Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Gradual vs. Abrupt Cessation Treatment for Smoking
Brief Summary: This study tests whether stopping smoking by gradually cutting down first is more or less successful than stopping abruptly. We hypothesize that stopping by gradually cutting down first will produce more abstinence than stopping abruptly.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Participant is a current smoker (≥ 10 cigarettes per day in the preceding\\ six months);
* Participant is willing to make a quit attempt in the 2-4 weeks after initial screening for eligibility;
* Participant is 18 years of age and older;
* Participant is willing to provide informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Participant is currently using or has used any intervention medications in the previous 6 months (i.e, Champix (varenicline); and/or Nicotine replacement therapy (patch, gum, inhaler, lozenge));
* Participant has contraindication(s) to any of the following smoking cessation medications:

  * Nicotine replacement therapy (allergic reaction to adhesive; serious cardiac arrhythmias (e.g., tachycardia); participant is during the immediate post-myocardial infarction period (i.e. incident has occurred within the last 10 days); severe or worsening angina pectoris; participant has had a recent cerebral vascular accident);
  * Varenicline (end-stage renal disease; use of cimetidine (by participants with severe renal impairment); previous allergic reaction to varenicline);
* Pregnant or breastfeeding women or those intending to become pregnant in the next year;
* Current or previous (in the last 3 months) substance abuse;
* Unable to provide informed consent due to unstable psychiatric symptoms (e.g., active, untreated psychosis or suicidality);
* Participant is unable to read and understand English or French;
* In order to prevent contamination across groups, only one person per household may participate.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Interested in quitting gradually
* At least 18 years old
* Daily cigarette smoker
* Smoke at least 15 cigarettes per day (CPD)
* No change greater than 20% in CPD in the last month
* Interested in quitting in next 30 days
* Must agree to not use non-cigarette tobacco during study
* No use of smoking cessation medication in last month
* Have phone with voice mail
* Willing to use nicotine lozenge
* No other person in household in study
* Fluent/literate in English

Exclusion Criteria:

* Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding
* Currently using medication for depression or asthma
* Heart disease requiring medication
* Heart attack in last month
* Irregular heartbeat
* High blood pressure not controlled by medication
* Stomach ulcers
* Diabetes
C: The only people eligible for this study are Wisconsin residents who contact the Wisconsin Tobacco Quit Line for smoking cessation services.

Inclusion Criteria:

* Callers will be eligible to participate in the study if they are English speaking; are 18 years of age or older; smoke a minimum of 10 cigarettes per day; are interested in quitting and are willing to set a quit date; willing and able to use nicotine patch and nicotine gum; agree to receive four follow-up counseling calls from Free \& Clear (the quitline vendor for the State of Wisconsin); provide verbal informed consent; and provide contact information and agree to take four study follow-up calls from staff at the University of Wisconsin Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Callers will be excluded if they are under the age of 18; are pregnant or breastfeeding; exclusively use other forms of tobacco (e.g., smokeless tobacco); are unwilling or unable to use study NRT medications; are currently using a cessation medication (NRT, bupropion, varenicline); or have medical exclusions as per FDA-approved product labeling.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

1. Males and females of descent between the ages of 18-65 who smokes at least 10 cigarettes/day and are seeking smoking cessation treatment.
2. Based on the medical history, physical and laboratory examination, premenopausal female subjects must consent to practice an effective form of contraception during study.
3. Following orientation by the research staff, subjects must sign written informed consent for all study procedures.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Women who are pregnant, planning a pregnancy, or lactating.
2. Current medical problems for which TN is contraindicated including allergy to nicotine, uncontrolled hypertension, unstable angina, serious arrhythmia, heart attack or stroke within the past 6 months, liver and/or kidney failure in the last 6-months and current diabetes.
3. Current treatment of cancer or diagnosed with cancer in the past 6 months
4. Current DSM IV substance use disorders (dependence involving alcohol, cocaine, marijuana or stimulants, benzodiazepines).
5. Current use of TN or other forms of NRT.
6. Concomitant medications (e.g., monoamine oxidase inhibitors or benzodiazepines within past 14 days, antipsychotics, endogenous steroids, and antidepressants (including wellbutrin or bupropion).

Answer: B