prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the record label of the Metalworks Studio founder?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
TML Entertainment
TML Entertainment is a record label launched by Canadian rock band Triumph in 2003  It is managed by Triumph's members Gil Moore and Mike Levine 
The label was previously known as TRC from 1995 until 2003  The decision for Triumph to launch their own label came after the band's 10 year/5-album contract with MCA Records expired at the end of 1994  Subsequently, all of Triumph's albums were re-released on the TRC imprint using the 1980s remasters  Then in 2003, TRC changed its name to TML Entertainment with the release of Triumph's live album and DVD Live at the US Festival  Over the last few years, TML has re-released the whole catalog with new remastered versions done in 2004/2005 and the concert DVD A Night with Triumph  Universal Music Group distributes the band's label in Canada and ADA (a small subsidiary of the Warner Music Group) in the US 
Passage 2:
Horse with a Heart
Horse with a Heart is the first studio album by Altan, released in May 1989 on the Green Linnet Records label 

Track listing
All titles arranged by Altan 

"The Curlew/McDermott's/Three Scones of Boxty/Unnamed Reel {= McConnell's}" – 4:11
"The Lass of Glenshee" – 4:38
"Con Cassidy's & Neil Gow's Highlands/Moll and Tiarna/Mcsweeney's Reels" – 4:27
"The Road to Durham" – 3:21
"An t-Oileán Úr" – 2:33
"An Grianán/Horse With a Heart" – 3:01
"A Bhean Udaí Thall" – 3:28
"Welcome Home Gráinne/Con McGinley's" – 3:18
"Tuirse Mo Chroí" – 4:06
"Come Ye by Atholl/Kitty O'Connor" – 3:11
"An Feochán" – 4:45
"Paddy's Trip to Scotland/Dinky's/The Shetland Fiddler" – 4:47All titles are traditional, except the following:

"An Grianán" and "Horse with a Heart" – composed by Frankie Kennedy
"The Curlew" – composed by Josephine Keegan
"McDermott's" – composed by Josie McDermott
"An Feochán" – composed by Tommy Peoples
"The Road to Durham" – composed by Armin Barnett and David MolkSee tune identifications for this album at irishtune info 

Personnel
Altan
Mairéad Ní Mhaonaigh – Fiddle, Vocals
Frankie Kennedy – Flute
Paul O'Shaughnessy — Fiddle
Ciarán Curran – Bouzouki
Mark Kelly – Guitar

Guest musicians
Marie Askin – Piano on "The Lass of Glenshee"
Phil Cunningham – Keyboard, Whistle
Dónal Lunny – Bass Bodhrán on "A Bhean Udaí Thall"
Colm Murphy – Bodhrán
Steve White – Percussion on "A Bhean Udaí Thall"

Production
Phil Cunningham – Producer
Dan Fitzgerald – Engineer
John W  Davis – Assistant Engineer
Stephen Byram – Design
Ross Wilson – Artwork
Dave Harrold - Back cover photograph
Passage 3:
EmArcy Records
EmArcy Records is a jazz record label founded in 1954 by the American Mercury Records  The name is a phonetic spelling of "MRC", the initials for Mercury Record Company During the 1950s and 1960s, musicians such as Max Roach, Clifford Brown, Cannonball Adderley, Dinah Washington, and Sarah Vaughan recorded for EmArcy Today, it is a European jazz label owned by Universal Music Group  The catalogue is managed by the Island Records subsidiary 

Discography
Mono 12" LP series (1954–c  1958)
Passage 4:
Biltmore Records
Biltmore Records was a United States based record label active from 1949 through 1951  The label was headquartered in New York City  Biltmore Records were often reissues of recordings no longer in the catalogues of other labels  When RCA Victor found out that Biltmore were making unauthorized reissues of material originally recorded by Victor, they sued Biltmore, putting Biltmore out of business 
They rereleased recordings by Glenn Miller and His Orchestra recorded for Columbia and Brunswick, Benny Goodman, the Original Dixieland Jazz Band, Duke Ellington, Bix Beiderbecke, and Paul Whiteman 

External links
Biltmore Numerical Listing: http://www 78discography com/Biltmore htm

See also
List of record labels
Passage 5:
Graeme Goodall
Graeme Goodall (1932 – 3 December 2014) was an Australian recording engineer and record label owner who was a key figure in the early days of Jamaica's recording industry, constructing several of the Island's studios, co-founding Island Records, and operating other labels in the United Kingdom releasing Jamaican music 

Career
Born in 1932, Graeme Goodall grew up in Caulfield, Victoria, and studied at Caulfield North Central School and Scotch College  In the early 1950s he worked at Melbourne radio station 3UZ briefly before studying television in London and training as an engineer with the International Broadcasting Company He became involved in the independent record industry and travelled to Jamaica in 1954 to set up the first FM radio network in Kingston — Radio Jamaica Rediffusion  He went on to work as chief engineer of the Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation He began recording local musicians at the Radio Jamaica studios, and went on to build Federal Records, Jamaica's first recording studio (which was rebuilt in 1961 and later became Tuff Gong Recording Studio) with local entrepreneur Ken Khouri to the rear of Khouri's furniture store on King Street  Goodall worked as a recording engineer for Ken Khouri on some of the earliest Jamaican studio recordings  The studio not only provided the Island's first recording facility but also produced acetate discs, allowing sound system operators to record tracks and have them available to play within hours Known to the local musicians as "Mr  Goody", Goddall went on to assist with the construction of several studios, including Dynamic Sound, Studio One and later Channel One Studios, and carry out engineering work for producers such as Clement "Coxsone" Dodd, Byron Lee, and Leslie Kong, engineering recordings by Laurel Aitken ("Boogie in My Bones") Millie ("My Boy Lollipop"), The Wailers, Prince Buster, The Skatalites, Derrick Morgan, and Desmond Dekker, among many others  He also trained Jamaican engineers such as Sylvan Morris and Lynford Anderson In 1959 he co-founded Island Records with Chris Blackwell and Kong, but his relationship with Blackwell broke down and he went on to start his own labels after relocating to the UK in 1965, the most successful of which were Doctor Bird and Pyramid  After Dekker's "Poor Me, Israelites" proved popular in clubs but failed to get much airplay due to its production, Goodall got Kong to send him the master tapes; he remixed it and released it in the UK in 1969 on Pyramid as "Israelites", the single going on to top the UK Singles Chart and sell over two million copies  He also ran West Indies Records and set up the Trojan Records subsidiary Attack Records Goodall married his Jamaican wife Fay in 1961 and in the early 1970s they moved to the US  Goodall later worked as Southern Regional Manager for Sony Pro Audio Graeme Goodall died at his home in Atlanta, Georgia on 3 December 2014 from natural causes, aged 82  He was survived by his wife, two children, and four grandchildren 
Passage 6:
Exit 13
Exit 13 is the thirteenth studio album by American rapper LL Cool J  It was released on September 9, 2008, on the record label Def Jam Recordings  This would be his last album release with the label 

Production
This album is the first LL Cool J album since G O A T  to have the parental advisory label for explicit lyrics   LL said in an interview with Chicago radio personality DJ Z that the vulgarities are not heavy and the edited version has alternate lyrics rather than simply omitting the vulgarities  LL and DJ Kayslay teamed up to release his first mixtape as a prelude to Exit 13 titled  The Return of the G O A T  
Other contributors for this album include 50 Cent, Sheek Louch, Fat Joe, Ryan Leslie, Wyclef Jean, The-Dream, Lil Mo, KRS-One, Funkmaster Flex, Richie Sambora and Darlisa Blackshere 

Singles
A buzz single titled, "Cry," featuring Lil' Mo, was released as a digital download and international 12" single on June 17, 2008  The unofficial street single, "Rockin' with the G O A T ," premiered on June 20, 2008 
The first official single, "Baby" featuring The-Dream was released on July 1, 2008, to the iTunes Music Store  On August 19, 2008, iTunes released the rock remix featuring Richie Sambora, lead guitarist of rock band Bon Jovi, with a rock rhythm and a sped-up tempo 
The second official single, "Feel My Heart Beat" featuring 50 Cent was released on August 26, 2008  The song did not enter the Billboard Hot 100  The official single version of the song was leaked to the Internet on November 27, 2008 

Critical reception
Exit 13 garnered mixed reviews from music critics  At Metacritic, which assigns a normalized rating out of 100 to reviews from mainstream critics, the album received an average score of 57, based on 5 reviews Despite being too lengthy and containing lesser tracks like "American Girl", Jesal Padania of RapReviews praised the album for having a consistent sound of instruments and synths in the tracks and LL's strong lyricism, saying that "In other words, all that effort that LL finally put into Exit 13 has really paid off - and he is getting the best revenge of all    Showing Def Jam what they will be missing " Steve Jones of USA Today called it LL's "most aggressive album in years," praising his standard braggadocio and lady-swooning content for being consistently energetic because of an amalgam of young up-and-coming producers, concluding that "After 10 straight platinum albums, his last two have only gone gold  But he seems to have gotten his swagger back  He may be hitting the Exit, but he is not easing up on the gas "In The New York Times, Jon Pareles felt that LL more than holds his own with the sounds delivered by newer producers that lift his old-school meets new-school lyricism, concluding with, "To his credit, LL Cool J is too romantic to treat women as crudely as younger rappers do  And while this 76-minute album flags near the end, there's still more than enough smooth-tongued, quick-witted rhyming to justify his boasts " AllMusic's Andy Kellman said that despite tracks like "You Better Watch Me" and "This Is Ring Tone M   " that show LL at his best, he criticized the record for being too try-hard in sounding like the mainstream rap albums released that year, concluding that "Out with a whimper, not a bang, Exit 13 is an off-ramp leading to a boulevard of several mismanaged White Castle knock-offs "

Chart performance
Exit 13 debuted and peaked at number nine on the US Billboard 200 in the week of September 27, 2008, selling 44,000 copies in its first week of release  By October 2008, it had sold 80,000 copies in the United States, according to Nielsen SoundScan  Exit 13 would become LL Cool J's final album with Def Jam  In regards to the album's reception and lack of proper marketing, the he stated in 2009: "The record just really honestly, you know, didn't have that support that I wish it would have had  [I] can't blame anyone  It was my last record, and I guess for whatever reason, whether it was quality or business, you know, the company just decided that they were going to write it off and not really give it that shot "

Track listing
Sample credits

"Dear Hip Hop"
"I'm Still a Struggling Man" by Edwin Starr
"Cry"
"Half a Man" by Bunny Sigler
"I Cry" by Ja Rule feat  Lil' Mo
"It's Time for War"
"The Ultimate" by Jarrid Mendelson
"Listen to My Heart Beat"
"Take Me With You" by Lyn Christopher
"Heartbeat" by Taana Gardner
"Old School New School"
"Who Shot Ya?" by The Notorious B I G 
"Ur Only a Customer"
"I've Been Pushed Aside" by McFadden & Whitehead
"Mary Jane (All Night Long) (Remix)" by Mary J  Blige feat  LL Cool J
"We Rollin'"
"90% of Me Is You" by Gwen McCrae
"You Better Watch Me"
"Pee-Wee's Dance" by Joeski Love
"I'm a Hustla" by Cassidy

Charts
Passage 7:
Sleaszy Rider Records
Sleaszy Rider Records is an independent record label which was founded in 1999 by Tolis G  Palantzas  The head office of the label is located in Greece  The label is mainly distributed in Europe by Sony Music/EMI  The label also distributes releases in Greece from numerous labels, including Roadrunner Records, SPV, and Pagan Records 

