prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: In what region of the country of S-Fone is The place of birth of John Phan located?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Broward Correctional Institution
The Broward Correctional Institution (BCI) was a correctional facility located in the former Country Estates CDP and in Southwest Ranches, Florida, operated by the Florida Department of Corrections  The Region IV Correctional Facility Office is located on the grounds of Broward Correctional Institution in the former Country Estates CDP  The prison was in proximity to Pembroke Pines  It was located along Sheridan Street, near U S  Route 27 The facility was opened in 1977 to house a male inmate population  However, in its history the prison has had only female inmates  It housed female death row inmates until February 2003 when the female death row was moved to Lowell Annex  The Broward Correctional Institution served as a reception center for female inmates  As of 2011, a staff of approximately 272 individuals serviced the facility  As of 2012 624 prisoners, all female, were housed there  The facility was closed in 2012  Closure was scheduled for May 1 of that year  The Fort Lauderdale Sun-Sentinel said "BCI was determined to have a relatively low population and a high per diem inmate cost of $111 48 " ($145 02 when adjusted for inflation)

Notable inmates
Death row:

Judy Buenoano
Aileen Wuornos
Passage 2:
Shooter (TV series)
Shooter is an American drama television series based on the 2007 film of the same name and the first three novels in the Bob Lee Swagger series by Stephen Hunter  The show stars Ryan Phillippe in the lead role of Swagger, a retired United States Marine Corps Scout Sniper from MARSOC living in seclusion who is coaxed back into action after learning of a plot to kill the President  USA Network picked up the pilot in August 2015 and ordered the series in February 2016 The series was originally set to premiere on July 19, 2016, but it was postponed to July 26 due to the July 7 Dallas police officer shootings  USA pulled it entirely after the Baton Rouge police officer shootings on July 17  On October 3, 2016, USA announced that the new premiere date for Shooter would be November 15, 2016  On December 19, 2016, the series was renewed for a second season that premiered on July 18, 2017  On December 4, 2017, the series was renewed for a third season On August 15, 2018, USA Network canceled Shooter after three seasons, and its final episode aired on September 13, 2018 

Cast and characters
Main
Ryan Phillippe as Bob Lee Swagger, a highly trained, retired Marine Gunnery Sergeant and MARSOC Scout Sniper
Shantel VanSanten as Julie Swagger, Bob Lee's wife
Cynthia Addai-Robinson as Nadine Memphis, an FBI agent investigating Swagger
Omar Epps as Isaac Johnson, a Secret Service Agent who is also a former Marine Captain and was Swagger's commanding officer in MARSOC
Eddie McClintock as Jack Payne, a figure involved in the conspiracy against Swagger (season 1; guest, season 3)
Josh Stewart as Solotov, a Chechen master sniper with whom Bob Lee has tangled before (seasons 2–3)
Jesse Bradford as Harris Downey, a D C  staffer who was once involved with Nadine (recurring, season 2; main, season 3)
Gerald McRaney as Red Bama Sr , owner of Bama Cattle and an Undersecretary in the Department of Agriculture (season 3)

Recurring
David Andrews as Sam Vincent, Bob Lee's close friend and lawyer  (season 1, 3)
David Marciano as Howard Utey, Nadine Memphis' superior at the FBI (season 1)
Lexy Kolker as Mary Swagger, Bob Lee's and Julie's daughter
William Fichtner as Rathford O'Brien, Bob Lee's former shooting instructor
Tom Sizemore as Hugh Meachum, a CIA black ops operative with mysterious motives (season 1)
Rob Brown as Donny Fenn, Swagger's best friend and spotter who was killed by Solotov (seasons 1–2)
Sean Cameron Michael as Grigory Krukov, a Russian FSB agent (season 1)
Delaina Mitchell as Anna Wallingford, Julie's married sister and Mary's aunt (season 1, 3)
David Chisum as Jim Wallingford, Anna's husband and Julie's brother in law (season 1)
Michelle Krusiec as Lin Johnson, Isaac's loyal wife (season 1-2)
Matt Shallenberger as John Wheeler, a mysterious and deadly Atlas operative (guest: season 1, recurring: season 3)
Desmond Harrington as Lon Scott, the CEO of Anhur Dynamics (season 1)
Beverly D'Angelo as Patricia Gregson, a former National Security Advisor
Jerry Ferrara as Kirk Zehnder, a former marine who always detects a conspiracy and is part of the core team of Bob Lee Swagger (season 2)
Todd Lowe as Colin Dobbs, a former marine in Swagger's unit, now living in Texas an hour from the Swagger Ranch (season 2)
Patrick Sabongui as Yusuf Ali, a core member of Swagger's original Marine team (season 2)
Jaina Lee Ortiz as Angela Tio, an active duty Marine who formerly served with Bob Lee's unit (season 2)
John Marshall Jones as Sheriff Brown, the local law enforcement in Bob Lee's hometown and a long-time friend (season 2–3)
Harry Hamlin as Sen  Addison Hayes, a mysterious and powerful mastermind whose agenda will collide with Swagger (seasons 2–3)
Troy Garity as Jeffrey Denning, a seasoned investigative journalist who cares deeply about justice being served (season 2)
Derek Phillips as Earl Swagger, Bob Lee's father, a Vietnam veteran who was sheriff in Bob Lee's hometown before he was killed in 1988 (season 3)
Tait Blum as Young Bob Lee (season 3)
Conor O'Farrell as Rick Culp, a West Texas prison guard who may have been involved in Earl Swagger's death (season 3)
Eric Ladin as Red Bama Jr , Red Sr's screw-up of a son who desperately wants his father's respect and confidence (season 3)
Brian Letscher as Bert Salinger, an employee of Red Bama Sr  who watches over Red Jr  (season 3)
Felisha Terrell as Carlita Cruise, a former Atlas operative embedded in the Dept  of Agriculture who helps Nadine and Isaac take down her former employers (season 3)
Mallory Jansen as Margo, an Agent for the Department of Justice who has been attempting to bring down Atlas for years (season 3)
Kurt Fuller as Andrew Gold, the Deputy Chief of Staff to the U S  President and high ranking Atlas member (season 3)
Dee Wallace as Katherine Mansfield, the long-time former mission planner for Atlas who is now forced to reside in a mental institution (season 3)
Michael O'Neill as Ray Brooks, a Federal judge nominated for a vacancy on the U S  Supreme Court and Atlas operative (season 3)

Production
On July 6, 2016, while filming a scene at Agua Dulce Airpark, actor Tom Sizemore accidentally ran over a stuntman  Sizemore was supposed to enter the Cadillac Escalade and stay there until the scene ended, but the stunt coordinator told him to pull out, not realizing that the stuntman was behind him On July 26, 2017, the second-season episode order was cut back from the planned ten episodes to the eight episodes already filmed after Ryan Phillippe broke his leg on July 16, 2017, in an incident unrelated to the series About the cancellation, Omar Epps said: “That was all backdoor politics  It had nothing to do with the numbers  Me and Ryan [Phillippe] had a great time  We were like kids in a candy store  We used to laugh every day we showed up to work, like, 'We're kids again!' We just get to run and jump, push, punch  You know, stuff that little boys do  It was like playing in the playground in the sandbox  I had a great, great time on that show  I have a lot of respect for John Hlavin, who's a showrunner on there  And like I said, Ryan and I got cool and had a great time on that show  That was just the backdoor politics “

Episodes
Season 1 (2016–17)
Based on the novel Point of Impact by Stephen Hunter 

Season 2 (2017)
Based on the novel Time to Hunt by Stephen Hunter 

Season 3 (2018)
Based on the novel Black Light by Stephen Hunter 

Broadcast
Shooter aired on Thursdays at 10:00 pm on USA Network  The episodes are approximately 43 minutes, and are broadcast in both high- and standard definition  In addition, the streaming service Netflix started to broadcast the series in certain regions worldwide, the first season weekly on November 15, 2016, with a one-day delay with respect to the original United States broadcast 

Reception
Shooter received mixed reviews from critics  On the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the series has an approval rating of 47% based on 17 reviews, with an average rating of 5 75/10  The site's critical consensus reads: "Ryan Phillippe's efforts aren't enough to salvage Shooter, a tedious, under-developed drama that lacks an original voice or perspective " On Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating, the series has a score 60 out of 100, based on 11 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews" 

Ratings
Season 1 (2016–17)
Season 2 (2017)
Season 3 (2018)
Passage 3:
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Brisbane is a Latin Church metropolitan archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Australia located in Brisbane and covering the South East region of Queensland, Australia 
Part of the Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Brisbane, the region covered was initially administered by the Archdiocese of Sydney  In 1859 the Diocese of Brisbane was erected, and elevated as an archdiocese in 1887  The archdiocese is the metropolitan of the suffragan dioceses of Cairns, Rockhampton, Toowoomba and Townsville 
The Cathedral of St Stephen is the seat of the Catholic Archbishop of Brisbane  On 12 May 2012 Mark Coleridge was installed as the sixth Archbishop of Brisbane, the seventh Bishop of Brisbane 

History
The Diocese of Brisbane was established in 1859, with responsibility for the entire state of Queensland  Prior to its establishment, Queensland was part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Sydney On 27 January 1877 Pope Pius IX excised the northern part of the Diocese of Brisbane from Cape Hinchinbrook and then west to the border with South Australia (now Northern Territory) to create the Vicariate Apostolic of Queensland (later the Diocese of Cairns On 29 December 1882, the Diocese of Rockhampton was excised from the Archdiocese of Brisbane  The new Rockhampton diocese had responsibility for northern Queensland while the Brisbane archdiocese retained responsibility for southern Queensland In 1929, the Diocese of Toowoomba was excised from the Archdiocese of Brisbane 

Bishops
Ordinaries
The following people have been appointed as Roman Catholic Archbishops of Brisbane or any of its precursor titles:
Coadjutors are included in the table above 

Auxiliary bishops
CurrentTim Norton SVD (2022–present)FormerHenry Joseph Kennedy † (1967–1971), appointed [[Roman Catholic Bishop of Armidale|Bishop of Armidale]]
John Joseph Gerry † (1975–2003)
Eugene James Cuskelly, M S C  † (1982–1996)
Michael Ernest Putney † (1995–2001), appointed Bishop of Townsville
Brian Vincent Finnigan (2002–2015)
Joseph John Oudeman, O F M  Cap  (2002–2017)
Kenneth Howell (2017–2023), appointed Bishop of Toowoomba

Other priests of the diocese who became bishops
James Byrne †, appointed Bishop of Toowoomba in 1929
Andrew Gerard Tynan †, appointed Bishop of Rockhampton in 1946
Edward John Doody †, appointed Bishop of Armidale in 1948
John Ahern Torpie †, appointed Bishop of Cairns in 1967
Brian Heenan, appointed Bishop of Rockhampton in 1991
James Foley, appointed Bishop of Cairns in 1992
William Martin Morris, appointed Bishop of Toowoomba in 1992
Michael Fabian McCarthy, appointed Bishop of Rockhampton in 2014
Anthony Randazzo, appointed an Auxiliary Bishop of Sydney in 2016
Timothy James Harris, appointed Bishop of Townsville in 2017
† = deceased

Cathedral
The gothic revival cathedral is located on a site bounded by Elizabeth, Charlotte and Edward Streets, in the Australian city of Brisbane  Built between 1864 and 1922, with extensions made in 1989, the cathedral was established with James Quinn as its first bishop  Quinn planned to construct a large cathedral to accommodate a growing congregation   On 26 December 1863, the Feast of St Stephen, Quinn laid the foundation stone for a grand cathedral designed by Benjamin Backhouse  Backhouse's original design was changed and downsized numerous times over the course of the cathedral's completion, mainly for economic reasons 
In 1927, there was a plan to replace St Stephen's with a new Holy Name Cathedral to be built in Fortitude Valley, Brisbane  However, funding was only sufficient to build the crypt  Eventually the project was abandoned, the crypt demolished and the land sold 

Parishes
Economic contribution
The Archdiocese contributes around $2 5 billion to the economy through its schools and other institutions, providing employment to 22,000 people The Archdiocese manages 98 parishes and 144 Catholic schools  It also provides services to 12,992 aged care and disability clients, support for 8362 seniors to live at home, support to 23,000 victims of domestic violence and help for 4,000 people with mental illness 

See also
Roman Catholicism in Australia
Passage 4:
Lindhorst railway station
Lindhorst is a railway station located in Lindhorst, Germany  The station is located on the Hannover to Minden railway  The train services are operated by Deutsche Bahn as part of the Hanover S-Bahn  Lindhorst is served by the S1 

Train services
The following services currently call at Lindhorst:
Passage 5:
Take Me Home, Country Roads
"Take Me Home, Country Roads", also known simply as "Country Roads", is a song written by Bill Danoff, Taffy Nivert and John Denver  It was released as a single performed by Denver on April 12, 1971, peaking at number two on Billboard's US Hot 100 singles for the week ending August 28, 1971  The song was a success on its initial release and was certified Gold by the RIAA on August 18, 1971, and Platinum on April 10, 2017  The song became one of John Denver's most popular songs  It has continued to sell, with over 1 6 million digital copies sold in the United States The song is considered a symbol of West Virginia  In March 2014, it became one of the four official state anthems of West Virginia  In 2023, the song was selected by the Library of Congress for inclusion in the National Recording Registry 

Composition
Inspiration for the title line had come while Taffy Nivert and Bill Danoff, who were married, were driving along Clopper Road in Montgomery County, Maryland to a gathering of Nivert's family in Gaithersburg, with Nivert behind the wheel while Danoff played his guitar  "I just started thinking, country roads, I started thinking of me growing up in western New England and going on all these small roads," Danoff said  "It didn't have anything to do with Maryland or anyplace "To Danoff, the lyric "(t)he radio reminds me of my home far away" in the bridge is quintessentially West Virginian, an allusion to when he listened to the program Saturday Night Jamboree, broadcast from Wheeling, West Virginia, on WWVA at his home in Springfield, Massachusetts during his childhood in the 1950s Danoff was influenced by friend and West Virginian actor Chris Sarandon and members of a West Virginia commune who attended Danoff's performances  Of the commune members, Danoff remarked, "They brought their dogs and were a very colorful group of folks, but that is how West Virginia began creeping into the song " While the song was inspired by Danoff's upbringing in Springfield, Massachusetts, he "didn't want to write about Massachusetts because [he] didn't think the word was musical "Starting December 22, 1970, Denver was heading the New Year's bill at The Cellar Door, with Fat City opening for him, just as Denver had opened at the same club for then-headliner David Steinberg  After the club's post-Christmas reopening night on Tuesday, December 29 (Cellar Door engagements ran from Tuesday to Sunday, and this booking was for two weeks), the three returned to the couple's apartment for an impromptu jam  On the way, Denver's left thumb was broken in a collision  He was rushed to the emergency room, where the thumb was splinted  When they returned to the apartment, Denver said he was "wired, you know "When Danoff and Nivert ran through what they had of the song they had been working on for about a month, planning to sell to Johnny Cash, Denver "flipped"  He decided he had to have it, prompting them to abandon plans for the sale  The verses and chorus were still missing a bridge, so the three of them went about finishing 
Nivert got out an encyclopedia to learn more about West Virginia  The first thing she encountered was the Rhododendron, the state flower, so she kept trying to work the word Rhododendron into the song  Rhododendron was the title that Nivert had written down on the lyric sheet, which they later sent to ASCAP  The three stayed up until 6:00 a m , changing words and moving lines around When they finished, on the morning of Wednesday, December 30, 1970, Denver announced that the song had to go on his next album  Later that night, during Denver's first set, Denver called his two collaborators back to the spotlight, where the trio changed their career trajectories, reading the lyrics from a single, handheld, unfolded piece of paper  According to Len Jaffe, a Washington, D C -based singer-songwriter who attended the show where Denver premiered the song, this resulted in a five-minute standing ovation  The next day was Denver's 28th birthday  They recorded it in New York City in January 1971 
"Take Me Home, Country Roads" is written in a Key of A major and composed in a tempo of 82 beats per minute per common time 

Commercial performance and legacy
"Take Me Home, Country Roads" appeared on the LP Poems, Prayers & Promises and was released as a 45 in the spring of 1971  Original pressings credited the single to "John Denver with Fat City"  It broke nationally in mid-April but moved up the charts very slowly  After several weeks, RCA Records called John and told him they were giving up on the single  His response: "No! Keep working on it!" They did, and the single went to number 1 on the Record World Pop Singles Chart and the Cash Box Top 100, and number 2 on the U S  Billboard Hot 100, topped only by "How Can You Mend a Broken Heart" by The Bee Gees 
On August 18, 1971, it was certified Gold by the RIAA for a million copies shipped  The song continued to sell in the digital era  As of January 2020, the song has also sold 1,591,000 downloads since it became available digitally Denver's recording of "Take Me Home, Country Roads" was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Recording Registry in 2023 

Reception in West Virginia
"Take Me Home, Country Roads" received an enthusiastic response from West Virginians  On November 1, 2017, the West Virginia Tourism Office announced it had obtained the rights to use "Take Me Home, Country Roads", in its marketing efforts  "'Country Roads' has become synonymous with West Virginia all over the world," said West Virginia Tourism Commissioner Chelsea Ruby  "It highlights everything we love about our state: scenic beauty, majestic mountains, a timeless way of life, and most of all, the warmth of a place that feels like home whether you've lived here forever or are just coming to visit " The opening phrase of the song, "Almost heaven", became a primary tourism office slogan The song is the theme song of West Virginia University, and it has been performed during every home football pregame show since 1972  The song is played for other athletic events and university functions, including after football games, for which the fans are encouraged to stay in the stands and sing the song along with the team  On September 6, 1980, at the invitation of West Virginia Governor Jay Rockefeller, songwriters Danoff, Nivert, and Denver performed the song during pregame festivities to a sold-out crowd of Mountaineer fans  This performance marked the dedication of the current West Virginia University Mountaineer Field and the first game for head coach Don Nehlen The popularity of the song inspired resolutions in the West Virginia Legislature to adopt "Take Me Home, Country Roads" as an official state song  On March 7, 2014, the West Virginia Legislature approved a resolution to make "Take Me Home, Country Roads" an official state song of West Virginia, alongside three other pieces: "West Virginia Hills", "This Is My West Virginia", and "West Virginia, My Home Sweet Home"  Governor Earl Ray Tomblin signed the resolution into law on March 8, 2014 The song was played at the funeral for West Virginia Senator Robert Byrd at the state capitol in Charleston, West Virginia on July 2, 2010 The Mountain State Brewing Company based in Thomas, West Virginia, produces an amber ale named "Almost Heaven", which it says is "named after John Denver's ode to West Virginia, 'Country Roads'" 

Personnel
John Denver – vocals, 6- & 12-string acoustic guitar
Bill Danoff – backing vocals
Taffy Nivert – backing vocals
Eric Weissberg – banjo, steel guitar
Mike Taylor – acoustic guitar
Richard Kniss – double bass
Gary Chester – drums, percussion

Charts
Certifications
Cover versions
Hermes House Band version
Dutch pop band Hermes House Band covered the song and released it as "Country Roads"  This version was first released in Germany on May 21, 2001, and was issued in the United Kingdom on December 3, 2001, where it was a contender for the 2001 Christmas number-one single  This version was a chart success in Europe, reaching number one in Scotland, number two in Germany and Ireland, and the top 10 in Austria, Denmark, and the United Kingdom 

Track listings
Charts
Certifications
Olivia Newton-John version
Olivia Newton-John released a cover version in January 1973 that reached number 6 in Japan and number 15 in the UK  It was the lead single from her third studio album, Let Me Be There  This version, as well as the song itself, features prominently in the Japanese animated film, Whisper of the Heart 

Fallout 76 version
A cover version of the song, a collaboration between Copilot Music and Sound and the vocal group Spank, was commissioned for and featured in both the teaser and full E3 2018 trailers for the 2018 video game Fallout 76, with its plot events are set in West Virginia  Released as an iTunes-only single on July 4, 2018, the song reached No  1 on the iTunes singles chart  It debuted at No  41 on Billboard's Hot Country Songs chart that week and at No  21 on Billboard's Country Digital Songs the following week  The official YouTube upload of the original John Denver recording, initially uploaded in 2013, would later edit its description in response to the song's use for the game  In Australia, a promotional Fallout 76 vinyl featuring the cover was included with the December 2018 issue of STACK Magazine exclusively from retailer JB Hi-Fi 

