prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who plays the wife of the producer of Here Comes the Boom in Grown Ups?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Grown Ups (film)
Grown Ups is a 2010 American comedy film directed by Dennis Dugan, written by Adam Sandler and Fred Wolf, produced by Sandler and Jack Giarraputo, and starring Sandler, Kevin James, Chris Rock, David Spade, Rob Schneider, Salma Hayek, Maria Bello, and Maya Rudolph  The film tells a story of five lifelong friends who won their junior high school basketball championship in 1978  They reunite three decades later for a 4th of July weekend after learning about the sudden death of their basketball coach 
Produced by Sandler's Happy Madison Productions in association with Relativity Media, Grown Ups was released in the United States on June 25, 2010, by Columbia Pictures  Despite receiving unfavorable reviews from critics, it grossed $272 million and led to a sequel, Grown Ups 2, in 2013 

Plot
In 1978, childhood friends Lenny Feder, Eric Lamonsoff, Kurt McKenzie, Marcus Higgins, and Rob Hilliard win their junior high basketball championship  They celebrate at a lake house with their coach Robert "Buzzer" Ferdinando 
Thirty years later in 2008, Lenny is a wealthy and successful Hollywood talent agent, married to fashion designer Roxanne and has three children: Greg, Keith, and Becky  Eric claims to co-own a lawn furniture company and has two children: Donna and Bean; his wife Sally still breastfeeds Bean  Kurt is a stay-at-home father, and has two children: Andre and Charlotte, his wife Deanne is pregnant with their third child, and her mother Ronzoni lives with them  Marcus is a slacker and lothario  Rob is married to his much older fourth wife Gloria 
When Buzzer dies, the five friends reunite for his funeral in their hometown with their families  Lenny rents the Earnshaw family's lake house for everyone to stay over Fourth of July weekend, though his family is leaving early to attend Roxanne's fashion show in Milan  He pushes his boys to play outside and runs into his childhood opponent Dickie, who claims Lenny's foot was out of bounds when he made the winning shot 
As the friends spread Buzzer's ashes, Rob breaks down over his failed marriages and reveals that he has invited his estranged daughters Jasmine, Amber, and Bridget to visit  The men play “arrow roulette”, shooting an arrow straight into the air, and Rob wins by not running for cover, but the arrow impales his left foot, causing him to 'snap' at Gloria from the pain  
Lenny is thrilled to find the kids playing with cup-and-string telephones  Realizing the positive impact the weekend is having on their children, Roxanne tells Lenny to cancel their Milan trip and stay at the lake instead 
Everyone visits Water Wizz where Marcus flirts with Jasmine and Amber after buying them skimpy bikinis, and Eric teaches Bean to drink cow's milk  The families cause chaos throughout the park: the wives attract a bodybuilder, then jeer at his high-pitched Canadian accent; Rob assaults a slide attendant when he insults Bridget, and Eric ignores Donna's warning about a chemical in the pool that turns urine blue  At the zipline attraction, Lenny's group meets up with Dickie, accompanied by his former teammates  One of them, Wiley, is severely injured after crashing into a shed while sliding down the zipline using his feet 
The next day, Rob attacks Marcus, mistakenly believing that he slept with Jasmine, and Marcus admits to feeling insecure compared to his happily married friends  Everyone comes clean about the state of their lives: Roxanne confronts Lenny for canceling their flight to Milan before they left home, and he explains he wanted their family to have a normal vacation and to rein in his children's respectful attitudes; Deanne confronts Kurt for spending time with the Feders' nanny Rita, but Kurt retaliates by pointing out how she under-appreciates him; Eric reveals that he was laid off from his job, and was showing off the whole time so the others wouldn't humiliate him; Rob admits what everybody already knows – that he wears a toupee  Gloria helps everyone reconcile, and Lenny and Kurt offer to help Eric start a new business 
On their last day at the lake house, Lenny and his friends agree to a rematch against Dickie, Robideaux, Muzby, Tardio, and Malcolm  The game culminates in Lenny and Greg facing Dickie and his son, but Lenny misses the game-deciding shot  As the families watch the Fourth of July fireworks, Lenny tells Roxanne that he let Dickie's family win to get him off his case, and felt that his own family needed to know what losing feels like  A drunken Marcus plays another game of arrow roulette, and the crowd flees in panic  Trapped in a full-body cast, Wiley is struck in the foot by the arrow 

Cast
Production
Sandler, Rock, Schneider, and Spade met when they all joined the cast of Saturday Night Live in the 1990–1991 season; supporting cast members Colin Quinn, Rudolph, Tim Meadows, and Norm Macdonald have also been SNL cast members 
Filming commenced in Essex County, Massachusetts, in August 2009  Chebacco Lake was used to portray the fictional Amoskeag Lake where the Earnshaw family's lake house setting was  Woodman's of Essex was used for the restaurant "Woodman's Eat in the Rough  Water Wizz was also used for the water park scene 

Release
Box office
Grown Ups grossed $162 million in the United States and $110 2 million in other territories for a worldwide gross of $272 2 million against a production budget of $75 million  Grown Ups surpassed Click to become Sandler's highest-grossing film worldwide  Happy with the gross, Adam Sandler showed his appreciation by buying brand-new Maserati sports cars for his four co-stars 

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, Grown Ups has an approval rating of 10% based on 169 reviews and an average rating of 3 5/10  The site's critical consensus reads, "Grown Ups' cast of comedy vets is amiable, but they're let down by flat direction and the scattershot, lowbrow humor of a stunted script " On Metacritic, the film has a score of 30 out of 100 based on 32 reviews, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews"  Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale Connie Ogle of the Miami Herald referred to it as "the perfect poster child for this maddening summer of movie mediocrity " Rick Groen of The Globe and Mail criticized what he saw as blatant commercialism, saying the cast "lob[bed] gags they surely disdain at an audience they probably despise while reserving their own laughter for that off-camera dash all the way to the bank " Richard Roeper went as far as to say that it was "a blight upon the bright canvas of American cinema", and that he hated it  Tom Long of the Detroit News called it "trite comedy" and "total garbage " On the other end of the spectrum, Lisa Kennedy of the Denver Post called it "crude and decent-hearted" and "easy, breezy, predictable "

Awards
Rob Schneider was nominated for a Razzie Award for Worst Supporting Actor for the film, but lost to Jackson Rathbone for both The Last Airbender and The Twilight Saga: Eclipse The film won at the 2011 MTV Movie Awards for the "Best Line from a Movie" category, which it won for the line "I want to get chocolate wasted!", delivered by Becky, played by Alexys Nycole Sanchez 

Home media
Grown Ups was released on DVD and Blu-ray Disc on November 9, 2010 

Sequel
A sequel, titled Grown Ups 2, was released on July 12, 2013  Dennis Dugan, the director of the first film, returned as director  The main cast, including Adam Sandler, Kevin James, Chris Rock, David Spade, Salma Hayek, Maya Rudolph, Maria Bello and Steve Buscemi reprised their roles, except Rob Schneider  New cast includes Andy Samberg, Taylor Lautner and Patrick Schwarzenegger  The sequel follows Lenny Feder as he relocates his family back to the small town where he and his friends grew up   Like its predecessor, Grown Ups 2 received very poor reviews but was still a box office hit 
Passage 2:
Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang
Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang (released in the United States and Canada as Nanny McPhee Returns) is a 2010 period fantasy comedy film directed by Susanna White, produced by Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner and Lindsay Doran with music by James Newton Howard and co-produced by StudioCanal, Relativity Media, Working Title Films and Three Strange Angels  It is a sequel to the 2005 film Nanny McPhee  It was adapted by Emma Thompson from Christianna Brand's Nurse Matilda books  Thompson reprises her role as Nanny McPhee, and the film also stars Maggie Gyllenhaal, Ralph Fiennes, Rhys Ifans, Ewan McGregor, Asa Butterfield and Maggie Smith  The film was theatrically released on 20 August 2010 by Universal Pictures 
The film received positive reviews from critics and it earned $93 2 million on a $35 million budget  It also received a Young Artist Award nomination for Best Performance in a Feature Film  The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the UK on 19 June 2010 

Plot
Isabel Green is driven to her wit's end by her hectic life while her husband Rory fights in World War II  Between trying to keep the family farm up and running and her job in the village shop, run by the slightly mad Mrs  Docherty, she also has three boisterous children to look after, Norman, Megsie and Vincent  When her children's two wealthy, but pompous and snobby city cousins, Cyril and Celia, are evacuated to live with them in the countryside, they start fighting with them, only adding to Isabel's problems 
When the magical Nanny McPhee arrives to help, the children at first do not listen and carry on fighting, which she soon puts a stop to with her magic  Meanwhile, Isabel's brother-in-law Phil has gambled away his half of the farm, and is being chased by two hired female assassins working for casino owner Mrs  Biggles  He desperately attempts to make Isabel sell her half of the farm, using mean and spiteful schemes to leave her no choice; one of the schemes, setting loose a litter of piglets to be sold to a neighbouring farmer, is discovered by the children, leading them to bond as they work together to fix it  Isabel takes everyone on a picnic as a show of thanks, during which Mrs  Docherty's ARP Warden husband warns them about bombs and relates how he imagines a pilot might accidentally release one, and Phil subsequently delivers a telegram saying Rory was killed in action  Everyone believes the news except Norman, who is sure his father is alive because he "can feel it in [his] bones"  He tells this to Cyril, who at first thinks he is just upset, but then agrees that Norman might be right; the two convince Nanny McPhee to take them to the War Office in London, where Cyril and Celia's father Lord Gray holds an important position, believing he will know the truth 
At first Lord Gray sneers at Norman's disbelief at his father's death, but after Cyril reveals that he knows he is divorcing their mother and blasts him for his neglect as a parent, Lord Gray investigates what has happened  While he is gone, Norman asks Cyril where he will live following the divorce; upon learning he rarely sees either of his parents, he says that he and Celia are welcome to live permanently with the Greens  Lord Gray returns and tells Norman that his father is merely missing in action, and that there is no record of a telegram being sent to his mother  After the boys leave, Norman deduces that Phil forged the telegram 
While the older boys are at the War Office, Megsie, Celia and Vincent try to stop Isabel from signing Phil's papers and selling the farm by creating distractions such as pretending that a mouse was in the kitchen  Just as she is about to finally do so, a German pilot accidentally drops a huge bomb on the Greens' barley field; it does not explode, but the fallout is strong enough to cover Phil's papers with ink  When Nanny McPhee, Norman and Cyril return, Phil admits to Norman's accusation of forgery and is handcuffed to the stove by Isabel  The children go out to watch Mr  Docherty defuse the bomb, but when he faints, Megsie takes over, succeeding with the help of the other children and Nanny McPhee's jackdaw friend Mr  Edelweiss  Nanny McPhee helps to harvest the barley with a little magic, saving Phil from Mrs  Biggles' hitwomen in the process  While everyone celebrates, Mrs  Docherty is revealed to be baby Agatha from the first film and to remember Nanny McPhee, who has been staying with her  As Nanny McPhee walks away from the now-happy Isabel and the children, they chase after her, only to see Rory, with an injured arm, making his way back to them  He runs to his family and they embrace 
In a mid-credits scene, Ellie, an elephant conjured by Nanny McPhee to share Vincent's bed, is seen enjoying the magically operated Scratch-o-matic invented for the piglets 

Cast
Emma Thompson as Nanny McPhee, the  nanny who changes the lives of the Green and Gray children 
Maggie Gyllenhaal as Isabel Green (née Carrington), the frazzled mother of Norman, Megsie and Vincent 
Rhys Ifans as Phil Green, Norman, Megsie and Vincent's uncle, Rory's brother and Isabel's brother-in-law, who tries to sell the farm because he gambled it away at a casino 
Asa Butterfield as Norman Green, the eldest of the Green children 
Lil Woods as Megan “Megsie” Green, the middle and only girl of the Green children 
Oscar Steer as Vincent Green, the youngest of the Green children 
Eros Vlahos as Cyril Gray, the spoiled cousin of Norman, Megsie and Vincent  He becomes kinder throughout the film and makes friends with Norman 
Rosie Taylor-Ritson as Celia Gray, the other spoiled cousin of Norman, Megsie and Vincent  She also becomes kinder throughout the film and makes friends with Megsie 
Maggie Smith as Agatha Rose Docherty (née Brown), the owner of the shop at which Mrs  Green works  She's baby Aggie from the first film grown up 
Ewan McGregor as Rory Green, Isabel's husband, Phil's brother and the father of the Greens, away fighting in World War II 
Ralph Fiennes as Lord Gray, Cyril and Celia's father, a General very high up in the War Office 
Sam Kelly as Mr  Algernon Docherty, Mrs  Docherty's husband, who's an ARP (Air Raid Precautions) Warden 
Sinead Matthews as Miss Topsey, a henchwoman of Mrs  Biggles, the woman who owns the casino at which Phil gambled the farm away 
Katy Brand as Miss Turvey, the colleague of Miss Topsey 
Bill Bailey as Farmer MacReadie, the farmer who buys the piglets from the Greens 
Nonso Anozie as Sergeant Ralph Jeffreys - the guard at the War Office, and a former charge of Nanny McPhee 
Daniel Mays as Blenkinsop - Cyril and Celia's chauffeur 
Ed Stoppard as Lieutenant Addis, a coworker of Lord Gray 
Toby Sedgwick as an enemy plane pilot 

Production
Filming locations
The village in the film is Hambleden in Buckinghamshire, the farm set and scenes were filmed in Hascombe, near Godalming in Surrey and the War Office scenes, both interior and exterior, were filmed at the University of London, and the motorbike scenes on various London roads Dunsfold Aerodrome, the location of Top Gear, name Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang as being filmed there, with more filming taking place at Shepperton Studios 

Release
Theatrical
Nanny McPhee and the Big Bang was theatrically released on 20 August 2010 by Universal Pictures (2 April 2010 in the UK) 

Home media
The film was released on DVD and Blu-ray in the UK on 19 June 2010  Nanny McPhee Returns, as the film was renamed for the North American market, was released on DVD and Blu-ray on 14 December 2010 

Other media
Emma Thomson wrote a novelization of the movie  Thomson narrated its audiobook and included a behind-the-scenes diary  Thomson won the Audie Award for Narration by the Author and was nominated for an Audie Award for Middle Grade Title and a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for Children for her narration

Reception
Critical response
Critical response for the film was positive  Review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a rating of 75% based on 121 reviews  The site's critic consensus reads: "Emma Thompson's second labor of love with the Nanny McPhee character actually improves on the first, delivering charming family fare with an excellent cast " Metacritic calculated an average score of 52 out of 100 based on 25 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews"  Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A-" on an A+ to F scale  The Independent also gave a favourable review, with praise given to the actors and Thompson's script "

Box office
In the UK, the film opened at number one, with £2,586,760, outperforming new release The Blind Side, grossing a total of £16,211,057  In the United States and Canada, it debuted in seventh position with a $8 4 million  Gross exceeded $27 million 

Awards
Cancelled sequel
A third film, to be set in 21st-century England, was planned, but the sequel did not meet studio expectations and plans for any future films were cancelled 
Passage 3:
Here Comes the Boom
Here Comes the Boom is a 2012 American sports comedy film directed by Frank Coraci, co-written, produced by, and starring Kevin James as a biology teacher who attempts to save his school's music program by becoming an MMA fighter  It was also written by Allan Loeb with music by Rupert Gregson-Williams  The film co-stars Henry Winkler and Salma Hayek  It was produced by Happy Madison Productions  The film was released in the United States on October 12, 2012, by Columbia Pictures  The film's title is taken from the song "Boom" by Christian nu-metal band P O D 

Plot
Former Division I collegiate wrestler Scott Voss is a 42-year-old bored and disillusioned biology teacher at the failing Wilkinson High School  Budget cutbacks at the school jeopardize the continuation of its music program, which would result in its teacher, Marty Streb, being laid off  Concerned for both his colleague and his students, Scott attempts to raise the $48,000 necessary to keep the music program  He moonlights as a night instructor for an adult citizenship class, where student Niko requests outside tutoring  When Scott arrives at Niko's apartment, he learns that Niko is a former MMA fighter  While watching the UFC at Niko's apartment, Scott learns that the loser of a fight receives $10,000, which gives him the idea of raising the money by fighting and losing in MMA 
Scott, helped by Niko and Marty, begins with small unsanctioned bouts paying only $750 to the loser  Niko begins training him in defense, later adding trainer Mark to teach offense, after Scott knocks out opponent "Lucky" Patrick Murray and realizes that wins give larger payouts, needing fewer fights to achieve his goal  While Marty trains with Scott, Malia De La Cruz, one of Scott's students and a band member, helps Niko study for his citizenship test by putting the information into songs  Scott then begins fighting in small MMA fights and gradually gains greater amounts of money for the school 
Scott has been pursuing the school nurse, Bella Flores, and they share moments flirting with each other, while also rekindling Scott's passion for teaching  He begins to engage the class and earns the respect of his students  Scott is within $6,000 of his goal when Mark tells him that Niko turned down a sanctioned UFC fight offered by Joe Rogan, with the certainty of earning $10,000 for a loss  Scott confronts Niko, who apologizes and admits he turned it down because he was jealous as he was once asked to fight at the UFC but suffered a neck injury while training, ending his career  Scott and Niko accept the offer, and they travel to the MGM Grand Las Vegas for the fight  The night he arrives, Bella calls Scott to tell him that the school's vice principal Robert Elkins has been arrested for embezzling from the school, including Scott's winnings  All Scott's efforts have been in vain, and he decides he must win the fight and the $50,000 
The publicity of Scott's rise to fame has grown, and the school's band appears in the stands to play his theme song, "Holly Holy" by Neil Diamond, thanks to Bella contacting Rogan  During the fight, Marty reminds the losing Scott that even if he does not win, he has inspired the students, which is their real purpose as teachers  Scott has no answer to his dangerous opponent Ken Dietrich, who is angered that his original opponent canceled and that he is stuck with a man that "does not deserve" to be fighting at the UFC  Scott struggles to survive the first two rounds, but after finding inspiration from the students, he manages to win in the third and final round of the fight, earning $50,000 and Dietrich's respect  Scott and Bella kiss through the chain link fence of the ring 
In the closing scene, the music program is saved, the school is operating on a normal budget thanks to Scott's donation and Niko and all of the students in Scott's citizenship class attend their American citizenship ceremony 

Cast
Production
Filming began on March 28, 2011, in and around the Boston, Massachusetts, area  Filming continued on through May 25, 2011, in Lowell and Quincy, Massachusetts, where it wrapped shortly thereafter, by early June 2011 

Music
"Holly Holy" – versions by Neil Diamond and Charice are heard in the film
"Bouncing off the Ceiling (Upside Down)" by A-Teens
"Joker & the Thief" by Wolfmother
"Optimus Bellum Domitor" by Sak, Williams and Welch
"Boom" by P O D 
"Spank" by Jimmy "Bo" Horne
"James Brown Is Dead" by L A  Style
"New Noise" by Refused
"Holly Holy" by Neil Diamond
"Faithfully" by Journey
"Holly Holy (NSFW Remix)" by Neil Diamond ft  UltraLove
"Pictures" by Joseph Anderson
"I Stand Alone" by Godsmack
"Doin' It Right (Delta Mix)" by Steve Azar

Release
DVD was released in Region 1 in the United States on February 5, 2013, and also Region 2 in the United Kingdom on 18 March 2013, it was distributed by Sony Pictures Home Entertainment 

Reception
Box office
In its opening weekend, the movie earned $11 8 million in the domestic box office and ended its box office run with $73 million worldwide 

Critical reception
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds a rating of 42% based on 98 reviews, and an average rating of 5/10  The website's consensus reads, "Here Comes the Boom benefits from Kevin James's genial presence, but the film doesn't deliver enough laughs to live up to its title – or enough satisfying plot to make up the difference " On Metacritic the film has a score of 40 out of 100, based on reviews from 26 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews"  Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A" on an A+ to F scale USA Today's Scott Bowles says the film "telegraphs every punch     but when the comedy connects, it can deliver with funny force"  He says, "The film suffers from too many side stories, but it does a nice job capturing the heavyweight battles of everyday folk " 
Michael Phillips of the Chicago Tribune writes: "Once it gets going and commits to its time-worn inspirational formula, it's not half-bad " Neil Genzlinger of The New York Times wrote: "If you can choke down the implausible notion that the doughy Kevin James would last more than five seconds in a mixed martial arts ring, Here Comes the Boom is a moderately enjoyable, nontaxing sort of comedy "John Anderson of Variety magazine wrote: "Hands of stone meet heads of air in Here Comes the Boom, a sports story so daffy it may as well star Kevin James " He called the film "a triumph of recycling" comparing it to Rocky  Anderson is critical of the different clashing tones of the film, but calls the characters likable, and writes the "violence adds a frisson of tension to the pic’s mix of grappling, romance and anemic social critique "Entertainment Weekly's Lisa Schwarzbaum called it "A cloddish, harmlessly drecky comedy from the Sandler factory of crude mush "
Nathan Rabin of The A V  Club wrote: "Here Comes The Boom seems to have made it from the pitch stage - Kevin James does MMA to save his school or something! - to the big screen without an iota of inspiration, ambition, or personality seeping in at any juncture "
Marc Savlov of the Austin Chronicle wrote: ""Here Comes the Bomb" would've been a more fitting title, but props to Henry Winkler for rising to the occasion and turning in a sweet, idealistic performance in a film that otherwise feels like a tawdry commercial for the UFC and MMA "

Awards and nominations
Here Comes the Boom was chosen as one of ten best films for family audiences by the 21st Annual Movieguide Awards on February 15, 2013 
Passage 4:
Sau Crore
Sau Crore (lit  'Hundred crores') is a 1991 Indian film starring, produced and directed by Dev Anand  It also debuts newcomers Fatima Sheikh and Raman Kapoor  The movie is based on the story of Indian Badminton Player Syed Modi, who was shot dead on 28 July 1988 in Lucknow as he came out of the K  D  Singh Babu Stadium after a practice session  The murder sent shock waves through India, especially after the police filed murder charges against Modi's wife Ameeta Modi and her lover (and future husband) Raja Sanjay Singh of Amethi, who was a prominent politician belonging to the Congress Party  The role of Syed Modi was played by Raman Kapoor and the politician was played by (Naseeruddin Shah) 

Plot
After her husband Raj (Raman Kapoor) is murdered, Kamlesh (Fatima Sheikh) receives a shock and doesn't speak for days  The cause of this is that she indeed witnessed her husband's murder  But who did murder Raj? Was it really the politician Somnath (Naseeruddin Shah) who fell in love with Kamlesh and wanted to marry her? Was it a plot created by Somnath's rival candidate Mohanbhai (Anupam Kher) to win the elections? Or was it Kamlesh herself who wanted to leave Raj and run off with Somnath? It's up to CBI Inspector Kumar (Dev Anand) to find out 