Artists
Current artists
Aetherius Obscuritas
Ancient
Bomb and Scary
Cold Colours
Cain
Darkwalker
Dedication
Depression
Desert
Dreamlike Horror
Duster 69
Edge Of Anger
Fahrenheit
Foundry
Funeral Revolt
Fragile Vastness
Greifenstein
Grenouer
Hesperia
The Illusion Fades
In Memory
Irony
Jerkstore
Lipstixx N Bulletz
Liquid Graveyard
Lloth
The Lust
Nocta
Odious
Of the Archaengel
On Thorns I Lay
Overtures
Posithrone
Prejudice
Psychotron
Redrum
Ricky Warwick
Sandness
Satarial
Shadowcast
Snowblind
Solar Fragment
Soulskinner
Sound of Silence
Space Mirrors
Spider Kickers
Thokkian Vortex
Through Art
Thurisaz
Vinder
Voodoo Highway
W A N T E D 
W E B 
Weeping Silence

Former artists
Ashes You Leave
D-Noiz
Deva Noctua Entropia
Deviser
En Garde
Enemynside
Fragile Vastness
Hannibal
Hellire B C 
Hortus Animae
Imagika
Insidius Infernus
Kinetic
Korrodead
Midnight Scream
Nordor
Obsecration
Overload
Phantom Lord
Pleurisy
Powertrip
Re-Vision
Rotting Flesh
Sangre Eterna
Sister Sin
Sorrowful Angels
Sotiris Lagonikas
Transcending Bizarre
Underdark
Uranus
Wastefall
Windfall
Womb of Maggots
Passage 8:
Big Wide Grin
Big Wide Grin is the sixth studio album by Keb' Mo', it was released in 2001 by the Sony Wonder record label 

Track listing
"Everybody Be Yoself" (Chic Streetman) - 4:59
"Love Train" (Kenneth Gamble, Leon Huff) - 4:29
"Don't Say No" (Kevin Moore, Cynthia Tarr) - 4:17
"Infinite Eyes" (Essra Mohawk, Kevin Moore, John Lewis Parker) - 4:57
"Grandma's Hands" (Bill Withers) - 3:30
"Color Him Father" (R  Lewis Spencer) - 3:3
"Family Affair" (Sylvester Stewart) - 3:47
"The Flat Fleet Floogie" (Slim Gaillard, Bud Green, Slam Stewart) - 2:04
"I Am Your Mother Too" (Kevin Moore, Zuriani Zonneveld) - 4:03
"Big Yellow Taxi" (Joni Mitchell) - 3:45
"Isn't She Lovely" (Stevie Wonder) - 5:16
"America the Beautiful" (Katherine Lee Bates, Samuel Augustus Ward) - 3:35Sergio Gonzalez - Drums ( tr  1,4,5,7,9 ) Laval Belle - drums ( tr  2, 3) Roy McCurdy - drums ( 8,11 )
Freddie Washington - Bass (tr  1,4,9 ) Kevin McCormick - Bass ( tr  2,3,5,7,10 ), synth ( tr 7 )
Bob Hurst - Upright bass (tr  8, 11)
Luis Conte –  Percussion (tr 1,2,4,5,9,10)
Jeff Young - piano, organ (tr  1, 7), keyboards ( tr 2, 3), piano (tr  8, 11)
Leo Nocentelli – Guitar ( tr 1 )
Greg Leisz - Mandola, Pedal Steel Guitar (tr 2)
Clayton Gibb - Banjo ( tr  3 )
Joellen Friedkin – Electric Piano ( tr 4 )
Gerald Albright  – Tenor Saxophone ( tr 7 ), Charlie "Tuna" Dennis - guitar ( tr  7 )
Passage 9:
Ace Fu Records
Ace Fu Records is an independent record label founded in 1998 by Eric Speck  It is located in Williamsburg, Brooklyn  The label went on indefinite hiatus in 2007 

Roster
Acid Mothers Temple
Annuals
An Albatross
Aqui
The Dears
Devotchka
Ex Models
Illinois
Kaiser Chiefs
Man Man
Michael Leviton
Oneida
Officer May
Parts & Labor
Pinback
Priestess
Runner and the Thermodynamics
Secret Machines
The Sucka MCs
Ted Leo
Tunng

See also
List of record labels

External links
Official site
Passage 10:
Gramofon
Gramofon is a record label and event agency founded in Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2003  It's the biggest music label of alternative music in Bosnia and Herzegovina 
Since 2003, Gramofon has organized more than 200 concerts and music events  It is also the organizer of the Sarajevo Jazz Festival and Xenophonia festival Gramofon is the exclusive distributor for Bosnia and Herzegovina of the labels ECM Records, Enja Records, ACT Music, Doublemoon Records, Pi Recordings, ESC Records, and Intakt Records 

Discography
Passage 11:
Takara (band)
Takara was an American rock band, formed in 1987 in Los Angeles, California  Takara recorded 5 studio albums for several different record labels in the U S , Europe, and Japan  Founding member and lead guitarist Neal Grusky, and bassist Carl Demarco remained permanent fixtures in the band since its early days 

Biography
1980s - Early Days
Takara was formed in August 1987  After a few months of rehearsals the band made their debut in October with a show in Hollywood, California  The band proceeded to play many more shows throughout 1987-88  In November 1988, Takara went into the studio to record their first demo with producer Jeff Scott Soto  As they entered the studio it became apparent that the original singer was not ready to record  In order to finish the new Takara demo, Soto was asked to help out by providing vocals for the demo  This was the beginning of a long relationship between the band and Jeff Scott Soto 

1990s - The Soto Era
In 1990, Takara went back into the studio to record what would eventually become their debut album, Eternal Faith  In 1992 Takara regrouped and added new members who would perform in Eternal Faith  The line-up was ultimately completed with Jeff Scott Soto on vocals, Neal Grusky on guitar, Gary Schutt on bass and Bob Duda on drums  In August 1993, Zero Corporation (Japan) and Now and Then records (Europe) offered Takara a deal to release Eternal Faith in December 1993 
After a short break the band began to work on what was to become their second album  Before rehearsals began, bassist Carl Demarco replaced Schutt and they returned to the studio to record Taste of Heaven  The band enlisted Bob Daisley on bass for guest performances on two songs  Taste of Heaven was released in May 1995 by Zero Corporation (Japan) and Long Island records (Europe)  Upon its release, Taste of Heaven had commercial success, and Long Island records brought Takara to Germany for a promo tour 
In 1996 Saraya Recordings, a new US label, asked permission to re-release Eternal Faith and Taste of Heaven as its first releases  Feeling that there was momentum starting to build, the band wasted no time in working on their third album  In 1998 they released Blind in Paradise through Zero Corporation (Japan), Point Music (Europe), and Saraya Recordings (US)  Shortly after the release of ‘Blind in Paradise’, all of Takara's labels released a greatest hits album Eternity: Best of 93 - 98 

2000-2010 Changes to the Lineup
In late 1998, the Takara went through significant lineup changes, leaving only guitarist/band leader Neal Grusky and bassist Carl Demarco to rebuild begin writing new material  The band found drummer Chad Clark and keyboardist Brook Hansen  Brook and Neal had known each other for years and always shared similar ideas on music  The last to come aboard was vocalist Michael J  Flatters, who Grusky found through a mutual friend  With the band complete, Takara re-entered the studio in February 2000 to record their fourth album, Perception of Reality  One year later, it was completed and released on the Avalon Marquee (Japan), Lion Music (Europe), and Metal Mayhem (US) labels 
After a hiatus of several years, Grusky decided to reform Takara in 2008, once again with a new lineup  This lineup saw the arrival of several new members including Bjorn Englen (bass), Patrick Johannson (drums), and vocalist Gus Monsanto  Keyboardist Brook Hansen returned to the lineup  Jeff Scott Soto also returned after ten years to provide harmony vocals for the resulting 2008 album entitled Invitation to Forever  This album, released by Progrock Records, marked a turning point for Takara with Grusky taking his powerful songwriting to a much harder edge than on previous Takara albums  The album subsequently gained mass approval by fans and progressive rock critics alike 

2011-2019 Final Lineup and First Live Performances
After the release of Invitation To Forever guitarist and bandleader Neal Grusky was faced with some tough decisions  Feeling that the band had gone too far in the direction of a studio project with hired musicians contributing internationally, he opted to change the lineup once again in hopes of finding fresh local talent willing to pursue the local LA club scene  Grusky brought back Carl Demarco now "Carla DeMarco" "on bass, reuniting the core of Takara  After a long search for a suitable vocal talent, the band found Jamie Kelli, who had been regularly performing in the LA area  Drummer Gene McEwen, also active in the local scene, completed the lineup  With Kelli filling in temporarily on keyboards, Takara proceeded to prepare for a series of live shows intended to re-introduce the modern LA rock scene to both new and old material from the band  On October 30, 2010, Takara's new lineup performed their first live show to showcase new vocalist Jamie Kelli at Paladino's in Los Angeles, California   In October 2011, Takara announced they would be contributing a song to a Randy Rhoads/Ozzy Osbourne tribute album which was released in the spring of 2012 by Versailles Records  Takara recorded a version of the song "Little Dolls" from the 1981 album "Diary of a Madman" 
In 2019, Grusky announced that the then current members of Takara would be moving on to alternate projects, and that for the time being Takara would no longer be active  Neal Grusky went on to form the LA progressive metal band Prey For Sunday, releasing their first self titled EP in 2021  Vocalist Jamie Kelli relocated to the Boston area where he has since formed the hard rock band Jasper Lane, releasing their debut self titled album in September 2020 

Discography
Studio albums
1993 - Eternal Faith
1995 - Taste of Heaven
1998 - Blind in Paradise
2001 - Perception of Reality
2008 - Invitation to Forever

Compilations
1998 - Eternity: Best of 93 – 98

Related Projects
Talisman
W E T 
Prey For Sunday
Soul Sign
Jasper Lane
Passage 12:
Equity Music Group
Equity Music Group was an American country music record label founded in 2003 by singer Clint Black  The label was distributed by Koch Entertainment (now E1 Entertainment) 
The name "Equity" was chosen to represent the equality between the artist and the label  According to Equity, "The artists will own what they create and get paid from the first scanned sale  In turn, the label has a vested interest in other aspects of the artist's career " The label closed in December 2008 due to financial difficulties 

Artist roster
The following acts were signed to Equity Music Group:

Clint Black
Laura Bryna
Carolina Rain
Kevin Fowler
Carolyn Dawn Johnson
Shannon Lawson
Little Big Town
Mark Wills
Blake Wise
Passage 13:
Metalworks Institute
Metalworks Institute is a post-secondary institution based in Mississauga, Ontario, Canada and Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada  Metalworks Institute offers certificates, diplomas, and advanced diplomas, on-campus and online, educating students for direct entry into careers in the entertainment industry or for articulation into undergraduate degrees  The institute was founded by Gil Moore (Inductee of the Mississauga Music Walk of Fame) of the Canadian rock band Triumph (inductees into the Canadian Music Hall of Fame), and is the educational extension of Metalworks Studios, Canada's largest music recording studio, and Metalworks Production Group   Metalworks Institute delivers programs in four core streams: Live Music, Recorded Music, Entertainment Business and Music Performance, at the flagship Mississauga campus and at the Fredericton campus Metalworks Institute received the inaugural Canadian Music & Broadcast Industry award for Music School of the Year in 2016  and again in 2019 

History and accreditation
Metalworks Institute Mississauga was founded in 2005 and is registered as a Private Career College under the Private Career Colleges Act, 2005  Metalworks Institute Fredericton was founded in 2020 and is a Private Occupational Training Organization registered under the Private Occupational Training Act, 1996  Metalworks Institute offers diploma and advanced diploma programs, on-campus and online, as well as individual certificate courses  The Institute includes over 80 full-time staff members and has an enrollment of more than 250 students On November 20, 2013, the Metalworks Group was the recipient of the SME Excellence Award at the Ontario Business Achievement Awards (OBAA), presented by the Ontario Chamber of Commerce  In 2016, Metalworks Institute received the inaugural Canadian Music & Broadcast Industry award for Music School of the Year  They then received the Canadian Music & Broadcast Industry award for Music School of the Year a second time in 2019  In 2019, Metalworks Institute received the inaugural Paul Kitchin Award for Community Involvement from Career Colleges Ontario for their sponsorship of the Sound Engineering Program at Interprovincial Music Camp (IMC) 

