prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who wrote the song turn me on that is performed by performer of Feelin' the Same Way?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
I'm Feelin' U
"I'm Feelin' U" is a 2007 song by the musician CeCe Peniston  The song was originally released in February on the partially mixed dance compilation Miami 2007, a part of Defected In The House series, that featured overall thirty-eight tracks by various artists and was issued on ITH Records 
In May 2007, "I'm Feelin' U" was released also on single on Soulfuric Recordings with four remixes, of which one was produced also by Ron Carroll  The rest three were mixed by DJ Fudge and Brian Tappert 
The title was available also in a digital format, as a virtual single for a direct download, and became the tenth most downloaded track of 2007 at Traxsource, an independent dance music digital downloads site in USA 

Credits and personnel
CeCe Peniston – lead vocal, writer
Ron Carroll – writer, remix, producer
Stéphane Juif (aka DJ Fudge) – remix, arranger, producer
Brian Tappert – remix, keyboards, drums, additional programming
Matt Hennessy – engineer
Rob "Diggy" Morrison – additional keyboards
Alex Finkine – guitar
Kris Anderson – recording vocals

Track listings
12", US, #SFR 0033"I'm Feelin' U" (Ron Carroll's Original BMC Vocal) – 7:23
"I'm Feelin' U" (B Room Dub) – 6:10
"I'm Feelin' U" (Fudge Main Remix) – 6:17
"I'm Feelin' U" (Subsonic Fudge Dub) – 5:56MD, US, #SFR0033
MCD, US, TP, #SFR0033"I'm Feelin' U" (Ron Carroll's Original BMC Vocal) – 7:23
"I'm Feelin' U" (Fudge Main Remix) – 6:17
"I'm Feelin' U" (Subsonic Fudge Dub) – 5:56
"I'm Feelin' U" (B Room Dub) – 6:10
Passage 2:
The Goodies
The Goodies were a trio of British comedians: Tim Brooke-Taylor (17 July 1940–12 April 2020), Graeme Garden (b  18 February 1943) and Bill Oddie (b  7 July 1941)  The trio created, wrote for and performed in their eponymous television comedy show from 1970 until 1982, combining sketches and situation comedy 

Beginnings
The three actors met each other while undergraduates at the University of Cambridge, where Brooke-Taylor (Pembroke) was a law student, Garden (Emmanuel) was studying medicine and Oddie (Pembroke) was reading English  Their contemporaries included Graham Chapman, John Cleese and Eric Idle, who later became members of Monty Python, and with whom they became close friends  Brooke-Taylor and Cleese studied together and swapped lecture notes, for they were both law students, but at different colleges within the university  All three Goodies became members of the Cambridge University Footlights Club, with Brooke-Taylor becoming president in 1963, and Garden succeeding him as president in 1964 In 1965, Eric Idle succeeded Garden as Footlights Club president  Idle had initially become aware of the Footlights when he auditioned for a "smoker concert" at Pembroke College in front of Brooke-Taylor and Oddie 

Career before The Goodies
Brooke-Taylor, Garden and Oddie were cast members of the 1960s BBC radio comedy show I'm Sorry, I'll Read That Again, which also featured John Cleese, David Hatch and Jo Kendall, and lasted until 1973   I'm Sorry, I'll Read That Again resulted from the 1963 Cambridge University Footlights Club revue A Clump of Plinths  After having its title changed to Cambridge Circus, the revue went on to play in the West End in London, England, followed by a tour of New Zealand, then on Broadway in New York City (including an appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show) 
They also took part in various TV shows with other people, including Brooke-Taylor in At Last the 1948 Show (with Cleese, Chapman and Marty Feldman)  Brooke-Taylor also took part in Marty (with Marty Feldman, John Junkin and Roland MacLeod)  In 1968 Brooke-Taylor appeared with Cleese, Michael Palin and Graham Chapman in How to Irritate People  Garden and Oddie took part in Twice a Fortnight (with Michael Palin, Terry Jones and Jonathan Lynn), before Brooke-Taylor, Garden, and Oddie worked on the late-1960s TV show Broaden Your Mind (of which only about ten minutes survives) 

The Goodies television series
The original BBC television series ran from November 1970 to February 1980 on BBC 2, with 67 half-hour episodes and two forty-five-minute Christmas specials  The series was created by Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden and Bill Oddie, and originally co-written by all three, with Oddie providing the music for the show  Later episodes were co-written by Garden and Oddie 
It was one of the first shows in the UK to use chroma key and one of the first to use stop-motion techniques in a live action format  Other effects include hand editing for repeated movement, mainly used to make animals "talk" or "sing", and play speed effects as used in the episode "Kitten Kong"  In the series, the threesome travelled on, and frequently fell off, a three-seater bicycle known to them as a 'trandem' In September 1978, the trio appeared in character in an episode of the BBC1 television game show Star Turn Challenge, presented by Bernard Cribbins, in which teams of celebrities competed in acting games  Their opponents were three members of the cast of The Liver Birds, Nerys Hughes, Elizabeth Estensen and Michael Angelis  They also presented the Christmas 1976 edition of Disney Time from the toy department of Selfridges store in London, broadcast on BBC1 on Boxing Day at 5 50 pm 
The Goodies never had a formal contract with the BBC, and when the BBC Light Entertainment budget for 1980 was exhausted by the production of The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy TV series, the Goodies signed a contract with London Weekend Television (LWT) for ITV  However, after one half-hour Christmas special ("Snow White 2") in 1981, and a six-part series in early 1982, the series was cancelled  In later interviews the cast suggest the reasons were mainly economic, and that a typical Goodies sketch was more expensive than it appeared 

DVD and VHS releases
Awards and nominations
"The Goodies" won the Silver Rose at the Festival Rose d'Or, held in Montreux, Switzerland, in 1972 for a special episode, based on the original 1971 Goodies' "Kitten Kong" episode, titled "Kitten Kong: Montreux '72 Edition"  In the first episode of the next series, "The New Office", Tim Brooke-Taylor can be seen painting the trophy gold 
"The Goodies" was nominated for a BAFTA for Best Light Entertainment Programme in 1972, losing to The Benny Hill Show "The Goodies" won the Silver Rose in 1975 at the Festival Rose d'Or for their episode "The Movies" "The Goodies" was nominated for a BAFTA for Best Light Entertainment Programme in 1976, losing to The Two Ronnies 

International releases and repeats of the TV series
Britain
Unlike many long-running BBC comedy series, The Goodies has not enjoyed extensive repeats on terrestrial television in the UK  In 1986, BBC2 broadcast the episode "Kitten Kong" during a week of programmes screened under the banner "TV-50", when the BBC celebrated 50 years of broadcasting  In the late 1980s the pan-European satellite-channel Super Channel broadcast a couple of episodes, and the short-lived Comedy Channel broadcast some of the later Goodies episodes in the early 1990s  Later UK Gold screened many of the earlier episodes, often with commercial timing cuts  The same episodes subsequently aired on UK Arena, also cut  When UK Arena became UK Drama, later UKTV Drama, The Goodies was dropped along with its other comedy and documentary shows 
The cast finally took matters into their own hands and arranged with Network Video for the release of a digitally-remastered 'best of' selection entitled The Goodies     At Last on VHS and Region 0 DVD in April 2003  A second volume, The Goodies     At Last a Second Helping was released on Region 2 in February 2005  Series 9 (including the Xmas special) was released on Region 2 as The Goodies – The Complete LWT Series on 26 March 2007 and a fourth volume The Goodies     At Last Back for More, Again was released on region 2 in 2010 as well as a DVD box set containing all four volumes to celebrate 40 years of The Goodies 
In 2004, an episode of the BBC documentary series Comedy Connections was devoted to the Goodies  During Christmas that year, Channel 5 repeated the classic 1973 episode "The Goodies and the Beanstalk"   Christmas 2005 saw a 90-minute Goodies special, a documentary about the series, Return of the Goodies, broadcast on BBC Two Early in 2006, a single episode ("Winter Olympics") was broadcast on BBC Two  In February 2007, the 1982 LWT series was repeated on pay-TV channel Paramount 2 
In December 2010, BBC Two showed selected late-night repeats of the BBC series, which ran nightly from 23 to 30 December  This apparent gesture followed years of campaigning by The Goodies that the shows had not been repeated like other BBC shows such as Dad's Army, Only Fools and Horses and Some Mothers Do 'Ave 'Em  The episodes shown were: "Bunfight at the O K  Tea Rooms" / "Earthanasia" / "The Goodies and the Beanstalk" / "Kitten Kong" / "Lighthouse Keeping Loonies" / "Saturday Night Grease" / "The Baddies" (a k a  "Double Trouble") and "The Stone Age", although "Scoutrageous", "Kung Fu Kapers" and "Scotland" (a k a  "Loch Ness Monster") were originally billed as episodes 1, 2 and 7 of the repeat run  The episodes garnered good ratings given their time slot, and the first six episodes were taken from the BBC's own master tapes, rather than the digital remasters, the rights to which are currently owned by Network Video  "The Baddies" and "The Stone Age" have never been digitally remastered 
On Sunday 8 June 2014, during a 1970s weekend, BBC Two repeated the Montreux '72 Edition of "Kitten Kong" once again; however, this has been the only episode to be repeated twice, and no full series have been repeated since 
In September 2018, Network released a box set titled The Goodies: The Complete BBC Collection  This set contains every single episode from 1970-1980 (excepting the lost, original version of "Kitten Kong") and, as a bonus feature, a one-hour edit of the show "An Audience with the Goodies", hosted by Stewart Lee and filmed live at Leicester Square in June 2018 
In late September 2022 the TV channel 'That's TV' (numbered 183 on SKY TV listings and 65 on Freeview) started showing the BBC episodes, one episode every day, starting with series one episode one on 26th September at 21 40  Series 2 started airing at 21 45 on October 5th  Series 3 started airing at 21:40 on October 11th  Series 4 started airing at 21:30 on October 17th  Series 5 started airing at 21:30 on October 24th  Series 6 started airing at 21:30 on November 6th  Some episodes are being aired in poor quality and/or black & White as the tapes were sadly wiped for reuse by the BBC in the 1970s  Although there is a message before each episode stating; 'This programme reflects the standards, language and attitudes of its time  Some viewers may find this content offensive', it seems that not all episodes are being aired - noticeably the 'Kitten Kong', 'Special Tax Edition' & 	'The Goodies Rule – O K ?' specials, but also series 2 episodes 'Pollution', 'The Lost Tribe', 'Come Dancing', 'Gender Education, 'Charity Bounce' & 'The Baddies', series 3 episode 'Superstar', series 4 episodes 'The Goodies and the Beanstalk' & 'The Race', series 5 episodes 'Scatty Safari' & 'South Africa' were not aired, with no notice or reason given 

Australia
In Australia, the series has had continued popularity  It was especially popular when it was repeated through the 1970s and 1980s by the ABC  As the show was typically broadcast in the 25-minute 6:00 pm children's timeslot, portions often had to be cut  The 1981-82 LWT series was played once on the Seven Network in the early 1980s  The ABC screened the BBC episodes again in the early 1990s, but skipped several stories due to either inappropriate material for a children's timeslot, or a lack of colour prints at the time  The BBC episodes were then heavily edited to allow time for commercials when repeated on Network Ten in the 1990s, before moving to the pay television channel UK TV during the late 1990s and early 2000s, where they were screened in full  ABC2  ran re-runs of the series, beginning in 2010 
Three of the Goodies DVDs are available in Australia under different titles to the UK releases: The Goodies: 8 Delicious Episodes, The Goodies: A Tasty Second Helping and The Goodies: The Final Episodes, respectively  The Goodies' DVDs are also available in a boxed set with a commemorative booklet (The Goodies: The Tasty Box)  This collection contains the same 16 episodes as the original two DVD releases but with additional material such as commentaries on several episodes and the original scripts of some episodes in PDF format  Picture quality has been greatly improved using digital restoration techniques and the episode "Come Dancing", which was originally thought to only have survived as a black-and-white film recording, is presented in colour from a 625-line low-band broadcast standard PAL VT recording, made for training purposes, which has had the low-level colour boosted  (The original Australian DVD release, The Goodies – A Tasty Second Helping (2 disc set), and The Goodies – A Second Helping: 4 tasty serves (1 Disc), featured the b/w telerecording of this episode )

Canada
In Canada, the series was shown in on the CBC national broadcast network during the late 1970s and early 1980s, in the traditional "after school" time slot, later a Friday night 10 pm slot, and occasionally in a midnight slot  Several episodes were also shown on the CTV Television Network  In the mid-1970s it was shown on TVOntario on Saturday evenings, repeated on Thursday evenings, until it was replaced by Doctor Who in 1976 

Germany
In Germany in 1972, German TV screened the 13-part variety show Engelbert and the Young Generation, a co-production between the BBC and German station ZDF in which The Goodies appeared in short 3-to-4-minute film sequences  The first six of these sequences were culled from the first and second series of The Goodies: "Pets" (from "Kitten Kong"), "Pop Festival" (from "The Music Lovers"), "Keep Fit" (from "Commonwealth Games"), "Post Office" (from "Radio Goodies"), "Sleepwalking" (from "Snooze") and "Factory Farm" (from "Fresh Farm Foods"); and there were seven new film sequences, "Good Deed Day", "The Gym", "The Country Code", "Street Entertainers", "Plum Pudding", "Bodyguards" and "Pan's Grannies" – these also featured intro sequences with host Engelbert Humperdinck visiting the Goodies at their office  The shows were dubbed into German and because the Goodies part of the shows was more visual than dialogue-based, it translated very well 
Five of these new films were also cut together, with a new story involving The Goodies filling out their "Tax Evasion" form, as a special 25-minute Goodies compilation episode, "A Collection of Goodies", first broadcast on BBC1 at 8 15 pm on 24 September 1972, and produced by Jim Franklin  "The Country Code" and "Bodyguards" were not used 

New Zealand
In New Zealand, the series was originally shown in full by the NZBC (later TV One) during the 1970s and 1980s  Since then, it has been re-run on SKY Network Television's Comedy Central 

Spain
In Spain, a couple of episodes of The Goodies were shown as part of a season of television-award-winning programmes (the Goodies were Montreux Festival winners) on TVE 2 entitled Festival TV in 1981 

United States
In the US, the series was shown widely in syndication during the late 1970s and early 1980s, but has been little seen since  It was shown also on PBS stations, sometimes in tandem with Monty Python's Flying Circus 

Books
Goodies books, written by the Goodies
In their heyday The Goodies also produced successful books:

The Goodies File – Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden and Bill Oddie, Sphere Books Ltd , London 1975  (This book was reprinted eight times between 1976 and 1981)
The Goodies Book of Criminal Records – Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden and Bill Oddie, Sphere Books Ltd , London 1975
The Making of The Goodies Disaster Movie – Tim Brooke-Taylor, Graeme Garden and Bill Oddie, Weidenfeld & Nicolson Ltd , London 1977   (First Sphere Books Ltd , London edition 1978)

Books about the Goodies, written by other people
The Complete Goodies – Robert Ross, B T Batsford, London, 2000
The Goodies Rule OK – Robert Ross, Carlton Books Ltd, Sydney, 2006
The Clue Bible: The Fully Authorised History of ISIHAC – Jem Roberts, Preface Publishing 2009
The Goodies Superchaps Three – Andrew Pixley, 2011
The Goodies Episode Summaries – Brett Allender
The Goodies – Fact File – Matthew K  Sharp
The Goodies, the name of a chapter (pages 162-179) within the book From Fringe to Flying Circus – Celebrating a Unique Generation of Comedy 1960-1980 – Roger Wilmut, Eyre Methuen Ltd, 1980

Goodies songs
"All Things Bright and Beautiful" was released as a single credited to The Goodies in 1973, although it had been recorded in 1966 when they were part of I'm Sorry, I'll Read That Again 
The first true Goodies album, The Goodies Sing Songs From The Goodies, was released in 1973 and reissued as The World of the Goodies in 1974  "The Goodies Theme" was released as a single in 1973 
They had a string of successful chart singles penned by Bill Oddie  In 1974–75, they chalked up five hit singles in twelve months: "The Inbetweenies", "Black Pudding Bertha", "Nappy Love" and "The Funky Gibbon" (all performed during the episode "The Goodies – Almost Live"), and "Make a Daft Noise for Christmas" 
"The Funky Gibbon" was their biggest hit, reached number 4 in the UK Singles Chart  The Goodies made an appearance on Top of the Pops with the song  They also performed it during the Amnesty International show A Poke in the Eye (with a Sharp Stick)  "The Funky Gibbon" became a favourite in the United States on Dr  Demento's radio shows and reached number 79 on the Billboard Hot 100 in 1975 
The New Goodies LP, which featured most of the hit singles, reached number 25 on the UK Albums Chart in 1975 

Goodies Theme
Three variations of the Goodies Theme were used on the opening titles for the 1970–1982 television series  Apart from the original Goodies Theme, used from 1970–1972 and released as a single, two other variations surfaced, one, with a contemporary feel from 1973–1974, sung by Bill and then the third and final theme for the rest of the series from 1975 onwards, again sung by Bill  This variation lasted for the rest of the TV series and also surfaced on later Goodies LPs and, eventually, singles 

Other collaborations
Tim Brooke-Taylor was a writer/performer on the television comedy series At Last the 1948 Show (which also included John Cleese, Graham Chapman and Marty Feldman in the cast), in which Eric Idle and Bill Oddie guest-starred in some of the episodes  The famous "Four Yorkshiremen" sketch was co-written by the four writers/performers of the series – Tim Brooke-Taylor, John Cleese, Graham Chapman and Marty Feldman 
Tim Brooke-Taylor was a cast member of the television comedy series Marty with Marty Feldman and John Junkin – a compilation of the two series of Marty has been released on a DVD with the title of It's Marty 
Brooke-Taylor was also a cast member of John Cleese's special How to Irritate People 
Along with John Junkin and Barry Cryer, Brooke-Taylor was a regular cast member of the long-running Radio 2 comedy sketch show Hello, Cheeky!, which ran from 1973 to 1979  The series also transferred to Yorkshire Television for two series in 1975 and 1976 
Tim Brooke-Taylor also appeared on BBC's hospital comedy TLC, as well as the sitcoms You Must Be The Husband (with Diane Keen and Sheila Steafel), and Me and My Girl (with Richard O'Sullivan and Joan Sanderson)  He also played in a televised pro-celebrity golf match opposite Bruce Forsyth 
Graeme Garden and Bill Oddie were writers/performers on the television comedy series Twice a Fortnight (which also included Terry Jones, Michael Palin and Jonathan Lynn in the cast) 
Tim Brooke-Taylor and Graeme Garden were writers/performers on the television comedy series Broaden Your Mind, with Bill Oddie joining them for the second series 
The three writers and performers also collaborated on the 1983 animated children's programme Bananaman, where they played various voice roles 
Bill Oddie has occasionally appeared on the BBC Radio 4 panel game I'm Sorry I Haven't a Clue, on which Garden and Brooke-Taylor are regular panellists 
Graeme Garden and Bill Oddie worked on the television comedy Doctor in the House: they co-wrote most of the first series and all of the second   Garden also appeared as a television interviewer in the series, in the episode titled "On the Box" 
Between 1981 and 1983 Garden and Oddie wrote, but did not perform in, a science fiction sitcom called Astronauts for Central and ITV  The show was set in a British space station in the near future 
Garden was a regular team captain on the political satire game show If I Ruled the World  Brooke-Taylor appeared as a guest in one episode, and during the game "I Couldn't Disagree More" he proposed that it was high time The Goodies episodes were repeated  Garden was obliged by the rules of the game to refute this statement, and replied "I couldn't disagree more   it was time to repeat them ten, fifteen years ago " This was followed by uproarious applause from the studio audience 
In 2004, Garden and Brooke-Taylor were co-presenters of Channel 4's daytime game show Beat the Nation, in which they indulged in usual game show "banter", but took the quiz itself seriously  Oddie hosts a very successful series of nature programmes for the BBC 

Goodies reunion shows
2005 Australian reunion shows
The trio reunited in Australia for The Goodies (Still A) Live on Stage as part of Sydney's Big Laugh Comedy Festival in March 2005  The show toured the country, visiting Melbourne, Brisbane and Canberra and selling out most of the 13 performances A further Australian tour by the Goodies, sans Bill, took place during November and December 2005 

"Return of the Goodies" (2005)
On 30 December, BBC2 broadcast a feature-length special, featuring some new material by Brooke-Taylor, Garden and Oddie, linking clips from the original television series and interview footage 

2006 and 2007 UK reunion shows
Tim Brooke-Taylor and Graeme Garden took their Goodies Live show to the 2006 Edinburgh Fringe festival  The show was similar to the second leg of the Goodies Australian tour, with Bill Oddie participating via video (due to his many filming commitments)  The show was also performed at the Paramount Comedy Festival in Brighton in October 2006 Brooke-Taylor and Garden performed the show at 22 further UK venues in 2007 

2009 World's Funniest Island and Riverside
Tim Brooke-Taylor and Graeme Garden appeared at Sydney's Riverside Theatre (Parramatta) on 15 October 2009 and the World's Funniest Island comedy festival on Cockatoo Island, Sydney Harbour on 17–18 October 2009  The show was hosted by Andrew Hansen of Australian comedy team The Chaser 

2010 The One Show
On the 4th November 2010, The Goodies were once again reunited when the BBC1 magazine and chat show The One Show brought them back together 

2013: An Oldie but a Goodie
Bill Oddie toured Australia to present a series of one-man shows, An Oldie but a Goodie, during June 2013  The tour took in Brisbane, Sydney, Melbourne, Adelaide and Perth  A video with the three Goodies was shown during the shows On 19 June 2013, Oddie made personal appearances on both The Project and the Adam Hills Tonight television shows in conjunction with the tour 

2019: The Big Ben Theory
The final time that The Goodies collaborated on a commercially available project was a single, hour-long audiobook created for Audible UK, entitled The Big Ben Theory  Scripted by Gareth Gwynn and John-Luke Roberts, along with Graeme Garden and Bill Oddie, and recorded in front of a highly appreciative live audience, the cast comprised Tim, Bill (an indisposed Graeme was replaced at the last minute by the project's originator and producer, Barnaby Eaton-Jones), Joanna Lumley, Philip Pope, Jon Culshaw and Kate Harbour, with direction from Dirk Maggs  Graeme Garden's own description reads ‘As Parliament falls apart and sinister dictators threaten the world, Tim, Graeme and Bill must save the day  They defeated Kitten Kong! They stuffed the Funky Gibbon! They invented Ecky Thump! Can they save Parliament as well? 52% say yes  48% say no  But you just can't rely on statistics, can you?!’ The audiobook, released by Audible on 9 October 2019, was intended to be the pilot for a forthcoming series of new episodes to be written and recorded in 2020; however, the project ended with Tim Brooke-Taylor’s death from complications from COVID-19 on April 12 that year in Cookham, Berkshire, aged 79 
In January 2022 it was announced that a series of novellas based on the planned Audible episodes was set to be published by Chinbeard Books, commencing with "Avengers Dissemble", adapted by producer and writer Barnaby Eaton Jones, with a foreword by Joanna Lumley, and based on material co-devised with the Goodies  The first book is dedicated to Tim Brooke-Taylor, 2 years since his death from COVID-19 complications and published with the backing of Tim's family and the 2 remaining Goodies: Graeme Garden and Bill Oddie, with a percentage of the royalties going to the charity Tim was President of for over 25 years – Thames Valley Adventure Playground 

Cultural influence
The Mighty Boosh was started when Julian Barratt asked Noel Fielding if he wanted to make a modern-day Goodies The official Goodies fan club's (Goodies Rule-OK!) newsletter is called the Clarion & Globe  It was named after the newspaper in The Goodies' episode "Fleet Street Goodies" (a k a  "Cunning Stunts") During the 1970s, Cor!! comic, released by Fleetway publications, had a Goodies comics strip  When the comic later merged with Buster, the Goodies did not move across, although the TV show was still running Australian rock band Spiderbait released a 1993 album and EP which contained a rocked-up fast cover version of the Goodies song "Run" Australian theatre company Shaolin Punk produced a short play titled "A Record or an OBE", written by Melbourne comedian and actor Ben McKenzie, and featuring Tim and Graeme as characters  Set in 1975, the two remaining Goodies struggle to carry on after Bill leaves the group to pursue a music career  The play premiered in the 2007 Melbourne Fringe Festival, where it was highly commended in the Comedy category  Later seasons were also performed for the Adelaide Fringe and Melbourne International Comedy Festival in 2008 U S  rock band The White Stripes named their 6th album Icky Thump in reference to The Goodies sketch "The Battle of Ecky Thump"  The name was changed from "Ecky Thump" to "Icky Thump" to make the title more palatable to an American teenage audience 

Honours
All three Goodies were awarded OBEs  Bill Oddie received his OBE in 2003 for wildlife conservation, while Tim Brooke-Taylor and Graeme Garden received their OBEs in 2011 for services to light entertainment  The show often mocked OBEs: in particular, a running joke was that Tim desperately wanted to receive one 

Awards
All three Goodies have been regular attendees at Slapstick Festival in Bristol, and in 2011 they were awarded the Aardman Slapstick Visual Comedy Legend Award at the festival for the significant contributions to the field of visual comedy they have made during their careers 

