemodynamically stable within the first week after stroke

Exclusion Criteria:

* Poor vital prognosis
* Pathologies or disorders hampering the development of the study such as: blindness, prosthetics, sensory disorders, severe cognitive impairment and so on
* Absence of motor impairments after stroke
* Pre-stroke disorders that affected the ability to walk
C: Inclusion Criteria:

1. First major stroke event, a transient ischemic attack or a previous stroke with full recovery is allowed.
2. Impairment of the trunk function, with a maximum score of 19 on the trunk impairment scale .
3. Able to maintain seated position for more than 10 seconds.
4. Able to come to the rehabilitation ward as a chronic patient.
5. More than six months after a stroke event.
6. Older than 18 years.
7. With no comorbidities other than stroke affecting trunk function. Comorbidities could be musculoskeletal problems or other neurological diseases.
8. With sufficient cognitive and language capacity to perform the assessment.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Not able to give informed consent.
2. Not approved informed consent.
3. Subject does not understand the study procedures.
4. Subject has any history of another major neurological disorder.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients diagnosed with CVA in subacute ischemic or hemorrhagic type.
* NIHSS scale score less than 20.
* MoCA test with scores equal to or greater than 14 (mild cognitive impairment or absence of cognitive impairment).
* Modified Rankin scale between 0-4.
* Patients with the ability to maintain autonomous sitting and standing with or without aids.
* Patients who have received the information document of the study and signed the informed consent form.

Exclusion Criteria:

* NIHSS scale scores greater than 21 .
* MoCA test with score lower than 14.
* Modified Rankin scale between 5-6.
* Patients without the ability to maintain autonomous sitting.
* Patients who refused to sign the informed consent form.
* Hospital discharge expected at the beginning of the study.
* Patients who at any time have shown worsening of the general state, disinterest or desire to leave the study.

  * Pathologies susceptible to worsening or contraindication with virtual reality devices and commercial video games:

    * Photosensitive epilepsy.
    * Modified Ashworth scale greater than 2.
    * Moderate-severe cognitive impairment.
    * Visual alterations.
    * Non-collaborating patient.
    * Behavioral alterations.
    * Refusal to treatment with VR systems.
    * Presence of other neurological pathologies.
    * Other cardiovascular diseases that contraindicate physical exercise.
  * Visual or auditory, musculoskeletal, bone or joint alterations in acute or chronic phase that could influence the primary pathology.

Answer: A