Academic programs
Metalworks Institute delivers programs on-campus and online in four core streams:

Live Music
Live Event & Concert Production Diploma 
Live Sound Diploma 
Stage Lighting & Video Diploma

Music Business
Music Business Diploma

Music Performance
Music Performance Advanced Diploma

Recorded Music
Audio Production & Engineering Diploma 
Electronic Music Production Diploma 
Music Mixing & Mastering (Post Graduate) Diploma 
Recording Engineering Diploma

Interdisciplinary Programs
Music Performance & Technology Advanced Diploma 
Professional Sound (Audio Specialist) Diploma 
Professional Sound & Business (Studio Production Major) Advanced Diploma 
Professional Sound & Business (Recording Engineering Major) Advanced Diploma 
Professional Sound & Business (Live Production Major) Advanced Diploma

Part-time certificate courses
Metalworks Institute is officially certified as an Avid Certified Learning Partner and offers certified training in Pro Tools  for both music and post-production as well as for live Venue (sound system)  They also offer certificate courses in Apple's Logic Pro, Steinberg Cubase, Ableton Live  and Reason as well as official certification courses in Waves Audio 

Flagship Campus and Educational Facilities
Metalworks Institute's flagship campus is located in Mississauga, Ontario, adjacent to Metalworks Studios and Metalworks Production Group  There are regularly scheduled campus tours which are open to the public  Prospective students and parents are able to meet the school faculty and find information related to the programs, courses, and student resources offered at Metalworks Institute 

Educational Amenities
Metalworks Institute's studios were designed by acoustician Terry Medwedyk  The equipment used by the institute to educate its students is the same as that used by the professional clients who make use of Metalworks Studios  The studios are equipped with SSL and ICON consoles, Pro Tools HD systems and a wide variety of industry standard microphones, plug-ins and vintage outboard equipment  The Institute's partnership with Metalworks Production Group also gives the show production students access to the equipment used to produce a large variety of live events such as concerts, theatrical productions, large and small scale business conferences trade shows and conventions   The institute has four professional recording studios dedicated to student use 

Notable alumni
Akeel Henry, Jack Richardson Recording Engineer of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2023
Alessia De Gasperis, formerly known as Kai, Canadian singer-songwriter
Michael "Mickey" Brandolino, guitarist in Juno-nominated (2021, 2022) Valley
Nav, rapper
Noel Cadastre, Award-winning mixer, music producer, audio engineer (OVO Sound)
Riley Bell, Jack Richardson Recording Engineer of the Year at the Juno Awards of 2018
Tim Oxford, musician in The Arkells
WondaGurl, record producer
Passage 14:
The Autumn Offering
The Autumn Offering was an American metalcore band that formed in Daytona Beach, Florida, in 1999  After achieving some degree of local success, the band was signed to Stillborn Records, founded by Jamey Jasta of Hatebreed, in 2003  The band released one album through this label  The Autumn Offering later signed to Victory Records in 2005 and released four studio albums before ceasing activity in 2010 

History
Formation and debut album (1999–2004)
The Autumn Offering was formed in 1999 while all the members were still in high school and by 2003, they had completed several regional tours and self-booked US tours  Hatebreed vocalist Jamey Jasta took notice of the band, and signed them to his own Stillborn Records in December 2003  The Autumn Offering released their debut album Revelations of the Unsung on July 27, 2004, through Stillborn and was recorded by Zeuss at Planet-Z 

Signing to Victory Records and second album (2005–2006)
In 2005, founding member and lead guitarist George Moore parted ways with the band and was soon after replaced by Tommy Church, guitarist from End of All, which later became known as Killwhitneydead  The Autumn Offering signed to Victory Records in September 2005  Their first release through the label was a reissue of their debut album in early 2006, which was followed by their second studio album Embrace the Gutter on May 16, 2006  Embrace the Gutter was recorded with Jason Suecof (Chimaira, Trivium) at Audiohammer Studios 

New vocalist and Fear Will Cast No Shadow (2007–2008)
After completing Embrace the Gutter and a few national tours, singer Dennis Miller quit the band to pursue a normal life  The band continued on and eventually chose good touring friend Matt McChesney from Hell Within to replace him  The band also separated with original drummer Nick Gelyon in the studio during the recording of Embrace the Gutter  He was replaced by Brian Sculley soon after 
The band's next album, Fear Will Cast No Shadow was released on October 30, 2007, with new singer Matt McChesney  The album featured a slight change in sound for the band, having a more melodic sound and using more clean vocals than on previous releases 

Requiem (2009)
The Autumn Offering entered the studio on February 1, 2009, to begin recording Requiem at AudioHammer Studios with Mark Lewis  Recording was finished by March 2009, and the album was later released on June 9, 2009, through Victory Records  A music video for the song "The Curtain Hits the Cast" from Requiem was released For the band's fourth studio album, The Autumn Offering took their music in a heavier direction contrasting the more pop and melody driven Fear Will Cast No Shadow  The album was described by the band as a more "mature" album featuring "longer songs, complex rhythms, and dynamic vocals " Further distancing themselves from their previous album, vocalist Matt McChesney wrote darker lyrics about substance abuse and being raised in a broken home, as opposed to songs about relationships  The song "Narcosis" is about McChesney's experience of being revived with an adrenaline shot after snorting heroin and cocaine at the same time Requiem became The Autumn Offering's first charting album, peaking at number 36 on Billboard's Top Heatseekers chart 

The Autumn Offering (2010)
For the band's fifth studio album, The Autumn Offering recruited two members: guitarist Jesse Nunn of Silent Civilian and Scum of the Earth who replaced Matt Johnson, and bassist Carl Bensley of Instinct of Aggression who replaced Mike Poggione The Autumn Offering was released on August 31, 2010, through Victory Records  The album featured another stylistic change for the band, this time going into a more melodic death metal and deathcore direction  Late that year, following the departure of guitarist Tommy Church, vocalist Matt McChesney stated that the band would be ending, citing burn out and "a million other things "

Band members
Current membersCarl Bensley – bass guitar (2010)
Tommy Church – guitars (2005–2010) (ex-Mushroomhead)
Matt McChesney – vocals (2007–2010) (ex-Hell Within)
Jesse Nunn (Saint) – guitars (2010)
Brian Sculley – drums (2008–2010)Former membersTony Cesaro – guitars (1999–2002)
Mike Bortle – drums (1999–2003)
George Moore – guitars (1999–2005) (ex-Trivium)
Dennis Miller – vocals (1999–2007)
Nick Gelyon – drums (2003–2007)
Jonathon Lee – drums (2007)
Allen Royal – drums (2007-2008)
Sean Robbins – bass guitar  (1999–2008)
Mike Poggione – bass guitar, vocals (2008–2009)
Erik Tisinger - bass guitar  (2009)
Matt Johnson – guitars (1999–2010)Timeline

Discography
Studio albumsRevelations of the Unsung (2004)
Embrace the Gutter (2006)
Fear Will Cast No Shadow (2007)
Requiem (2009)
The Autumn Offering (2010)

Music videos
Passage 15:
Mona Bone Jakon
Mona Bone Jakon is the third studio album by singer-songwriter Cat Stevens, released in April 1970 on the Island Records label in the United Kingdom and on A&M in the United States and Canada 

Overview
After a meteoric start to his career, surprising even his original producer at Deram Records with the hit singles "I Love My Dog", "Matthew and Son", and "I'm Gonna Get Me a Gun", Stevens' debut album, Matthew and Son, began charting  However, after the pressure for a repeat album of the same calibre, Stevens, considered a young teen sensation, was overwhelmed by a new lifestyle as well as the demands of writing, recording, performing, publicity appearances, and touring  His second album was a commercial failure and in the autumn of 1968, he was hospitalized, with a diagnosis of tuberculosis and a collapsed lung  For over a year, while recovering, Stevens virtually disappeared from the British pop scene  Mona Bone Jakon is notable not only for his return but for the emergence of a very different artist  The album sold slowly (at first) but over time has been certified Gold for sales/shipments of more than 500,000 copies in the United States 

Background
During his hospital-dictated year of bedrest, Stevens began writing a catalogue of songs to fill far more than his next album  After his recovery, he negotiated out of his contract with Deram Records and worked with former Yardbirds bassist Paul Samwell-Smith on a stripped-down sound  In contrast to his first two albums, these new songs were sparse arrangements  They were played on acoustic guitars and keyboards and accompanied by a smaller backing band, consisting of three other performers: second guitarist Alun Davies, bassist John Ryan, and drummer Harvey Burns—and on one song, "Katmandu", Peter Gabriel on the flute  Samwell-Smith also produced the album and brought Stevens a high-fidelity sound that was not as present on his previous releases  Samwell-Smith was one of the early producers in rock to push the lower bass frequencies more prominently into the mix in an attempt to keep up with the new audiophile generation, which was embracing larger home speakers and high-end phonographic cartridges  Stevens began to make the transition from pop musician to a folk-rock performer when the term "singer-songwriter" was just being coined The songs themselves were darker in tone: the madrigal-inspired ballad "Lady D'Arbanville" elevated the tragedy of a lost lover (in this case, Stevens' former girlfriend Patti D'Arbanville) to that of a deceased one and "Trouble" was a plea to stave off death  There were also lighter songs: "Pop Star" showcased Stevens' dramatic change in voice by satirising the triviality of celebrity 
Though "Lady D'Arbanville" would reach No  8 on the British charts, Mona Bone Jakon was only a modest success upon its initial release  The album attracted attention, however, in the wake of the commercial breakthrough of its follow-up, Tea for the Tillerman, and with the inclusion of three of its songs ("Trouble", "I Wish, I Wish", and "I Think I See the Light") in Hal Ashby and Colin Higgins's 1971 black comedy, Harold and Maude 

Origin of title
According to a 1972 interview with Stevens, the inspiration for the title was a name he created to describe his penis: "'Mona Bone Jakon' is another name for my penis  It's the name I give it  It's not some sort of secret vocabulary, it's just something I made up "Journalist Robert Chalmers reiterated this point for a 2003 interview with Yusuf Islam for The Independent on Sunday when he wrote: "When [Stevens] re-emerged in 1969, he had more than 40 new songs and released three triumphant albums in 15 months on Chris Blackwell's Island label: Mona Bone Jakon (his pet word for penis), Tea for the Tillerman and Teaser and the Firecat "

Critical reception
In a contemporary review for The Village Voice, music critic Robert Christgau gave the album a B+, noting that "this one has a nice post-creative trauma feel, intimate and sensitive  Recommended to singer/songwriter specialists " Later, he revised his review to a B- and expressed a newfound dislike for the songs "Lady D'Arbanville," "Trouble," and "I Wish, I Wish" In a retrospective review, Allmusic's William Ruhlmann gave it four out of five stars and called it "a group of simple, heartfelt songs played in spare arrangements on acoustic guitars and keyboards and driven by a restrained rhythm section"  He added that "Stevens' craggy voice, with its odd breaks of tone and occasional huskiness, lent these sometimes sketchy songs depth" 

Track listing
Personnel
Cat Stevens – acoustic guitar, classical guitar, keyboards, vocals
Alun Davies – acoustic guitar, backing vocals
John Ryan – double bass
Harvey Burns – drums, percussion
Peter Gabriel – flute on "Katmandu"
Del Newman – strings, arrangements

Production
Producer – Paul Samwell-Smith
Engineer – Michael Bobak
Mixing – Paul Hicks
Supervisor – Bill Levenson
Coordinator – Beth Stempel
Mastering – Ted Jensen
Design – Roland Young, Mike Diehl
Illustrations – Cat Stevens
Photography – Grazia Neri, Richard Stirling