Forever Country
The song found further chart success as part of the Forever Country medley and video, created in 2016 to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the Country Music Association Awards 
Passage 6:
Khong Island
Khong Island or Don Khong (Lao: ດອນໂຂງ) is the largest island and the seat of administration in the Si Phan Don riverine archipelago located in the Mekong River, Khong District, Champasak Province, southern Laos 
The island is 18 kilometers (11 mi) long (north-south), and 8 kilometers (5 0 mi) at its widest point  Its population is mainly concentrated in the two villages Muang Saen (west) and Muang Khong (east); the latter is the de facto capital of the island as well as the regional seat of government  There are 19 villages on the island and the main source of income comes from fishing  
The former President of Laos, Khamtai Siphandon, has a residence on the island, which is a possible explanation for the  high quality of its infrastructure, such as asphalted roads and electricity  Locals tend to travel on longtail boats 
Passage 7:
John Phan
Bon "John" Phan (born October 10, 1974, in Da Nang, Vietnam) is a Vietnamese-American professional poker player based in Stockton, California, who is a two-time World Series of Poker bracelet winner and is a winner and four-time final tablist of World Poker Tour Championships 

World Series of Poker
Phan has made numerous World Series of Poker (WSOP) money finishes, including the final table of the $5,000 Seven-card stud event in 2005, finished fourth and outlasted both professional poker players Dave Colclough and Rob Hollink At the 2006 WSOP, Phan finished second in the $1,000 No-Limit Hold'em event when his Q♠ 5♠ failed to improve against Jon Friedberg's A♥ 7♥ on a board of 10♥ 9♦ 3♠ 2♥ 7♠  Phan earned $289,389 for his runner-up finish the next year at the 2007 World Series of Poker Phan was runner-up to Francois Safieddine in the $2,500 No Limit Hold'em event, earning $330,846 but it was not until the 2008 World Series of Poker that Phan won his first bracelet after winning the $3,000 No-Limit Hold'em event, earning $434,789 and then he won his second bracelet the same year, this time in the $2,500 2-7 Triple Draw event, earning $151,896  Phan cashed for a total of $608,464 at the 2008 WSOP 

World Series of Poker bracelets
World Poker Tour
Phan cashed eleven times on the World Poker Tour (WPT) making the final table in four of them,  one was at the $25,000 WPT Championship of season 3, receiving $518,920 for finishing in fourth place above Hollink, Phil Ivey, Joe Beevers, Chris Ferguson and Juha Helppi  and the other was at the $9,600 No Limit Hold'em WPT season 6 event at the 2008 Bay 101 Shooting Stars where he finished 6th, earning $135,000  In July 2008, Phan made another WPT final table finishing in fifth place at the Bellagio Cup IV, earning $193,915On the WPT seventh season, Phan won his first WPT title after defeating well known online player Amit "Amak316″ Makhija during heads-up play, winning the WPT bracelet and over $1 1 million at the Legends of Poker held at The Bicycle Casino in Bell Gardens, California 

Other poker events

Phan won two events at The Fifth Annual Jack Binion World Poker Open in 2004, the $500 Limit Hold'em event, earning $160,965 and $500 Pot Limit Hold'em event, earning $85,257 also cashing three other times at that same event  He later won the $3,000 No Limit Hold'em event at the Festa al Lago II in 2004, earning $189,900  He won the $2,425 No Limit Hold'em event at the 2005 L A  Poker Classic, earning $300,578 and was runner-up to Marcel Lüske in the $3,000 No Limit Hold'em event at the Fourth Annual Five-Star World Poker Classic in 2006, earning $179,195 As of 2017, his total live tournament winnings exceed $5,525,000  His 29 cashes as the WSOP account for over $1,450,000 of those winnings He was the Cardplayer Magazine 2008 Player of the Year with 6,704 points as well as 2008 Bluff Magazine Player of the Year 


== Notes ==
Passage 8:
Icaria Planum
Icaria Planum is a region on Mars in the Thaumasia quadrangle of Mars that is 566 59 km across and is located at 43 27 S and 
253 96E   It was named after a classic albedo feature that was approved in 1979   The name of the classic feature was based on the land where according to greek mythology, Icarus died (Icaria) 

See also
HiRISE
HiWish program
Latitude dependent mantle
Thaumasia quadrangle
Passage 9:
Muang Kham, Chiang Rai
Muang Kham (Thai: ม่วงคำ) is a village and tambon (subdistrict) of Phan District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand  In 2005 it had a total population of 8837 people  The tambon contains 17 villages 
Passage 10:
Dići
Dići is a village situated in Ljig municipality in Serbia  The town is known for having a medieval church dedicated to St  John, and being the burial place of 14th-century nobleman Vlgdrag 
Passage 11:
Phan Huy Quát
Phan Huy Quát (Hà Tĩnh Province, 12 June 1908 – 27 April 1979) was a South Vietnamese doctor and politician who served as Prime Minister of the Republic of Vietnam for four months in 1965 

Early life
Phan Huy Quát was born in Lộc Hà District in Hà Tĩnh Province  He attended the Lycée Pellerin, Huế, then studied medicine in Hanoi and qualified as a doctor before entering politics 
On 1 July 1949, Quát was appointed Minister of Education by Head of State Bảo Đại  On 22 January 1950, Prime Minister Nguyễn Phan Long appointed Quát Minister of Defense, at which position he had only served briefly before the Cabinet was re-organized and he returned to working for the Đại Việt Quốc dân đảng 
In June 1953, Prime Minister Nguyễn Văn Tâm appointed Quát Minister of Defense  Quát would be in this position until 1954 when Prince Bửu Lộc became Prime Minister who appointed Quát Special Minister in charge of the democratization process for Vietnam  Dr  Quát then served briefly as an interim Prime Minister until Bảo Đại appointed Ngô Đình Diệm to the position 
In April 1960, Quát signed the Caravelle Manifesto, a list of grievances and demands specifically critical of Diệm, and was promptly jailed by the GVN  After Diệm's assassination in October 1963, Quát was appointed Foreign Minister by Major General Nguyễn Khánh, one of the principal participants in the bloody coup  Though Quát frequently criticized Khánh's self-serving rule, he remained in Khánh's cabinet until November 1964, when Trần Văn Hương was installed as Prime Minister of General Khánh's freshly created High National Council (HNC) On 16 February 1965, the Armed Forces Council, a group of South Vietnamese military officers who took over when General Khánh deposed Hương and the HNC, secured Quát's appointment to Prime Minister in order to foil a power grab by the junta chief Khánh, who intended to install the economist Nguyễn Xuân Oánh as his puppet in the Prime Minister post  Khánh himself was forced to step down after a coup on 19/20 February and was subsequently exiled  Air Marshal Nguyễn Cao Kỳ then led the junta that oversaw the civilian cabinet  In 1965, Kỳ was appointed Prime Minister and Nguyễn Văn Thiệu became President by a special joint meeting of military leaders following the voluntary resignation of civilian President Sửu  After leaving the Prime Minister post, Dr  Quát returned to his medical practice  He remained in politics until 1975 by working with the Asia Anti-Communist League (Liên Minh Á Châu Chống Cộng) as Chairman of its Vietnamese office 

Last years/death
After the Fall of Saigon, Quát went into hiding  In August 1975, he was arrested and jailed at Chí Hòa Prison after a failed attempt to escape from Vietnam  It was there that he died of liver failure on 27 April 1979  The official report indicated that Quát had died from "a stroke, heart attack and liver failure" 

See also
1965 South Vietnamese coup
Passage 12:
Mohammad Zubair Khan
Dr  Mohammad Zubair Khan has a doctorate in political economy from Johns Hopkins University  After working briefly for the World Bank, he worked at the International Monetary Fund from 1981 to 1992, assigned to a wide range of countries, including industrial countries in northern Europe and Turkey, developing countries in south Asia, the oil producing countries in the Middle East and countries in the South Pacific region Since returning to Pakistan, he has been consulting for the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, UNDP, JBIC and other international organizations on a range of issues, such as macroeconomic stabilisation policies, monetary policy, trade and exchange rate issues, fiscal and external debt sustainability, fiscal federalism, tax administration and poverty related issues  He also lectures at the Central Banks of Egypt and Sri Lanka, the National Institute of Public Administration (NIPA) campus in Lahore, the Pakistan Administrative Staff College, and the National Defence University in Islamabad 
He has been Commerce Minister of Pakistan and represented Pakistan at the first ministerial conference of the World Trade Organization  Currently, in addition to consulting, Khan is a member of the National Finance Commission, the advisory board of the  Securities and Exchange Commission, Government of Pakistan, a member of the board of directors of Bank of Khyber, and a member of the Provincial Finance Commission of the Government of North-West Frontier Province  He is also a member of the Boao Boao Forum for Asia in Hainan, China 
Khan is currently managing director of Financial Techniques International  Because of his straight talk and knowledge of economics, he is a popular guest on TV 

Family
He is the son of the late Wali Mohammad Khan, the elder brother of late Hayat Sherpao and Aftab Sherpao who were born to the family of Khan Bahadar Ghulam Haider Khan Sherpao, a key player in the Pakistan Movement 
His family tree and cross-marriages in influential families of Pakistan are unique  He is the cousin and brother-in-law of the former President of Pakistan, the late Sardar Farooq Ahmed Khan Leghari, and uncle of Sumera Malik and Ayla Malik (granddaughters of Malik Amir Mohammed Khan of Kalabagh) both members of the National Assembly  He is also the uncle of Senator Jamal Leghari and Awais Leghari who was a Minister of Telecommunications and member of the National Assembly 

Publications
 Kickstarting Pakistan's Economy  Lahore: Vanguard Books, 2001  ISBN 969-402-356-4 
"Liberalization and Economic Crisis in Pakistan " In Rising to the Challenge in Asia: A Study of Financial Markets: Volume 9 - Pakistan   Asian Development Bank, 1999   ISBN 971-561-236-9 
Passage 13:
South Central Coast
In Vietnam, South Central Coast (Vietnamese: Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) and South Central Region (Vietnamese: Nam Trung Bộ) are two terms which can refer to the same region or two regions that do not correspond to each other  South Central Coast (sometimes called "South Central Region") consists of the independent municipality of Đà Nẵng and seven other provinces (picture 1), which means South Central Coast does not include Central Highlands (picture 2); nevertheless the term "South Central Region" can be also used to include Central Highlands as it is part of southern part of Central Vietnam  
The region has traditionally been one of the main gateways to neighbouring Central Highlands  It has a complex geography with mountain ranges extending up to the coast, making transport and infrastructure development challenging but favouring tourism in some places, most notable around Phan Thiết, Nha Trang, and Da Nang  Tourism also benefits from Cham cultural heritage, including architecture, performances, and museums  It is generally much less industrialized and developed than the region around Ho Chi Minh City or the Red River Delta, but it has some regional industrial centers in Da Nang, around Nha Trang and Quy Nhon 
South Central Coast (Duyên hải Nam Trung Bộ) -  8 provinces: Da Nang, Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi, Bình Định, Phú Yên, Khánh Hòa, Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận  The two southern provinces Ninh Thuận and Bình Thuận are sometimes seen as part of the Southeast region  In the Nguyễn dynasty, this area was known as Tả Trực Kỳ (the area located in the right of Thừa Thiên) 

Provinces
History
The region was inhabited by people of the Sa Huỳnh culture between around 1000 BC and 200 AD  Remains of this ancient civilization were found in Sa Huỳnh, Quảng Ngãi province  It was succeeded by a kingdom called Lin-yi (林邑) by the Chinese or Lâm Ấp in Vietnamese that was in existence from 192 AD  Its political center was just north of the South Central Coast near Huế  Lin-yi was culturally influenced by India  According to Chinese sources, it repeatedly raided Jiaozhi (Vietnamese: Giao Chỉ), which was one factor that contributed to several wars between Jiaozhi and their Chinese colonizers against Lin-yi in the 3rd, 4th, and 5th centuries 

The historic territory of Champa roughly equals the South Central Coast region, although it has at times extended well into the North Central Coast and its influence also extended into the Central Highlands  Except for its first capital, all of Champa's political centers were located in the South Central Coast  Some of the earlier capitals, as well as the religious center of Mỹ Sơn and the port city of Hội An were located in the territory of present-day Quảng Nam province  Probably due to defeats in wars against Đại Việt the political center shifted further south to Vijaya in what is now Bình Định province  After the fall of Vijaya to Vietnam in 1471, Champa had to retreat to the southern principality of Panduranga (now at Phan Rang in Ninh Thuận province), while much of occupied Champa continued to exist as a sort of protectorate within Vietnam for some time : 119 
Relations with the mountainous hinterland and traders from overseas were crucial  Champa's trade specialized on procuring luxury goods such as eaglewood from the Central Highlands and even as far as Attapeu in southern Laos and selling them to foreign merchants through their ports at Hội An and Thi Nai : 110–111, 114

Geography
Topography
In contrast to most other coastal regions in Vietnam, the South Central Coast's terrain is not mainly flat  It has a diverse topography with mountain ranges and hills extending not only along the entire border with Central Highlands but also to the coast, forming several passes, bays, peninsulas, and beautiful sceneries with beaches and mountain backdrops  Many of the highest mountains are at or near the border with the Central Highlands, the highest of which is Ngọc Linh mountain at 2598 meters  There are several high peaks near the coast of Da Nang city (696m on Son Tra Peninsula), Bình Định province (up to 874m), Phú Yên province (up to 814m), Khánh Hòa province (up to 978m), and Ninh Thuận province (up to 1040m)  
Several mountain passes function as geographic borders between the provinces of the region, with one or two provinces between two major passes  Major passes include the Hải Vân Pass on the northern border of the region (Da Nang), Binh De pass (đèo Bình Đê) between Quảng Ngãi province and Bình Định province, Cù Mông pass (đèo Cù Mông) between Bình Định province and Phú Yên province and Cả pass (đèo Cả) between Phú Yên province and Khánh Hòa province The region includes several islands  Some of the larger ones are the Lý Sơn Islands, the Cham Islands, and Phú Quý island  The Paracel Islands and the Spratly Islands are officially administered by Da Nang City and Khánh Hòa Province  However, sovereignty over them is disputed and Vietnam actually controls only some of the Spratly Islands 

Hydrography
There are several rivers along the South Central Coast, the most significant being Thu Bồn River in Quảng Nam province and Đà Rằng River in Phú Yên province (most of the latter's river system is in the Central Highlands  Other major rivers include Trà Khúc River in Quảng Ngãi province, Côn River in Bình Định province, Ki Lo River in Phú Yên province, Cái River in Khánh Hòa province, and Dinh River in Ninh Thuận province 

Climate
Summer temperatures average above 28 °C (82 °F) along most of the coast with slightly lower temperatures further inland  Winters are significantly cooler with average temperatures ranging from around 20 to 25 °C (68 to 77 °F)  The region includes some of the most arid (Ninh Thuận province and Bình Thuận province) as well as some of wettest climates in Vietnam (Da Nang, parts of Quảng Nam province, Quảng Ngãi province), with the rest being somewhere in between  While average precipitation per year exceeds 2,800 millimetres (110 2 in) in many parts of the three provinces in the north of the region, it is less than 800 millimetres (31 5 in) in much of Ninh Thuận province 

Economy
Agriculture, forestry, fishing
The South Central Coast's sector 1 (agriculture, forestry, fishing) performance can be seen as average in the national context, with its GDP contribution similar to its population share (9 7% and 9 5%)  Rice output is below average, but output of some other crops (see table below) as well as forestry and fishing are above average 
The province with the largest sector 1 economy is Bình Định (contributing 22 9% to the regions sector 1 GDP), due to its relatively large output in agriculture, forestry, and fishing  It is followed by Quảng Nam province with 15%, Bình Thuận province with 14 6%, Quảng Ngãi province and Khánh Hòa province with around 13% each  Forestry output is concentrated in Quảng Nam province and Bình Định province with around 25% each, with Quảng Ngãi province and Bình Thuận province contribute another 15% each, while Da Nang and especially Ninh Thuận province have very small forestry sectors  Fishing output is highest in Khánh Hòa province (22 3%) and Bình Định province (19 6%), followed by Phú Yên province and Quảng Ngãi province with around 12% each and Quảng Nam province, Bình Thuận province and Phú Yên province with 9 to 10% each 2 52 million tons of rice were harvested in the South Central Coast in 2007, 7% of Vietnam's total rice harvest  The main producers are Bình Định (580kt in 2007), Bình Thuận (434kt), Quảng Nam (395kt), Quảng Ngãi (381kt), and Phú Yên (321kt)  The region's maize harvest made up 7 5% of the nation's total 
Some tea and coffee are also planted in the region, but their output is not significant in the national context 

Industry
The South Central Coast is central Vietnam's most industrialized region, mostly due to major industrial centers such as Da Nang and Khánh Hòa province  However, industrialization in the region is still lagging behind the national average and is far behind Vietnam's two major industrial hubs around Ho Chi Minh City and Hanoi  The region's industrial GDP was 35,885 4 billion VND in 2007, accounting for 37 35% of the region's total GDP and 7 54% of Vietnam's industrial GDP  More than 40% of that is produced in Khánh Hòa province and Da Nang (21 8% and 20%) and another 13 to 14% each by Quảng Nam province and Bình Định province  Bình Thuận province has been able to increase its share to 12% with growth rates in industry averaging 21 6% from 2000 to 2007  Most other provinces have achieved growth between 15 and 20%, with slower growth only in the established industrial centers of Da Nang (14 8%) and Khánh Hòa province (13%)  The region's average industrial growth rate was 16 3% per year from 2000 to 2007, making the main driving force of the economy 

Da Nang has a relatively diversified industrial sector including textiles, fabric, fertilizer, cement, soap, paper, pharmaceuticals etc  Khánh Hòa's industrial sector is still more reliant on basic industries such as food and seafood processing and beverages, shipbuilding, etc  The province also benefited significantly from investment related to the former Russian naval base at Cam Ranh, to which around 30 factories were attached  Quy Nhon is the region's third largest industrial center  It has been able to capitalize on its advantage as a gateway to the Central Highlands to develop resource-based industries (wood processing and stone processing) and a major furniture manufacturing cluster  Other industries are more dispersed, such as construction materials and basic food processing 
New industrial centers are currently being developed in the economic zones: Chu Lai Economic Zone in southern Quảng Nam, nearby Dung Quat Economic Zone (with Dung Quất Refinery) in northern Quảng Ngãi province, Nhơn Hội Economic Zone in Quy Nhon, and Van Phong Economic Zone in northern Khánh Hòa province  All four zones have large areas of land, major infrastructure and industrial projects  However, in contrast to the smaller industrial parks, they are not limited to industrial sectors 

Infrastructure
Transport
Vietnam's main north-south transport corridors run through the whole South Central Coast region  
The North–South Railway runs along the region, with Reunification Express stops at Đà Nẵng Railway Station, Diêu Trì Railway Station, and Nha Trang Railway Station  Stations with less frequent stops are Tam Kỳ Railway Station, Quảng Ngãi Railway Station, Quy Nhơn Railway Station, Tuy Hòa Railway Station, Tháp Chàm Railway Station, Mương Mán Railway Station, as well as several local railway stations 
The two-lane National Route 1 connects all major cities of the region to the rest of the country (Quy Nhon and Nha Trang by extension 1D and 1C)  The Ministry of Transport is planning the construction of a 139 5 km four-lane highway from Da Nang to Quảng Ngãi province in cooperation with foreign donors The region is connected to the Central Highlands by several national roads at Phan Rang (National Road 27 to Da Lat), Ninh Hòa, Khánh Hòa province (26 to Buôn Ma Thuột), Tuy Hòa (25 to Pleiku via Ayun Pa) Quy Nhon (19 to Pleiku), and western Quảng Nam province (14/ Ho Chi Minh Road to Kon Tum) The largest airport in the region is Da Nang International Airport with flights to various cities in Vietnam, Singapore, Siem Reap, Guangzhou, Shanghai and seasonal flights to other cities in mainland China and Taiwan  The region's second international airport at Cam Ranh (serving Nha Trang flights to various cities in Vietnam, Guangzhou, Shanghais, Hong Kong, etc )  Phu Cat Airport (serving Quy Nhon) and Dong Tac Airport (serving Tuy Hòa) have only domestic flights  Chu Lai in southern Quảng Nam province has an international airport, but only domestic flights 
Da Nang Port and Quy Nhơn Port are the region's major ports  Another major port is under construction at Vân Phong in Khánh Hòa province 