Viewer incidents
On 24 March 1975, Alex Mitchell, a 50-year-old bricklayer from King's Lynn, literally died laughing while watching an episode of The Goodies  According to his wife, who was a witness, Mitchell was unable to stop laughing whilst watching a sketch in the episode "Kung Fu Kapers" in which Tim Brooke-Taylor, dressed as a kilted Scotsman, used a set of bagpipes to defend himself from a black pudding-wielding Bill Oddie (master of the ancient Lancastrian martial art "Ecky-Thump") in a demonstration of the Scottish martial art of "Hoots-Toot-ochaye"  After twenty-five minutes of continuous laughter Mitchell finally slumped on the settee and died from heart failure  His widow later sent the Goodies a letter thanking them for making Mitchell's final moments so pleasant  In 2012, Mitchell's granddaughter was diagnosed with Long QT Syndrome after suffering cardiac arrest  Because this condition is genetic, it is believed that Mitchell's heart failure was triggered by an undiagnosed case of LQTS On 1 November 1977, Seema Bakewell, a 32-year-old housewife from Leicester, went into labour whilst laughing at a sketch in the Goodies episode "Alternative Roots"  She refused to leave home for the hospital until the episode had finished   Thirty years later, she visited the 2007 UK reunion tour with "her baby, Ayesha, and the baby's husband" and recounted the story to Graeme Garden 

See also
List of The Goodies episodes
The Goodies discography
The Goodies videography
Passage 3:
Book of Ways
Book of Ways, the feeling of strings, is a one-in-a-kind double album of improvised music performed by Keith Jarrett on clavichord recorded in July 1986 and released by ECM Records in 1987 

Making of
As Jarrett stated in an interview with pianist Ted Rosenthal appeared in the Jan-Feb 1997 issue of "Piano and Keyboard magazine", 

"That whole recording was done in one afternoon and everything was a first take and nothing was coming from any pre--ordained thing  I had no material " (  )
"I think Book of Ways is one of the recordings I wish more people would know  I think it has more of what I hear on it than a lot of things (I do) on piano because piano is piano  These two clavichords together made a different instrument  You could use vibrato on one of them and not the other one, and play unison  I was playing two at the same time as you probably could tell"

In the original notes for the compilation album "Keith Jarrett Selected Recordings", with music selected by Mr  Jarrett himself, he states that:

A Note on "Book of ways": To my knowledge, this recording is unique in several ways  We had three clavichords in the studio, two of which were angled together so that I could play them both simultaneously, and the third off to the side  Also we miked the instruments very closely so that the full range of dynamics could be used (clavichords are very quiet and cannot be heard more than a few feet away)  The two CDs were made on an off day between concerts with my Trio, and no material was organized beforehand  Everything was spontaneous  The recording was done in four hours 

Reception
For his 2002 "Keith Jarrett Selected Recordings" album review (which contains "Book of Ways" #12, #14 and #18), Peter Marsh at BBC calls it "extraordinary" and that "the results echo back to Baroque's original role as context for improvisation and simultaneously (through the use of unconventional techniques) rockets it forward a few hundred years "The Allmusic review by Richard S  Ginell awarded the album 3 stars, noting, "Jarrett occasionally tries to stretch the instrument's limited possibilities, hammering percussively on the close-miked strings  Yet for the most part, Jarrett reins in his world-class technique in order to make unpretentiously minimal music on this ancient keyboard  Some of it sounds like folk music, some like new age contemplation, there are convincing neo-baroque musings, and a few of these untitled though numbered selections kick into a higher gear  Sometimes this music is charming; a lot of the time, it gets wearisome  But hey, they also laughed when Keith started putting out massive sets of solo piano   "

Track listing
All music by Keith JarrettDisc One:

"Book of Ways 1" - 9:08
"Book of Ways 2" - 3:41
"Book of Ways 3" - 4:03
"Book of Ways 4" - 4:54
"Book of Ways 5" - 2:58
"Book of Ways 6" - 4:09
"Book of Ways 7" - 3:36
"Book of Ways 8" - 5:35
"Book of Ways 9" - 5:02
"Book of Ways 10" - 3:35Disc Two:  

"Book of Ways 11" - 6:16
"Book of Ways 12" - 4:08
"Book of Ways 13" - 4:38
"Book of Ways 14" - 7:13
"Book of Ways 15" - 5:48
"Book of Ways 16" - 7:37
"Book of Ways 17" - 3:56
"Book of Ways 18" - 7:16
"Book of Ways 19" - 5:38

Personnel
Keith Jarrett – clavichordProduction

Manfred Eicher - producer
Martin Wieland - recording engineer
Kishin Shinoyama - photo
Barbara Wojirsch - cover design and layout
Passage 4:
The Stars and Stripes Forever
"The Stars and Stripes Forever" is a patriotic American march written and composed by John Philip Sousa in 1896  By a 1987 act of the U S  Congress, it is the official National March of the United States of America 

History
In his 1928 autobiography, Marching Along, Sousa wrote that he composed the march on Christmas Day, 1896  He was on board an ocean liner on his way home from a vacation with his wife in Europe and had just learned of the recent death of David Blakely, the manager of the Sousa Band  He composed the march in his head and committed the notes to paper on arrival in the United States  It was first performed at Willow Grove Park, just outside Philadelphia, on May 14, 1897, and was immediately greeted with enthusiasm  Following an Act of Congress in 1987, it was officially adopted as the national march of the United States of America Historically, in show business and particularly in theater and the circus, this piece is called "the Disaster March"  In the early 20th century, when it was common for theaters and circuses to have house bands, this march was a traditional code signaling a life-threatening emergency  It subtly notified personnel of emergency situations and ideally allowed them to organize the audience's exit without causing the chaos and panic that an overt declaration might  Except for impending disaster, circus bands never played the tune under any circumstances  One memorable example of its use was during the Hartford circus fire of July 6, 1944  At least 168 people were killed, though some estimates are much higher 

Music
"The Stars and Stripes Forever" follows the standard U S  military march form—of repeated phrasing of different melodies performed in sections called strains: a Sousa legacy  Performances vary according to the arrangements of individual band directors or orchestrators, especially regarding tempo and the number and sequence of strains employed 

Analysis
The march begins with a four-bar introduction, following with the first strain, which is repeated; then the second strain, which is also repeated; and sometimes both are repeated again if (the band is) marching in parade (or the breakstrain may be interjected and repeated)  Now follows the dominant woodwinds in the first run of the famous Trio strain—familiar to many for the nonsense lyrics: "Be kind to your web-footed friends   "—which repeats, and later repeats again as the piccolos obligato  (Here, in some performances, Sousa's patriotic lyrics may be sung in a choral overlay ) Then follows the breakstrain, the final strain, and the breakstrain repeated  The final repeats of the Trio (the Grandioso) render the famous obligato of the piccolo players—joined to a subdued but prominent countermelody by the brass section, then bringing everything to a close with once-more repeats of the grand finale 
Sousa explained to the press that the three themes of the final trio were intended to represent the three regions of the United States  The broad melody, or main theme, portrays the North  The South is represented by the famous piccolo obligato, and the West by the bold countermelody of the trombones  The three come together in the climax, representing the Union itself 

Instrumentation
This is scored for an orchestra consisting of two flutes, piccolo, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, three trombones, tuba, timpani, cymbals, bass drum, snare drum, glockenspiel, and strings 

Lyrics
Sousa's lyrics
Sousa wrote lyrics to the piece, although they are not as familiar as the music itself  A typical pairing of Sousa's lyrics with various sections of the march—here the First strain and the Grandioso strain—is noted in the colored bars 

Tidmarsh's additional lyrics
In 1942 the John Church Company published a four-part choral version of the march with a piano arrangement by Elmer Arthur Tidmarsh  This arrangement has additional lyrics written by Tidmarsh for the Breakstrain section of the march 

Parody lyrics
The exact origin of the parody is unclear, but versions of it were being quoted as early as the 1930s on college campuses, and during the 1940s, where it was sung for entertainment by soldiers at the USO  Some newspapers of that time referred to it as the "Duck Song " In 1954, Charles Grean and Joan Javits composed "Crazy Mixed Up Song", using the theme from "The Stars and Stripes Forever", with lyrics beginning "Be kind to your web-footed friends"  It was made somewhat popular by Peter Lind Hayes & Mary Healy in that year  In the early 1960s, it reached a wider audience as a part of Mitch Miller's nationally syndicated sing-along show, Sing Along with Mitch  This version has perhaps the best known lyrics, which were used to end every show:

The last two lines were later used for the theme song of the 1985 television series The Berenstain Bears, but with the lyrics changed to:

Later versions of "Be kind to your web-footed friends" extended the lyrics of the second verse  One popular version goes like this:

And the song repeats itself ad infinitum, getting higher in tone each repeat until the singer is ready for the final as per Mitch Miller:

"Well, you're right!" may be substituted for "Well, it is!" 
Another version goes like this:

The blank may be filled with appropriate adjectives like "low", "high", "silly", "fast", etc , until ready for the finale, when the singer may end with "Well, it is!" as did Mitch Miller 

Soccer chants
"Here We Go", the British soccer chant, consists of the words "here we go" continuously repeated to the tune of The Stars and Stripes Forever  It was described by Auberon Waugh as the national anthem of the working classes  It was the basis of Everton F C 's official song for the 1984 FA Cup Final  The tune has been repurposed for many other, similarly repetitive, football chants 

Variations and notable uses
"The Stars and Stripes Forever" is featured in many U S  musical performances and pop culture:

There are several orchestral transcriptions of "The Stars and Stripes Forever", including one by conductor Leopold Stokowski and one by Keith Brion and Loras Schissel  There was also an orchestral arrangement of the march by Carl Davis and David Cullen for the album Carl Conducts   Classical Festival Favourites  Orchestral versions are typically transposed one-half step lower than the original band version, to put the march in a key that is more familiar to string players 
The tune is widely used by soccer fans, with the trio/grandioso section sung with the words "Here We Go"  The supporters of Spanish side Valencia CF used to sing it with the words "Xe que bó!" which means something like "Oh! How good" in Valencian, and those words have become a symbol for the team  Another version uses the word cheerio repeatedly, normally sung to players or coaches when they have been sent off or occasionally when an underdog has ended its opponent's cup campaign  Finally, certain clubs such as Forest Green or Sunderland use the chant just using the club name; this only works if the name has three syllables  A nickname can instead be used for the chant, such as Gateshead fans chanting "Tynesiders" 
In the 1933 film Duck Soup, Harpo Marx, playing Pinky, a spy infiltrating a house in the middle of the night, attempts to open what he believes to be a safe, but turns out to be a large radio, which loudly begins playing "The Stars and Stripes Forever" when he turns the knob  Pinky spends the next several moments futilely (and loudly) trying to quell the noise before throwing the radio out a nearby window 
The march was used in the 1939 cartoon Officer Duck, after Donald Duck successfully subdues Tiny Tom, played by Pete  It is played by a marching band of police officers who further advance Tom's arrest  On the highest note of the brass, Donald kicks Tom on his rear end 
Classic Popeye the Sailor cartoons by Fleischer Studios make frequent use of the tune in the music score accompanying the climactic fight between Popeye and the villain starting with the moment Popeye gets a spinach power boost 
Parts of the tune feature in two Laurel and Hardy short films, The Chimp and Come Clean 
In show business, as said before, particularly theater and the circus, this piece is called "the Disaster March"  It is a traditional code signaling a life-threatening emergency  This helps theater personnel to handle events and organize the audience's exit without panic  Circus bands never play it under any other circumstances  One memorable example of its use was at the Hartford Circus Fire in July 1944, in which at least 160 people were killed 
A 1952 biographical film, Stars and Stripes Forever, gives an account of the composer's life and music 
Russian-American pianist Vladimir Horowitz wrote a famous transcription of "The Stars and Stripes Forever" for solo piano to celebrate his becoming an American citizen  In an interview, Horowitz opined that the march, being a military march, is meant to be played at a walking tempo  He complained that many conductors played the piece too fast, resulting in music that is "hackneyed" 
Timmy Mallett was fond of chanting "Wacaday, Wacaday, Wacaday" to the tune in children's TV show Wacaday, often getting child guests to do the same 
In "Evolution", the first episode of the third season of the television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, a malfunction in the ship's systems causes the main computer to play Sousa's march on all channels throughout the ship  The episode was first aired on September 25, 1989 
The song is usually played for the President of the United States after he gives a speech at a public forum, event, or ceremony, whereas "Hail to the Chief" is played when the President is introduced 
The tune of the song appears in the 1970 animated TV special adaptation of Horton Hears a Who! by Dr  Seuss, used as the melody for the song Be Kind To Your Small Person Friends 
In 1981, fingerstyle guitarist Guy Van Duser made an arrangement of the march for guitar  It was later performed by guitarists such as Chet Atkins, Rick Foster and Doug Smith 
The march was adapted for the theme song to The Berenstain Bears 1985 cartoon 
An 8-bit version of the song is used in the MS-DOS and Commodore 64 versions of Wheel of Fortune when solving a puzzle correctly 
The student band Strindens Promenade Orchester in Trondheim, Norway, has the world record in "speed playing" of "The Stars and Stripes Forever" (absolutely all notes must be played)  The band calls their speedy rendering of the march "Stars and Stribes", and performs the march at all solemn occasions at the Trondheim Student Society  Set during the fall term of 1999, the record time is 50 9 seconds (nominal time is 3 minutes 50 seconds)  For this, the band is noted in the Norwegian edition of the Guinness Book of Records 
The march in a specific rendition is in the soundtrack of the video game Postal 2, where it's performed by the marching band 
American composer Robert W  Smith parodied Stars and Stripes Forever along with "Jingle Bells" with his composition "Jingle Bells Forever", published by Alfred Publishing Co 
In 2008, the Muppets performed a web version starring Sam the Eagle, Beaker, a clucking chicken, Bobo the Bear, The Swedish Chef, and Crazy Harry 
The video game Fallout 3 has the Stars and Stripes Forever as one of the songs on the Enclave Radio 
In 2009, Fetch! with Ruff Ruffman used this tune as a jingle in advertising character Ruff Ruffman's "RuffMeal" in the episode "The RuffMeal Needs More Roughage" 
At the conclusion of WWE's Extreme Rules pay-per-view in 2011, Stars and Stripes Forever played following John Cena announcing the death of Osama Bin Laden  It was also played during the January 5, 2015 episode of WWE Raw from Corpus Christi, Texas, also involving Cena, during the main event segment called John Cena Appreciation Night, where The Authority (Triple H and Stephanie McMahon) thanked Cena for (kayfabe) re-hiring them following the previous year's Survivor Series event's main event match, only to slander him and then (kayfabe) fire his teammates from that night, Dolph Ziggler, Ryback and Erick Rowan  The Big Show, who was also Cena's teammate during the aforementioned match, was not fired since he turned his back on Cena during the match and then joined The Authority  Balloons and confetti then fell from the rafters as Cena and his teammates stood in the ring, dejected, as the song played 
In Argentina, a sensationalist news channel, Crónica TV, always uses the first 22 seconds of this march as a background music on reporting breaking news stories 
The Grateful Dead finished their 50th reunion concert on July 4, 2015 with fireworks accompanied by a recording of "The Stars and Stripes Forever", in front of 70,000 people in Soldier Field in Chicago 
In 2022, a March Madness-themed commercial from Capital One featured the opening notes of "The Stars and Stripes Forever" being played by a marching band led by Charles Barkley, who claimed to represent a fictional university named "Chuck U"  Samuel L  Jackson and Spike Lee are also featured in the commercial 

See also
List of marches by John Philip Sousa
"You're a Grand Old Flag"
Passage 5:
My Way
"My Way" is a song popularized in 1969 by Frank Sinatra set to the music of the French song "Comme d'habitude" composed by Jacques Revaux with lyrics by Gilles Thibaut and Claude François and first performed in 1967 by Claude François  Its English lyrics were written by Paul Anka and are unrelated to the original French song   
The song was a success for a variety of performers including Sinatra, Elvis Presley, and Sid Vicious  Sinatra's version of "My Way" spent 75 weeks in the UK Top 40, which is 3rd place all-time 

Background
In 1967, Jacques Revaux wrote a ballad named "For Me", with English lyrics about a couple falling out of love  According to Revaux, the demo was then sent to Petula Clark, Dalida, and Claude François, to no avail  Revaux rejected a version by Hervé Villard, the singer of the international hit Capri c'est fini and reworked the track into Comme d'habitude ("As usual") with the help of Claude François  It was released in November 1967 and was at the top of the French pop chart for one week in February 1968 Paul Anka heard the French original, while on holiday in the south of France  He flew to Paris to negotiate the rights to the song  He acquired adaptation, recording, and publishing rights for the nominal but formal consideration of one dollar, subject to the provision that the melody's composers would retain their original share of royalty rights with respect to whatever versions Anka or his designates created or produced   Some time later, Anka had a dinner in Florida with Frank Sinatra and "a couple of Mob guys" during which Sinatra said: "I'm quitting the business  I'm sick of it; I'm getting the hell out "
Back in New York, Anka re-wrote the original French song for Sinatra, subtly altering the melodic structure and changing the lyrics: At one o'clock in the morning, I sat down at an old IBM electric typewriter and said, 'If Frank were writing this, what would he say?' And I started, metaphorically, 'And now the end is near ' I read a lot of periodicals, and I noticed everything was 'my this' and 'my that'  We were in the 'me generation' and Frank became the guy for me to use to say that  I used words I would never use: 'I ate it up and spit it out ' But that's the way he talked  I used to be around steam rooms with the Rat Pack guys—they liked to talk like Mob guys, even though they would have been scared of their own shadows  Anka finished the song at 5 in the morning: "I called Frank up in Nevada—he was at Caesars Palace – and said, 'I've got something really special for you '" Anka asserted: "When my record company caught wind of it, they were very pissed that I didn't keep it for myself  I said, 'Hey, I can write it, but I'm not the guy to sing it ' It was for Frank, no one else "Despite this, Anka would record the song in 1969 very shortly after Sinatra's recording was released  Anka recorded it four other times as well: in 1996 (as a duet with Gabriel Byrne, performed in the movie Mad Dog Time); in 1998 in Spanish as "A Mi Manera" (duet with Julio Iglesias); in 2007 (as a duet with Jon Bon Jovi); and in 2013 (as a duet with Garou) On December 30, 1968, Frank Sinatra recorded his version of the song in one take, featuring session drummer Buddy Saltzman among the band 
"My Way" was released in early 1969 on the My Way LP and as a single  It reached No  27 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and No  2 on the Easy Listening chart in the US  In the UK, the single achieved a still unmatched record, becoming the recording with the most weeks inside the Top 40, spending 75 weeks from April 1969 to September 1971  It spent a further 49 weeks in the Top 75 but never bettered the No  5 slot achieved upon its first chart run Billboard said that the "driving, lush and commercial Don Costa arrangement and production is an added plus to one of Sinatra's finest performances " Cash Box said that "The powerful material is matched by a splendidly moving performance which is certain to win rave comments from programmers with teen and adult audiences "Although this work became Frank Sinatra's signature song, his daughter Tina says the singer came to hate the song: "He didn't like it  That song stuck and he couldn't get it off his shoe  He always thought that song was self-serving and self-indulgent "

Charts
Certifications
Versions
David Bowie reportedly wrote the first English language lyrics to Claude François's original tune, though the lyrics and performance were only informally recorded and never commercially published 

Dorothy Squires
In the midst of Sinatra's multiple runs on the UK Singles Chart, Welsh singer Dorothy Squires also released a rendition of "My Way" in summer 1970  Her recording reached number 25 on the UK Singles Chart and re-entered the chart twice more during that year 

Elvis Presley
Elvis Presley began performing the song in concert during the mid-1970s, despite Anka's suggestions that the song did not suit him  Nevertheless, on January 12 and 14, 1973, Presley sang the song during his satellite show Aloha from Hawaii Via Satellite, beamed live and on deferred basis (for European audiences, who also saw it in prime time), to 43 countries via Intelsat 
On October 3, 1977, several weeks after Presley's death, his live recording of "My Way" (recorded for the Elvis In Concert CBS-TV special on June 21, 1977) was released as a single  In the U S , it reached number 22 on the Billboard Hot 100 pop singles chart in late 1977/early 1978 (higher than Frank Sinatra's peak position), number 6 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart, and went gold for its successful sales of over a million copies  The following year the single reached number 2 on the Billboard Country singles chart but went all the way to number 1 on the rival Cash Box Country Singles chart  In the UK, it reached number 9 on the UK Singles Chart 
Presley's version is featured in the climax of the 2001 film 3000 Miles to Graceland with Kurt Russell and Kevin Costner  (Paul Anka appears in a cameo as a casino pit boss who loathes Presley )
Presley's studio version of the song, recorded in 1971, was included on the fourth disc of "Walk a Mile in My Shoes: The Essential '70s Masters" 

Certifications
Sid Vicious
Sex Pistols' bassist Sid Vicious did a punk rock version of the song, in which a large body of the words were changed and the arrangement was sped up  The orchestral backing was arranged by Simon Jeffes 
Interviewed in 2007, Paul Anka said he had been "somewhat destabilized by the Sex Pistols' version  It was kind of curious, but I felt he [Sid Vicious] was sincere about it "Vicious and his girlfriend, Nancy Spungen, changed many of the words when it was recorded, including use of the swear words "cunt" and "fuck" as well as the word "queer" (slang for a gay man)  Vicious's reference to a "prat who wears hats" was an in-joke directed towards Vicious's friend and Sex Pistols bandmate Johnny Rotten, who was fond of wearing different kinds of hats he would pick up at rummage sales 
Leonard Cohen said of the song: I never liked this song except when Sid Vicious did it  Sung straight, it somehow deprives the appetite of a certain taste we'd like to have on our lips  When Sid Vicious did it, he provided that other side to the song; the certainty, the self-congratulation, the daily heroism of Sinatra's version is completely exploded by this desperate, mad, humorous voice  I can't go round in a raincoat and fedora looking over my life saying I did it my way – well, for 10 minutes in some American bar over a gin and tonic you might be able to get away with it  But Sid Vicious's rendition takes in everybody; everybody is messed up like that, everybody is the mad hero of his own drama  It explodes the whole culture this self-presentation can take place in, so it completes the song for me 
The 1986 film Sid and Nancy features a scene where Gary Oldman, portraying Vicious, performs his version of "My Way" while filming the song's music video Vicious's version of this song appears in Martin Scorsese's 1990 film Goodfellas, where it plays over the end credits 

Margaret Mackie and Jamie Lee Morley
In December 2019 footage of Margaret Mackie, a resident of Northcare Suites Care Home in Edinburgh who suffers from dementia, performing "My Way" with staff member Jamie Lee Morley, went viral after being posted online by Mackie's daughter Morley later arranged to have the song professionally recorded and it was released in January 2020 as a charity single to raise funds for The Alzheimer's Society and Dementia UK  The single peaked at number seven in the iTunes top 40 UK Pop Songs live chart and number five in the Amazon best seller chart 

Yuzo Kayama
In Japan, Yuzo Kayama, who is usually called the Japanese Frank Sinatra, performed "My Way" in 2008 in English  On April 23 and 30, 2015, as part of 2 vocal overdubbed sessions, Yuzo Kayama performed "My Way" with the earlier record of Frank Sinatra as a duet 

Adaptations
Besides translations more or less faithful to the original, some artists have set unrelated lyrics to the same tune 

Jozsef Gregor the renowned Hungarian bass-baritone/basso buffo recorded the song with Andras Ruszanov's Hungarian love themed lyrics version in 1996  Two years later, he sang this version in one of the most popular TV show in Budapest, since then this version has been permanently on the playlists of numerous radio stations in Hungary 
Mexican singer Vicente Fernandez did a Spanish language version, named "A Mi Manera" 
A version of the song with slightly different lyrics was used as a jingle for a Cologuard commercial in 2022 

Public use
The song is popularly associated with nostalgia to an individual's lifetime of events  Surveys beginning in 2005 have often reported that "My Way" has been the song most frequently played at funeral services in the UK  "My Way" is also a popular karaoke song around the world  However, it has been reported to cause numerous incidents of violence and homicide among karaoke singers in the Philippines, referred to in the media as the My Way killings, which has led to the song being banned in many Filipino bars The song's association with Sinatra led to Mikhail Gorbachev's policy of allowing other states in the Warsaw Pact to make their own policy decisions being nicknamed the Sinatra Doctrine, referencing "My Way"'s lyrics about doing things your own way  The term was first used by Foreign Ministry spokesman Gennadi Gerasimov in 1987, who was quoted as saying "We now have the Frank Sinatra doctrine  He has a song, I Did It My Way  So every country decides on its own which road to take "
Passage 6:
Followin' a Feelin'
Followin' a Feelin' is the third studio album by Australian country music artist Sherrié Austin  It was released in 2001 by WE Records and peaked at No  43 on the Billboard Top Country Albums chart  The album's only charted single was a cover of Dolly Parton's "Jolene"  Austin's version of the song reached No  55 on the Hot Country Songs charts in July 2001 

Critical reception
Maria Konicki Dinoia of Allmusic gave the album 4 out of 5 stars, saying that "She's evolved into an exceptionally strong songwriter, having written or co-written nine of the album's ten virtually flawless tracks "