Music
Lyrics: Suraj Sanim

External links
Sau Crore at IMDb
Passage 5:
Galate Samsara
Galate Samsara (transl  Chaotic family) is a 1977 Indian Kannada language comedy film directed by C  V  Rajendran and produced by C  Jayaram  It stars Dr Vishnuvardhan, Rajinikanth and Manjula in the lead roles  It also stars Dwarakish, Dr  K S Ashwath, Balakrishna and Vajramuni in supporting roles  The movie is a remake of Tamil movie Veettuku Veedu which was based on the play Thikku Theriyatha Veettil which in turn was an adaptation of the English comedy play Right Bed Wrong Husband  The Marathi adaptation of the same English play titled Pati Sagle Uchapati was adapted into a Kannada titled Housefull  Further, the Marathi play was also adapted in Hindi as All The Best which was remade in Malayalam as Best of Luck which in turn went on to be remade in Kannada as Ond Chance Kodi 

Plot
Vasudevan (Dr Vishnuvardhan) is rich businessman Kadikalingam's son  Vasu is fearful of his father, because Kadikalingam is a very strict man  He works at his father's company as General Manager  He is in love with a young bold woman Malathy  But Kadikalingam strictly opposes this love, so Vasu leaves his home and registers for marriage to Malathy  The couple is tenant to Kala's house  She is Malathy's close friend and her husband is Balu (Rajinikanth)  He has a close relationship with another woman Prameela, who is a stage dancer  Kala feels unhappy about her married life  Balu has been avoiding Kala lately since his infidelity with Prameela  Balu is physically abusive towards his wife  Malathy warns Balu to stay away from Prameela and to be sincere to his wife  Balu signs the divorce papers and leaves his wife and starts staying at his girlfriends house 
Meanwhile, Balu's paternal uncle died in an accident and had named him as the next in kin in the will  They intend laying their hand on 2 lakhs cash  In a moment of crisis, Malathy is forced to make her husband Vasu pose as Kala's husband Balu  Pattusamy is manager Paramanandham's son, who works as a music teacher  Pattusamy and Paramanandham come to Kala's house and spend a week with her at her home  Pattusamy falls in love with Malathy  He tries to impress her  Pattusamy is always standing in front of Malathy's room watching her 
Prameela finds a richer businessman than Balu and kicks him out  Balu who sees Vasu and Kala's photo published in a newspaper for a soap company advertisement, goes home and argues with Vasu and Malathy  Then Malathy briefly explains the house's situation  Balu claims to hear the truth and also joins the drama 
Next day, Balu introduces himself to Paramanandham as Ramesh, Malathy's brother from Sri Lanka  Pattusamy closely watches the house and the peoples' activities because he thinks there is something fishy with the members of the house  He tells his suspicion to his father, but Paramandham does not believe his son  Unfortunately, Kadigalingam reaches Vasu's rented house and calls Kala for our home  Then, Kala and Malathy was explained the truth and Kadikalingam understood Malathy is his daughter-in-law's and mistress of Vasu  Pattusamy and his father hear the news  They are explained the crisis situation and then Paramandham gives the cash into Kala and Balu's hands  Finally Malathy succeeds in her plan and Pattusamy was asked to apologize to Malathy 

Cast
Dr  Vishnuvardhan as Vasudev Rao
Manjula as Janaki - Janu
Rajinikanth as Balu
Shubha as Kaveri
Halam
Baby Rekha as Prameela
Balakrishna
Dwarakish
K  S  Ashwath
Vajramuni

Soundtrack
Passage 6:
Greetings from the Shore
Greetings From The Shore is a 2007 American coming-of-age romantic comedy film directed by Greg Chwerchak  The movie has played over 60 festivals, winning over 20 awards  It had its American theatrical release on September 12, 2008, on a limited basis The film is set (and was shot) on the New Jersey shore, mainly in Lavallette 

Plot
Still reeling from the death of her father, a young girl spends one last summer at the Jersey Shore before heading off to college  But when her plans fall apart, the girl stumbles into a mysterious world of Russian sailors, high-stakes gambling, and unexpected love 

Cast
Kim Shaw as Jenny Chambers
Paul Sorvino as Catch Turner
David Fumero as Benicio Aceveda
Jay O  Sanders as Commodore Callaghan
Andrew Shaifer as Flip Dooley
Lars Arentz-Hansen as Lars Ramkildestrom
Gideon Emery as Sasha Mientkiewicz
Ron Geren as Christos Zazavich
Cristin Milioti as Didi
Alexander Cendese as Owen Callaghan

Reception
Critical response
When the film was released Neil Genzlinger, the film critic of The New York Times, was critical of the actors experience, writing, "The problem with having a big-name actor in your small film is that he tends to underscore the inexperience of some of your other stars  That’s the effect Paul Sorvino has in Greetings From the Shore, a watchable-enough summer-at-the-beach tale billed as Gabrielle Berberich’s first feature as writer and producer   until Mr  Sorvino, a real actor and a good one, shows up  He plays a down-on-his-luck fisherman who takes the girl under his wing, and he makes Ms  Shaw and some of the other cast members look like amateurs  The director, Greg Chwerchak (who also gets a writing credit), doesn’t help; he allows several secondary characters to become thudding clichés, trampling the delicate story "Film critics Frederic and Mary Ann Brussat of the web based Spirituality & Practice, discussed the basic theme of the film, "Jenny's summer teaches her to go with the flow when her life plan is upset  She also learns that the universe is set up in such a felicitous way that when a door closes, a window opens "Critic David Hiltbrand liked the film, writing, "It's a formulaic and familiar plot, the Jersey girl version of The Flamingo Kid  But it unfolds smoothly, thanks to Greg Chwerchak's focused direction  And the water down on Barnegat Inlet Island looks oddly idyllic on film  Greetings From the Shore is well-acted, including by newcomer Shaw, who has an appealing, wide-eyed innocence reminiscent of a young Meg Ryan  This is a two-hankie weeper that doesn't really earn its tears  But it's a sweet little movie nonetheless "

Awards
Wins

Bare Bones International Film Festival, 2008 - Won, Festival Recognition: Instrumental Score - Jim Latham
Columbus International Film & Video Festival, 2007 - Won, Bronze Plaque Award: Entertainment - Greg Chwerchak
Great Lakes Film Festival, 2007 - Won, Grand Jury Prize: Best Narrative Feature; Best of the Fest; Best Director - Greg Chwerchak; Best Lead Actress - Kim Shaw
Red Rock Film Festival, 2007 - Won, Audience Award: Best Narrative Feature - Gabrielle Berberich, Greg Chwerchak
Wild Rose Independent Film Festival, 2007 - Won, WRIFF Award: Best Acting Ensemble, Best Screenplay, Best Feature, Best Director of a Feature, Certificate of Distinctive Achievement: Best Sound, Best Cinematography/Videography, Best Actress, Best Actor, Best Editing
Fargo Film Festival, 2008 - Won, Best Narrative Feature, Best Screenplay - Gabrielle Berberich, Greg Chwerchak
Garden State Film Festival, 2008 - Won, Audience Award: Pick of the Flicks; Home Grown Award: Best Feature - Gabrielle Berberich, Greg Chwerchak
George Lindsey UNA Film Festival, 2008 - Won, Honorable Mention: Professional Full-Length Feature
Tupelo Film Festival, 2008 - 2nd Place, Festival Prize: Best Feature - Gabrielle Berberich, Greg Chwerchak
WorldFest-Houston International Film Festival, 2008 - Won, Special Jury Award: Best Feature - Gabrielle Berberich, Greg Chwerchak
Passage 7:
Sylvia Fine
Sylvia Fine Kaye (August 29, 1913 – October 28, 1991) was an American lyricist, composer, and producer  Many of her compositions and productions were performed by her husband, comedian Danny Kaye  Fine was a Peabody Award-winner and was nominated for two Academy Awards and two Emmys during her career  She won an Emmy award in 1976 for children's special 

Early life
Sylvia Fine was born in Brooklyn, New York, the youngest of three children of a Jewish dentist, and raised in East New York  She attended Thomas Jefferson High School and studied music at Brooklyn College, where she wrote the music for the school's alma mater, with lyrics from the poet Robert Friend 

Career and Danny Kaye
She was working as an audition pianist when she met Danny Kaye; both were working on a short-lived Broadway show, The Straw Hat Revue  Fine wrote the lyrics and music for the show  Although the pair had never met before, they discovered some things in common   They were both born in Brooklyn, and Kaye had once worked for Fine's father, watching his office while the dentist went to lunch  Dr  Fine had fired his future son-in-law for doing woodworking with his dental drills He proposed on the telephone while working in Florida; Fine was in New York  She made the trip to Fort Lauderdale where they were married on January 3, 1940 She took a direct role in managing her husband's career and wrote many of his songs for him, both in film and recordings   Those for the film The Court Jester were co-written with Sammy Cahn  She was an associate producer of some of the films  Fine received a Peabody Award in 1980, and during her career she was also nominated for two Oscars and two Emmys  She began working in television production with her husband's 1960s television shows The New York Times reported, "In the 1970s, [Fine] embarked on a separate career as a television producer and teacher  She began teaching musical comedy at the University of Southern California in 1971 and at Yale in 1975  She produced and narrated the course as a 90-minute PBS program Musical Comedy Tonight (eventually a three-part series), earning her a Peabody Award in 1979 In 1975 she was executive producer for the television special "Danny Kaye: Look in at the Metropolitan opera "She produced and edited Assignment Children, a UNICEF film that starred her husband  In the last three years of her life, she had been writing a book about her life with Kaye, Fine and Danny, for Knopf Books 

Personal life
Fine and Kaye had a daughter, Dena (born December 17, 1946)  They separated in September 1947, attributing the separation to "two people working very hard " They reunited seven months later, and remained married until his death in 1987 
In 1992, her daughter Dena Kaye was quoted in a newspaper article, recalling Fine's advice to her and the influence it had in her life  Both Fine and Kaye were determined not to influence their daughter's choices as she grew up  In a 1954 interview, Kaye stated that "Whatever she (Dena) wants to be she will be without interference from her mother nor from me " Dena grew up to become a journalist 

Death
Sylvia Fine Kaye died of emphysema at the age of 78 in her Manhattan apartment in 1991  She is buried with her husband at Kensico Cemetery in Valhalla, New York 

Legacy
The careers of Fine and Kaye are documented in The Danny Kaye and Sylvia Fine Collection at the Library of Congress  The materials preserved in the collection include manuscripts, scores, scripts, photographs, sound recordings, and video clips 

Selected list of Sylvia Fine songs
"Anatole of Paris" from The Secret Life of Walter Mitty (1947)
"The Inspector General" and "Happy Times" (Johnny Green, Sylvia Fine) from The Inspector General (1949)
"The Moon Is Blue" (Herschel Burke Gilbert, Sylvia Fine) from The Moon Is Blue (1953) - Oscar nominee, Best Original Song
"Knock on Wood" from Knock on Wood (1954)
"(You'll Never) Outfox the Fox" (Sammy Cahn, Sylvia Fine) from The Court Jester (1956)
"The Five Pennies" from The Five Pennies (1959) - Oscar nominee, Best Original Song 
"Lullaby in Ragtime," also from The Five Pennies
Passage 8:
Marius Weyers
Marius Weyers (born 3 February 1945, in Johannesburg) is a South African actor  He lives with his wife Yvette, an artist in her own right, in Rooi-Els in the Western Cape  He received international attention playing Andrew Steyn, a bumbling scientist in the movie The Gods Must Be Crazy (1980)  He appeared in Blood Diamond (2006) 

Selected filmography
1967 Love Nights in the Taiga as Markjoff
1974 No Gold for a Dead Diver as Rene Chagrin
1977 Target of an Assassin as Colonel Pahler
1980 The Gods Must Be Crazy as Andrew Steyn
1982 Gandhi as Train Conductor
1988 Thieves of Fortune as Unknown
1989 DeepStar Six as Dr  John Van Gelder
1989 Farewell to the King as Sergeant Conklin
1989 Happy Together as Denny Dollenbacher
1989 Jewel of the Gods as Snowy Grinder
1992 The Power of One as Professor Daniel Marais
1992 Golden Girls as Derek
1993 Bopha! as Van Tonder
1997 Paljas as Hendrik MacDonald
2003 Stander as General Francois Jacobus Stander, Andre Stander's Father
2005 The Triangle as Karl Sheedy
2006 Blood Diamond as Rudolf Van de Kaap
Woestynblom (TV series) as Jerry F 
2013 Nothing for Mahala as Hendrik Botha
2018 The Seagull (Die Seemeeu) as Piet
2018 The Recce as General Piet Visagie
2019 The Story of Racheltjie De Beer as George
Passage 9:
God's Law and Man's
God's Law and Man's is a lost 1917 silent film drama direct by John H  Collins and distributed by Metro Pictures  It starred Collins's wife Viola Dana  The story comes from a novel by Paul Trent, A Wife by Purchase 

Cast
Viola Dana - Ameia
Robert Walker - Dr  Claude Drummond
Augustus Phillips - Jack Aston
Henry Hallam - Kunda Ram
Frank Currier - Major General Dennison
Marie Adell - Olive Dennison
George A  Wright - Earl of Hetherington
Floyd Buckley - Lord Charles Drummond
Passage 10:
Boom Boom (John Lee Hooker song)
"Boom Boom" is a song written by American blues singer and guitarist John Lee Hooker and recorded in 1961   Although it became a blues standard, music critic Charles Shaar Murray calls it "the greatest pop song he ever wrote"  "Boom Boom" was both an American R&B and pop chart success in 1962 and a UK top-twenty hit in 1992 
The song is one of Hooker's most identifiable and enduring songs and "among the tunes that every band on the [early 1960s UK] R&B circuit simply had to play"   It has been recorded by numerous blues and other artists, including a 1965 North American hit by the Animals 

Recording and composition
Prior to recording for Vee-Jay Records, John Lee Hooker was primarily a solo performer or  accompanied by a second guitarist, such as early collaborators Eddie Burns or Eddie Kirkland  However, with Vee-Jay, he usually recorded with a small backing band, as heard on the singles "Dimples", "I Love You Honey", and "No Shoes"  Detroit keyboardist Joe Hunter, who had previously worked with Hooker, was again enlisted for the recording session  Hunter brought with him "the cream of the Motown label's session men, later known as the Funk Brothers": bassist James Jamerson, drummer Benny Benjamin, plus guitarist Larry Veeder, tenor saxophonist Hank Cosby, and baritone saxophonist Andrew "Mike" Terry  They have been described as "just the right band" for "Boom Boom"  Hooker had a unique sense of timing, which demanded "big-eared sidemen" The original "Boom Boom" is an uptempo (168 beats per minute) blues song, which has been notated in 2/2 time in the key of F   It has been described as "about the tightest musical structure of any Hooker composition: its verses sedulously adhere to the twelve-bar format over which Hooker generally rides so roughshod"  The song uses "a stop-time hook that opens up for one of the genre's most memorable guitar riffs" and incorporates a middle instrumental section Hooker-style boogie According to Hooker, he wrote the song during an extended engagement at the Apex Bar in Detroit 

I would never be on time [for the gig]; I always would be late comin' in   And she [the bartender Willa] kept saying, "Boom boom – you late again"   Every night: "Boom, boom – you late again"   I said "Hmm, that's a song!"     I got it together, the lyrics, rehearsed it, and I played it at the place, and the people went wild 
Also included are several wordless phrases, "how-how-how-how" and "hmm-hmm-hmm-hmm"   "Boom Boom" became the Hooker song that is "the most memorable, the most instantly appealing, and the one which has proved the most adaptable to the needs of other performers"  ZZ Top later used similar lines ("how-how-how-how") for their popular "La Grange" 

Releases and charts
When "Boom Boom" was released as a single in April or May 1962, the song became a hit   It entered the Billboard Hot R&B Sides chart on June 16, 1962, where it spent eight weeks and reached number 16  The song also appeared the Billboard Hot 100, where it peaked at number 60, making it one of only two Hooker singles to enter the broader chart  It was included on the 1962 Vee-Jay album Burnin'  as well as many Hooker compilations, including John Lee Hooker: The Ultimate Collection  
Two years later, in 1964, the song made a brief appearance on the chart in Walloon Belgium, which at the time did not rank positions   In 1992, after being featured in a Lee Jeans commercial, the "Boom Boom" reached number 16 on the UK Singles Chart  It also appeared on charts in New Zealand (number 24 in 1992) and France (numbers 45 in 1993 and 87 in 2013) Hooker recorded several later versions  Following the success of the Animals' version, Hooker re-recorded the song in 1968 for Stateside Records as the B-side of "Cry Before I Go" under the longer title "Boom Boom Boom"   He reworked the song as "Bang Bang Bang Bang" for his Live at Soledad Prison album, as a South Side Chicago street musician in the film The Blues Brothers (but the song itself is not included in the film soundtrack), and as the title track for his 1992 album Boom Boom with Jimmie Vaughan 

The Animals version
English rock band the Animals recorded "Boom Boom" for their 1964 UK debut album The Animals   Their blues-rock rendition generally follows John Lee Hooker's original, although they add "shake it baby" as a response to the "come on and shake" refrain in the middle section, taken from Hooker's "Shake It Baby" (recorded during the 1962 American Folk Blues Festival tour in Europe, where it became a hit in 1963) The Animals' version was released as a single in North America in November 1964 and is included on the Animals' second American album, The Animals on Tour  It reached number 43 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 14 on the Canadian RPM Top 40&5 singles chart  The song also appeared on the unranked chart in Wallonia Cash Box described it as "a rousing salute to the apple of a guy's eye" that's "exciting, funky-styled" and "a great swinger "Over the years, several versions of "Boom Boom" have been recorded by various Animals reunion lineups as well as by former members Eric Burdon and Alan Price  In 2012, the original 1964 version was used in the film Skyfall 

Big Head Todd and the Monsters version
American rock group Big Head Todd and the Monsters recorded "Boom Boom" for their album Beautiful World (1997)  Group bassist Rob Squires described the recording session: "Hooker has just this incredible presence  He walked into the room and literally everyone was intimidated including our producer and the people who work in the studio "  Beginning with the television series debut of NCIS: New Orleans in 2014, a portion of Big Head Todd's version has been used as the opening theme 

Recognition and legacy
In 1995, John Lee Hooker's "Boom Boom" was included in the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame's list of "The Songs That Shaped Rock and Roll"   It was inducted into the Blues Foundation Hall of Fame in 2009 in the "Classics of Blues Recording" category  A Detroit Free Press poll in 2016 ranked the song at number 37 in "Detroit's 100 Greatest Songs"  Rolling Stone magazine ranked Hooker's version at number 463 on its 2021 list of the "500 Greatest Songs of All Time", down from number 220 on its 2004 list 
Passage 11:
Beethoven (TV series)
Beethoven is a 1994  American Saturday morning cartoon television series loosely based on the 1992 motion picture of the same name   The series was produced by Northern Lights Entertainment and Universal Cartoon Studios, and aired for one season on CBS Saturday Mornings, with 13 episodes with two 10 minute segments produced  Dean Jones, who played Dr  Varnick in the film, voiced the role of George Newton; Nicholle Tom, who played teenage daughter Ryce in the film and Beethoven's 2nd, was the only cast member from the films to reprise her role in the series 

Premise
The Newton family love Beethoven, their St  Bernard dog  But the father, George, has his moments with Beethoven, who gets in different mishaps time after time  When not with the Newton family, Beethoven spends time with three other dogs, Sparky (the stray from the first film), Ginger, and Caesar 
Unlike the film, Beethoven has a speaking voice, at least among the other animals  The same plot was used in another animated series, Free Willy, where the main character also could talk 

Cast
Additional voices
Crew
Paul Germain - Producer, Story Editor and Voice Director

Episodes
Home release
Universal and Goodtimes released episodes of the show on VHS  In July 2020, the series became available on the Peacock streaming service 
Passage 12:
Sonny & Cher
Sonny & Cher were an American pop and entertainment duo in the 1960s and 1970s, made up of spouses Sonny Bono and Cher  The couple started their career in the mid-1960s as R&B backing singers for record producer Phil Spector 
The pair first achieved fame with two hit songs in 1965, "Baby Don't Go" and "I Got You Babe"  Signing with Atco/Atlantic Records, they released three studio albums in the late 1960s, as well as the soundtrack recordings for two unsuccessful movies, Good Times and Chastity, with Cher contributing vocals to one cut, "Chastity's Song (Band of Thieves)"  In 1972, after three years of silence, the couple returned to the studio and released two other albums under the MCA/Kapp Records label 
In the 1970s, they also positioned themselves as media personalities with two top ten TV shows in the US, The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour and The Sonny & Cher Show  The couple's career as a duo ended in 1975 following their divorce  In the decade they spent together, Sonny and Cher were nominated for two Grammy Awards and sold over 40 million records worldwide  Rolling Stone ranked them No  18 on its list of the 20 Greatest Duos of All Time Performing under her first name, Cher went on to a highly successful career as a solo singer and actress, while Sonny Bono was eventually elected to Congress as a Republican U S  Representative from California  The two performers were inducted to the Hollywood Walk of Fame in 1998, following Sonny's death in a skiing accident 

Career
1962–1964: The origin
Cherilyn Sarkisian first met Salvatore Bono in a Los Angeles coffee shop in November 1962, when she was sixteen  Eleven years her senior, Bono was working for record producer Phil Spector at Gold Star Studios in Hollywood  The two became best friends, eventual lovers, and were supposedly married in 1964, but Bono says in his autobiography that it was not an official marriage  They were legally wed after their only child, Chaz, was born  Through Bono, Cher started as a session singer, and sang backup on several of Spector's classic recordings, including "Be My Baby" by the Ronettes, "You've Lost That Loving Feeling" by The Righteous Brothers and Darlene Love's "A Fine, Fine Boy"  In Darlene Love's recording, the listener can clearly hear Cher and Sonny close to the mic (along with Love, who recorded her own backing vocals) 

1965–1966: Career development
With Bono continuing to write, arrange and produce the songs, the couple's first incarnation was as the duo "Caesar and Cleo"  They released some singles in 1964, including "The Letter", with Vault Records, and "The Letter", "Do You Wanna Dance" and "Love Is Strange", with Reprise Records In September 1964, they released "Baby Don't Go" under the name of Sonny & Cher, which became their first regional hit  The song was later included on the 1965 Reprise compilation Baby Don't Go – Sonny & Cher and Friends, which also included songs from artists such as Bill Medley, The Lettermen and The Blendells The duo released their first album Look at Us in the summer of 1965  The album contained the number one single "I Got You Babe"  Look at Us peaked at number two on the Billboard chart for eight weeks in the later part of 1965 Sonny & Cher made their first promotional tour of Britain in the first two weeks of August 1965  The tour was organized and overseen by Larry Page, co-manager of the English rock band the Kinks, who met Cher a month earlier while she finished recording her debut album and while the Kinks toured America  Page and the Kinks' publicist Brian Sommerville quickly signed to be Sonny & Cher's European business manager and British publicist, respectively  During their two weeks in Britain, the duo primarily appeared on British television and radio, but they also performed at the 100 Club in central London on August 5 The couple appeared on many of the top television shows of the era including The Ed Sullivan Show, American Bandstand, Where The Action Is, Hollywood A Go-Go, Hollywood Palace, Hullabaloo, Beat Club, Shindig!, Ready Steady Go! and Top of the Pops  They also appeared as themselves in the film Wild on the Beach, singing "It's Gonna Rain"  On their first album Bono also displayed his political interest long before running for Congress in the lyrics of the song, "The Revolution Kind" 
As the followup to the success of Look at Us, they released their second studio album in April 1966, The Wondrous World of Sonny & Chér, which peaked at number 34  The two dressed in animal skins with Bono wearing knee high caveman boots and Cher going barefoot During 1965, five of their songs were in US Billboard Top 20, a record passed only by Elvis Presley and behind famous artists like The Beatles, The Rolling Stones and others  Periodic solo releases by Cher continued during this period, including major successes with "Bang Bang (My Baby Shot Me Down)", and Burt Bacharach & Hal David's theme from "Alfie" (as heard in the motion picture Alfie, as well as a single release), both in 1966  Because they sided with the young people being harassed on the Sunset Strip during the Sunset Strip curfew riots; they were removed from their promised position of honor in the Tournament of Roses Parade in January 1967 