Energy
The South Central Coast has limited potential for hydro-power plants and has therefore not been a major part of EVN's mostly hydro-focused strategy  However, it is at the forefront of many of Vietnam's efforts to diversify electricity sources away from hydro-power  The country's first nuclear power plant is under construction in Ninh Thuận province  A second nuclear power project is being prepared with Japanese partners and will also be in Ninh Thuận A 200 MW wind power plant is under construction in Ninh Thuận province and is planned to be completed in 2012  Other wind power plants are being constructed in Bình Thuận province 
Bình Thuận is also the location of a 1200 MW electro-thermal plant currently under construction 

Demography
The South Central Coast region had a population of 8 93 million  The three northern provinces of Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi and Bình Định have the largest populations and together make up almost half of the region's population (47 7%) 2 82 million or 31 6% of them live in cities and towns  More than half of the region's urban population is in Da Nang, Khánh Hòa province and Bình Thuận province, while more than half of the rural population is in the provinces  of Quảng Nam, Bình Định and Quảng Ngãi Annual population growth has averaged 1 22% from 2000 to 2007, with Da Nang recording the fastest population growth at 1 95%  Growth in the three northern provinces of Quảng Nam, Quảng Ngãi and Bình Định has been slowest at around 1%  The four other provinces had average growth rates between 1 26% (Khánh Hòa province) and 1 59% (Ninh Thuận province) The region's population is ethnically clearly dominated by the Vietnamese people (Kinh)  There are some minorities, the most significant of which are the Cham, the descendants of Champa  They live mostly in the lowlands around Phan Rang and northern Bình Thuận province, with smaller communities in other provinces such as southern Bình Định  Other minorities live mostly in the mountainous western parts of the region  Areas inhabited by minority people make up more than half of Quảng Nam province and Quảng Ngãi province 
Passage 14:
Mueang Phan
Mueang Phan (Thai: เมืองพาน) is a village and tambon (subdistrict) of Phan District, in Chiang Rai Province, Thailand  In 2005 it had a total population of 19,326 people  The tambon contains 25 villages 
Passage 15:
Sauk Rapids Regional Bridge
The Sauk Rapids Regional Bridge is a bridge spanning the Mississippi River in the U  S  city of Sauk Rapids, Minnesota  Construction began on September 26, 2005; the bridge was completed in September 2007 and opened to traffic on October 23, 2007  The official dedication and ribbon-cutting ceremony took place on November 16, 2007   The bridge replaced the former Sauk Rapids Bridge, located a short distance downriver, which was demolished in the fall and winter of 2007-2008 
The new bridge spans the BNSF Railway on the east bank of the river  Traffic flow is no longer disrupted during train crossings; this was a frequent problem with the former bridge 
The new span relied heavily on steel for its construction rather than concrete to reduce the number of piers needed to be placed in the river  This design choice increased the project cost by $2 3 million USD to a total cost estimated at $56 63 million   Construction of the bridge of itself cost an estimated $20 46 million, with other costs including right-of-way purchases, road construction, and a program to help businesses affected by the project relocate elsewhere in downtown Sauk Rapids 
The entire project was large in scope, due to the amount of business and residential properties that were affected by its chosen location   When the Sauk Rapids Bridge project began, it was considered to be the first downtown transportation project of its kind nationwide in terms of the scale of relocations of businesses that were necessary   The success of the project may set a precedent for future bridges The original design of the bridge was hotly contested between Benton County and the City of Sauk Rapids, and the dispute was nearly taken to court  The county had wished that the bridge land beyond Benton Drive (Sauk Rapids' "main street") on Second Avenue and connect with Second Street North  The city feared that such a design would adversely affect businesses in the downtown area and desired instead that the bridge land on Benton Drive  Benton County's stake in the project (Stearns County being the other contributor) was eventually handed over to the city, and it was elected that the bridge pass over the BNSF Railway, land on Benton Drive, and connect with Second Street North 
The Sauk Rapids Regional Bridge features a spiral walkway on the Sauk Rapids side of the bridge that allows pedestrians to access the city parking lot under the bridge 

See also
Sauk Rapids Bridge
List of crossings of the Upper Mississippi River
Passage 16:
Labanoras Regional Park
Labanoras Regional Park, established in 1992, is located 80 kilometers northeast of Lithuania's capital, Vilnius  Covering 553 18 km², it is the largest regional park in the country  Its administration is in the small town of Labanoras 

Nature

The park contains about 70 lakes; about 80% of its land is forested  Its floral biodiversity is high, and it is home to the densest population of nesting white stork couples in Europe  It also contains areas with archeological, architectural, ethnographic, and historic value 
It is the largest Lithuania regional park, distinguished by a variety of landscapes, extremely rich flora and fauna  The largest part of the park is occupied by forests (80%), mostly pine forests  Labanoras forest with abundant wetlands and lakes is characterized by an abundance of protected species  Lakes occupy 14 percent  park areas  Spectacular Black Lakajai and White Lakajai, Stirniai, Siesartis and other lakes in Molėtai Lake District, 15 8 km long Aisetas lake  Lakaja, one of the most beautiful and exotic rivers, was loved not only by water birds but also by water tourists 
There are 285 lakes in Labanoras Regional Park - the largest of all Lithuanian regional parks  Largest: Stirniai, White Lakajai, Kertuojai  About 30 streams flow through the park  These are Lakaja, Peršokšna, Dumblė, Luknelė  In addition to these water bodies, the park protects swamp ecosystems, valuable calcareous marshes 
A whole complex of high marshes and lakeside low marshes is protected - Kanija raistas and many larger and smaller wetlands  In the Girutiškis Nature Reserve here, the Beržalotas upland swamp shines with the mirrors of the lakes 
Pine forests make up 81 percent  of all the forests in the park  Along with abundant lakes, swamps, hilly and undulating terrain, they are very picturesque 
The distant surroundings of Aukštaitija National Park can be seen from the observation tower of the Lithuanian Museum of Ethnocosmology 
The park is a famous breeding ground for elks,  wolves  and lynxes 
Passage 17:
S-Fone
S-Fone was a mobile communication operator in Vietnam that used the CDMA technology  Founded on 1 July 2003 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam, S-Fone became the third network of Vietnam, breaking the duopoly of the two VNPT operators  It is the trademark of S-Telecom (CDMA Mobile Phone Centre) (set up as a joint venture between Saigon Postel Corp  (SPT) and Korea SK Telecom)  SK Telecom decided to leave the partnership in 2010  SPT has since then found it difficult to find a new partner, after a co-operation with Saigon Tel failed As of the start of 2005, breaking the old rule of the calls fee from 10 second to 1 second (6+1)7, S-Fone has 1,500,000 to 1,800,000 subscribers, contributing 3% to the total market (after Mobifone with 41%, Viettel Mobile with 34% and Vinaphone with 20%  Its market share (estimated based on revenues) fell to 0 1% by 2012 after suffering from a lack of capital, a small number of subscribers and low network quality S-Fone has become highly indebted and has been unable to pay salaries for several months in its Hanoi branch in late 2012  S-Fone ceased its operation, closed its stores and website, and released its staff from their contracts in July 2012  Its operating license expired in 2016 

Achievements
S-Fone is the first and biggest national cellular mobile phone network using CDMA in Vietnam (followed by EVN Telecom and HT Mobile)  On 9 October 2006, S-Fone officially launched CDMA 2000 1x EV-DO value added services for the first time in Vietnam: VOD/MOD (Video, TV on demand, music on demand) and mobile Internet (enabling internet access for PCs and laptops via S-Fone network) beginning in Ho Chi Minh City, Hanoi, Da Nang, Hai Phong and Can Tho 
Passage 18:
Fire and Water (sculpture)
Fire and Water is a public art work by American artist John Luttropp, located on the southwest side of Milwaukee, Wisconsin  The multi-element architectural sculpture was created for the entrance of the Milwaukee Fire Department Engine Company #25 station  It is located at 300 S  84th St 

Description
The sculpture includes two primary elements: a pair of neon-topped tapering concrete walls flanking the entry sidewalk, and a wall-mounted neon sign displaying the number 25 in a stylized font  During the day, the neon is not lit  At night, the entry numbers glow red, and the tops of the tapering wall glow blue  According to the Smithsonian Institution's Save Outdoor Sculpture! survey, the red neon symbolizes fire and the blue neon symbolizes water spray from fire hoses 

Historical information
The City of Milwaukee commissioned the work for $9,000 and it was greeted with some criticism  The Milwaukee Sentinel compared the neon look to a fast food restaurant and quoted hesitant firefighters based at the station 
Passage 19:
Bodyguard (British TV series)
Bodyguard is a British political thriller television series created and written by Jed Mercurio and produced by World Productions as part of ITV Studios for the BBC  The six-part series centres around the fictional character of Police Sergeant David Budd (Richard Madden), a British Army war veteran suffering from PTSD, who is now working for the Royalty and Specialist Protection Branch of London's Metropolitan Police Service  He is assigned as the principal protection officer (PPO) for the ambitious Home Secretary Julia Montague (Keeley Hawes), whose politics he despises  The series draws attention to controversial issues such as  government monitoring of private information and its regulation, the politics of intervention and terrorism, and PTSD The series began broadcasting on BBC One on 26 August 2018, achieving the highest viewing figures for a new BBC drama in the multichannel era and the highest BBC viewing figures since 2008  The BBC commissioned the series from the then-independent World Productions in 2016  Since ITV Studios Global Entertainment acquired the company in 2017, they have handled international distribution for the series  Netflix agreed to a distribution deal to broadcast the show outside the United Kingdom and Ireland The series was met with critical acclaim, particularly for Madden's performance  The series received numerous award nominations including the Golden Globe Award for Best Television Series – Drama, with Madden winning the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Drama  At the 71st Primetime Emmy Awards, the series was nominated for Outstanding Drama Series and a second series is in development 

Cast and characters
Main
Budd familyRichard Madden as PS David Budd, a Scottish veteran of the Afghanistan war and now dedicated Principal Protection Officer (PPO) at Protection Command  His wartime experiences have left him struggling with PTSD, prone to volatile behaviour, and mistrustful of politicians  Assigned to protect Julia Montague, whose politics he loathes, Budd is conflicted over his loyalties 
Sophie Rundle as Vicky Budd, David's wife and the mother of their two children, who works as a ward sister at a London hospital  David's unpredictable moods and issues with PTSD since returning from Afghanistan resulted in their marriage being estranged GovernmentKeeley Hawes as The Rt Hon  Julia Montague MP, the Home Secretary and Conservative Party Member of Parliament for the fictional constituency of Thames West  Montague's suspected desire to become Prime Minister, and her controversial additions to the Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000, dubbed "RIPA-18" and "The Snoopers' Charter", which would give greater powers to the police and Security Services to investigate personal communications and information, have resulted in many enemies 
Vincent Franklin as Mike Travis MP, Minister of State for Counter-Terrorism, who grows increasingly resentful over being excluded from Montague's dealings with MI5 
Nicholas Gleaves as The Rt Hon  Roger Penhaligon MP, the Government Chief Whip, Member of Parliament for Surrey North and Montague's ex-husband  A staunch supporter of the Prime Minister, he becomes increasingly suspicious and wary of Montague's political ambition 
David Westhead as The Rt Hon  John Vosler MP, the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom and Leader of the Conservative Party 
Paul Ready as Rob MacDonald, Special Advisor to the Home Secretary, who has a crush on Montague PoliceGina McKee as Commander Anne Sampson, Head of Counter Terrorism Command (SO15) and Deepak Sharma's superior  Threatened by Montague's preference for MI5, Sampson enlists Budd's help 
Pippa Haywood as CSI Lorraine Craddock, Budd's commanding officer at Protection Command, who assigns him to protect Montague 
Ash Tandon as DCI Deepak Sharma, a senior detective in SO15 leading the investigation into the recent series of terror activities  As things fail to add up, he becomes suspicious of Budd 
Nina Toussaint-White as DS Louise Rayburn, an SO15 officer working under Sharma who starts to work with Budd Security Service / MI5Stuart Bowman as Stephen Hunter-Dunn, Director General of the Security Service (MI5), whose surveillance powers will be significantly enhanced by RIPA 18  Montague's preference for MI5 over SO15 puts him at odds with Sampson 
Michael Shaeffer as "Richard Longcross", an enigmatic MI5 agent working under Hunter-Dunn who becomes involved in a cat-and-mouse game with Budd CriminalsTom Brooke as Andrew 'Andy' Apsted, a war veteran and friend of Budd's  Scarred both physically and mentally by his experiences in Afghanistan, Apsted leads the anti-war Veterans Peace Group 
Matt Stokoe as Luke Aikens, a mysterious organised crime leader  He seeks to eliminate the Home Secretary 
Anjli Mohindra as Nadia Ali, implicated with her husband in an attempted bombing on a London-bound train service 

Recurring
FamilyMatthew Stagg as Charlie Budd, David and Vicky's 8-year-old son  Charlie attends Heath Bank Primary School in Camberwell 
Bella Padden as Ella Budd, David and Vicky's 10-year-old daughter  Ella attends Heath Bank Primary School in Camberwell GovernmentShubham Saraf as Tahir Mahmood, Montague's PR Adviser 
Stephanie Hyam as Chanel Dyson, the PR Advisor to the Home Secretary before getting fired by Montague PoliceClaire-Louise Cordwell as Constable Kim Knowles, a Protection Command bodyguard in Budd's team 
Richard Riddell as Constable Tom Fenton, a Protection Command bodyguard in Budd's team 

Episodes
Production
The series was largely filmed on location in London, including the Whittington Estate for Budd's flat and Battersea for Montague's flat  The bomb scenes in the final episode were filmed around CityPoint near Moorgate and Woburn Square and Senate House in Bloomsbury 
The train scenes in the first episode were filmed on the Mid-Norfolk Railway BBC journalists including Andrew Marr, John Pienaar, John Humphrys, and Laura Kuenssberg appear as themselves 

Reception
Audience
Viewing figures for the series were high, with 10 4 million (peaking at 11 million) viewers watching the overnight broadcast of the finale live on BBC One alone  As significant numbers of viewers watched the show on catchup service iPlayer after transmission, the series sparked a debate on how the media should handle spoilers  Radio Times revealed the fate of Montague in a cover story during the series's original transmission 

Critical response
The review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes gave the series a 93% approval rating, with an average rating of 8 2/10, based on 70 reviews  The critical consensus reads, "Bodyguard maintains a palpable tension throughout its pulpy proceedings to create an absorbing and addicting psychological thriller " On Metacritic, the series has a weighted average score of 79 out of 100 based on 12 reviews, indicating "generally favourable reviews" In a positive review, Variety's Daniel D'Addario describes the series as "Both juicy in its delving into character psychology and rippingly ready to tear up its playbook as it goes, it’s a six-episode ride that demands, and rewards, a quick binge " D'Addario further states that the series "excels at both the daring, gasp-inducing twist and the methodical construction of slower-burning thrills", and that Madden's performance "by turns tripping on his own empathy, and angrily operating beyond rationality, makes us believe anything is possible — a wonderful asset for a show that seeks above all else to keep us watching"  Allison Keene, writing for Collider, lauds the performances of the cast, describing Madden's as "enthralling" and "absolutely heartbreaking", and depicts the series as "an exhilarating ride that truly showcases Madden as a major talent"  Writing for Time, Judy Berman states that the series "subverts thriller tropes just often enough to earn its reliance on them", and in a five-star review Guardian critic Lucy Mangan expresses that "[Mercurio] has created something as dark and moreish as ever"  Hanh Nguyen of IndieWire describes the series as "relentless", and the performances of Madden and Hawes as "mesmerizing"  Robert Rorke of the New York Post writes that the series is "gripping" and that Madden "gives a magnetic performance" In a more mixed assessment, Robert Lloyd of the Los Angeles Times wrote that "Some elements of the series struck me as odd   and certain climactic revelations had me talking to the screen  But the action is well mounted and the tension tightly wound; it uncoils, when it does, with a satisfying snap"  In a similarly mixed review, The Atlantic's Sophie Gilbert acknowledged that "Hawes is elegantly unknowable as Julia   she gives just enough nuance in her performance to make you question whether she has a heart or is extremely deft at emotional manipulation", however she laments that "To watch Bodyguard’s six episodes is to suspend disbelief and submit to its surprises  It helps not to expect too much more than that, particularly when it comes to the show’s lavish employment of archetypes, which inevitably leads to its more questionable elements "Intelligent Protection International Limited’s CEO Alex Bomberg on BBC Radio 5 Live said that the plot, in particular the personal relationship that Budd developed with his charge, would be frowned upon as both unprofessional and putting the charge at risk  Detective Chief Inspector Steve Ray, of the Royal and Specialist Protection Command (RaSP) told the BBC that “the relationship that we have with our principals is purely professional”, adding that anyone who crossed the line would quickly be identified and would not last very long in Protection Command or even in the police service” 

Accolades
Red Nose Bodyguard
A skit titled Red Nose Bodyguard was filmed in support of Comic Relief, featuring many cast members from the series as well as performances from Joanna Lumley, Adrian Dunbar and Sanjeev Bhaskar  The skit was first broadcast on Red Nose Day 2019 on 15 March 2019 

See also
List of fictional prime ministers of the United Kingdom
Context 3: Passage 1:
Breakfast at Tiffany's (song)
"Breakfast at Tiffany's" is a song by American alternative rock band Deep Blue Something  Originally appearing on their 1993 album 11th Song, it was later re-recorded and released on their 1995 album Home  Released as a single in July 1995, the song was the band's only hit in the United States, peaking at number five on the US Billboard Hot 100 in January 1996  Outside the United States, "Breakfast at Tiffany's" topped the UK Singles Chart and peaked within the top ten on the charts of Australia, Flanders, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, and Sweden 
Todd Pipes said in a Q magazine article about the promotion of "Breakfast at Tiffany's", "As the song had 'breakfast' in the title, radio stations thought it would be genius to have us on at breakfast time  We'd be up 'til 3 am and they'd wonder why we were pissed off playing at 6 am " Follow-up singles failed to match the success of "Breakfast at Tiffany's", hence the reason for the band's classification as a one-hit wonder 

Inspiration and composition
"Breakfast at Tiffany's" is sung from the point of view of a man whose girlfriend is on the verge of breaking up with him because the two have nothing in common  Desperate to find something, the man brings up the Audrey Hepburn film Breakfast at Tiffany's, and his girlfriend recalls that they "both kinda liked it " He argues that this should serve as enough motivation for them to work out their problems based on the notion that love will always find a way to make things work 
The film Roman Holiday inspired the lyrics of the song, but songwriter Todd Pipes thought that one of Hepburn's other films would make a better song title 

Critical reception
Brian Wahlert called "Breakfast at Tiffany's" "a cute, catchy song that should fit in well on adult contemporary, Top-40 and alternative radio" with memorable melody that makes it "a perfect single, along with the mildly repetitive, conversational lyrics of the chorus and the bright, acoustic guitar"  However, Tom Sinclair of Entertainment Weekly was unimpressed  He called it "possibly the year's most innocuous single, 'Breakfast at Tiffany's' is distressingly prosaic pop from a wimpy-sounding Texas quartet"; he added that it lacked any "musical piquancy"  The Houston Press listed the song as the second worst by an artist from Texas, after Vanilla Ice's "Ice Ice Baby"  British magazine Music Week rated it five out of five, picking it as Single of the Week  They wrote, "Radio-friendly rock at its best from the Texan trio  A mighty, bright chorus, quirky lyrics and some great guitar work should enable it to come close in the UK to matching its Top Five placing Stateside " VH1 and Blender ranked the song number six on their list of the "50 Most Awesomely Bad Songs Ever" 