Track listing
"Followin' a Feelin'" (Sherrié Austin, Rob Crosby, Will Rambeaux) — 3:19
"Jolene" (Dolly Parton) — 3:17
"Goin' Goin' Gone" (Austin, Rambeaux, Jon Christopher Davis) — 4:14
"Somethin' Missin' in the Kissin'" (Austin, Rambeaux, Blair Daly) — 3:21
"In the Meantime" (Austin, Rambeaux, Crosby) — 3:41
"My Brilliant Mistake" (Austin, Rambeaux, Greg Barnhill) — 3:17
"In Our Own Sweet Time" (Austin, Rambeaux, Marcus Hummon) — 3:07
"Love Melts Even the Coldest Hearts" (Austin, Shawna Harrington-Burkhart) — 3:17
"Back Where I Belong" (Austin, Rambeaux, Kimberly Roads, Philip Sweet) — 3:00
"Time, Love and Money" (Austin, Rambeaux, Dave Berg) — 3:11

Personnel
Stephanie Bentley - backing vocals
Pat Buchanan - electric guitar
J  T  Corenflos - electric guitar
Jon Christopher Davis - backing vocals
Larry Franklin - mandolin, fiddle
Jimmy Hull - harmonica
Mike Joyce - bass
Troy Lancaster - electric guitar
Tim Lauer - keyboards
Gary McIntyre - steel guitar
Russ Pahl - steel guitar
Kim Parent - backing vocals
Paul Scholten - drums
Steven Sheehan - acoustic guitar
Barry Walsh - keyboards

Chart performance
Passage 7:
Way Out Here (song)
"Way Out Here" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Josh Thompson   It was released in March 2010 as the second single and title track from his debut album of the same name  Thompson co-wrote the song with David Lee Murphy and Casey Beathard 

Content
"Way Out Here" is a ballad, mostly accompanied by acoustic guitar  In it, the narrator tells of his rural upbringing, the way he was raised, and his desire for the United States to return to a simpler time, back when things "were run the way they ought a be"   The song further laments small town America, stating with nostalgia images of pickup trucks, unlicensed dogs running free, and hard working blue collar men who "chew and fry everything"   A further narrative relates to service in the United States armed forces, of which the narrator tells how people from small town America often wind up joining the military to earn a living and are then deployed overseas 

Music video
The music video for "Way Out Here" was filmed in Cairo, Illinois   The video begins with scenes of farms, a diner run by a young woman in her late teens (apparently married with a wedding ring and also religious locket which reads "faith") then shifts to a local bar where the narrator sings the song on his guitar   Interspersed into the video are scenes of men working on a farm as well as scenes of young men deployed in the Army to the Middle East 

Critical reception
The song and video drew mostly positive reviews from critics, however some negative reviews resulted from the portrayal in the music video of an entirely white town (Cairo, Illinois is in fact 70% African American), as well as nostalgia (instead of concern) regarding boarded up small towns steeped in rural poverty   Paul Brian of Engine 145, gave the song a thumbs-down rating  His review criticized Thompson's vocals for "[simmering] with anger, despair, and moral force as the song approaches numerous key concerns including the economy, military service, work ethic, religious belief, gun ownership, governance, and musical taste "

Chart performance
"Way Out Here" debuted at number 57 on the Hot Country Songs chart dated March 20, 2010, and then fell off the next week  However, it re-entered the country chart at number 58 on the chart dated April 3, 2010  In September 2010, it peaked at number 15 on the chart 

Year-end charts
Passage 8:
Turn Me On (Mark Dinning song)
"Turn Me On" is a song by John D  Loudermilk that was first recorded and released by Mark Dinning in 1961 as the B-side to his single "Lonely Island"  Other notable versions are by Nellie Rutherford and Nina Simone  Norah Jones released her version as the last single from her debut album Come Away with Me on May 12, 2003  The song was also performed by Shelby Dressel during her American Idol audition  It has been suggested that the song influenced the composition of Leonard Cohen's 1969 song "Bird on the Wire" 

Norah Jones version
Jones's cover was the seventh track on her debut album  This version also appeared in the movie Love Actually and appears on its soundtrack 

Charts
Certifications
Release history
Passage 9:
Kingpin (Tinsley Ellis album)
Kingpin is a 2000 blues album by Tinsley Ellis  It was recorded at Ocean Way by David Z (also the producer) who also mixed at Javelina Recording Studio (both in Nashville, Tennessee) for Supersonic Productions  It was mastered by George Marino at Sterling Sound New York  Tinsley wrote/co-wrote three of the songs 

Track listing
"Heart Fixing Business" (Homer Banks/Allen Jones)
"Sweet Pea" (Wayne Burdette/Tinsley Ellis)
"Dyin' to Do Wrong" (Ellis)
"Can't Play That Way" (Ellis)
"I've Got to Use My Imagination" (Gerry Goffin/Barry Goldberg)
"I Got to Moan" (S  Boyer)
"I'll Be Loving You" (J L  Williams)
"The Other Side of Town" (Sir Mack Rice/Jon Tiven/Sally Tiven)
"Days of Old" (B B  King/Josea Taub)
"Slingshots and Boomerangs" (C C  Adcock/David Eagan)
"Let's Think About It" (Arthur Alexander/Jon Tiven)

Musicians
Tinsley Ellis on Guitar and vocals
David Smith on Bass guitar
Reese Wynans on keyboards
Jack Holder on guitar
Richie Hayward on drums
Kevin McKendree on organ
David Z on guitar, keyboards, percussion
Little Joey Hoegger on harmonica
Jim Hoke on saxophone
Passage 10:
I Got a Feelin' (Billy Currington song)
"I Got a Feelin'" is a song co-written and recorded by American country music singer Billy Currington  It was released in January 2004 as the second and final single from his 2003 self-titled debut album  The song peaked at number 5 on the U S  Billboard Hot Country Songs chart in mid-2004  It also reached number 50 on the Billboard Hot 100  Currington wrote this song with Casey Beathard and Carson Chamberlain 

Critical reception
In his review of the album, Jeffrey B  Remz of Country Standard Time viewed the song favorably, saying that it showed Currington's traditional country sound by the prominence of fiddle (played by Stuart Duncan) 

Music videos
The music video for the track was directed by Philip Andelman, filmed in the Mojave Desert in California, and co-stars Gena Lee Nolin 

Chart performance
"I Got a Feelin'" debuted at number 53 on the U S  Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart for the week of January 17, 2004 

Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Passage 11:
Separate Lies
Separate Lies is a 2005 British drama film directed by Julian Fellowes, who also wrote the screenplay, updating the 1951 novel A Way Through the Wood by Nigel Balchin, which had already been turned into a stage play under the title Waiting for Gillian in 1954  The film stars Tom Wilkinson, Emily Watson and Rupert Everett  Separate Lies marked the directorial debut of Julian Fellowes, who had worked mostly as an actor and won an Academy Award with his screenplay for Robert Altman's  Gosford Park 

Plot
"No life is perfect – even if it seems to be," says James Manning, a wealthy London solicitor  When it comes to matters of right and wrong, he likes to think of himself as inflexible  Anne, his much younger wife, is accommodating and dutiful and likes the life they lead, the house in London, the Buckinghamshire hideaway  The couple seems to have it all, yet events soon will prove them wrong 
In the village, a neighbour has reappeared: William Bule, son of a leading local family  He has recently returned from America, a bad marriage and two children, whose ages he cannot bother to remember  Bill is indolent and insinuating and at the village cricket match he catches Anne's eye  Because of him, she suggests to her reluctant husband that they should have neighbours over for drinks  However, that evening, James has to work late in the city  Before the party is set to begin, a speeding car sideswipes a man bicycling along a village lane  The man is hurled to the ground and dies a few days later  He was the husband of Maggie, the Mannings’ housekeeper 
Anne takes a special interest in Maggie's well-being, but James can't understand her sudden teary investment in their housekeeper’s personal life  James, whose priorities have become skewed toward work rather than toward his wife, soon becomes suspicious that Bill may be involved in that fatal hit-and-run  When confronted, Bill initially denies the allegation, but soon tells James that the next day he will go to the police and confess, if that is what he wants, although he sees no benefit from his confessions  Back home, when James tells Anne about his conversation with Bill, she has also some striking confessions to make  Anne reveals one hurtful secret while making a salad: she was actually driving Bill’s car when drunk and accidentally hit the cyclist   While artfully arranging ingredients on a platter, she informs her already distraught husband that she has also been having an affair with Bill  Telling her story, she asserts that Bill doesn't really mean anything to her, because he doesn't make demands or judge her, as James does in little, incessant ways  Precisely because he's a lout, Bill makes her feel oddly liberated, if not loved 
As a Buckinghamshire police inspector questions the Mannings and Bill about the accident, James is torn between doing the right thing and maintaining appearances at all costs  James really loves Anne, and the couple takes a trip to Wales in an effort to leave the accident, their guilt, and their marital troubles behind  However, Maggie, whose husband was killed, witnessed the accident  She saw the car and identifies it as belonging to Bill Bule  Yet her testimony may be biased, since Maggie knows William Bule well, having worked for his family until she was accused of stealing and dismissed  It was Anne who gave her a new start in the village 
Bule calls for a meeting  with James and Anne  There he says the inspector will come to question them later and that Maggie has identified the car  He requests James to provide an alibi for him to which James agrees  Next day the inspector meets James at his office to confirm the alibi claimed by Bule  Later a mechanic calls Bule to tell about the questioning from police about respraying the car  This makes Anne nervous and she runs to Maggie to tell her the truth and that she is responsible for her husband's death  Maggie being indebted to Anne for giving her the job after eight years takes back her statement about Bule driving the car when confronted by police  Anne goes back to stay with James until one day he's informed by a cousin of Bule that he is dying of cancer  Learning this from James, Anne rushes back to the dying Bule whose father comes to James to express his gratitude for this  Following this James meets Anne near Bule's home and expresses his undiminished love for her  Upon the demise of Bule, Anne is reunited with James 

Cast
Tom Wilkinson as James Manning
Emily Watson as Anne Manning
Rupert Everett as William "Bill" Bule
Richenda Carey as Sarah Tufnell
David Harewood as Inspector Marshall
Linda Bassett as Maggie
Hermione Norris as Priscilla
John Warnaby as Simon
John Neville as Lord Rawston
Philip Rham as French Lawyer
Unknown as Joe

External links
Separate Lies at IMDb
Separate Lies at Rotten Tomatoes
Separate Lies at Box Office Mojo
Passage 12:
Feelin' the Same Way
"Feelin' the Same Way" is a song from American singer-songwriter Norah Jones's debut album, Come Away with Me (2002)  It was written by Lee Alexander, and produced by Jones  Released in the United Kingdom on August 5, 2002, the song charted at number 72 on the UK Singles Chart 

Charts
Context 2: Passage 1:
Can't Hurry Love
Can't Hurry Love is an American sitcom television series created by Gina Wendkos, starring Nancy McKeon that aired on CBS from September 18, 1995, to February 26, 1996 

Premise
The series is about Annie, a single, thirty-something woman living in New York and her three friends: Didi, Roger and Elliot  The general premise of the series centers around love seeking by Annie  Most of the action takes place in either Annie's small apartment or the employment agency she manages  Roger and Elliot work with her at the agency and Didi, the beautiful free spirit of the group, often drops by the agency  or Annie's apartment 

Cast
Nancy McKeon as Annie O'Donnell
Mariska Hargitay as Didi Edelstein
Louis Mandylor as Roger Carlucci
Kevin Crowley as Elliot Tenney

Cancellation
The series was canceled after one season despite having an average household rating of 11 4, tying it for 24th place among all TV shows that year 

Episodes
Passage 2:
Lava Ground
Lava Ground is the debut album from Jamaican reggae artist I Wayne  The album features guest appearances from Fire Chess, Harmony and Fire Star  As well as production from P  Henry, M Miller, O  Hibbert etc  The album includes the hits Living In Love and Can't Satisfy Her 

Track listing
"Life Seeds
"Lava Ground"
"Rastafari Liveth"
"More Life"
"Bleacher"
"Don't Worry"
"Ma Ma and Pa Pa" (feat  Fire Chess)
"Nah Draw Nil"
"Touch Her Softly"
"Ready Fe Live Up"
"Kid Artist"
"Living in Love"
"Conquer" (feat  Fire Star)
"Can't Satisfy Her (Prelude)"
"Can't Satisfy Her"
"Grow Proper"
"Cool as the Breeze"
"Keep Burning Rome" (feat  Harmony)
Passage 3:
John Cowsill
John Patrick Cowsill (born March 2, 1956) is an American musician, best known for his work as a singer and drummer with his siblings' band The Cowsills  He has been a drummer and vocalist for The Beach Boys touring band, which featured original Beach Boy Mike Love and long time member Bruce Johnston  Cowsill has also played keyboards for the "Beach Boys Band" performing Al Jardine's and the late Carl Wilson's vocal parts  He also has performed and recorded with Jan and Dean 

Early life
John Patrick Cowsill was born in Newport, Rhode Island to William "Bud" and Barbara Cowsill  He is the second youngest of seven children (Bill, Richard, Bob, Paul, Barry, John, Susan) 

The Cowsills
In the wake of Beatlemania, John and three of his brothers, Bill, Bob, and Barry, would form their own group solely based around the Liverpool band  Soon after, their mother Barbara and sister Susan would also join  They signed to a label in 1965 and after releasing a few non-commercially successful singles, were transferred to MGM Records in 1967  Their first single with MGM was The Rain, the Park & Other Things 
John mainly backing vocals, although he sang lead on Silver Threads and Golden Needles  From 1967 to 1969, the family group would have more hit songs such as Indian Lake, We Can Fly, and Hair, they split in 1972, although John would re-appear with the band for most of its reformed tenures  The Cowsills were the main inspiration for The Partridge Family 

Tommy Tutone
In the early 1980s, Cowsill recorded with the one-hit wonder band Tommy Tutone, playing percussion and singing back-up vocals on the band's hit, "867-5309/Jenny," although he did not appear in the video 

The Beach Boys
Cowsill began playing with the Beach Boys touring band on keyboards in 2000   He moved to the drums in 2008  His solos for the concerts include "Wild Honey," and "Sail On, Sailor " and also "Darlin" and "California Dreaming" on the 2022 tour  In 2011, Cowsill was confirmed to be performing alongside The Beach Boys on their 50th Anniversary Reunion Tour  Cowsill appears on the band's subsequent studio album, That's Why God Made the Radio (2012)  He also performed on Mike Love's solo albums Unleash the Love (2017) and Reason for the Season (2018) 

Other works
In 2017, Cowsill joined with Vicki Peterson and Bill Mumy as the band Action Skulls to release an album (also including posthumous contributions from the bassist Rick Rosas) entitled Angels Hear For a time, he was part of Dwight Twilley's band, as was his sister Susan Cowsill 

Personal life
In October 2003, he married Vicki Peterson of The Bangles 

Discography
With the Cowsills
With Tommy Tutone
Studio albums
Singles
With The Beach Boys
Albums
That's Why God Made the Radio (2012)

Singles
That's Why God Made the Radio (2012)
Isn't It Time (2012)

Mike Love
Albums
Unleash the Love (2017)
Reason for the Season (2018)
Passage 4:
Platonic love
Platonic love is a type of love in which sexual desire or romantic features are nonexistent or have been suppressed or sublimated, but it means more than simple friendship The term is derived from the name of Greek philosopher Plato, though the philosopher never used the term himself  Platonic love, as devised by Plato, concerns rising through levels of closeness to wisdom and true beauty, from carnal attraction to individual bodies to attraction to souls, and eventually, union with the truth Platonic love is contrasted with romantic love 

Classical philosophical interpretation
Platonic love is examined in Plato's dialogue, the Symposium, which has as its topic the subject of love, or more generally the subject of Eros  It explains the possibilities of how the feeling of love began and how it has evolved, both sexually and non-sexually, and defines genuine platonic love as inspiring a person's mind and soul and directing their attention towards spiritual matters  Of particular importance is the speech of Socrates, who attributes to the prophet Diotima an idea of platonic love as a means of ascent to contemplation of the divine, an ascent known as the "Ladder of Love"  For Diotima and Plato generally, the most correct use of love of human beings is to direct one's mind to love of divinity  Socrates defines love based on separate classifications of pregnancy (to bear offspring); pregnancy of the body, pregnancy of the soul, and direct connection to existence  Pregnancy of the body results in human children  Pregnancy of the soul, the next step in the process, produces "virtue"—which is the soul (truth) translating itself into material form  "    virtue for the Greeks means self-sameness     in Plato's terms, Being or idea "(106)

Eros
Pausanias, in Plato's Symposium (181b–182a), defines two types of the love known as "Eros": vulgar Eros, or earthly love, and divine Eros, or divine love  Pausanias defines vulgar Eros as material attraction towards a person's beauty for the purposes of physical pleasure and reproduction, and divine Eros as starting from physical attraction but transcending gradually to love for supreme beauty, placed on a similar level to the divine  This concept of divine Eros was later transformed into the term "platonic love" 
Vulgar Eros and divine Eros were both considered to be connected, and part of the same continuous process of pursuing perfection of one's being, with the purpose of mending one's human nature and eventually reaching a point of unity where there is no longer an aspiration or need to change 
"Eros is     a moment of transcendence     in so far as the other can never be possessed without being annihilated in its status as the other, at which point both desire and transcendence would cease     (84)

Eros as a god
In the Symposium, Eros is discussed as a Greek god—more specifically, the king of the gods, with each guest of the party giving a eulogy in praise of Eros 

Virtue
Virtue, according to Greek philosophy, is the concept of how closely reality and material form equates good, positive, or benevolent  This can be seen as a form of linguistic relativity 

Some modern authors' perception of the terms "virtue" and "good" as they are translated into English from the Symposium are a good indicator of this misunderstanding  In the following quote, the author simplifies the idea of virtue as simply what is "good" "    what is good is beautiful, and what is beautiful is good    "

Ladder of Love
The Ladder of Love is a metaphor that relates each step toward Being as consecutive rungs of a ladder  Each step closer to the truth further distances love from beauty of the body toward love that is more focused on wisdom and the essence of beauty 
The ladder starts with carnal attraction of body for body, progressing to a love for body and soul  Eventually, in time, with consequent steps up the ladder, the idea of beauty is eventually no longer connected with a body, but entirely united with Being itself "[   ] decent human beings must be gratified, as well as those that are not as yet decent, so that they might become more decent; and the love of the decent must be preserved " (187d, 17) - Eryximachus' "completion" of Pausanias' speech on Eros

Tragedy and comedy
Plato's Symposium defines two extremes in the process of platonic love; the entirely carnal and the entirely ethereal  These two extremes of love are seen by the Greeks in terms of tragedy and comedy  According to Diotima in her discussion with Socrates, for anyone to achieve the final rung in the Ladder of Love, they would essentially transcend the body and rise to immortality—gaining direct access to Being  Such a form of love is impossible for a mortal to achieve 
What Plato describes as "pregnancy of the body" is entirely carnal and seeks pleasure and beauty in bodily form only  This is the type of love, that, according to Socrates, is practiced by animals "Now, if both these portraits of love, the tragic and the comic, are exaggerations, then we could say that the genuine portrayal of Platonic love is the one that lies between them  The love described as the one practiced by those who are pregnant according to the soul, who partake of both the realm of beings and the realm of Being, who grasp Being indirectly, through the mediation of beings, would be a love that Socrates could practice "

Tragedy
Diotima considers the carnal limitation of human beings to the pregnancy of the body to be a form of tragedy, as it separates someone from the pursuit of truth  One would be forever limited to beauty of the body, never being able to access the true essence of beauty 

Comedy
Diotima considers the idea of a mortal having direct access to Being to be a comic situation simply because of the impossibility of it  The offspring of true virtue would essentially lead to a mortal achieving immortality 

Historical views of platonic love
In the Middle Ages, new interest in the works of Plato, his philosophy and his view of love became more popular, spurred on by Georgios Gemistos Plethon during the Councils of Ferrara and Firenze in 1438–1439  Later in 1469, Marsilio Ficino put forward a theory of neo-platonic love, in which he defined love as a personal ability of an individual, which guides their soul towards cosmic processes, lofty spiritual goals and heavenly ideas  The first use of the modern sense of platonic love is considered to be by Ficino in one of his letters 
Though Plato's discussions of love originally centered on relationships which were sexual between members of the same sex, scholar Todd Reeser studies how the meaning of platonic love in Plato's original sense underwent a transformation during the Renaissance, leading to the contemporary sense of nonsexual heterosexual love The English term "platonic" dates back to William Davenant's The Platonick Lovers, performed in 1635, a critique of the philosophy of platonic love which was popular at Charles I's court  The play was derived from the concept in Plato's Symposium of a person's love for the idea of good, which he considered to lie at the root of all virtue and truth  For a brief period, platonic love was a fashionable subject at the English royal court, especially in the circle around Queen Henrietta Maria, the wife of King Charles I  Platonic love was the theme of some of the courtly masques performed in the Caroline era, though the fashion for this soon waned under pressures of social and political change 

Seven types of love
Throughout these eras, platonic love was slowly categorized into seven different classical definitions  These were:

Eros: sexual or passionate love, or a modern perspective of romantic love 
Philia: the love of friendship or goodwill, often met with mutual benefits that can also be formed by companionship, dependability, and trust 
Storge: the love found between parents and children, often a unilateral love 
Agape: the universal love, consisting of love for strangers, nature, or God 
Ludus: playful and uncommitted love, intended for fun with no resulting consequences 
Pragma: love founded on duty and reason, and one's longer-term interests 
Philautia: self-love, both healthy or unhealthy; unhealthy if one places oneself above the gods (to the point of hubris), and healthy if it is used to build self-esteem and confidence Despite the variety and number of definitions, the different distinctions between types of love were not considered concrete and mutually exclusive, and were often considered to blend into one another at certain points 

Modern interpretations
Definition
"Platonic love in its modern popular sense is an affectionate relationship into which the sexual element does not enter, especially in cases where one might easily assume otherwise " "Platonic lovers function to underscore a supportive role where the friend sees [their] duty as the provision of advice, encouragement, and comfort to the other person     and do not entail exclusivity "

Complications
One of the complications of platonic love lies within the persistence of the use of the title itself "platonic love" versus the use of "friend"  It is the use of the word love that directs us towards a deeper relationship than the scope of a normal friendship 

Queerplatonic love
Some in the aromantic and asexual communities, within the broader LGBT community, have coined the term "queerplatonic" to refer to formal intimate relationships between significant others that do not involve romance  Queerplatonic feelings are often described, like romance, as involving a deeper and more profound emotional connection than friendship 
Julie Sondra Decker writes that queerplatonic love often "looks indistinguishable from romance when outside the equation", but should not be "assigned a romantic status if participants say it is not romantic"  She also notes that it can also be misread by observers as close friendship in circumstances where overtly romantic gestures are socially expected  For Decker, the essence of queerplatonic attraction is its ambiguous position in relation to normative categories: she writes that QPR "is a platonic relationship, but it is 'queered' in some way—not friends, not romantic partners, but something else" 

See also
Passage 5:
Ain't Nothin' Stoppin' Us Now
Ain't Nothin' Stoppin' Us Now is an album by Tower of Power released in 1976, the band's first record on Columbia Records  Ron Beck takes up the drummers spot after David Garibaldi exited for a second time 
This also would be the last album to feature bassist Francis "Rocco" Prestia as he would go on an extended hiatus from the band until his return in 1986  It is also the only album to feature vocalist Edward McGee 

Release history
In addition to the standard 2 channel stereo version the album was also released by Columbia in a 4 channel quadraphonic version in 1976 on LP and 8-track tape  The quad LP was encoded with the SQ matrix 
This album was reissued in the UK on the Super Audio CD format in 2016 by Dutton Vocalion  This release contains the complete stereo and quad recordings 

Track listing
"Ain't Nothin' Stoppin' Us Now" (Emilio Castillo, Stephen "Doc" Kupka, David Bartlett) – 3:58
"By Your Side" (Edward McGee, Clifford Coulter) – 4:30
"Make Someone Happy" (Ron E  Beck, Keith Rogers) – 2:47
"Doin' Alright" (Bruce Conte, Coleman Head) – 4:48
"Because I think the World Of You" (Stephen "Doc" Kupka, Frank Biner) – 	3:00
"You Ought To Be Havin' Fun" (Hubert Tubbs, Emilio Castillo, Stephen "Doc" Kupka) – 3:06
"Can't Stand To See The Slaughter" (Stephen "Doc" Kupka, Emilio Castillo) – 2:47
"It's So Nice" (T  Castillo, Emilio Castillo, David Bartlett, Stephen "Doc" Kupka, Frank Biner) – 5:39
"Deal With It" (Chester Thompson) – 3:20
"While We Went To The Moon" (Stephen "Doc" Kupka, David Bartlett, Emilio Castillo) – 4:24

Personnel
Tower of Power

Edward McGee – lead vocals
Chester Thompson – acoustic piano, Fender Rhodes, clavinet, organ, Moog synthesizer, bass pedals, backing vocals, horn arrangements (7, 9, 10), string arrangements and conductor (10)
Bruce Conte – guitars, backing vocals
Francis Rocco Prestia – bass guitar
Ron E  Beck – drums, percussion, backing vocals
Stephen "Doc" Kupka – baritone saxophone
Lenny Pickett – alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, Lyricon, tenor sax solo (1, 2)
Emilio Castillo – tenor saxophone, backing vocals
Mic Gillette – trombone, bass trombone, trumpet, flugelhorn, baritone horn, backing vocals, "superbone" solo (10)
Greg Adams – trumpet, flugelhorn, backing vocals, horn arrangements (1-6, 8), string arrangements and conductor (2, 4, 5, 8), flugelhorn solo (3)Additional musicians

