Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Yoga Dosing Study for Chronic Low Back Pain in a Predominantly Low-Income Minority Population
Brief Summary: A 12-week randomized controlled trial (RCT) for chronic low back pain in predominantly minority populations comparing yoga classes once/week vs. twice/week. Primary outcomes are pain intensity and measure of disability; secondary outcomes are pain medication use, treatment adherence, and health-related quality of life.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18-64 years old
* Current non-specific low back pain persisting \>12 weeks. Mean low back pain intensity for the previous week 4 or greater on a 0 to 10 numerical rating scale (0=no pain to 10=worst possible pain).
* English fluency sufficient to follow treatment instructions and answer survey questions
* Willingness to list comprehensive contact information for at least one (preferably two) friend, family member, or work colleague who will always know how to contact the participant.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Use of yoga in the previous 6 months
* New CLBP treatments started within the previous month or anticipated to begin in the next 12 months
* Pregnancy
* Back surgery in the previous three years
* Specific CLBP pathologies
* Severe or progressive neurological deficits
* Sciatica pain equal to or greater than back pain
* Active substance or alcohol abuse
* Active or planned worker's compensation, disability, or personal injury claims
B: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment or buprenorphine treatment for 3 or more months;
2. Plan to continue this treatment for next 6 months;
3. Chronic pain, defined as pain duration for at least three months (Dworkin et al., 2012), a mean score of 4 or higher on the BPI Pain Interference Scale (C. S. Cleeland \& Ryan, 1994), and pain severity of 4 or higher on a Visual Analog Scale (0-10) indicating "worst pain in the last week"(Breivik et al., 2008; Jensen, Chen, \& Brugger, 2003);
4. No current psychosis;
5. Do not anticipate have surgery in the next 6 months;
6. Not currently taking yoga classes, not practicing yoga once per week or more often at home;
7. Not engaging in meditation once per week or more often;
8. Medically cleared by a primary care physician or SSTAR's OAT physician for mild-moderate physical activity (this is the only criterion NOT required for Phase 1 participants);
9. Not pregnant;
10. Aged 18 or older;
11. Proficiency in English sufficient to engage in informed consent in English and understand classes taught in English.

Exclusion Criteria:

-
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* non- specific low back pain,
* 18-60 years old,
* \> 90 points on the OMPSQ screening questionnaire for yellow flags and sufficient understanding of the Swedish language

Exclusion Criteria:

* presence of so called Red flags,
* pregnancy,
* comorbidities affecting the ability to perform the interventions,
* presently on sick leave for \> 8 weeks,
* ongoing regular weekly yoga practice or strength training.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Group Health Cooperative enrollee
* Uncomplicated low back pain
* At least moderate pain levels

Exclusion Criteria:

* Sciatica persisting 3 or more months after physician visit
* History of cancer (other than nonmelanoma skin cancer)
* Severe disk problems
* Unstable medical conditions
* Back surgery within past 3 years
* Physically unable to do the yoga or exercise classes and homework
* Unable to attend classes
* Currently doing yoga
* Taken yoga or exercise class for back pain within past year
* Currently in litigation for back pain
* Seeking other treatment for back pain

Answer: A