Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Maternal Micronutrient Supplementation to Reduce Low Birth Weight and Infant and Maternal Morbidity in Rural Nepal
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of providing supplements containing alternative combinations of micronutrients during pregnancy on birth weight and other infant and maternal health and nutritional outcomes in a rural area of Nepal.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Married women of reproductive age identified as a new pregnancy using a urine test

Exclusion Criteria:

* Menopausal or sterilized woman or currently already pregnant or breastfeeding an infant \<9 months of age
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18-45 year old English-speaking women

Exclusion Criteria:

* current pregnancy
* history of tubal ligation
* hysterectomy
* partner with a vasectomy
* no sex with men
* will not be able to be reached by telephone in 6 months
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Parasitemia with a parasite density of ≥ 500 parasites/microliter
* Gestational age \> 16 weeks and \< 35 weeks
* Willingness to provide blood samples and participate in HIV counseling and testing
* Available for follow up for the entire study period
* Hemoglobin \> 7 g/dl
* Age 15-45 years

Exclusion Criteria:

* Use of folate in the last 4 weeks
* Gestational age \<16 weeks or \>35 weeks
* History of an allergy to sulfonamides or other unknown drugs
* Intake of sulfa-containing drugs or 4-aminoquinolones in the previous month
* A urine test positive for sulfa-compounds
* Sickle cell disease
* Concomitant diseases needing treatment with co-trimoxazole or other sulfa-containing drug
* Hemoglobin \< 7 g/dl
* Severe malaria or any other serious medical condition requiring hospitalization and/or additional treatment. Clinical danger signs of severe malaria include prostration, impaired consciousness, respiratory distress, multiple convulsions, circulatory collapse, pulmonary oedema, abnormal bleeding, jaundice, and hemoglobinuria. Laboratory signs of severe malaria include severe anemia (hemoglobin \< 7 g/dl), hypoglycemia, acidosis, hyperlactataemia, hyperparasitaemia (a parasitemia \> 100,000 parasites/µl), and renal impairment
D: DISEASE CHARACTERISTICS:

Inclusion criteria:

* Participated in the Nurses' Health Study (NHS I) or the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study (HPFS) and have had a previous confirmed diagnosis of adenomatous polyp of the colon or rectum
* Plan on having an endoscopy within 4 years after initiation of the trial
* Must release medical records regarding past and any future endoscopies

PATIENT CHARACTERISTICS:

Inclusion criteria:

* Plasma vitamin B12 concentration of ≥ 300 pg/mL or have a vitamin B12 concentration between 200 and 299 pg/mL and a methylmalonic acid (MMA) level ≤ 32 µg/L

Exclusion criteria:

* Diagnosis of cancer other than non-melanoma skin cancer, or early stage breast or prostate cancer
* Diagnosis of homocystinemia
* Diagnosis of pernicious anemia
* Any gastrointestinal disorder that could lead to a vitamin B12 deficiency
* Diagnosis of cirrhosis or pancreatitis
* Diagnosis of epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinsonism, and psychiatric disorders that may interfere with normal functioning

PRIOR CONCURRENT THERAPY:

Exclusion criteria:

* No prior gastrectomy, total colectomy, or pancreatectomy
* Other concurrent multivitamins or supplements that contain folic acid (they may take specific supplements, such as A, C, E, calcium, and iron, or antioxidant formula vitamins)
* No concurrent methotrexate or anticonvulsant

Answer: A