Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Expression of Longevity Genes in Response to Extended Fasting
Brief Summary: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of fasting on physical changes associated with cardiovascular disease.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

1. The volunteer (male or non-pregnant female, any ethnicity) must be \>18 years of age.
2. The volunteer must either have a body mass index of 25.0-35.0 kg/m2 or the combination of a body mass index of 18.5-24.9 kg/m2 and two or more previously or currently measured symptoms of the metabolic syndrome (fasting glucose≥110 mg/dL, triglycerides≥150 mg/dL, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol\<40 mg/dL in males or \<50 mg/dL in females, systolic blood pressure≥130 mmHg or diastolic blood pressure≥85 mmHg, or waist circumference≥40 inches in males or ≥36 inches in females \[glucose and cholesterol levels may be self-reported\]).
3. The volunteer has not routinely participated in caloric restriction (deliberate limitation of caloric intake of \<80% than the FDA-recommended daily caloric intake) within the last 2 years, has not participated in extended fasting (\>12 hours at a time) for at least a year, and does not deliberately skip meals as a routine dietary practice.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Body mass index \<18.5 or \>35 kg/m2.
2. Current active cancer treatment, treatment with immunosuppressive medications, or solid organ transplantation within 1 year.
3. Presence of immunosuppressive disease, myocardial infarction, peripheral vascular disease, or stroke within the past year.
4. Use of insulin.
5. Although it is unlikely fasting will harm the pregnant or lactating woman, the dietary restrictions placed on the participant for the duration of the study may conflict with dietary recommendations for pregnant or lactating women. Women of child bearing potential, therefore, will meet an exclusion if they become pregnant.
B: Inclusion Criteria:

Waist circumference \>102 cm (40 inches) males, \>88 cm (35 inches) females, with one coronary heart disease (CHD) equivalent or two major risk factors for cardiovascular disease.

* CHD equivalents:

  * Recent (within 3 years)documented heart attack
  * Documented symptomatic coronary artery disease
  * Recent (within 3 years) ischemic cerebrovascular episode (stroke or TIA)
  * Documented symptomatic peripheral arterial disease
* Major risk factors:

  * Documented type 2 diabetes mellitus
  * Metabolic syndrome (NCEP criteria)
  * Asymptomatic cerebrovascular, renal, or peripheral arterial disease, or past abdominal aortic aneurysm repair
  * Elevated high-sensitivity C-reactive protein
  * Age \> or = 65 years for males, age \> or = 70 years for females

Exclusion Criteria:

* Obesity of known endocrine origin
* Pregnant or breastfeeding women
* Very low calorie diet or weight loss surgery within past 6 months
* Presence of any severe medical or psychological condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would compromise the patient's safe participation, including uncontrolled serious psychiatric illness
* Likely cardiovascular intervention within next 1 month
* Allergy to rimonabant or excipients, or prior participation in a rimonabant trial
* Receipt of investigational product within past 30 days
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* Males.
* Aged 18-49.
* Individuals free from known cardiovascular, metabolic or joint disease as determined by standard health questionnaire.
* Habitual regularly participating in exercise (minimum of 3 sessions per week on average)
* Non-smoker

Exclusion Criteria:

* Known or suspected food intolerances, allergies or hypersensitivity.
* Any bleeding disorder or taking medication which impacts blood coagulation.
* Known tendency towards keloid scarring.
* Known sensitivity or allergy to any local anaesthetic medicines.
* Any reported use of substances which may pose undue personal risk to participants or introduce bias into the experiment.
* Any other condition or behaviour deemed either to pose undue personal risk to participants or introduce bias into the experiment.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 18 years
* BMI≥24kg/m2
* Polycystic ovary syndrome has been diagnosed

Exclusion Criteria:

* Taking medications affecting weight or energy intake/energy expenditure in the last 6 months, including weight loss medications, antipsychotic drugs or other medications as determined by the study physician;
* The body weight fluctuated more than 5% in recent 3 months.
* Liver and kidney dysfunction: renal impairment, creatinine clearance rate \< 30 mL/min/1.73 m2, transaminase increased, more than three times higher than the normal limit;
* History of serious cardiovascular or cerebrovascular disease (angina, myocardial infarction or stroke) in the past 6 months;
* History of thyroid diseases;
* Having been in pregnancy.
* Researchers believe that there are any factors that affect assessing subjects' participation in trial.
* History of malignant tumors;
* History of Cushing's syndrome, hypothyroidism, acromegaly, hypothalamic obesity;
* Currently participating in weight loss programs or weight change in the past 3 months (\> 5% current body weight)
* Patients who cannot be followed for 16 months (due to a health situation or migration)
* Patients who are unwilling or unable to give informed consent.

Answer: A