Music video
The accompanying music video for "Breakfast at Tiffany's" features the band members arriving to a breakfast table and being served by butlers, beside the curb in front of Tiffany & Co  in Midtown Manhattan  At the end of the video a young woman dressed in a similar style to Holly Golightly's (Audrey Hepburn) from the beginning of the film, except dressed in white rather than black, walks past on the sidewalk, and takes off her sunglasses  The band is also seen performing the song in a field, and on the bed of a flatbed truck in NYC 

Track listings
US cassette singleA1  "Breakfast at Tiffany's" (LP version) – 4:11
A2  "Breakfast at Tiffany's" (Crunch mix) – 4:11
B1  "A Water Prayer" (LP version) – 3:20
B2  "Breakfast at Tiffany's" (LP version) – 4:11Australian CD and cassette single, UK CD single"Breakfast at Tiffany's" – 4:16
"A Water Prayer" – 3:19
"Sun" – 4:15UK cassette single and European CD single"Breakfast at Tiffany's" – 4:16
"A Water Prayer" – 3:19

Charts
Certifications
Release history
Other uses
On Top Gear, episode 8 of series 5, the song can be heard attempting to drown out a rattling from the dashboard of Jeremy Clarkson's Ferrari 612 Scaglietti 
In 2008, the song was used in a commercial in Slovakia for Orange cellular phone 
In 2010, the song appeared in a Saturday Night Live skit, with four friends (played by Will Forte, Jason Sudeikis, Bill Hader and Ryan Phillippe) talking during the verses and singing the choruses 
In August 2011, it was voted into fifth place by fans on Quietdrive's upcoming cover album, Your Record, Our Spin 
In May 2012, Episode 24 of New Girl highlighted the cast members dancing to this song  The group was listening to this song from Nick's mixtape where he was trying to convince himself to stay together with a likewise dissimilar girlfriend 
The song appeared in the fifth episode of the VH1 series Hindsight 
The song also appeared in the season 2 finale of Orange Is the New Black, eliciting a comment from a prison guard 
In 2018, the song was played on Netflix series Everything Sucks! 
Passage 2:
List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn
Audrey Hepburn received numerous awards and honors during her career  Hepburn won, or was nominated for, awards for her work in motion pictures, television, spoken-word recording, on stage, and humanitarian work  She was five-times nominated for an Academy Award, and she was awarded the 1953 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Roman Holiday and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1993, posthumously, for her humanitarian work  She won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role, from five nominations, and she received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992  Hepburn received 10 Golden Globe Award nominations, winning two, and she was the recipient of the Cecil B  DeMille Award in 1990  She also won the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine, and she received a Special Tony Award in 1968 
Posthumously, Hepburn also received a number of awards and honors, including a Primetime Emmy Award for her television series Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn, while her contributions to a spoken-word recording titled Audrey Hepburn's Enchanted Tales earned her a Grammy Award  Hepburn stands as one of few entertainers who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards  She has been honored on United States postage stamps, and she has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame  The American Film Institute has repeatedly recognized her talent, placing Hepburn third on its list of the top 100 female stars of all time and placing several of the films she starred in on its 100 best    lists 

E G O T 
Academy Awards
The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are presented annually by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry  Hepburn was nominated for five competitive awards, winning once  In addition, she was the recipient of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award posthumously  Hepburn's son Sean H  Ferrer accepted the award on her behalf 

Emmy Awards
The Primetime Emmy Awards, presented by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS), honor American prime time television entertainment  Hepburn was the recipient of one Emmy Award posthumously 

Grammy Awards
The Grammy Awards are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry  Hepburn won one Grammy Award posthumously 

Tony Awards
The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American theatre, and are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League  Hepburn won one competitive Tony Award, and was the recipient of the Special Tony Award in 1968 

Major associations
BAFTA Awards
The BAFTA Awards, presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is an annual awards show to celebrate excellence in film, television, television craft, video games, and forms of animation  Hepburn was nominated five times for a competitive award, winning three  In addition, she was the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992 

Golden Globe Awards
The Golden Globe Awards are presented annually by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) to recognize outstanding achievements in the entertainment industry, both domestic and foreign, and to focus wide public attention upon the best in motion pictures and television  Hepburn was a 10-time nominee, winning twice  In addition, she received the Cecil B  DeMille Award in 1990 

New York Film Critics Circle Awards
The New York Film Critics' Circle Awards are given annually to honor excellence in cinema worldwide by an organization of film reviewers from New York City-based publications  Hepburn won two of her six competitive nominations 

Screen Actors Guild Awards
The Screen Actors Guild Awards, presented by the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), recognize outstanding performances by its members  Hepburn was the recipient of a posthumous Life Achievement Award 

Other arts recognition
In recognition of her work in the performing arts, besides those awards aforementioned, Hepburn received several other honors  In 1959, she won the Silver Shell for Best Actress at the San Sebastian International Film Festival for her work in The Nun's Story  In 1987, she was awarded the Commander of the National French Order of Arts and Letters (French: Commandeur de L'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres), and was a Gala Film Tribute honoree  In 1991, she received the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award, an honorary Bambi Award, and was an Honoree at both the Film Society of Lincoln Center's Gala Tribute and the USA Film Festival's Master Screen  Then, in 1992, Hepburn was awarded The George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film  She was posthumously awarded the 1996 Women in Film's Crystal Award for her efforts in expanding the role of women within the entertainment industry 

Humanitarian recognition
In recognition of her humanitarian work, Hepburn received the following honors:1976

Variety Club of New York's Humanitarian Award1988

UNICEF's International Danny Kaye Award for Children1989

Institute for Human Understanding's International Humanitarian Award1990

UNICEF's seventh annual ball honored Hepburn1991

Washington UNICEF Council's Children's Champion Award
Certificate of Merit for UNICEF Ambassadorship
Variety Clubs International's Humanitarian Award
UNICEF's Sidaci per L'infanzia" (Mayors for Children) Award
Children's Institute International's Champion of Children Award
Sigma Theta Tau International Audrey Hepburn Award named after Hepburn, given to individuals in recognition for their international work on behalf of children1992

Honorary Chair and Speaker at Alan Shawn Feinstein World Hunger Awards held at Brown University
Presidential Medal of Freedom1993

The Pearl S  Buck Foundation's Women's Award2000

Women's International Center's Living Legacy Award for "stunning contributions to humanity and enduring legacies given to humankind"2002

Bronze sculpture entitled "The Spirit of Audrey", by sculptor John Kennedy, installed at the public plaza at UNICEF headquarters in New York2006

Sustainable Style Foundation inaugurated the Style & Substance Award in honour of Audrey Hepburn to recognize high-profile individuals who work to improve the quality of life for children around the world (the award was given to Hepburn posthumously and received by the Audrey Hepburn Children's Fund)

Style recognition
Hepburn was the first of only three people to wear the Tiffany Diamond
Hepburn was a member of the International Best Dressed List, and was elevated into its Hall of Fame in 1961
Included in People's "50 Most Beautiful People in the World" in 1990
Received the Council of Fashion Designers of America's Lifetime of Style Award in 1992

Other honours

She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 1652 Vine Street 
She received "The Key to the City" in five American cities: Chicago and Indianapolis in 1990; Fort Worth, Texas, in 1991; and San Francisco and Providence, Rhode Island, in 1992 
In 1987, she was made a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters from France
In 1990, she was honored with a new hybrid tulip in her name, as a tribute to the actress's career and to her long-time work on behalf of UNICEF, according to the Netherlands Flowerbulb Information Center  An official dedication ceremony took place at her family's former mansion Huis Doorn in Doorn, Netherlands 
In 1991, she was honored with a rose in her name  The rose was bred by Jerry F  Twomey at Leucadia, California 
In 1991, she received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement  Her Golden Plate was presented by Awards Council member Ralph Lauren 
"Audrey Hepburn Day" was proclaimed on 28 February 1991 by the mayor of Fort Worth, Texas, and on 10 April 1992 by the mayor of Providence, Rhode Island 
In 2003, the United States Postal Service issued a stamp illustrated by Michael J  Deas honouring her as a Hollywood legend and humanitarian  It has a drawing of her which is based on a publicity photo from the movie Sabrina  Hepburn is one of the few non-Americans to be so honoured 
In 2008, Canada Post issued a series of pre-paid postcards based on the work of Yousuf Karsh, one of which was a portrait of Hepburn 
In Arnhem, there is a square named after Audrey Hepburn 
KLM named a McDonnell Douglas MD-11 PH-KCE, Audrey Hepburn, in her honour 
Passage 3:
Fists of Legend
Fists of Legend (Korean: 전설의 주먹; RR: Jeonseolui Jumeok) is a 2013 South Korean sports drama film directed by Kang Woo-suk  It is based on the popular webtoon of the same title written by Lee Jong-gyu and illustrated by Lee Yoon-gyun  The film stars Hwang Jung-min, Yoo Jun-sang, Yoon Je-moon, Lee Yo-won, and Jung Woong-in 

Plot
A moment of bad luck derailed Deok-kyu's Olympic dreams and led him and his friends to jail  Jin-ho got out of jail quickly because of his rich parents, but Deok-kyu, Jae-seok, and Sang-hoon were not so lucky 
Years later, while running a noodle shop to earn extra money following an accident involving his daughter, Deok-kyu accepts an invitation to join a televised mixed martial arts tournament, Fists of Legend  A group of middle-aged men who used to be called "legends" during their teenage high school days take part in the "real action fighting" reality show, and the winner gets a prize of ₩20 million every round, for a total of ₩200 million (US$183,823)  Among the contestants are Deok-kyu's old friends Sang-hoon, currently a manager at a large company who lacks in self-respect after getting passed over for a promotion, and Jae-seok, now a good-for-nothing guy who dreams of becoming a somebody 

Cast
Hwang Jung-min - Im Deok-kyuPark Jung-min young Deok-kyu
Yoo Jun-sang- Lee Sang-hoon
Gu Won - young Sang-hoon
Yoon Je-moon - Shin Jae-seok
Park Doo-shik - young Jae-seok
Lee Yo-won - Hong Gyu-min
Jung Woong-in - Son Jin-ho
Lee Jung-hyuk - young Jin-ho
Sung Ji-ru - Seo Kang-gook
Ji Woo - Im Soo-bin
Kang Shin-il - Director Jo
Kang Sung-jin - announcer
Kwon Hyun-sang - Author
Choi Hyo-eun - Eun-soo
Kwon Eun-soo - Writer Kwon
Kim Jae-yong - Writer Jae

Production
Filming began on July 15, 2012 at the Shin Joon-sub boxing gym in Namwon, North Jeolla Province, and wrapped on November 28, 2012 in Paju Actor Yoo Jun-sang injured the cruciate ligament in his left knee while filming and underwent surgery on October 30, 2012 

Awards and nominations
2013 50th Grand Bell Awards

Nomination - Best Actor - Hwang Jung-min
Nomination - Best Supporting Actor - Yoo Jun-sang
Nomination - Best New Actor - Park Doo-shik
Nomination - Best New Actor - Park Jung-min
Nomination - Best Lighting - Kang Dae-hee
Passage 4:
On the Good Ship Lollipop
"On the Good Ship Lollipop" is a song composed by Richard A  Whiting with lyrics by Sidney Clare   It was the signature song of child actress Shirley Temple  Temple first sang it in the 1934 film, Bright Eyes In the song, the "Good Ship Lollipop" travels to a candy land   The "ship" referred to in the song is an aircraft; the scene in Bright Eyes where the song appears takes place on a taxiing American Airlines Douglas DC-2 400,000 copies of the sheet music, published by Sam Fox Publishing Company, were sold, and one recording by Mae Questel (the cartoon voice of Betty Boop and Olive Oyl) reputedly sold more than two million copies  It finished at #69 in the survey AFI's 100 Years   100 Songs of top tunes in cinema in the United States in June 2004 
The song was parodied on an episode of The Simpsons from May 2000, the episode being "Last Tap Dance in Springfield"  It was being sung as "On the Spaceship Lollipop" by Vicki Valentine (voiced by Tress MacNeille) herself spoofing Temple  The actual song was used on an earlier episode, "Treehouse of Horror III", which aired in October 1992 in which Shirley Temple was seen singing it during her concert before being devoured by King Homer, the sketch parodying King Kong The song was also parodied on an episode of The Brady Bunch from February 1974, the episode being "The Snooperstar" in which Cindy becomes convinced that Mike's fussy client Penelope Fletcher (Natalie Schafer) is a talent scout and is trying to make her into the next Shirley Temple 
The moniker "Good Ship Lollipop" was famously used by Chicago Outfit underboss Ernest "Rocky" Infelice and his inner circle to refer to the Cicero Crew, which he ran in the mid-to-late 1980's with his second in command, Salvatore "Solly D" DeLaurentis  It is unknown as to how the crew gained the nickname 
In the 2007 film Shrek the Third, The Gingerbread Man is heard singing the song after Captain Hook threatens him 

Other recordings
1935: Rudy Vallee and His Connecticut Yankees, recorded for Victor on December 24, 1934 (Christmas Eve) (catalog No  24838)  This was very popular in 1935 
1935: Ted Fio Rito – recorded for Brunswick Records (catalog No  7364) on August 1, 1935 
1952: Rosemary Clooney – on an unbreakable children’s record Columbia MJV138
1969: Tiny Tim covered the song, reaching #82 in Canada 
1980: Margaret Whiting (for her album Too Marvellous for Words) 
Passage 5:
The Garbage Picking Field Goal Kicking Philadelphia Phenomenon
The Garbage Picking Field Goal Kicking Philadelphia Phenomenon (also known simply as The Philadelphia Phenomenon)  is a 1998 American television movie starring Tony Danza from Walt Disney Pictures 

Plot
Barney Gorman (Tony Danza) works hard as a garbageman in Philadelphia, but his career indirectly embarrasses his family  Barney's frustration is made worse by being a fan of the Philadelphia Eagles, who are mired in a slump  Due to a sticky lever on his garbage truck, Barney has (without realizing it) developed a very strong kick  One day at the city dump, Barney kicks a water jug extremely far and catches the attention of a group of Eagles executives, who are scouting the location for land to build a new stadium  The Eagles coach offers Barney a job as the team's new kicker, which the owner feels is an excellent publicity stunt in "giving an average Joe a shot at the NFL" 
Barney joins the Eagles, but at first isn't really accepted by his teammates, especially his roommate, Bubba Downs  But once Barney starts playing and makes a lot of important field goals, his teammates and football fans all over town begin to love him, giving him the nickname "G-Man"  Unfortunately, the fame and popularity begin to go to Barney's head, and he becomes conceited and talks down to his teammates  In the next game, Barney misses a potential game-winning field goal, knocking the Eagles out of contention for the playoffs 
Barney goes to a bar, depressed and lonely, when an attractive blonde woman approaches him



ground_truth: South Central Coast

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: In which county was Zhu Qinan born?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
British nationality law
The primary law governing nationality in the United Kingdom is the British Nationality Act 1981, which came into force on 1 January 1983  Regulations apply to the British Islands, which include the UK itself and the Crown dependencies, and the 14 British Overseas Territories 
The six classes of British nationality each have varying degrees of civil and political rights, due to the UK's historical status as a colonial empire  The principal class of British nationality is British citizenship, which is associated with the British Islands  British nationals associated with an overseas territory are British Overseas Territories citizens (BOTCs)  Almost all BOTCs (except for those from Akrotiri and Dhekelia) have also been British citizens since 2002  Individuals connected with former British colonies may hold residual forms of British nationality, which do not confer an automatic right of abode in the United Kingdom and generally may no longer be acquired  These residual nationalities are the statuses of British Overseas citizen, British subject, British National (Overseas), and British protected person 
All persons born in the British Islands before 1 January 1983 were automatically granted citizenship by birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents  Individuals born in those territories since that date only receive citizenship at birth if at least the mother is a British citizen or holds settled status  Foreign nationals may naturalise as British citizens after meeting a minimum residence requirement (usually five years) and acquiring settled status 
The United Kingdom was previously a member state of the European Union (EU) and British citizens held full EU citizenship  They had held automatic and permanent permission to live and work in any EU or European Free Trade Association (EFTA) country and were able to vote in elections to the European Parliament  Despite the UK's withdrawal from the union in 2020, British citizens continue to hold permanent permission to work and reside in the Republic of Ireland as part of the Common Travel Area 

Terminology
The distinction between the meaning of the terms citizenship and nationality is not always clear in the English language and differs by country  Generally, nationality refers to a person's legal belonging to a sovereign state and is the common term used in international treaties when addressing members of a country, while citizenship usually means the set of rights and duties a person has in that nation  This distinction is clearly defined in many non-English speaking countries but not in the Anglosphere  Historically, an individual associated with Britain was neither a national nor a citizen, but a British subject  British citizenship was not created until passage of the British Nationality Act 1981  This Act defined six types of nationality with varying degrees of civil and political rights, dependent on a person's connections with the United Kingdom, overseas territories, or former colonies  British citizens hold their status because of a close connection with the British Islands, usually through their own (or parents' or grandparents') birth, adoption, naturalisation, or registration as citizens of the UK 

Types of British nationality
There are six types of British nationality: any person who is a British citizen, British Overseas Territories citizen (BOTC), British Overseas citizen (BOC), British National (Overseas) (BN(O)), British subject, or British protected person is a British national  Of these statuses, only British citizenship grants automatic right of abode in the United Kingdom  British Overseas Territories are areas outside of the British Islands where the UK holds sovereignty  Since 2002, nearly all BOTCs also hold British citizenship, except for those associated with Akrotiri and Dhekelia The other four categories are residual nationality classes that generally cannot be acquired  BOCs are people connected with former British colonies who have no close ties to the UK or overseas territories  BN(O)s are Hong Kong residents who voluntarily registered for this status before the territory's transfer to China in 1997  British subjects hold their status through a connection either to former  British India or to what is now the Republic of Ireland as they existed before 1949  British protected persons come from areas controlled by the British Empire but were never formally incorporated as Crown territory; this includes protectorates, protected states, mandated territories, and Indian princely states 

History
Development from feudal allegiance
Before the concept of nationality was codified in legislation, inhabitants of English communities owed allegiance to their feudal lords, who were themselves vassals of the monarch  This system of loyalty, indirectly owed to the monarch personally, developed into a general establishment of subjecthood to the Crown  Calvin's Case in 1608 established the principle of jus soli, that all those who were born within Crown dominions were natural-born subjects  After passage of the Acts of Union 1707, English and Scottish subjects became British subjects  Similarly, the Kingdom of Ireland was merged with the Kingdom of Great Britain to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland in 1801  Natural-born subjects were considered to owe perpetual allegiance to the Crown and could not voluntarily renounce British subject status until this was first permitted in 1870 Prior to 1708, foreigners could only be naturalised through Acts of Parliament  Protestants fleeing religious persecution in mainland Europe were allowed to naturalise as subjects in 1708, but this was quickly repealed in 1711 in response to the number of migrants exercising that ability  A standard administrative process was not introduced until 1844, when applicants were first able to acquire naturalisation grants from the Home Office  Despite the creation of this pathway, personalised naturalising legislation continued to be enacted until 1975 The monarch could personally make any individual a subject by royal prerogative  By this method, a foreigner became a denizen – although they were no longer considered an alien, they could not pass subject status to their children by descent and were barred from Crown service and public office  This mechanism was no longer used after 1873 Until the mid-19th century, it was unclear whether nationality regulations in the United Kingdom were applicable elsewhere in the British Empire  Individual colonies had each developed their own procedures and requirements for naturalisation, granting subject status at the discretion of the local governments  In 1847, Parliament formalised a clear distinction between subjects who were naturalised in the UK and those who became British subjects in other territories  Individuals who naturalised in the UK were deemed to have received the status by imperial naturalisation, which was valid throughout the Empire  Those naturalising in colonies were said to have gone through local naturalisation and were given subject status valid only within the relevant territory; a subject who locally naturalised in Canada was a British subject there, but not in England or New Zealand  When travelling outside of the Empire, British subjects who were locally naturalised in a colony were still entitled to imperial protection Certain territories that came under British jurisdiction were not formally incorporated as Crown territory proper  These included protectorates, protected states, mandated territories, and Indian princely states  Because domestic law treated these areas as foreign territory, birth in one of these areas did not automatically confer British subject status  Instead, most people associated with these territories were designated as British protected persons  British protected persons were treated as aliens in the United Kingdom, but both British subjects and protected persons could be issued British passports  Protected persons could not travel to the UK without first requesting permission, but were afforded the same consular protection as British subjects when travelling outside of the Empire 