1967–1969: Career woes
In 1967, Sonny and Cher released their third album, In Case You're In Love  It peaked at number 45 in the U S  charts  It contained two hit singles, both written by Bono, "The Beat Goes On" (No  6 on the Billboard Hot 100) and "Little Man" (No  21 on the Billboard Hot 100) 
In an attempt to capitalize on the duo's initial success, Bono speedily arranged a film project for the duo to star in, but the 1967 feature, Good Times, was a major bomb, despite the efforts of fledgling director William Friedkin and co-star George Sanders  After Good Times flopped in 1968, Columbia Pictures immediately sold rights to their intended follow-up film Speedway to MGM  The couple were replaced by Elvis Presley and Nancy Sinatra  In 1969, another film, Chastity, starring Cher, written and produced by Sonny, was also a commercial bomb Sonny and Cher's career had stalled by 1968 as album sales quickly dried up  Their gentle, easy-listening pop sound and drug-free life had become unpopular in an era increasingly consumed with the psychedelic rock of the evolving landscape of American pop culture during the late 1960s 
Bono decided to forge ahead, carving a new career for the duo in Las Vegas resorts, where they sharpened their public persona with Cher as the wise-cracking, glamorous singer, and Bono as the good-natured recipient of her insults  In reality, Bono controlled every aspect of their act, from the musical arrangements to the joke-writing  While success was slow to come, their luck improved when network TV talent scouts attended a show, noting their potential appeal for a variety series 
Sonny and Cher also welcomed their first child, Chastity (named after Cher's movie), born on March 4, 1969 

1970–1977: TV success and divorce
In 1970, Sonny and Cher starred in their first television special, The Nitty Gritty Hour, a mixture of slapstick comedy, skits, and live music  The appearance was a critical success, which led to numerous guest spots on other television shows  They also appeared in The New Scooby-Doo Movies as guest stars 
Sonny and Cher caught the eye of CBS head of programming Fred Silverman while guest-hosting The Merv Griffin Show, and Silverman offered the duo their own variety show  The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour debuted in 1971 as a summer replacement series  The show returned to prime time later that year and was an immediate hit, quickly reaching the Top 10  The show received 15 Emmy Award nominations during its run, winning one for direction, throughout its initial four seasons on CBS  The duo also revived their recording career, releasing the album All I Ever Need Is You, and charting two more top ten hits: "All I Ever Need Is You", and "A Cowboy's Work Is Never Done" in 1972 Sonny and Cher's dialogues were patterned after the successful nightclub routines of Louis Prima and Keely Smith: the happy-go-lucky husband squelched by a tart remark from the unamused wife  The show featured a stock company of zany comedians, including Teri Garr, Freeman King, Ted Ziegler, Billy Van and Murray Langston (later The Unknown Comic on The Gong Show)  One sketch satirizing CBS's detective show Cannon and its portly star William Conrad was so successful that Sonny and Cher staged several follow-ups, with Tony Curtis as "Detective Fat"  Everybody in these sketches wore wide-waisted "fat suits" (similar to hoop skirts), so Detective Fat and his clients and his suspects would spend most of the time bumping each other and bouncing across the crowded room 
By the third season of the Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour (1974), the marriage of Sonny and Cher was falling apart; the duo separated later that year  The show imploded, while still rating in the top 10  What followed was a very public divorce (finalized on June 26, 1975)  Cher won a Golden Globe Award for Best Performance By an Actress in a Television Series – Musical or Comedy for The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour in 1974 

Bono launched his own show, The Sonny Comedy Revue, in the fall of 1974, retaining the "Sonny and Cher" troupe of comedians and writers  Cher also announced plans to star in a new variety series of her own  Critics predicted that Bono would be the big winner with a solo comedy vehicle, and held little hope for Cher's more musical showcase  After only six weeks, however, Bono's show was abruptly canceled The Cher show debuted as an elaborate, all-star television special on February 16, 1975, featuring Flip Wilson, Bette Midler, and special guest Elton John  Cloris Leachman and Jack Albertson both won Emmy Awards for their appearances as guest-stars a few weeks later, and the series received four additional Emmy nominations that year  The first season ranked in the Top 25 of the year-end ratings 
As a result of the divorce, Sonny and Cher went their separate ways until Cher attended the opening of one of Bono's restaurants in something of a reconciliation  The Sonny & Cher Show returned in 1976, even though they were no longer married (the duo "reunited" with a humorous handshake)  After struggling with low ratings through 1977, Sonny and Cher finally parted ways for good  In 1976, Mego Toys also released a line of toys and dolls, in the likeness of Sonny & Cher  The release of these fashion dolls coincided with the popularity of The Sonny & Cher Show 

1978–1999: After Sonny and Cher
Sonny Bono went on to an acting career and later entered politics, eventually becoming a member of the U S  House of Representatives  Cher went on to become a Grammy Award-winning solo singer and an Academy Award-winning actress 
The couple made two surprise impromptu reunion performances: the first on The Mike Douglas Show in the spring of 1979, singing a medley of "United We Stand" and "Without You", and the second on November 13, 1987, on Late Night with David Letterman where they performed their hit song "I Got You Babe"; it turned out to be the last time the two would perform together In early 1999, And the Beat Goes On: The Sonny and Cher Story, directed by David Burton Morris and starring Jay Underwood and Renee Faia, was broadcast on ABC  The TV movie was based on the autobiography of Bono, and focuses on the relationship between the couple during the early 1960s to their divorce in the mid 1970s  This movie was also nominated for two Emmy Awards 

Bono's death, music copyright
On January 5, 1998, Bono died of injuries from hitting a tree while skiing at Heavenly Ski Resort in Lake Tahoe  He was 62 years old  Bono's death came just days after Michael Kennedy died in a similar accident  Bono's widow, Mary, was selected to fill the remainder of his congressional term, and was re-elected in her own right, serving until she was defeated for re-election in 2012  She continues to champion many of her late husband's causes, including the ongoing fight as how to best save the Salton Sea 
The funeral, unbeknownst to Cher, was broadcast live on CNN  She gave a tearful eulogy, after which the attendees sang the song "The Beat Goes On"  In front of millions, Cher tearfully and effusively praised Bono, calling him "the most unforgettable character I've ever met"  His final resting place is Desert Memorial Park in nearby Cathedral City, California, the same cemetery in which Frank Sinatra was laid to rest later that same year  The epitaph on Bono's headstone reads: "And The Beat Goes On" In 1998, Sonny and Cher received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame for Television  Cher appeared at the event with Mary Bono, who accepted the award on behalf of her late husband  Cher paid tribute to Bono in the CBS special Sonny and Me: Cher Remembers, calling her grief "something I never plan to get over"  During the same year, Cher also released her twenty-second album Believe that was highly influenced by Bono's death, and in the booklet Cher wrote "In memory of Son" When Cher and Bono divorced, they agreed to split revenue from the songs recorded together  When Bono died, one-third of his interest passed to wife Mary Bono, and one-sixth interests were split amongst his children  Cher sued UMG in 2009, claiming she and Bono's heirs were owed $5,000,000 in "hidden" royalties 

Legacy and achievements
Author Joseph Murrells described Sonny & Cher as "part of the leading exponents of the rock-folk-message type of song, a hybrid combining the beat and instrumentation of rock music with folk lyrics and often lyrics of protest "The Sonny & Cher Comedy Hour received numerous Emmy nominations; Director Art Fisher won for Outstanding Directing for a Variety Series in 1972  Cher won a Golden Globe Award for Best Actress – Television Series Musical or Comedy in 1974 Sonny and Cher received the following honors:

1966: Grammy nomination for Best New Artist
1972: Grammy nomination for Best Pop Duo/Group Performance
1998: Received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame
2015: Ranked No  18 on Rolling Stone's list of the 20 Greatest Duos of All Time

Filmography
Discography
Look at Us (1965)
The Wondrous World of Sonny & Chér (1966)
In Case You're in Love (1967)
All I Ever Need Is You (1972)
Mama Was a Rock and Roll Singer, Papa Used to Write All Her Songs (1974)

See also
Cher
Sonny Bono
Supercouple
List of number-one hits (United States)
List of artists who reached number one on the Billboard Hot 100

Notes
Passage 13:
Shakalaka Boom Boom
Shakalaka Boom Boom is a 2007 Indian musical drama film directed and produced by Suneel Darshan and written by Anurag Kashyap  The film stars Bobby Deol, Upen Patel, Celina Jaitly and Kangana Ranaut in the lead  It released on April 6, 2007 
Shakalaka Boom Boom is based on conflicts and the power game involved in the functioning of the music industry  The film is loosely based on the Academy Award winning film Amadeus  The film was partly shot in South Africa 

Plot
Shakalaka Boom Boom follows the tale of a jealous, selfish and greedy music artist, Ayan Joshi aka AJ (Bobby Deol)  AJ is one of the finest music artists in the industry and is currently under a stop since he can't think of a new project  AJ is in love with the hot and sexy Ruhi (Kangana Ranaut) and hopes to tell her how he feels  However, a wannabe singer, Reggie (Upen Patel) appears who falls in love with Ruhi and woos her before AJ can  
Therefore, AJ swears to destroy Reggie's career and hence comes into Reggie's life as his friend  Getting him drunk, getting him smoking, is all that AJ has been doing to Reggie, and Reggie even loses control and passes out  One day, AJ finds out all Reggie's secrets and gets him so drunk that he has liver-fail  While Reggie was in the state of dying, AJ takes all his music-notes and beats and flees from the place  Then Ruhi shows up and takes him to the hospital  He is placed into the operation section due to liver failure, and then Ruhi plans to destroy AJ's career just like he did to Reggie 
Though Ruhi does not know that AJ isn't alone, he also has his hidden agenda with Reggie's ex-girlfriend Sheena (Celina Jaitly) who is now a bigshot due to AJ  AJ and Sheena together publish Reggie's music as their own, and it goes onto becoming a big hit  At the music-signing, Ruhi gets her gun out, though it doesn't seem to work  She seems that's it, though Karma has a different plan in mind  Due to her gun not working, she leaves and as she leaves, a disco ball randomly falls on top of AJ's head  He is placed into the hospital, and the doctors declare him "deaf"  The ending shows him going to hell, and Reggie waking up to a better life, as he and Ruhi have now proved that the music is really his 

Cast
Bobby Deol as A J 
Upen Patel as Reggie
Celina Jaitly as Sheena
Kangana Ranaut as Ruhi
Asrani as Yogra
Dalip Tahil as Kumar
Anupam Kher as Reggie's Father
Govind Namdev as Guru
Vivek Vaswani as Vidyacharan Shukla
Seema Rahmani as Seema

Soundtrack
All songs  are composed by Himesh Reshammiya and lyrics are penned by Sameer 

Reception
Critical reception
Shakalaka Boom Boom attracted negative reviews from top critics of India  Mayank Shekhar of Hindustan Times rated the film with 1 out of 5 stars  Shakti Salgaokar of DNA gave movie a one and half stars and wrote in his review, "It's simple — sexual innuendo, potshots at popular films, bad mimicry, foreign locations, a generous dose of overacting, an item song and a gora villain  And as he magnificently presents the climax of the film  Spare us the comedy, please?" Nikhat Kazmi of Times of India said, "This one's definitely not for the fastidious, choosy viewer but for those who don't mind losing it for a bit, Shakalaka Boom Boom works like an average Bollywood musical  Performance-wise, it's one big circus with the guys hogging most of the limelight  The girls — Kangana and Celina — are mere confetti" and gave it 3 out of 5 stars  Taran Adarsh also gave it 3 out of 5 stars, saying "It's a well-crafted entertainer and lives up to the expectations of its target audience — the youth  At the box-office, its business at the multiplexes will help it generate good revenue, making it a profitable proposition for its investors "
Passage 14:
He Comes Up Smiling
He Comes Up Smiling is a 1918 American comedy film produced by and starring Douglas Fairbanks and directed by Allan Dwan 
This film was based on a novel of the same title by Charles Sherman, which was adapted into a 1914 play of the same name by Byron Ongley and Emil Nyitray  Fairbanks starred in the play with Patricia Collinge as the female lead  This film "survives incomplete" 

Plot
As described in a film magazine, the principal duty of bank clerk Jerry Martin is to care for the bank president's pet canary  The bird escapes and Jerry starts in pursuit  In a chase that takes him far afield, Jerry meets a hobo and decides to give up his bank job  Baron Bean (Montana), another hobo, becomes his valet, but they desert Jerry when he is taking a bath and steal his clothes  He finds a suit belonging to William Batchelor (MacQuarrie), a broker who is cooling off at a pool, and with the broker's business cards he passes himself off as Batchelor  He meets John Bartlett (Campeau) and his daughter Billie (Daw) and promptly falls in love  Her father is also a stock broker who has been nicked by Batchelor  An attempt is made to corner the market while Jerry is being entertained, but he foils the plotters, falls heir to a fortune, and wins the love of Billie 

Cast
Douglas Fairbanks as Jerry Martin
Marjorie Daw as Billie Bartlett
Herbert Standing as Mike
Frank Campeau as John Bartlett
Bull Montana as Baron Bean
Albert MacQuarrie as William Batchelor
Kathleen Kirkham as Louise
Jay Dwiggins as General
William Elmer
Robert Cain

Preservation
The surviving reels of He Comes Up Smiling were preserved by the Academy Film Archive in 2010 
Context 3: Passage 1:
Rodnowo
Rodnowo [rɔdˈnɔvɔ] (German: Reddenau) is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bartoszyce, within Bartoszyce County, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, in northern Poland, close to the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast of Russia  It lies approximately 11 kilometres (7 mi) west of Bartoszyce and 51 km (32 mi) north of the regional capital Olsztyn 
Passage 2:
Namibia
Namibia ( (listen), ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa  Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean  It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana to the east and South Africa to the south and east  Although it does not border Zimbabwe, less than 200 metres (660 feet) of the Botswanan right bank of the Zambezi River separates the two countries  Namibia gained independence from South Africa on 21 March 1990, following the Namibian War of Independence  Its capital and largest city is Windhoek  Namibia is a member state of the United Nations (UN), the Southern African Development Community (SADC), the African Union (AU) and the Commonwealth of Nations 
The driest country in sub-Saharan Africa, Namibia has been inhabited since pre-historic times by the San, Damara and Nama people  Around the 14th century, immigrating Bantu peoples arrived as part of the Bantu expansion  Since then, the Bantu groups, the largest being the Ovambo, have dominated the population of the country; since the late 19th century, they have constituted a majority  Today Namibia is one of the least densely populated countries in the world 
It has a population of 2 55 million people and is a stable multi-party parliamentary democracy  Agriculture, tourism and the mining industry – including mining for gem diamonds, uranium, gold, silver and base metals – form the basis of its economy, while the manufacturing sector is comparatively small 
In 1884, the German Empire established rule over most of the territory, forming a colony known as German South West Africa  Between 1904 and 1908, it perpetrated a genocide against the Herero and Nama people  German rule ended in 1915 with a defeat by South African forces  In 1920, after the end of World War I, the League of Nations mandated administration of the colony to South Africa  As mandatory power, South Africa imposed its laws, including racial classifications and rules  From 1948, with the National Party elected to power, this included South Africa applying apartheid to what was then known as South West Africa  In the later 20th century, uprisings and demands for political representation by native African political activists seeking independence resulted in the UN assuming direct responsibility over the territory in 1966, but the country of South Africa maintained de facto rule  In 1973, the UN recognised the South West Africa People's Organisation (SWAPO) as the official representative of the Namibian people  Following continued guerrilla warfare, Namibia obtained independence in 1990  However, Walvis Bay and the Penguin Islands remained under South African control until 1994 

History
Etymology
The name of the country is derived from the Namib desert, the oldest desert in the world  The name Namib itself is of Nama origin and means "vast place"  That word for the country was chosen by Mburumba Kerina, who originally proposed the name the "Republic of Namib"  Before its independence in 1990, the area was known first as German South-West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika), then as South West Africa, reflecting the colonial occupation by the Germans and South Africans 

Pre-colonial period
The dry lands of Namibia have been inhabited since prehistoric times by the San, Damara, and Nama  Around the 14th century, immigrating Bantu people began to arrive during the Bantu expansion from central Africa From the late 18th century onward, Oorlam people from Cape Colony crossed the Orange River and moved into the area that today is southern Namibia  Their encounters with the nomadic Nama tribes were largely peaceful  They received the missionaries accompanying the Oorlam very well, granting them the right to use waterholes and grazing against an annual payment  On their way further north, however, the Oorlam encountered clans of the OvaHerero at Windhoek, Gobabis, and Okahandja, who resisted their encroachment  The Nama-Herero War broke out in 1880, with hostilities ebbing only after the German Empire deployed troops to the contested places and cemented the status quo among the Nama, Oorlam, and Herero In 1878, the Cape of Good Hope, then a British colony, annexed the port of Walvis Bay and the offshore Penguin Islands; these became an integral part of the new Union of South Africa at its creation in 1910 
The first Europeans to disembark and explore the region were the Portuguese navigators Diogo Cão in 1485 and Bartolomeu Dias in 1486, but the Portuguese did not try to claim the area  Like most of the interior of Sub-Saharan Africa, Namibia was not extensively explored by Europeans until the 19th century  At that time traders and settlers came principally from Germany and Sweden  In 1870, Finnish missionaries came to the northern part of Namibia to spread the Lutheran religion among the Ovambo and Kavango people  In the late 19th century, Dorsland Trekkers crossed the area on their way from the Transvaal to Angola  Some of them settled in Namibia instead of continuing their journey 

German rule
Namibia became a German colony in 1884 under Otto von Bismarck to forestall perceived British encroachment and was known as German South West Africa (Deutsch-Südwestafrika)  The Palgrave Commission by the British governor in Cape Town determined that only the natural deep-water harbour of Walvis Bay was worth occupying and thus annexed it to the Cape province of British South Africa 
In 1897, a rinderpest epidemic caused massive cattle die-offs of an estimated 95% of cattle in southern & central Namibia  In response the German colonizers set up a veterinary cordon fence known as the Red Line  In 1907 this fence then broadly defined the boundaries for the first Police Zone From 1904 to 1907, the Herero and the Namaqua took up arms against brutal German colonialism  In a calculated punitive action by the German occupiers, government officials ordered the extinction of the natives in the OvaHerero and Namaqua genocide  In what has been called the "first genocide of the 20th century", the Germans systematically killed 10,000 Nama (half the population) and approximately 65,000 Herero (about 80% of the population)  The survivors, when finally released from detention, were subjected to a policy of dispossession, deportation, forced labour, racial segregation, and discrimination in a system that in many ways foreshadowed the apartheid established by South Africa in 1948 

Most Africans were confined to so-called native territories, which under South African rule after 1949 were turned into "homelands" (Bantustans)  Some historians have speculated that the German genocide in Namibia was a model for the Nazis in the Holocaust  The memory of genocide remains relevant to ethnic identity in independent Namibia and to relations with Germany  The German minister for aid development apologised for the Namibian genocide in 2004, however, the German government distanced itself from this apology 

South African mandate
During World War I, South African troops under General Louis Botha occupied the territory and deposed the German colonial administration  The end of the war and the Treaty of Versailles resulted in South West Africa remaining a possession of South Africa, at first as a League of Nations mandate, until 1990  The mandate system was formed as a compromise between those who advocated for an Allied annexation of former German and Ottoman territories and a proposition put forward by those who wished to grant them to an international trusteeship until they could govern themselves  It permitted the South African government to administer South West Africa until that territory's inhabitants were prepared for political self-determination  South Africa interpreted the mandate as a veiled annexation and made no attempt to prepare South West Africa for future autonomy 
As a result of the Conference on International Organization in 1945, the League of Nations was formally superseded by the United Nations (UN) and former League mandates by a trusteeship system  Article 77 of the United Nations Charter stated that UN trusteeship "shall apply   to territories now held under mandate"; furthermore, it would "be a matter of subsequent agreement as to which territories in the foregoing territories will be brought under the trusteeship system and under what terms"  The UN requested all former League of Nations mandates be surrendered to its Trusteeship Council in anticipation of their independence  South Africa declined to do so and instead requested permission from the UN to formally annex South West Africa, for which it received considerable criticism  When the UN General Assembly rejected this proposal, South Africa dismissed its opinion and began solidifying control of the territory  The UN Generally Assembly and Security Council responded by referring the issue to the International Court of Justice (ICJ), which held a number of discussions on the legality of South African rule between 1949 and 1966 

South Africa began imposing apartheid, its codified system of racial segregation and discrimination, on South West Africa during the late 1940s  Black South West Africans were subject to pass laws, curfews, and a host of residential regulations that restricted their movement  Development was concentrated in the southern region of the territory adjacent to South Africa, known as the "Police Zone", where most of the major settlements and commercial economic activity were located  Outside the Police Zone, indigenous peoples were restricted to theoretically self-governing tribal homelands 
During the late 1950s and early 1960s, the accelerated decolonisation of Africa and mounting pressure on the remaining colonial powers to grant their colonies self-determination resulted in the formation of nascent nationalist parties in South West Africa  Movements such as the South West African National Union (SWANU) and the South West African People's Organisation advocated for the formal termination of South Africa's mandate and independence for the territory  In 1966, following the ICJ's controversial ruling that it had no legal standing to consider the question of South African rule, SWAPO launched an armed insurgency that escalated into part of a wider regional conflict known as the South African Border War In 1971 Namibian contract workers led a general strike against the contract system and in support of independence  Some of the striking workers would later join SWAPO's PLAN as part of the South African Border War 

Independence
As SWAPO's insurgency intensified, South Africa's case for annexation in the international community continued to decline  The UN declared that South Africa had failed in its obligations to ensure the moral and material well-being of South West Africa's indigenous inhabitants, and had thus disavowed its own mandate  On 12 June 1968, the UN General Assembly adopted a resolution proclaiming that, in accordance with the desires of its people, South West Africa be renamed Namibia  United Nations Security Council Resolution 269, adopted in August 1969, declared South Africa's continued occupation of Namibia illegal  In recognition of this landmark decision, SWAPO's armed wing was renamed the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) Namibia became one of several flashpoints for Cold War proxy conflicts in southern Africa during the latter years of the PLAN insurgency  The insurgents sought out weapons and sent recruits to the Soviet Union for military training  As the PLAN war effort gained momentum, the Soviet Union and other sympathetic states such as Cuba continued to increase their support, deploying advisers to train the insurgents directly as well as supplying more weapons and ammunition  SWAPO's leadership, dependent on Soviet, Angolan, and Cuban military aid, positioned the movement firmly within the socialist bloc by 1975  This practical alliance reinforced the external perception of SWAPO as a Soviet proxy, which dominated Cold War rhetoric in South Africa and the United States  For its part, the Soviet Union supported SWAPO partly because it viewed South Africa as a regional Western ally 