Bill Lamb – trombone (2), trumpet (2), flugelhorn (2)
Tower of Power – horn arrangements (1, 8)
Patricia Henley – backing vocals (1, 2, 4, 5, 6)
Melba Joyce – backing vocals (1, 2, 4, 5, 6)
Ivory Stone – backing vocals (1, 2, 4, 5, 6)
Carol Rogers – backing vocals (3, 9, 10)

Production
Emilio Castillo – producer
Tower of Power – producers
Alan Chinowsky – production assistant, engineer, mixing
Bob Edwards – engineer, assistant engineer
Jim Gaines – mixing
Rich Ehrman – assistant engineer, mix assistant
Bruce Steinberg – art direction, design, photographyStudios

Recorded at Kendun Recorders (Burbank, California); Record Plant, Los Angeles (California); Record Plant, Sausalito (California); CBS Studios (San Francisco, California) 
Mixed at Record Plant, Sausalito 
Passage 6:
Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick
"Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick / Ningyo" is a song by Japanese singer Namie Amuro from her eighth studio album Play (2007)  It was released as a single on May 17, 2006, by Avex Trax, as the album's second single  Although she has had Japanese song titles prior to signing with Avex Trax, "Ningyo" or "人魚" which means mermaid, is her first with the label  "Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick" is featured on the album Play, although the latter A-side, "Ningyo" or "人魚", was excluded 

Background
In 1994 Amuro appeared in the drama "Toki wo Kakeru Shoujo" which used the original "Ningyo" as its ending theme song 
During the release of Queen of Hip-Pop (2005) to "White Light / Violet Sauce" (2005), Namie predominantly worked with producer/songwriter, Nao'ymt  This single reunites her with producers T Kura and Michico who crafted many of her early R&B hits in 2003  "Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick," produced by the pair has been described as a funky summer dance tune  The other a-side, "Ningyo," is a cover of Japanese artist, Nokko, who made the song a massive hit in 1994, and is a theme song of TV drama "Toki o Kakeru Shojo" in which Amuro played a younger sister of Yuki Uchida who is a leading actor 
For the production of the music video for "Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick", Namie teamed up with American choreographer Shawnette Heard  Shawnette Heard has danced and choreographed routines for many of the world's biggest musical artists including Christina Aguilera, Janet Jackson, Michael Jackson, Madonna, Ricky Martin, Mýa, and many more 
On May 17, 2006, along with the release of the single her complete solo catalog was released to iTunes Japan  Immediately afterwards, "Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick" and "Ningyo" ranked #4 and #6 respectively 

Commercial endorsements
"Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick" was used in commercials for ringtone service sites, Mu-Mo and Iromelo Mix DX  "Ningyo" was also used in commercials for Mu-Mo 

Music video
The promotional video for "Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick" debuted on music channel, VMC on May 1, 2006  Directed by longtime collaborator, Masashi Muto, the video focuses entirely on a dance routine choreographed by Shawnette Heard  It is also reminiscent of Kylie Minogue's "Can't Get You Out of My Head" (2001) as a majority of it is filmed in a dark room entirely adorned in lights  It was also filmed on top of a skyscraper roof engulfed in lights from the skyscrapers in the background  The video was named VMC's "Video of the Month" for May and was played in heavy rotation on the channel 
A promotional video for "Ningyo" was also filmed and premiered on the music video outlet M-ON on May 9, 2006  Based on the story of The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, the video begins with a shot of a full moon that morphs into window  The window opens to show Amuro sitting on a rock before a mural  It transitions to a scene of her on a bridge grasping the moon from the sky  For the final scene, Amuro is again sitting in a dense bamboo forest before the window closes  The video ends with her becoming part of the mural in the opening scene  The video is unlike any of Amuro's previous videos as it portrays her in a distinctly Japanese manner 

Track listing
Personnel
"Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick"
Namie Amuro – vocals
Michico – background vocals
Producers – T Kura & Michico
Arranger – T Kura
Choreographer – Shawnette Heard
Director – Masashi Muto

"Ningyo"
Namie Amuro – vocals
Nao'ymt – background vocals
Producers – Nao'ymt
Arranger – Nao'ymt
Director – Masashi Muto

Live performances
Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick
May 11, 2006 – Utaban
May 15, 2006 – Hey! Hey! Hey!
May 19, 2006 – Music Station
May 20, 2006 – CDTV
May 26, 2006 – Music Fighter
May 28, 2006 – MTV VMAJ 2006 Red Carpet Show
June 5, 2006 – SMAPxSMAP
September 25, 2006 – Hey! Hey! Hey! 13th Year Special

Charts
Passage 7:
Erin Pitt
Erin Michelle Pitt (born September 22, 1999) is a Canadian actress, known for her trio of roles in the horror film Silent Hill: Revelation, where she played Dark Alessa, Alessa Gillespie, and the younger Sharon DaSilva  Pitt's first leading role was in the 2013 film Against the Wild as Hanna Wade  She also played the title role in the 2014 made-for-television film An American Girl: Isabelle Dances Into the Spotlight  Pitt is a voice actress and is known for her roles in the television series The 99 as Samda the Invulnerable and Evie in the television series Mike the Knight 

Life and career
Pitt was born in Hamilton, Ontario, one of six siblings  She has two sisters and three brothers  She has attended the Hamilton Academy of Performing Arts, where she studies acting, singing and dancing, and has performed with the Hamilton City Ballet Pitt first acted in a Paperoni toy commercial in 2008  In 2010 she has a role in the short film Rick Mercer — Canadian Action Plan  The same year she was cast in the film You Lucky Dog as the character Erin  Following this she acted in the film Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam as Junior Rocker Audrey Her first major film was 2012's Silent Hill: Revelation, in which she played the triple roles of Alessa Gillespie, Dark Alessa, and the younger Sharon DaSilva  Pitt appeared on the cover of Fangoria magazine that year as Dark Alessa  She then had the major starring role Hannah Wade in Against the Wild, released in 2014 In 2014 Pitt starred as Isabelle in the Universal Picture direct-to-DVD production An American Girl: Isabelle Dances Into the Spotlight  She also had the voice role of Evie in the animated series Mike the Knight 

Filmography
Awards and nominations
Passage 8:
Airplay (band)
Airplay was a short-lived American band, formed by David Foster and Jay Graydon  The band released a self-titled album in 1980, containing "Nothin' You Can Do About It" (originally recorded by The Manhattan Transfer) and the original recording of the Earth, Wind & Fire hit "After the Love Has Gone", written by Foster and Graydon with Bill Champlin 
Graydon was asked about Airplay in a 2014 interview:
Did you guys ever envision Airplay becoming a full-time, touring type of band?
David wanted to tour and I didn't  A dumb move on my part 

Personnel
Principal members
Jay Graydon – vocals, guitar
David Foster – keyboards, background vocals
Tommy Funderburk – vocals

Backing musicians
Toto membersJeff Porcaro – drums
David Hungate – bass
Steve Lukather – additional rhythm guitars
Steve Porcaro – synthesizer programmingOthersWarren Wiebe
Mike Baird – drums
Ray Parker Jr  – additional rhythm guitars
Pete Robinson – synthesizer programming
Jerry Hey – trumpet & flugelhorn
Gary Grant – trumpet
Steve Madaio – trumpet
Bill Reichenbach Jr  – trombone
Charlie Loper – trombone
Lew McCreary – tromboneBackground vocalsBill Champlin
Tom Kelly
Max Gronenthal

Discography
Studio albums
Airplay (1980)

Singles
"Stranded" (1980)
"Nothin' You Can Do About It" (1980)
"Should We Carry On" (1981)
"Stressed Out (Close to the Edge)" in St  Elmo's Fire soundtrack (1985)
Passage 9:
Are You Ready for Love
"Are You Ready for Love" is a song recorded by English musician Elton John in 1977 and first released in the UK in 1979 as the first single from the EP The Thom Bell Sessions   It was written by LeRoy Bell, Thom Bell and Casey James, and was originally produced in Philadelphia by Thom Bell, who had already produced a series of hits for the Spinners, the Delfonics and the Stylistics   While the song "Mama Can't Buy You Love" from the EP charted in 1979, this song and the other track on the three-track 12-inch vinyl disc, "Three Way Love Affair", were only minor footnotes at the time 
In 1989, MCA released a 6-track CD, The Complete Thom Bell Sessions, which contained a different mix of "Are You Ready for Love" in place of the one that appeared on the original 1979 EP  (The original Thom Bell Sessions EP mix did, however, surface – along with the EP's other two original tracks – as a B-side to a UK CD-single of "The Last Song" in 1992, issued as Rocket/Phonogram EJSCB-30) 

2003 version
In 2003, "Are You Ready for Love" was remixed by Ashley Beedle and released as a 12-inch vinyl single on 25 August 2003  It gave John the sixth No  1 hit of his career when it topped the UK Singles Chart in the first week of its 2003 re-release, following his performance of the song in a television advertisement promoting the new 2003–04 football season for Sky Sports  The 2003 single's B-side is "Three Way Love Affair" (from the original EP) and also the full-length 1979 version of "Are You Ready for Love"  On some CD versions, the CD also contains a QuickTime version of a video for the song, with recording studio footage from 1977 with John recording his vocals 
Various hit R&B vocalists of the late 1970s, including Bell and James, MFSB and the Spinners with lead singer John Edwards, contributed backing and accompanying lead vocals, most prominent on the Thom Bell Sessions mixes of the song  In 1979, the Spinners also recorded a version of the song which charted at number 25 on the US Billboard R&B chart 
The music video, produced in a 1970s retro style, was directed by Kate Dawkins 

Track listings
UK, US, and Australian CD single
"Are You Ready for Love" ('79 radio edit)
"Are You Ready for Love" (full length 1979 version)
"Three Way Love Affair"
"Are You Ready for Love" (CD-ROM video)UK 12-inch single 1
A  "Are You Ready for Love" (full length '79 version)
B  "Are You Ready for Love" (Freeform Reform remix)UK 12-inch single 2
A  "Are You Ready for Love" ('79 original)
B  "Are You Ready for Love" (Ashley Beedle Love and Protection mono edit)UK cassette single
"Are You Ready for Love" ('79 radio edit)
"Are You Ready for Love" (full length 1979 version)
"Three Way Love Affair"European CD single
"Are You Ready for Love" ('79 radio edit)
"Are You Ready for Love" (full length 1979 version)US 12-inch single
A1  "Are You Ready for Love" (Linus Loves Strobelight mix)
A2  "Are You Ready for Love" (79 full length)
B1  "Are You Ready for Love" (Mylo's Road Map to Peace remix)
B2  "Are You Ready for Love" (Ashley Beedle Love and Protection mono re-edit)

Charts and certifications
Cover versions
In 2003, the Spinners reissued "Are You Ready for Love", featuring them on backing vocals  In 1977, the Spinners had recorded two versions of the track  One had all of the Spinners, the other with only lead singer John Edwards on vocals  Finally in 1979, the John Edwards version was released making it to number 42 on the UK Singles Chart 

In popular culture
"Are You Ready for Love" was featured on the European version of Donkey Konga 2 

See also
List of number-one dance singles of 2004 (U S )
Passage 10:
Back to the Future (soundtrack)
The music of the Back to the Future series is composed in conjunction with the development of several feature films and a stage musical, within the Back to the Future franchise created by Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale  All music in the franchise was composed by American composer Alan Silvestri, with The Musical being co-written with Glen Ballard 

Back to the Future (1985)
Soundtrack
Back to the Future: Music from the Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the film of the same name, released on July 8, 1985, by MCA Records  The soundtrack includes two tracks from American composer Alan Silvestri's score for the film, two pop tracks from American rock band Huey Lewis and the News, two songs played by the fictional Marvin Berry and The Starlighters, one played by the fictional Marty McFly with The Starlighters, and two pop songs that are very briefly heard in the background of the film 
"The Power of Love" was released as the album's lead single in June 1985, becoming Huey Lewis and the News's first chart topper on the US Billboard Hot 100, as well as being certified Gold and nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song  The soundtrack spent nineteen weeks on the Billboard 200, peaking at number twelve in October 1985 

Development
American rock band Huey Lewis and the News performed "The Power of Love" and "Back in Time"  Huey Lewis was approached to write a theme song for the film  He met with Bob Gale, Steven Spielberg, and Robert Zemeckis, from the film's production team, who intended that the band be Marty McFly's favorite band  Though flattered, Lewis did not want to participate because he did not know how to write film songs and did not want to write one called "Back to the Future"  Zemeckis assured Lewis he could write any song he wanted  Lewis agreed to submit the next song he wrote, which was "The Power of Love"  The lyrics do not make any mention of the film's storyline Lewis was asked by Zemeckis to write one more song for the film's end credits, which came to be "Back in Time"  Unlike "The Power of Love", the lyrics for "Back in Time" center around the movie's story points  In an interview with People in 2015, Lewis states: "Sean [Hopper], [Chris] Hayes and I put together "Back in Time" – and it turned out that it's actually quite easy to write for film! In a way, it's easier, in that you don't have to invest yourself in it  So that was a lot of fun, actually" "Johnny B  Goode", written by Chuck Berry, is performed by the characters Marty McFly, and Marvin Berry and the Starlighters in the film, with lead vocals by Mark Campbell as Marty McFly, Harry Waters Jr  as Marvin Berry, and the guitar solo by Tim May  Campbell and May received a "special thanks" acknowledgment in the film's end credits, with the recording credit going to the fictional characters  Campbell did not receive credit as the filmmakers wanted to create the illusion that Fox was singing  When music supervisor Bones Howe learned of this, he secured Campbell a small percentage of the soundtrack revenue as compensation  Berry withheld permission to use "Johnny B  Goode" until the day before filming, and was paid $50,000 for the rights 

In the film
In the film, Marvin Berry, a fictitious cousin of Chuck Berry, phones Chuck and lets him listen to the music  The real "Johnny B  Goode" was released in 1958, three years after the time it is played in the film Huey Lewis portrays a high-school band audition judge who rejects Marty McFly's band, the "Pinheads", as they perform an instrumental hard rock version of "The Power of Love"  Lewis mentioned that his character was inspired by a Chrysalis Records executive  "Time Bomb Town", "Heaven Is One Step Away", and "Back in Time" are very briefly played in the background in some scenes during the film; "Back in Time" is additionally played in full in the film's end credits 

Track listing
^a  Lead vocals provided by Harry Waters Jr 
^b  Lead vocals provided by Mark CampbellSongs in the film but not included on the soundtrack album:
"The Washington Post" – composed by John Philip Sousa
"Mr  Sandman" – performed by The Four Aces
"The Ballad of Davy Crockett" – performed by Fess Parker
"Pledging My Love" – performed by Johnny Ace
"Out the Window" – Performed by Edward Van HalenThe tracks are not presented in the order they appear in the film  In chronological order, the track listing goes: 1, 2, 7, the first 90 seconds of 6, 8, 9, 10, the remainder of 6, 4, 5, and 3  "Back to the Future Overture" consists of the following cues, as released in its original form, on the subsequent score album:

Marty's Letter
Clocktower
'85 Lone Pine Mall

Charts
Certifications
Film score
Back to the Future: Intrada Special Collection was released by Intrada Records on November 24, 2009, and contains Alan Silvestri's complete score for Back to the Future  It is a two-disc release: the first disc contains the complete orchestral score for the film, along with two source cues that Silvestri wrote  The second disc contains alternate approaches that Silvestri took with a large portion of the score, with a darker and more serious tone  The two-disc set had a limited release of 10,000 units and sold nearly 6,000 units by the end of January 2010 The soundtrack was reissued on October 12, 2015, as a single-disc release, titled Back to the Future: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (Expanded Edition), to commemorate the film's 30th anniversary  This release only contains the music on disc one of the initial limited two-disc set 

Development
Alan Silvestri had previously worked with director Robert Zemeckis on the score for Romancing the Stone  In composing the score, the only direction Zemeckis gave him was "it's got to be big"  Silvestri used an orchestral score to create a sound that contrasted with the small-town setting and the significant time-changing events occurring within it, and developed a heroic theme that was designed to be instantly recognizable in just a few notes For moments in the film where Silvestri's score was shortened (i e  the final moments of "Einstein Disintegrated" and "Peabody Barn; Marty Ditches DeLorean"), replaced with source music ("Town Square") or unused ("Logo"), the full score cue is presented as originally recorded 
The themes from the score have since been included in the scores of the film's sequels, in Back to the Future: The Ride, and used as ambient music at Universal Studios theme parks 

Track listing
Disc 1: The Complete Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

"Logo"
"DeLorean Reveal"
"Einstein Disintegrated"
"'85 Twin Pines Mall"
"Peabody Barn; Marty Ditches DeLorean"
"'55 Town Square"
"Lorraine's Bedroom"
"Retrieve DeLorean"
"1 21 Jigowatts"
"The Picture"
"Picture Fades"
"Skateboard Chase"
"Marty's Letter"
"George to the Rescue – Pt  1"
"Marvin Be-Bop"
"George to the Rescue – Pt  2"
"Tension; The Kiss"
"Goodnight Marty"
"It's Been Educational; Clocktower"
"Helicopter"
"'85 Lone Pine Mall"
"4x4"
"Doc Returns"
"Back to the Future"Disc 2: The Creation of a Classic    alternate Early Sessions

"DeLorean Reveal"
"Einstein Disintegrated"
"Peabody Barn"
"Marty Ditches DeLorean"
"'55 Town Square #1"
"'55 Town Square #2"
"Retrieve DeLorean"
"1 21 Jigowatts"
"The Picture"
"Skateboard Chase"
"George to the Rescue"
"Tension; The Kiss"
"Clocktower"
"'85 Lone Pine Mall"
"Doc Returns"
"Ling Ting Ring"

Back to the Future Part II (1989)
Back to the Future Part II: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score to the 1989 film of the same name, the second installment in the Back to the Future trilogy  It was released under MCA Records on November 22, 1989, and features most of the film score by American composer Alan Silvestri  AllMusic rated it four-and-a-half stars out of five  Unlike the previous soundtrack, it only contains the musical score by Silvestri, none of the vocal songs featured throughout the film are included 
Intrada Records reissued the soundtrack as a two-disc expanded edition on October 12, 2015, in commemoration of the first film's 30th anniversary  The soundtrack includes the complete score (22 tracks) on disc one and an arrangement of alternate cues and source music on disc two 

Track listings
Standard edition

"Main Title"
"The Future"
"Hoverboard Chase"
"A Flying DeLorean?"
"My Father!"
"Alternate 1985"
"If They Ever Did"
"Pair O' Docs"
"The Book"
"Tunnel Chase"
"Burn The Book"
"Western Union"
"End Title"Expanded edition – Disc 1: The Film Score"

"Back to Back / It's Your Kids"
"Main Title (extended version)"
"The Future"
"Chicken / Hoverboard Chase"
"A Flying DeLorean?"
"I'm in The Future / Biff Steals DeLorean"
"Chicken Needles / Jenn Sees Jenn"
"Biff's World / 27th Floor"
"My Father!"
"Alternate 1985"
"Gray's Sports Almanac / If They Ever Did"
"Something Inconspicuous"
"You'll Never Lose / Old New DeLorean"
"Pair O' Docs"
"The Book"
"Nobody / Tunnel Chase"
"Burn The Book"
"He's Gone"
"Western Union"
"I'm Back / End Logo"
"The West"
"End Title"Expanded edition – Disc 2: Alternates

"Back to Back (alternate)"
"Main Title (alternate)"
"The Future (alternate)"
"Hoverboard Chase (alternate)"
"A Flying DeLorean? (alternate)"
"Biff's World (alternate)"
"If They Ever Did (alternate segment)"
"You'll Never Lose (alternate)"
"Western Union (alternate #1)"
"I'm Back (alternate #1)"
"Western Union (alternate #2)"
"I'm Back (alternate #2)"
"End Logo (alternate)"
"The West (alternate)"
"End Title (alternate)"

Back to the Future Part III (1990)
Back to the Future Part III: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score to the film of the same name, the third and final installment in the Back to the Future trilogy  It was released under Varèse Sarabande on May 29, 1990, and features most of the film score by American composer Alan Silvestri  The soundtrack includes the acoustic instrumental version of the song "Doubleback" as performed during the film, but does not include the original ZZ Top version of the song played in the end credits 
Varèse Sarabande reissued the soundtrack as a two-disc expanded edition on October 12, 2015, in commemoration of the film's 25th anniversary  The soundtrack includes the complete score (26 tracks) in chronological order on disc one, and an arrangement of alternate cues, source music and acoustic renditions of traditional folk songs on disc two 

Track listings
Standard edition

"Main Title"
"It's Clara (The Train, Part II)"
"Hill Valley"
"The Hanging"
"At First Sight"
"Indians"
"Goodbye Clara"
"Doc Returns"
"Point of No Return (The Train, Part III)"
"The Future Isn't Written"
"The Showdown"
"Doc to the Rescue"
"The Kiss"
"We're Out of Gas"
"Wake Up Juice"
"A Science Experiment (The Train, Part I)"
"Doubleback (acoustic instrumental version)"
"End Credits"25th Anniversary edition – Disc 1: The Film Score

"Back to Back / Court House"
"Main Title"
"Into the Mine / Tombstone / It's Me"
"Warmed Up"
"Indians (film version)"
"Safe and Sound"
"Hill Valley"
"The Hanging"
"We're Out of Gas"
"There is No Bridge / Doc to the Rescue"
"At First Sight"
"Yellow"
"The Kiss"
"You Talkin' to Me?"
"The Future Isn't Written"
"Goodbye Clara"
"What's Up Doc / Marty Gallops / To the Future"
"Wake Up Juice"
"Callin' You Out / Count Off"
"The Showdown / The Kick"
"A Science Experiment (The Train – Part I)"
"It's Clara (The Train – Part II)"
"Point of No Return (The Train – Part III)"
"It's Destroyed / Back to the Girlfriend / It's Erased"
"Doc Returns"
"End Credits25th Anniversary edition – Disc 2: Alternates

"Back to Back / Court House (alternate)"
"I'm Back / Main Title (alternate)"
"Into the Mine / Tombstone (alternate)"
"Warmed Up (alternate)"
"Indians (alternate)"
"The Hanging (alternate)"
"Goodbye Clara (alternate segment)"
"Count Off (alternate)"
"The Kick (alternate)"
"Doc's Return (alternate)"
"Clock Dedication / Battle Cry of Freedom"
"Doubleback (extended version)"
"Turkey in the Straw"
"My Darling Clementine"
"Saloon Piano Melody"
"Arkansas Traveler"
"Devil's Dream"
"Pop Goes the Weasel"
"Virginia Reel (Tip-Top)"
"I'm Back (alternate #2)"
"Into the Mine (alternate #2)"
"Indians (alternate #2)"
"Doc Returns (alternate #2)"On the standard edition, the tracks are not presented in the order they appear in the film  In chronological order, the track listing goes 1, 6, 3, 4, 14, 12, 5, 17, 13, 10, 7, 15, 11, 16, 2, 9, 8, and 18 
Songs in the film not included on the soundtrack album:
"Doubleback" (original version) – performed by ZZ Top
"The Power of Love" – performed by Huey Lewis and the News

The Back to the Future Trilogy
The Back to the Future Trilogy is a soundtrack compilation album, released by Varèse Sarabande on September 21, 1999  The album is a compilation of Alan Silvestri compositions from all three Back to the Future film scores, as well the theme from Back to the Future: The Ride  Whilst the tracks from Part III are from the film's original soundtrack, the tracks for Part I, Part II and The Ride are re-recorded renditions performed by John Debney and the Royal Scottish National Orchestra at the Glasgow City Halls 

Track listing
Back to the Future: The Musical (2020)
Back to the Future: The Musical (Original Cast Recording) is the cast recording of the musical of the same name, with music and lyrics by Alan Silvestri and Glen Ballard, and a book by Bob Gale  Recorded by the musical's original West End cast, it was released by Sony Music's Masterworks Broadway imprint on March 11, 2022  The musical's score was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Original Score or New Orchestrations in 2022 

Background
The Back to the Future website originally announced on October 21, 2020 ("Back to the Future Day") that a cast recording of the West End production will be released in summer 2021  The announcement was accompanied by the release of Dobson's rendition of "Back in Time", which was originally written for and featured in the first film, in addition to the original track "Put Your Mind to It"  The cast recording was originally set to be released on November 26, 2021, but was delayed several times, eventually releasing on March 11, 2022 

Track listing
Passage 11:
Pulse (1988 film)
Pulse is a 1988 American science-fiction horror film written and directed by Paul Golding, drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror, and starring Cliff De Young, Roxanne Hart, Joseph Lawrence, Matthew Lawrence, and Charles Tyner  The film's title refers to a highly aggressive and intelligent pulse of electricity that terrorizes the occupants of a suburban house in Los Angeles, California  The film was produced through Columbia Pictures and the Aspen Film Society and distributed by Columbia Pictures  The titular Pulse and its accompanying elements were designed by Cinema Research Corporation 

Plot
A highly aggressive, paranormal intelligence thriving within the electrical grid system of Los Angeles, California is moving from house to house  It terrorizes the occupants by taking control of the appliances, killing them or causing them to wreck the house in an effort to destroy it  Once this has been accomplished, it travels along the power lines to the next house, and the terror restarts  Having thus wrecked one household in a quiet, suburban neighborhood, the pulse finds itself in the home of a boy's divorced father whom he is visiting  It gradually takes control of everything, injuring the stepmother, and trapping father and son, who must fight their way out 

