Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: ERPs to Academics: Exercise Effects on Cognition in School-Aged Children
Brief Summary: Recent trends have identified decreasing levels of physical activity, fitness, and health in preadolescent children. Examining factors, such as physical activity behavior and aerobic fitness that positively influence cognitive health of school-age children are important for improving school performance, maximizing health, and improving the overall functioning of individuals as they progress through the human lifespan. A sample of preadolescent children from the Urbana, Illinois elementary school system will be randomly assigned to a 9- month afterschool program that focuses on either aerobic exercise or wait-list control group to determine the effects of physical activity on basic and applied aspects of cognition. Changes in neuroimaging and behavioral indices of cognitive function and performance on standardized academic achievement tests of mathematics and reading will be examined as a function of participation in the intervention. Preliminary research supports that physical activity is positively associated with basic and applied aspects of cognition, with a stronger relationship for tasks requiring extensive amounts of executive control. However, previous research has mainly focused on older adults, and little research has examined the relationship between physical activity and executive control in children. These findings will provide lifestyle considerations for children to improve their cognitive health across the lifespan.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Parental consent
* 7.5-9.5 years
* Capable of performing exercise
* Absence of school-identified learning disability
* IQ \> 85
* Tanner Scales score \<= 2
* ADHD Rating Scales score \> 85%

Exclusion Criteria:

* Non-consent of guardian
* Above or Below age range
* Any physical disability that prohibits exercise
* School-identified learning disability
* IQ \< 85
* Tanner Scales Score \> 2
* ADHD Rating Scale score \< 85%
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Student enrolled in Health, Biology, or Public Health course

Exclusion Criteria:

* Cognitive ability unable to read or respond to questions in program
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* children at the age of 7 months and their families, recruited from the general population

Exclusion Criteria:

* severe sickness
D: Inclusion Criteria:

Children:

* 5-7 year-old female or male of Hispanic origin (identified by parent)
* resident of Davidson County or adjacent counties
* ≥25th percentile of age- and sex-specific BMI (CDC growth charts) or one parent/caregiver with BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2
* More than one child may enroll per family

Parents:

* Hispanic origin (self-identified)
* Spanish speaker
* adult age 18 or older
* parent of at least one eligible child
* Only one parent per family may enroll as a study participant and respond to questionnaires

Exclusion Criteria:

Children:

* BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2
* Medical conditions affecting growth
* Conditions limiting participation in the interventions or measurements
* Taking medications affecting growth
* No consent or inability to understand informed consent
* Incomplete or missed baseline assessments
* Plan to move from geographic area within the next 12 months.

Parents:

* No exclusions

Answer: A