Growing war weariness and the reduction of tensions between the superpowers compelled South Africa, Angola, and Cuba to accede to the Tripartite Accord, under pressure from both the Soviet Union and the United States  South Africa accepted Namibian independence in exchange for Cuban military withdrawal from the region and an Angolan commitment to cease all aid to PLAN  PLAN and South Africa adopted an informal ceasefire in August 1988, and a United Nations Transition Assistance Group (UNTAG) was formed to monitor the Namibian peace process and supervise the return of refugees  The ceasefire was broken after PLAN made a final incursion into the territory, possibly as a result of misunderstanding UNTAG's directives, in March 1989  A new ceasefire was later imposed with the condition that the insurgents were to be confined to their external bases in Angola until they could be disarmed and demobilised by UNTAG By the end of the 11-month transition period, the last South African troops had been withdrawn from Namibia, all political prisoners granted amnesty, racially discriminatory legislation repealed, and 42,000 Namibian refugees returned to their homes  Just over 97% of eligible voters participated in the country's first parliamentary elections held under a universal franchise  The United Nations plan included oversight by foreign election observers in an effort to ensure a free and fair election  SWAPO won a plurality of seats in the Constituent Assembly with 57% of the popular vote  This gave the party 41 seats, but not a two-thirds majority, which would have enabled it to draft the constitution on its own The Namibian Constitution was adopted in February 1990  It incorporated protection for human rights and compensation for state expropriations of private property and established an independent judiciary, legislature, and an executive presidency (the constituent assembly became the national assembly)  The country officially became independent on 21 March 1990  Sam Nujoma was sworn in as the first President of Namibia at a ceremony attended by Nelson Mandela of South Africa (who had been released from prison the previous month) and representatives from 147 countries, including 20 heads of state  In 1994, shortly before the first multiracial elections in South Africa, that country ceded Walvis Bay to Namibia 

After independence
Since independence Namibia has completed the transition from white minority apartheid rule to parliamentary democracy  Multiparty democracy was introduced and has been maintained, with local, regional and national elections held regularly  Several registered political parties are active and represented in the National Assembly, although the SWAPO has won every election since independence  The transition from the 15-year rule of President Nujoma to his successor Hifikepunye Pohamba in 2005 went smoothly Since independence, the Namibian government has promoted a policy of national reconciliation  It issued an amnesty for those who fought on either side during the liberation war  The civil war in Angola spilled over and adversely affected Namibians living in the north of the country  In 1998, Namibia Defence Force (NDF) troops were sent to the Democratic Republic of the Congo as part of a Southern African Development Community (SADC) contingent 
In 1999, the national government quashed a secessionist attempt in the northeastern Caprivi Strip  The Caprivi conflict was initiated by the Caprivi Liberation Army (CLA), a rebel group led by Mishake Muyongo  It wanted the Caprivi Strip to secede and form its own society 
In December 2014, Prime Minister Hage Geingob, the candidate of ruling SWAPO, won the presidential elections, taking 87% of the vote  His predecessor, President Hifikepunye Pohamba, also of SWAPO, had served the maximum two terms allowed by the constitution  In December 2019, President Hage Geingob was re-elected for a second term, taking 56 3% of the vote 

Geography
At 825,615 km2 (318,772 sq mi), Namibia is the world's thirty-fourth largest country (after Venezuela)  It lies mostly between latitudes 17° and 29°S (a small area is north of 17°), and longitudes 11° and 26°E 
Being situated between the Namib and the Kalahari deserts, Namibia has the least rainfall of any country in sub-Saharan Africa The Namibian landscape consists generally of five geographical areas, each with characteristic abiotic conditions and vegetation, with some variation within and overlap between them: the Central Plateau, the Namib, the Great Escarpment, the Bushveld, and the Kalahari Desert 
The Central Plateau runs from north to south, bordered by the Skeleton Coast to the northwest, the Namib Desert and its coastal plains to the southwest, the Orange River to the south, and the Kalahari Desert to the east  The Central Plateau is home to the highest point in Namibia at Königstein elevation 2,606 metres (8,550 ft) The Namib is a broad expanse of hyper-arid gravel plains and dunes that stretches along Namibia's entire coastline  It varies between 100 and 200 kilometres (60 and 120 mi) in width  Areas within the Namib include the Skeleton Coast and the Kaokoveld in the north and the extensive Namib Sand Sea along the central coast The Great Escarpment swiftly rises to over 2,000 metres (7,000 ft)  Average temperatures and temperature ranges increase further inland from the cold Atlantic waters, while the lingering coastal fogs slowly diminish  Although the area is rocky with poorly developed soils, it is significantly more productive than the Namib Desert  As summer winds are forced over the Escarpment, moisture is extracted as precipitation The Bushveld is found in north-eastern Namibia along the Angolan border and in the Caprivi Strip  The area receives a significantly greater amount of precipitation than the rest of the country, averaging around 400 mm (16 in) per year  The area is generally flat and the soils sandy, limiting their ability to retain water and support agriculture The Kalahari Desert, an arid region that extends into South Africa and Botswana, is one of Namibia's well-known geographical features  The Kalahari, while popularly known as a desert, has a variety of localised environments, including some verdant and technically non-desert areas  The Succulent Karoo is home to over 5,000 species of plants, nearly half of them endemic; approximately 10 percent of the world's succulents are found in the Karoo  The reason behind this high productivity and endemism may be the relatively stable nature of precipitation Namibia's Coastal Desert is one of the oldest deserts in the world  Its sand dunes, created by the strong onshore winds, are the highest in the world  Because of the location of the shoreline, at the point where the Atlantic's cold water reaches Africa's hot climate, often extremely dense fog forms along the coast  Near the coast there are areas where the dune-hummocks are vegetated  Namibia has rich coastal and marine resources that remain largely unexplored 

The Caprivi Strip extends east from the northeastern corner of the country 

Climate
Namibia extends from 17°S to 25°S latitude: climatically the range of the sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt  Its overall climate description is arid, descending from the Sub-Humid [mean rain above 500 mm (20 in)] through Semi-Arid [between 300 and 500 mm (12 and 20 in)] (embracing most of the waterless Kalahari) and Arid [from 150 to 300 mm (6 to 12 in)] (these three regions are inland from the western escarpment) to the Hyper-Arid coastal plain [less than 100 mm (4 in)]  Temperature maxima are limited by the overall elevation of the entire region: only in the far south, Warmbad for instance, are maxima above 40 °C (104 °F) recorded Typically the sub-Tropical High Pressure Belt, with frequent clear skies, provides more than 300 days of sunshine per year  It is situated at the southern edge of the tropics; the Tropic of Capricorn cuts the country about in half  The winter (June – August) is generally dry  Both rainy seasons occur in summer: the small rainy season between September and November, the big one between February and April  Humidity is low, and average rainfall varies from almost zero in the coastal desert to more than 600 mm (24 in) in the Caprivi Strip  Rainfall is highly variable, and droughts are common  In the summer of 2006/07 the rainfall was recorded far below the annual average  In May 2019, Namibia declared a state of emergency in response to the drought, and extended it by additional 6 months in October 2019 Weather and climate in the coastal area are dominated by the cold, north-flowing Benguela Current of the Atlantic Ocean, which accounts for very low precipitation (50 mm (2 in) per year or less), frequent dense fog, and overall lower temperatures than in the rest of the country  In Winter, occasionally a condition known as Bergwind (German for "mountain wind") or Oosweer (Afrikaans for "east weather") occurs, a hot dry wind blowing from the inland to the coast  As the area behind the coast is a desert, these winds can develop into sand storms, leaving sand deposits in the Atlantic Ocean that are visible on satellite images The Central Plateau and Kalahari areas have wide diurnal temperature ranges of up to 30C (54F) Efundja, the annual seasonal flooding of the northern parts of the country, often causes not only damage to infrastructure but loss of life  The rains that cause these floods originate in Angola, flow into Namibia's Cuvelai-Etosha Basin, and fill the oshanas (Oshiwambo: flood plains) there  The worst floods so far occurred in March 2011 and displaced 21,000 people 

Water sources
Namibia is the driest country in sub-Saharan Africa and depends largely on groundwater  With an average rainfall of about 350 mm (14 in) per annum, the highest rainfall occurs in the Caprivi Strip in the northeast (about 600 mm (24 in) per annum) and decreases in a westerly and southwesterly direction to as little as 50 mm (2 in) and less per annum at the coast  The only perennial rivers are found on the national borders with South Africa, Angola, Zambia, and the short border with Botswana in the Caprivi Strip  In the interior of the country, surface water is available only in the summer months when rivers are in flood after exceptional rainfalls  Otherwise, surface water is restricted to a few large storage dams retaining and damming up these seasonal floods and their run-off  Where people do not live near perennial rivers or make use of the storage dams, they are dependent on groundwater  Even isolated communities and those economic activities located far from good surface water sources, such as mining, agriculture, and tourism, can be supplied from groundwater over nearly 80% of the country More than 100,000 boreholes have been drilled in Namibia over the past century  One third of these boreholes have been drilled dry  An aquifer called Ohangwena II, on both sides of the Angola-Namibia border, was discovered in 2012  It has been estimated to be capable of supplying a population of 800,000 people in the North for 400 years, at the current (2018) rate of consumption  Experts estimate that Namibia has 7,720 km3 (1,850 cu mi) of underground water According to African Folder, a sewage-to-water treatment project in Namibia not only provides citizens with safe drinking water but also boosts productivity by 6% per year  All pollutants and impurities are removed using cutting-edge "multi-barrier" technology, which includes residual chlorination, ozone treatment, and ultra membrane filtration  Strict bio-monitoring methods are also used throughout the process to ensure high-quality, safe drinking water 

Communal Wildlife Conservancies
Namibia is one of few countries in the world to specifically address conservation and protection of natural resources in its constitution  Article 95 states, "The State shall actively promote and maintain the welfare of the people by adopting international policies aimed at the following: maintenance of ecosystems, essential ecological processes, and biological diversity of Namibia, and utilisation of living natural resources on a sustainable basis for the benefit of all Namibians, both present and future "In 1993, Namibia's newly formed government received funding from the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) through its Living in a Finite Environment (LIFE) Project  The Ministry of Environment and Tourism, with financial support from organisations such as USAID, Endangered Wildlife Trust, WWF, and Canadian Ambassador's Fund, together form a Community-Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) support structure  The project's main goal is to promote sustainable natural resource management by giving local communities rights to wildlife management and tourism 

Government and politics
Namibia is a unitary semi-presidential representative democratic republic  The President of Namibia is elected to a five-year term and is both the head of state and the head of government  All members of the government are individually and collectively responsible to the legislature The Constitution of Namibia outlines the following as the organs of the country's government:
Executive: executive power is exercised by the President and the Government 
Legislature: Namibia has a bicameral Parliament with the National Assembly as lower house, and the National Council as the upper house 
Judiciary: Namibia has a system of courts that interpret and apply the law in the name of the state While the constitution envisaged a multi-party system for Namibia's government, the SWAPO party has been dominant since independence in 1990 

Foreign relations
Namibia has a largely independent foreign policy, with persisting affiliations with states that aided the independence struggle, including Cuba  With a small army and a fragile economy, the Namibian government's principal foreign policy concern is developing strengthened ties within the Southern African region  A dynamic member of the Southern African Development Community, Namibia is a vocal advocate for greater regional integration  It became the 160th member of the UN on 23 April 1990  On its independence it became the 50th member of the Commonwealth of Nations 

Military
In early 2020, The Global Firepower Index (GFP) reported that Namibia's military is ranked as one of the weakest in the world, at 126th out of 137 countries  Among 34 African countries, Namibia is also poorly ranked at the 28th position  Despite this, government spending for the Ministry of Defence stood at N$5,885 million (a 1 2% decrease from the previous financial year)  With close to 6 billion Namibian dollars (US$411 million in 2021) the Ministry of Defence receives the fourth highest amount of money from Government per ministry 
Namibia does not have any enemies in the region, though it has been involved in various disputes regarding borders and construction plans The Namibian constitution defines the role of the military as "defending the territory and national interests " Namibia formed the Namibian Defence Force (NDF), comprising former enemies in a 23-year bush war: the People's Liberation Army of Namibia (PLAN) and South West African Territorial Force (SWATF)  The British formulated the plan for integrating these forces and began training the NDF, which consists of a small headquarters and five battalions 
The United Nations Transitional Assistance Group (UNTAG)'s Kenyan infantry battalion remained in Namibia for three months after independence to help train the NDF and to stabilise the north  According to the Namibian Defence Ministry, enlistments of both men and women will number no more than 7,500 
The chief of the Namibian Defence Force is Air Vice Marshal Martin Kambulu Pinehas (with effect from 1 April 2020) 
In 2017, Namibia signed the UN treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons 

Administrative divisions
Namibia is divided into 14 regions which are subdivided into 121 constituencies  The administrative division of Namibia is tabled by Delimitation Commissions and accepted or declined by the National Assembly  Since state foundation four Delimitation Commissions have delivered their work, the last one in 2013 under the chairmanship of Judge Alfred Siboleka Regional councillors are directly elected through secret ballots (regional elections) by the inhabitants of their constituencies Local authorities in Namibia can be in the form of municipalities (either Part 1 or Part 2 municipalities), town councils or villages 

Human rights
Namibia is one of the most free and democratic countries in Africa, with a government that maintains and protects basic human rights and freedoms  However, significant issues include government corruption and prison overcrowding  Also, refugees are not permitted free movement The law is not enforced, but homosexual acts are illegal in Namibia  Discrimination, as well as intolerance, against LGBT people is widespread  Some Namibian government officials and high-profile figures, such as Namibia's Ombudsman John Walters and First Lady Monica Geingos, have called for sodomy and homosexuality to be decriminalised and are in favour of LGBT rights In November 2018, it was reported that 32% of women aged 15–49 experienced violence and domestic abuse from their spouses/partners and 29 5% of men believe that physical abuse towards their wife/partner is acceptable  The Namibian constitution guarantees the rights, freedoms and equal treatment of women in Namibia and SWAPO, the ruling party in Namibia, has adopted a "zebra system", which ensures a fair balance of both genders in government and equal representation of women in the Namibian government 

Economy
Namibia's economy is tied closely to South Africa's due to their shared history  The largest economic sectors are mining (10 4% of the gross domestic product in 2009), agriculture (5 0%), manufacturing (13 5%), and tourism (14 5%) Namibia has a highly developed banking sector with modern infrastructures, such as online banking and cellphone banking  The Bank of Namibia (BoN) is the central bank of Namibia responsible for performing all other functions ordinarily performed by a central bank  There are five BoN authorised commercial banks in Namibia: Bank Windhoek, First National Bank, Nedbank, Standard Bank and Small and Medium Enterprises Bank  Namibia's economy is characterised by a divide between the formal and the informal economies, which is in part aggravated by the legacy of apartheid spatial planning According to the Namibia Labour Force Survey Report 2012, conducted by the Namibia Statistics Agency, the country's unemployment rate is 27 4%  "Strict unemployment" (people actively seeking a full-time job) stood at 20 2% in 2000, 21 9% in 2004 and spiralled to 29 4% in 2008  Under a broader definition (including people who have given up searching for employment) unemployment rose to 36 7% in 2004  This estimate considers people in the informal economy as employed  Labour and Social Welfare Minister Immanuel Ngatjizeko praised the 2008 study as "by far superior in scope and quality to any that has been available previously", but its methodology has also received criticism In 2004 a labour act was passed to protect people from job discrimination stemming from pregnancy and HIV/AIDS status  In early 2010 the Government tender board announced that "henceforth 100 per cent of all unskilled and semi-skilled labour must be sourced, without exception, from within Namibia" In 2013, global business and financial news provider, Bloomberg, named Namibia the top emerging market economy in Africa and the 13th best in the world  Only four African countries made the Top 20 Emerging Markets list in the March 2013 issue of Bloomberg Markets magazine, and Namibia was rated ahead of Morocco (19th), South Africa (15th), and Zambia (14th)  Worldwide, Namibia also fared better than Hungary, Brazil, and Mexico  Bloomberg Markets magazine ranked the top 20 based on more than a dozen criteria  The data came from Bloomberg's own financial-market statistics, IMF forecasts and the World Bank  The countries were also rated on areas of particular interest to foreign investors: the ease of doing business, the perceived level of corruption and economic freedom  To attract foreign investment, the government has made improvement in reducing red tape resulted from excessive government regulations, making Namibia one of the least bureaucratic places to do business in the region  Facilitation payments are occasionally demanded by customs due to cumbersome and costly customs procedures  Namibia is also classified as an Upper Middle Income country by the World Bank, and ranks 87th out of 185 economies in terms of ease of doing business The cost of living in Namibia is relatively high because most goods, including cereals, need to be imported  Its capital city, Windhoek, is the 150th most expensive place in the world for expatriates to live Taxation in Namibia includes personal income tax, which is applicable to the total taxable income of an individual  All individuals are taxed at progressive marginal rates over a series of income brackets  The value-added tax (VAT) is applicable to most of the commodities and services 

Despite the remote nature of much of the country, Namibia has seaports, airports, highways, and railways (narrow-gauge)  It seeks to become a regional transportation hub; it has an important seaport and several landlocked neighbours  The Central Plateau already serves as a transportation corridor from the more densely populated north to South Africa, the source of four-fifths of Namibia's imports 

Agriculture
About half of the population depends on agriculture (largely subsistence agriculture) for its livelihood, but Namibia must still import some of its food  Although per capita GDP is five times the per capita GDP of Africa's poorest countries, the majority of Namibia's people live in rural areas and have a subsistence way of life  Namibia has one of the highest rates of income inequality in the world, due in part to the fact that there is an urban economy and a more rural cashless economy  The inequality figures thus take into account people who do not actually rely on the formal economy for their survival  Although arable land accounts for <1% of Namibia, (about  97%), nearly half of the population is employed in agriculture About 4,000 commercial farmers own almost half of Namibia's arable land   The United Kingdom offered about $180,000 in 2004 to help finance Namibia's land reform process, as Namibia plans to start expropriating land from white farmers to resettle landless black Namibians  Germany has offered €1 1bn in 2021 over 30 years in reparations for the genocides in the early 20th century but the money will go towards infrastructure, healthcare and training programmes not land reform An agreement has been reached on the privatisation of several more enterprises in coming years, with hopes that this will stimulate much needed foreign investment, but reinvestment of environmentally derived capital has hobbled Namibian per capita income  One of the fastest growing areas of economic development in Namibia is the growth of wildlife conservancies  These are particularly important to the rural, generally unemployed, population 

Mining and electricity
Providing 25% of Namibia's revenue, mining is the single most important contributor to the economy  Namibia is the fourth largest exporter of non-fuel minerals in Africa and was the world's fourth largest producer of uranium  There have been significant investment in uranium mining and Namibia planned to become the largest exporter of uranium by 2015  However, as of 2019 Namibia continued to produce 750 tons of uranium annually making it a smaller than average exporter in the competitive world market   Rich alluvial diamond deposits make Namibia a primary source for gem-quality diamonds  While Namibia is known predominantly for its gem diamond and uranium deposits, a number of other minerals are extracted industrially such as lead, tungsten, gold, tin, fluorspar, manganese, marble, copper and zinc  There are offshore gas deposits in the Atlantic Ocean that are planned to be extracted in the future  According to "The Diamond Investigation", a book about the global diamond market, from 1978, De Beers, the largest diamond company, bought most of the Namibian diamonds, and would continue to do so, because "whatever government eventually comes to power they will need this revenue to survive" Domestic supply voltage is 220 V AC  Electricity is generated mainly by thermal and hydroelectric power plants  Non-conventional methods of electricity generation also play some role  Encouraged by the rich uranium deposits, in 2010 the Namibian government planned to erect its first nuclear power station by 2018  Uranium enrichment was also envisaged to take place locally 

Diamonds
Although much of the world's diamond supply comes from what have been called African blood diamonds, Namibia has managed to develop a diamond mining industry largely free of the kinds of conflict, extortion, and murder that have plagued many other African nations with diamond mines  This has been attributed to political dynamics, economic institutions, grievances, political geography, and the effects of neighbourhoods, and is the result of a joint agreement between the government and De Beers that has led to a taxable base, strengthening state institutions 

Oil and natural gas
Estimates updated in 2022 suggest that two exploration wells in the offshore Orange Basin could hold 2 and 3 billion barrels of oil, respectively  The expected revenue could transform Namibia's domestic economy and facilitate sustainable development goals 

Tourism
Tourism is a major contributor (14 5%) to Namibia's GDP, creating tens of thousands of jobs (18 2% of all employment) directly or indirectly and servicing over a million tourists per year  The country is a prime destination in Africa and is known for ecotourism, which features Namibia's extensive wildlife There are many lodges and reserves to accommodate ecotourists  Sport and trophy hunting is also a large and growing component of the Namibian economy, accounting for 14% of total tourism in the year 2000, or 19 6 million U S  dollars, with Namibia boasting numerous species sought after by international sport hunters In addition, extreme sports such as sandboarding, skydiving and 4x4ing have become popular, and many cities have companies that provide tours  The most visited places include the capital city of Windhoek, Caprivi Strip, Fish River Canyon, Sossusvlei, the Skeleton Coast Park, Sesriem, Etosha Pan and the coastal towns of Swakopmund, Walvis Bay and Lüderitz Windhoek plays a very important role in Namibia's tourism due to its central location and close proximity to Hosea Kutako International Airport  According to The Namibia Tourism Exit Survey, which was produced by the Millennium Challenge Corporation for the Namibian Directorate of Tourism, 56% of all tourists visiting Namibia in 2012–13 visited Windhoek  Many of Namibia's tourism related parastatals and governing bodies such as Namibia Wildlife Resorts and the Namibia Tourism Board as well as Namibia's tourism-related trade associations such as the Hospitality Association of Namibia are headquartered in Windhoek  There are also a number of notable hotels in Windhoek, such as Windhoek Country Club Resort, and some international hotel chains, such as Hilton Hotels and Resorts 
Namibia's primary tourism related governing body, the Namibia Tourism Board (NTB), was established by an Act of Parliament: the Namibia Tourism Board Act, 2000 (Act 21 of 2000)  Its primary objectives are to regulate the tourism industry and to market Namibia as a tourist destination  There are also a number of trade associations that represent the tourism sector in Namibia, such as the Federation of Namibia Tourism Associations (the umbrella body for all tourism associations in Namibia), the Hospitality Association of Namibia, the Association of Namibian Travel Agents, Car Rental Association of Namibia and the Tour and Safari Association of Namibia 