Cast
Cliff De Young as Bill Rockland
Roxanne Hart as Ellen Rockland
Joey Lawrence as David Rockland
Matthew Lawrence as Stevie
Charles Tyner as Old Man Holger
Dennis Redfield as Pete
Robert Romanus as Paul
Myron Healey as Howard
Michael Rider as Foreman
Jean Sincere as Ruby
Terry Beaver as Policeman
Greg Norberg as Policeman
Tim Russ as Policeman

Release
The film was promoted by the taglines "It traps you in your house   then pulls the plug," "In every second of every day, it improves our lives  And in a flash, it can end them," and also "the ultimate shocker "

Production
The film was produced by Aspen Film Society, a film production company founded by Steve Martin and William E  McEuen Paul Golding got the idea for Pulse from two unrelated events with the first being when the screenwriter Caleb Deschanel spent the night in his house and told him that at night he’d been listening to “the sounds of the house…  the house was alive and it was taking care of me“, and the second was when he heard about a computer that reprogrammed itself  Golding wrote the screenplay under the working titles of House, Tract and Currents in 1981 but couldn’t get it made until Columbia eventually took it on seven years later  David Morse and Tommy Lee Jones both auditioned for the role of Bill but lost to Cliff De Young  Production was completed a day early and $1 million dollars under its $6 million dollar budget, and as a result were able to afford Oxford Scientific Films to do many of the special effects 

Release
David V  Picker, the head of Paramount Pictures at the time, was impressed by the film and intended to position it as a wide release, but changes in studio management curtailed this and it was only released theatrically in Texas and Oklahoma, while it went straight to video elsewhere  The movie did however become a success on video 

Reception
Pulse has a 64% approval rating at the online review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 14 reviews 

Music
The musical score for Pulse was composed by Jay Ferguson, who also composed "Pictures of You" from the soundtrack to The Terminator, and the film score to A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child 
Passage 12:
Nothin' My Love Can't Fix
"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix" is a song by American actor and singer Joey Lawrence, released as the first single from his self-titled debut album on February 15, 1993, by MCA Records subsidiary Impact Records  Written by Lawrence, Alexandra Forbes and Eric Beall and produced by Forbes, Beall, Steve Barri and Tony Peluso, "Nothin' My Love Can't Fix" is Lawrence's most successful single, peaking at number 19 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 10 on the Billboard Mainstream Top 40  It also reached number 13 in the United Kingdom, number 22 in Ireland, number 50 in Canada and number 68 in Australia 

Background
"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix" was written by Joey Lawrence, Alexandra Forbes, and Eric Beall  The song was written when Lawrence was approximately fifteen years old 

Composition
According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes com by Alfred Publishing, the song is written in the key of F major and is set in time signature of common time with a tempo of 108 beats per minute  Lawrence's vocal range spans three octaves, from F3 to F♯6 

Chart performance
In the United States, "Nothin' My Love Can't Fix" debuted at number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the issue dated March 6, 1993  The song spent 20 weeks on the chart, reaching its peak position of number 19 for the issue dated May 8, 1993  On the 1993 year-end chart, the song achieved a position of number 92 

Music video
The video premiered on February 15, 1993, during an episode of Blossom  Prior to its broadcast, the video was promoted through advertisements on MTV and NBC  The music video received heavy airplay on many outlets, including MTV, and Lawrence was invited to perform on MTV Spring Break, The Arsenio Hall Show, and Top of the Pops 

Track listings and formats
Personnel
Personnel are adapted from the Joey Lawrence album liner notes 
Joey Lawrence – vocals, writing
Steve Barri – production
Alexandra Forbes – production, writing
Eric Beall – production, writing
Tony Peluso – production, vocal recording, mixing
Steve Skinner – keyboards, drum programming
Fred Tenny – recording
Axel Niehaus – assistant recording engineer
Fred Kelly – assistant mixing engineer
Julie Barri – production assistance
Steve Hall – mastering

Charts
Release history
In popular culture
"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix" was used as the end-title theme for the 1993 film Cop and a Half 
Passage 13:
Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You
"Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You" is a duet between Billy Newton-Davis and Celine Dion, released as a single in July 1989 in Canada  The song was featured on Newton-Davis' album Spellbound  "Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You" was later included on Dion's Japanese maxi-single "Unison" (1991)  It was written by Dan Hill who also wrote for Dion "Seduces Me" on her 1996 album Falling into You 

Background
The "Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You" music video received a MuchMusic Video Award for Best MOR Video in 1990 The song was Dion's second commercial English single after her 1985 "Listen to the Magic Man"  It reached number 41 on the Canadian Singles Chart and number 12 on the Adult Contemporary Chart  In Quebec, it peaked at number 19 Dion performed this song during her Unison Tour 

Track listings and formats
Canadian 7" single"Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You" – 4:16
"Stop Me (Before I Dream Again)" – 3:40

Charts
Release history
Passage 14:
I Still Can't Get Over Loving You
"I Still Can't Get Over Loving You" is a 1983 song written and performed by Ray Parker Jr  It was the lead single from his Woman Out of Control album of the same year, and it reached #12 on the Billboard Hot 100 in early 1984  It was Parker's fifth top 20 hit, the sixth being 1984's "Ghostbusters" 

Background
The song is an up-tempo ballad with electronic instruments 
While initially the song speaks of lost love and an ended relationship, the lyrics gradually take a considerably more sinister tone, ultimately implying that the man either is stalking his former girlfriend, or potentially preparing to do harm to her  A turning point in the tone occurs when Parker borrows a line from  The Police's "Every Breath You Take", "Every breath you take, I'll be watching you " It is summarily followed by closing lines which indicate that the relationship has taken a dark turn:  "There's no way that this thing is through, no; Not yet, I ain't through lovin' you; I'm gettin' mad, girl, don't you ever try to leave, no, no; It'll be the last thing you'll ever do "

Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Passage 15:
You Can't Beat Love
You Can't Beat Love is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Christy Cabanne and written by Maxwell Shane and David Silverstein  The film stars Preston Foster, Joan Fontaine, Herbert Mundin, William Brisbane and Alan Bruce  The film was released on June 25, 1937 

Plot
Jimmy Hughes (Preston Foster) is a fun-loving carouser who can't resist a dare  He is awakened by his gentleman's gentleman Jasper (Herbert Mundin) after a drunken evening in which he misappropriated a milk truck, and instructs Jasper to see that the damages (thirty dollars' worth of lost milk) are paid and the truck is returned  Accompanied by Jasper, Jimmy then fulfills a bet by putting in a day of hard work digging ditches in formal wear, good-naturedly tangling with other crew members in the process  He donates his winnings to a children's charity 
When a campaign truck stops by the site to dispense free cake and solicit support for Mayor Olson's re-election, Jimmy engages in a heckling match with a campaign worker who proves to be the mayor's daughter, Trudy Olson (Joan Fontaine)  Trudy angrily suggests that he throw his hat in the ring, and in a bluff, he declares that he will 
When the newspapers run with the story, Jimmy is caught by surprise and the mayor's campaign is concerned  Trudy visits Jimmy at his home with a cake to patch things up, and as he pledges to clear up the misunderstanding, the two become mutually attracted  Trudy accompanies Jimmy to the newspaper office the next day to help him announce his withdrawal, but she mistakenly dares him to run for real, obliging him to do so 
Jimmy pledges a clean campaign, but still ruffles Trudy at times as he continues to pursue her  Things begin to go well between them again as Jimmy helps Trudy save a child who has stolen ice from an ice truck from punishment, and they steal a fun ride on the back of the truck together 
The corrupt police chief, who works for the mayor, secretly attempts to frame Jimmy by luring him to a phony love nest with a hired woman (Barbara Pepper) and a waiting photographer, but catches Jimmy's friend instead  In retaliation, Jimmy recruits the woman's jealous boyfriend, a gangster, to involve the police chief in a citywide gambling ring 
As the mayor comes under criticism for the resulting scandal, Trudy visits Jimmy's campaign office and overhears him colluding with the gamblers  At a debate on election eve, she accuses him of being behind the ring  Jimmy produces a check designating all gambling proceeds to a children's charity, and plays a recording for the crowd of the police chief agreeing to participate in the criminal profits  He also has a recording of the mayor angrily confronting the police chief, proving the mayor's innocence  Jimmy then endorses the mayor for re-election as the guilty parties are arrested  The press asks for a photo of Jimmy kissing Trudy, and she dares him 

Cast
Preston Foster as James Ellsworth 'Jimmy' Hughes
Joan Fontaine as Trudy Olson
Herbert Mundin as Jasper 'Meadows' Hives
William Brisbane as Clem Bruner
Alan Bruce as Scoop Gallagher
Paul Hurst as Foreman Butch Mehaffey
Bradley Page as Dwight Parsons
Berton Churchill as Police Chief Brennan
Frank M  Thomas as Mayor Olson
Harold Huber as Pretty Boy Jones
Paul Guilfoyle as Louie the Weasel
Barbara Pepper as May 'Bubbles' Smith
Passage 16:
Can't Go for That
"Can't Go for That" is a song by Canadian recording artist Tamia  It was written by Missy Elliott, Brycyn Evans and Roosevelt "Bink" Harrell for her second studio album A Nu Day (2000), featuring main production from the latter with Elliottt and Evans serving as co-producers  Musically, the song includes an interpolation of "I Can't Go For That (No Can Do)" as performed by Hall & Oates 
"Can't Go for That" was released as the album's lead single in 2000 and peaked at number 84 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and 23 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart  The single was remixed by Jonathan Peters  There is another remix version as the album bonus track which features 213 members Nate Dogg, Snoop Dogg and Warren G 

Music video
A music video for "Can't Go for That" was directed by Chris Hafner in the week of July 1, 2000  It was filmed in Los Angeles 

Track listings
Notes

^[a]  denotes co-producer
^[b]  denotes additional producer

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of A Nu Day 
Co-producer – Brycyn Evans, Missy Elliott
Assistant engineer – Edith Luis
Mixing, recording – Bill Importico
Producer – Bink!

Charts
Weekly charts
Passage 17:
Can't Nobody
"Can't Nobody" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelly Rowland  It was written and produced by Rich Harrison for Rowland's solo debut album Simply Deep (2002)  The song is built around a sample of "Let's Get Small" (1982) by American R&B band Trouble Funk  Due to the inclusion of the sample, band members Robert "Syke Dyke" Reed and Tony Fisher are also credited as songwriters  Musically, the uptempo track has been described as an "airy hip hop funk" song, that has Rowland describing an infatuation as she tries to convince the object of desire of her charms and advantages 
The song was released as the second single from Simply Deep on January 21, 2003, following lead "Stole" and Rowland's duet single "Dilemma" with Nelly from his album Nellyville (2002)  While it widely failed to match the success of its predecessors, "Can't Nobody" reached the top-five in the United Kingdom and became a top-twenty hit in Australia, Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Scotland  In the US, the song entered Billboard's Mainstream Top 40  An accompanying music video was directed by Benny Boom and shot in Los Angeles, California in January 2003  In further promotion of the song, Rowland performed the song on television shows such as Top of the Pops and made it part of the setlist of her Simply Deeper Tour (2003) 

Background
After the release of her former group Destiny's Child's 2001 album Survivor, Rowland launched a solo career when American rapper Nelly asked her to appear as a featured artist on his song "Dilemma"  The record originally appeared on his album Nellyville (2002) and was released as its third single  An instant success, it became a worldwide number-one hit that year and prompted Rowland's label Columbia Records to advance the release date of her solo album from 2003 to late 2002 to capitalize on the success of "Dilemma"  Rowland was forced to complete the album within a month   "Can't Nobody" was written by producer and songwriter Rich Harrison  Known for his work on fellow Columbia Records signee Amerie's debut album All I Have (2002), the song marked his first collaboration with a Destiny's Child member  In contrast to his own production style and major parts of Simply Deep, which featured mid-tempo tracks and wide influences by pop and rock music, the track includes a beat driven but poppy and radio-friendly instrumental, involving elements from "Let's Get Small", a song written by Robert Reed and Tony Fisher and performed by Trouble Funk 

Critical reception
"Can't Nobody" received generally mixed reviews from music critics  AllMusic editor Jon O'Brien named the song one of the album's highlights along with "Stole", "Dilemma" and "Everytime You Walk Out That Door" and complimented the production on "Can't Nobody" due to its "clattering percussion"  Chuck Taylor from Billboard found that "while the single has its charms, its skittish production and overly busy chorus tend to grate after a few spins, limiting its chances to go to the long haul " Sal Cinquemani of Slant compared the song to Rowland's previous single "Dilemma" and wrote: "'Can’t Nobody' features a catchy, retro hook and slick production, but Rowland’s voice isn’t as powerful as Whitney Houston’s or even Beyoncé Knowles's " Vibe journalist Craig Seymour named "Can’t Nobody" one of the better tracks on Simply Deep, calling it "a morsel of airy hip hop funk [   ] But while the tune offers her a good rump-wiggling groove, it can't quite fill the need for an authentic identity "

Commercial performance
The song was first issued as the album's second single in the United States on January 21, 2003  However, "Can't Nobody" received little commercial response in Rowland's native, where it was less successful than previous single "Stole", debuting and peaking at number ninety-seven on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number seventy-two on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, respectively  It also entered the US Mainstream Top 40, reaching number forty  The single fared better overseas, where it became Rowland's third consecutive top five hit on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number five, as well as her ninth best-selling solo single as of November 2011  The song also entered the top ten of the Scottish Singles Chart, reaching number nine, and peaked within the top twenty in Denmark, Ireland, and the Netherlands  In Australia, "Can't Nobody" peaked at number thirteen and was eventually certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), indicating sales in excess of 35,000 copies 

Music video
Rowland reteamed with "Dilemma" director Benny Boom to craft a music video for "Can't Nobody" which was shot in Los Angeles, California at the weekend of January 4, 2003  Filming locations include the Orpheum Theatre on Broadway and the Chinatown neighborhood, both set in the Downtown Los Angeles district  Joe Oz served as first assistant director, while production was helmed by Veronica Zelle for now defunct Gorilla Flix Productions  Main camera was operated by Paul Cameron  Upon its release, the music video for "Can't Nobody" was included on the European maxi-single as an enhanced video element  It was later also included on the Japanese edition of Destiny's Child's Destiny's Child World Tour concert DVD, released in 2003, as well as the 2004 Wal-Mart exclusive limited Destiny's Child's Fan Pack DVD which was released a week before the release of Destiny Fulfilled (2004) In the video, Rowland is waiting outside of the Orpheum Theatre nightclub for her boyfriend, who is surprising her with tickets for a fictional Simply Deep musical  She arrives after her boyfriend leaves and after buying a ticket for the musical and waiting for him to meet her, she is disturbed upon seeing a hologram of the two of them waiting in line together  Frustrated, Rowland walks around the Chinatown neighborhood seeing couples all around her until she comes across the Grand Star Jazz Club  She enters the club and begins enjoying herself while dancing until she sees her boyfriend nearby  She confronts him over his absence at the theatre, and he reveals he was going to surprise her with tickets to the musical  Rowland is relieved and after the two laugh over the misunderstanding, they both proceed to dance together in the club  The video ends with the two leaving the club to go watch the musical at the theatre  In a report surrounding the production of the short film, MTV News noted that the video was "a take-off of the Christian Slater flick True Romance "

Track listings
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Simply Deep 

Charts
Certifications
Release history



ground_truth: John D. Loudermilk

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the brother of the Nothin' My Love Can't Fix performer?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: Passage 1:
Aguamarina
Aguamarina, is a 1997 American telenovela produced by Telemundo  Was led by Ruddy Rodríguez and Leonardo García with antagonistic action of Mara Croatto 

Cast
Passage 2:
Tourism in Nepal
Tourism is the largest industry in Nepal and its largest source of foreign exchange and revenue  Possessing eight of the ten highest mountains in the world, Nepal is a hot spot destination for mountaineers, rock climbers and people seeking adventure  The Hindu and Buddhist heritage of Nepal and its cool weather are also strong attractions 

Overview
Mount Everest, the highest mountain peak in the world (8848 88m above the sea level), is located in Nepal  Mountaineering and other types of adventure tourism and ecotourism are important attractions for visitors  The World Heritage Site Lumbini, birthplace of Buddha, is located in the south of the West region of Nepal (which despite the name is located in the center of the country) and there are other important religious pilgrimage sites throughout the country  The tourist industry is seen as a way to alleviate poverty and achieve greater social equity in the country  Tourism brings $471 million a year to Nepal 

According to statistics of 2019, there was a growth rate of 2 1%  According to statistics from Nepal Tourism Board (NTB), a total of 1,197,191 foreign tourists entered the country in 2019 as compared to 1,173,072 in 2018  The government of Nepal declared 2011 to be Nepal Tourism Year, and hoped to attract one million foreign tourists to the country during that year  The government of Nepal has also declared Lumbini Tourism Year 2012 to promote Lumbini  The government of Nepal has also recently declared Visit Nepal 2020 with the aim of bringing in two million tourists by 2020 
According to the statistics of 2017, most of the tourists comes to Nepal for observing the pilgrimage sites and heritages sites of the country i e  70 3%, then 34 5% visit for pleasure, 13 1% of them visit Nepal for mountaineering and trekking and remaining 18 0% of the tourists arrive for official activities, conferences, business etc 
The tourism industry of Nepal was affected after the destructive earthquake in 2015, by the series of earthquakes in 2015  In 2020, the tourism sector in Nepal collapsed due to the COVID-19 pandemic 

Religious sites
The majority religion in Nepal is Hinduism, and the Pashupatinath Temple, the world's largest temple of Shiva, located in Kathmandu, attracts many pilgrims and tourists  Other Hindu pilgrimage sites include the temple complex in Swargadwari in the Pyuthan district; Janaki Mandir in Janakpurdham in Mithila region; Lake Gosainkunda near Dhunche; the temples at Devghat; Kalinchowk Bhagwati Temple in Dolakha ;Manakamana temple in the Gorkha District; Pathibhara near Phungling; and Mahamrityunjaya Shivasan Nepal in Palpa District where the biggest metallic idol of Lord Shiva is located  
Buddhism is the largest minority religion  The World Heritage Site at Lumbini, which is traditionally considered to be the birthplace of Gautama Buddha, is an important pilgrimage site  Another prominent Buddhist site is Swayambhunath, the Monkey Temple, in Kathmandu 
Dang valley is a sacred place for Hindus as well as other religions  Kalika and Malika Devi in Chhillikot hill, Ambekeshawori temple, Krishna temple, Dharapani temple are among the sacred places in Dang district  Chillikot hill is also a good place for sightseeing and also an ancient palace of a king 
Muktinath is a sacred place for Hindus as well as Buddhists  The site is located in Muktinath Valley, Mustang district 
Badimalika temple in Bajura District, Gadhimai Temple in Bara district, Halesi Mahadeva temple in Khotang  Bhageshwori Mandir in Nepalgunj  Bhagbhati mandir in Rajbiraj are also some popular temples in Nepal 

Wilderness tourism
According to Nepal's Ministry of Tourism, major tourist activities include wilderness and adventure activities such as mountain biking, bungee jumping, rock climbing and mountain climbing, trekking, hiking, bird watching, flights, paragliding and hot air ballooning over the mountains of Himalaya, exploring the waterways by raft, kayak or canoe and jungle safaris especially in the Terai region  International elephant polo is played at  Chitwan National Park 

Statistics
In 2007, the number of international tourists visiting Nepal was 526,705, which was an increase of 37 2% compared to the previous year  In 2008, the number of tourists decreased by 5% to 500,277  In 2018, the number of international tourists arrival was 1 17 million  In 2019, the number increased to 1 19 million  In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had a major impact on tourism in Nepal, with tourist arrivals dropping to just 230,085 with a decrease of over 80 7% and further decrease by 30% in 2021 with an total number of 150,962  Pokhara is one of the main tourist destinations in Nepal 
In 2008, 55 9% of the foreign visitors came from Asia (18 2% from India), while Western Europeans accounted for 27 5%, 7 6% were from North America, 3 2% from Australia and the Pacific Region, 2 6% from Eastern Europe, 1 5% from Central and South America, 0 3% from Africa and 1 4% from other countries 
Foreign tourists visiting Nepal in 2008 stayed in the country for an average of 11 78 days which has now increased to 15 1 days and 15 5 days in 2020 and 2021 respectively

Arrivals
This statistic shows the number of international tourist arrivals by year, 1993–2021:

Arrivals by country
Most tourists arriving to Nepal on short-term basis were from the following countries of nationality:

See also
Visa policy of Nepal
Passage 3:
Mariett Dances Today
Mariett Dances Today (German: Heut tanzt Mariett) is a 1928 German silent romance film directed by Frederic Zelnik and starring Lya Mara, Fred Louis Lerch and Harry Halm  It was shot at the Staaken Studios in Berlin and on location in the Swiss resort of St  Moritz 
It was made by the German subsidiary of First National Pictures  The film's sets were designed by the art directors Andrej Andrejew and Erich Zander 

Cast
Lya Mara as Mariett
Fred Louis Lerch as Robert van Dammen
Harry Halm as Ein junger Maler
Ralph Arthur Roberts as Prinz Beaufort
Kurt Gerron as Der Besitzer der Bar, Brigon
Jakob Tiedtke as Der Bürgermeister
Sophie Pagay as Die Haushälterin
Karl Harbacher as Der Schuhmacher
Josefine Dora as Seine Mutter
Fritz Kampers
Ivan Koval-Samborsky
Adele Sandrock
Franz Schafheitlin

Plot summary
The story begins like a fairytale: A stork, hunting for food in a Dutch village pond, picks out a baby girl and drops her in the cradle in the mayor's house  The mayor, who is a practical man, connects his saw and the baby's cradle with a string, and with every pull of the saw he rocks little Mariett – which is the name of the tiny foundling – to her sleep 
As the years go by, Mariett grows up to be a merry young woman, albeit a bit naïve, but full of joie de vivre and very fond of dancing  When on her 16th birthday a covert admirer gives her a pair of silk shoes she hurries to the village church to pray to Saint Joseph for a fitting pair of silk stockings  Her prayer, though, is overheard by two affluent young men  The one of them is a painter, copying one of the church windows; he is accompanied by his friend Robert van Dammen  They are very much amused about the girl's simple-mindedness and they plan to hoax her  With her father's consent – who is paid 300 guilder – Mariett is drugged and in her dreams she sees herself as a princess  When she awakes in Robert's palais the men proceed with their hoax, with Robert himself acting as “princess” Mariett's driver  Three days later, however, the fun is over and Mariett is told the truth  She is deeply upset about being had in such a way  So she decides to leave the village to seek her fortune in the big wide world 
Riding a train on her journey she plays her harmonica and dances  A bar operator who watches Mariett is delighted by her unsophisticated naivety, but also her outstanding entertaining talent  So he hires her as a show act for his Paris establishment  And soon the simple Dutch girl rises to be a number one star of the Paris show scene 
Meanwhile the two jokesters have heard about Mariett's racy success  As Robert has fallen in love with her he tries to find the way into her heart, what he undertakes on the skiing slopes and toboggan runs of Saint Moritz  On New Year's Eve Mariett and Robert are reconciled at last 

Production notes
Heut' tanzt Mariett was filmed between 28 November 1927 and 4 February 1928 in Staaken Studios (Berlin) and the location shots were done at Saint Moritz (Switzerland) 
On 10 March 1928 the motion picture passed censorship and was first released five days later in Beba-Palast Atrium, Berlin 
The movie was cleared for minors  It consisted of nine acts, the length of the reel being 2783 meters 
Passage 4:
Indru Nee Nalai Naan
Indru Nee Naalai Naan (transl  Today you, tomorrow me) is a 1983 Indian Tamil-language film, directed by Major Sundarrajan  The film stars Sivakumar, Jaishankar, Lakshmi and Sulakshana  It is based on the novel Thookku Mara Nizhalil by C  A  Balan  The film was released on 12 August 1983 

Plot
Marudhachalam marries Papathi, who prefers his brother Pazhaniappan  Papathi and Valli are childhood friends like sisters  Then Pazhaniappan marries Valli and has a child  Suddenly Marudhachalam dies before she gets to be with him intimately  She becomes a widow and raises Pazhaniappan's child  Now Papathi feels differently about Pazhaniappan and when Valli is gone, to have the second child, she asks Pazhaniappan to marry her  They both are on the way to get married, while they both change their minds  She goes back to being a widow and Pazhaniappan goes to see his wife and child  When Valli finds out, she tries to kill Papathi  Pazhaniappan tries to stop it, but Valli gets upset that he defends Papathi and she runs and falls into a well, hence committing suicide  Pazhaniappan goes to jail, stating he killed Valli as he feels guilty  He gets the death penalty  Papathi comes to see Pazhaniappan in the jail and he tells Papathi to marry someone else, but she refuses and commits suicide in front of Pazhaniappan 

Cast
Sivakumar as Pazhaniappan
Jaishankar as Marudhachalam
Lakshmi as Papathi
Sulakshana as Valli
Thengai Srinivasan as Doctor
Manorama as Kamalam
Major Sundarrajan as a police officer

Production
Indru Nee Naalai Naan was based on the novel Thookku Mara Nizhalil by C  A  Balan which was inspired from true events of his life  It was directed by Major Sundarrajan, his second directorial after Kalthoon (1982) and was produced by his younger brother Sampath alongside Pala  Karuppiah  The film was launched on 12 October 1982  The song "Kaangeyam Kaalaigale" was shot at Aathur Road, Salem  The scenes were also shot at Salem Prison with special permission  L  R  Shanmugam's home at Salem was used as Sivakumar's house for the film 