Imperial common code
Parliament brought regulations for British subject status into codified statute law for the first time with passage of the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914  British subject status was standardised as a common nationality across the Empire  Dominions that adopted Part II of this Act as part of local legislation were authorised to grant subject status to aliens by imperial naturalisation The 1914 regulations codified the doctrine of coverture into imperial nationality law, where a woman's consent to marry a foreigner was also assumed to be intent to denaturalise; British women who married foreign men automatically lost their British nationality  There were two exceptions to this: a wife married to a husband who lost his British subject status was able to retain British nationality by declaration, and a British-born widow or divorcée who had lost her British nationality through marriage could reacquire that status without meeting residence requirements after the dissolution or termination of her marriage By the end of the First World War, the Dominions had exercised increasing levels of autonomy in managing their own affairs and each by then had developed a distinct national identity  Britain formally recognised this at the 1926 Imperial Conference, jointly issuing the Balfour Declaration with all the Dominion heads of government, which stated that the United Kingdom and Dominions were autonomous and equal to each other within the British Commonwealth of Nations  Full legislative independence was granted to the Dominions with passage of the Statute of Westminster 1931 Women's rights groups throughout the Empire pressured the imperial government during this time to amend nationality regulations that tied a married woman's status to that of her husband  Because the government could no longer enforce legislative supremacy over the Dominions after 1931 and wanted to maintain a strong constitutional link to them through the common nationality code, it was unwilling to make major changes without unanimous agreement among the Dominions on this issue, which it did not have  Imperial legal uniformity was nevertheless eroded during the 1930s; New Zealand and Australia amended their laws in 1935 and 1936 to allow women denaturalised by marriage to retain their rights as British subjects, and Ireland changed its regulations in 1935 to cause no change to a woman's nationality after her marriage 

Irish independence
Irish resistance to the Union and desire for local self-governance led to the Irish War of Independence  Following the war, the island of Ireland was partitioned into two parts  Southern Ireland became the Irish Free State in 1922, while Northern Ireland remains part of the United Kingdom  Under the terms of the Anglo-Irish Treaty, Northern Ireland was included in the Irish Free State on independence, but had the right to opt out of the new state within one month of its establishment  This option was exercised on 7 December 1922  The 24-hour period in which Northern Ireland was officially part of the Irish Free State meant that every person ordinarily resident in Northern Ireland on 6 December who fulfilled the citizenship provisions in the Constitution of the Irish Free State had automatically become an Irish citizen on that date At its inception, the Irish Free State gained independence as a Dominion within the British Empire  Imperial legislation at the time dictated that although individual Dominions could define a citizenship for their own citizens, that citizenship would only be effective within the local Dominion's borders  A Canadian, New Zealand, or Irish citizen who traveled outside of their own country would have been regarded as a British subject  This was reinforced by Article 3 of the 1922 Free State Constitution, which stated that Irish citizenship could be exercised "within the limits of the jurisdiction of the Irish Free State" When Free State authorities were first preparing to issue Irish passports in 1923, the British government insisted on the inclusion of some type of wording that described the holders of these passports as "British subjects"  The two sides could not reach agreement on this issue and when the Irish government began issuing passports in 1924, British authorities refused to accept these documents  British consular staff were instructed to confiscate any Irish passports that did not include the term "British subject" and replace them with British passports  This situation continued until 1930, when Irish passports were amended to describe its holders as "one of His Majesty's subjects of the Irish Free State"  Despite these disagreements, the two governments agreed not to establish border controls between their jurisdictions and all Irish citizens and British subjects continued to have the ability to move freely within the Common Travel Area  Although Irish citizens have not been considered British subjects under Irish law since 1935, the British government continued to treat virtually all Irish citizens as British subjects, except for those who had acquired Irish citizenship by naturalisation since the Free State had not incorporated Part II of the British Nationality and Status of Aliens Act 1914 into its legislation 

Changing relationship with the Empire and Commonwealth
Diverging developments in Dominion legislation, as well as growing assertions of local national identity separate from that of Britain and the Empire, culminated with the creation of a substantive Canadian citizenship in 1946, breaking the system of a common imperial nationality  Combined with the approaching independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, comprehensive reform to nationality law was necessary at this point to address ideas that were incompatible with the previous system The British Nationality Act 1948 redefined British subject as any citizen of the United Kingdom, its colonies, or other Commonwealth countries  Commonwealth citizen was first defined in this Act to have the same meaning  This alternative term was necessary to retain a number of newly independent countries in the Commonwealth that wished to become republics rather than preserve the monarch as head of state  The change in naming also indicated a shift in the base theory to this aspect of British nationality; allegiance to the Crown was no longer a requirement to possess British subject status and the common status would be maintained by voluntary agreement among the various members of the Commonwealth British subject/Commonwealth citizen status co-existed with the citizenships of each Commonwealth country  A person born in Australia would be both an Australian citizen and a British subject  British subjects under the previous meaning who held that status on 1 January 1949 because of a connection with the United Kingdom or a remaining colony became Citizens of the United Kingdom and Colonies (CUKC)  CUKC status was the principal form of British nationality during this period of time There was also a category of people called British subjects without citizenship  Irish citizens who fulfilled certain requirements could file formal claims with the Home Secretary to remain British subjects under this definition  Additionally, those who did not qualify for CUKC status or citizenship in other Commonwealth countries, or were connected with a country that had not yet defined citizenship laws, would transitionally remain British subjects in this group 

Irish departure from the Commonwealth
Despite the accommodations for republics, Ireland ended its Commonwealth membership in 1948 when it formally declared itself a republic and removed the British monarch's remaining official functions in the Irish state  This was recognised by Britain after passage of the Ireland Act 1949  Although Irish citizens have no longer been defined as British subjects in British law since 1949, they continue to be treated as non-foreign in the United Kingdom and retain the same rights and privileges exercised by Commonwealth citizens; Irish citizens remain eligible to vote and stand for parliament in the UK The British Nationality Act 1948 unintentionally excluded certain British subjects associated with Ireland from acquiring CUKC status  The wording of that law did not take into account the 24-hour period during which Northern Ireland was part of the Irish Free State in 1922  Individuals born before 1922 in the area that became the Republic of Ireland to fathers also born in that area but were domiciled in Northern Ireland on Irish independence had nevertheless automatically acquired Irish citizenship  The Ireland Act 1949 specifically addresses this by deeming any person in such circumstances who had never registered for Irish citizenship and had not permanently resided in the Republic between 10 April 1935 and 1 January 1949 as a CUKC and having never ceased to be a British subject 

Restricting Commonwealth free movement
All British subjects under the reformed system initially continued to hold free movement rights in both the UK and Ireland  Non-white immigration into the UK was systemically discouraged, but strong economic conditions in Britain following the Second World War attracted an unprecedented wave of colonial migration  This entitlement was part of a wider initiative to preserve close relationships with certain Dominions and colonies (Australia, Canada, New Zealand, South Africa, and Southern Rhodesia) and to moderate nationalist attitudes within the Commonwealth  In response, Parliament imposed immigration controls on any subjects originating from outside the British Islands with the Commonwealth Immigrants Act 1962  This restriction was somewhat relaxed by the Immigration Act 1971 for patrials, subjects whose parents or grandparents were born in the United Kingdom, which gave effective preferential treatment to white Commonwealth citizens  Ireland mirrored this restriction and limited free movement only to people born on the islands of Great Britain or Ireland  However, individuals born in the UK since 1983 are only British citizens if at least one parent is already a British citizen  The Irish regulation created a legal anomaly where persons born in Britain without British citizenship nevertheless held an unrestricted right to settle in Ireland; this inconsistency was removed in 1999 In other parts of the Commonwealth, British subjects already did not have an automatic right to settle  Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and South Africa had immigration restrictions in place for British subjects from outside their jurisdictions targeted at non-white migrants since the late 19th century  After 1949, non-local British subjects under the new definition who were resident in these independent Commonwealth countries continued to retain certain privileges  This included eligibility to vote in elections, for preferred paths to citizenship, and for welfare benefits  British subjects were eligible to vote in New Zealand until 1975 and Australia until 1984 (though subjects on the electoral roll in that year are still eligible)  In Canada, voting eligibility was revoked at the federal level in 1975, but not fully phased out in provinces until 2006  All Commonwealth citizens remain eligible to vote and stand for public office in the UK 

Post-imperial redefinition of nationality classes
By the 1970s and 1980s, most colonies of the British Empire had become independent and remaining ties to the United Kingdom had been significantly weakened  The UK updated its nationality law to reflect the more modest boundaries of its remaining territory and possessions with the British Nationality Act 1981  CUKCs were reclassified in 1983 into different nationality groups based on their ancestry, birthplace, and immigration status: CUKCs who had right of abode in the United Kingdom became British citizens while those connected with a remaining colony became British Dependent Territories citizens (BDTCs)  Remaining CUKCs who were no longer associated with a British territory became British Overseas citizens  The definition of "British subject" became limited to include only the category of people previously called British subjects without citizenship who held that status through a connection with former British India or Ireland before 1949 

Former membership in the European Union
In 1973, the United Kingdom joined the European Communities (EC), a set of organisations that later developed into the European Union (EU)  British citizens were able to work in other EC/EU countries under the freedom of movement for workers established by the 1957 Treaty of Rome and participated in their first European Parliament elections in 1979  With the creation of European Union citizenship by the 1992 Maastricht Treaty, free movement rights were extended to all nationals of EU member states regardless of their employment status  The scope of these rights was further expanded with the establishment of the European Economic Area in 1994 to include any national of an EFTA member state except for Switzerland, which concluded a separate free movement agreement with the EU that came into force in 2002 Not all British nationals were EU citizens  Only British citizens, British Overseas Territories citizens connected with Gibraltar, and British subjects under the 1981 Act who held UK right of abode were defined as UK nationals for the purposes of EU law  Although the Crown dependencies were part of the European Union Customs Union, free movement of persons was never implemented in those territories  Following the UK's withdrawal from the EU on 31 January 2020, British nationals have no longer been EU citizens  Despite this, British citizens continue to have free movement in Ireland as part of the preexisting arrangement for the Common Travel Area While the UK was a member state of the EU, Cypriot and Maltese citizens held a particularly favoured status there  While non-EU Commonwealth citizens continued to need a residence visa to live in the UK, Cypriot and Maltese citizens were able to settle there and immediately hold full rights to political participation due to their status as both Commonwealth and EU citizens  This group of EU citizens (along with Irish citizens) domiciled in the UK were able to vote in the 2016 United Kingdom European Union membership referendum while all other non-British EU citizens could not 

Acquisition and loss of nationality
British citizenship
Prior to 1983, all Individuals born within the British Islands (the United Kingdom and Crown Dependencies) received British citizenship at birth regardless of the nationalities of their parents  Individuals born afterwards only receive citizenship at birth if at least one parent is a British citizen or considered to have settled status in the UK  Children born overseas are British citizens by descent if either parent is a citizen otherwise than by descent, subject to regulations  Adopted children are treated as if they were naturally born to the adopting parents at the time of adoption  Children born abroad to members of the British Armed Forces or British citizens on Crown service are treated as if they were born in the UK Children born in the UK to a resident Irish citizen at any time are always British citizens at birth  Since 1983, the status of a child born in the UK is dependent on whether their parents held British citizenship or settled status at the time of their birth  Irish citizens residing in the UK are deemed to hold settled status upon arrival  Regulations concerning settled status for other European Union (EU), European Economic Area (EEA), and Swiss citizens have changed greatly over time, affecting the status of their children born during the different regulatory periods  EU/EEA citizens living in the UK before 2 October 2000 were automatically considered to be settled  Between that date and 29 April 2006, EU/EEA citizens were required to apply for permanent residency  Swiss citizens became subject to the same regulations on 1 June 2002  From 30 April 2006 until 30 June 2021, EU/EEA and Swiss citizens living in the UK for at least five years automatically received permanent resident status  Permanent resident status for these citizens expired on 1 July 2021, after which they have been required to hold settled status through the European Union Settlement Scheme or another path Foreign nationals may naturalise as British citizens after residing in the UK for more than five years and possessing indefinite leave to remain (ILR) for at least one year  The residency requirement is reduced to three years if an applicant is married to a British citizen and they immediately become eligible for naturalisation after receiving ILR or equivalent  Applicants must demonstrate proficiency in the English, Welsh, or Scottish Gaelic languages and pass the Life in the United Kingdom test 

British Overseas Territories citizenship
Individuals born in a territory automatically receive BOTC status if at least one parent is a BOTC or has belonger status  Children born in an overseas territory to British citizen parents who are not settled in a territory are British citizens at birth, but not BOTCs  Parents do not necessarily need to be connected with the same overseas territory to pass on BOTC status  Alternatively, a child born in an overseas territory may be registered as a BOTC if either parent becomes a BOTC or settles in any overseas territory subsequent to birth  A child who lives in the same territory until age 10 and is not absent for more than 90 days in each year is also entitled to registration as a BOTC  Furthermore, an adopted child automatically become a BOTC on the effective day of adoption if either parent is a BOTC or has belonger status  In all cases that an individual is a British Overseas Territories citizen at birth or adoption within the territories, that person is a BOTC otherwise than by descent Individuals born outside of the territories are BOTCs by descent if either parent is a BOTC otherwise than by descent  Unmarried fathers cannot automatically pass on BOTC status, and it would be necessary for them to register children as BOTCs  If a parent is a BOTC by descent, additional requirements apply to register children as BOTCs  Parents in Crown service who have children abroad are exempted from these circumstances, and their children would be BOTCs otherwise than by descent, as if they had been born on their home territory Foreigners and non-BOTC British nationals may naturalise as British Overseas Territories citizens after residing in a territory for more than five years and possessing belonger status or permanent residency for more than one year  The residency requirement is reduced to three years if an applicant is married to a BOTC  All applicants for naturalisation and registration are normally considered by the governor of the relevant territory, but the Home Secretary retains discretionary authority to grant BOTC status  Since 2004, BOTC applicants aged 18 or older are required to take an oath of allegiance to the Sovereign and loyalty pledge to the relevant territory during their citizenship ceremonies All British Overseas Territories citizens other than those solely connected with Akrotiri and Dhekelia became British citizens on 21 May 2002, and children born on qualified overseas territories to dual BOTC-British citizens since that date are both BOTCs and British citizens otherwise than by descent  Prior to 2002, only BOTCs from Gibraltar and the Falkland Islands were given unrestricted access to citizenship  BOTCs naturalised after that date may also become British citizens by registration at the discretion of the Home Secretary  Becoming a British citizen has no effect on BOTC status; BOTCs may also simultaneously be British citizens 

Other nationality classes
It is generally not possible to acquire other forms of British nationality  British Overseas citizenship, British subjecthood, and British protected person status are only transferred by descent if an individual born to a parent holding one of these statuses would otherwise be stateless  British Overseas citizens retain their status by association with most former British colonies, British subjects are connected specifically with Ireland or British India before 1949, and British protected persons are associated with territories that were under British control but not formally incorporated as part of the British Empire  British National (Overseas) status was exclusively granted by voluntary registration to Hong Kong residents who had been British Dependent Territories citizens prior to the transfer of sovereignty to China in 1997 and cannot be newly acquired in any case  Noncitizen British nationals may become British citizens by registration, rather than naturalisation, after residing in the United Kingdom for more than five years and possessing ILR for more than one year 

Renunciation and restoration
Any type of British nationality can be renounced by making a declaration to the Home Secretary, provided that the declarant possesses or intends to acquire another nationality  Former British citizens or BOTCs may subsequently apply for nationality restoration  Applicants who had originally renounced their British nationality in order to retain or acquire another nationality are entitled to register as British citizens or BOTCs once  Any subsequent renunciation and application for restoration, or someone applying for restoration who originally renounced their British nationality for a reason unrelated to acquiring or retaining an alternate nationality, would be subject to the discretionary approval of the Home Secretary 

Automatic loss of British nationality
British subjects (other than British subjects by virtue of a connection with the Republic of Ireland) and British protected persons lose British nationality upon acquiring any other form of nationality 

These provisions do not apply to British citizens 
British Overseas Territories citizens (BOTCs) who acquire another nationality do not lose their BOTC status but they may be liable to lose belonger status in their home territory under its immigration laws  Such persons are advised to contact the governor of that territory for information 
British Overseas citizens (BOCs) do not lose their BOC status upon acquisition of another citizenship, but any entitlement to registration as a British citizen on the grounds of having no other nationality no longer applies after acquiring another citizenship 

Deprivation of British nationality
The British government does not publish the number of people it strips of citizenship, but independent research by a lawyer-run website, in 2022, found at least 464 people's citizenship was revoked in the last 15 years  After the Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Act 2002 came into force British nationals could be deprived of their citizenship if and only if the Secretary of State was satisfied they were responsible for acts seriously prejudicial to the vital interests of the United Kingdom or an Overseas Territory This was extended under the Immigration, Asylum and Nationality Act 2006: people with dual nationality who are British nationals can be deprived of their British citizenship if the Secretary of State is satisfied that "deprivation is conducive to the public good", or if nationality was obtained by means of fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact  Between 2006 and the end of 2021 at least 464 people have had their citizenship removed by the government since the law was introduced  There is a right of appeal  This provision has been in force since 16 June 2006 when the Immigration, Nationality and Asylum Act 2006 (Commencement No 1) Order 2006 brought it into force  Loss of British nationality in this way applies also to dual nationals who are British by birth  The Secretary of State may not deprive a person of British nationality, unless obtained by means of fraud, false representation or concealment of a material fact, if they are satisfied that the order would make a person stateless This provision was again modified by the Immigration Act 2014 so as not to require that a third country would actually grant nationality to a person; British nationality can be revoked if "the Secretary of State has reasonable grounds for believing that the person is able, under the law of a country or territory outside the United Kingdom, to become a national of such a country or territory "The powers to strip citizenship were initially very rarely used  Between 2010 and 2015, 33 dual nationals had been deprived of their British citizenship  In the two years to 2013 six people were deprived of citizenship; then in 2013, 18 people were deprived, increasing to 23 in 2014  In 2017, over 40 people had been deprived as of July (at this time increased numbers of British citizens went to join "Islamic State" and then tried to return) The Home Office does not issue information on these cases and is resistant to answering questions, for example under the Freedom of Information Act 2000  It appears that the government usually waits until the person has left Britain, then sends a warning notice to their British home and signs a deprivation order a day or two later  Appeals are heard at the highly secretive Special Immigration Appeals Commission (SIAC), where the government can submit evidence that cannot be seen or challenged by the appellant Home Secretary Sajid Javid said in 2018 that until then deprivation of nationality had been restricted to "terrorists who are a threat to the country", but that he intended to extend it to "those who are convicted of the most grave criminal offences"  The acting director of Liberty responded "The home secretary is taking us down a very dangerous road      making our criminals someone else’s problem is     the government washing its hands of its responsibilities     Banishment belongs in the dark ages "A Nationality and Borders Bill was introduced to the British House of Commons in July 2021, sponsored by the Home Office under Home Secretary Priti Patel  In November 2021, an amendment to the Bill was introduced which, if passed, would allow people to be deprived of British citizenship without being given notice  At the time the Home Office reiterated its position on citizenship: "British citizenship is a privilege, not a right" 

British citizenship ceremonies
From 1 January 2004, all new applicants for British citizenship by naturalisation or registration aged 18 or over if their application is successful must attend a citizenship ceremony and either make an affirmation or take an oath of allegiance to the monarch, and make a pledge to the UK 
Citizenship ceremonies are normally organised by:

local councils in England, Scotland, and Wales
the Northern Ireland Office
the governments of the Isle of Man, Jersey and Guernsey
the Governors of British Overseas Territories
British consular offices outside the United Kingdom and territories Persons from what is now the Republic of Ireland born before 1949 reclaiming British subject status under section 31 of the 1981 Act do not need to attend a citizenship ceremony  If such a person subsequently applies for British citizenship by registration or naturalisation, attendance at a ceremony is required 
For those who applied for British citizenship before 2004:

the oath of allegiance was administered privately through signing a witnessed form in front of a solicitor or other accredited person
those who already held British nationality (other than British protected persons) were exempt, as were those citizens of countries with the King as Head of State (such as Australia and Canada) 