Water supply and sanitation
The only bulk water supplier in Namibia is NamWater, which sells it to the respective municipalities which in turn deliver it through their reticulation networks  In rural areas, the Directorate of Rural Water Supply in the Ministry of Agriculture, Water and Forestry is in charge of drinking water supply The UN evaluated in 2011 that Namibia has improved its water access network significantly since independence in 1990  A large part of the population can not, however, make use of these resources due to the prohibitively high consumption cost and the long distance between residences and water points in rural areas  As a result, many Namibians prefer the traditional wells over the available water points far away Compared to the efforts made to improve access to safe water, Namibia is lagging behind in the provision of adequate sanitation  This includes 298 schools that have no toilet facilities  Over 50% of child deaths are related to lack of water, sanitation, or hygiene; 23% are due to diarrhoea alone  The UN has identified a "sanitation crisis" in the country Apart from residences for upper and middle class households, sanitation is insufficient in most residential areas  Private flush toilets are too expensive for virtually all residents in townships due to their water consumption and installation cost  As a result, access to improved sanitation has not increased much since independence: in Namibia's rural areas 13% of the population had more than basic sanitation, up from 8% in 1990  Many of Namibia's inhabitants have to resort to "flying toilets", plastic bags to defecate into, which after use are flung into the bush  The use of open areas close to residential land for urination and defecation is very common and has been identified as a major health hazard



ground_truth: Maria Bello

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: The Live Life Loud album's band signed to which label?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Every Light in the House
"Every Light in the House" is a song written by Kent Robbins and recorded by American country music artist Trace Adkins  It was released in August 1996 as the second single from his debut album Dreamin' Out Loud  It was his first Top 5 single on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks (now Hot Country Songs) chart, where it peaked at #3 

Content
The song is a mid-tempo ballad mostly accompanied by piano and fiddle in which the narrator has recently split from his wife  He turns every light on in the house and keeps them on for her in case she wants to return to his side 

Critical reception
Deborah Evans Price, of Billboard magazine reviewed the song favorably, saying that "Adkins' deep, powerful voice does justice to the yearning in this lyric about a man who has left the lights on waiting for his lover to return " Rick Cohoon of AllMusic gave the song a favorable review, calling it a "creative approach to the age-old 'goodbye, I miss you' song " He commended Adkins' voice for "communicat[ing] pain so well" despite the singer's stature, although he considered some of the similes forced (e g  "the backyard's bright as the crack of dawn") 

Music video
The music video for this song is in black-and-white, and begins with Adkins sitting on the porch of a house with his dog after his woman left home  He then gets off the porch, and he and some workers get to work on a power generator  Scenes also feature him singing inside of the same house which also featured an alternative sub chorus "Drinkin' Bush Light til the crack of dawn" whilst a slew of empty Busch cans can be seen next to the generator, ultimately this scene and lyric was scrubbed and the original was used 

Chart performance
"Every Light in the House" debuted at number 72 on the Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart dated August 24, 1996  It charted for 21 weeks on that chart, and peaked at number 3 on the country chart dated December 14, 1996, giving Adkins the first Top 5 single of his career  In addition, it peaked at number 78 on the Billboard Hot 100, also marking his first entry on that chart 

Certifications
Parodies
On his 1998 album Did I Shave My Back for This?, country parodist Cledus T  Judd parodied the song as "Every Light in the House Is Blown"   Trace Adkins is featured in the music video when the song begins and after it ends 
Passage 2:
The Call (Mal Waldron album)
The Call is an album by American jazz pianist Mal Waldron recorded in 1971 and released on the JAPO label  The album was the first release on the short-lived European jazz label  It is Waldron's only album as a bandleader to feature him playing the electric piano 

Reception
AllMusic awarded the album 3 stars  It was included as one of the 640 albums covered in the 2013 Japanese book Obscure Sound, written by Chee Shimizu  Shimizu praised the album for its "funky psychedelic groove" and interplay between Waldron's electric piano and Jimmy Jackson's organ 

Track listing
All compositions by Mal Waldron"The Call" — 18:53
"Thoughts" — 21:50Recorded at Tonstudio Bauer in Ludwigsburg, West Germany on February 1, 1971 

Personnel
Mal Waldron — electric piano
Jimmy Jackson — organ
Eberhard Weber — electric bass
Fred Braceful — drums, percussion
Passage 3:
Duo Live in Concert
Duo Live in Concert is a live album by pianist Kenny Drew and bassist Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen recorded in the Netherlands in 1974 and released on the SteepleChase label 

Reception
The Allmusic review awarded the album 3 stars 

Track listing
"In Your Own Sweet Way" (Dave Brubeck) - 9:44
"My Little Suede Shoes" (Charlie Parker) - 5:26
"You Don't Know What Love Is" (Gene DePaul, Don Raye) - 6:15 Bonus track on CD
"My Shining Hour" (Harold Arlen, Johnny Mercer) - 8:45
"Viking's Blues" (Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen) - 5:50
"Oleo" (Sonny Rollins) - 0:36 Bonus track on CD
"Do You Know What It Means to Miss New Orleans?" (Louis Alter, Eddie DeLange) - 6:35 Bonus track on CD
"Serenity" (Kenny Drew) - 4:27
"All Blues" (Miles Davis) - 6:04 Bonus track on CD
"Trubbel" (Olle Adolphson) - 5:00
"There Is No Greater Love" (Isham Jones, Marty Symes) - 9:21
"Oleo" (Rollins) - 2:14

Personnel
Kenny Drew - piano
Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen - bass
Passage 4:
Live at Memory Lane
Live at Memory Lane is a live album by jazz cornetist Nat Adderley released on the Atlantic label featuring performances by Adderley's Quintet with Joe Henderson, Joe Zawinul, Victor Gaskin, and Roy McCurdy 

Reception
The Allmusic review awarded the album 2½ stars 

Track listing
All compositions by Nat Adderley except as indicated"On My Journey Now" - 4:49
"Fun" - 6:40
"In the Good Old Summertime" (George Evans, Ren Shields) - 9:49
"Lavender Woman" (Joe Zawinul) - 8:16
"Painted Desert" (Zawinul) - 8:48
"Theme" (Adderley, Zawinul) - 4:49Recorded at Memory Lane, San Francisco, CA on October 31, 1966

Personnel
Nat Adderley – cornet
Joe Henderson (tracks 2-6) - tenor saxophone
Joe Zawinul  - piano
Victor Gaskin - bass
Roy McCurdy - drums
Passage 5:
Sony Music
Sony Music Entertainment (SME), simply known as Sony Music, is an American multinational music company owned by Sony Entertainment and managed by the American umbrella division of multinational conglomerate Sony  It is the recording division half of the Sony Music Group, with the other half being the publishing division, Sony Music Publishing Founded in 1929 as American Record Corporation, it was acquired by the Columbia Broadcasting System in 1938 and renamed Columbia Recording Corporation  In 1966, the company was reorganized to become CBS Records  Sony bought the company in 1991 and renamed it to its current name  In 2004, Sony and Bertelsmann established a 50-50 joint venture known as Sony BMG to handle the operations of Sony Music and Bertelsmann Music Group (BMG), but Sony bought out Bertelsmann's stake 4 years later and reverted to using the 1991 company name  This buyout led to labels formerly under BMG ownership, including Arista, Jive, LaFace and J Records into former BMG and currently Sony's co-flagship record label, RCA Records, in 2011 and led to the relaunch of BMG as BMG Rights Management  Arista Records would later be revived in 2018 
On July 17, 2019, Sony announced a merger of Sony Music Entertainment and music publishing arm Sony/ATV to form the Sony Music Group  The merger was completed on August 1, 2019 As of 2023, Sony Music Entertainment is the second largest of the "Big Three" record companies, behind Universal Music Group and followed by Warner Music Group  Its music publishing division Sony Music Publishing (formerly Sony/ATV) is the largest music publisher in the world 

History
1929–1938: American Record Corporation
The American Record Corporation (ARC) was founded in 1929 through a merger of several record companies  The company grew for the next several years, acquiring other brands such as the Columbia Phonograph Company, including its Okeh Records subsidiary, in 1934 

1938–1970: Columbia/CBS Records
In 1938, ARC was acquired by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) under the guidance of chief executive William S  Paley  The company was later renamed Columbia Recording Corporation, and changed again to Columbia Records Inc  in 1947  Edward Wallerstein, who served as the head of Columbia Records since the late 1930s, helped establish the company as a leader in the record industry by spearheading the successful introduction of the LP record  Columbia's success continued through the 1950s with the launch of Epic Records in 1953 and Date Records in 1958  By 1962, the Columbia Records productions unit was operating four plants around the United States located in Los Angeles, California; Terre Haute, Indiana; Bridgeport, Connecticut; and Pitman, New Jersey Columbia's international arm was launched in 1962 under the name "CBS Records", as the company only owned the rights to the Columbia name in North America  In 1964, the company began acquiring record companies in other countries for its CBS Records International unit and established its own UK distribution outfit with the acquisition of Oriole Records By 1966, Columbia was renamed as CBS Records and was a separate unit of the parent company, CBS-Columbia Group  In March 1968, CBS and Sony formed CBS/Sony Records, a Japanese business joint venture 

1971–1991: CBS Records Group
In 1971, CBS Records was expanded into its own "CBS Records Group", with Clive Davis as its administrative vice president and general manager  In the 1980s to the early 1990s, the company managed several successful labels, including CBS Associated Records, which signed artists including Ozzy Osbourne, the Fabulous Thunderbirds, Electric Light Orchestra, Joan Jett, and Henry Lee Summer  In 1983, CBS expanded its music publishing business by acquiring the music publishing arm of MGM/UA Communications Co  (CBS later sold the print music arm to Columbia Pictures ) By 1987, CBS was the only "big three" American TV network to have a co-owned record company  With Sony being one of the developers behind the compact disc digital music media, a compact disc production plant was constructed in Japan under the joint venture, allowing CBS to begin supplying some of the first compact disc releases for the American market in 1983 In 1986, CBS sold its music publishing division, CBS Songs, to SBK Entertainment On November 17, 1987, Sony acquired CBS Records for US$2 billion  CBS Inc , now Paramount Global, retained the rights to the CBS name for music recordings but granted Sony a temporary license to use the CBS name  The sale was completed on January 5, 1988  CBS Corporation founded a new CBS Records in 2006, which was distributed by Sony through its RED subsidiary In 1989, CBS Records re-entered the music publishing business by acquiring Nashville-based Tree International Publishing 

1991–2004: Birth of Sony Music Entertainment
Sony renamed the record company Sony Music Entertainment (SME) on January 1, 1991, fulfilling the terms set under the 1988 buyout, which granted only a transitional license to the CBS trademark  The CBS Associated label was renamed Epic Associated  Also on January 1, 1991, to replace the CBS label, Sony reintroduced the Columbia label worldwide, which it previously held in the United States and Canada only, after it acquired the international rights to the trademark from EMI in 1990  Japan is the only country where Sony does not have rights to the Columbia name as it is controlled by Nippon Columbia, an unrelated company  Thus, Sony Music Entertainment Japan issues labels under Sony Records  The Columbia Records trademark's rightsholder in Spain was Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany, which Sony Music subsequently subsumed via a 2004 merger, and a subsequent 2008 buyout In 1995, Sony and Michael Jackson formed a joint venture which merged Sony's music publishing operations with Jackson's ATV Music to form Sony/ATV Music Publishing 

2004–2008: Sony BMG: Joint venture with Bertelsmann
In August 2004, Sony entered a joint venture with an equal partner Bertelsmann, by merging Sony Music and Bertelsmann Music Group, Germany, to establish Sony BMG Music Entertainment  However Sony continued to operate its Japanese music business independently from Sony BMG while BMG Japan was made part of the merger The merger made Columbia and Epic sister labels to RCA Records, which was once owned by CBS rival, NBC  It also started the process of bringing BMG's Arista Records back under common ownership with its former parent Columbia Pictures, a Sony division since 1989, and also brought Arista founder Clive Davis back into the fold  As of 2017, Davis was still with Sony Music as a chief creative officer 

2008–present: Sony Music revival, restructuring and recent developments
On August 5, 2008, Sony Corporation of America (SCA) and Bertelsmann announced that Sony had agreed to acquire Bertelsmann's 50% stake in Sony BMG  The company completed the acquisition on October 1, 2008  On July 1, 2009, SME and IODA announced a strategic partnership to leverage worldwide online retail distribution networks and complementary technologies to support independent labels and music rights holders  In March 2010, Sony Corp partnered with The Michael Jackson Company in a contract of more than $250 million, the largest deal in recorded music history From 2009 to 2020, Sony owned 50% of Syco Entertainment, which operates some of the world's most successful reality TV formats, including Got Talent and The X Factor with Simon Cowell  Cowell acquired Sony's stake in 2020 Doug Morris, who was head of Warner Music Group, and later Universal Music, became chairman and CEO of Sony Music Entertainment on July 1, 2011  Sony Music underwent restructuring upon Morris' arrival; with some artists switching labels while other labels were eliminated altogether In June 2012, a consortium led by Sony/ATV acquired EMI Music Publishing, making Sony/ATV the world's largest music publisher at the time  This acquisition also reunited the common ownership of pre-1986 CBS Songs (as SBK Songs) catalog to Sony/ATV 
Rob Stringer became CEO of Sony Music Entertainment on April 1, 2017  He previously served as chairman and CEO of Columbia Records Sony has experienced a number of changes with its international labels  In February 2012, Sony Music reportedly closed its Filipino office due to piracy, and Ivory Music and Video had been handling distribution for its catalog a few months earlier in July 2011  In early 2018, their distribution deal with Ivory expired and SME resumed its  operations in the Philippines, with the new offices still located in Ortigas Center, Pasig  In July 2013, Sony Music withdrew from the Greek market due to an economic crisis  Albums released by Sony Music in Greece from domestic and foreign artists would then be carried by Feelgood Records In June 2017, Sony announced that by March 2018 it would be producing vinyl records in-house for the first time since ceasing its production in 1989  Reporting the decision, the BBC noted that, "Sony's move comes a few months after it equipped its Tokyo studio with a cutting lathe, used to produce the master discs needed for manufacturing vinyl records" but added that "Sony is even struggling to find older engineers who know how to make records" On February 5, 2019, a group of 1970s-era musicians including David Johansen and John Waite filed lawsuits accusing Sony Music Entertainment and UMG Recordings, Inc  of improperly refusing to let them reclaim the rights to songs they had signed away earlier in their careers  The lawsuit cites U S  copyright law, which gives artists who formerly bargained away their rights on unfavorable terms a chance to reclaim those rights by filing termination notices after 35 years  The plaintiffs claim that Sony and UMG have "routinely and systematically" ignored hundreds of notices, having taken the position that recordings are "works made for hire" and are therefore not subject to being reclaimed In April 2021, the Brazilian media company Grupo Globo sold its domestic record label Som Livre to Sony Music for an undisclosed amount  It was approved by the Administrative Council for Economic Defense on November 4, 2021 
In 2022, Sony Music Entertainment acquired boutique branding and merchandising agency, Ceremony of Roses(CoR)  The newly acquired company would merge with Sony's existing merch division and continue under the CoR banner  The merger brought together artists like Adele, A$AP Rocky, and Lil Nas X under one merchandising house  According to Sony, the move will help expand their merchandising team and take artists' merch to the next level In January 2023, Sony Music and Alamo Records founder Todd Moscowitz launched Santa Anna, an artist and label services company 

Sony Music UK
Sony Music UK (legal name Sony Music Entertainment UK Limited) is owned and operated by Sony Music Entertainment in the United Kingdom  Since 2014, Jason Iley has been chairman and CEO of Sony Music UK  Though owned by Sony Music Entertainment, Sony Music UK has standalone operations in the UK to promote musicians within the UK In June 2017, it was announced that Sony would be merging its two independent distribution companies The Orchard and Red Essential 2014 saw Sony's best singles success for 33 years, with 11 number 1 singles  Sony Music artists won a total of five individual awards at the BRITs 2015, including Best Female Solo Artist for Paloma Faith, and Mark Ronson's "Uptown Funk", which picked up Best British Single  Several other of the label's artists - Foo Fighters, One Direction and Pharrell Williams - also collected awards Sony's performance at the BRITs 2015 was the label's best in nearly 20 years, winning a total of 5 awards  In 2017, Sony Music UK celebrated the most successful BRIT Awards in the company's history, winning seven of the 11 awards In the last three years, Sony Music UK has made key acquisitions including forming Insanity Records with Insanity Management  Craig David became the first artist to sign an album deal with Insanity Records  Sony Music UK signed Robbie Williams, who released his 11th album The Heavy Entertainment Show in 2016  Jason Iley commented that the agreement was "a once in a lifetime signing with the biggest male solo artist of our generation" Sony Music UK also incorporated the independent sales and distribution company Essential Music and Marketing - renamed to Red Essential  In August 2016, Sony Music acquired Ministry of Sound Recordings, home to London Grammar, DJ Fresh and Sigala On April 5, 2017, two of Sony Music UK's labels won awards at the annual Music Week Awards  Columbia Records received the 'A&R of the Year' Award, while Syco were awarded the 'Record Company of the Year' Award In 2021, Sony agreed to buy Kobalt neighboring rights division and independent distribution company AWAL, from the Kobalt Music Group for $430 million The UK media company Somethin' Else was acquired outright by Sony Music in 2021, to form a podcast division 

Criticism and Controversies
CD price fixing
Between 1995 and 2000, music companies were found to have used illegal marketing agreements such as minimum advertised pricing to artificially inflate prices of compact discs  This was done in order to end price wars of the early 1990s among discounters such as Best Buy and Target  A settlement was reached in 2002 that included music publishers and distributors Sony Music, Warner Music, Bertelsmann Music Group, EMI Music and Universal Music  In restitution for price fixing, they agreed to pay a $67 4 million fine and distribute $75 7 million in CDs to public and non-profit groups but admitted no wrongdoing  It is estimated that customers were overcharged by nearly $500 million overall and up to $5 per album 

George Michael
The British artist, George Michael, signed to Columbia in the U S  and Epic worldwide, advised Sony executives in 1990 that he would not be appearing in music videos to support his forthcoming album, Listen Without Prejudice Vol  1  Michael then accused Sony of not promoting the album at all  He sued in the UK in 1992, asking to be released from his contract  Sony ultimately prevailed in the courts in 1994, but Michael's contract was bought out by other labels  Some 11 years later, Michael licensed tracks to Sony for release 

Michael Jackson and Tommy Mottola
The release of Invincible was preceded by a dispute between Michael Jackson and Sony Music Entertainment  Jackson had expected the licenses to the masters of his albums to revert to him sometime in the early 2000s, after which he would be able to promote the material however he pleased and keep the profits; however, clauses in the contract set the revert date years into the future  Jackson discovered that the attorney who had represented him in the deal had also been representing Sony  He was also concerned that for years Sony had been pressuring him to sell his share in its music catalog venture; he feared that Sony might have had a conflict of interest, since if Jackson's career failed, he would have had to sell his share of the catalog at a low price  Jackson sought an early exit from his contract In July 2002, Jackson alleged that the then-Sony Music chairman Tommy Mottola was a "devil" and "racist" who did not support his African-American artists, using them merely for his own gain  He charged that Mottola had called his colleague Irv Gotti a "fat nigger"  Sony refused to renew Jackson's contract, and claimed that a $25 million promotional campaign had failed because Jackson refused to tour in the United States 

Prosecution of copyright infringement
In May 2012, Sony Music filed charges against the website IsoHunt  The plaintiff's claims in the court document filed at the Supreme Court of British Columbia read: "The IsoHunt Websites have been designed and are operated by the defendants with the sole purpose of profiting from rampant copyright infringement which defendants actively encourage, promote, authorize, induce, aid, abet, materially contribute to and commercially profit from " In February 2016, in a lawsuit filed at a California federal court, Sony Music Entertainment and its associated brands (Arista Records and LaFace Records, formerly owned by Bertelsmann Music Group) accused Belgian radio aggregator Radionomy (owned by Universal Music Group's parent Vivendi) of copyright infringement 

Kesha v  Dr  Luke and 2016 boycott
In February 2016, 100,000 people signed an online petition in less than 24 hours, calling for a boycott of Sony Music and all other Sony-affiliated businesses after rape allegations against music producer Dr  Luke were made by musical artist Kesha  Kesha asked a New York City Supreme Court to free her from her contract with Sony Music, but the court denied the request, prompting a widespread public and media response 

List of Sony Music Entertainment labels
Others
Previously affiliated labels
See also
List of Sony Music artists
Sony Music Publishing
Sony BMG
Sony BMG copy protection rootkit scandal
Sony Music Entertainment Japan
Sony Music Australia
Sony Music UK
Sony Music India
Tero Entertainment
Lists of record labels
Passage 6:
Loud Planes Fly Low
Loud Planes Fly Low is the fifth album by the American band The Rosebuds, released in 2011 on Merge Records 

Track listing
Passage 7:
I Wish Tonight Would Never End
I Wish Tonight Would Never End is an album by American country music artist George Jones  It was released in 1963 on the United Artists record label I Wish Tonight Would Never End features two duets with Melba Montgomery, including the standard "We Must Have Been Out Of Our Minds", one of seven chart singles they would score together between 1963 and 1967   In the book George Jones: The Life and Times of a Honky Tonk Legend, Bob Allen quotes Jones:  "Now, truthfully, Melba fit my style more than Tammy (Wynette) did   I hate to use the word 'hard-core,' but that's  what Melba is - a down-to-earth, hard-core country singer "  The other duet with Montgomery, "Flame In My Heart", was originally recorded by Jones and Virginia Spurlock when Jones was with Mercury Records   The songs would be included on the Jones/Montgomery duet album What's in Our Hearts, also released in 1963 
I Wish Tonight Would Never End also includes a more refined rerecording of "Seasons Of My Heart", a song Jones wrote with Darrell Edwards which had been one of his earliest recordings on the Starday label and had also been a hit for Johnny Cash (Jerry Lee Lewis and Willie Nelson would also cover the song) 

Track listing
"Lonesome Life" (George Jones, George Riddle)
"This Old, Old House" (Jones, Hal Bynum)
"I Saw Me" (Jones, Jimmie Davis)
"Every Time I Look at You"
"I Wish Tonight Would Never End" (Jones, "Country" Johnny Mathis)
"Flame in My Heart" (Jones, Bernard Spurlock)
"Ain't It Funny What a Fool Will Do" (Jones, Mathis)
"There's No Justice" (Leon Payne)
"We Must Have Been Out of Our Minds" (With Melba Montgomery) (Melba Montgomery)
"I Can't Change Over Night" (Jones, Mathis)
"In the Shadow of a Lie" (Jones, Dick Overby)
"Seasons of My Heart" (Jones, Darrell Edwards)
Passage 8:
Hawk Nelson
Hawk Nelson was a Canadian rock band from Peterborough, Ontario  Formed in 2000, the band has released eight studio albums to date 