Soundtrack
Music was composed by Ilaiyaraaja  The song "Ponvaanam Panneer Thoovuthu" is set in the Carnatic raga Gourimanohari, and follows a 78 time signature  Writer Suka said the song uses the "spirit of the rain" to evoke love 

Release and reception
Indru Nee Naalai Naan was released on 12 August 1983  Jayamanmadhan of Kalki praised the performances of the actors and Ilaiyaraaja's music and concluded by praising Sundarrajan for properly narrating a story but felt the end monologue could have been avoided 
Passage 5:
Mara Triangle
The Mara Triangle is the southwestern part of the Maasai Mara National Reserve, Kenya, and is managed by the not-for-profit organisation The Mara Conservancy on behalf of Trans-Mara County Council 
Divided from the rest of the Maasai Mara National Reserve by the Mara River, the Mara Triangle is less visited and less crowded, with a fairly good concentration of wildlife all year-round including the Big Five (lion, leopard, elephant, buffalo and rhino) and diverse plains 'game' such as cheetah, hyena, jackal, wildebeest, zebra, giraffe, waterbuck and many other species 
The Mara Triangle is one of the areas where herds of the Great Migration enter and exit the Maasai Mara National Reserve from the Serengeti National Park in Tanzania, making it one of the prime viewing locations for this wildlife spectacle  Crossings of the Mara River are world-renown for being particularly dramatic, featuring in many wildlife documentaries such as Wild Africa and Big Cat Diary 

Geography
The Mara Triangle is one third of the Maasai Mara National Reserve, with an area of 510 km²  It has two natural borders and one political; to the southwest is the Tanzania/Serengeti border, to the east is the Mara River, and to the northwest is the Oldoinyio Escarpment (also called Oloololo or Siria Escarpment) 
The landscapes of the Mara Triangle include riverine forest, red oat grasslands, volcanic hills and the 400-metre high Oloololo Escarpment 

Tourism
The Mara Triangle is managed by the Mara Conservancy, under contract by the Trans-Mara county council, a local non profit organisation formed by the local Maasai people, and contains a number of anti-poaching units 
There are two permanent lodges inside the Mara Triangle - Mara Serena and Little Governors   There are a few camps on the park's periphery which offer game drives inside the park: Angama Mara, Bateleur Camp, Kichwa Tembo, Kilima Camp, Mara Engai Wilderness Lodge, Mara Siria, and Mpata Safari Club 
It is also possible to take your own camping gear and stay at one of the public or private campsites and a number of seasonal mobile camps are set up to coincide with the arrival of the megaherds of the Great Migration each year 
The Mara Triangle is easy to access by plane with Angama Mara Airfield, Kichwa Tembo, Mara North, Musiara and Serena airstrips, and with daily scheduled flights connecting it with other parks and reserves in Kenya, the Kenyan coast (Mombasa, Diani, Malindi) and Nairobi (Jomo Kenyatta and Wilson airports)  The Mara Triangle is also reachable by road 
Passage 6:
Ann Mara
Ann Mara (June 18, 1929 – February 1, 2015) was an American businesswoman, socialite, philanthropist, the wife  and later widow of Wellington Mara, and the matriarch of the Mara family, which includes New York Giants CEO John Mara, and her granddaughters, actresses Rooney Mara and Kate Mara 

Personal life
Mara was born Ann Maria Teresa Mumm in Manhattan, New York City, the daughter of Olive (née DuBord) and George Mumm  She was of German, French-Canadian, and Irish ancestry  She married Wellington Mara (1916–2005) in 1954 and had eleven children Ann Mumm met Wellington Mara by chance when a woman fainted at a 7:30 a m  Mass that they both regularly attended  Both Ann and Wellington rushed to her side to help  Three of their early dates took place at Yankee Stadium, Madison Square Garden, and the Fordham gymnasium  After that Ann and Wellington were married, in 1954  They took their honeymoon in Southern California  Ann and Wellington had 11 children (7 girls and 4 boys) and 42 grandchildren  All their girls attended Convent of the Sacred Heart 
Her husband is considered  to have been one of the most influential figures in the history of the National Football League as the owner of the New York Giants  Ann Mara had been called the "First Lady of Football"  As a philanthropist, she donated money to various causes  In November 2014 she dedicated the opening of a new building for the San Miguel Academy for children at risk, which was built through the NFL Snowflake Foundation 

Media attention
Mara was an active member of the Giants community  In 2012 she gained media attention after having an argument with Terry Bradshaw 

Death
Mara was in good health until she fell on ice when she was fetching her newspaper outside of her Harrison home  Mara's housekeeper usually went to get the paper but on that day Mara went to get it herself  She died from pneumonia two weeks after her fall, on February 1, 2015  She was 85 years old  She was remembered with a moment of silence during Super Bowl XLIX; also, the Giants wore a patch on the right side of their uniforms, near the shoulders during the following season in her memory, with the letters "ATM" in black on a white circle background 
Passage 7:
The Trial of Madame X
The Trial of Madame X is a 1948 British drama film directed by Paul England and starring England and Mara Russell-Tavernan  It is based on the 1908 play Madame X by the French playwright Alexandre Bisson (1848-1912) 

Plot
A woman is thrown out of her home by her jealous husband and sinks into depravity  Twenty years later, she finds herself accused of murder for saving her son, who does not know who she is  He finds himself defending her without knowing her background 

Cast
Mara Russell-Tavernan as Jacqueline
Paul England as Perrisard
Frank Hawkins as La Roque
Eddie Leslie as Raymond
Hamilton Deane as Noel
Hamilton Keene as Louis
Jean Le Roy as Madeleine

See also
Madame X

External links
The Trial of Madame X at IMDb
Passage 8:
Serengeti District
Serengeti District is one of the seven districts of Mara Region of Tanzania  Its administrative centre is the town of Mugumu  It is home to part of the world-famous Serengeti National Park a UNESCO World Heritage Site and contains one of the western gates to the park According to the 2012 Tanzania National Census, the population of Serengeti District was 249,420 

Transport
There are no paved roads connecting Serengeti District with the rest of the country  The unpaved trunk road T17 from Musoma to Arusha passes through the district from west to east 

Administrative subdivisions
As of 2012, Serengeti District was administratively divided into 28 wards 

Wards
Passage 9:
The Girl from Capri
The Girl from Capri (German: Das Mädel von Capri) is a 1924 German silent comedy film directed by Frederic Zelnik and starring Lya Mara, Ulrich Bettac and Robert Scholz  It premiered in Berlin on 10 July 1924 

Cast
Lya Mara
Ulrich Bettac
Robert Scholz
Hermann Böttcher
Julia Serda
Passage 10:
Rhône-Alpes
Rhône-Alpes (French pronunciation: [ʁon alp] (listen)) was an administrative region of France  Since 1 January 2016, it is part of the new region Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes  It is located on the eastern border of the country, towards the south  The region was named after the river Rhône and the Alps mountain range  Its capital, Lyon, is the second-largest metropolitan area in France after Paris  Rhône-Alpes has the sixth-largest economy of any European region 

Geography
Rhône-Alpes is located in the southeast of France  The neighboring (pre-2016) regions are Bourgogne (Burgundy) and Franche-Comté to the north, Auvergne to the west, Languedoc-Roussillon to the southwest, and Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur to the south  The eastern part of the region is in the Alps, and borders Switzerland and Italy  The highest peak is Mont Blanc, on the French-Italian border  The central part of the region comprises the river valleys of the Rhône and the Saône  The confluence of these two rivers is at Lyon  The western part of the region contains the start of the Massif Central mountain range  The region also borders or contains major lakes such as Lake Geneva (Lac Léman) and Lake Annecy  The Ardèche flows through the southwest portion of the region, where it has carved the deepest gorge in Europe 
As with the rest of France, French is the only official language of the region  Until the mid-20th century, Arpitan was widely spoken in the whole region, while many of the inhabitants of the south spoke varieties of Occitan; both are in steep decline in this region  There are immigrant populations from Armenia, Italy, North Africa, Poland and Portugal, and elsewhere 
Rhône-Alpes is made up of the following departments:

Ain (01)  Capital: Bourg-en-Bresse
Ardèche (07)  Capital: Privas
Drôme (26)  Capital: Valence
Isère (38)  Capital: Grenoble
Loire (42)  Capital: Saint-Étienne
Rhône (69)  Capital: Lyon
Savoie (73)  Capital: Chambéry
Haute-Savoie (74)  Capital: AnnecyAnd, since 2015, Metropolis with territorial collectivity statute:

Metropolis of Lyon (69)  Capital: Lyon

Lakes
There are six main lakes in Rhône-Alpes:

Lac de Paladru
Lac d'Aiguebelette
Lac du Bourget
Lac d'Annecy
Lac de Nantua
Lac Léman

Prefectures
Prefectures listed in descending order of size:

Lyon (Rhône)
Grenoble (Isère)
Saint-Étienne (Loire)
Valence (Drôme)
Chambéry (Savoie)
Annecy (Haute-Savoie)
Bourg-en-Bresse (Ain)
Privas (Ardèche)

History
Although there have been people in Rhône-Alpes since pre-historic times, the earliest recorded settlers of the region were the Gauls (Celts)  Cities such as Lyon were founded by them and the region traded with both northern and southern Europe  Most of the area became part of Roman territory during the invasion of Celtic Gaul led by Julius Caesar and was at various times part of the regions of Lugdunensis and Gallia  Lyon itself became a major city in the Roman Empire 
The region, excepting Savoy, was part of the Merovingian and Carolingian Kingdoms before becoming a royal territory under the Capetians  As it became a royal territory early on in French history, its cultural, political and economic influences and developments paralleled those of greater France  (See History of France )

Transportation
Rhône-Alpes is a major European transit hub, linking northern France and Europe to the Mediterranean area  Millions travel along its motorways in summertime from Paris to holidays at the sea  The E15 Euroroute (Britain to Spain) runs through the region  There are international airports at Lyon, Grenoble and Saint-Étienne and many other minor airports and airfields 
The region is also a transport hub for the rail network with the TGV running through Lyon from Paris and the north, to the Mediterranean  A high-speed rail link is planned from Lyon to Turin 

Economy
Rhône-Alpes is a prosperous region which can be seen by its per capita GDP of about €31,231 ($40,000), which is higher than the French average, and an average income of €35,910 ($50,246), its economy second in size only to Île-de-France in France  This can be attributed to the diversity of the production in different sectors  The region is one of the Four Motors for Europe 

Industry, in particular:
Light engineering and high-tech
Mechanical engineering in the area of Annecy
Precision machining in the area of Cluses
Services, in particular:
High-tech industries, nanotechnology, biotechnology especially in Grenoble with 62,300 jobs in these sectors thanks to the presence of the Polygone Scientifique, Inovallée and some large companies as Schneider Electric 
Optic and design in Saint-Étienne
Tourism with the Alps (for skiing), Lyon and Grenoble (for culture) and the Ardèche (adventure sports/camping) particularly popular
Education, with major universities in Lyon, Grenoble and Saint-Étienne In the past mining, especially coal mining was an important sector, particularly around Saint-Étienne, although this has declined since the 1970s 
The area of the region that lies close to Switzerland has an economy linked to that of Geneva  This area forms a hinterland for the Geneva hub The Triangle of Lyon, Saint-Étienne and Grenoble contribute a GDP of €145 billion to the region  Add Valence to it, it is almost €150 billion  In addition, Lyon alone has a Gross Metropolitan Product of about €85 billion 
The region has been part of Alps–Mediterranean Euroregion since 10 July 2007 

Major cities
Winter Olympics
Rhône-Alpes region has hosted the Winter Olympics three times; in 1924 at Chamonix, 1968 at Grenoble, and 1992 at Albertville 

Tourism
Situated between Paris and the Côte d’Azur, on the border with both Switzerland and Italy, and offering access to two international airports (Lyon and Geneva), rail connections and a vast motorway network, the Rhône-Alpes region is at "the crossroads of Europe" 
Boasting eight natural parks and peerless sites such as Mont Blanc and the Gorges de l’Ardèche, Rhône-Alpes offers a wide range of different landscapes: mountains, vineyards and gentle valleys, fields of lavender and olive groves 
Every form of sport is readily available, set against a natural backdrop: skiing, hiking, mountain biking or even paragliding and canoeing  Besides hosting three Winter Olympics games due to its being the largest ski area in the world, Rhône-Alpes is the second most important golfing region in France with over 60 courses 

Enthusiasts of art and culture will not be disappointed by the region's Villes d’Art: Lyon, which is classified by UNESCO as a World Heritage site, Annecy, Grenoble, Chambéry, and Saint-Étienne 
And last but not least, connoisseurs of good food and wine will be spoilt for choice by the range of local specialties available to taste along with a Beaujolais or a Côtes du Rhône, and by the sheer number of famous restaurants (with Paul Bocuse at the top of the list) in the region 

Gastronomy
Lyon is noted as a gastronomic centre of France and specialities served in its traditional bouchons include Lyon sausage, sophisticated salami (known there as "rosette"), tripe and quenelles  In the east of the region the food has an Alpine flavour with dishes such as fondue, raclette common, gratin dauphinois and gratin savoyard  The region is also famous for its Bresse poultry and the many varieties of cheese including Tomme de Savoie, Bleu de Bresse, Reblochon, Saint-Marcellin and Vacherin du Haut-Doubs Wines in this region include Beaujolais, Côtes du Rhône and Savoy wine  Chartreuse liqueur is made in the region 
Lyon is the home of very typical and traditional restaurants: the bouchons  Bouchons are usually convivial restaurants serving local dishes, and local wines 
Lyon is famous for its morning snacks, the mâchons, made up of local charcuterie, especially the rosette and usually accompanied by Beaujolais red wine  Traditional local dishes include saucisson de Lyon (sausage), andouillette, coq au vin, esox (pike) quenelle, gras double (tripe cooked with onions), salade lyonnaise (lettuce with bacon, croûtons and a poached egg), marrons glacés and cardoon au gratin 

See also
List of châteaux in Rhône-Alpes
Transport in Rhône-Alpes
Passage 11:
Trans Mara District
Trans Mara District was an administrative district in the former Rift Valley Province of Kenya  Its capital town was Kilgoris  The district had a population of 170,591 (1999 census) and an area of 2,846 km² [1]  It was created in 1994, when Trans Mara District was split from Narok District 
The Mara Triangle (part of the Masai Mara reserve) is located in Trans-Mara District  The district had only one local authority, Trans Mara county council  Kilgoris Constituency was the only constituency of the district 
Under the 2010 Constitution of Kenya and the new devolved form of government, the Trans Mara area was merged into Narok County   It continues as the Kilgoris Constituency electorally and administratively 
Its name refers to the territory "across the Mara River" from the perspective of the rest of Narok County   The term "Trans Mara" is still used to refer to the geographical area 

External links
Aridland go ke
Reliefweb int
Passage 12:
A Ghost Story
A Ghost Story is a 2017 American supernatural drama film written and directed by David Lowery and starring Casey Affleck and Rooney Mara, with Will Oldham, Liz Cardenas Franke, Sonia Acevedo, and Rob Zabrecky in supporting roles  It is about a man who becomes a ghost and remains in the house he shared with his wife 
The film had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2017, and was released by A24 in the United States on July 7, 2017  It received positive reviews from critics 

Plot
A woman mentions to her musician husband that she moved a lot as a child and took to hiding little notes wherever she lived  The couple are in disagreement about moving away  Occasionally they hear strange noises and one night there is a loud bang, the source of which they are unable to define 
Shortly afterwards the husband is killed in a car accident a short distance from the house  At the hospital his wife views his body, covering it with a sheet before departing  The husband awakens and, still covered by the sheet, wanders through the hospital  He is invisible to the living, as he is now a ghost  A door of light opens before him but he makes no attempt to approach it and it closes 
The ghost walks home and sees Linda, his landlord, drop off a pie  When the wife gets home she sits on the floor and eats the pie until she vomits 
Unable to communicate, the ghost watches while the wife grieves and then begins to proceed with her life  In the house next door he sees a ghost covered by a flower-print sheet who communicates that it is waiting for someone, though it does not remember who 
The wife comes home with a man whom she kisses in the doorway, and the ghost makes the lights flicker and knocks books from a shelf  Later, the wife listens to one of her husband's songs and recalls when he played her the recording for the first time  She moves away but first writes a short note and hides it in a gap between some molding, which she paints over  The ghost picks at the paint but he is unable to reach the note 
A Spanish-speaking mother moves into the house with her young son and daughter  The ghost watches them eat, play the piano and celebrate Christmas  The children begin to sense his presence and become frightened  One night, the ghost knocks a framed photo of the family off the piano and smashes dishes in the kitchen  The family moves out and the ghost again scrapes at the paint 
At a party thrown by the next occupants a woman says she has stopped working on her novel and a man responds by musing about what the point is of any creative pursuit, even one as uplifting and universally known as Beethoven's 9th Symphony, given that the sun will eventually engulf Earth and the universe will eventually rip itself apart  The partygoers notice the lights flicker 
The house is abandoned and becomes derelict and the ghost's efforts to retrieve the note are interrupted by a bulldozer crashing through a wall  The house next door is also torn down and the flower-print ghost communicates that it does not think whoever it is waiting for is coming, and it disappears from beneath its sheet  A skyscraper is built where the house was and, when the work is done, the ghost looks at a futuristic cityscape from a balcony before jumping off the ledge 
The celestial sphere rotates in reverse, and the ghost finds himself in a field in the 19th century with a man who is driving stakes into the ground  The man's wife and three daughters arrive in a covered wagon, and the family prepares to build a house  The youngest daughter writes a note and hides it under a rock while humming the tune of the husband's song  Native Americans attack and kill the family, and the ghost watches the girl's corpse decay 
Back in the house, which is empty except for the piano, the ghost sees himself and his wife enter and look around, and his life in the house repeats itself  The husband's resistance to the wife's desire to move causes tension in their relationship and, the night before his death, he finally acquiesces  Hearing this, the ghost sits down heavily at the piano, causing the bang that had earlier startled himself and his wife  Later, the ghost watches his earlier ghost-self watch the wife leave the house for the last time  He retrieves the note and, upon reading it, disappears, his empty sheet collapsing to the floor 

Cast
Production
Development
David Lowery had wanted to make a film featuring a man in a rudimentary ghost costume "for a while", telling Comingsoon net: "I just loved that image  I love taking something that is understood to be funny or charming or sweet or naive and instilling it with some degree of gravity " When he and his wife got in an argument about moving back to Texas, he began to write down the argument "thinking about my own attachment to physical spaces " After he thought to combine this with the idea about the ghost costume, he came up with the basic concept for the movie fairly quickly and began to write the screenplay in the spring of 2016  Lowery also used the film to work through what he termed "An existential crisis" brought on by reading an article about the possibility of a catastrophic earthquake, saying: "I was not feeling optimistic about the future of mankind  I felt the world was on its way to ending  The film became my way of dealing with those issues " The film's atypical 1 33:1 aspect ratio was chosen by Lowery partially because he thought it was thematically appropriate: "It’s about someone basically trapped in a box for eternity, and I felt the claustrophobia of that situation could be amplified by the boxiness of the aspect ratio "The ghost costume that was ultimately designed for the film ended up being more complicated than Lowery had anticipated  At first, the filmmakers attempted to simply use a normal bed sheet, but they found that even a king-sized sheet does not fully cover an adult male  The final costume required Affleck to wear certain other garments beneath the fabric to achieve the desired look, and the filmmakers found they had to resort to some "puppeteering" to keep the eyes in place  Beyond the practical constraints of the costume, Lowery also found that it impeded Affleck's ability to act, noting: "every unique physical trait as a human being was pronounced and exaggerated by this sheet over his head " This did not give Lowery the results he wanted, and he eventually solved the problem by reducing the amount Affleck moved, so "it became a matter of patience and posture and moving very specifically, slowly and rigidly "

Filming
Principal photography began in June 2016  The majority of the film takes place within a single house, which was chosen by Lowery because it closely resembled the first house he lived in with his wife  As the house was about to be demolished, the film crew were allowed to use it for free  Some shots of the ghost, specifically those done during pickups or reshoots, do not feature Affleck, instead replacing him with the film's art director, David Pink, who was found to have a similar build As the filmmakers did not know how the final product would turn out, the film was shot in secret and not officially announced until November 2016, at which point it was confirmed that Mara and Affleck were the leads  It was later revealed that Kesha would appear in the film in a cameo role 

Music
Daniel Hart composed the score for the film, as he had for all of Lowery's previous features and one short film  A soundtrack of the score was released by Milan Records on July 7, 2017 

Release
Prior to the film's world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival on January 22, 2017, A24 acquired its worldwide distribution rights  The company released the film in the United States on July 7, 2017 

Box office
The film earned $104,030 from four theaters during its opening weekend (an average per-location gross of $26,008), finishing in 26th place at the American box office  By the end of its theatrical run, it had grossed $1,596,371 domestically and $355,312 internationally, for a worldwide total of just under $2 million 

Reception
Critical response
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 91% based on 285 reviews, with an average score of 8/10; the website's "critics consensus" reads: "A Ghost Story deftly manages its ambitious themes through an inventive, artful, and ultimately poignant exploration of love and loss " On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average rating of 84 out of 100 based on reviews from 46 critics, indicating "universal acclaim" Peter Debruge of Variety gave the film a positive review, writing: "While Lowery's actual method of delivery may not be scary, it's sure to haunt those who open themselves up to the experience " David Rooney of The Hollywood Reporter also gave the film a positive review, writing: "A poetic meditation on time, memory and spiritual connection that is utterly true to its title " Eric Kohn of IndieWire gave the film an "A" rating, calling it "an extraordinary mood piece that amounts to [Lowery's] best movie yet " Gary Thompson of the Philadelphia Inquirer gave the film two and a half stars out of four and wrote: "The movie is trippy and almost willfully opaque—all I can say for sure is I left A Ghost Story feeling full "Richard Brody, writing for The New Yorker, included A Ghost Story in his list of the 27 best films of the decade 

Accolades
On September 9, 2017, the film won three awards at the 43rd Deauville American Film Festival: the Revelation Prize, the Critics Prize and the Jury Prize; additionally, David Lowery was nominated for the Grand Special Prize  On October 14, the film won two awards at the Sitges Film Festival: Best Photography and the Carnet Jove Jury Award  At the Fantasia Film Festival, the film won the Camera Lucida Award 
Passage 13:
Mara Marini
Mara Marini is a Canadian actress best known for her reoccurring role as Brandi Maxxxx in the NBC comedy series Parks and Recreation  She has performed in several independent films and plays in the Los Angeles theater scene, as well as making other television appearances 

Early life
Mara Marini was born in Winnipeg, Manitoba, and had wanted to be an actress since the age of four  She was accepted to the University of Hawaii for marine biology, but ultimately attended York University in Toronto  After graduating, she auditioned for and was accepted to the American Academy of Dramatic Arts in Los Angeles, where she moved to study acting 

Career
Marini appeared in a number of independent films starting in the mid-2000s, particularly horror films, including In The Dark (2004), Slaughterhouse Phi: Death Sisters (2006), Darkworld (2006), Blood Legend (2006), Gothic Vampires from Hell (2007) and Munch (2008)  She has also experimented with stand-up comedy Marini, who had some theater experience in Canada, started performing on stage in the Los Angeles area, and became an active member of The Road Theatre Company  Among her credits with that company in 2007 was "Biblio," a Wayne Peter Liebman one-act play about a girl whose psychological issues invoke a barrage of images, including a Marilyn Monroe character portrayed by Marini  Also in 2007, she appeared in "Bitch", a dark comedy by Susan Rubin that played at the Bootleg Theater  Marini portrayed a giddy receptionist who has an affair with one of the main characters, a hedonistic public relations firm partner  In 2008, she appeared in a Road Theatre production of "The Friendly Hour" at the Road Theatre, playing one of a group of South Dakota housewives whose life stories are told over a 73-year period Marini appeared in the 2008 horror short film Deader Living Through Chemistry, a horror short film about zombies that appeared on the DVD release of George A  Romero's film Diary of the Dead  In 2009, Marini performed in a 15-week run of "Bram Stoker's Dracula" at the NoHo Theatre in Los Angeles, directed by Ken Sawyer  She portrayed Mina Harker, although on rare occasions she served as an understudy for the Lucy Westenra role  Marini received positive reviews; in a review of one of her Lucy performances, Culture Spot LA writer Julie Riggott said she "made a convincing transformation from meek innocent to voluptuous vampire"  Robert Machray of BlogCritics org wrote she "should get an award for her bloodcurdling screams" Marini had a supporting role in the 2009 film Ballistica, and played a Texan art dealer in the film The Back-Up Bride (2010)  She appeared in the film Psychosomatika (2010) after director Jeff Graham, who directed her in Blood Legend, contacted her and asked her to audition for a role  Also in 2010 she appeared in comedy sketches for the E! late night talk show Chelsea Lately, and a commercial for the website Vevo with American Idol runner-up Adam Lambert  Marini filmed a number of television pilots around this time, including ones for the Spike and the Oxygen channels Marini was cast in a guest appearance in the NBC comedy series Parks and Recreation as Brandi Maxxxx, a pornographic film actress  Marini had previously participated in a workshop with Dorian Frankel, the show's casting director, before auditioning for the Brandi Maxxxx role  Marini was concerned she didn't do her best at the audition, but was nevertheless chosen for the role  She first appeared in the third season episode "Jerry's Painting", which originally aired on April 28, 2011  In the episode, Brandi appears on a television news program along with Leslie Knope (Amy Poehler) in which Leslie is defending a painting that depicts her as a centaur with her breasts exposed  While Leslie defends the artistic merit of the painting, Brandi defends the painting while simultaneously comparing it to pornography, unwittingly undermining Leslie's arguments  Marini later reprised the role in the fourth season episode "The Debate", where Brandi Maxxxx ran for city council against Leslie and participated in a political debate against Bobby Newport (Paul Rudd) and two other candidates Marini returned to the stage in 2011, appearing in the Laurel Ollstein comedy "Esther's Moustache" at the Studio/Stage Theatre in Los Angeles  The play was about a female artist who draws magazine cartoons of beautiful goddesses, and Marini played Lilith, a sex-obsessed imaginary goddess who appears before the protagonist as her alter ego  She received positive reviews for the performance  LA Weekly writer Steven Leigh Morris called her a "scene-stealer", and the Los Angeles Times called her "an amusingly empty-headed statuesque siren"  Natalia Evdikimova of Culver City News wrote that Marini was "superbly cast" and "hard to ignore", adding: "Mara Marini is everything that a sex-loving goddess should be: bossy, sassy and provocative"  In 2011, Marini also appeared in the ABC legal drama series The Whole Truth, and that show's casting director called her for auditions in several other television roles Marini appeared in the 2012 film Sushi Girl, reuniting Marini with director Kern Saxton, who directed her in Deader Living Through Chemistry  Marini also portrayed Gloria, who she described as a "Marilyn Monroe-type scarlet-wannabe", in the 2013 film Rock and Roll: The Movie  She also has filmed performances for the upcoming films Alongside the Night and King of the Road 

