Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: Examination of Palonosetron and Hydroxyzine Pre-treatment as a Possible Method to Reduce the Objective Signs of Experimentally-induced Acute Opioid Withdrawal in Humans: a Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Crossover Study
Brief Summary: Opioid medications are commonly used for pain relief. When given over time, physical dependence can occur. This results in unpleasant side effects--such as agitation and nausea--if opioid medications are suddenly stopped. We are interested in knowing if a medication named Ondansetron can help ease or prevent symptoms associated with opioid withdrawal. We are also interested in knowing if a similar (but more potent FDA-approved drug, palonosetron) can more effectively treat withdrawal symptoms with or without combination with an antihistamine called hydroxyzine (vistaril).


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy males
* Ages 18-35
* No allergies to morphine or palonosetron
* No history of addiction or substance abuse

Exclusion Criteria:

* Female
* Younger than 18 or older than 35
* History of substance abuse
* Raynaud's disease or coronary artery disease
* Allergies to morphine or palonosetron
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Meets DSM-IV criteria for current opiate dependence disorder of at least six months duration, supported by urine toxicology OR COWS score \> or =6 OR Naloxone Challenge .
* Seeking treatment for opioid dependence.
* In otherwise good health based on complete medical history and physical examination
* Able to give written informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Methadone maintenance treatment or regular use of illicit methadone (\> 30 mg per week).
* Maintenance on, or regular use of buprenorphine or other long-acting narcotic agonists
* Active medical illness which might make participation hazardous, such as untreated hypertension, acute hepatitis with AST or ALT \> 3 times normal, AIDS, unstable diabetes.
* Severe psychiatric illness (psychotic disorder, major depression, suicide risk or 1 or more suicide attempts within the past year.)
* Physiologically dependent on alcohol or sedative-hypnotics
* History of allergic or adverse reaction to buprenorphine, naltrexone, naloxone, clonidine, or clonazepam.
* Chronic pain requiring opioid analgesia or anticipated surgery necessitating opioid medications
* AIDS dementia or other chronic organic mental disorder
* Pregnancy, lactation, failure to use contraception
* History of accidental drug overdose in the last 3 years as defined as an episode of opioid-induced unconsciousness or incapacitation, whether or not medical treatment was sought or received.
C: Male and non-pregnant female subjects seeking outpatient treatment for opioid dependence with physiological features without serious medical or psychiatric disorders.
D: Inclusion Criteria:

* 18 years of age or older
* Current opioid injector, at least weekly in the past month
* Current opioid dependence, SCID confirmed
* Currently receiving an inpatient buprenorphine detoxification protocol.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients unable to be interviewed due to acute illness or cognitive impairment
* In police custody, expecting incarceration
* Persons who cannot provide two contact persons (including shelters, parole officers, etc.) to verify location
* Not able to complete assessments in English
* Enrolled in a methadone maintenance program
* Plans to leave the area within the next 6 months.

Answer: A