History
Early independent releases (2000–2003)
In 2000, Dunn, Clark, and Paige founded a Peterborough-based group called "SWISH", while Biro sang lead vocals for a four-piece group called the "Cheese Monkeys from Planet Nine" from Barrie, Ontario  In 2000, SWISH released their first independent album, Riding Around the Park on Mime Radio, an independent record label based in Peterborough  In January 2002, Biro moved to Peterborough to join Dunn, Clark and Paige and SWISH was renamed "Reason Being", before finally settling with the name "Hawk Nelson"  In 2003, they released their second independent album, Saturday Rock Action 

Letters to the President (2004–2005)
They continued to perform and tour independently in Ontario, Canada, before being signed with Tooth & Nail Records, largely on the recommendation of Trevor McNevan, the lead singer of fellow Tooth & Nail bands Thousand Foot Krutch and FM Static  McNevan, also from Peterborough, Ontario, is credited with discovering the band  In July 2004, Hawk Nelson released their debut album Letters to the President  It was produced by Aaron Sprinkle and McNevan, who also co-wrote the album's fourteen songs  He has also appeared on some of the band's songs, as well as in their video for the song "California" 
The band has achieved some success in the mainstream as well  They portrayed The Who on an episode of the NBC drama American Dreams, and they recorded a song named "Bring 'Em Out" as the theme for the 2005 motion picture Yours, Mine and Ours featuring Drake Bell  This song and another hit song "The Show" were both used on Sunday Night Football commercials  "Things We Go Through" from Letters to the President was also featured in Yours, Mine and Ours  In October 2005, the band re-released Letters to the President, with new material including their cover of The Who's "My Generation", three acoustic versions of some of their hits, and a limited edition cover  Hawk Nelson plays the party band for the film Yours, Mine and Ours (2005)  On December 20, 2005, Hawk Nelson released an EP titled Bring 'Em Out 

Smile, It's the End of the World (2006–2007)
Hawk Nelson continued to gain popularity and was voted "Favorite New Artist" by CCM Magazine in their February 2006 Reader's Choice Awards 
On April 4, 2006, Hawk Nelson released Connect Sets EP with six acoustic tracks, including "Bring Em' Out", "Thing We Go Through", and "California" The band released their second studio album, Smile, It's the End of the World, on April 4, 2006  The album was also co-written by Trevor McNevan of Thousand Foot Krutch  The album won a GMA Canada Covenant Award for "Modern Rock/Alternative Album of the Year" in 2006  The album's first single, "Everything You Ever Wanted", went on to hit No  1 for 9 weeks on the R&R Christian CHR chart, and was the fourth most-played song of 2006  The band spent the middle of 2006 touring the major Christian music festivals, and also took part in Jeremy Camp's Beyond Measure tour  Hawk Nelson released a three-track Christmas EP titled Gloria on November 21, 2006, and then toured with TobyMac's Winter Wonder Slam tour along with The Afters, Family Force 5, and Ayiesha Woods 
Bulletproof Records and producer Ralph Sall have assembled the compilation Charlotte's Web: Music Inspired By The Motion Picture featuring music by Christian artists including Hawk Nelson, Amy Grant, Selah, and Billy Ray Cyrus, which was released December 12, 2006  In addition, Bob Carlisle, Leigh Nash (Sixpence None The Richer), and The Send have all contributed exclusive tracks 
Hawk Nelson performed in 2006 on the Fringe Stage at Creation Festival Northwest, then again on the main stage at Creation in 2007  They performed sometime between July 25–28, 2007, at Creation Festival Northwest on the Main Stage, and they played again on the Fringe Stage at Creation Festival Northeast sometime between June 27–30, 2007  In 2007, (and again in 2009), Hawk Nelson performed at Winter Jam with a variety of other Christian bands, including Newsong, Jeremy Camp, Steven Curtis Chapman, Sanctus Real, and Britt Nicole  Hawk Nelson also toured with MxPx, Run Kid Run, Project 86, The Fold, and The Classic Crime on the Tooth and Nail Tour 
On March 27, 2007, Hawk Nelson released a "Double Take" which includes selections from Letters to the President and Smile It's the End of the World  They then released a holiday-themed EP titled Holiday Trio on November 20, 2007 In 2007, Aaron Tosti left the band to pursue other musical ventures and was replaced by Justin Benner 

Hawk Nelson Is My Friend and Live Life Loud (2008–2010)
The band's third full album, Hawk Nelson Is My Friend was released on April 1, 2008, and featured songs co-written by Trevor McNevan of Thousand Foot Krutch, Raine Maida of Our Lady Peace and Richard Marx 
In 2008, the band also contributed a cover of "Don't You (Forget About Me)", originally by Simple Minds, off the Don't You Forget About Me: The Covers EP  The song was also featured in back-to-school commercials for J C  Penney  On June 8, 2010, Hawkology: Anothology of Hawk Nelson was released containing three previously released albums: Letters to the President, Smile, It's the End of the World, and Hawk Nelson Is My Friend  On June 16, 2009, Summer EP was released through digital outlets only In January 2008, the band headlined their own tour that they called "The Green T Tour" which also featured Capital Lights and Run Kid Run Hawk Nelson was nominated for a 2009 Grammy Award in the category for Best Recording Package, for their 2008 album Hawk Nelson Is My Friend 
On July 21, 2009, Hawk Nelson released their second single from their fourth album Live Life Loud called "The Meaning of Life", and on August 8, the song "Alive" began to be played on Christian Radio  They released their fourth album, Live Life Loud on September 22, 2009  The title song "Live Life Loud" was made available in the Rock Band store during the first week of April 2010  The song "Live Life Loud" was featured in the trailer for the movie, "Diary of a Wimpy Kid 2: Rodrick Rules" 

Crazy Love and departure of Jason Dunn (2011–2012)
On February 8, 2011, Hawk Nelson released their fifth studio album titled Crazy Love, which was bundled together with a new acoustic EP titled The Light Sides Hawk Nelson released another Christmas EP, titled Christmas EP on November 1, 2011, and it included the songs "Hark the Herald Angels Sing", "The Wassail Song", and "Up on the Housetop"  On March 27, 2012, Hawk Nelson released a compilation album titled The Songs You've Already Heard: Best of Hawk Nelson On February 1, 2012, lead vocalist Jason Dunn announced he would be leaving the band in order to pursue his solo project, Lights Go Down, recording an album tentatively titled Abandon Progress  On March 11, 2012, in Fresno, California, Dunn performed his final US show with Hawk Nelson 
Following Dunn's departure, guitarist Jonathan Steingard took over as lead vocalist and bassist Daniel Biro became the last remaining original member of the band 

Post-Dunn releases, Steingard's arrival & departure  (2012–2020)
After Dunn's departure from the band, Steingard replacing him on vocals marked a shift in the band's genre from fast-paced pop punk to softer, contemporary alternative and pop rock  On December 11, 2012, Hawk Nelson announced they had signed with Fair Trade Services  Made was released on April 2, 2013  The album's release was preceded by the release of the album's debut single on January 15, 2013, "Words", featuring Bart Millard of MercyMe, which reached No  1 on the Christian Hot AC/CHR charts On December 10, 2014, Hawk Nelson released the first single off an upcoming album, "Drops In the Ocean" via YouTube and made available on iTunes January 13  The album, Diamonds was announced on January 21  Diamonds is Jonathan Steingard's second album as lead vocalist for the band and first for guitarist Micah Kuiper and drummer David Niacaris  "Just Getting Started", another song from "Diamonds", was heard in several American Idol promo spots ahead of the album's release  The album was released on iTunes and other major music websites on March 17, 2015 On December 15, 2017, the band released the single, "He Still Does (Miracles)", as part of a new album, Miracles, which was released April 6, 2018, through Fair Trade Services In May 2020, Steingard announced on his Instagram page that he had lost his faith in God and is no longer a Christian  In response, Daniel Biro made a post on the band's official Instagram page the following day thanking his bandmates and expressed continued support for them on and off the road  Soon thereafter, Steingard changed his Instagram profile to "Former lead singer Hawk Nelson" 

Personnel
Past

Daniel Biro – bass guitar, backing vocals (2000–present until 2020)
Micah Kuiper – lead guitar, backing vocals (2013–present until 2020 )
David Niacaris – drums (2015–present until 2020 )
Jason Dunn – lead vocals, keyboards, rhythm guitar (2000–2012)
Dave 'Davin' Clark – lead guitar, backing vocals (2000–2004)
Matt 'Matty' Paige – drums (2000–2005)
Jonathan Steingard – lead guitar, backing vocals (2004–2012), lead vocals, rhythm guitar, keyboards, piano, synthesizers (2012–2020)
Gideon 'Gidz' Courtney – drums (late 2005)
Aaron 'Skwid' Tosti – drums (2005–2008)
Justin Benner – drums (2008–2014)Timeline

Discography
Albums
As SWISH

2000: Riding Around the Park (Independent)As Hawk Nelson

2003: Saturday Rock Action (Independent)
2004: Letters to the President (Tooth & Nail Records)
2006: Smile, It's the End of the World (Tooth & Nail Records)
2008: Hawk Nelson Is My Friend (BEC Recordings)
2009: Live Life Loud (BEC Recordings)
2011: Crazy Love (BEC Recordings)
2013: Made (Fair Trade Services)
2015: Diamonds (Fair Trade Services)
2018: Miracles (Fair Trade Services)

Awards
GMA Canada Covenant Awards

2006 Modern Rock/Alternative Album of the Year: Smile, It's the End of the World
2007 two nominations: Modern Rock/Alternative Song of the Year: "The One Thing I Have Left", and Recorded Song of the Year: "Everything You Ever Wanted"
2008 two nominations: Group of the Year, and Modern Rock/Alternative Album of the Year: Hawk Nelson Is My Friend
2009 Modern Rock/Alternative Song of the Year: "Live Life Loud"
2010 two awards: Modern Rock/Alternative Album of the Year: Live Life Loud!, and Modern Rock/Alternative Song of the Year: "Never Enough"
2011 two awards: Rock Album of the Year: Crazy Love, and Rock Song of the Year: "Crazy Love"GMA Dove Awards

2007 nominee, Recorded Music Packaging: Smile, It's the End of the World
2009 nominee, Recorded Music Packaging: Hawk Nelson Is My Friend
2010 nominee, Recorded Music Packaging: Live Life Loud
2012 nominee, Rock Recorded Song of the Year: You Love Is A Mystery
2012 nominee, Rock/Contemporary Recorded Song of the Year: Crazy Love
2012 nominee, Rock/Contemporary Album of the Year: Crazy Love
2012 nominee, Short Form Music Video of the Year: Crazy LoveGolden Ear Music Awards (Ignite Your Faith Magazine)

2006 two wins: Best Band, and Best Male Vocalist: Jason DunnGrammy Awards

2009 nominee, Best Recording Package: Hawk Nelson Is My FriendJuno Awards

2007 nominee, Contemporary Christian/Gospel Album of the Year: Smile, It's the End of the World
2012 nominee, Contemporary Christian/Gospel Album of the Year: Crazy LoveVH1

2006, No  1 spot on VH1's top 20 video countdown with "The One Thing I Have Left" music video 
Passage 9:
A Perfect Sky
"A Perfect Sky" is Bonnie Pink's twenty-fifth single and first from the album Thinking Out Loud  The single was released under the Warner Music Japan label on June 28, 2006 

Track listing
A Perfect Sky
Free
Interlude -Siesta-
A Perfect Sky (Instrumental)


== Oricon Sales Chart ==
Passage 10:
Quartets: Live at the Village Vanguard
Quartets: Live at the Village Vanguard is a live album by the American jazz saxophonist Joe Lovano recorded at the Village Vanguard in 1994 and 1995 and released on the Blue Note label 

Reception
The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow stated: "Named Jazz Album of the Year by readers of Downbeat Magazine, this double CD features tenor saxophonist Joe Lovano during two appearances at the Village Vanguard recorded ten months apart    In both cases, Joe Lovano is heard in prime form, making this an easily recommended two-fer" 
Don Heckman of the Los Angeles Times commented, "the two CDs in this new release are demonstrations in just how good he can be, regardless of the music’s style  Recorded live in March 1994 and January 1995 with two very different ensembles, they showcase contrasting aspects of Lovano’s improvisational strengths "

Track listing
All compositions by Joe Lovano except as indicated
Disc One"Fort Worth" [Set 2] - 10:01
"Birds of Springtime Gone By" [Set 1] - 6:43
"I Can't Get Started" [Set 1] (Vernon Duke, Ira Gershwin) - 8:32
"Uprising" [Set 3] -  7:35
"Sail Away" [Set 2] (Tom Harrell) - 10:51
"Blues Not to Lose" [Set 3] (Eddie Boyd) - 9:19
"Song and Dance" [Set 2] - 8:27Disc Two"Lonnie's Lament" [Set 2] (John Coltrane) - 11:12
"Reflections" [Set 2] (Thelonious Monk) - 9:51
"Little Willie Leaps" [Set 1*] (Miles Davis) - 9:22
"This Is All I Ask" [Set 2] (Gordon Jenkins) - 9:18
"26-2" [Set 2] (Coltrane) - 9:42
"Duke Ellington's Sound of Love" [Set 3] (Charles Mingus) - 6:15
"Sounds of Joy" [Set 1] - 10:19Recorded at the Village Vanguard in New York City on March 12, 1994 (Disc One) and January 20 & *22, 1995 (Disc Two)

Personnel
Joe Lovano – tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone, C melody saxophone
Tom Harrell - trumpet, flugelhorn (Disc One)
Mulgrew Miller – piano (Disc Two)
Anthony Cox (Disc One), Christian McBride (Disc Two) – bass
Billy Hart (Disc One), Lewis Nash (Disc Two) – drums
Passage 11:
Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland
Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland is a live album by jazz bassist and composer Charles Mingus, recorded in 1959 and released on the United Artists label in September of that year  The original release was titled Jazz Portraits, and a subsequent edition was titled Wonderland, leading to the combined title of Jazz Portraits: Mingus in Wonderland 

Composition
Both "Alice's Wonderland" and "Nostalgia in Times Square" were originally written for the 1959 John Cassavetes film Shadows as part of a full soundtrack, but Mingus’ music was almost entirely replaced for the final version of the film  A partial reconstruction of the soundtrack was released in 2015 as the compilation album Shadows 
A reworked version of "Nostalgia in Times Square," with vocals by Honi Gordon, was recorded during Mingus' 1959  Mingus Dynasty sessions and included on reissues of that album as a bonus track titled "Strollin'" 
Though never a major part of Mingus’ repertoire, "Nostalgia in Times Square" has since become a jazz standard, widely performed and recorded by other musicians  Notably, jazz fusion trio Medeski Martin & Wood have long performed the song, usually as part of a medley with Sun Ra’s “Angel Race ”

Reception
The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow called the music "advanced bop that looks toward the upcoming innovations of the avant-garde and is frequently quite exciting" 

Track listing
All compositions by Charles Mingus except as indicated"Nostalgia in Times Square" – 12:18
"I Can't Get Started" (Vernon Duke, Ira Gershwin) – 10:08
"No Private Income Blues" – 12:51
"Alice's Wonderland" – 8:54Recorded at the Nonagon Art Gallery in New York City on January 16, 1959

Personnel
Charles Mingus – bass
John Handy – alto saxophone
Booker Ervin – tenor saxophone (tracks 1, 3 & 4)
Richard Wyands – piano
Dannie Richmond – drums
Passage 12:
Liliana Mumy
Liliana Berry Davis Mumy (; born April 16, 1994) is an American actress  Between 2002 and 2006, she appeared as Jessica Baker in Cheaper by the Dozen and its sequel, as well as  Lucy Miller in the second and third films of The Santa Clause trilogy 
In animation, Mumy performed the voice of Mertle Edmonds in the Lilo & Stitch franchise as well as Twinkle in Higglytown Heroes  For Cartoon Network, she has voiced Panini in Chowder  For Nickelodeon, she has voiced Human Kimberly in Catscratch, Roxy in the Nickelodeon revival of Winx Club, and Leni Loud in The Loud House 

Personal life
Mumy was born in San Marcos, California, the daughter of Eileen Joy Mumy (née Davis), a childbirth educator, and former child star Bill Mumy  She is the younger sister of former child actor Seth Mumy  She graduated from Laurel Hall School in North Hollywood, California and attended Campbell Hall School  She left there and graduated from Notre Dame High School in Sherman Oaks, California in 2012 
Liliana appeared with her father, Bill Mumy, in the Twilight Zone revival series' episode "It's Still a Good Life" 

Career
Mumy has appeared in several motion pictures  Her most notable film appearances are in Cheaper by the Dozen, Cheaper by the Dozen 2, The Santa Clause 2, as well as The Santa Clause 3: The Escape Clause  In 2002, Mumy played Audrey Fremont, the daughter of her father Bill's character Anthony, in a sequel to the classic The Twilight Zone episode "It's a Good Life" called "It's Still a Good Life" 
Mumy provided the voice of Mertle Edmonds (Lilo Pelekai's rival) in Stitch! The Movie, Lilo & Stitch: The Series, Lilo & Stitch 2: Stitch Has a Glitch, and Leroy & Stitch, and voicing a character with a smaller role on American Dragon: Jake Long as Haley's rival at school  She is also the voice of Twinkle on Higglytown Heroes and the voice of Human Kimberly on Nickelodeon's Catscratch  Lesser roles included TV appearances playing Rachael/Rachel in six episodes on My Wife and Kids from 2002 to 2004 as well as young Donna on That '70s Show and guest starring in Scrubs as a girl at her birthday party (whose face J D  daydreams of shoving into her cake)  She also voiced Panini in the cartoon Chowder, airing on Cartoon Network and played Lula in The Cleaner in 2008  She also voiced a feisty, fashionable, pink-loving, golden retriever puppy named Rosebud in the Disney movies Snow Buddies, Space Buddies, and Santa Buddies  In June 2012, Mumy started voice work as 'Beth' in Bravest Warriors, an animated series created by Pendleton Ward, produced by Frederator Studios for their channel, Cartoon Hangover, a premium content partner of YouTube  Mumy also provided the voice of Roxy on Nickelodeon's Winx Club and Leni Loud on Nickelodeon's The Loud House 

Filmography
Television
Films
Passage 13:
Raw Energy Records
Raw Energy Records was a Canadian independent record label, based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada  The music label was established in the late 1980s by founder entrepreneur and music journalist Graeme Boyce, initially to distribute the debut EP by King Apparatus, Loud Party  Prior to launching Raw Energy, Boyce was a staff writer for RPM The label subsequently released King Apparatus' full-length debut album in 1990; after selling over 5,000 copies of the album in just a handful of record stores in downtown Toronto, the label secured a national distribution deal with A&M Records  The company expanded over the years, and launched new divisions to manage growth, such as Raw Energy Promotions and Raw Energy Radio 
Canadian artists who released Raw Energy albums included King Apparatus, King Cobb Steelie, Dinner Is Ruined, Random Killing, Trunk, Marilyn's Vitamins, Five Knuckle Chuckle, Three Impotent Males, Out of Hand, Cut Off, Double Standard, DNS, and Sectorseven  Raw Energy also released product from two U S  acts, The Toasters and Rosie O'Shea   Grouped into the alternative genre, augmenting its roster of punk and ska, the label released a rap album from Top Secret and a noise album from Space City USA 

Discography
Compilation albums
In 1993, Raw Energy released its first compilation, simply titled Raw Energy  Because of the cartoon drawing used on the cover, it quickly took on the name On the Road within the hardcore community  Raw Energy played on this to release a series of "On the Road" compilations, featuring unsigned and emerging Canadian punk, hardcore and alternative rock bands du jour  Some would end up signing with Raw Energy 
The series of "On the Road" compilations includes:

Raw Energy (aka On the Road, 1993)
On the Road Again (1994)
Dead on the Road: Songs Without Keyboards (1994)
On the Road to New York City (1994)
On the Road to Amsterdam (1999)
On the Road    with a Snowboard (1999)Other compilations include Twentybandcomp, co-released with Shock Records in Australia 

Track listing
The Dinner Is Ruined, "Stuck Pig"
Groovy Religion, "Wanda"
hHead, "Collide"
King Cobb Steelie, "One's a Heifer"
The Imagineers, "This is Nevada Calling"
Jale, "I Lied"
Cottage Industry, "Theme from Superstar"
Yeti, "The Crossing"
Wooden Stars, "Hate Everyone"
Wining Dining and Drilling, "Captain's a Wreck"
Deadbeat Backbone, "Til I'm Gone"
Eric's Trip, "Understanding"
Change of Heart, "Stress Monkey"

See also
List of record labels
Passage 14:
Vision Towards Essence
Vision Towards Essence is a live album of solo piano by Muhal Richard Abrams released on the Pi Recordings label in 2007 

Reception
The AllMusic review by Thom Jurek states "This is indeed one of the most important records ever released by this great man"  The Penguin Guide to Jazz wrote that "Part 1" "has tentative moments, areas of slow transition which are slightly dull on first hearing though their logic becomes clearer over time  The other two parts are flawless" 

Track listing
"Part 1" - 20:06
"Part 2" - 18:23
"Part 3" - 20:16All compositions by Muhal Richard Abrams
Recorded live at the Guelph Jazz Festival, Guelph, Canada on September 11, 1998 

Personnel
Muhal Richard Abrams - piano
Passage 15:
Live Life Loud
Live Life Loud (stylized as LIVE*LIFE*LOUD!) is the fourth studio album from Christian rock band Hawk Nelson  It was released on September 22, 2009  According to Daniel Biro, the dog on the cover is lead vocalist Jason Dunn's dog Murphy  The album was packaged with a pair of 3D glasses that are needed to be worn to view the album's CD booklet which is printed in 3D 
The album peaked at No  54 the first week on Billboard 200 and at No  3 on The Billboard Christian Albums charts 

Concept and musical style
Bassist Daniel Biro describes the album as "really about encouraging our fans to do just that  To live your life loud, to embrace all that life brings your way and experience every moment of it to the fullest extent  This is the message we want our fans to come away with after they hear the album "The album is the first time that the band wrote songs together by just jamming as a band, although the band collaborated with Chris Stevens, Matthew Gerrard, TobyMac, Trevor McNevan, and Bart Millard on the record 

Track listing
Personnel
Jason Dunn - lead vocals
Daniel Biro - bass guitar, backing vocals
Jonathan Steingard - guitar, backing vocals
Justin Benner - drums

Awards
In 2010, the album was nominated for a Dove Award for Recorded Music Packaging of the Year at the 41st GMA Dove Awards  The title song was also nominated for Short Form Music Video of the Year 
Passage 16:
Ornament Records
Ornament Records is a German record label set up in 1972 by Siegfried A  "Ziggy" Christmann  It initially specialised in issuing live recordings of blues artists who were touring Germany  Soon the label started releasing jazz and German (especially Moselle Franconian) folk music as well 
Artists who were recorded for the label or in some cases whose US recordings were released on the label included Doctor Ross, Willie Mabon, John Lee Hooker, Blind John Davis, Jim Kahr Group, Champion Jack Dupree, Sunnyland Slim, Tommy Tucker, Big Joe Williams, Fernest Arceneaux, Louisiana Red, Al Rapone, Katie Webster, Big Jay McNeely, Detroit Gary Wiggins & Chris Rannenberg as the International Blues Duo and Black Cat Bone Almost all of the label's original blues LPs were—some with additional bonus tracks—re-released on CD on the CMA label in 1991  Some of these were released again on the Chrisly label in 2000 under the Ornament Blues Masters series Ornament also had two short-lived blues sub-labels: Chrischaa and ESCEHA Schallplatten  Both of these folded in June 1978 