Charts
Certifications and sales


== Notes ==
Passage 16:
Trevor Wyatt
Trevor Wyatt is a British record company manager and record producer 
Wyatt was Chris Blackwell's first employee at Island Records London  Trevor drove the Island cab, delivering records to the stores as well as taking the artists around when they came to town  As Island grew, Trevor became the studio manager, UK A&R manager, and house producer, first in Island's Basing Street Studios and then at Island's HQ at St Peter's Square in Hammersmith  As such, he became a source of knowledge on who had recorded what in the studio and where their sessions could be found  Many compilations on the Island label existed purely because Trevor found material in the archives and brought it to the appropriate label manager's attention  He was responsible for the Island Reggae Greats series of releases, and also found many alternate takes and demos for box sets by Nick Drake and Sandy Denny 
After the takeover by Universal Records, Wyatt followed Blackwell to Palm Pictures, where he worked for some years  He is now an independent artist manager 
Passage 17:
Necessary Records
Necessary Records is a record label based in the UK, founded by Warren Clarke, a former A&R executive at London Records and Edel, in 2003  Clarke describes that the label was born out of a creative necessity  "It's an outlet for records that should and must be heard  An outlet for artists that deserve to and will, touch the widest possible audience "It is most notable for being the record label of English indie rock band Hard-FiThe label was responsible for the release of Hard Fi's debut album, Stars of CCTV, before the label secured a two album worldwide licensing deal with Atlantic, which saw the album re-released in the UK and subsequently nominated for a Mercury Prize and two Brit Awards  The album also peaked at #1 in the UK albums chart in January 2006, reaching sales of 1 2 million copies worldwide, with over 830,000 in the UK alone  The band's second album, Once Upon a Time in the West, released by Necessary/Atlantic, also reached #1 on the UK album charts  The band's third album, Killer Sounds, released by Necessary/Atlantic went to #9 on the UK album charts Necessary also have a publishing and management company 

Artist roster
Nights
Distophia
Hard-Fi
Maupa

See also
List of record labels
Passage 18:
Super Grit Cowboy Band
Super Grit Cowboy Band is an American country music band formed in North Carolina  It was founded by Clyde Mattocks, Libby Mattocks, Bill Lyerly, Danny Vinson, Dave Cavanaugh  and Alfred Ward  Active since 1974, the band recorded first with Sound Hut Studios  Beginning with their 1981 album, the band has recorded on its own Hoodswamp label 

History
The band formed in 1974, comprising Clyde Mattocks (steel guitar, Dobro, banjo, electric guitar), Danny Vinson (drums), Mike Kinzie (fiddle, saxophone, piano, harmonica, acoustic guitar), Bill Ellis (bass guitar, keyboards) and Curtis Wright (lead guitar) The band recorded their first album in 1977 featuring Bill Lyerly (Bill Lyerly Band) 
Later the band recorded for its own label, Hoodswamp Records, and released three albums on it  In 1981, the band charted for the first time on Hot Country Songs with "If You Don't Know Me by Now," which reached No  71  Between then and 1983, four more of the band's singles reached the country charts, including its highest-charting, the No  48 "She Is the Woman " Billboard gave the band's 1981 album If You Can't Hang a positive review, praising the instrumentation as well as the rock influences At one point, Don Cox was a member of the band  He later recorded All Over Town for Step One Records and charted at No  29 on the country music charts with its title track  Wright later joined Vern Gosdin's road band, of which he was a member until 1989  After quitting that band, Wright was a solo artist for Airborne and Liberty Records, charting in the Top 40 with "She's Got a Man on Her Mind" in 1990 and releasing a self-titled album in 1992  He later recorded one album with Robert Ellis Orrall in the duo Orrall & Wright, then joined Shenandoah from 2000 to 2008  Wright has also written singles for Shenandoah, Ronnie Milsap, Daryle Singletary, and Carolina Rain 
Since 2010, the band has consisted of Mattocks and Kinzie, along with guitarist Mark Golladay, drummer Dexter Horton and bass guitarist Carroll Wade 

Discography
Albums
Singles
Passage 19:
Raised on Radio
Raised on Radio is the ninth studio album by the American rock band Journey, released in April 1986 on the Columbia Records label  It is the first album to not feature founding bassist Ross Valory, who was replaced initially by session bassist Bob Glaub and then by  Randy Jackson  Drummer Steve Smith contributed to a few tracks, but was replaced during the recording by session drummer Larrie Londin and then Mike Baird for the subsequent tour 
The album spawned three top 20 singles in the US: "Girl Can't Help It" (No  17), "I'll Be Alright Without You" (No  14), and "Suzanne" (No  17)  It also spawned a top ten single "Be Good to Yourself" (No  9) It went to No  4 on the Billboard 200 chart, and it was certified double platinum in the USA 

Background
Raised on Radio was released three years after Frontiers (1983)  In 1984, both lead guitarist Neal Schon and lead singer Steve Perry released albums on their own; Schon in the band HSAS (Through the Fire), and Perry with his debut solo album, Street Talk  Perry considered leaving Journey following the release of Street Talk which he has referred to as "one of the most fun experiences I've had"  Perry decided to return to working with Journey when he received a call from keyboardist Jonathan Cain, who wanted him to work on some unfinished songs Following Perry's return to Journey, he began to take more control over the band's direction  Bassist Ross Valory and drummer Steve Smith were fired from the band, against the wishes of manager Herbie Herbert  According to Perry, Valory and Smith "weren't pleased with the kind of music we were playing and weren't too keen on touring"  Smith later said of the initial recording process: "There was a lot of pressure to do it the way Steve Perry wanted, which I had a lot of problems with because I felt it should be a group record, like all the other records " Valory was replaced by Randy Jackson (bass guitar) and Smith was replaced by session musician Larrie Londin (drums)  In the VH-1 Behind the Music episode featuring the band, Perry expressed regret over his decision, stating he'd have done things differently  Smith did record three tracks with Journey on the album, and he and Valory still received revenues from the record and subsequent tour  Both returned to Journey in 1995 
The band decided that Perry, who had proved his production capabilities on Street Talk, was the best fit to produce the album  According to Perry, this gave the rest of the band members as much creative control as possible: "Journey knows what it should sound like, so we all agreed I would be a good, safe, nondictator-type producer "Perry changed the original title of this project from Freedom to Raised on Radio, which drew the ire of Herbert and some of the band members, as it varied from the one-word general theme in most of their previous albums  The band would end up using the Freedom title 36 years later for their fifteenth studio album 
The subsequent tour featured Schon, Perry, Cain, and Jackson, with drummer Mike Baird  

Artwork
The cover of the album (by Prairie Prince, an early member of the band) was modeled after the studios and antennas for KNGS in Hanford, California, which was owned by Perry's parents, Ray and Mary Perry 

Songs
Cash Box said of "Suzanne" that "Somewhat brooding verses give way to explosive choruses which feature Steve Perry’s potent singing" and that "Journey has captured the essence of teen romance " Billboard said of it that Journey's "power rock style gets adapted just a bit here toward the techno-dance idiom "Cash Box said of "Why Can't This Night Go On Forever" that it's a "rousing, emotional ballad is pure Journey" with a "bracing, high-wire vocal" from Steve Perry 

Track listing
Personnel
Credits for Raised on Radio adapted from liner notes Journey

Steve Perry – lead vocals
Jonathan Cain – keyboards, backing vocals
Neal Schon – guitars, guitar synthesizer, backing vocals, keyboards (10)
Randy Jackson – bass (all tracks except 2, 10 and 11), backing vocals (all tracks except 2, 10 and 11)
Steve Smith – drums (2, 10 and 11)Additional musicians

Bob Glaub – bass (2, 10 and 11)
Larrie Londin – drums (all tracks except 2, 10 and 11)
Mike Baird – drums (12 and 13) (2006 CD reissue only)
Steve Minkins – percussion (3)
Danny Hull (credited as Dan Hull) – saxophone (2 and 7), harp (7)Production

Steve Perry – producer
Jonathan Cain – additional vocal co-production
Randy Goodrum – additional vocal co-production
Jim Gaines – associate producer, engineer
Mark McKenna – engineer
Steve Rinkoff – engineer
Robert Missbach – assistant engineer
Bob Clearmountain – mixing at Bearsville Studios and The Power Station (New York, NY)
Bob Ludwig – mastering at Masterdisk (New York, NY), remastering
Brian Lee – remastering

Charts
Certifications
Context 2: Passage 1:
Mr  Freeze
Mr  Freeze (Victor Fries) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by DC Comics  Created by Dave Wood, Sheldon Moldoff and Bob Kane, the character first appeared in Batman #121 (February 1959) as the ice-based criminal Mr  Zero  He was soon renamed "Mr  Freeze" and, years later, received a revamped origin story based on the one conceived by writer Paul Dini for Batman: The Animated Series  Dini's depiction of the character as a tragic villain popularized Mr  Freeze into becoming one of Batman's most enduring enemies belonging to the collective of adversaries that make up his rogues gallery Mr  Freeze is the alter ego of Dr  Victor Fries, a cryogenics expert in Gotham City who was caught in a laboratory mishap whilst attempting to cure his terminally ill wife, Nora  The accident drastically lowered his body temperature to sub-zero levels, forcing him to wear a cryogenic suit in order to survive  Fries turns to crime to find a cure for his wife's illness through any means necessary, which often puts him into conflict with Batman 
The character has been adapted in various media incarnations, having been portrayed in live-action by George Sanders, Otto Preminger and Eli Wallach in the 1960s Batman television series, Arnold Schwarzenegger in the 1997 film Batman & Robin, and Nathan Darrow in the Fox crime drama Gotham  Michael Ansara, Clancy Brown, Maurice LaMarche, and others have provided his voice in media ranging from animation to video games 

Creation and development
Introduction
Mr  Freeze made his first appearance in Batman #121 (February 1959), and was created by Dave Wood, Sheldon Moldoff and Bob Kane  From the time of his first appearance in 1959, the character was portrayed as one of many "joke" villains cast as stock enemies of Batman  He was originally called Mr  Zero in the comics, but the producers of the 1960s Batman television series renamed him Mr  Freeze and portrayed Batman addressing him as "Dr  Otto Schivel", but the name never carried over to the comic books  In the Pre-Crisis continuity, it is explained that Mr  Freeze is a rogue scientist whose design for an "ice gun" backfires when he inadvertently spills cryogenic chemicals on himself, resulting in him needing sub-zero temperatures to survive 

Origin story
Originally called Mr  Zero, he was renamed and popularized by the 1960s Batman television series, in which he was played by three different actors (George Sanders, Otto Preminger, and Eli Wallach) Nearly 30 years later, a television adaptation of Batman revitalized him once again  Batman: The Animated Series retold Mr  Freeze's origin in "Heart of Ice", an episode by writer Paul Dini  The episode introduced his terminally ill, cryogenically frozen wife Nora, which explained his obsession with ice and need to build a criminal empire to raise research funds  This more complex, tragic character was enthusiastically accepted by fans, and has become the standard portrayal for the character in most forms of media, including the comic book series itself, which previously had the character casually killed off by the Joker Freeze was resurrected in the comic after the episode aired  The episode was seen as groundbreaking for a Saturday morning cartoon and helped set the tone for the rest of the series  This backstory was also made canon in the comics and has been the character's official origin in almost every incarnation of Batman until September 2011, when The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity  Elements of this origin story were incorporated into the 1997 film Batman & Robin, in which he was portrayed by Arnold Schwarzenegger 