Filmography
Passage 14:
Philippine television drama
Philippine television drama, also known as teledrama, Filipino telenovelas or P-drama, is a form of melodramatic, serialized, televised fiction in the Philippines  Teledrama is derived from two Filipino words: "tele", short for "telebisyón" (television) and "drama" (drama series) 
Teledramas share characteristics with and have roots similar to soap operas and telenovelas  They have evolved into a genre with unique characteristics, however, and often reflect Filipino social reality  Teledramas are aired in the afternoon and prime time, five days a week  Their audience crosses age and gender lines, and they have the highest advertising rates in the Philippine television industry  Series last from three months to a year or longer, depending on ratings 
Philippine TV dramas also include serials and anthologies, usually shown weekly  These dramas have a finite number of episodes and usually last one season, again depending on ratings 

History
1940s-1980s
Soap operas in the Philippines began with Gulong ng Palad (Wheel of Fortune) on radio in 1949, and the genre expanded into television during the early 1960s  The first Philippine TV soap opera was Hiwaga sa Bahay na Bato (Mystery at the Stone House) in 1963, produced by ABS-CBN  Larawan ng Pag-ibig (Picture of Love), Prinsipe Amante (Prince Amante), and a number of others followed Gulong ng Palad, co-written by Loida Virina, was the longest-running radio serial and ran until the mid-1980s  Its TV version starred Marianne Dela Riva and Ronald Corveau and introduced young actors, including Romnick Sarmenta  Veteran actress Caridad Sanchez enhanced the series' popularity 
The government closed several networks (including ABS-CBN) during the 1972–1986 martial-law period, leaving RPN and GMA the country's only two commercial television networks  The lack of a diverse media base aided the emergence of nationwide satellite broadcasting, and competition between the two networks spurred afternoon and prime-time sitcoms and serials  Philippine TV schedules resembled those in the U S , with networks scheduling shows in daily time blocks instead of separate weekday and weekend programming 
RPN produced María Flordeluna, starring Janice de Belén  Its cast also included Dindo Fernando and actress-director Laurice Guillen  GMA produced Anna Liza, starring Julie Vega  Before the introduction of a TV ratings system in the Philippines during the 1990s, the shows were rivals  Anna Liza, canceled in 1985 after Vega's death, had an unfinished storyline and a two-hour special in 1986 

1990s
Until the late 1980s, Philippine television dramas were broadcast during the afternoon  ABS-CBN resumed operations after the end of the Marcos dictatorship in 1986, and regained its audience lead by the end of the decade  During the early and mid-1990s, local sitcoms dominated Philippine television with the rise of ABS-CBN's Palibhasa Lalake, Home Along Da Riles, Oki Doki Doc and the political satire Abangan Ang Susunod Na Kabanata and GMA Network's Bubble Gang  International television swept the Philippines, beginning with Mexican telenovelas 
The decade is considered the golden age of Philippine television drama  Most, such as Agila, Anna Luna, Valiente and Mara Clara, were aired on ABS-CBN 
The most popular was the Las Tres Marias trilogy, produced by Televisa and starring Thalía  Marimar and Maria la del Barrio were broadcast in prime time on RPN, and Maria Mercedes was broadcast on ABS-CBN)  Major networks began to reschedule Filipino telenovelas in prime time to attract increased advertising revenue  By the mid-1990s, teledramas surpassed sitcoms in Filipino prime-time television 
One of the country's best-known TV series was Mara Clara, which aired from 1992 to 1997  The longest-running teledrama in the post-martial-law era, it had frequent time-slot changes before settling into the standard 7-8:00 pm prime-time block by late 1995  In mid-1997, Mula sa Puso (another ABS-CBN series) saw the rise of Claudine Barretto  Barretto played the heiress Via in the two-year soap; Rico Yan and Diether Ocampo were her leading men, and Princess Punzalan played Selina (the series' most influential character)  Mula Sa Puso was the country's first middle-class primetime series, differing from the telenovelas with protagonists from the lower socioeconomic classes 
GMA retained and popularized its afternoon dramas, such as 1995–1997's Villa Quintana (with Donna Cruz, Keempee de Leon and Isabel Rivas); it was followed by 1997–1998's Ikaw na Sana, with Angelu de Leon and Bobby Andrews  Both were moved to prime time 

2000s
Philippine television dramas evolved into teleserye, a portmanteau of the Filipino words telebisyon ("television") and serye ("series")  The term originated with the ABS-CBN drama Pangako Sa 'Yo, airing from 2000 to 2002 and starring Jericho Rosales and Kristine Hermosa, and the rivalry between actresses Eula Valdez and Jean Garcia  Pangako Sa'Yo, the Philippines' first teleserye, was considered a turning point in Philippine television because of its production and fast-paced, multiple-arc plotlines which distinguished it from telenovelas  Broadcast in the Americas, Africa and Asia, it remains the most successful Philippine television series worldwide  At the end of its run in 2002, Pangako Sa 'Yo had the highest-rated series-finale episode of a Philippine show  Kay Tagal Kang Hinintay, which ended in 2003, was the Philippines' first series which was a finalist in the Best Drama Series category of the 2003 International Emmy Awards 
ABS-CBN's 2004's Marina popularized the fantasy of most Filipino teleseryes  GMA Network's political drama Kung Mawawala Ka examined corruption, starring Eddie Garcia; it ran from 2001 to 2002, and received an award from the Philippine Movie Press Club (PMPC) 
Sana'y Wala Nang Wakas, aired between 2003 and 2004, was the world's first drama series to allow viewers to choose a story's ending by texting  A contemporary ABS-CBN teleserye, Basta't Kasama Kita, starred Judy Ann Santos and Robin Padilla; notable for its depiction of the National Bureau of Investigation, it was the first Filipino series to broadcast a live series-finale episode in 2004  In 2004, GMA Network overtook ABS-CBN in popularity when it introduced an all-fantaserye prime-time lineup featuring female-lead shows such as Encantadia and Mulawin  GMA gained a ratings foothold with Darna, starring Angel Locsin 
The Philippines emerged as one of the world's largest television-drama-producing nations in the middle of the decade  International hits included ABS-CBN's 2006 Gulong ng Palad, starring Kristine Hermosa and TJ Trinidad, which was carried on TFC  A 2007 remake of Maria Flordeluna, which had aired on RPN-9 during the 1970s and 1980s, starred Eliza Pineda; the 93-episode series received the 2008 PMPC Star Award for Best Television Series 
TV adaptations of films included ABS-CBN's Panday (starring Jericho Rosales and Heart Evangelista), Mga Anghel na Walang Langit and Kampanerang Kuba, starring Anne Curtis  The "sineserye" genre was introduced with Bituing Walang Ningning, starring Sarah Geronimo and Angelika de la Cruz 
2005 marked the start of domination of religious-oriented teleseryes, and trend of airing family-oriented drama series produced by ABS-CBN's Dreamscape Entertainment on series based on Fernando Poe Jr 's movies with Mga Anghel na Walang Langit which lasted for 210 episodes from May 9, 2005, to February 2006  Religious teleseryes continued to dominate on the following years and decades 
Late in the decade, GMA-7 and ABS-CBN became rivals  GMA aired its 2007 remake of the international telenovela MariMar  Three ABS-CBN series became popular: the remake of the 1977–1985 soap opera Gulong ng Palad, the teleserye Sa Piling Mo and the series Maging Sino Ka Man—the most popular teleserye internationally after Pangako Sa'Yo 
ABS-CBN produced its most expensive series, Lobo, in 2008; it starred Piolo Pascual and Angel Locsin—the first Filipino nominated for an International Emmy for a lead role  I Love Betty La Fea, a Filipino remake of the Colombian telenovela Yo soy Betty, la fea, was broadcast that same year; it was the most successful Philippine remake of a Latin telenovela since GMA Network's Marimar remake the year before 

2010s
ABS-CBN and GMA Network both claimed to be the Philippines' most popular network  GMA Network began appealing to viewers in Mega Manila during the mid-2000s; ABS-CBN's prime-time shows attracted viewers in other parts of the country, particularly Visayas and Mindanao  Philippine media experts attributed the trend to ABS-CBN's return to Filipino programming 
The 2010s featured two successful teleseryes (Dahil May Isang Ikaw and May Bukas Pa)  Dahil May Isang Ikaw began during the previous decade and ended on January 15, 2010  Religious teleseryes continued dominating television from the late 2000s since the premiere of Mga Anghel na Walang Langit on May 9, 2005  Among these religious teleseryes aired during the 2010s include May Bukas Pa, 100 Days to Heaven, Oh My G!, and Nathaniel, all of which were aired on ABS-CBN 
With the earlier success of the 2007 remake of Maria Flordeluna and the 2010 remake of Mara Clara (which introduced Julia Montes and Kathryn Bernardo), ABS-CBN popularized the revival of teen-themed telenovelas  Mara Clara's success inspired a remake of 1997's Mula sa Puso  In 2011, a number of actors moved between ABS-CBN and GMA Network  Both networks' hold on prime-time television was challenged by TV5's teleserye Babaeng Hampaslupa 
Teleseryes began to include storylines reflecting contemporary Philippine controversy  ABS-CBN's 2012 Walang Hanggan addressed adultery, while the network's 2012–2013 series Ina, Kapatid, Anak explored surrogate motherhood 
GMA Network premiered the big-budget historical drama series Amaya, starring Marian Rivera; Rivera also appeared in Temptation Of Wife, the Filipino version of a popular Korean series, with Dennis Trillo  Trillo later appeared in the 2013 teleserye My Husband's Lover, the Philippines' first gay-themed prime-time series 
ABS-CBN's 2014 series, The Legal Wife, was followed by the 2015 remake of Pangako Sa'Yo, starring Kathryn Bernardo and Daniel Padilla  The 2015 teleseryes Bridges of Love was broadcast as Puentes de Amor; the first Philippine drama aired in Latin America, it premiered on April 25, 2016, on Panamericana Televisión in Peru  The 2017–2018 series Wildflower was the first Philippine prime-time teleserye to explore nepotism, human rights abuses and mental illness 
The decade marked the renewed popularity of long-running dramas after the early 2000s  May Bukas Pa, which premiered in the previous 2000s decade on February 2, 2009 and ended in the 2010s decade on February 5, 2010, ran for 1 year and 3 days  Be Careful With My Heart aired for 2 years from 2012 to 2014  from 2014 to 2016, GMA broadcast The Half Sisters  ABS-CBN's afternoon teleserye Doble Kara ran between 2015 and 2017  Ang Probinsyano, starred by Coco Martin, attracted national attention for depicting the Philippine Drug War and the Philippine National Police despite renewed MTRCB censorship, ran for 7 years from September 28, 2015 and ended in the 2020s decade on August 12, 2022, and currently holds the title for being the country's longest-running drama series since June 26, 2020 which surpassed the five-year run 1992–1997's Mara Clara  GMA Network dominated the late afternoon between 2016 and 2018 with its teleserye Ika-6 na Utos  Kadenang Ginto, also aired on ABS-CBN, premiered on October 8, 2018, and ended in the next decade on February 7, 2020 
Live teleserye finales returned for the first time since GMA's 2007 remake of Marimar  ABS-CBN's On the Wings of Love starred James Reid and Nadine Lustre  Born for You was the first musical teleserye since ABS-CBN's 2006 TV version of Bituing Walang Ningning 
ABS-CBN's series 2019 military drama The General's Daughter was replaced by The Killer Bride, which has been praised for depicting the Duterte administration 

2020s
Teleserye production was suspended In 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic  Interest in boys' love series developed after the Thai series 2gether: The series aired on ABS-CBN's Kapamilya Channel and blocktime agreement with ZOE Broadcasting Network through A2Z On June 26, 2020, the action drama series Ang Probinsyano surpassed the 1992–1997 series Mara Clara upon airing its 1,166th episode, with the former now the longest-running drama series on Philippine television since the said date 
Domination of religious-oriented drama series continued throughout the 2020s decade, with teleseryes belonging to this genre that aired in the 2020s are Huwag Kang Mangamba topbilled by The Gold Squad (Andrea Brillantes, Seth Fedelin, Kyle Echarri, and Francine Diaz), Maria Clara at Ibarra, and FPJ's Batang Quiapo 
After 7 years of airing, Ang Probinsyano ended on August 12, 2022, with 1,696 episodes and was replaced with the 2022 version of Darna, marking the change in ABS-CBN's primetime slot after its news program TV Patrol that was not seen since the start of airing of the said action drama series on September 28, 2015 

Impact
Philippine TV drama became popular during the early 2000s in Asia, Africa and Filipino communities in North America  Teleseryes have evolved from the telenovelas on which they were based  Philippine teleseryes have also attracted audiences in Indonesia, Malaysia and China  Often dubbed into local languages, they are sometimes shown with English and other foreign subtitles 
ABS-CBN and GMA were among the first Asian television producers to export dramas with a universal message, reflecting the reality of Filipino and other Asian societies  Pangako Sa 'Yo is the Philippines' most successful TV series worldwide  Before leading the Chinese television ratings during the mid-2000s, the series was seen by over one billion viewers in Southeast Asia and Africa  ABS-CBN introduced its International Sales website, providing access to its shows  The network shows Sana Maulit Muli (Taiwan), Lobo (dubbed as She-Wolf: The Last Sentinel), Tayong Dalawa, Dahil May Isang Ikaw, Kahit Isang Saglit, Katorse, Mara Clara, Magkaribal, Be Careful With My Heart (Vietnam) and Walang Hanggan were exported  They were followed by Ina, Kapatid, Anak, May Bukas Pa, Forevermore, Till I Met You, Wildflower and Ang Probinsyano 
GMA Network has the highest-rated pilot episodes with Darna and Encantadia in 2005, and made fantaserye a popular genre  The network produced Boys Next Door, a teen melodrama which was the first Philippine television series aired in South Korea  The 2007 Philippine adaptation of MariMar, GMA's most successful domestic television series, was also aired in Thailand, Malaysia, China, Singapore, Indonesia, Cambodia, Vietnam, Uganda, Tanzania, Kenya and Hawaii  Other GMA shows, such as Habang Kapiling Ka, Kahit Kailan, Bakekang, Muli, Impostora, Mga Mata ni Anghelita, Dyesebel and Encantadia, are still broadcast elsewhere in Asia and Africa 
Ang Probinsyano has had a wide-ranging effect on Philippine pop culture and society  Called the Pambansang Teleserye, the series has been nominated for and received a number of awards The show is widely regarded for tackling timely issues, and has generated controversy for its negative portrayal of the government and its agencies  It was defended, with viewers saying that the government should take heed  The series has been considered a kingmaker, with a high endorsement value in the 2019 midterm elections, and is a desirable platform for actors wishing to run for public office  A party list with the show's name, endorsed by series leads Coco Martin and Yassi Pressman, finished fifth in 2019 and won a seat in the House of Representatives  The series' lead character, Cardo Dalisay, has been called "steadfast and incorruptible"  Ang Probinsyano is popular, and has been credited with reviving the action genre in film and television  Netflix streams the show under its international title, Brothers 

Adaptations
Philippine television dramas have spawned adaptations in other Asian countries:
Impostora (GMA): Impostors, Cambodia, 2012
Pangako Sa 'Yo (ABS-CBN): The Promise (សន្យាស្នេហ៍), Cambodia, 2013
Sana'y Wala Nang Wakas (ABS-CBN): Cinta Tiada Ganti, Malaysia, 2018
Kadenang Ginto (ABS-CBN): Putri Mahkota, Indonesia, 2020
Love Thy Woman (ABS-CBN): Belenggu Dua Hati, Indonesia, 2020
Sino ang Maysala?: Mea Culpa (ABS-CBN): Bukan Salah Cinta, Indonesia, 2020
Tayong Dalawa (ABS-CBN): Angkara Cinta, Malaysia, 2020
Hanggang Saan (ABS-CBN): Bir Annenin Günahı, Turkey, 2020
Forevermore (ABS-CBN): Vermem Seni Ellere, Turkey, 2023

See also
Television in the Philippines
List of Philippine drama series
List of ABS-CBN drama series
List of programs aired by TV5 (Philippine TV network)
List of GMA Network original drama series
Passage 15:
Labanoras Regional Park
Labanoras Regional Park, established in 1992, is located 80 kilometers northeast of Lithuania's capital, Vilnius  Covering 553 18 km², it is the largest regional park in the country  Its administration is in the small town of Labanoras 

Nature

The park contains about 70 lakes; about 80% of its land is forested  Its floral biodiversity is high, and it is home to the densest population of nesting white stork couples in Europe  It also contains areas with archeological, architectural, ethnographic, and historic value 
It is the largest Lithuania regional park, distinguished by a variety of landscapes, extremely rich flora and fauna  The largest part of the park is occupied by forests (80%), mostly pine forests  Labanoras forest with abundant wetlands and lakes is characterized by an abundance of protected species  Lakes occupy 14 percent  park areas  Spectacular Black Lakajai and White Lakajai, Stirniai, Siesartis and other lakes in Molėtai Lake District, 15 8 km long Aisetas lake  Lakaja, one of the most beautiful and exotic rivers, was loved not only by water birds but also by water tourists 
There are 285 lakes in Labanoras Regional Park - the largest of all Lithuanian regional parks  Largest: Stirniai, White Lakajai, Kertuojai  About 30 streams flow through the park  These are Lakaja, Peršokšna, Dumblė, Luknelė  In addition to these water bodies, the park protects swamp ecosystems, valuable calcareous marshes 
A whole complex of high marshes and lakeside low marshes is protected - Kanija raistas and many larger and smaller wetlands  In the Girutiškis Nature Reserve here, the Beržalotas upland swamp shines with the mirrors of the lakes 
Pine forests make up 81 percent  of all the forests in the park  Along with abundant lakes, swamps, hilly and undulating terrain, they are very picturesque 
The distant surroundings of Aukštaitija National Park can be seen from the observation tower of the Lithuanian Museum of Ethnocosmology 
The park is a famous breeding ground for elks,  wolves  and lynxes 
Passage 16:
Kirumi Bridge
Kirumi Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge in northern Tanzania across the Mara River on the border of Butiama and Rorya Districts of Mara Region  Its construction was financed via a loan from the African Development Fund  It was inaugurated in October 1985 by Julius Nyerere, the country's first president 



ground_truth: Matthew Lawrence

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Which country has a body of water that was inspiration for the name of the Mara Region?

The following are given passages.
Context 4:  Trudeau's supposed republicanism seemed to be confirmed by his antics, such as sliding down banisters at Buckingham Palace and pirouetting behind Elizabeth's back in 1977, and the removal of various Canadian royal symbols during his term of office  In 1980, Canadian politicians sent to London to discuss the patriation of the Canadian constitution found Elizabeth "better informed     than any of the British politicians or bureaucrats"  She was particularly interested after the failure of Bill C-60, which would have affected her role as head of state 

Press scrutiny and Thatcher premiership
During the 1981 Trooping the Colour ceremony, six weeks before the wedding of Prince Charles and Lady Diana Spencer, six shots were fired at Elizabeth from close range as she rode down The Mall, London, on her horse, Burmese  Police later discovered the shots were blanks  The 17-year-old assailant, Marcus Sarjeant, was sentenced to five years in prison and released after three  Elizabeth's composure and skill in controlling her mount were widely praised  That October, Elizabeth was the subject of another attack while on a visit to Dunedin, New Zealand  Christopher John Lewis, who was 17 years old, fired a shot with a  22 rifle from the fifth floor of a building overlooking the parade but missed  Lewis was arrested, but instead of being charged with attempted murder or treason was sentenced to three years in jail for unlawful possession and discharge of a firearm  Two years into his sentence, he attempted to escape a psychiatric hospital with the intention of assassinating Charles, who was visiting the country with Diana and their son Prince William 

From April to September 1982, Elizabeth's son Andrew served with British forces in the Falklands War, for which she reportedly felt anxiety and pride  On 9 July, she awoke in her bedroom at Buckingham Palace to find an intruder, Michael Fagan, in the room with her  In a serious lapse of security, assistance only arrived after two calls to the Palace police switchboard  After hosting US president Ronald Reagan at Windsor Castle in 1982 and visiting his California ranch in 1983, Elizabeth was angered when his administration ordered the invasion of Grenada, one of her Caribbean realms, without informing her Intense media interest in the opinions and private lives of the royal family during the 1980s led to a series of sensational stories in the press, pioneered by The Sun tabloid  As Kelvin MacKenzie, editor of The Sun, told his staff: "Give me a Sunday for Monday splash on the Royals  Don't worry if it's not true—so long as there's not too much of a fuss about it afterwards " Newspaper editor Donald Trelford wrote in The Observer of 21 September 1986: "The royal soap opera has now reached such a pitch of public interest that the boundary between fact and fiction has been lost sight of     it is not just that some papers don't check their facts or accept denials: they don't care if the stories are true or not " It was reported, most notably in The Sunday Times of 20 July 1986, that Elizabeth was worried that Margaret Thatcher's economic policies fostered social divisions and was alarmed by high unemployment, a series of riots, the violence of a miners' strike, and Thatcher's refusal to apply sanctions against the apartheid regime in South Africa  The sources of the rumours included royal aide Michael Shea and Commonwealth secretary-general Shridath Ramphal, but Shea claimed his remarks were taken out of context and embellished by speculation  Thatcher reputedly said Elizabeth would vote for the Social Democratic Party—Thatcher's political opponents  Thatcher's biographer, John Campbell, claimed "the report was a piece of journalistic mischief-making"  Reports of acrimony between them were exaggerated, and Elizabeth gave two honours in her personal gift—membership in the Order of Merit and the Order of the Garter—to Thatcher after her replacement as prime minister by John Major  Brian Mulroney, Canadian prime minister between 1984 and 1993, said Elizabeth was a "behind the scenes force" in ending apartheid 

In 1986, Elizabeth paid a six-day state visit to the People's Republic of China, becoming the first British monarch to visit the country  The tour included the Forbidden City, the Great Wall of China, and the Terracotta Warriors  At a state banquet, Elizabeth joked about the first British emissary to China being lost at sea with Queen Elizabeth I's letter to the Wanli Emperor, and remarked, "fortunately postal services have improved since 1602"  Elizabeth's visit also signified the acceptance of both countries that sovereignty over Hong Kong would be transferred from the United Kingdom to China in 1997 By the end of the 1980s, Elizabeth had become the target of satire  The involvement of younger members of the royal family in the charity game show It's a Royal Knockout in 1987 was ridiculed  In Canada, Elizabeth publicly supported politically divisive constitutional amendments, prompting criticism from opponents of the proposed changes, including Pierre Trudeau  The same year, the elected Fijian government was deposed in a military coup  As monarch of Fiji, Elizabeth supported the attempts of Governor-General Ratu Sir Penaia Ganilau to assert executive power and negotiate a settlement  Coup leader Sitiveni Rabuka deposed Ganilau and declared Fiji a republic 

Turbulent 1990s and annus horribilis
In the wake of coalition victory in the Gulf War, Elizabeth became the first British monarch to address a joint meeting of the United States Congress in May 1991 