See also
Visa policy of the United Kingdom
Visa requirements for British citizens
Visa requirements for British Nationals (Overseas)
Visa requirements for British Overseas citizens
Visa requirements for British Overseas Territories citizens

Notes
Passage 2:
Webex
Webex by Cisco is an American company that develops and sells web conferencing, videoconferencing  and contact center as a service applications  It was founded as WebEx in 1995 and taken over by Cisco Systems in 2007  Its headquarters are in San Jose, California Its software products include Webex App, Webex Suite, Webex Meetings, Webex Messaging, Webex Calling, Webex Contact Center, and Webex Devices  All Webex products are part of the Cisco Systems collaboration portfolio 

History
WebEx was founded in 1995 by Subrah Iyar and Min Zhu  It had its initial public offering in July 2000  WebEx was listed on the NASDAQ National Market, and then the NASDAQ Global Select Market, when that was introduced in 2006 

Services
At the time of the acquisition, all Webex applications were built on the MediaTone platform and supported by the Webex MediaTone Network (originally called the Webex interactive network), a global network intended for use with on-demand programs  The network was designed by Shaun Bryant, Webex's Chief Network Architect, and Zaid Ali Sr, Network Architect, to be one of the first SaaS platforms on the Internet In July 2006, AOL and Webex launched a business version of AOL's instant messaging software, AIM Pro, with additional features to help workers collaborate using conferencing tools offered by Webex On September 26, 2006, the company announced plans to offer a web collaboration "mashup" platform called "Webex Connect" On November 17, 2014, Cisco announced an evolution of Webex called Project Squared  On March 17, 2015 this effort was re-branded as Cisco Spark On April 18, 2018, Cisco announced that Cisco Spark would be combined into the Cisco Webex platform  On this same date, Cisco rebranded all of the rest of their Spark products to Webex, including the Spark Room Kit—now Webex Room Kit—and Spark Board—now Webex Board 

On May 15, 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Cisco CFO Kelly Kramer reported in the month of April 2020, they had 500 million meeting attendees, and that equated to 25 billion meeting minutes, using its video-conferencing application Webex In September 2020, Cisco launched a new platform Webex Classrooms for virtual homeroom encounters On October 26, 2021, Cisco launched an update aimed to enhance virtual and hybrid in-person meetings and events, using AI-powered technology for their Webex portfolio 

Acquisition
The company acquired Intranets com in 2005, providing entrance into the small- and mid-size business market through the company's customer base of businesses with fewer than 100 employees  It acquired the ability to offer online collaboration tools such as discussion forums, document sharing and calendaring while Intranets com provided access to the Webex communications environment for its customers On March 15, 2007, Cisco Systems announced it would acquire WebEx for $3 2 billion  Cisco has said that its long-term plan is to absorb WebEx at both a technology and a sales level In October 2020, Cisco acquired BabbleLabs In February 2021, Cisco acquired imimobile, a provider of communications platform as a service (CPaaS) solutions for its Webex  collaboration portfolio imimobile 

Legal proceedings and inquiries
Goldman Sachs securities fraud investigation
As a result of a securities fraud investigation initiated by the SEC and by various state Attorney General offices, Goldman Sachs faced charges of issuing unfair research, including coverage of WebEx, and IPO violations for the period 1999 to 2001  Webex management allegedly dictated to Goldman Sachs analysts what the research should and should not include  Webex maintains the management's information was accurate  Another charge accuses Goldman Sachs of violating securities law in its allocation of shares in WebEx's initial public offering 

Raindance lawsuit for patent infringement
On September 27, 2005, Webex sued Raindance Communications, Inc , a competitor, for patent infringement  On October 14, 2005, Raindance filed a countersuit against Webex for patent infringement  Both parties sought both damages and an injunction enjoining further acts they claim to be infringing on patents  On March 31, 2006, the parties agreed to the dismissal of both actions, releases of claims for past infringement, payments associated with those releases, and cross-licenses to each other's patents  The agreement resulted in Webex receiving 1 million dollars from Raindance 

See also
Collaborative software
Comparison of web conferencing software
Comparison of remote desktop software
Zoom (software)
Passage 3:
Central Library (Kansas City, Missouri)
The Central Library is the main library of the Kansas City Public Library system, which is located in the Library District of Downtown Kansas City, Missouri, United States  It is situated at 14 West 10th Street, at the corner of West 10th Street and Baltimore Avenue, across Baltimore Avenue from the Kansas City Club and up from the New York Life Building  It contains the administration of Kansas City's library system Within the Central Library, the Missouri Valley Room contains a wide collection of items related to Kansas City local history, including original and published materials, news articles, postcards, photographs, maps, and directories dating from the city's earliest history   The Library's Ramos Collection includes books, pamphlets, journal articles, and other materials relating to African-American history and culture 
Passage 4:
Salamá
Salamá is a city in Guatemala  It is the capital of the department of Baja Verapaz and it is situated at 940 m above sea level  The municipality of Salamá, for which the city of Salamá serves as the administrative centre, covers a total surface area of 764 km² and contains 65,275 people 

Etymology
Salamá comes from Kʼicheʼ Tz'alam Ha meaning table on water 

History
Salamá was settled as a doctrine by the Order of Preachers in the 1550s, as part of the Tezulutlán Capitulations that friar Bartolome de las Casas lobbied from the Crown  The friars had thousands of acres with hills, forest, a section of the plain and abundant water supply  Both location and weather were ideal for vines; the characteristic soil and dried grass from the rest of the plain was replaced by vines thanks to a superb irrigation system the friars built inspired by the Romans After independence in 1821, the Central Ameran liberal criollos tried to remove the Catholic Church from power, along with the Guatemalan aristocrats of the Aycinena family  By 1829, the liberal forces of general Francisco Morazán expelled both the aristocrats and the regular orders from Central America, including the Order of Preachers, one of the richest  In Salamá, they had to leave behind their monastery, church and vines, which were confiscated by the Guatemalan State government, but remained abandoned due to the political turmoil of the times 

Battle of Salamá of 1839
In early 1838, Morazán's liberal forces were back in Guatemala after a peasant revolt ousted Guatemalan governor Mariano Galvez  Morazán and his Guatemalan ally José Francisco Barrundia invaded Guatemalan soil and when they arrived in San Sur, they summarily executed Chúa Álvarez, general Rafael Carrera's father-in-law, because Carrera was the leader of the revolt  Morazán's soldiers placed Álvarez' head on top of a spike as a warning to Carrera's followers  Upon learning the news, both Carrera and his wife, Petrona Álvarez – who had left Guatemala City to face Morazán and were in Mataquescuintla – promised to avenge Chúa even after Morazán's death  The liberals sent several envoys to try to meet with Carrera, but he did not want to talk to them –especially not to Barrundia, who was told that he should not try to come in to talk to Carrera if he wanted to remain alive  After this, Morazán began a strong offensive, destroying every single town in his path, stealing the few belongings and forcing Carrera militants to hide in the mountains Thinking that Carrera was completely defeated, Morazán and Barrundia went on to Guatemala City, where governor Valenzuela and the conservative criollos of the Aycinena family celebrated finally having a leader like Morazán, who had defeated Carrera and his peasant revolt once and for all  The Guatemalans offered to sponsor any campaign that Morazán wanted at that point  Morazán helped Los Altos and appointed Mariano Rivera Paz, who was close to the Aycinena family; however he did not return to the former aristocrats any of their confiscated possessions  In return, Juan José de Aycinena y Piñol, leader of the family, voted in favor of dissolving the Central American Federation, thus forcing Morazán to return to El Salvador to try to save what was left of his presidential powers  On his way to El Salvador, he increased repression, on anybody suspect of helping Carrera in the past Knowing that Morazán was on his way to El Salvador, Carrera tried to take Salamá with the little forces that he still had left, but was defeated and even lost his brother Laureano in the battle   With only a handful of men he was able to escape, badly wounded, to Sanarate  After a halfway recovery, Carrera had a few more battles where he won, but suffered considerable casualties Finally, the liberal forces captured Carrera, but could not shoot him, because the Central American Federation was in turmoil and they needed the caudillo to keep the peasants in check  Morazán was forced to appoint him as commander in Mita  Morazán would come to regret that decision, as Carrera would eventually defeat him in 1840, finishing the Honduran general run as the main political figure of Central America As of 1850, the population was estimated to be 4,500 

Miguel Enríquez and president Barillas in 1892
In 1892, president general Manuel Barillas called an election  It was the first time a Guatemalan president had become tired of the office and it was also the first election in Guatemala that allowed the candidates to run propaganda in the local newspapers  Among the candidates who ran for office were:

Lorenzo Montúfar y Rivera: a well known a respected liberal intellectual  He was the only one of all candidates who made an engraving of his portrait to publish it in the newspapers and was accused of wasting resources for doing this 
General José María Reyna Barrios: nephew of former president Justo Rufino Barrios and eventual winner 
Miguel Enríquez: a Salamá landowner  Enríquez had been a liberal, but became a conservative after the persecution that he suffered from the Barillas administration Barillas was unique among all liberal presidents of Guatemala between 1871 and 1944: he handed over power to his successor peacefully  When election time approached, he sent for the three Liberal candidates to ask them what their government plan would be  Satisfied with the response of Reyna Barrios, Barillas made sure a huge column of Quetzaltenango and Totonicapán Indigenous people came down from the mountains to vote for the general  The official agents did their job: Reyna was elected president and, so as not to offend the losing candidates, Barillas gave them checks to cover the costs of their presidential campaigns  Reyna Barrios of course received nothing, but he went on to become President on March 15, 1892 Only Enríquez was not compensated; on the contrary, after the elections he had to run away from his farmland in Salamá after being accused of sedition; he was captured and executed near Zacapa 

Miguel Ángel Asturias in Salamá
In 1904, the father of future Literature Nobel Prize awardee Miguel Ángel Asturias, who was a judge, freed several students that had been detained after rioting  In consequence president Manuel Estrada Cabrera, and removed him from his post  In 1905, the family was forced to move to Salamá, where Miguel Ángel Asturias lived on his grandparents' farm and came in contact with Guatemalan natives for the first time  His nanny, Lola Reyes, was a native girl who told him stories, myths and legends from her culture which eventually would impact heavily in his work  In 1908, when Asturias was nine years old, his family returned to Guatemala City 

Anticommunist rebellion in 1953
During the revolutionary government of colonel Jacobo Árbenz, the opposition – mainly formed by Guatemalan landlords and United Fruit Company executives – was completely against any reform that the government of Juan José Arévalo had established: social security, creation of commercial and public labor unions, democracy and freedom of press, among others  At the election of Árbenz in 1950, the Guatemalan elite was desperate, but most of its members hoped that the new president would back out of the policies of his predecessor, whom they accused of communism  Árbenz' image convinced them of that: the Guatemalan colonel was married to María Cristina Vilanova, a lady from the Salvadorian elite  He was an Army officer, lived in a mansion in zone 10 in Guatemala City and had the proper aristocratic presence  But their hopes were shattered when Árbenz supported the formation of the Guatemalan Communist Party and then pushed for aggressive agrarian reform  Confronted with the situation, the opposition had only one clear goal: to defend the privileges that they had enjoyed in Guatemala for generations and so they embraced anticommunism to justify their fight against the government  On the other hand, the middle class enjoyed benefits that allowed them to prosper and they were loyal to Árbenz  The peasants were for the first time since the Rafael Carrera government treated with respect and dignity This was the political and economic situation of the country when on 29 March 1953 the anticommunist opposition assaulted Salamá at dawn: approximately 100 rebels invaded Salamá and neighboring San Jerónimo  The invasion was not properly organized and by 6:00 a m  was completedly defeated by army forces that arrived from Cobán  This event however began government prosecution of anticommunist elements, which gradually escalated until it became pure repression in May 1954, when CIA Operation PBSuccess and the Carlos Castillo Armas invasion were well in progress and the Arbenz regime was practically doomed 

Festivals
The annual festival takes place from September 17 to September 22 

Climate
Salamá has a tropical savanna climate (Köppen: Aw) 

Geography and location
Settlements
Salamá has 146 settlements, being the main ones:

San Rafael Chilasco is the largest settlement and is a tourist attraction given that it has one of the tallest waterfalls in Central America 

Geographic location
Salamá is surrounded by Baja Verapaz municipalities, except by South, where it borders Chuarrancho, a Guatemala Department municipality 

See also
Guatemala portal
 Geography portal
Baja Verapaz
History of Guatemala
Order of Preachers
List of places in Guatemala

Notes and references
Passage 5:
Zhu Yunlai
Levin Zhu Yunlai (born 29 July 1958) is a Chinese businessman  He is the eldest son of Zhu Rongji, a former Premier of the People's Republic of China  In 1994, he graduated from the University of Wisconsin, studying atmospheric science 
In 1998, Zhu was invited by Wang Qishan to join China International Capital Corporation, which was then fledgling investment bank based in China, with Morgan Stanley as a shareholder  Zhu served as CEO of the firm between 2004 and 2014 Zhu and his father, Zhu Rongji, by family tradition, are descendants of Zhu Yuanzhang, the Hongwu Emperor, the founding emperor of the Ming dynasty, through the line of Zhu Pian, Zhu Yuanzhang's 18th son 
Passage 6:
Cyprus Popular Bank
Cyprus Popular Bank (from 2006 to 2011 known as Marfin Popular Bank) was the second-largest banking group in Cyprus behind the Bank of Cyprus until it was 'shuttered' in March 2013 and split into two parts  The 'good' Cypriot part was merged into the Bank of Cyprus (including insured deposits under 100,000 Euro) and the 'bad' part or legacy entity holds all the overseas operations as well as uninsured deposits above 100,000 Euro, old shares and bonds  The uninsured depositors were subject to a bail-in and became the new shareholders of the legacy entity   As at May 2017, the legacy entity is one of the largest shareholders of Bank of Cyprus with 4 8% but does not hold a board seat  All the overseas operations, of the now defunct Cyprus Popular Bank, are also held by the legacy entity, until they are sold by the Special Administrator, at first Ms Andri Antoniadou, who ran the legacy entity for two years, from March 2013 until 3 March 2015  She tendered her resignation due to disagreements, with the Governor of the Central Bank of Cyprus and the Central Bank Board members, who amended the lawyers of the legacy entity, without consulting her  Veteran banker Chris Pavlou who is an expert in Treasury and risk management took over as Special Administrator of the legacy entity in April 2015 until December 2016  The legacy entity is pursuing legal action against former major shareholder Marfin Investment Group 
Its shares were listed on the Cyprus Stock Exchange and the Athens Stock Exchange  CPB had a network of more than 295 branches in Cyprus, Russia, Ukraine, Romania, Serbia, the UK and Malta  The bank had applied to open a representative office in Beijing, People's Republic of China Trading on the island as Laiki Bank (Laiki being the Greek word for Popular), as of September 2012 it held a 16% share of the market in loans and a 14 4% share of deposits   The Bank made a series of large loans, many to Greek companies prior to and during their financial crisis  What followed has been described as "billions handed out in bad loans created a financial time-bomb"  After the bank collapsed, it was rescued by the Cypriot government, which took 84% ownership on 30 June 2012 and as of March 2013 it is being dismantled as part of the 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis 

History
In 1901, four leading citizens of Limassol—Agathoclis Francoudis, Ioannis Kyriakides, Christodoulos Sozos and Neoklis Ioannides—established the Popular Savings Bank of Limassol to encourage saving among the workforce  More than two decades later, in 1924, the bank changed its name from the Popular Savings Bank of Limassol to the Popular Bank of Limassol  The bank also became the first company in Cyprus to register as a public-traded company 
Then in 1967, the Popular Bank of Limassol changed its name to Cyprus Popular Bank (CPB) to reflect the bank’s expansion beyond Limassol  Expansion beyond Limassol followed quickly, with the establishment of its first branches in Nicosia,  Famagusta (1969), and Paphos and Larnaca (1970)  Also in 1970, Midland Bank acquired 22% of the company's shares, making Midland a major shareholder in CPB  The next year CPB relocated its headquarters from Limassol to Nicosia 

1974 CPB established its first London branch 
1983 CPB acquired all the Cyprus operations of Grindlays Bank located in the area under government control 
1992 CPB opened the first branch of European Popular Bank in Athens  CPB owned 58% of the shares of the bank; other shareholders included HSBC (formerly Midland Bank) and Greek and Cypriot investors  CPB retained branches in Heraklion and Thessaloniki
1995 CPB opened its first representative offices in South Africa and in Toronto, Ontario, Canada 
1996 CPB opened its first representative offices in Australia 
1997 CPB opened its first representative offices in Serbia and in Russia ("Rosprombank")
1998 CPB establishes a representative office in New York  (NY State Banking Dept says State chartered) 
2000 The Cyprus Popular Bank Group changed its name to Laiki Group 
2001 The Laiki Group established a subsidiary in Australia with five branches 
2005 The Group established Laiki Bank (Guernsey), and purchased Bank Centrobank in Serbia 
2006 The Greek Marfin Investment Group acquired HSBC's shares in Laiki Bank, establishing a strong minority share position   Subsequently, the Marfin Investment Group through more acquisitions managed to take control of Laiki Bank, which it re-branded as Marfin Popular Bank   In Greece, the Marfin Group consolidated Egnatia, Laiki and Marfin to form Marfin Egnatia Bank, which is the 95%-owned Greek subsidiary of Marfin Popular Bank 
2007 The bank announced the planned takeover of 50 12% of the share capital of AS SBM Pank, a bank in Estonia MPB also acquired 99 2% of the shares of Marine Transport Bank Ukraine for US$156 million  This bank was founded in 1993 as Marine Trade Bank and changed its name to Marine Transport Bank in 1996  It has its headquarters in the Odesa region and has 86 branches 
Lastly, MPB acquired 43% of the share capital of Lombard Bank Malta for €48 million from Banca della Svizzera Italiana (BSI) of Lugano  CPB now holds c  49% of Lombard Bank Malta In 2007, the bank announced a multi-million financial deal to sponsor the football First Division in Cyprus until 2010 
2008 Marfin Popular Bank completed its acquisition of 50 4% of the shares of CJSC RPB Holding, parent company of the Rossisysky Promishlenny Bank (Rosprombank), for €83 million  The acquisition makes Marfin the first Greek or Cypriot bank to acquire control of a bank in Russia 
In 2010, they launched a new mobile banking and mobile trading service  In the same year, the company was selected as the bank of the year in Cyprus by the Banker 
2010 MPB sold 85% of Laiki Bank Australia to Bank of Beirut  The Australian bank received a new name, Beirut Hellenic Bank  At the time, the bank had a branch in Adelaide, four branches in Melbourne and five branches in Sydney 
2011 MPB sold the majority of its shareholding in its Estonian subsidiary and returned to its historic name of Cyprus Popular Bank (CPB) 
In 2012 CPB converted its Greek subsidiary into a branch of the parent bank 
The 2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis resulted in financial difficulties at CPB  The Cypriot state recapitalized CPB on 30 June 2012 with the result that the government acquired 84% of the bank's equity  This increased the bank's core tier 1 capital ratio towards 9%, the level mandated by the European Banking Authority 
In early 2013 CPB renamed its Greek branches to CPB Bank and on 26 March the bank sold them to Piraeus Bank  Laiki was split into a good and bad bank, the good bank (Cyprus operations) merged with Bank of Cyprus and the bad bank is in the process of being sold and finally shuttered  The board and CEO were replaced on 27 March  The bad bank was being run by a Special Administrator Ms Andri Antoniadou who was acting CEO until 3 March 2015  Veteran banker Chris Pavlou took over as Special Administrator in April 2015 until December 2016 In 2018 European Court dismisses compensation claim in Cyprus 2013 deposit-grab 
Passage 7:
Pesanggrahan, South Jakarta
Pesanggrahan is a district of South Jakarta one of the administrative cities which forms the capital territory of Jakarta, Indonesia  The Pesanggrahan River flows along the eastern edge of Pesanggrahan District  To the west of Pesanggrahan District is Tangerang and South Tangerang, Banten Province 
Pesanggrahan District was originally part of the Kebayoran Lama District, which was later made into a separate district 
A southwestern portion of the Jakarta Outer Ring Road and the Serpong-Jakarta railway passed through Pesanggrahan District 