Fictional character biography
Pre-Crisis
In order to create an ice gun, a scientist whose name remains unknown starts experimenting with a concentrated freezing solution  He suffers an unfortunate accident that changes his physiology, forcing him to live in environments below zero temperature  He adopts the criminal identity of Mr  Zero  To be able to go out to the normal environment, Zero creates an air conditioned costume, which helps him remain in cold temperatures, even in hot climates  Using this equipment, Zero gathers a small gang and starts a crime spree in Gotham City, stealing mainly diamonds and other precious jewels  Mr  Zero is eventually confronted by the local vigilantes, Batman and Robin  Unable to stand against his cold weapons, the Dynamic Duo fails to stop Zero  They are captured by him and brought to his secret cold hideout, near the mountains  Trapped in blocks of ice, Batman and Robin learn Zero's plan to steal a large collection of gems  Batman eventually breaks a nearby steam pipe, causing steam to fill the hideout, melting the ice away and apparently curing Zero from his ailment  After this, Batman and Robin are able to capture the whole gang and bring Zero to the authorities After years of inactivity, Zero's condition apparently returns  Going back to his life of crime, he changes his alias to Mr  Freeze and is forced to remain in cold temperatures once again  In this second exploit, Freeze redesigns his cryo-suit and improves his cryothermal gun  With a new gang, he starts a new series of crimes and steals valuable pieces of art  Similar to his first criminal activities, Freeze is eventually stopped by Batman and Robin Long after this, Freeze becomes part of a mock criminal trial, after which he changes his cryo-suit for one that allows him more mobility  Freeze eventually falls in love with a woman called Hildy  In order to slow her aging process, Freeze sets out to recreate the accident that transformed him  For his experiments, Freeze uses wealthy people in Gotham as test subjects, but all the efforts result in failure  The victims turn into frozen zombies, who follow Freeze's commands  His new crimes alert the police and Batman  In the ensuing fight, Batman is only able to win when Hildy shows her true intentions and betrays Freeze, only to be encased in solid ice when her plan backfires  Freeze's next plan consists of freezing Gotham City by removing all the heat and transporting the energy to the neighboring city of Metropolis  Freeze is unable to accomplish his goal and is stopped by Batman and Superman  During one last attempt to freeze Gotham entirely, Mr  Freeze creates a large ice cannon  After robbing a bank, Freeze is confronted by Batman and the new Robin, who manages to defeat him with help from Vicki Vale and Julia Pennyworth, whom Freeze previously captured 

Post-Crisis
Following the Crisis rebooting the history of the DC Universe, Mr  Freeze is revamped using a history similar to the one created by Paul Dini for Batman: The Animated Series  Dr  Victor Fries, Ph D  (surname pronounced "freeze") is a brilliant cryogenicist  As a child, he was fascinated with cryonic preservation and liked to freeze animals  His parents are horrified by his "hobby" and send him to a strict reform school, where he is miserable, bullied and abandoned by his parents; as a result, he feels detached from humanity  In college, he meets Nora, the woman he ultimately marries Eighteen months after Bruce Wayne becomes Batman, Nora contracts a fatal disease, so Fries begins developing a freeze ray for GothCorp in order to preserve her in suspended animation until a cure can be found  Fries' boss Ferris Boyle decides to tell the Mob about the gun, leading Batman to create a team of specialists to help him do his job better  As Fries puts Nora in suspended animation, Boyle interrupts and tampers with the experiment, resulting in an explosion that kills Nora  Fries survives, but the chemicals in the freeze ray lower his body temperature to the point that he must wear a cryogenic suit in order to survive  He swears revenge on those responsible for the death of his wife (whom he talks to often) and becomes Mr  Freeze, the first superpowered villain whom Batman faces in this continuity  Eventually, Batman's operatives find Freeze, who shoots one of them with his freeze gun, but Batman eventually apprehends him  Initially locked in Arkham Asylum, Freeze was eventually transferred to the Gotham State Penitentiary, from where he escaped and attempted to steal technology from S T A R  Labs until he was stopped and returned to prison by Batman Freeze's crimes tend to involve freezing everyone and everything that he encounters so he never forges alliances with the other criminals in Gotham, preferring to work alone  On rare occasions, he has worked with another member of Batman's rogues' gallery, usually, as an enforcer for Gotham's mob bosses, such as the Penguin during his reign or Black Mask during the return of Jason Todd  In one of his notable team-ups, Freeze constructs a cryogenic machine for Hush so that Hush might take revenge on Batman, Freeze's equipment allowing Hush to preserve Catwoman's surgically removed heart to use as a means of threatening her life  After Batman's death, most of the Arkham inmates were freed by a new Black Mask  Freeze was among them and he started working on a project called Ice-X Protocol when the GCPD tried to capture him  He stunned them with his gun and captured Gordon, taking him to his secret lair  Gordon managed to break free and defeat Freeze by causing an explosion that weakened Freeze  After his capture, Freeze was taken to Iron Heights Prison  During his time with the Secret Society of Super Villains, he fashions a sub-zero machine for Nyssa al Ghul in exchange for the use of her Lazarus Pit  He attempts to restore Nora to life without waiting for the adjusting needed in the pool chemicals; she returns to life as the twisted Lazara and escapes  She blames her husband for her plight, and she estranges herself from him 

The New 52
In September 2011, The New 52 rebooted DC's continuity  In this new timeline, during the Night of the Owls crossover, the Court of Owls sends assassins known as Talons to kill 40 of the most important citizens of Gotham, including Mr  Freeze  The Red Hood, Starfire and Arsenal choose to save him, and subsequently remand him into Batgirl's custody  Batman Annual (vol  2) #1 introduces a new origin for Mr  Freeze  Here, Victor Fries' fascination with cryonics began when he was a boy and his mother fell through the ice of a frozen lake  The ice was able to keep her preserved long enough for help to arrive, thus sparking his lifelong obsession with cold  It is later revealed that the accident left Fries' mother in constant pain, and Fries ended her suffering by pushing her into the same frozen lake  In this new origin, Nora was never Fries' wife  Her name was Nora Fields, a woman born in 1934  When Nora was 23, she was diagnosed with an incurable heart disease, so her family placed her in cryogenic stasis hoping that a cure would be found in the future  Fries, having written his doctoral thesis on Nora, took on a position as a cryogenic researcher and technician at Wayne Enterprises, the facility that housed Nora's body  Eventually, he fell in love with Nora and became dedicated to finding a reliable method for slowly thawing cryogenic subjects  However, Bruce Wayne ordered the project to be shut down, as he began to feel uncomfortable with Fries' obsession with Nora  Furious, Fries hurled a chair at Wayne, who dodged the attack; the chair smashed into an array of cryonic chemical tanks, the contents of which sprayed onto Fries and transformed him into Mr  Freeze The Court of Owls uses Freeze's cryogenic-thaw formula to revive their Talons, and then they try to kill him  Freeze survives but is captured by the Red Hood and sent to Arkham Asylum  He escapes shortly afterward and rearms himself with the Penguin's help  Freeze decides to kill Bruce Wayne and takes Nora, whom he believes to be his wife so that they can leave Gotham City behind forever  Infiltrating Wayne Enterprises, Freeze has a brief fight with Nightwing and Robin, but he subdues them  Then, Freeze goes to the penthouse, where he finds Batman and the frozen Nora  Batman defeats Mr  Freeze by injecting his suit with the thawing formula, which he had intended to use to revive Nora from suspended animation 
During the Forever Evil storyline, Mr  Freeze appears as a member of the Secret Society of Super Villains at the time when the Crime Syndicate arrived from their world The Scarecrow later visits Mr  Freeze to let him know of the war going on at Blackgate Penitentiary  The Man-Bats are able to bring the remaining Talons to Mr  Freeze after the Man-Bat and the Scarecrow steal them from Blackgate  Mr  Freeze and Clayface later encounter the Rogues when they land in their territory  Mr  Freeze tells the Mirror Master III he is not interested in capitalizing on the bounty on their heads, only to use the Weather Wizard to create optimal conditions for him to freeze Gotham  As the Rogues are fighting the two, Black Mask (alongside his False Face society) arrives to capture the Rogues to receive the bounty 

DC Rebirth
In the Watchmen sequel Doomsday Clock, Mr  Freeze is among the villains that attend the underground meeting held by the Riddler that talks about the Superman Theory  When Comedian crashes the meeting, Mr  Freeze's helmet is punctured by a bullet shot by an unseen combatant  In the "Ends of the Earth" story arc of All-Star Batman, Freeze has awoken many people that have been held in cryogenic stasis — using them as an army to steal resources for his research to cure his wife Nora, himself, and all of these people — and plans to release deadly bacteria held in one of the world's oldest ice cores to make a new world, but Batman has injected himself with a cold-resistant virus that becomes airborne when his skin is exposed and is able to kill the spores Several years later due to the events in "Year of the Villain," Lex Luthor gives Mr  Freeze a vial that would cure and furthermore revive his frozen wife  Freeze had to kidnap several women who matched his late wife's characteristics in both mental and physical states, going as far as modifying their DNA to hers in order to experiment with the vial before reviving his wife  In the end, it worked and his wife came back to life cured  She soon took up the name Mrs  Freeze 

Powers, abilities, and equipment
Like most Batman villains, Mr  Freeze plans his crimes about a specific theme; in his case, ice, snow, and cold  An accident caused Mr  Freeze to become genetically altered with a bizarre condition that has irreversibly frozen him to the bone, transforming him into a cold-blooded mutant whose body temperature must always be kept below zero  His altered biology caused his skin cells to become storage units for the cold to help his body chemistry to be comfortably chilled, allowing him to become both entirely immune and adapted to sub-freezing temperatures  Extraordinarily, his age progression has slowed drastically in a suspended animated state; some interpretations also suggest that the chemical he was soaked in was glycerol, a cryo-protectant he intended to use for cryopreservation  His unique physiology makes him immune to most toxins, bacteria, and viruses Freeze has one weapon that is more powerful than his gun, suit, and other cryotechnology: his mind  A profoundly gifted scientific genius with an incredible mind for invention, he is skilled in physics, engineering, genetics, computer science, chemistry, and medical science  His science and technology are even as advanced as Apokilips or those of Lex Luthor  His childhood obsession with cryogenics has led him to become one of the most gifted cryogenicists in Gotham  Victor was also able to build a cryonic life support machine for Catwoman, whose heart was surgically removed by Hush, and was capable of inventing a wide variety of cryotechnology for his extensive array of cryogenic weapons and armor  Freeze is a remarkable medical scientist in his research on the pathology and neuroscience of Nora's neurological illness  His specialization in cryonics has successfully proven his thesis on immortality through suspended animation; preserving his wife in a frozen state to delay her illness until a cure could be found is the best example of his research Combined with his suit, Freeze's strength and durability are augmented to superhuman levels  Freeze's suit protected him from a bomb attack by the Ventriloquist's henchmen but the helmet of the armor was damaged by a sniper, causing the gases to leak due to the pressure  Freeze's strength and durability increased further after receiving a more advanced cryogenic armor, which was less heavy than the previous one, and was capable of withstanding gunshots and explosives  Freeze's most iconic weapon is his freeze gun, capable of creating gusts of cold that approach absolute zero  The gun is also capable of creating a "cold field" and imprison its opponents in a cocoon of ice In the Underworld Unleashed storyline, the demon Neron granted Mr  Freeze the ability to generate subzero temperatures, no longer needing his freeze gun or refrigeration power suit  However, after his encounter with Green Lantern, Donna Troy, and Purgatory in Central Park, he reverted to his original subzero biology  He then gained a new subzero armor and weaponry 

Reception
The character of Mr  Freeze has been analyzed as a stereotypical depiction of a villainous European in fiction  IGN's list of the Top 100 Comic Book Villains of All Time List ranked Mr  Freeze as #67 

Other characters named Mr  Freeze
Robot Mr  Freeze
In Blackhawk, Mr  Freeze appears as a robot created and controlled by Professor Thurman to pose as a villain so that Thurman could use his "Instant Freeze Icing Machine" invention to commit crimes without incriminating himself, but the plan is eventually foiled by the Blackhawks and Thurman is arrested 