See also
List of record labels
Passage 17:
Love, Life and Feelings
Love, Life and Feelings is the 21st studio album from Shirley Bassey, released in 1976 on the United Artists label 
The album peaked at #13 in the UK album chart, and charted at #149 in the Billboard 200  Love, Life and Feelings was awarded silver record status by the British Phonographic Industry, with sales of more than 60,000 copies 
Features covers of contemporary pop songs from the late 1960s and early 1970s, such as "Alone Again (Naturally)" the 1972 UK #3 single from Gilbert O'Sullivan and "The Way I Want to Touch You" from Captain & Tennille  alongside "What I Did for Love", from the musical A Chorus Line written by Marvin Hamlisch 
Singles released from the album include "Natali", an Italian song with lyrics by Norman Newell, which was issued with the non-album track "Runaway" ("E poi   " Andrea Lovecchio, Shel Shapiro) as the B-side, the song was recorded in Italian and English by the Italian singer Mina  This track has of 2011 not been re-issued on CD 
Love, Life and Feelings was issued originally on 33 3rpm vinyl and audio cassette with a sleeve cover photography by Richard Avedon  The album was re-issued on a double CD set in 2006, by BGO Records, together with the 1974 album Nobody Does It Like Me 

Track listing
Side One 

"What I Did for Love" (Edward Kleban, Marvin Hamlisch) - 3 47
"The Hungry Years" (Howard Greenfield, Neil Sedaka) - 4 36
"Born to Lose" (Sergio Bardotti, Dario Bembo, Norman Newell) - 5:46
"Everything That Touches You" (Michael Kamen) - 3 22
"Isn't It a Shame (Randy Edelman) - 3 47
"Midnight Blue" (Melissa Manchester, Carole Bayer Sager) - 4 11Side Two 

"The Way I Want to Touch You" (Toni Tennille) - 3 17
"Natali" (Balsamo, Norman Newell) - 5 02
"You've Made Me So Very Happy" (Berry Gordy, Brenda Holloway, Patrice Holloway, Frank Wilson) - 3 41
"Alone Again (Naturally)" (Gilbert O'Sullivan) - 4 54
"Feelings" (Morris Albert) - 4 46
"If I Never Sing Another Song"  (Don Black, Udo Jürgens) - 4 04

Personnel
Shirley Bassey – vocal
Martin Davis - producer
Arthur Greenslade - arranger, conductor
Martin Rushent - engineer
Passage 18:
Live at the Lighthouse (Elvin Jones album)
Live at the Lighthouse is a live album by jazz drummer Elvin Jones featuring performances recorded in 1972 at the Lighthouse Café in California, and released on the Blue Note label  The album was originally released as a double LP and subsequently released on two CDs with additional material  It features Jones in a quartet with saxophonists Dave Liebman and Steve Grossman, and bassist Gene Perla 

Reception
The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 4 stars calling it "Exciting and adventurous music that stretches the boundaries of modal hard bop jazz" 

Track listing
Volume One"Fancy Free" (Donald Byrd) - 21:06
"New Breed" (Dave Liebman) - 12:06
"Small One" (Liebman) - 7:09 Bonus track on CD reissue
"Sambra" (Gene Perla) - 13:12
"My Ship" (Ira Gershwin, Kurt Weill) - 8:52
"Taurus People" (Farouq Daweud) - 6:17 Bonus track on CD reissue
"For All Those Other Times / Announcement" (Perla) - 5:40 Bonus track on CD reissueVolume Two"Happy Birthday Greeting" - 0:50
"Sweet Mama" (Perla) - 15:30
"I'm a Fool to Want You" (Joel Herron, Frank Sinatra, Jack Wolf) - 11:37 Bonus track on CD reissue
"The Children, Save the Children" (Don Garcia) - 7:58
"Brite Piece" (Liebman) - 13:19 Bonus track on CD reissue
"The Children's Merry-Go-Round March" (Elvin Jones) - 28:30 Bonus track on CD reissue

Personnel
Elvin Jones - drums
Steve Grossman - tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone
Dave Liebman - tenor saxophone, soprano saxophone, flute
Gene Perla - bass
Passage 19:
Eddie Cochran On The Air
This article is the discography of American rock and roll musician Eddie Cochran 

Albums
Studio albums
Live albums
Compilation albums
EPs
Singles
Charting reissues
Notes
Passage 20:
This Christmas (Patti LaBelle album)
This Christmas is the first holiday album released by American singer Patti LaBelle  It was released by MCA Records on October 30, 1990, in the United States  The album was released while LaBelle was working on a follow-up to her previous album, Be Yourself (1989)  It included original compositions such as "'Twas Love", which LaBelle shot a video for, and "Nothing Could Be Better", which was sung live by LaBelle during an appearance on the television show, A Different World  This Christmas would be re-released in 1995 with all new artwork and a new bonus track, "Angel Man"  The 1995 re-release was later reissued in 2004 under the 20th Century Masters: The Christmas Collection line, labeled The Best of Patti LaBelle 

Critical reception
Allmusic editor Jose F  Promis called This Christmas a "likeable collection of easygoing holiday confections  The songs prove quite endearing, but in some cases are marred by somewhat dated production [   ] Oftentimes, holiday albums such as this – composed of new, untraditional recordings – are somewhat tepid, but that's thankfully not the case here  Despite a few dull moments and some lackluster production, this is quite an enjoyable and endearing holiday set, and will no doubt please the legendary singer's many fans "

Track listing
Notes

^[A]  denotes associate producer
^[B]  denotes co-producer

Charts
Context 3: 

Demographics
Namibia has the second-lowest population density of any sovereign country, after Mongolia  In 2017 there were on average 3 08 people per km2  The total fertility rate in 2015 was 3 47 children per woman according to the UN 

Ethnic groups
The majority of the Namibian population is of Bantu-speaking origin—mostly of the Ovambo ethnicity, which forms about half of the population—residing mainly in the north of the country, although many are now resident in towns throughout Namibia  Other ethnic groups are the Herero and Himba people, who speak the related Herero language, and the Damara, who, like the Nama, speak Khoekhoe 
In addition to the Bantu majority, there are large groups of Khoisan (such as Nama and San), who are descendants of the original inhabitants of Southern Africa  The country also contains some descendants of refugees from Angola  There are also two smaller groups of people with mixed racial origins, called "Coloureds" and "Basters", who together make up 8 0% (with the Coloureds outnumbering the Basters two to one)  There is a substantial Chinese minority in Namibia; it stood at 40,000 in 2006 

Whites (being mainly of Afrikaner, German, British and Portuguese origin) make up between 4 0 and 7 0% of the population  Although their proportion of the population decreased after independence due to emigration and lower birth rates, they still form the second-largest population of European ancestry, both in terms of percentage and actual numbers, in Sub-Saharan Africa (after South Africa)  The majority of Namibian whites and nearly all those who are of mixed race speak Afrikaans and share similar origins, culture, and religion as the white and coloured populations of South Africa  A large minority of whites (around 30,000) trace their family origins back to the German settlers who colonised Namibia prior to the South African invasion during the First World War, and they maintain German cultural and educational institutions  Nearly all Portuguese settlers came to the country from the former Portuguese colony of Angola  The 1960 census reported 526,004 persons in what was then South West Africa, including 73,464 whites (14%) 

Censuses
Namibia conducts a census every ten years  After independence the first Population and Housing Census was carried out in 1991; further rounds followed in 2001, 2011, and 2023 (delayed two years due to the COVID-19 pandemic and financial constraints)  The data collection method is to count every person resident in Namibia on the census reference night, wherever they happen to be  This is called the de facto method  For enumeration purposes the country is demarcated into 4,042 enumeration areas  These areas do not overlap with constituency boundaries to get reliable data for election purposes as well The 2011 Population and Housing Census counted 2,113,077 inhabitants  Between 2001 and 2011 the annual population growth was 1 4%, down from 2 6% in the previous ten-year period 

Urban settlements
Namibia has 13 cities, governed by municipalities and 26 towns, governed by town councils  The capital Windhoek is by far the largest urban settlement in Namibia 

Religion
The Christian community makes up 80%–90% of the population of Namibia, with at least 75% being Protestant, of which at least 50% are Lutheran  Lutherans are the largest religious group, a legacy of the German and Finnish missionary work during the country's colonial times  10%–20% of the population hold indigenous beliefs Missionary activities during the second half of the 19th century resulted in many Namibians converting to Christianity  Today most Christians are Lutheran, but there also are Roman Catholic, Methodist, Anglican, African Methodist Episcopal, Dutch Reformed, Latter-day Saints and Jehovah's Witnesses 
Islam in Namibia is subscribed to by about 9,000 people, many of them Nama  Namibia is home to a small Jewish community of about 100 people 

Languages
Up to 1990, English, German, and Afrikaans were official languages  Long before Namibia's independence from South Africa, SWAPO was of the opinion that the country should become officially monolingual, choosing this approach in contrast to that of its neighbour South Africa (which granted all 11 of its major languages official status), which it saw as "a deliberate policy of ethnolinguistic fragmentation " Consequently, SWAPO instituted English as Namibia's sole official language, though only about 3% of the population speaks it as a home language  Its implementation is focused on the civil service, education and the broadcasting system, especially the state broadcaster NBC  Some other languages have received semi-official recognition by being allowed as medium of instruction in primary schools  Private schools are expected to follow the same policy as state schools, and "English language" is a compulsory subject  Some critics argue that, as in other postcolonial African societies, the push for monolingual instruction and policy has resulted in a high rate of school drop-outs and of individuals whose academic competence in any language is low According to the 2011 census, the most common languages are Oshiwambo (the most spoken language for 49% of households), Khoekhoegowab  (11 3%), Afrikaans (10 4%), RuKwangali (9%), and Otjiherero (9%)  The most widely understood national language is Afrikaans, the country's lingua franca  Both Afrikaans and English are used primarily as a second language reserved for public communication  A complete list of languages according to the 2011 census is 48 9% Oshiwambo, 11 3% Khoekhoegowab, 10 4% Afrikaans, 8 6% Otjiherero, 8 5% RuKwangali, 4 8% siLozi, 3 4% English, 1 2% Other African languages, 0 9% German, 0 8% San, 0 7% Other European languages, 0 3% Setswana, and 0 1% Asian languages Most of the white population speaks either Afrikaans or German  More than a century after the end of the German colonial era, German continues to play a role as a commercial language  Afrikaans is spoken by 60% of the white community, German by 32%, English by 7% and Portuguese by 4–5%  Geographical proximity to Portuguese-speaking Angola explains the relatively high number of Portuguese speakers; in 2011 these were estimated to number 100,000 

Health
Life expectancy at birth is estimated to be 64 years in 2017 – among the lowest in the world Namibia launched a National Health Extension Programme in 2012 deployment 1,800 (2015) of a total ceiling of 4,800 health extension workers trained for six months in community health activities including first aid, health promotion for disease prevention, nutritional assessment and counseling, water sanitation and hygiene practices, HIV testing and community-based antiretroviral treatment Namibia faces a non-communicable disease burden  The Demographic and Health Survey (2013) summarises findings on elevated blood pressure, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity:

Among eligible respondents age 35–64, more than 4 in 10 women (44 percent) and men (45 percent) have elevated blood pressure or are currently taking medicine to lower their blood pressure 
Forty-nine percent of women and 61 percent of men are not aware that they have elevated blood pressure 
Forty-three percent of women and 34 percent of men with hypertension are taking medication for their condition 
Only 29 percent of women and 20 percent of men with hypertension are taking medication and have their blood pressure under control 
Six percent of women and 7 percent of men are diabetic; that is, they have elevated fasting plasma glucose values or report that they are taking diabetes medication  An additional 7 percent of women and 6 percent of men are prediabetic 
Sixty-seven percent of women and 74 percent of men with diabetes are taking medication to lower their blood glucose 
Women and men with a higher-than-normal body mass index (25 0 or higher) are more likely to have elevated blood pressure and elevated fasting blood glucose 
The HIV epidemic remains a public health issue in Namibia despite significant achievements made by the Ministry of Health and Social Services to expand HIV treatment services  In 2001, there were an estimated 210,000 people living with HIV/AIDS, and the estimated death toll in 2003 was 16,000  According to the 2011 UNAIDS Report, the epidemic in Namibia "appears to be leveling off " As the HIV/AIDS epidemic has reduced the working-aged population, the number of orphans has increased  It falls to the government to provide education, food, shelter and clothing for these orphans  A Demographic and Health Survey with an HIV biomarker was completed in 2013 and served as the fourth comprehensive, national-level population and health survey conducted in Namibia as part of the global Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) programme  The DHS observed important characteristics associated to the HIV epidemic:

Overall, 26 percent of men age 15–49 and 32 percent of those age 50–64 have been circumcised  HIV prevalence for men age 15–49 is lower among circumcised (8 0 percent) than among uncircumcised men (11 9 percent)  The pattern of lower HIV prevalence among circumcised than uncircumcised men is observed across most background characteristics  For each age group, circumcised men have lower HIV prevalence than those who are not circumcised; the difference is especially pronounced for men age 35–39 and 45–49 (11 7 percentage points each)  The difference in HIV prevalence between uncircumcised and circumcised men is larger among urban than rural men (5 2 percentage points versus 2 1 percentage points) 
HIV prevalence among respondents age 15–49 is 16 9 percent for women and 10 9 percent for men  HIV prevalence rates among women and men age 50–64 are similar (16 7 percent and 16 0 percent, respectively) 
HIV prevalence peaks in the 35–39 age group for both women and men (30 9 percent and 22 6 percent, respectively)  It is lowest among respondents age 15–24 (2 5–6 4 percent for women and 2 0–3 4 percent for men) 
Among respondents age 15–49, HIV prevalence is highest for women and men in Zambezi (30 9 percent and 15 9 percent, respectively) and lowest for women in Omaheke (6 9 percent) and men in Ohangwena (6 6 percent) 
In 76 4 percent of the 1,007 cohabiting couples who were tested for HIV in the 2013 NDHS, both partners were HIV negative; in 10 1 percent of the couples, both partners were HIV positive; and 13 5 percent of the couples were discordant (that is, one partner was infected with HIV and the other was not) As of 2015, the Ministry of Health and Social Services and UNAIDS produced a Progress Report in which UNAIDS projected HIV prevalence among 15–49-year-olds at 13 3% [12 2–14 5%] and an estimated 210,000 [200,000–230,000] living with HIV The malaria problem seems to be compounded by the AIDS epidemic  Research has shown that in Namibia the risk of contracting malaria is 14 5% greater if a person is also infected with HIV  The risk of death from malaria is also raised by approximately 50% with a concurrent HIV infection  The country had only 598 physicians in 2002 

Culture
Sport
The most popular sport in Namibia is association football  The Namibia national football team qualified for the 1998, 2008 and 2019 editions of the Africa Cup of Nations, but has yet to qualify for the World Cup 
The most successful national team is the Namibian rugby team, having competed in six separate World Cups  Namibia were participants in the 1999, 2003, 2007, 2011, 2015 and 2019 Rugby World Cups  Cricket is also popular, with the national side having qualified for 2003 Cricket World Cup, 2021 ICC T20 World Cup and 2022 ICC Men's T20 World Cup  In December 2017, Namibia Cricket reached the final of the Cricket South Africa (CSA) Provincial One Day Challenge for the first time  In February 2018 Namibia hosted the ICC World Cricket League Division 2 with Namibia, Kenya, UAE, Nepal, Canada and Oman to compete for the final two ICC Cricket World Cup Qualifier positions in Zimbabwe  Namibia also qualified the qualifiers of ICC T20 World Cup 2021 and entered the super 12 club The most famous athlete from Namibia is Frankie Fredericks, sprinter in the 100 and 200 m events  He won four Olympic silver medals (1992, 1996) and also has medals from several World Athletics Championships  Golfer Trevor Dodds won the Greater Greensboro Open in 1998, one of 15 tournaments in his career  He achieved a career-high world ranking of 78th in 1998  Professional cyclist and Namibian Road Race champion Dan Craven represented Namibia at the 2016 Summer Olympics in both the road race and individual time trial  Boxer Julius Indongo is the unified WBA, IBF, and IBO world champion in the Light welterweight division  Another famous athlete from Namibia is ex-professional rugby player Jacques Burger  Burger played for Saracens and Aurillac in Europe, as well as gaining 41 caps for the national team 

Media
Although Namibia's population is fairly small, the country has a diverse choice of media; two TV stations, 19 radio stations (without counting community stations), 5 daily newspapers, several weeklies and special publications compete for the attention of the audience  Additionally, a mentionable amount of foreign media, especially South African, is available  Online media are mostly based on print publication contents  Namibia has a state-owned Press Agency, called NAMPA  Overall c  300 journalists work in the country The first newspaper in Namibia was the German-language Windhoeker Anzeiger, founded 1898  During German rule, the newspapers mainly reflected the living reality and the view of the white German-speaking minority  The black majority was ignored or depicted as a threat  During South African rule, the white bias continued, with mentionable influence of the Pretoria government on the South West African media system  Independent newspapers were seen as a menace to the existing order, and critical journalists were often threatened Current daily newspapers are the private publications The Namibian (English and other languages), Die Republikein (Afrikaans), Allgemeine Zeitung (German) and Namibian Sun (English) as well as the state-owned New Era (predominantly English)  Except for the largest newspaper, The Namibian, which is owned by a trust, the other mentioned private newspapers are part of Democratic Media Holdings  Other mentionable newspapers are the tabloid Informanté owned by TrustCo, the weekly Windhoek Observer, the weekly Namibia Economist, as well as the regional Namib Times  Current affairs magazines include Insight Namibia, Vision2030 Focus magazine and Prime FOCUS  The Sister Namibia magazine stands out as the longest running NGO magazine in Namibia, while Namibia Sport is the only national sport magazine  Furthermore, the print market is complemented with party publications, student newspapers and PR publications Radio was introduced in 1969, TV in 1981  The broadcasting sector today is dominated by the state-run Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (NBC)  The public broadcaster offers a TV station as well as a "National Radio" in English and nine language services in locally spoken languages  The nine private radio stations in the country are mainly English-language channels, except for Radio Omulunga (Oshiwambo) and Kosmos 94 1 (Afrikaans) 
Privately held One Africa TV has competed with NBC since the 2000s Compared to neighbouring countries, Namibia has a large degree of media freedom  Over the past years, the country usually ranked in the upper quarter of the Press Freedom Index of Reporters without Borders, reaching position 21 in 2010, being on par with Canada and the best-positioned African country  The African Media Barometer shows similarly positive results  However, as in other countries, there is still mentionable influence of representatives of state and economy on media in Namibia  In 2009, Namibia dropped to position 36 on the Press Freedom Index  In 2013, it was 19th, 22nd in 2014 and 23rd in 2019, meaning that it is currently the highest ranked African country in terms of press freedom 
Media and journalists in Namibia are represented by the Namibian chapter of the Media Institute of Southern Africa and the Editors' Forum of Namibia  An independent media ombudsman was appointed in 2009 to prevent a state-controlled media council 

Education
Namibia has free education for both primary and secondary education levels  Grades 1–7 are primary level, grades 8–12 are secondary  In 1998, there were 400,325 Namibian students in primary school and 115,237 students in secondary schools  The pupil-teacher ratio in 1999 was estimated at 32:1, with about 8% of the GDP being spent on education  Curriculum development, educational research, and professional development of teachers is centrally organised by the National Institute for Educational Development (NIED) in Okahandja  Among sub-Saharan African countries, Namibia has one of the highest literacy rates  According to CIA World Factbook, as of 2018 91 5% of the population age 15 and over can read and write Most schools in Namibia are state-run, but there are some private schools, which are also part of the country's education system  There are four teacher training universities, three colleges of agriculture, a police training college, and three universities: University of Namibia (UNAM), International University of Management (IUM) and Namibia University of Science and Technology (NUST)  Namibia was ranked 100th in the Global Innovation Index in 2021 

See also
Index of Namibia-related articles
Outline of Namibia
Passage 3:
Cargo 360
Cargo 360 was a cargo airline based in Seattle, Washington, USA  It specialised in ACMI (Aircraft, Crew, Maintenance and Insurance) wet lease operations  Its main headquarters was at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport 

History
The airline started operations on 15 May 2006  It was established by H  David Greenberg, and other entrepreneurs  The airline was owned by Oak Hill Capital Partners (86%) and David Greenberg, President and CEO (14%) On July 30, 2007, Oak Hill Capital Partners acquired Southern Air and merged the two airlines into one, giving birth to Southern Air Holdings, Inc  Consequently, Cargo 360 was absorbed into Southern Air in January 2008 and ceased operating under its own colors 
The logo and aircraft livery was designed by Dave and Jackie Greenberg and Chad Hill while with Redorchestra Creative (now defunct) in Chicago, IL 

Destinations
Cargo 360 had an ACMI contract with Korean Air Cargo between Incheon International Airport Incheon, South Korea and multiple destinations within the United States 

Fleet
As of September 2007, the Cargo 360 fleet included:
1 Boeing 747-3B5M(SF) - N301JD
2 Boeing 747-2B5F/SCD - N298JD and N299JD

See also
List of defunct airlines of the United States
Passage 4:
Sleen
Sleen is a village in Drenthe, Netherlands of about 2,500 people  Sleen has been inhabited for centuries  Much ancient history can be found in the area, particularly in the forests (which are planted, though)  At birth and during the Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden (Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (1581–1795))  Sleen became the capital of one of the six “dingspels” (administrative areas) of Drenthe  When Drenthe was recognised as a province, Sleen became a municipality capital, before it merged into the municipality of Coevorden 
Sleen has a 450-year-old church  At about 68 meters, it is the highest church in the entire province  Nowadays, it functions as a Dutch Reformed Church  There is also another Protestant church in the village 
Nowadays, Sleen has its own supermarket (behind the former police station), library,  fish stand (every Wednesday), cafés, a few other shops, hair salons, petrol station, sports park (soccer, tennis, multipurpose indoor complex), horse riding school, houses for the elderly, and other facilities 
There are also two schools: CBS “de Fontein” (Christian primary school) and OBS “de Akker” (public primary school) 
“De Brink” is the “centre” and the old part of the village, with some historic houses and a brick road  This is also where the two churches are, and other facilities like the former municipal centre  New houses were constructed over time, and an area known as “de nieuwbouw” is where the most recently constructed houses can be found 
The famous Pieterpad (a long hiking route that runs from Pieterburen in the north of the country to the St Pietersberg in Maastricht in the south) goes straight through Sleen  The windmill De Hoop has been restored to working order 