Toponym
The name Pesanggrahan is derived from the name of the river Pesanggrahan along the eastern edge of the district 

Kelurahan (Administrative villages)
The district of Pesanggrahan is divided into five administrative villages (kelurahan):

Ulujami - area code 12250
Petukangan Utara - area code 12260
Petukangan Selatan - area code 12270
Pesanggrahan - area code 12320
Bintaro - area code 12330

List of important places

Budi Luhur University
Darunnajah Islamic Boarding School
Metro Mall Cipulir
Taman Swadharma
Passage 8:
Sanjiang Church
Sanjiang Church (三江基督教堂) was a Christian church located in Yongjia County, near Wenzhou, in Zhejiang Province, China  The church was completed in December 2013   The city of Wenzhou is a port city believed to have China's largest Christian community   Local Christians claim as many as 15 percent of the residents Christians with the majority being Protestant   British missionaries George and Grace Stott had set up churches in this area towards the end of the 19th century 
The Sanjiang Church was completed in 2013 after almost six years and after local Christians pooled together between 3 2 and 4 9 million US dollars (20-30 million yuan) for the construction costs   The building was large enough to hold up to 2,000 people with the church complex occupying more than 100,000 square feet of land  The church had been registered with the government authorities  The demolition was preceded by a petition by local believers of the Chinese folk faith accusing the church to disrupt the area's feng shui (cosmic harmony), highlighting the tensions between indigenous religious groups and Christianity 

2014 Protests
In April 2014, thousands of Chinese Christians camped around a church to prevent it from being demolished after several crosses had been torn down   In February 2014, local officials began an antireligious campaign to demolish any church buildings that violated local regulations   Local Christians claim that Communist Party officials object to the bright, prominent crosses that some churches use to advertise their presence and want these crosses to be replaced with smaller crosses inside   Government officials claim that the building is structurally unsound 

Demolition
As of April 28, 2014, the entire church had been toppled over 
Passage 9:
Biłgoraj County
Biłgoraj County (Polish: powiat biłgorajski) is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland  It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998  Its administrative seat and largest town is Biłgoraj, which lies 79 kilometres (49 mi) south of the regional capital Lublin  The county contains three other towns: Tarnogród, lying 21 km (13 mi) south of Biłgoraj, Józefów, lying 24 km (15 mi) east of Biłgoraj, and Frampol, 16 km (10 mi) north of Biłgoraj 
The county covers an area of 1,677 79 square kilometres (647 8 sq mi)  As of 2008, its total population is 103,661, which includes 26,306 in Biłgoraj, 3,333 in Tarnogród, 2,486 in Józefów, 1,428 in Frampol, and a rural population of 
67,596 

Neighbouring counties
Biłgoraj County is bordered by Lublin County and Krasnystaw County to the north, Zamość County and Tomaszów Lubelski County to the east, Lubaczów County and Przeworsk County to the south, Leżajsk County to the south-west, Nisko County to the west, and Janów Lubelski County to the north-west 

Administrative division
The county is subdivided into 14 gminas (one urban, three urban-rural and 10 rural)  These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population 
Passage 10:
States of Nigeria
Nigeria is a federation of 36 states and 1 federal capital territory  Each of the 36 states is a semi-autonomous political unit that shares powers with the federal government as enumerated under the Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria  The Federal Capital Territory (FCT), is the capital territory of Nigeria, and it is in this territory that the capital city of Abuja is located  The FCT is not a state but is administered by elected officials who are supervised by the federal government  Each state is subdivided into local government areas (LGAs)  There are 774 local governments in Nigeria  Under the constitution, the 36 states are co-equal but not supreme because sovereignty resides with the federal government  The constitution can be amended by the National Assembly, but each amendment must be ratified by two-thirds of the 36 states of the federation 

Current states and the Federal Capital Territory
Evolution of Nigerian states
Government
States of Nigeria have the right to organize and structure their individual governments in any way within the parameters set by the Constitution of Nigeria 

Legislature
At the state level, the legislature is unicameral, with the number of its members equal to three times the number of legislators it has in the Federal House of Representatives  It has the power to legislate on matters on the concurrent list 

Executive
At the state level, the head of the executive is the governor, who has the power to appoint people to the state executive council, subject to the advice and consent of the state house of assembly (legislature)  The head of a ministry at the state level is the commissioner, who is assisted by a permanent secretary, who is also a senior civil servant of the state 

Judiciary
The Judiciary is one of the co-equal arms of the state government concerned with the interpretation of the laws of the state government  The judiciary is headed by the chief justice of the state appointed by the governor subject to the approval of the state house of assembly 

Chronology
See also
List of Nigerian states by population
ISO 3166-2:NG
List of state governors of Nigeria

Notes
Sources
Gboyega Ajayi (2007)  The military and the Nigerian state, 1966–1993: a study of the strategies of political power control  Trenton, New Jersey: Africa World Press  ISBN 978-1-59221-568-3 
Solomon Akhere Benjamin (1999)  The 1996 state and local government reorganizations in Nigeria  Ibadan: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research  ISBN 978-181-238-9 
Rotimi T  Suberu (1994)  1991 state and local government reorganizations in Nigeria  Ibadan: Institute of African Studies, University of Ibadan  ISBN 978-2015-28-8 

External links
"New States of Nigeria"  Statoids 
Headline News in Nigeria Archived 2018-08-20 at the Wayback Machine StatesStates And Capital In Nigeria, Their Slogans & Current Governors A comprehensive list of all states in Nigeria and their current governors 
Passage 11:
Gmina Tarnów
Gmina Tarnów is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Tarnów County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship, in southern Poland  Its seat is the city of Tarnów, although the city is not part of the territory of the gmina 
The gmina covers an area of 82 81 square kilometres (32 0 sq mi), and as of 2006 its total population is 23,060 

Villages
Gmina Tarnów contains the villages and settlements of Biała, Błonie, Jodłówka-Wałki, Koszyce Małe, Koszyce Wielkie, Łękawka, Nowodworze, Poręba Radlna, Radlna, Tarnowiec, Wola Rzędzińska, Zawada, Zbylitowska Góra and Zgłobice 

Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Tarnów is bordered by the city of Tarnów and by the gminas of Czarna, Lisia Góra, Pleśna, Skrzyszów, Tuchów, Wierzchosławice, Wojnicz and Żabno 
Passage 12:
Minsk Region
Minsk Region, also known as Minsk Oblast or Minsk Voblasts (Belarusian: Мі́нская во́бласць, romanized: Minskaja voblasć, IPA: [ˈmʲinskaja ˈvobɫasʲtsʲ]; Russian: Минская о́бласть, romanized: Minskaya oblast), is one of the regions of Belarus  Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus  As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500 

Geography
Minsk Region covers a total of 39,900 km2, about 19 44% of the national total area  Lake Narach, the largest lake in the country, is located in the northern part of the region  There are four other large lakes in this region: Svir (8th largest), Myadel (11th largest), Syalyava (14th largest) and Myastro (15th largest)  It is the only region of Belarus whose border is not part of the international border of Belarus 

History
Beginning the 10th century, the territory of the current Minsk Region was part of Kievan Rus', the Principality of Polotsk, and later it was included in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania  With the unification of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland, the territory became part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 
In 1793, as a result of the second partition of Polish territory, the area was annexed by Russia as the Minsk Region  During the collapse of the Russian Empire due to the Civil War, the western part was annexed to Poland in 1921, while the east became Soviet Belarus 
The Minsk region was established on 15 January 1938, based on the amendment of the Constitutional Law of the USSR  As of 20 February 1938, the area included 20 districts   Following the Soviet invasion of Poland on September 17, 1939, the former Eastern lands of the Second Polish Republic were annexed in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact partitioning Poland and added to the Minsk Region 
On 20 September 1944, by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Gressky, Kopyl, Krasnoslobodski, Luban, Slutsky, Starobin, Starodorozhski districts and the city of Sluck were removed from the Minsk region and transferred to the newly formed Bobruisk Region 
On 8 January 1954, by the decree of the USSR Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, the Nesvizhski and Stolbtsovsky districts from the abolished Baranovichi Region, as well as the Glusk, Gressky, Kopyl, Krasnoslobodski, Luban, Slutsky, Starobin, Starodorozhski districts and the city of Sluck from the abolished Bobruisk Region, were added to the Minsk Region 
In 1960, following the abolition of Molodechno Region, its southern part became the northern part of the Minsk Region 

Tourism
The number of travel agencies in Minsk Region grew from twelve in 2000 to seventy in 2010  The most popular tourist destinations of the region are Zaslavskoye Lake, the Zhdanovichi area which has health resorts, Nesvizh Palace and its surroundings, as well as the alpine ski resorts of Logoysk and Silichi 

Administrative subdivisions
The Minsk Region comprises 22 districts (raions), 307 selsovets, 22 cities, 8 city municipalities, and 20 urban-type settlements 

Districts of Minsk Region
Cities and towns
Population of cities and towns in Minsk Region

Demographics
See also
Administrative divisions of Belarus
Villages in Minsk Region
Passage 13:
Zhu Qinan
Zhu Qinan (simplified Chinese: 朱启南; traditional Chinese: 朱啟南; pinyin: Zhū Qǐnán; born November 15, 1984, in Wenzhou, Zhejiang) is a male Chinese sport shooter  He won the gold medal at the 2004 Athens Olympics in the Men's 10 m Air Rifle event and a silver medal at the 2008 Beijing Olympics in the Men's 10 m Air Rifle event  Zhu currently is studying at Zhejiang University Zhu began shooting training at Wenzhou Sports School in 1999  From there, in February 2002, he joined the Zhejiang province shooting team  Zhu joined the national shooting team on December 14, 2003  At the time of his Olympic victory, he was still a junior, and his qualification round score of 599 was an equalled junior world record  He repeated this achievement at the 2004 ISSF World Cup Final in Bangkok, which he also won  He has since then won several ISSF World Cup competitions in 10 m Air Rifle 
On September 22, 2011, Zhu shot a perfect 600 in the qualification round  He scored 103 8 in the final round making a total score of 703 8 to gain the 10 m Air Rifle final world record 
His best result in 50 m Rifle is a bronze medal from the 2004 Asian Championships  Zhu is 5'11" tall and weighs 148 pounds  At the 51st ISSF World Championship held in Granada, Spain, Zhu got gold medal in 50m Rifle 3 Positions 

World record
Context 3:  She asks him if he is Barney Gorman and if she could take a picture with him  Barney is caught off guard when the woman kisses him as the photo is being taken  She says thanks while giving him an alluring smile as she walks away 
Barney's mood goes from bad to worse and he is suspended from the team  He misses a date with his wife (Jessica Tuck), who then sees the picture of him kissing the blonde woman in the newspaper  When Barney arrives at home, he finds that his wife has kicked him out as well, leaving his suitcase outside the door with the photo from the newspaper 
After some soul-searching, Barney comes to his senses and apologizes to his wife, son, father, and his teammates  The Eagles let him back on the team, just in time for the final game of the season  Barney is given a chance to redeem himself as the game again comes down to a last-second field goal  The holder fumbles the snap, and Barney grabs it and scores the game-winning touchdown  At the end-of-season press conference, Barney remembers his roots as a garbageman and points out that garbagemen are deserving of respect, too, as they work hard to keep the city clean 

Cast
Tony Danza as Barney Gorman
Jessica Tuck as Marie Gorman, Barney's wife
Art LaFleur as Gus Rogenheimer
Jaime Cardriche as Bubba
Al Ruscio as Mr  Gorman, Barney's father
Ray Wise as Randolph Pratt
Julie Stewart as Eagles Recruiter
Gil Filar as Danny Gorman, Barney & Marie's sonThe cast also included many well known figures in the world of professional football playing minor roles or making cameo appearances  Jeffrey Lurie, the owner of the Philadelphia Eagles played Barney's friend who was seen at the cafe and had the line "This new Eagles owner must be a good guy "  The kicking stand-in for Tony Danza was Mike Vanderjagt, a Canadian football player and professional placekicker  The movie also featured sportscaster Chris Berman and NFL footage with Troy Aikman of the Dallas Cowboys 

Production
Most of the movie was actually filmed in Toronto, Ontario  Other filming locations for the movie included Hollywood, California and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 

See also
List of American football films
Passage 6:
Saturday Breakfast
Saturday Breakfast was a New Zealand morning news and talkshow based on Breakfast, that aired on Saturday mornings from 7-9 am from 3 September 2011 until 15 December 2012 on TV One 

Presenters
Anchors
Tāmati Coffey and Nadine Chalmers-Ross (2012)
Tāmati Coffey and Toni Street (2012)
Rawdon Christie and Toni Street (2011-2012)

Show format
10 minutes of news, sport and weather is presented every half hour between 7:00 and 8:30  News is presented by Brooke Dobson  Weather, presented by Sam Wallace is presented from a location around the country, usually where an event is happening 
The show has interviews with newsmakers and/or TVNZ reporters  The rest of the show has entertainment/light-hearted/special interest segments presented by Toni Street and Tāmati Coffey 
The show was cancelled by TVNZ due to its lack of commercial sustainability, caused by the withdrawal of key sponsor Lotteries New Zealand  The last show was broadcast on 15 December 2012  This coincided with host Tāmati leaving TVNZ to go overseas, and Weather reporter Sam Wallace being elevated to the Weekday Breakfast weather reporter upon Tāmati's departure  Nadine will remain as Business host on the weekday show as will newsreader, Brooke Dobson, in her primary role as Auckland reporter 
Passage 7:
Tiffany Blue
Tiffany Blue is the colloquial name for the light medium robin egg blue color associated with Tiffany & Co , the New York City jewelry company created by Charles Tiffany and John Young in 1837  The color was used on the cover of Tiffany's Blue Book, first published in 1845   Since then, Tiffany & Co  has used the color extensively on promotional materials like boxes and bags 
Since 1998, the Tiffany Blue color has been registered as a color trademark by Tiffany & Co  It is produced as a private custom color by Pantone, with PMS number 1837, the number deriving from the year of Tiffany's foundation 

See also
Lists of colors
Passage 8:
Daybreak Northern Ireland
Daybreak Northern Ireland (previously GMTV Northern Ireland) is the regional news strand for Northern Ireland provided for the ITV breakfast station ITV Breakfast 
Unlike the ITV plc-owned  regions, UTV - the ITV contractor for Northern Ireland - did not provide regional news broadcasts during Daybreak (previously GMTV)  This was due to a dispute between UTV and GMTV which dates back to 1994 when UTV opted out of the national breakfast contractor in breach of their broadcasting licence to provide live coverage of the breaking news of the Combined Loyalist ceasefire 
GMTV Northern Ireland was rebranded as Daybreak Northern Ireland in September 2010, when GMTV was replaced by new breakfast programme, Daybreak  Regional bulletins aired three times each weekday, and included a look at the days main headlines, a travel news update, and a weather forecast 

Service
In January 1995, GMTV contracted the service out to Reuters, who then provided the GMTV national news service  The service was produced by ITN from March 2000  Macmillan Media, a company founded by former ITN and BBC correspondent Michael Macmillan, won the contract to provide news bulletins in 2005 
Macmillan Media took over from STV as the regional breakfast news provider in the Central Scotland and Northern Scotland regions in 2007 The Daybreak Northern Ireland service by Macmillan Media ended on Friday 21 December 2012, with UTV resuming production of the breakfast news opt-outs from January 2013 onwards 

The team
Sonia Butterworth (Now with U105)
Richard Cull
Lynda Fulford
Lindsey Armstrong (now freelancing with UTV after working at BBC Northern Ireland)
Vicki Hawthorne (now freelance, appears on Sky News)
Emma Johnston
Aideen Kennedy (now with UTV)
Barbara McCann (now with BBC Northern Ireland)
Siobhan McGarry
Maura O'Brien
Kirsteen O'Sullivan (Now with TV3)
Charlie Oundo
Paul Reilly (now with UTV)
Nicola Thompson (now with BBC)
Jane Veitch
Patricia Wilkinson (now with BBC Northern Ireland)
Adrian Horsman (now with Christian Aid Ireland)
Passage 9:
Stein Endresen
Stein Endresen (born 4 October 1959) is a Norwegian show jumping competitor At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Endresen originally won the bronze medal as part of the Norwegian team in team jumping, together with Morten Djupvik, Geir Gulliksen, and Tony Andre Hansen  However the Norwegian team lost its bronze medal and finished tenth following the disqualification of Tony Andre Hansen 
Passage 10:
Breakfast Creek
The Breakfast Creek (Aboriginal: Barrambin) is a small urban stream that is a tributary of the Brisbane River, located in suburban Brisbane in the South East region of Queensland, Australia 

Course and features
Rising as the Enoggera Creek that drains the D'Aguilar Range in the D'Aguilar National Park, Breakfast Creek forms near Herston where it flows a short meandering course of 2 kilometres (1 2 mi) before reaching its confluence with the Brisbane River at Newstead, next to Newstead Park   Travelling up the Brisbane River the creek is the first to join the river on its northern banks 
The heritage-listed Breakfast Creek Hotel is located near the confluence with the Brisbane River and is known for serving XXXX beer exclusively from wooden barrels   Also here the Breakfast Creek Green Bridge is under construction 
The shorter race in the annual Bridge to Brisbane fun run starts at the Breakfast Creek bridge 

History
John Oxley and Allan Cunningham met members of an Aboriginal clan at the mouth of the creek in 1824  After they had breakfast at the site minor conflict with the clan arose after one of them grabbed Oxley's hat  Oxley named the waterway in remembrance of the incident An important Aboriginal camping ground occupied the Breakfast Creek / Hamilton area until it was broken up by police raids in the 1860s  The camp was one of the major sources from which local Aboriginal people supplied the Moreton Bay colony with fish  It was also where Aboriginal leader Dalaipi spoke his famous "Indictments" which were published in the Moreton Bay Courier in 1858 One of the white first settlers on the creek was Patrick Leslie who in 1845 built the still-standing Newstead House  Brisbane's Cantonese community, who had established businesses in Fortitude Valley and built the Temple of the Holy Triad in 1886, settled in the flats around Breakfast Creek and Eagle Farm  During dry times in the early colony of Moreton Bay, when water from the Roma Street reservoir was depleted, supplies were carted from Breakfast Creek Various streets close to Breakfast Creek were affected by Brisbane floods in 1893, 1974 and in 2011 

Bridges
A number of floods destroyed early bridges across the creek  The first permanent bridge was built in 1858 using ironbark  As the timber of the bridge eroded, a second metal bridge was built in 1889  As traffic levels over the bridge increased, it became necessary to build a third larger concrete bridge in 1958, which stands to this day (2017) Remnants of the second bridge can still be seen and are listed on the Brisbane Heritage Register A new rail bridge as part of Cross River Rail is due for operation by 2025 

Gallery
See also
List of rivers of Australia § Queensland
Passage 11:
Newstead House, Brisbane
Newstead House is Brisbane's oldest surviving residence and is located on the Breakfast Creek bank of the Brisbane River, in the northern Brisbane suburb of Newstead, in Queensland, Australia  Built as a small cottage in the Colonial-Georgian style in 1846, the cottage was extended and today is painted and furnished in a late Victorian style Newstead House is the oldest surviving home in Brisbane, but not the oldest surviving building, built in 1846, for Patrick Leslie and his wife Catherine (née McArthur)  In 1847 he sold Newstead House to his brother-in-law John Clements Wickham (married to Anna McArthur), the Police Magistrate and Government Resident Newstead House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 1992 

