Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Program to Reduce Incontinence by Diet and Exercise
Brief Summary: PRIDE will evaluate the impact of weight loss on urinary incontinence in a randomized, controlled trial.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients from one single health care centre with a diagnosis of:

  * Typ 2 diabetes,
  * Hypertension,
  * Obesity or
  * Dyslipidemia

Exclusion Criteria:

* Coronary heart
* Disease,
* Stroke,
* TIA,
* BP \>180/105,
* Dementia; or
* Severe psychiatric disease
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Age ≥ 18 and ≤ 65 years of age
* HIV positive, on a stable combination antiretroviral regimen for \> 6 months, including but not limited to either 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTI) and a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTI) or protease inhibitor (PI), or a triple NRTI regimen
* Ability and motivation to modify behavior and make lifestyle changes
* NCEP-Adult Treatment Panel III defined metabolic syndrome, as defined by 3 out of 5 of the following: 1) Waist circumference greater than 102 cm (40 in) in men and 88 cm (35 in) in women, 2) Triglycerides ≥ 150 mg/dL or current anti-lipolytic drug treatment, 3) high-density lipoprotein less than 40mg/dL in men and 50 mg/dL in women, 4) Blood pressure ≥ 130/85 mmHg or current antihypertensive drug treatment, 5) Fasting glucose ≥ 100 mg/dL

Exclusion Criteria:

* Any new serious opportunistic infection within the past 6 weeks
* History of unstable angina, aortic stenosis, uncontrolled hypertension, severe neuropathy, arthritis or other contraindication to exercise
* Current therapy with insulin or other diabetic agent, fasting blood sugar \> 126
* Requiring parenteral nutrition or parenteral glucocorticoid therapy or oral glucocorticoid therapy
* Estrogen, progestational derivative, or ketoconazole use within 3 months
* New antiretroviral regimen in the past 6 months
* Serum creatinine \> 1.5 mg/dL (males) and 1.4 mg/dL (females), serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase-liver function (SGPT), \> 2.5 upper limit of normal (ULN), Lactate \> 2.0 ULN, hemoglobin \< 10.0 mg/dL
* Current substance and/or alcohol abuse
* Known hypersensitivity to Metformin
* Congestive heart failure requiring pharmacologic treatment
* Use of cimetidine or planned use during the study period
* Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy
* Pregnant or actively seeking pregnancy, breastfeeding
* Testosterone use for non-physiologic purposes, or physiologic testosterone replacement for \< 3 months.
* Presence of active AIDS including cancers
* Current viral, bacterial or other infections (excluding HIV)
* Weight loss in the past 3 months of greater than 10 pounds
* Nitrates or other medications that can alter endothelial function
* Contraindication to beta blocker or nitroglycerin use
* Patients with previous allergic reactions to iodine-containing contrast media or to iodine
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* aged ≥ 30 years and not institutionalized
* body mass index 25 to 50 kg/m2
* urinary incontinence symptoms for \> 3 months by self-report and record \> 10 incontinent episodes per week on a 7-day urinary diary
* able to complete a behavioral run-in consisting of self-monitoring of food and activity
* report having a primary health care provider
* able to understand and sign informed consent and complete baseline questionnaires
* agree to not initiate new treatment for incontinence or weight reduction, including behavioral, pharmacological or surgical therapies, for the duration of the study

Exclusion Criteria:

* current use, or use within the previous month of medical therapy for incontinence
* currently pregnant or gave birth in the previous 6 months
* current urinary tract infection (dipstick urinalysis positive for leukocyte esterase, nitrites or blood) or report having \> 4 urinary tract infections in the preceding year
* incontinence of neurologic or functional origin (by history)
* self-report of prior anti-incontinence or urethral surgery, pelvic cancer or pelvic irradiation
* self-report of significant medical conditions of the genitourinary tract (genitourinary fistula, interstitial cystitis, symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse)
* report a medical condition that would affect the safety and/or efficacy of a weight management program involving diet and physical activity, including type 2 diabetes requiring medical therapy that may cause hypoglycemia, chronic steroid use or uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure \>180 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure \> 100 mm Hg); women with a history of coronary heart disease may participate with written approval from their primary care physician
* currently engaged in an active weight loss program and/or experienced a 10% or greater weight reduction in the past 3 months
* report being unable to walk 2 blocks (1/4 mile) without stopping
* report conditions that, in the judgment of the Clinical Center Principal Investigator, render potential participants unlikely to follow the protocol for 18 months, including illness likely to be terminal within 2 years, plans to move, substance abuse or other significant psychiatric problems, or dementia
* participating in another research study that involves investigational drugs or can potentially confound the results of PRIDE
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* Adults with capacity to perform study
* Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
* C-peptide \> 0
* HbA1C \>5.5
* Unchanged diabetes treatment during last 3 months
* Weight and HbA1C varied less than 5% during last 3 months
* No acute heart disease during last 6 months
* Unchanged treatment with betablocker last 6 months
* Unchanged treatment with thyroid hormone substitution last 6 months

Exclusion Criteria:

* Treatment with insulin
* Chronic treatment with steroids (not inhaled)
* Treatment with Waran (anticoagulant cumarin type)
* Creatinin \> 130 micromol/L
* Elevated liver enzymes (ALAT,ASAT,ALP or GT \> 4 X upper reference value)
* Acute heart disease
* Changed treatment with betablocker or thyroid hormone substitution

Answer: C