Other versions
Flashpoint
In the alternate timeline of Flashpoint, Mr  Freeze attacks the S T A R  Labs in Central City to find a cure for his wife Nora  However, Citizen Cold attacks and uses his cold gun to freeze Mr  Freeze's body  Mr  Freeze tries to escape on robotic legs, but Citizen Cold freezes him to death and tells him that Nora is dead  This version of Mr  Freeze is a friend of Fallout's and pursues revenge against Citizen Cold for murdering him  It is later revealed that radiation produced by Fallout is the cure Mr  Freeze was searching for 

Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles
In Batman/Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles crossover, Mr  Freeze appears mutated into a polar bear as one of the various other Arkham inmates mutated by Shredder and Foot Clan to attack Batman and Robin  Batman is captured, but Robin manages to escape  The Ninja Turtles and Splinter then arrive, where Splinter defeats the mutated villains, while Batman uses his new Intimidator Armor to defeat Shredder and the Turtles defeat Ra's al Ghul  Later, Gordon tells Batman that the police scientists have managed to turn all of the inmates at Arkham back to normal and are currently in A R G U S  custody 

Batman: White Knight
Victor Fries appears in the 2017 series Batman: White Knight  In this series, Victor Fries retires from his criminal lifestyle to focus on curing his wife's disease  It is later revealed that, due to his unique, cryogenically-dependent physiology, Fries's aging had been slowed considerably  His father was a member of the Nazi SS during the Second World War, but acted as a double agent, allowing America to stay one step ahead of Germany on the scientific front  As a result of this, a massive freeze cannon is constructed beneath a lighthouse off the coast of Gotham City  The superweapon is discovered by Neo-Joker (the second Harley Quinn who felt that by taking pills to retain his sanity, Jack Napier was destroying the most beautiful part of himself) and is used to freeze most, if not all, of Gotham  Freeze is able to reverse the effects with the aid of Batgirl  It is also revealed that Fries had been contacted by Batman in an attempt to secure the villain's aid to save the life of Alfred Pennyworth  Unfortunately, their efforts were in vain, with Alfred dying saving Bruce's life using cryotech  Fries's backstory is expanded upon in the Von Freeze one-shot issue: Nora's father and his father Jaocb Smithstein were cryogenic researchers in interwar Germany; with the rise of the Nazis, however, Fries's father became an SS officer to protect their research but was cold and abusive to Victor  After being conscripted to experiment with cryotech on Jewish prisoners, he helps the Smithsteins escape, although Jacob is shot, and makes Victor promise to protect his daughter, Nora  It is also revealed that Victor helped deliver Bruce when Martha went into labor early 

Victor and Nora: A Gotham Love Story
In DC Graphic Novels for Young Adults, Nora and Victor's backgrounds and the beginnings of their romance are the premise of Victor and Nora: A Gotham Love Story, written by Lauren Myracle and with art by Isaac Goodhart, released in November 2020 

In other media
See also
List of Batman family enemies
Passage 2:
Neil Patrick Harris
Neil Patrick Harris (born June 15, 1973) is an American actor, singer, writer, producer, and television host  Primarily known for his comedic television roles and dramatic and musical stage roles, he has received multiple accolades throughout his career, including a Tony Award, five Primetime Emmy Awards, and nominations for a Grammy Award and three Screen Actors Guild Awards 
On television, he is known for playing the title character on the ABC series Doogie Howser, M D  (1989–1993), for which he was nominated for the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Television Series Musical or Comedy, as well as Barney Stinson on the CBS series How I Met Your Mother (2005–2014), for which he was nominated for four Emmy Awards), and Count Olaf on the Netflix series A Series of Unfortunate Events (2017–2019)  Harris is also known for his role as the title character in Joss Whedon's musical Dr  Horrible's Sing-Along Blog (2008) and a fictional version of himself in the Harold & Kumar film series (2004–2011)  His other films include Starship Troopers (1997), Beastly (2011), The Smurfs (2011), The Smurfs 2 (2013), A Million Ways to Die in the West (2014), and Gone Girl (2014) 
In 2010, Harris won two awards at the 62nd Primetime Emmy Awards, winning for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Comedy Series for his guest appearance on Glee, and Outstanding Special Class Program for hosting the Tony Awards in 2009; he has won the latter award three additional times for hosting the show in 2011, 2012, and 2013  He also hosted the Primetime Emmy Awards in 2009 and 2013, and hosted the 87th Academy Awards in 2015, thus making him the first openly gay man to host the Academy Awards  In 2014, he starred in the title role in Hedwig and the Angry Inch on Broadway, for which he won the 2014 Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical  Harris was named one of Time magazine's 100 Most Influential People in 2010 

Early life and education
Harris was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, and grew up in Ruidoso, New Mexico, with his older brother and their parents, Sheila Gail (née Scott; born 1946) and Ronald Gene Harris (born 1946)  His parents were lawyers and also ran a restaurant  He attended La Cueva High School in Albuquerque, graduating with high honors in 1991, which he attributes to being privately tutored half the school year while on set 

Career
Film
Harris began his career as a child actor and was discovered by playwright Mark Medoff at a drama camp in Las Cruces, New Mexico  Medoff later cast him in the 1988 drama film Clara's Heart, starring Whoopi Goldberg and based on the novel of the same name by Joseph Olshan  Clara's Heart earned Harris a Golden Globe nomination  The same year, he starred in Purple People Eater, a children's fantasy 
Harris's first film role as an adult was 1995's Animal Room, although he portrayed a teenager  His subsequent film work has included supporting roles in The Next Best Thing, Undercover Brother, and Starship Troopers  In 2004, Harris played a fictionalized, hyper-womanising, lewd version of himself in the Harold and Kumar stoner comedy films Harold & Kumar Go to White Castle   It was the shift from roles associated with his sanitized "Doogie Howser" character to the more unscrupulous and bawdy part in the Harold & Kumar franchise that liberated Harris and revitalized his acting career, leading to his now-iconic role of Barney Stinson in How I Met Your Mother the following year   He would go on to reprise this role in the sequels: Harold & Kumar Escape from Guantanamo Bay and A Very Harold & Kumar 3D Christmas 
In 2010, Harris provided voice acting for the role of the adult Dick Grayson (Nightwing) in the animated film Batman: Under the Red Hood and the beagle Lou in the film Cats & Dogs: The Revenge of Kitty Galore  The same year, he played the lead in the indie comedy The Best and the Brightest  On March 7, 2010, he made a surprise appearance at the 82nd Academy Awards, delivering the opening musical number  He starred in the films The Smurfs (2011) and The Smurfs 2 (2013)  Harris provided the voice of Steve the Monkey in the Cloudy with a Chance of Meatballs film franchise 
In 2014, Harris showed a more serious side in Gone Girl, directed by David Fincher  Harris co-starred in the film as Desi Collings, the wealthy and obsessed ex-boyfriend of Amy Dunne, played by Rosamund Pike  Harris has said: "I was pinching myself at the opportunity" to work with Fincher  He received general praise from critics for his performance, as did the film On February 22, 2015, Harris hosted the 87th Academy Awards; it was his first time hosting the ceremony, and the first time an openly gay man hosted the Academy Awards In October 2019, it was announced Harris would star in the fourth installment of the Matrix franchise 

Stage
Harris has worked on Broadway in both musical and dramatic roles  He played Tobias Ragg in the 2001 concert performances of Sweeney Todd  In 2002, he performed beside Anne Heche in Proof  In 2003, he took the role of the Emcee in Cabaret alongside Deborah Gibson and Tom Bosley  As a result of his critically acclaimed performance in Cabaret, Harris was named the top-drawing headliner in the role of the Emcee by GuestStarCasting com, outranking fellow celebrity stars John Stamos and Alan Cumming In 2004, he performed the dual role of the Balladeer and Lee Harvey Oswald on Broadway in the revival of Stephen Sondheim's musical Assassins  He also sang the role of Charles (initially played by Anthony Perkins in a 1966 ABC telecast) on the Nonesuch recording of Sondheim's Evening Primrose and portrayed Mark Cohen in the 1997 touring company of the musical Rent, a role he satirized on the January 10, 2009 episode of Saturday Night Live, which he hosted 
In 2010, Harris directed a production of the rock musical Rent at the Hollywood Bowl; he cast his Beastly co-star Vanessa Hudgens as Mimi  In 2011, Harris played the lead role of Bobby in Stephen Sondheim's Company with the New York Philharmonic in concert, opposite Patti LuPone and others  That same year, he directed The Expert at the Card Table at Broad Stage's Edye in Santa Monica, California Harris has hosted the Tony Awards four times: the 63rd Tony Awards on June 7, 2009, the 65th Tony Awards on June 12, 2011, the 66th Tony Awards on June 10, 2012, and the 67th Tony Awards on June 9, 2013  Only Dame Angela Lansbury, with five ceremonies, has hosted the Tony Awards more times  Hosting the Tony Awards has earned him four Primetime Emmy Awards in 2010, 2012, 2013 and 2014 for the 63rd, 65th, 66th and 67th, respectively A week after hosting the Tonys, it was announced that Harris would portray the titular role in the first Broadway production of the rock musical Hedwig and the Angry Inch, which he did from March through August 2014  Harris went on to win the 2014 Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical In 2022, he joined the New York City Center Encores! presentation of Stephen Sondheim's Into the Woods as The Baker opposite Sara Bareilles as The Baker's Wife  The cast also included Heather Headley, Gavin Creel, and Denée Benton  Harris joined the cast as a late replacement for Christian Borle, who had to leave the production before it began  The limited production ran from May 4 to May 15 In 2023, he joined the cast of Peter Pan Goes Wrong for a limited engagement from April 11 to May 7 playing the role of Francis Beaumont 

Television
Beginning in 1989, Harris played the title role of a child prodigy doctor in Doogie Howser, M D , for which he was nominated for a Golden Globe  After the show's four-season run ended in 1993, Harris played a number of guest roles on television series, including Murder, She Wrote  From 1999 to 2000, he starred with Tony Shalhoub in the NBC sitcom Stark Raving Mad, which lasted 22 episodes  He has played lead roles in a number of made-for-television features including Snowbound: The Jim and Jennifer Stolpa Story in 1994, My Ántonia in 1995, The Christmas Wish in 1998, Joan of Arc in 1999, The Wedding Dress in 2001, and The Christmas Blessing in 2005 

From 2005 to 2014, Harris played Barney Stinson, a serial womanizer, in the CBS ensemble sitcom How I Met Your Mother  The role earned him Emmy nominations every year from 2007 to 2010  In 2008, Harris guest-starred on Sesame Street as the Sesame Street Fairy Shoe Person  In 2009, he hosted the 7th Annual TV Land Awards and appeared as a guest judge on Season 9 of American Idol  Harris hosted the 61st Primetime Emmy Awards on September 20, 2009  On August 21, 2010, he won two Emmy Awards at the Creative Arts Emmy Awards ceremony, one of which was for his guest performance in the television series Glee  Harris hosted the 65th Primetime Emmy Awards on September 22, 2013, marking his second time hosting the event After a preview at the San Diego Comic-Con, a musical episode of Batman: The Brave and the Bold featuring Harris as the villainous Music Meister premiered on October 23, 2009, on Cartoon Network  As a character who could make anyone do his bidding by singing, he spent most of the episode singing several original songs  In 2010, Harris filmed a pilot episode for an American adaptation of the British game show The Cube as host, though it was not picked up to series In 2014, Harris turned down the chance to replace David Letterman as host of the Late Show on CBS, stating that he feared he would get bored of the repetition that hosting a nightly talk show would entail  He also rejected the suggestion of replacing Craig Ferguson as host of The Late Late Show on the same grounds, although he claims he was never actually offered either job On September 15, 2015, Best Time Ever with Neil Patrick Harris, a live variety series hosted by Harris on NBC, made its debut but was cancelled after an eight-episode run On January 15, 2016, Netflix cast Harris in the television adaptation of A Series of Unfortunate Events, in which he stars as Count Olaf  It ran for 3 seasons and 25 episodes before ending on January 1, 2019 
On March 31, 2017, NBC picked up Harris's game show titled Genius Junior, the format would test the smarts of the most brilliant children in the country  Harris would serve as host and executive producer  The series received a 10-episode order and debuted on March 18, 2018 In January 2021, Harris starred in the British drama series, It's a Sin, broadcast on Channel 4, depicting the 1980s HIV/AIDS epidemic in the United Kingdom  In June 2021, Harris was announced to be a judge on Australia's Got Talent: Challengers & Champions, a spin-off series of Australia's Got Talent In June 2022, it was announced that Harris would play a villain for the 60th anniversary of Doctor Who  In July 2022, Harris starred in the Netflix series Uncoupled as gay Manhattanite Michael Lawson, a realtor re-navigating the dating scene after 17 years 

