Please select the eligibility criteria that correspond to the clinical trial below.
Title: A Multi-centre Randomised Double Blinded Phase III Trial of the Effect of Standard Issue Red Blood Cell Blood Units on Mortality Compared to Freshest Available Red Blood Cell Units
Brief Summary: In Australia, blood for transfusion has a "use by" date of 42 days after collection. The actual age of blood given to patients depends on what is available at the time and the rate of usage. During the last decade, it has been reported that blood transfusion in patients admitted to intensive care was associated with an independent increase of mortality. Some research suggests that transfusion of fresher blood might help patients in the intensive care unit to reach a better recovery. This project will test whether patients who receive 'fresher' blood do better than patients who receive 'standard issue' blood.


Options:
A: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients with sepsis, severe sepsis or septic shock who, according to clinical evaluation, need a hemotransfusion.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Patients under 18 years of age; Pregnancy; Coagulative disorders; Cardiogenic shock (Met\<4;)Acute massive bleeding (\>8 U)
B: Inclusion Criteria:

* Patients hospitalised in ICU with an anticipated ICU stay of at least 24 hours, in whom the decision has been made by medical staff to transfuse at least one RBC unit.

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age younger than 18
* Previous RBC transfusion during the current hospital admission (including transfusion in another hospital for transferred patients)
* Diagnosis of transplantation or hematologic diseases
* Pregnancy
* Cardiac surgery during the present hospital admission
* Expected to die imminently (\<24hrs)
* The treating physician believes it is not in the best interest of the patient to be randomised in this trial.
* Known objection to the administration of human blood products
* Participation in a competing study (see below)
C: Inclusion Criteria:

* All primary and reoperative adult cardiac surgical patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass for coronary artery bypass grafting, coronary artery bypass grafting with a valve procedure, isolated valve procedures, ascending aortic aneurysm or dissection repair alone or combined with CABG and valve procedures

Exclusion Criteria:

* Age less than 18 years
* Descending thoracic aortic aneurysm repairs
* Left or right ventricular assist devices
* Those unable to receive blood for religious reasons
D: Aim 1:

Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy male or female volunteers (age 21-60 years)

Must meet guidelines for blood donors including:

* standard blood donor history questionnaire
* body weight of at least 110 lbs
* hemoglobin concentration of at least 12.5 gm/dL
* body temperature of no more than 99.5 oF
* pulse of 50-100 bpm
* blood pressure \< 180/100
* test negative for the standard battery of blood donor screening tests (anti-HIV, HIV RNA, anti-HCV, HCV RNA, HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HTLV-I/II, and WNV RNA)

Aim 1:

Exclusion Criteria:

* Failure to pass the blood donor history questionnaire
* Positive results on the standard battery of blood donor screening tests
* Failure to meet criteria for donation

Aim 2:

Inclusion Criteria:

* Healthy male or female volunteers (age 21-80 years)

Exclusion Criteria:

* Presence of intercurrent illness or other chronic diseases
* Renal failure (creatinine\>1.4 mg/dl)
* Pregnancy
* Allergies to aspirin
* Bleeding disorders
* Uncontrolled hypertension with BP \> 180 mmHg systolic and \> 120 mmHg diastolic
* Acute infection in previous 4 weeks
* History of substance abuse
* Liver failure (Liver enzymes \>2x normal)
* Inability to give informed consent
* Inability to return to Emory for follow-up

Answer: B