Please select the arm or intervention descriptions that belong to the clinical trial below.
Title: Treating Depression in African American Elders: A Community-Academic Partnership
Brief Summary: The specific primary aims of the study are to:

1. Test the immediate effect of the intervention at 4-months on depression in urban African American older adults (primary trial outcome; between group comparison). Hypothesis: Participants in the intervention group will report fewer depressive symptoms in comparison to control group participants receiving usual care.
2. Test the maintenance effect of the intervention at 8-months on depression (within group comparison). Hypothesis: Participants in the intervention group will maintain reduced symptom presentation from 4 to 8 months.
3. Evaluate acceptability (social validity) of the intervention and extent of engagement in activities by study participants (both intervention and wait-list control subjects).

A secondary aim of this study is to assess the feasibility of conducting a clinical trial embedded in a community service setting and its dissemination using a community-academic partnership. We also propose three exploratory aims. First, we seek to evaluate the mechanisms of action, or pathways, by which treatment gains are obtained (Gitlin et al., 2000). Given that behavioral activation represents conceptually the key active ingredient of the proposed intervention, we plan to evaluate its mediational effect. Second, we seek to evaluate whether the intervention has a differential treatment effect based on a study participant's gender, age, and living arrangement (alone or with others). Given that previous research suggests that participant characteristics may moderate depressive symptoms and treatment outcomes, these exploratory analyses will provide insight as to whether this particular treatment benefits some groups more than others. Third, we seek to evaluate whether the intervention has short and long-term effects on quality of life, functional difficulty, and self-efficacy to manage day-to-day tasks. Previous research has shown that depressive symptoms exacerbate functional decline such that minimizing distress may have the added value of enhancing function and perceived efficacy for this group over time.


Options:
A: Arm Label: B; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Behavioral: Treatment as usual | Arm Label: A; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Nurse-led case management | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Nurse-led case management; Assigned to Arm(s): A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Treatment as usual; Assigned to Arm(s): B
B: Arm Label: Assistance with Pain Treatment; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Assistance with Pain treatment | Arm Label: Treatment as usual; Type: NO_INTERVENTION; Interventions: N/A | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Assistance with Pain treatment; Assigned to Arm(s): Assistance with Pain Treatment
C: Arm Label: Behavioral based In-home Intervention; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Behavioral: Behavioral Based In-Home Intervention | Intervention Type: BEHAVIORAL; Name: Behavioral Based In-Home Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Behavioral based In-home Intervention
D: Arm Label: Collaborative Stepped Care; Type: EXPERIMENTAL; Interventions: Other: Collaborative Stepped Care Intervention | Arm Label: Enhanced Usual Care; Type: ACTIVE_COMPARATOR; Interventions: Other: Enhanced Usual Care | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Collaborative Stepped Care Intervention; Assigned to Arm(s): Collaborative Stepped Care | Intervention Type: OTHER; Name: Enhanced Usual Care; Assigned to Arm(s): Enhanced Usual Care

Answer: C