Other media
In 2007, Harris worked with Mike Nelson on an audio commentary for RiffTrax  The two "riffed" on the film Willy Wonka & the Chocolate Factory  Harris is a big fan of the cult TV series Nelson worked on, Mystery Science Theater 3000  Harris was interviewed for a 1992 Comedy Central special This Is MST3K hosted by Penn Jillette about the series and its fans  In 2008, Harris played the title role in Joss Whedon's musical web series Dr  Horrible's Sing-Along Blog alongside Nathan Fillion and Felicia Day  The first episode of the series debuted on July 15, 2008  He has also provided his voice for the Disney California Adventure Park attraction California Screamin' On December 11, 2010, Harris hosted the Spike Video Game Awards In October 2014, Harris released a memoir titled Neil Patrick Harris: Choose Your Own Autobiography, which is structured like a Choose Your Own Adventure book  His autobiography spent two weeks on The New York Times Best Seller List  His debut young adult novel, The Magic Misfits, was released in November 2017 and is the first in a four-book series of the same name In October 2020, Harris released a single-player board game named Box One, produced by luxury playing card company Theory11  It is currently available exclusively through Target 
Harris has been a frequent guest narrator at Disney's Candlelight Processional at Walt Disney World 

Personal life
From 1997 to 1998, Harris dated actress Christine Taylor  In a 2008 appearance on The Howard Stern Show, he discussed how the relationship made him realize his true sexuality: "She's the coolest, nicest chick ever  She's an absolute catch, and I thought, 'If I'm not going to feel the super sparks with her    it probably means I'm gay '"Harris publicly came out as gay in November 2006, saying, "I am happy to dispel any rumors or misconceptions and am quite proud to say that I am a very content gay man living my life to the fullest and feel most fortunate to be working with wonderful people in the business I love "Harris attended the Emmy Awards in September 2007 with his fiancé David Burtka, later confirming the relationship  In an interview on The Ellen DeGeneres Show, Harris said his relationship with Burtka began in 2004  On August 14, 2010, Harris announced that he and Burtka were expecting twins via a surrogate mother  Their son and daughter were born on October 12, 2010 Following the passage of the Marriage Equality Act in New York on June 24, 2011, Harris and Burtka announced their engagement via Twitter, stating that they had proposed to each other five years earlier but kept the engagement secret until same-sex marriage became legal  On September 8, 2014, Harris announced on his Twitter page that Burtka and he were married over the weekend in Italy  Pamela Fryman, the long-time director of How I Met Your Mother, officiated the wedding while Elton John performed at the reception   In 2013, the couple bought a townhouse in Harlem which they sold in 2022 for $6 9M Harris is a fan of magic, like his character on How I Met Your Mother  His character in American Horror Story: Freak Show was also a magician  Harris's Glee character performed magic as well  Harris won the Tannen's Magic Louis Award in 2006 and hosted the 2008 World Magic Awards on October 11, 2008  He previously served as the President of the Board of Directors of Hollywood's Magic Castle, from 2011 to 2014  Additionally, Harris and partner David Burtka were guests of honor for a Top Chef Masters episode that took place at the Magic Castle
Context 3: Passage 1:
Can't Hurry Love
Can't Hurry Love is an American sitcom television series created by Gina Wendkos, starring Nancy McKeon that aired on CBS from September 18, 1995, to February 26, 1996 

Premise
The series is about Annie, a single, thirty-something woman living in New York and her three friends: Didi, Roger and Elliot  The general premise of the series centers around love seeking by Annie  Most of the action takes place in either Annie's small apartment or the employment agency she manages  Roger and Elliot work with her at the agency and Didi, the beautiful free spirit of the group, often drops by the agency  or Annie's apartment 

Cast
Nancy McKeon as Annie O'Donnell
Mariska Hargitay as Didi Edelstein
Louis Mandylor as Roger Carlucci
Kevin Crowley as Elliot Tenney

Cancellation
The series was canceled after one season despite having an average household rating of 11 4, tying it for 24th place among all TV shows that year 

Episodes
Passage 2:
Lava Ground
Lava Ground is the debut album from Jamaican reggae artist I Wayne  The album features guest appearances from Fire Chess, Harmony and Fire Star  As well as production from P  Henry, M Miller, O  Hibbert etc  The album includes the hits Living In Love and Can't Satisfy Her 

Track listing
"Life Seeds
"Lava Ground"
"Rastafari Liveth"
"More Life"
"Bleacher"
"Don't Worry"
"Ma Ma and Pa Pa" (feat  Fire Chess)
"Nah Draw Nil"
"Touch Her Softly"
"Ready Fe Live Up"
"Kid Artist"
"Living in Love"
"Conquer" (feat  Fire Star)
"Can't Satisfy Her (Prelude)"
"Can't Satisfy Her"
"Grow Proper"
"Cool as the Breeze"
"Keep Burning Rome" (feat  Harmony)
Passage 3:
John Cowsill
John Patrick Cowsill (born March 2, 1956) is an American musician, best known for his work as a singer and drummer with his siblings' band The Cowsills  He has been a drummer and vocalist for The Beach Boys touring band, which featured original Beach Boy Mike Love and long time member Bruce Johnston  Cowsill has also played keyboards for the "Beach Boys Band" performing Al Jardine's and the late Carl Wilson's vocal parts  He also has performed and recorded with Jan and Dean 

Early life
John Patrick Cowsill was born in Newport, Rhode Island to William "Bud" and Barbara Cowsill  He is the second youngest of seven children (Bill, Richard, Bob, Paul, Barry, John, Susan) 

The Cowsills
In the wake of Beatlemania, John and three of his brothers, Bill, Bob, and Barry, would form their own group solely based around the Liverpool band  Soon after, their mother Barbara and sister Susan would also join  They signed to a label in 1965 and after releasing a few non-commercially successful singles, were transferred to MGM Records in 1967  Their first single with MGM was The Rain, the Park & Other Things 
John mainly backing vocals, although he sang lead on Silver Threads and Golden Needles  From 1967 to 1969, the family group would have more hit songs such as Indian Lake, We Can Fly, and Hair, they split in 1972, although John would re-appear with the band for most of its reformed tenures  The Cowsills were the main inspiration for The Partridge Family 

Tommy Tutone
In the early 1980s, Cowsill recorded with the one-hit wonder band Tommy Tutone, playing percussion and singing back-up vocals on the band's hit, "867-5309/Jenny," although he did not appear in the video 

The Beach Boys
Cowsill began playing with the Beach Boys touring band on keyboards in 2000   He moved to the drums in 2008  His solos for the concerts include "Wild Honey," and "Sail On, Sailor " and also "Darlin" and "California Dreaming" on the 2022 tour  In 2011, Cowsill was confirmed to be performing alongside The Beach Boys on their 50th Anniversary Reunion Tour  Cowsill appears on the band's subsequent studio album, That's Why God Made the Radio (2012)  He also performed on Mike Love's solo albums Unleash the Love (2017) and Reason for the Season (2018) 

Other works
In 2017, Cowsill joined with Vicki Peterson and Bill Mumy as the band Action Skulls to release an album (also including posthumous contributions from the bassist Rick Rosas) entitled Angels Hear For a time, he was part of Dwight Twilley's band, as was his sister Susan Cowsill 

Personal life
In October 2003, he married Vicki Peterson of The Bangles 

Discography
With the Cowsills
With Tommy Tutone
Studio albums
Singles
With The Beach Boys
Albums
That's Why God Made the Radio (2012)

Singles
That's Why God Made the Radio (2012)
Isn't It Time (2012)

Mike Love
Albums
Unleash the Love (2017)
Reason for the Season (2018)
Passage 4:
Platonic love
Platonic love is a type of love in which sexual desire or romantic features are nonexistent or have been suppressed or sublimated, but it means more than simple friendship The term is derived from the name of Greek philosopher Plato, though the philosopher never used the term himself  Platonic love, as devised by Plato, concerns rising through levels of closeness to wisdom and true beauty, from carnal attraction to individual bodies to attraction to souls, and eventually, union with the truth Platonic love is contrasted with romantic love 

Classical philosophical interpretation
Platonic love is examined in Plato's dialogue, the Symposium, which has as its topic the subject of love, or more generally the subject of Eros  It explains the possibilities of how the feeling of love began and how it has evolved, both sexually and non-sexually, and defines genuine platonic love as inspiring a person's mind and soul and directing their attention towards spiritual matters  Of particular importance is the speech of Socrates, who attributes to the prophet Diotima an idea of platonic love as a means of ascent to contemplation of the divine, an ascent known as the "Ladder of Love"  For Diotima and Plato generally, the most correct use of love of human beings is to direct one's mind to love of divinity  Socrates defines love based on separate classifications of pregnancy (to bear offspring); pregnancy of the body, pregnancy of the soul, and direct connection to existence  Pregnancy of the body results in human children  Pregnancy of the soul, the next step in the process, produces "virtue"—which is the soul (truth) translating itself into material form  "    virtue for the Greeks means self-sameness     in Plato's terms, Being or idea "(106)

Eros
Pausanias, in Plato's Symposium (181b–182a), defines two types of the love known as "Eros": vulgar Eros, or earthly love, and divine Eros, or divine love  Pausanias defines vulgar Eros as material attraction towards a person's beauty for the purposes of physical pleasure and reproduction, and divine Eros as starting from physical attraction but transcending gradually to love for supreme beauty, placed on a similar level to the divine  This concept of divine Eros was later transformed into the term "platonic love" 
Vulgar Eros and divine Eros were both considered to be connected, and part of the same continuous process of pursuing perfection of one's being, with the purpose of mending one's human nature and eventually reaching a point of unity where there is no longer an aspiration or need to change 
"Eros is     a moment of transcendence     in so far as the other can never be possessed without being annihilated in its status as the other, at which point both desire and transcendence would cease     (84)

Eros as a god
In the Symposium, Eros is discussed as a Greek god—more specifically, the king of the gods, with each guest of the party giving a eulogy in praise of Eros 

Virtue
Virtue, according to Greek philosophy, is the concept of how closely reality and material form equates good, positive, or benevolent  This can be seen as a form of linguistic relativity 

Some modern authors' perception of the terms "virtue" and "good" as they are translated into English from the Symposium are a good indicator of this misunderstanding  In the following quote, the author simplifies the idea of virtue as simply what is "good" "    what is good is beautiful, and what is beautiful is good    "

Ladder of Love
The Ladder of Love is a metaphor that relates each step toward Being as consecutive rungs of a ladder  Each step closer to the truth further distances love from beauty of the body toward love that is more focused on wisdom and the essence of beauty 
The ladder starts with carnal attraction of body for body, progressing to a love for body and soul  Eventually, in time, with consequent steps up the ladder, the idea of beauty is eventually no longer connected with a body, but entirely united with Being itself "[   ] decent human beings must be gratified, as well as those that are not as yet decent, so that they might become more decent; and the love of the decent must be preserved " (187d, 17) - Eryximachus' "completion" of Pausanias' speech on Eros