Notable people
Joël Voordewind (born 1965), politician
Passage 5:
Ou Reang Ov District
Ou Reang Ov District (Khmer: ស្រុកអូរាំងឪ) is a district (srok) located in Tboung Khmum Province, Cambodia  The district capital is Ou Reang Ov town located around 30 kilometres south of the provincial capital of Kampong Cham by road  Ou Reang Ov lies on the border where Tboung Khmum, Kampong Cham and Prey Veng provinces meet; the town of Prey Veng is only 42 kilometres away by road Prior to 31 December 2013 when Tboung Khmum Province was formed by royal decree, the district was part of Kampong Cham Province  Ou Reang Ov is easily accessed by road from Kampong Cham or Prey Veng town  Ou Reang Ov is a long narrow district located in southern Tboung Khmum  A large rubber plantation covers the northern part of the district  Ou Reang Ov town lies on National Highway 11 which runs from Neak Leung in Prey Veng province to an intersection with National Highway 7 at Thnal Totoung in Tboung Kmom District 

Location
Ou Reang Ov district lies in the southwestern region of Tboung Khmum Province, sharing a border with Prey Veng Province to the south and Kampong Cham to the west  Reading from the north clockwise, Ou Reang Ov borders with Tboung Khmum District to the north and Ponhea Kraek District to the east, while Kanhchriech and Sithor Kandal districts of Prey Veng Province are to the south  Sithor Kandal district continues from the south to wrap around the lower western border of the district and Koh Sotin district of Kampong Cham makes up the remainder of the western border 

Operation Pacific Angel
In 2008, Ou Reang Ov district was home to a humanitarian mission from Operation Pacific Angel  Operation Pacific Angel is a recurring joint/combined humanitarian assistance mission sponsored by United States Pacific Command (USPACOM) designed to bring humanitarian civic assistance and civil-military operations to areas in need in the Pacific region  In May 2008, the first Pacific Angel mission took place  Members of the US Air Force, US Army, and US Marine Corps conducted the twofold mission to Cambodia and Thailand  At the Ou Reang Ov district hospital, medical and dental programs were set up to see patients along with doctors from the Royal Cambodian Armed Forces and the Children’s Surgical Centre  Medical staff provided cost-free general medical care, women's health care, and ophthalmology/optometry care to a total of more than 6,000 people in Kampong Chhnang and what was then part of Kampong Cham 

Administration
The Ou Reang Ov district governor reports to the Governor of Tboung Khmum  The following table shows the villages of Ou Reang Ov district by commune 

Demographics
The district is subdivided into 7 communes (khum) and 141 villages (phum)  According to the 1998 Census, the population of the district was 82,806 persons in 16,940 households in 1998  With a population of over 80,000 people, Ou Reang Ov district has one of the smaller district populations in Tboung Khmum province  The average household size in Ou Reang Ov is 4 9 persons per household, which is slightly lower than the rural average for Cambodia (5 2 persons)  The sex ratio in the district is 90 5%, with significantly more females than males 
Passage 6:
J  P  Hayes
John Patrick "J P " Hayes (born August 2, 1965) is an American professional golfer 

Early life
Hayes was born and raised in Appleton, Wisconsin  He attended the University of Texas at El Paso, where he was a member of the golf team  He majored in marketing and graduated in 1988  In 1989, he turned professional 

Career
Hayes began play on the PGA Tour in 1992 after earning his tour card at qualifying school (Q school)  He failed to finish high enough on the money list to retain his card and played on the Nike Tour (now Web com Tour) in 1993 and 1994  He again gained a PGA Tour card for the 1995 season through Q school but failed to keep it  Playing the Nike Tour again in 1996, he won the Nike Miami Valley Open and finished 14th on the money list  He finished 13th at Q school to earn his 1997 PGA Tour card  He has played that tour ever since, returning to Q school in 1997 and 2004 Hayes has won twice on the PGA Tour: the 1998 Buick Classic and the 2002 John Deere Classic Hayes disqualified himself in a Q-school qualifying event in November 2008 for mistakenly using a non-regulation ball for two strokes  He still managed to make 15 starts in 2009 through past champion status and sponsor invites  He returned to the PGA Tour in 2010 after finishing tied for 8th in the 2009 Q school  He retained his tour card after finishing 113th on the Tour A knee injury and wrist surgery halted Hayes' career in 2012  He was a motivation speaker for the Cedarburg High School boys' golf team that won the 2013 Wisconsin Division I state title, led by a high school teammate of Hayes  Hayes planned to return to competitive golf in 2014 to prepare for the Champions Tour  Hayes has not played a PGA Tour-sanctioned event since 2012 

Professional wins (3)
PGA Tour wins (2)
*Note: The 1998 Buick Classic was shortened to 54 holes due to weather 
PGA Tour playoff record (1–0)

Nike Tour wins (1)
Results in major championships
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied

Results in The Players Championship
CUT = missed the halfway cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place

See also
1991 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
1994 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
1996 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
1997 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
2004 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
2009 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
Passage 7:
Pulaski High School
Pulaski High School is a public high school in Pulaski, Wisconsin, United States, in Brown County (school district also serves parts of Shawano, Outagamie and Oconto counties), that serves students in grades 9 through 12   Its mascot is the Red Raider 

History
The original school was built in 1909, with additions throughout the next five decades  In 1975, the high school took over an existing school along with other additions, most notably an indoor swimming pool  Another new building was built in 1998 due to a rapidly growing population 

Academics
Pulaski offers Advanced Placement classes  The student to teacher ratio is 18 to 1 

Demographics
Over 90 percent of the student body is Caucasian, while 2 9 percent are American Indian, 2 5 percent are Hispanic, 1 4 percent are African American and 1 0 percent are Asian  The school is split 51/49 male to female, while just over 22 percent of the school is eligible for free or reduced lunch 

Athletics
State championships
Boys' Basketball: 2013
Wrestling: 1969, 1974, 1993 (all runner-up)
Football: 1980 (runner-up)
Softball: 1996 (runner-up)
Cross Country: 2004 (runner-up)
Rugby: 2009, 2010, 2014, 2015, 2018Pulaski has also had a number of individual state champions 
In 2016, Pulaski citizens privately funded a $4 9 million athletic expansion project, including a new football stadium, track, baseball and softball fields, as well as expanding the tennis facilities 

Incident involving Mike McCarthy
On February 27, 2019, the school became the center of attention during a basketball game against Notre Dame Academy after former Green Bay Packers head coach Mike McCarthy was berating officials during the game  A complaint was submitted to the Wisconsin Interscholastic Athletic Association following the incident  McCarthy's behavior was criticized as "unacceptable" from the Notre Dame Academy and Pulaski athletic director Janet Batten  A day later, McCarthy apologized for the incident 

Music
The Red Raider Marching Band performed in the 2007, 2012, and 2017 Rose Parades and in the 2003 Macy's Thanksgiving Day Parade in New York City 

Notable alumni
Jacqui Banaszynski, Pulitzer Prize-winning writer
Jeremy Borseth, NFL punter
Carey Lohrenz, F-14 Tomcat pilot
Neil Worden, NFL fullback
Passage 8:
John C  Petersen
John C  Petersen (November 2, 1842 – July 10, 1887) was an American butcher and farmer from Appleton, Wisconsin who served as a member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from Outagamie County  He was elected in 1878 as a Greenbacker, and was re-elected the next year as a "Greenback Democrat" (even though he was opposed by a Democrat) 

Background
Petersen was born in Glückstadt, Holstein-Glückstadt (now part of Germany but then ruled by the Kings of Denmark) on November 2, 1842  He received a common school education, and became a butcher by occupation  Petersen came to Wisconsin in 1862, and settled in Appleton, where he was elected to various township offices  

Public office
Petersen was elected to the assembly for 1879 from Outagamie County's 1st Assembly district (The City of Appleton, and the Towns of Buchanan, Center, Freedom, Grand Chute and Kaukauna), receiving 1,096 votes against 1,000 for Republican B  T  Rogers (Rep ), and 423 for incumbent William Smith Warner (who had been elected as an "Independent Democrat" but was now the Democratic nominee)  He was assigned to the standing committee on public improvements He was re-elected for 1880 by 963 votes, against 779 for D  J  Brothers, a Democrat, and 434 for P  P  Wing, a Republican  Even though he was re-elected running against a Democrat, he is listed in the 1880 Wisconsin Blue Book as a "Greenback Democrat": there were 71 Republicans, 27 Democrats, Petersen (listed separately as "Greenback Democrat") and one Greenback (David Bean) listed in the Assembly roster for that year  He remained on the public improvements committee  Petersen was not a candidate for re-election for 1881, and was succeeded by Democrat Henry Clay Sloan 

Personal life
Petersen married Wilhelmina "Minnie" Freiberg, born in Stettin, Pomerania in 1849; they were the parents of five children  Petersen was in the butcher business at Appleton for about twenty-five years, then moved to a farm in Grand Chute township which he operated until his retirement, and then returned to Appleton, where he died on July 10, 1887  His widow survived him, living until 1932  They are buried at Riverside Cemetery in Appleton 
Passage 9:
Sinzongo
Sinzongo is a village in the Lobaye region in the Central African Republic southwest of the capital, Bangui and near the border with the Democratic Republic of the Congo 
Nearby towns and villages include Pissa, (1 4 nm), Boali (1 4 nm), Boyama (2 2 nm), Seoundou (8 2 nm), Boundara (8 0 nm) and Ancien Bakani (11 3 nm) 
Passage 10:
Jerome Quinn
Jerome Quinn (May 23, 1908 – February 29, 2008) was a Wisconsin politician and realtor Born in Green Bay, Wisconsin, Quinn was a realtor and served on the Green Bay Common Council, the Brown County, Wisconsin Board of Supervisors, the local Board of Education, and the Wisconsin State Assembly from 1955 until 1973  He was a Republican 



ground_truth: Fair Trade Services

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the seat of the county sharing a border with the county in which J. P. Hayes was born?

The following are given passages.
Context 4:  Van Halen's management at the time asked for a flat fee (credited in some reports to be US$5,000) as payment to have the song sampled by Tone Lōc  Apparently, the sampling decision was made without consulting the band's original members (credited as co-authors of the song)  They had no idea "Wild Thing" would become a major hit  A subsequent civil lawsuit was settled out of court, with Van Halen receiving US$180,000 as settlement payment  Alex Van Halen has said that he had heard partially "Wild Thing" over the radio and didn't realize his song had been sampled until he recognized his (by now famous) tom-tom break at least a few times  Concerning the settlement, he said: "Well, at least we got something  Tone Lōc and his people made millions out of it   "

Music video
A music video directed by Tamra Davis was made for the song at a reported cost of  $500, copying the style of Robert Palmer's "Addicted to Love " Mini-skirted women play guitars next to Tone Lōc; the video was frequently shown on MTV  The leading lady in the video is played by actress Tracy Camilla Johns 

Peaches remix
"Wild Thing (Peaches Remix)" is a version of Tone Lōc's "Wild Thing"  The song features vocals by Tone Lōc and Peaches herself  This remix was made to celebrate Delicious Vinyl's 20th anniversary  It peaked at No  4 on the U S  Billboard Hot Dance Singles Sales 

Music video
The music video for "Wild Thing Remix" shows Peaches and Tone Lōc performing live at Avalon during the celebration of the 20th anniversary of Delicious Vinyl 

Uses in popular culture
"Wild Thing" was used in the 1989 film Uncle Buck (starring John Candy) during the scene when the titular character goes to the school of his nephew and niece to talk to the principal 
In 1991, figure skater Tonya Harding used the track of "Wild Thing" in the last third of her free skate to win the U S  Figure Skating Championships 
In the 2000 film Bedazzled, the song is used when Brendan Fraser's character, Elliot, first meets the Devil, played by Liz Hurley 
In Charlie's Angels: Full Throttle (2003), the song is used to soundtrack the scene in which Cameron Diaz's character, Natalie, rides a mechanical bull 
In Taxi (2004), Gisele Bunchen's character Vanessa is introduced by the song walking out of a building with her female henchmen as they prepare for another bank robbery 
The song is also heard, in much-edited form, in the 2016 film The Angry Birds Movie 
In 1989, the song was used in the Season One episode of the TV series Midnight Caller entitled "The Fall"  Also in 1989, the song was used in the pilot episode of Doogie Howser, M D   
In 2012, Bob Sinclar and Snoop Dogg made an electro house cover 

Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Passage 13:
Foolin' Myself
Foolin' Myself is an album of trio performances by the American jazz pianist Jaki Byard recorded in 1988 and released on the Italian Soul Note label 

Reception
The Allmusic review by Ken Dryden awarded the album 2+1⁄2 stars, stating "While the pianist's technique is impressive as always, his songs are not as strong as on many of his other releases" 

Track listing
All compositions by Jaki Byard except as indicated"Suite 27: Waterfalls, Highways, Skyways, Waterways" - 5:11
"Oslo to Kristiansund to Malmo" - 3:10
"Searchlight No  2" - 9:22
"Stage I / Stage II" - 4:17
"Breath" (Ralph Hamperian) - 8:27
"Foolin' Myself" (Jack Lawrence, Peter Tinturin) - 3:50
"Land of Love" - 6:36Recorded at Sound Ideas Studios in New York City on August 25, 1988

Personnel
Jaki Byard – piano
Ralph Hamperian - bass
Richard Allen - drums
Passage 14:
All Your Faded Things
All Your Faded Things is an album released by Anna Oxygen on July 22, 2003 under the Cold Crush Records label  It was produced by Justin Trosper 

Critical reception
Wrote MacKenzie Wilson of Allmusic in a review for the album, Oxygen is "enjoyably cheeky in delivering her own dance-pop formula " Calling the album synthpop, the review also praised the "minimalist approach" of the production, which led to a "fluid, full sound well-suited for both dance and indie rock fans " Also, "she adds a bit of sauce to the new-millennium electroclash stage and celebrates the delicious design of classic new wave "

Track listing
"Baby Blue" – 2:49
"Red Horse Cafe" – 2:56
"Psychedelic Dance Party" – 1:49
"Aviva" – 2:01
"Scientist" – 2:22
"Mine All Mine" – 1:32
"Loose to the Tight" – 2:15
"Spectacle" – 2:50
"Nerve Angels Two" – 2:15
"Primary Colors" – 1:32
"Painted Yellow Crown" – 2:19
"Man on the Screen" – 2:10
"Nerve Angels Three" – 1:49
"Ponytails" – 3:17
Passage 15:
The Real Thing (Dizzy Gillespie album)
The Real Thing is an album by American jazz trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie featuring James Moody recorded in 1969 and originally released on the Perception label 

Track listing
All compositions by Mike Longo except as indicated

"N'Bani" (Dizzy Gillespie) - 4:05
"Matrix" - 4:04
"Alligator" - 5:06
"Closer" [vocal] / "Closer" [instrumental] (George Davis) - 3:17
"Soul Kiss" - 4:07
"High on a Cloud" (Fred Norman, Cliff Owens) - 3:20
"Summertime" (George Gershwin) - 3:46
"Let Me Outta Here" - 5:13
"Ding-A-Ling" - 5:03

Personnel
Dizzy Gillespie - trumpet
James Moody - tenor saxophone (tracks 1, 5-8 & 10)
Eric Gale (tracks 1, 6, 7 & 10), George Davis (tracks 2-5, 8 & 9) - guitar
Mike Longo - piano
Nate Edmonds - organ (track 6)
Chuck Rainey (track 6), Phil Upchurch (tracks 2-4, 7 & 8) - electric bass
Paul West - bass (tracks 1, 5, 7 & 10)
Otis "Candy" Finch (track 1, 7 & 10), David Lee (tracks 2-5, 8 & 9), Bernard Purdie (track 6) - drums
Passage 16:
Something Personal
Something Personal is an album by American jazz pianist Jack Wilson featuring performances recorded and released on the Blue Note label in 1967 

Reception
The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 4½ stars and stated "this album is an excellent showcase for the often-overlooked Jack Wilson" 

Track listing
All compositions by Jack Wilson except as indicated"Most Unsoulful Woman" - 6:53
"The Sphinx" (Ornette Coleman) - 5:07
"Shosh" - (Blues in F) 8:59
"Serenata" (Leroy Anderson) - 6:58
"Harbor Freeway 5 P M " - 7:12
"C F D " - 4:58
"One and Four" [aka  "Mr  Day"] (John Coltrane) - 4:51 Bonus track on CD reissueRecorded  on August 9 (4, 6-7) and August 10 (1-3, 5), 1966 

Personnel
Jack Wilson - piano
Roy Ayers - vibes
Ray Brown - bass (#3-6), cello (#1-2)
Charles 'Buster' Williams - bass (#1-2)
Varney Barlow - drums
Passage 17:
This Is an Exercise
This Is an Exercise is an album by experimental electropop artist Anna Oxygen, released in 2006 on Kill Rock Stars  Allmusic described the album as "just as fascinating as it is chilly and alienating  In her songs, Oxygen explores some of the same issues of authenticity, creation, and consumption that Tracy + the Plastics do, but with a sci-fi/fantasy bent "

Production and release
Oxygen composed the album herself, also handling piano, primary vocals, and sequencing  It also featured Melissa Collins on cello, Andy Gertz on accordion, and guest vocalists Kitty Jenson, Mirah Yom Tov Zeitlyn & Ginger Takahashi  Portland artist Jona Bechtolt helped Oxygen with the cover art  It was released on February 21, 2006 on Kill Rock Stars 

Critical reception
The album met with a mixed reception, with a number of reviewers writing about the album with acclaim  In a positive review for the Phoenix New Times, Ray Cummings called the album "dancey " About Oxygen's vocals, Cummings wrote that "Huff's voice recalls Linda Perry's    at its lightest, it's diva-in-training delightful  In either mode, her pipes are a perfect contrast to the rhythmically ebullient programmed synths and beats supporting them - backdrops coursing, playful, robotic, and pop basic "In a positive review for Allmusic, Heather Phares called the album "a darker, more dramatic, and more polished affair than All Your Faded Things," also describing it as "just as fascinating as it is chilly and alienating  In her songs, Oxygen explores some of the same issues of authenticity, creation, and consumption that Tracy + the Plastics do, but with a sci-fi/fantasy bent " Phares gave the album 3 5/5 stars, also stating that "on This Is an Exercise, Anna Oxygen excels at creating a unique, sometimes disturbing sonic world with an almost-palpable sense of atmosphere "

Track listing
"Fairy Quest" – 2:59
"Fake Pajamas" – 2:41
"Dream  Dream  Dreams " – 2:26
"March of Human" – 1:40
"Hypertension" – 3:25
"R R N " – 2:23
"Mechanical Fish" – 2:51
"Walk" – 2:53
"Psychic Rainbow" – 2:13
"Willow Song" – 4:08
"This Is   " – 2:27
"Hold You" – 2:17

Personnel
Anna Oxygen - Composer, Cover Art, Layout Design, Piano, Primary Artist, Sequencing
Melissa Collins - Cello
Andy Gertz - Accordion
Kitty Jenson - Vocals
Mirah Yom Tov Zeitlyn & Ginger Takahashi - vocals
Jona Bechtolt - Cover Art, Layout Design
Passage 18:
Crystal (Ahmad Jamal album)
Crystal is an album by American jazz pianist Ahmad Jamal featuring performances recorded in 1987 and released on the Atlantic label 

Critical reception
In an Allmusic review by Scott Yanow states "There are some magical moments on this quartet set    Jamal's control of dynamics and inventive use of space proved to be as effective as it had been when he first made his mark in the 1950s, although his chord voicings and general style had evolved  Jamal and his group perform ten of his originals with taste, swing and subtle surprises" 

Track listing
All compositions by Ahmad Jamal

"Quest for Light" – 4:48
"Arabesque" – 4:48
"Avo" – 7:04
"Piano Solo" – 1:57
"For My Daughter" – 3:34
"Perugia" – 3:57
"The Last Day" – 6:00
"Crystal" – 4:58
"Swahililand" – 4:08
"The Canteen" – 3:08

Personnel
Ahmad Jamal – piano
James Cammack – bass
David Bowler – drums
Willie White – percussion
Passage 19:
Jazz Contemporary
Jazz Contemporary is an album by American jazz trumpeter Kenny Dorham featuring performances recorded in 1960 and released on the Time label  The album features the recording debut of pianist Steve Kuhn 

Reception
The Allmusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 2½ stars and stated "The results are not quite essential but everyone plays up to par    It's fine hard bop, the modern mainstream music of the period" 

Track listing
All compositions by Kenny Dorham except as indicated"A Waltz" - 5:34
"Monk's Mood" (Thelonious Monk) - 8:09
"In Your Own Sweet Way" (Dave Brubeck) - 8:01
"Horn Salute" - 8:27
"Tonica" - 2:57
"This Love of Mine" (Sol Parker, Henry W  Sanicola Jr , Frank Sinatra) - 6:49Bonus tracks on CD reissue:

"Sign Off" - 5:29
"A Waltz" [alternate take] - 5:36
"Monk's Mood" [alternate take] (Monk) - 2:53
"This Love of Mine" [alternate take] (Parker, Sanicola, Sinatra) - 7:55Recorded on February 11 (tracks 2, 3, 7, 8, 10) and February 12, 1960 (tracks 1, 4-6, 9) 

Personnel
Kenny Dorham - trumpet
Charles Davis - baritone saxophone
Steve Kuhn - piano
Jimmy Garrison (tracks 2, 3, 7, 8 & 10), Butch Warren (tracks 1, 4-6 & 9)  - bass
Buddy Enlow - drums
Passage 20:
Tijuana Jazz
Tijuana Jazz is an album by American jazz vibraphonist Gary McFarland and trumpeter Clark Terry featuring performances recorded in 1965 for the Impulse! label  The album was also released in the UK on the HMV label as CLP3541 

Reception
The AllMusic review by Scott Yanow awarded the album 3 stars stating: "McFarland's arrangements are fine, but the solos are quite short, and the Mexican-flavored music is not particularly memorable  A blown opportunity" 

Track listing
All compositions by Gary McFarland except as indicated"South of the Border" (Jimmy Kennedy, Michael Carr) - 2:06
"Acapulco at Night" - 2:52
"Fantastic, That's You" (George Cates, George Douglas) - 2:54
"Limehouse Blues" (Philip Braham, Douglas Furber) - 3:37
"Tijuana" (Cates, Douglas) - 2:09
"Marcheta" (Victor Schertzinger) - 2:55
"Granny's Samba" - 3:30
"Soul Bird (Tin Tin Deo)" (Gil Fuller, Chano Pozo) - 4:01
"Mexicali Rose" (Jack Tenney, Helen Stone) - 2:27
"Ira Schwartz's Golden Dream" - 3:32
"Mary Jane" - 3:05
"Sweet Georgia Brown" (Ben Bernie, Kenneth Casey, Maceo Pinkard) - 2:06Recorded in New York City on December 3, 1965 (tracks 1, 2, 6 & 9), December 6, 1965 (tracks 4, 8, 11 & 12), and December 7, 1965 (tracks 3, 5, 7 & 10)

Personnel
Gary McFarland – marimba, electric piano
Joe Newman, Clark Terry - trumpet, flugelhorn
Bob Brookmeyer – valve trombone
Toots Thielemans - harmonica, guitar
Barry Galbraith - guitar
Bob Bushnell – electric bass
Mel Lewis, Grady Tate – drums



ground_truth: Green Bay