Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Manual Physical Therapy Approach Versus Subacromial Corticosteroid Injection for Treatment of Shoulder Impingement Syndrome: a Randomized Clinical Trial
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the short and long-term effectiveness of two common interventions, manual physical therapy versus corticosteroid injection, for the treatment of shoulder impingement syndrome.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age between 18-65
* Read, write, and speak English
* Tricare beneficiary and eligible for healthcare at a military treatment facility
* Primary complaint of shoulder pain
* Meets diagnostic criteria for shoulder impingement (mentioned below)

To be included in the study participants are required to have:

1. pain with one of the 2 tests in category I, and
2. pain with one test from either category II or category III. \* "pain" is defined as reproduction of the usual pain that the subject experiences that makes up the nature of their complaint.

Category I: Impingement signs

1. Passive overpressure at full shoulder flexion with the scapula stabilized.
2. Passive internal rotation at 90 degrees of shoulder flexion in the scapular plane and in progressive degrees of horizontal adduction.

Category II: Active shoulder abduction Active shoulder abduction Category Ill: resisted break tests

1. Abduction
2. Internal rotation
3. External rotation

Exclusion Criteria:

* History of shoulder injection in last 3 months
* History of shoulder dislocation, subluxation, fracture, adhesive capsulitis of the glenohumeral joint, or cervical/shoulder/upper back surgery
* Full-thickness rotator cuff tears
* Presence of cervical radiculopathy, radiculitis, or referral from cervical spine
* Total baseline SPADI score not less than 20% (to prevent a ceiling effect with treatment)
* Prior OMPT treatment to the involved limb for the current episode of pain
* Military service members pending a medical evaluation board, a physical valuation board, or equivalent discharge process, or in medical hold to determine long term disposition. For non-military personnel, anyone that is pending or undergoing any litigation for their injury.
* Contraindication to receiving a corticosteroid injection (allergies, adverse reactions, history of multiple injections in that area even if not within last 30 days, etc)
* Inability to fill out informed consent form
* Unable to come into the clinic for regular treatment over the course of the following month.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Subacromial shoulder pain lasting for at least three months and age between 18 and 70 years.
* Dysfunction or pain on abduction
* Had a normal passive glenohumeral range of movement
* Pain during two of three isometric tests (abduction, external- or internal rotation at 0º or 30º)
* Positive Hawkins-Kennedys test.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Shoulder pain bilateral (both shoulders required treatment)
* Earlier operated in affected shoulder
* Had multidirectional instability
* Had the cervical syndrome
* Rheumatoid arthritis
* Clinical and radiological findings indicating glenohumeral - or acromioclavicular joint pathology
* Not able to understand spoken or written Norwegian
* Considerable emotional distress
* Needed anticoagulant medicine
* Being pregnant
* Had had Shock Wave Therapy or Supervised Exercises before.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* diagnosis of CRCP as evident by symptoms and signs including pain on active abduction or external rotation and positive impingement test;
* symptoms of pain in shoulder for \> 3 months;
* average movement pain \> 3 on a 10 cm visual analogue scale;
* aged ≥ 18 years;
* able to understand written and spoken English.

Exclusion Criteria:

* severe pain at rest, defined as \> 7 on a visual analogue scale;
* global restriction of shoulder movements;
* systemic inflammatory joint disease;
* x-ray evidence of shoulder osteoarthritis or fracture;
* calcification about the shoulder joint;
* reason to suspect a complete rotator cuff rupture (eg. weakness of arm elevation, a positive "drop arm sign", a high riding humerus visible on x-ray or a complete tear on ultrasound);
* previous shoulder surgery on affected arm;
* physiotherapy, corticosteroid injection or hydrodilatation for shoulder in past 3 months;
* commenced non-steroidal antiinflammatory medication (NSAIDs) or conservative intervention in past 2 weeks.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* age \> 30 years
* pain duration \> 1 month
* presence of at least 2 positive impingement test results from Neer, Yocum and Hawkins testing
* total Constant score \< 80.

Exclusion Criteria: concerning the shoulder

* stiffness
* anteroposterior instability
* tendinous calcification
* corticosteroid injection within the previous 30 days
* previous surgery
* humeral fracture
* inflammatory joint disease
* neoplastic disorders

Answer: A