Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Prevention of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder by Early Treatment
Brief Summary: To prospectively evaluate the effect of early treatment (cognitive therapy (CT), cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and escitalopram (SSRI) in preventing the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder in recent survivors of traumatic events.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults survivors of traumatic events

Exclusion Criteria:

* Traumatic brain injury
* Lifetime psychosis
* Life time (prior) PTSD
* Medical conditions forbidding SSRIs
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Male or female outpatients at least 18 years of age with a primary (the condition that is most central to the patient's current distress) symptoms of Acute Stress Disorder as defined by DSM-IV criteria: A1, A2 and at least one additional category of Acute Stress Disorder symptoms (i.e., B, C and or D criteria).
* Patients must have had a medical trauma (even if fully resolved or minor) within the prior 3 weeks resulting in admission to the emergency room and/or inpatient hospital as part of their acute trauma resulting in ASD symptoms.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients will be excluded from entry into the study for current serious medical instability such as hemodynamic compromise, or serious head injury resulting in impaired mental status. Patients with a history of medical instability associated with their traumatic injury will be allowed study entry once the problem has resolved (as long as resolves within 3 weeks of trauma as per inclusion criteria).
* Patients with a trauma resulting in head injury related seizures, or with epilepsy (except a prior history of febrile seizures of infancy which are not exclusionary).
* Pregnant or lactating women or those of childbearing potential not using medically accepted forms of contraception will be excluded.
* Concurrent use of other antidepressants, with the exception of trazodone \< 100mg/day for sleep, or amitriptyline in doses ≤ 50 mg daily for pain. Patients may remain on concomitant benzodiazepines (\<2 mg/d clonazepam or its equivalent), or sleep aids (i.e., trazodone, zolpidem (Ambien), zaleplon (Sonata)) as long as the drug therapy was initiated at 1 week prior to randomization; the dose will be held constant through the study, and will be controlled for in the analysis.
* Lifetime diagnosis of schizophrenia or any other psychosis, mental retardation, organic mental disorders, bipolar disorder; obsessive-compulsive disorder, eating disorders, cutting or other significant self-injurious behavior, or alcohol/substance abuse disorders within the last 3 months are study exclusions. Patients with a current primary diagnosis of major depression, dysthymia, social anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and generalized anxiety disorder are excluded; thus, the presence of these disorders is permissible as long as the ASD symptoms constitute the predominant symptomatology.
* Patients with a history of hypersensitivity or prior poor response to escitalopram are excluded.
* Concurrent dynamic or supportive psychotherapy is permitted as long as it has been ongoing for at least 1 month prior to onset of study entry.
* Patients with a positive toxicology screen at baseline consistent with evidence of current substance abuse or dependence as determined by clinical interview.
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* All types of cardiac surgery in which cardiopulmonary bypass is used

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age under 18 years
* Life-expectancy \< 6 months
* Emergency operations
* Re-operations within the same admission
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age 18-64
* ISS \>15
* Infusion can be started within 24 hrs of arrival to FMLH (time of injury irrelevant)
* Admitted to Inpatient hospital trauma service (not Ortho/Plastics/Neurosurgery etc)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age \<18 or \>64
* History of adverse reaction to ketamine therapy
* Chronic opioid therapy defined as \> 3 weeks of \>30mg oral morphine equivalents per day
* Current substance abuse with opioids including prescription and/or heroin
* Intubation on arrival or need for urgent intubation on arrival
* GCS \<13, significant traumatic brain injury, or suspicion of elevated intracranial pressure resulting in the patient's inability to communicate
* History of psychosis
* Active delirium
* Glaucoma
* Ischemic heart disease defined as active acute coronary syndrome
* Severe, poorly controlled hypertension (SBP \>200) on more than two readings
* Aortic Injury requiring HR and BP control
* Concurrent use of monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
* Pregnancy
* Prisoners
* Inability to start investigational drug infusion within 24 hours of arrival

Answer: A