Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Promoting Self -Care to Prevent Urinary Incontinence
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to determine the capacity of self-efficacy to predict maintaining a behavior change at four years post urinary control intervention.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

Participants in this study were ambulatory, community-dwelling women (veterans and nonveterans) with persistent urge or predominantly urge incontinence.

Participants must:

1. Be ambulatory.
2. Be able to come to the clinic for treatment.
3. Report urge incontinence.
4. Report incontinence occurring at least twice per week on average.
5. Report incontinence persisting for at least three months.
6. Not have received behavioral therapy in the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) Continence Clinic or Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Continence Clinic.
7. In the clinical interview, the subject must report involuntary loss of urine associated with a strong desire to void and that the condition has persisted for at least three months.
8. At least two urge accidents on the 7-day baseline bladder diary, and the number of urge accidents must exceed the number of other types of accidents.
9. On urodynamic evaluation, there must be cystometric evidence of bladder dysfunction, either: detrusor instability or maximal cystometric capacity is less than 400 ml.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Continual leakage.
2. Urinary tract infection (defined as growth of greater than 10,000 colonies per ml of a urinary pathogen on urine culture).
3. Fecal impaction.
4. Uncontrolled metabolic problem.
5. Post-void residual volume \> 150 ml.
6. Hematuria on microscopic examination in the absence of infection. A urologic consultation will be recommended and enrollment will depend on agreement between the urologist and geriatrician (co-PI) that entry into treatment protocol is not contraindicated.
7. Severe uterine prolapse (prolapse reaching the vaginal introitus).
8. Decompensated congestive heart failure, diagnosed by history or physical exam.
9. Impaired mental status. (\<24 on Folstein's Mini-Mental State Exam).
10. Uncontrolled narrow angle glaucoma.
11. Gastric retention (by medical history).
12. Hypersensitivity to oxybutynin.
13. Current use of anticholinergic agents for detrusor instability. Subjects on these medications will be asked to discontinue them for the duration of the study. Evaluation will be delayed until the drug(s) have been discontinued for 2 weeks.
14. If on diuretic, dose stable for less than three months.
B: Inclusion and exclusion criteria

1. Female 55 through 80 years old
2. Post-menopausal-no menstrual cycle for the past 12 months except for women who are on hormone replacement therapy.
3. Continent of urine (using the MESA definition of continence) defined as:

   1. No previous incontinence episode except during pregnancy and/or postpartum period.
   2. Urine loss less than 6 days during the last 365 days
   3. No previous or present incontinence treatment with pharmacological agents, behavioral programs or surgical therapy.
4. No history of bladder cancer, stroke, multiple sclerosis, parkinsonism, epilepsy, spinal cord tumor or trauma.
5. No reported difficulty with activities of daily living, i.e. walking about the house, dressing, getting in/out of bed, getting to/using the toilet, bathing/showering, or eating.

Additional criteria are applied at a physical examination:

1. Mini Mental Status of at least 24
2. Negative for objective urine loss during coughing.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* women at the age of 18 and more
* patients with overactive bladder

Exclusion Criteria:

* dominance of stress incontinence
* not able to attend sessions
* do not to understand danish
* do not want training in groups or individual
* hormonebalanced (if postmenopausal with added hormonetreatment for at least 2 months)
* no treatment for OAB up till 1 month before study and during study
* no renal or neurological diseases, symptomatic cystitis or non regulated diabetes
* no pregnancy during study
* no normal gynecological examination
* no operation in pelvis up till 3 month before studystart
* no polyuria measured 2 times before studystart (\> 40 ml/ kg/ day)
* no upstart of treatment with medication during studystart which according to the investigator can create symptoms of OAB
* no participation in other CT
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Community-dwelling men
2. Age 40 years or older
3. Patient-reported urgency and 9.0 or more voids per 24-hour day (on average) on the 7-day baseline bladder diary.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Urinary flow rate \< 8.0 mL/sec on a void greater than 125 ml.
2. Post-void residual volume greater than 150 mL (based on bladder ultrasound after voiding in the presence of a normal urge to urinate).
3. Urinary tract infection (defined as growth of greater than 10,000 colonies per ml of a urinary pathogen on urine culture). Patients will be referred for treatment with antibiotics and may be enrolled if OAB symptoms persist after the infection is resolved.
4. Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP), simple prostatectomy, or other benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) related surgery within the past 5 years.
5. Current active treatment for prostate cancer.
6. History of radical prostatectomy.
7. Previous artificial urinary sphincter, sling procedure, bladder-injection of botulinum toxin, or implanted sacral neuromodulation device.
8. Poorly controlled diabetes (glycosylated hemoglobin \>9.0 within last 3 months). Subjects with poorly controlled diabetes will be offered enrollment if the OAB symptoms persist after the diabetes is controlled appropriately.
9. Hematuria on microscopic examination in the absence of infection. A urologic consultation will be recommended and enrollment will depend on clearance by a urologist and agreement by the Site PI that entry into the treatment protocol is not contraindicated.
10. Any unstable medical condition (particularly: cancers under active treatment, decompensated congestive heart failure, history of malignant arrhythmias, unstable angina, diagnosed by history or physical exam).
11. Neurologic conditions such as Parkinson's, spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, or myasthenia gravis.
12. Impaired mental status. Patients who screen as probable dementia on the Mini-Cog.
13. Contraindications to the study drugs (tolterodine and tamsulosin) including history of postural hypotension with syncope, history of acute urinary retention requiring catheterization, narrow angle glaucoma, or history of gastric retention.
14. Hypersensitivity to tolterodine or tamsulosin.
15. Current use of an alpha blocker agent. Evaluation will be delayed until the drug has been discontinued for 2 weeks.
16. Current use of an anti-muscarinic agent for OAB. Evaluation will be delayed until the drug has been discontinued for 2 weeks.
17. If on a diuretic, dose has not been stable for at least 4 weeks.
18. If taking dutasteride or finasteride, dose has not been stable for at least 6 months.
19. If on an antibiotic for prostatitis. Patients will be offered re-evaluation if OAB symptoms persist when antibiotics are completed.
20. Full course of behavioral training.

Answer: B