On 24 November 1992, in a speech to mark the Ruby Jubilee of her accession to the throne, Elizabeth called 1992 her annus horribilis (a Latin phrase, meaning "horrible year")  Republican feeling in Britain had risen because of press estimates of Elizabeth's private wealth—contradicted by the Palace—and reports of affairs and strained marriages among her extended family  In March, her second son, Prince Andrew, separated from his wife, Sarah, and Mauritius removed Elizabeth as head of state; her daughter, Princess Anne, divorced Captain Mark Phillips in April; angry demonstrators in Dresden threw eggs at Elizabeth during a state visit to Germany in October; and a large fire broke out at Windsor Castle, one of her official residences, in November  The monarchy came under increased criticism and public scrutiny  In an unusually personal speech, Elizabeth said that any institution must expect criticism, but suggested it might be done with "a touch of humour, gentleness and understanding"  Two days later, John Major announced plans to reform the royal finances, drawn up the previous year, including Elizabeth paying income tax from 1993 onwards, and a reduction in the civil list  In December, Prince Charles and his wife, Diana, formally separated  At the end of the year, Elizabeth sued The Sun newspaper for breach of copyright when it published the text of her annual Christmas message two days before it was broadcast  The newspaper was forced to pay her legal fees and donated £200,000 to charity  Elizabeth's solicitors had taken successful action against The Sun five years earlier for breach of copyright after it published a photograph of her daughter-in-law the Duchess of York and her granddaughter Princess Beatrice In January 1994, Elizabeth broke the scaphoid bone in her left wrist as the horse she was riding at Sandringham tripped and fell  In October 1994, she became the first reigning British monarch to set foot on Russian soil  In October 1995, Elizabeth was tricked into a hoax call by Montreal radio host Pierre Brassard impersonating Canadian prime minister Jean Chrétien  Elizabeth, who believed that she was speaking to Chrétien, said she supported Canadian unity and would try to influence Quebec's referendum on proposals to break away from Canada In the year that followed, public revelations on the state of Charles and Diana's marriage continued  In consultation with her husband and John Major, as well as the Archbishop of Canterbury (George Carey) and her private secretary (Robert Fellowes), Elizabeth wrote to Charles and Diana at the end of December 1995, suggesting that a divorce would be advisable In August 1997, a year after the divorce, Diana was killed in a car crash in Paris  Elizabeth was on holiday with her extended family at Balmoral  Diana's two sons, Princes William and Harry, wanted to attend church, so Elizabeth and Philip took them that morning  Afterwards, for five days, the royal couple shielded their grandsons from the intense press interest by keeping them at Balmoral where they could grieve in private, but the royal family's silence and seclusion, and the failure to fly a flag at half-mast over Buckingham Palace, caused public dismay  Pressured by the hostile reaction, Elizabeth agreed to return to London and address the nation in a live television broadcast on 5 September, the day before Diana's funeral  In the broadcast, she expressed admiration for Diana and her feelings "as a grandmother" for the two princes  As a result, much of the public hostility evaporated In October 1997, Elizabeth and Philip made a state visit to India, which included a controversial visit to the site of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre to pay her respects  Protesters chanted "Killer Queen, go back", and there were demands for her to apologise for the action of British troops 78 years earlier  At the memorial in the park, she and Philip laid a wreath and stood for a 30‑second moment of silence  As a result, much of the fury among the public softened, and the protests were called off  That November, Elizabeth and her husband held a reception at Banqueting House to mark their golden wedding anniversary  Elizabeth made a speech and praised Philip for his role as a consort, referring to him as "my strength and stay" In 1999, as part of the process of devolution within the UK, Elizabeth formally opened newly established legislatures for Wales and Scotland: the National Assembly for Wales at Cardiff in May, and the Scottish Parliament at Edinburgh in July 

Golden Jubilee
On the eve of the new millennium, Elizabeth and Philip boarded a vessel from Southwark, bound for the Millennium Dome  Before passing under Tower Bridge, Elizabeth lit the National Millennium Beacon in the Pool of London using a laser torch  Shortly before midnight, she officially opened the Dome  During the singing of Auld Lang Syne, Elizabeth held hands with Philip and British prime minister Tony Blair In 2002, Elizabeth marked her Golden Jubilee, the 50th anniversary of her accession  Her sister and mother died in February and March, respectively, and the media speculated on whether the Jubilee would be a success or a failure  She again undertook an extensive tour of her realms, beginning in Jamaica in February, where she called the farewell banquet "memorable" after a power cut plunged King's House, the official residence of the governor-general, into darkness  As in 1977, there were street parties and commemorative events, and monuments were named to honour the occasion  One million people attended each day of the three-day main Jubilee celebration in London, and the enthusiasm shown for Elizabeth by the public was greater than many journalists had anticipated 

In 2003, Elizabeth sued the Daily Mirror for breach of confidence and obtained an injunction which prevented the outlet from publishing information gathered by a reporter who posed as a footman at Buckingham Palace  The newspaper also paid £25,000 towards her legal costs  Though generally healthy throughout her life, in 2003 she had keyhole surgery on both knees  In October 2006, she missed the opening of the new Emirates Stadium because of a strained back muscle that had been troubling her since the summer In May 2007, citing unnamed sources, The Daily Telegraph reported that Elizabeth was "exasperated and frustrated" by the policies of Tony Blair, that she was concerned the British Armed Forces were overstretched in Iraq and Afghanistan, and that she had raised concerns over rural and countryside issues with Blair  She was, however, said to admire Blair's efforts to achieve peace in Northern Ireland  She became the first British monarch to celebrate a diamond wedding anniversary in November 2007  On 20 March 2008, at the Church of Ireland St Patrick's Cathedral, Armagh, Elizabeth attended the first Maundy service held outside England and Wales Elizabeth addressed the UN General Assembly for a second time in 2010, again in her capacity as Queen of all Commonwealth realms and Head of the Commonwealth  The UN secretary-general, Ban Ki-moon, introduced her as "an anchor for our age"  During her visit to New York, which followed a tour of Canada, she officially opened a memorial garden for British victims of the 9/11 attacks  Elizabeth's 11-day visit to Australia in October 2011 was her 16th visit to the country since 1954  By invitation of the Irish president, Mary McAleese, she made the first state visit to the Republic of Ireland by a British monarch in May 2011 

Diamond Jubilee and longevity
Elizabeth's 2012 Diamond Jubilee marked 60 years on the throne, and celebrations were held throughout her realms, the wider Commonwealth, and beyond  She and her husband undertook an extensive tour of the United Kingdom, while her children and grandchildren embarked on royal tours of other Commonwealth states on her behalf  On 4 June, Jubilee beacons were lit around the world  On 18 December, she became the first British sovereign to attend a peacetime Cabinet meeting since George III in 1781 Elizabeth, who opened the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, also opened the 2012 Summer Olympics and Paralympics in London, making her the first head of state to open two Olympic Games in two countries  For the London Olympics, she played herself in a short film as part of the opening ceremony, alongside Daniel Craig as James Bond  On 4 April 2013, she received an honorary BAFTA for her patronage of the film industry and was called "the most memorable Bond girl yet" at the award ceremony 

On 3 March 2013, Elizabeth stayed overnight at King Edward VII's Hospital as a precaution after developing symptoms of gastroenteritis  A week later, she signed the new Charter of the Commonwealth  Because of her age and the need for her to limit travelling, in 2013 she chose not to attend the biennial Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting for the first time in 40 years  She was represented at the summit in Sri Lanka by Prince Charles  On 20 April 2018, the Commonwealth heads of government announced that Charles would succeed her as Head of the Commonwealth, which she stated was her "sincere wish"  She underwent cataract surgery in May 2018  In March 2019, she gave up driving on public roads, largely as a consequence of a car crash involving her husband two months earlier Elizabeth surpassed her great-great-grandmother, Queen Victoria, to become the longest-lived British monarch on 21 December 2007, and the longest-reigning British monarch and longest-reigning queen regnant and female head of state in the world on 9 September 2015  She became the oldest current monarch after King Abdullah of Saudi Arabia died on 23 January 2015  She later became the longest-reigning current monarch and the longest-serving current head of state following the death of King Bhumibol of Thailand on 13 October 2016, and the oldest current head of state on the resignation of Robert Mugabe of Zimbabwe on 21 November 2017  On 6 February 2017, she became the first British monarch to commemorate a sapphire jubilee, and on 20 November, she was the first British monarch to celebrate a platinum wedding anniversary  Philip had retired from his official duties as the Queen's consort in August 2017 

COVID-19 pandemic
On 19 March 2020, as the COVID-19 pandemic hit the United Kingdom, Elizabeth moved to Windsor Castle and sequestered there as a precaution  Public engagements were cancelled and Windsor Castle followed a strict sanitary protocol nicknamed "HMS Bubble" 

On 5 April, in a televised broadcast watched by an estimated 24 million viewers in the UK, she asked people to "take comfort that while we may have more still to endure, better days will return: we will be with our friends again; we will be with our families again; we will meet again " On 8 May, the 75th anniversary of VE Day, in a television broadcast at 9 pm—the exact time at which her father George VI had broadcast to the nation on the same day in 1945—she asked people to "never give up, never despair"  In October, she visited the UK's Defence Science and Technology Laboratory in Wiltshire, her first public engagement since the start of the pandemic  On 4 November, she appeared masked for the first time in public, during a private pilgrimage to the Tomb of the Unknown Warrior at Westminster Abbey, to mark the centenary of his burial  In 2021, she received her first and second COVID-19 vaccinations in January and April respectively Prince Philip died on 9 April 2021, after 73 years of marriage, making Elizabeth the first British monarch to reign as a widow or widower since Queen Victoria  She was reportedly at her husband's bedside when he died, and remarked in private that his death had "left a huge void"  Due to the COVID-19 restrictions in place in England at the time, Elizabeth sat alone at Philip's funeral service, which evoked sympathy from people around the world  In her Christmas broadcast that year, which was ultimately her last, she paid a personal tribute to her "beloved Philip", saying, "That mischievous, inquiring twinkle was as bright at the end as when I first set eyes on him" Despite the pandemic, Elizabeth attended the 2021 State Opening of Parliament in May, and the 47th G7 summit in June  On 5 July, the 73rd anniversary of the founding of the UK's National Health Service, she announced that the NHS would be awarded the George Cross to "recognise all NHS staff, past and present, across all disciplines and all four nations"  In October 2021, she began using a walking stick during public engagements for the first time since her operation in 2004  Following an overnight stay in hospital on 20 October, her previously scheduled visits to Northern Ireland, the COP26 summit in Glasgow, and the 2021 National Service of Remembrance were cancelled on health grounds  On Christmas Day 2021, while she was staying at Windsor Castle, 19-year-old Jaswant Singh Chail broke into the gardens using a rope ladder and carrying a crossbow with the aim of assassinating Elizabeth in revenge for the Amritsar massacre  Before he could enter any buildings, he was arrested and detained under the Mental Health Act  In 2023, he pled guilty to attempting to injure or alarm the sovereign 

Platinum Jubilee
Elizabeth's Platinum Jubilee began on 6 February 2022, marking 70 years since she acceded to the throne on her father's death  On the eve of the date, she held a reception at Sandringham House for pensioners, local Women's Institute members and charity volunteers  In her accession day message, Elizabeth renewed her commitment to a lifetime of public service, which she had originally made in 1947 Later that month, Elizabeth had "mild cold-like symptoms" and tested positive for COVID-19, along with some staff and family members  She cancelled two virtual audiences on 22 February, but held a phone conversation with British prime minister Boris Johnson the following day amid a crisis on the Russo-Ukrainian border, following which she made a donation to the Disasters Emergency Committee (DEC) Ukraine Humanitarian Appeal  On 28 February, she was reported to have recovered and spent time with her family at Frogmore  On 7 March, Elizabeth met Canadian prime minister Justin Trudeau at Windsor Castle, in her first in-person engagement since her COVID diagnosis  She later remarked that COVID infection "leave[s] one very tired and exhausted     It's not a nice result" Elizabeth was present at the service of thanksgiving for Prince Philip at Westminster Abbey on 29 March, but was unable to attend the annual Commonwealth Day service that month or the Royal Maundy service in April, due to "episodic mobility problems"  She missed the State Opening of Parliament in May for the first time in 59 years  (She did not attend the 1959 and 1963 state openings as she was pregnant with Prince Andrew and Prince Edward, respectively ) In her absence, Parliament was opened by the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Cambridge as counsellors of state During the Platinum Jubilee celebrations, Elizabeth was largely confined to balcony appearances and missed the National Service of Thanksgiving  For the Jubilee concert, she took part in a sketch with Paddington Bear that opened the event outside Buckingham Palace  On 13 June, she became the second-longest reigning monarch in history among those whose exact dates of reign are known, with 70 years, 127 days reigned—surpassing King Bhumibol Adulyadej of Thailand  On 6 September, she appointed her 15th British prime minister, Liz Truss, at Balmoral Castle in Scotland  This marked the only time she did not receive a new prime minister at Buckingham Palace during her reign  No other British reign had seen so many prime ministers  The Queen's last public message was issued on 7 September to her Canadian people, in the aftermath of the Saskatchewan stabbings Elizabeth never planned to abdicate, though she took on fewer public engagements as she grew older and Prince Charles took on more of her duties  The Queen told Canadian governor-general Adrienne Clarkson in a meeting in 2002 that she would never abdicate, saying "It is not our tradition  Although, I suppose if I became completely gaga, one would have to do something"  In June 2022, Elizabeth met the Archbishop of Canterbury, Justin Welby, who "came away thinking there is someone who has no fear of death, has hope in the future, knows the rock on which she stands and that gives her strength "

Death
On 8 September 2022, Buckingham Palace released a statement which read: "Following further evaluation this morning, the Queen's doctors are concerned for Her Majesty's health and have recommended she remain under medical supervision  The Queen remains comfortable and at Balmoral " Her immediate family rushed to Balmoral to be by her side  She died peacefully at 15:10 BST at the age of 96, with two of her children, Charles and Anne, by her side  Her death was announced to the public at 18:30, setting in motion Operation London Bridge and, because she died in Scotland, Operation Unicorn  Elizabeth was the first monarch to die in Scotland since James V in 1542  Her death certificate recorded her cause of death as "old age" On 12 September, Elizabeth's coffin was carried up the Royal Mile in a procession to St Giles' Cathedral, where the Crown of Scotland was placed on it  Her coffin lay at rest at the cathedral for 24 hours, guarded by the Royal Company of Archers, during which around 33,000 people filed past the coffin  It was taken by air to London on 13 September  On 14 September, her coffin was taken in a military procession from Buckingham Palace to Westminster Hall, where Elizabeth lay in state for four days  The coffin was guarded by members of both the Sovereign's Bodyguard and the Household Division  An estimated 250,000 members of the public filed past the coffin, as did politicians and other public figures  On 16 September, Elizabeth's children held a vigil around her coffin, and the next day her eight grandchildren did the same 

Elizabeth's state funeral was held at Westminster Abbey on 19 September, which marked the first time that a monarch's funeral service had been held at the Abbey since George II in 1760  More than a million people lined the streets of central London, and the day was declared a holiday in several Commonwealth countries  In Windsor, a final procession involving 1,000 military personnel took place, which 97,000 people witnessed  Elizabeth's fell pony, and two royal corgis, stood at the side of the procession  After a committal service at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, Elizabeth was interred with her husband Philip in the King George VI Memorial Chapel later the same day, in a private ceremony attended by her closest family members 

Legacy
Beliefs, activities, and interests
Elizabeth rarely gave interviews, and little was known of her political opinions, which she did not express explicitly in public  It is against convention to ask or reveal the monarch's views  When Times journalist Paul Routledge asked her about the miners' strike of 1984–85 during a royal tour of the newspaper's offices, she replied that it was "all about one man" (a reference to Arthur Scargill), with which Routledge disagreed  Routledge was widely criticised in the media for asking the question and claimed that he was unaware of the protocols  After the 2014 Scottish independence referendum, Prime Minister David Cameron was overheard saying that Elizabeth was pleased with the outcome  She had arguably issued a public coded statement about the referendum by telling one woman outside Balmoral Kirk that she hoped people would think "very carefully" about the outcome  It emerged later that Cameron had specifically requested that she register her concern Elizabeth had a deep sense of religious and civic duty, and took her Coronation Oath seriously  Aside from her official religious role as Supreme Governor of the established Church of England, she worshipped with that church and with the national Church of Scotland  She demonstrated support for inter-faith relations and met with leaders of other churches and religions, including five popes: Pius XII, John XXIII, John Paul II, Benedict XVI and Francis  A personal note about her faith often featured in her annual Christmas Message broadcast to the Commonwealth  In 2000, she said:
To many of us, our beliefs are of fundamental importance  For me the teachings of Christ and my own personal accountability before God provide a framework in which I try to lead my life  I, like so many of you, have drawn great comfort in difficult times from Christ's words and example 
Elizabeth was patron of more than 600 organisations and charities  The Charities Aid Foundation estimated that Elizabeth helped raise over £1 4 billion for her patronages during her reign  Her main leisure interests included equestrianism and dogs, especially her Pembroke Welsh Corgis  Her lifelong love of corgis began in 1933 with Dookie, the first corgi owned by her family  Scenes of a relaxed, informal home life were occasionally witnessed; she and her family, from time to time, prepared a meal together and washed the dishes afterwards 

Media depiction and public opinion
In the 1950s, as a young woman at the start of her reign, Elizabeth was depicted as a glamorous "fairytale Queen"  After the trauma of the Second World War, it was a time of hope, a period of progress and achievement heralding a "new Elizabethan age"  Lord Altrincham's accusation in 1957 that her speeches sounded like those of a "priggish schoolgirl" was an extremely rare criticism  In the late 1960s, attempts to portray a more modern image of the monarchy were made in the television documentary Royal Family and by televising Prince Charles's investiture as Prince of Wales  Elizabeth also instituted other new practices; her first royal walkabout, meeting ordinary members of the public, took place during a tour of Australia and New Zealand in 1970  Her wardrobe developed a recognisable, signature style driven more by function than fashion  In public, she took to wearing mostly solid-colour overcoats and decorative hats, allowing her to be seen easily in a crowd At Elizabeth's Silver Jubilee in 1977, the crowds and celebrations were genuinely enthusiastic; but, in the 1980s, public criticism of the royal family increased, as the personal and working lives of Elizabeth's children came under media scrutiny  Her popularity sank to a low point in the 1990s  Under pressure from public opinion, she began to pay income tax for the first time, and Buckingham Palace was opened to the public  Although support for republicanism in Britain seemed higher than at any time in living memory, republican ideology was still a minority viewpoint, and Elizabeth herself had high approval ratings  Criticism was focused on the institution of the monarchy itself, and the conduct of Elizabeth's wider family, rather than her own behaviour and actions  Discontent with the monarchy reached its peak on the death of Diana, Princess of Wales, although Elizabeth's personal popularity—as well as general support for the monarchy—rebounded after her live television broadcast to the world five days after Diana's death 

In November 1999, a referendum in Australia on the future of the Australian monarchy favoured its retention in preference to an indirectly elected head of state  Many republicans credited Elizabeth's personal popularity with the survival of the monarchy in Australia  In 2010, Prime Minister Julia Gillard noted that there was a "deep affection" for Elizabeth in Australia and that another referendum on the monarchy should wait until after her reign  Gillard's successor, Malcolm Turnbull, who led the republican campaign in 1999, similarly believed that Australians would not vote to become a republic in her lifetime  "She's been an extraordinary head of state", Turnbull said in 2021, "and I think frankly, in Australia, there are more Elizabethans than there are monarchists"  Similarly, referendums in both Tuvalu in 2008 and Saint Vincent and the Grenadines in 2009 saw voters reject proposals to become republics Polls in Britain in 2006 and 2007 revealed strong support for the monarchy, and in 2012, Elizabeth's Diamond Jubilee year, her approval ratings hit 90 per cent  Her family came under scrutiny again in the last few years of her life due to her son Andrew's association with convicted sex offenders Jeffrey Epstein and Ghislaine Maxwell, his lawsuit with Virginia Giuffre amidst accusations of sexual impropriety, and her grandson Harry and his wife Meghan's exit from the working royal family and subsequent move to the United States  Polling in Great Britain during the Platinum Jubilee, however, showed support for maintaining the monarchy and Elizabeth's personal popularity remained strong  As of 2021 she remained the third most admired woman in the world according to the annual Gallup poll, her 52 appearances on the list meaning she had been in the top ten more than any other woman in the poll's history Elizabeth was portrayed in a variety of media by many notable artists, including painters Pietro Annigoni, Peter Blake, Chinwe Chukwuogo-Roy, Terence Cuneo, Lucian Freud, Rolf Harris, Damien Hirst, Juliet Pannett and Tai-Shan Schierenberg  Notable photographers of Elizabeth included Cecil Beaton, Yousuf Karsh, Anwar Hussein, Annie Leibovitz, Lord Lichfield, Terry O'Neill, John Swannell and Dorothy Wilding  The first official portrait photograph of Elizabeth was taken by Marcus Adams in 1926 

Titles, styles, honours, and arms
Titles and styles
Elizabeth held many titles and honorary military positions throughout the Commonwealth, was sovereign of many orders in her own countries and received honours and awards from around the world  In each of her realms, she had a distinct title that follows a similar formula: Queen of Saint Lucia and of Her other Realms and Territories in Saint Lucia, Queen of Australia and Her other Realms and Territories in Australia, etc  In the Isle of Man, which is a Crown Dependency rather than a separate realm, she was known as Lord of Mann  Elizabeth was also styled Defender of the Faith 

Arms
From 21 April 1944 until her accession, Elizabeth's arms consisted of a lozenge bearing the royal coat of arms of the United Kingdom differenced with a label of three points argent, the centre point bearing a Tudor rose and the first and third a cross of St George  Upon her accession, she inherited the various arms her father held as sovereign  Elizabeth also possessed royal standards and personal flags for use in the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Jamaica, and elsewhere 

Issue
Ancestry
See also
Finances of the British royal family
Household of Elizabeth II
List of things named after Elizabeth II
List of jubilees of Elizabeth II
List of special addresses made by Elizabeth II
Royal eponyms in Canada
Royal descendants of Queen Victoria and of King Christian IX
List of covers of Time magazine (1920s), (1940s), (1950s), (2010s)

Notes
Passage 4:
Wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth
The wedding dress of Princess Elizabeth (the future Queen Elizabeth II) was worn at her wedding to Philip Mountbatten, Duke of Edinburgh on 20 November 1947 in Westminster Abbey  Given the rationing of clothing at the time, she still had to purchase the material using ration coupons  The dress was designed by Norman Hartnell  Hartnell's signature was said to be embroidery, and he enjoyed "working with soft, floating fabrics, particularly tulle and chiffon, and with plain, lustrous silks"  The dress was made of Chinese silk, with a high neckline, tailored bodice and a short train  Without straps and with long sleeves, it provided a "fit and flare silhouette" 

Design
The wedding was a royal event held following the end of the Second World War  The dress, designed by the Court Designer Norman Hartnell, had a star-patterned fan-shaped bridal train that was 13 feet (4 0 m) in length  The train, symbolic of rebirth and growth after the war, was stated to be inspired by Botticelli's c  1482 painting of Primavera, particularly the elaborate embroidery motifs of scattered flowers on the rich satin dress and the tulle veil worn by the royal bride  The material used was ivory silk and a diamond fringe tiara secured her veil  The dress was decorated with crystals and 10,000 seed pearls, imported from the United States of America  Hartnell, who had been Court Designer since 1938, claimed it as "the most beautiful dress I had so far made" On account of the austerity measures following the war, Princess Elizabeth had to use clothing ration coupons to show her entitlement to the dress  The government allowed her 200 extra ration coupons  She was given hundreds of clothing coupons by brides-to-be from all parts of the country to help her acquire the dress  She had to return these coupons as it was illegal for them to have been given away in the first instance The designs for the dress were approved three months before the wedding  Hartnell's search for suitable designs in London art galleries had led to him to the Botticelli figure  This was the inspiration for the use of ivory silk with flower designs of jasmine, smilax, lilac and white rose-like blossoms added to the train, embellished by white crystals and pearls  These motifs were transferred to drawings to enable embroidery experts to work on them  The dress featured a "heart-shaped neckline and long tight sleeves" The silk cloth was chosen at the specific directive of her mother, the Queen, who desired an "unusually rich, lustrous stiff satin which was made at Lullingstone Castle"  The silkworms to manufacture the silk were bought from Nationalist China, and not from Japan and Fascist Italy, the UK's enemies during the war  Satin was chosen for the train, and a more flexible material of the same tone as the train was chosen for the dress  However, in spite of the careful choice of the silk, the curator of the London Museum observed 30 years later when the dress was on display at the museum that "the choice of silk was not a good one" as the fabric had deteriorated considerably due to being weighted with tin salts, effectively rotting the fabric  It was also noted that the "weight of the embroidery dragged the skirt down, increasing the strain on the weave " Round the hem of the dress, "a border of orange blossom was appliqued with transparent tulle outlined in seed pearls and crystal" The final design of the dress was kept secret, although much speculation surrounded it  It was said the princess feared that if details were published fashion house copies would make it impossible for her to make last-minute design alterations  The dress was taken to the palace a day before the wedding in a 4-foot (1 2 m) box  On the wedding day, the dress glittered, bejewelled with pearls "skilfully combined with flowing lines of wheat ears, the symbol of fertility, and worked in pearl and diamante "

Similarities
Princess Elizabeth's wedding dress has drawn parallels with both the similarly designed dress worn by Grace Kelly in 1956 and the "Westminster décor" wedding dress that Sarah Burton at Alexander McQueen designed for Catherine Middleton; particular points of similarity have been highlighted in the pleats and silhouette of the skirt The dress was put on display at St James's Palace and was then exhibited in the major cities and towns of the UK 

See also
Coronation gown of Elizabeth II
List of individual dresses



ground_truth: Tanzania