History
Newstead House is said to have taken its name from Newstead Abbey, Nottinghamshire, England, a former Augustinian priory which became the Byron family home The property was referred to as Newstead until it left the possession of J C  Wickham in 1859 after which it became known as Newstead House Newstead House was built as a residence by Brisbane's first architect and builder Andrew Petrie for fellow Scottish settler Patrick Leslie; it was soon acquired by Captain John Wickham  Then it was leased to Attorney-General Ratcliffe Pring  It was later leased, then sold, then leased again to merchant and Member of the Queensland Legislative Council George Harris  George Harris and his wife Jane (née Thorn) lived in the house for 27 years A prominent Jewish businessman named Lewis Flegeltaub with his large family was in residence at Newstead House from 1891 to 1894; the family previously lived at Palma Rosa, another Brisbane heritage-listed mansion nearby The Lysaght Brothers bought the property in March 1898 with the intention to demolish the house and build a factory that produced iron and rabbit-proof wire fencing  These plans to establish a factory at the property were abandoned due to the downturn in the agricultural sector It was purchased by the Brisbane City Council in 1918 and was the residence of the superintendent of their council parks  The Council leased part of the property to the Historical Society of Queensland in 1934 and it was used to store historical records  In 1939, the Queensland Parliament created a Trust and ownership was transferred to the Newstead House Trust 
The building was occupied by American troops during World War II  There is an Australian–American War Memorial in the grounds in memory of this  It was dedicated on 3 May 1952 by the Queensland Governor, Sir John Lavarack Other than the war-time occupation it was operated as a museum and research library by the Historical Society of Queensland (now known as the Royal Historical Society of Queensland) until 1973 when they moved to the Commissariat Store Newstead House is now a museum  It is open to the public, and concerts are sometimes held at the house and grounds  
Newstead House is now maintained by the Newstead House Board of Trustees assisted the Friends of Newstead, a volunteer group who also organise various events to attract visitors  Newstead Park is still managed and maintained by the Brisbane City Council 

Heritage listing
Newstead House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 1992 

Newstead Park
Newstead Park is a significant historic park The land originally formed a part of the land purchased by Patrick Leslie in 1845 on which he built Newstead House In the 1920s, the Brisbane City Council constructed an electrical substation for its tramway system in the grounds of the House  Since the closure of the tram system in 1969 the substation was purchased by the Newstead House Board of Trustees and has been used as a Resource Centre and offices for management staff 
In May each year, the park is host to the commemoration of the Battle of the Coral Sea  The Australian-American monument in the park is dedicated to the United States service men and women for helping in the defence of Australia during World War II A playspace featuring an "Alice through the Looking Glass" theme has been developed by the Brisbane City Council is located on the southern side of the park, near Newstead Avenue 

See also
Old Government House
Passage 12:
Tiffany Stiegler
Tiffany Stiegler (born January 14, 1984) is an American figure skater who competed in both pair skating and ice dancing  Competing in pairs with her brother Johnnie Stiegler, she won the bronze medal at the 1998 Sparkassen Cup on Ice and placed fourth at the 1999 World Junior Championships 

Personal life
Tiffany Stiegler was born on January 14, 1984, in Santa Monica, California  She is the sister of Stephanie and Johnnie, both of whom also competed in figure skating 
She married Joseph ("Woody") Woodrow Stahl on June 28, 2014 

Career
Tiffany Stiegler's first partner was her brother Johnnie, with whom she competed until 2003  They are the 1998 and 1999 U S  pewter medalists and the 1997 junior national champions  They were coached by Irina Rodnina and Alexander Zaitsev in El Segundo, California  They represented the Los Angeles Figure Skating Club In the 2003–04 season, Stiegler skated with Bert Cording  They placed 9th at the 2004 U S  Championships 
In the 2004–05 season, Stiegler began competing in ice dancing with Sergei Magerovski  They won the pewter medal at the 2005 U S  Championships  They were coached by Igor Sphilband and Marina Zueva in Canton, Michigan Stiegler became a co-coach with her sister at the Toyota center in El Segundo, California 

Programs
With Magerovski
With Stiegler
Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Series / Junior Grand Prix)

Pair skating with Stiegler
Pair skating with Cording
Ice dancing with Magerovski
Passage 13:
Andy Blankenbuehler
Andy Blankenbuehler (born March 7, 1970) is an American dancer, choreographer and director primarily for stage and concerts  He has been nominated for the Tony Award for Best Choreography five times, and has won three times: for In the Heights (2008), Hamilton (2016), and Bandstand (2017)  Blankenbuehler's other Broadway choreography work includes 9 to 5, Bring it On: The Musical, and the 2016 Cats revival  Blankenbuehler was awarded the Kennedy Center Honor in 2018 for his work on Hamilton  He also choreographed the movie adaptation of Cats  Most recently he choreographed, directed and co-wrote Only Gold - a new musical with Music by Kate Nash at MCC Theater 

Life and career
Blankenbuehler was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and is a 1988 graduate of St  Xavier High School and 1984 graduate of Nativity School in Cincinnati  He received his bachelor's degree from Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas 
As a performer, he has appeared on Broadway in many musicals, from Guys and Dolls (1992–1995) to Fosse (1999–2001) His Broadway work as a choreographer includes the musicals In the Heights (2007–08) and 9 to 5 (2008–09)  He won the Tony Award and Drama Desk Award for his choreography for In the Heights   Other New York work includes choreography for the "Broadway By The Year:1930, 1938 and 1978" series, and the City Center Encores! productions of The Apple Tree (2006) and The Wiz (2009)  He is the director and choreographer of Bring It On: The Musical, written by Jeff Whitty, with music by Lin-Manuel Miranda and Tom Kitt and lyrics by Lin-Manuel Miranda and Amanda Green, which premiered at the Alliance Theatre, Atlanta, Georgia, on January 16, 2011  This production also performed at the Ahmanson Theater in Los Angeles where Blankenbuehler won the 2011 L A  Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Choreography 
Additionally, Blankenbuehler choreographed the Frank Wildhorn world premiere production of Waiting for the Moon  The show featured 6 full-length dance sequences, including one that lasted over 10 minutes



ground_truth: Yongjia County

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What did the singer of "Moon River" in the movie Breakfast at Tiffany win a Tony for?

The following are given passages.
Context 3:  He was nominated for a Barrymore Award for Choreographing the show 
Blankenbuehler has choreographed for Bette Midler and directed, choreographed, and co-conceived the production "Nights On Broadway" at Caesars Palace 
Blankenbuehler appears briefly in the 2008 documentary Every Little Step about the 2006 Broadway revival of A Chorus Line, with his Polaroid shown as one of the people being cut from a callback for the show 
He choreographed the 2012 Broadway revival of Annie  He is the choreographer for the musical Hamilton (2015), both Off-Broadway and on Broadway  He received a special 2015 Drama Desk Award for Hamilton   The award was described: "For his inspired and heart-stopping choreography in Hamilton, which is indispensable to the musical's storytelling  His body of work is versatile, yet a dynamic and fluid style is consistently evident  When it's time to 'take his shot,' Blankenbuehler hits the bull's-eye "  His choreography for Hamilton won the Tony Award for Best Choreography in 2016 
He both directed and choreographed a new musical, Bandstand, which premiered at the Paper Mill Playhouse (New Jersey) in October 2015  The music is by Richard Oberacker and book and lyrics by Robert Taylor and Oberacker  He directed and choreographed a developmental lab of this musical in August and September 2014, then titled Bandstand: A Musical In 2016, Blankenbuehler choreographed the revival of the movie Dirty Dancing starring Abigail Breslin and Shane Harper  He also choreographed the revival of the Broadway musical Cats with previews beginning July 14 and an August 2 opening 

Awards and nominations
Passage 14:
Moon River
"Moon River" is a song composed by Henry Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer  It was originally performed by Audrey Hepburn in the 1961 movie Breakfast at Tiffany's, winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song  The song also won the 1962 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year The song has been recorded by many other artists  It became the theme song for Andy Williams, who first recorded it in 1962 (and performed it at the Academy Awards ceremony that year)  He sang the first eight bars of the song at the beginning of each episode of his eponymous television show and named his production company and venue in Branson, Missouri, after it; his autobiography is called "Moon River" and Me  Williams' version was never released as a single, but it charted as an LP track that he recorded for Columbia on a hit album of 1962, Moon River and Other Great Movie Themes  In 2022, Williams' rendition of the song was selected for preservation in the Library of Congress The song's success was responsible for relaunching Mercer's career as a songwriter, which had stalled in the mid-1950s because rock and roll had replaced jazz standards as the popular music of the time  The song's popularity is such that it has been used as a test sample in a study on people's memories of popular songs  Comments about the lyrics have noted that they are particularly reminiscent of Mercer's youth in the southern United States and his longing to expand his horizons  Robert Wright wrote in The Atlantic Monthly, "This is a love sung [sic] to wanderlust  Or a romantic song in which the romantic partner is the idea of romance " An inlet near Savannah, Georgia, Johnny Mercer's hometown, was named Moon River in honor of him and this song 

Versions
Original
Mercer and Mancini wrote the song for Audrey Hepburn to sing in the film Breakfast at Tiffany's  The lyrics, written by Mercer, are reminiscent of his childhood in Savannah, Georgia, including its waterways  As a child, he had picked huckleberries in summer, and he connected them with a carefree childhood and Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn  Although an instrumental version is played over the film's opening titles, the lyrics are first heard in a scene where Paul "Fred" Varjak (George Peppard) discovers Holly Golightly (Hepburn) singing the song, accompanying herself on the guitar while sitting on the fire escape outside their apartments There was an eruption of behind-the-scenes consternation when a Paramount Pictures executive, Martin Rackin, suggested removing the song from the film after a tepid Los Angeles preview  Hepburn's reaction was described by Mancini and others in degrees varying from her saying, "Over my dead body!" to her using more colorful language to make the same point An album version was recorded by Mancini and his orchestra and chorus (without Hepburn's vocal) on December 8, 1960  It was released as a single in 1961 and became a number 11 hit in December of that year  Due to unpublished charts in Billboard, Joel Whitburn's Top Adult (Contemporary) Songs variously reported the song as a number 3 or number 1 easy listening hit  Mancini's original version was also featured in the film Born on the Fourth of July (1989)  In 1993, following Hepburn's death, her version was released on an album titled Music from the Films of Audrey Hepburn  In 2004, Hepburn's version finished at number 4 on AFI's 100 Years   100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema 

Early recordings
"Moon River" was a hit single for Jerry Butler in late 1961  Released simultaneously with Mancini's, it reached number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and number 3 Easy Listening in December, two weeks before Mancini's recording reached the same chart ranking  British singer Danny Williams had a hit version of the song that reached number one in the UK in the final week of 1961  Although Andy Williams never released the song as a single, his LP Moon River and Other Great Movie Themes (1962), was certified gold in 1963 for selling one million units  The album reached number 3 on the Billboard Top 200, eventually selling more than two million copies by 1967  In 2002, a 74-year-old Andy Williams sang the song at the conclusion of the live NBC special telecast celebrating the network's 75th anniversary In 2022, Andy Williams' recording of the song was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Recording Registry 

Chart history
Henry Mancini & OrchestraJerry ButlerDanny Williams

Later versions
Hundreds of versions of the song have been recorded and it has been featured in many media  Mercer recorded the song in 1974 for his album My Huckleberry Friend  In 2007, saxophonist Dave Koz recorded a version from his standards music album, At the Movies, sung by Barry Manilow  In 2013, Neil Finn and Paul Kelly performed the song on their Goin' Your Way Tour, during which their performance at the Sydney Opera House Concert Hall was recorded for the live album, Goin' Your Way, released the same year  The title of the album comes from a phrase in the song's chorus: "Wherever you're goin', I'm goin' your way"  Lawrence Welk's 1961 instrumental version was featured in Mad Men season 6, episode 13, "In Care Of" (2013)  A version of the song was featured in Asif Kapadia's documentary film, Amy (2015), about Amy Winehouse  Winehouse's version, sung at age 16 with the National Youth Jazz Orchestra in 2000, is the opening song in the film The Telegraph listed, among prominent covers of the song, those by Frank Sinatra, Judy Garland, Sarah Vaughan, Louis Armstrong, Sarah Brightman and Chevy Chase (in the comedy film Fletch)  Other stars who have covered the song include Rod Stewart in Fly Me to the Moon    The Great American Songbook Volume V (2010), which charted at No  4 on the Billboard 200, Barbra Streisand in The Movie Album (2003), a Grammy-nominated gold album, and Frank Ocean, who released a cover on Valentine's Day 2018 that debuted in the Top 10 of the Billboard Hot R&B chart  Diffuser fm named these the "Top 5 Alt-Rock" versions of the song: Morrissey, Glasvegas, R E M , The Killers and Josh Ritter  Jacob Collier's a capella cover won the 2020 Grammy Award for Best Arrangement, Instrumental or A Cappella 

See also
"Charade" (1963 song)
The Sweetheart Tree
"Days of Wine and Roses" (song)
Moon River radio program
List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 1960s
Passage 15:
Some Enchanted Evening
"Some Enchanted Evening" is a show tune from the 1949 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical South Pacific   It has been described as "the single biggest popular hit to come out of any Rodgers and Hammerstein show " Andrew Lloyd Webber describes it as the "greatest song ever written for a musical" The song is a three-verse solo for the leading male character, Emile, in which he describes first seeing a stranger, knowing that he will see her again, and dreaming of her laughter  He sings that when you find your "true love", you must "fly to her side, and make her your own, / Or all through your life you may dream all alone "

In South Pacific
The song appears in the first act of the musical  It is sung as a solo by the show's male lead, Emile de Becque, a middle-aged French expatriate who has become a plantation owner on a South Pacific island during World War II   Emile falls in love with Ensign Nellie Forbush, an optimistic and naive young American navy nurse from Little Rock, Arkansas   The two have known each other for only a few weeks, and each worries that the other may not return his or her love   In the song, Emile expresses his romantic feelings for Nellie, recalling how they met at an officers' club dance and instantly were attracted to each other   He describes a man seeing a stranger and instantly knowing he will see her again, hearing her laughter and dreaming of it  He says that when you find your "true love", you must "fly to her side, and make her your own"; otherwise, all your life you will "dream all alone"   He later asks her to marry him  The song is then reprised several times during the show by Nellie and/or Emile as their relationship experiences setbacks and reconciliations 
In the original Broadway production, "Some Enchanted Evening" was sung by former Metropolitan Opera star Ezio Pinza  Pinza won the Tony Award for Best Actor in 1950 for this role, and the song made him a favorite with audiences and listeners who normally did not attend or listen to opera  In the 2001 London revival of the show, Philip Quast won an Olivier Award for Best Actor for his role as Emile, and seven years later, international opera singer Paulo Szot won a Tony for his portrayal in the 2008 New York revival In the film version of South Pacific, the first and second scenes of the play are switched around   Because of the switch, Emile enters later in the film, and "Some Enchanted Evening" is not heard until nearly 45 minutes into the film, while in the original stage version it is heard about 15 minutes after Act I begins  In the film, the song is sung by Metropolitan Opera bass Giorgio Tozzi, who dubbed the singing for actor Rossano Brazzi  Tozzi's version finished at No  28 on the 2004 American Film Institute list and television special, AFI's 100 Years   100 Songs, selecting the top 100 songs in American cinema 

Analysis
According to Popular Music in America, the song's "lush orchestration, expansive form, and above all its soaring melody" allow the singer and character (Emile) to "linger in the moment" of immediate infatuation  Gerald Mast's history of the American musical notes that the song is a climactic moment which reveals that two characters have fallen in love, and it expresses a seize-the-opportunity lyric: "When you find your true love     Then fly to her side / And make her your own"   According to the running commentary on the 2006 Fox DVD release of the 1958 film version of South Pacific, Lehman Engel remembered that Oscar Hammerstein II wanted to write a song based around verbs but waited ten years to do so before he wrote this song, in which the verses are built around the verbs "see", "hear" and "fly" 

Selected recorded versions
Many popular singers have recorded and performed "Some Enchanted Evening"   Perry Como's version was a #1 hit in 1949, and Frank Sinatra recorded the song several times 

Ezio Pinza (recorded April 18, 1949, Original Broadway cast recording of South Pacific)  His single version reached No  7 in the Billboard charts in 1949 
Perry Como (1949)  His single reached No  1 in 1949
Frank Sinatra (1949), (1963, including a duet with Rosemary Clooney), (1967)  The 1949 version reached the No  6 position in the Billboard charts 
Bing Crosby (1949), recorded March 10, 1949 and reached No  3 in the Billboard charts during a 20-week stay 
Jo Stafford - Autumn in New York  (1950)  Her single version reached No  4 in the Billboard charts in 1949 
Giorgio Tozzi (1958 for the film soundtrack; 1967 for the Lincoln Center revival cast recording with Florence Henderson)
Andy Williams (from the 1958 album Andy Williams Sings Rodgers and Hammerstein)
Jay & The Americans (1965)  The Group's single version reached No  13 on the Hot 100, Billboard charts in 1965 
José Carreras (1986) for a studio cast recording of South Pacific with Kiri Te Kanawa, Mandy Patinkin and Sarah Vaughan
Willie Nelson included the song on his 1988 album, What a Wonderful World
Barbra Streisand (from her No  1 1993 album Back to Broadway)
The Temptations (1995, For Lovers Only)
Bryn Terfel  – Something Wonderful: Bryn Terfel Sings Rodgers and Hammerstein (1996)
Philip Quast for the 2002 London revival cast recording of South Pacific
Art Garfunkel (from his 2007 album Some Enchanted Evening)
Paulo Szot – South Pacific (The New Broadway Cast) (2008)
Bob Dylan (from his No 1 2015 album Shadows in the Night)

In popular culture
The song's title has been used as the name for albums, such as one by Blue Öyster Cult, one by Art Garfunkel and a cast album and PBS special of the revue "Some Enchanted Evening" – The Songs of Rodgers & Hammerstein  It was used as the name for television episodes in such TV series as The Simpsons, Last of the Summer Wine, Man About the House, and Bless This House The song has been sung in films and on TV shows, for example by Harrison Ford in the film American Graffiti (1978 reissue), by an itinerant chanteuse in Crossing Delancey (1988), by Jon Bon Jovi on Ally McBeal in the episode "Homecoming" (2002) and by Bert in episode 102 on The Muppet Show (1977) to Connie Stevens  In April 2023, the song featured in the BBC Radio 4 series Soul Music 

Notes
Passage 16:
Tiffany Lam
Tiffany Lam or Tiffany Lam Man Lei (Chinese: 林敏俐, born 25 October 1980) is a former beauty queen from San Francisco  She held the title of Miss Hong Kong 2002 and Miss Chinese International 2003 runner up 

Early life
Lam was born in Hong Kong in 1980  During her childhood, she immigrated to San Francisco, California, where she studied for many years  Lam later attended the University of California, Davis  She is a member of Sigma Omicron Pi sorority, Delta Chapter  She then returned to Hong Kong to compete in the Miss Hong Kong 2002 pageant  Her younger cousin, Sandy Lau, won the 2009 Miss Hong Kong 

Miss Hong Kong 2002
She was chosen out of many delegates from USA and Canada to go back to Hong Kong to compete  She made the top 12 of the Miss Hong Kong 2002 pageant in early July  Three weeks later, she competed and won the Miss Hong Kong pageant final on its 30th anniversary, also winning two side awards, "Miss International Goodwill" and "Miss Modern Style" 

Miss Chinese International 2003
After winning the Miss Hong Kong title, Lam became an ambassador for Hong Kong, representing Hong Kong at the Miss Chinese International Pageant 2003 in January 2003, where she finished second behind Rachel Tan of Kuala Lumpur 

Post-pageant
Lam subsequently starred in two TVB dramas, Net Deception and Not Just A Pretty Face  Her 1st runner up and friend, Victoria Jolly, also appeared in Not Just A Pretty Face  After she crowned her successor, Mandy Cho Man Li, Lam returned to San Francisco to continue her studies  She returned to Hong Kong to crown the 1st runner up of the Miss Chinese International Pageant 2004 
As of 2007, Lam works for her family restaurant business in the San Francisco Bay Area 

Awards
Miss Hong Kong 2002: Winner, Miss International Goodwill, and Miss Modern Style 
Miss Chinese International 2003: 1st runner up 

TVB Dramas
Net Deception (2002)
Not Just A Pretty Face (2003)



ground_truth: for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine

leading role

star

leading actress

lead