Tragedy and comedy
Plato's Symposium defines two extremes in the process of platonic love; the entirely carnal and the entirely ethereal  These two extremes of love are seen by the Greeks in terms of tragedy and comedy  According to Diotima in her discussion with Socrates, for anyone to achieve the final rung in the Ladder of Love, they would essentially transcend the body and rise to immortality—gaining direct access to Being  Such a form of love is impossible for a mortal to achieve 
What Plato describes as "pregnancy of the body" is entirely carnal and seeks pleasure and beauty in bodily form only  This is the type of love, that, according to Socrates, is practiced by animals "Now, if both these portraits of love, the tragic and the comic, are exaggerations, then we could say that the genuine portrayal of Platonic love is the one that lies between them  The love described as the one practiced by those who are pregnant according to the soul, who partake of both the realm of beings and the realm of Being, who grasp Being indirectly, through the mediation of beings, would be a love that Socrates could practice "

Tragedy
Diotima considers the carnal limitation of human beings to the pregnancy of the body to be a form of tragedy, as it separates someone from the pursuit of truth  One would be forever limited to beauty of the body, never being able to access the true essence of beauty 

Comedy
Diotima considers the idea of a mortal having direct access to Being to be a comic situation simply because of the impossibility of it  The offspring of true virtue would essentially lead to a mortal achieving immortality 

Historical views of platonic love
In the Middle Ages, new interest in the works of Plato, his philosophy and his view of love became more popular, spurred on by Georgios Gemistos Plethon during the Councils of Ferrara and Firenze in 1438–1439  Later in 1469, Marsilio Ficino put forward a theory of neo-platonic love, in which he defined love as a personal ability of an individual, which guides their soul towards cosmic processes, lofty spiritual goals and heavenly ideas  The first use of the modern sense of platonic love is considered to be by Ficino in one of his letters 
Though Plato's discussions of love originally centered on relationships which were sexual between members of the same sex, scholar Todd Reeser studies how the meaning of platonic love in Plato's original sense underwent a transformation during the Renaissance, leading to the contemporary sense of nonsexual heterosexual love The English term "platonic" dates back to William Davenant's The Platonick Lovers, performed in 1635, a critique of the philosophy of platonic love which was popular at Charles I's court  The play was derived from the concept in Plato's Symposium of a person's love for the idea of good, which he considered to lie at the root of all virtue and truth  For a brief period, platonic love was a fashionable subject at the English royal court, especially in the circle around Queen Henrietta Maria, the wife of King Charles I  Platonic love was the theme of some of the courtly masques performed in the Caroline era, though the fashion for this soon waned under pressures of social and political change 

Seven types of love
Throughout these eras, platonic love was slowly categorized into seven different classical definitions  These were:

Eros: sexual or passionate love, or a modern perspective of romantic love 
Philia: the love of friendship or goodwill, often met with mutual benefits that can also be formed by companionship, dependability, and trust 
Storge: the love found between parents and children, often a unilateral love 
Agape: the universal love, consisting of love for strangers, nature, or God 
Ludus: playful and uncommitted love, intended for fun with no resulting consequences 
Pragma: love founded on duty and reason, and one's longer-term interests 
Philautia: self-love, both healthy or unhealthy; unhealthy if one places oneself above the gods (to the point of hubris), and healthy if it is used to build self-esteem and confidence Despite the variety and number of definitions, the different distinctions between types of love were not considered concrete and mutually exclusive, and were often considered to blend into one another at certain points 

Modern interpretations
Definition
"Platonic love in its modern popular sense is an affectionate relationship into which the sexual element does not enter, especially in cases where one might easily assume otherwise " "Platonic lovers function to underscore a supportive role where the friend sees [their] duty as the provision of advice, encouragement, and comfort to the other person     and do not entail exclusivity "

Complications
One of the complications of platonic love lies within the persistence of the use of the title itself "platonic love" versus the use of "friend"  It is the use of the word love that directs us towards a deeper relationship than the scope of a normal friendship 

Queerplatonic love
Some in the aromantic and asexual communities, within the broader LGBT community, have coined the term "queerplatonic" to refer to formal intimate relationships between significant others that do not involve romance  Queerplatonic feelings are often described, like romance, as involving a deeper and more profound emotional connection than friendship 
Julie Sondra Decker writes that queerplatonic love often "looks indistinguishable from romance when outside the equation", but should not be "assigned a romantic status if participants say it is not romantic"  She also notes that it can also be misread by observers as close friendship in circumstances where overtly romantic gestures are socially expected  For Decker, the essence of queerplatonic attraction is its ambiguous position in relation to normative categories: she writes that QPR "is a platonic relationship, but it is 'queered' in some way—not friends, not romantic partners, but something else" 

See also
Passage 5:
Ain't Nothin' Stoppin' Us Now
Ain't Nothin' Stoppin' Us Now is an album by Tower of Power released in 1976, the band's first record on Columbia Records  Ron Beck takes up the drummers spot after David Garibaldi exited for a second time 
This also would be the last album to feature bassist Francis "Rocco" Prestia as he would go on an extended hiatus from the band until his return in 1986  It is also the only album to feature vocalist Edward McGee 

Release history
In addition to the standard 2 channel stereo version the album was also released by Columbia in a 4 channel quadraphonic version in 1976 on LP and 8-track tape  The quad LP was encoded with the SQ matrix 
This album was reissued in the UK on the Super Audio CD format in 2016 by Dutton Vocalion  This release contains the complete stereo and quad recordings 

Track listing
"Ain't Nothin' Stoppin' Us Now" (Emilio Castillo, Stephen "Doc" Kupka, David Bartlett) – 3:58
"By Your Side" (Edward McGee, Clifford Coulter) – 4:30
"Make Someone Happy" (Ron E  Beck, Keith Rogers) – 2:47
"Doin' Alright" (Bruce Conte, Coleman Head) – 4:48
"Because I think the World Of You" (Stephen "Doc" Kupka, Frank Biner) – 	3:00
"You Ought To Be Havin' Fun" (Hubert Tubbs, Emilio Castillo, Stephen "Doc" Kupka) – 3:06
"Can't Stand To See The Slaughter" (Stephen "Doc" Kupka, Emilio Castillo) – 2:47
"It's So Nice" (T  Castillo, Emilio Castillo, David Bartlett, Stephen "Doc" Kupka, Frank Biner) – 5:39
"Deal With It" (Chester Thompson) – 3:20
"While We Went To The Moon" (Stephen "Doc" Kupka, David Bartlett, Emilio Castillo) – 4:24

Personnel
Tower of Power

Edward McGee – lead vocals
Chester Thompson – acoustic piano, Fender Rhodes, clavinet, organ, Moog synthesizer, bass pedals, backing vocals, horn arrangements (7, 9, 10), string arrangements and conductor (10)
Bruce Conte – guitars, backing vocals
Francis Rocco Prestia – bass guitar
Ron E  Beck – drums, percussion, backing vocals
Stephen "Doc" Kupka – baritone saxophone
Lenny Pickett – alto saxophone, tenor saxophone, Lyricon, tenor sax solo (1, 2)
Emilio Castillo – tenor saxophone, backing vocals
Mic Gillette – trombone, bass trombone, trumpet, flugelhorn, baritone horn, backing vocals, "superbone" solo (10)
Greg Adams – trumpet, flugelhorn, backing vocals, horn arrangements (1-6, 8), string arrangements and conductor (2, 4, 5, 8), flugelhorn solo (3)Additional musicians

Bill Lamb – trombone (2), trumpet (2), flugelhorn (2)
Tower of Power – horn arrangements (1, 8)
Patricia Henley – backing vocals (1, 2, 4, 5, 6)
Melba Joyce – backing vocals (1, 2, 4, 5, 6)
Ivory Stone – backing vocals (1, 2, 4, 5, 6)
Carol Rogers – backing vocals (3, 9, 10)

Production
Emilio Castillo – producer
Tower of Power – producers
Alan Chinowsky – production assistant, engineer, mixing
Bob Edwards – engineer, assistant engineer
Jim Gaines – mixing
Rich Ehrman – assistant engineer, mix assistant
Bruce Steinberg – art direction, design, photographyStudios

Recorded at Kendun Recorders (Burbank, California); Record Plant, Los Angeles (California); Record Plant, Sausalito (California); CBS Studios (San Francisco, California) 
Mixed at Record Plant, Sausalito 
Passage 6:
Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick
"Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick / Ningyo" is a song by Japanese singer Namie Amuro from her eighth studio album Play (2007)  It was released as a single on May 17, 2006, by Avex Trax, as the album's second single



ground_truth: TML Entertainment

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: In Batman Under the Red Hood, who does the actor of Barney Stinson from How I Met Your Mother play?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 

Philanthropy
Alongside his acting career, Harris has supported and contributed to various charities, organization, and foundations  These include:

In October 2014, Harris attended a dinner for the Elton John AIDS Foundation and in September 2016, he and his husband were the honorary hosts of a culinary cookout to help raise money for the Alex's Lemonade Stand Foundation  In April 2019, Harris hosted WE Day California, a charity event that celebrates students who have made a change in their community 

Discography
Cast recordings
Singles
Acting credits
Film
Television
Theater
Web
Video games
Bibliography
Audiobooks
2014: Neil Patrick Harris: Choose Your Own Autobiography (read by the author), Random House Audio, ISBN 978-0-385-36794-3

Awards and nominations
See also
LGBT culture in New York City
List of LGBT people from New York City
Passage 3:
The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)
Tracy McConnell ("The Mother") is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother  The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met his children's mother  Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from "Lucky Penny" to "The Time Travelers", as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in "Something New" and was promoted to a main character in season 9  She is played by Cristin Milioti 
The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment  Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Robin Scherbatsky's (Cobie Smulders) wedding; this scene is shown in "Last Forever", the series finale  The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans 

Casting
During its first eight seasons, the sitcom How I Met Your Mother often hinted at the unseen character of The Mother  Well-known actresses often made guest appearances on the show  Many fans expected that another would play the role, but creators Carter Bays and Craig Thomas wanted an unknown  Using Anne Hathaway and Amy Adams as examples, Thomas said that "We didn't want it to be a big famous star because we didn't want the wider audience to have associations with whatever actress this would be  The whole idea is that Ted's never seen this woman before, so it better feel that way to the audience", similar to how Cobie Smulders being cast as Robin Scherbatsky had "kept the show alive" when it began  They also did not want a large casting call Bays and Thomas chose Cristin Milioti after seeing her on 30 Rock and Once; her musical ability was also helpful, as The Mother had been described as a band member  Milioti filmed her first scene for the last episode of season 8 having never watched How I Met Your Mother before  She only learned of the character's importance after binge watching the show during the summer 

Character history
The Mother was born on September 19, 1984 The Mother, joined by her roommate Kelly (Ahna O'Reilly), awaits the arrival of her boyfriend Max, only to receive a call informing her of his death  After the funeral service, she returns to the apartment to open Max's last gift to her—a ukulele  The Mother spends the next few years grieving the passing of the man she believes was her one true love In "Wait for It", the short story of how they met involving her yellow umbrella is revealed  In "No Tomorrow", Ted finds the umbrella at a club and takes it home after attending a St  Patrick's Day party which she also attended, as it had been two and a half years since Max's death  She is still grieving, but Kelly encourages her to go out and date again, bringing her to the same bar where Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Ted are celebrating  The two women run into Mitch (Adam Paul), her old orchestra instructor; The Mother offers to give Mitch her cello for his work at a school and they head to her apartment  Mitch tries to seduce her with a move called "The Naked Man", but she turns him down  Nevertheless, Mitch encourages her to pursue her dreams  The Mother expresses her desire to end poverty by taking up economics in college On his first day of teaching as Professor Mosby, as seen in the season 4 finale "The Leap", he is seen in front of the classroom of students, one of which Future Ted says is the titular mother  But in the first episode of season 5, "Definitions", it is revealed that he was actually in the wrong classroom—Economics instead of Architecture  At the same time in "How Your Mother Met Me", the Mother sits her first session in Economics 305 and meets another graduate student named Cindy (Rachel Bilson), whom she offers to move in with as her roommate  They see Ted enter the room, but when he announces the subject, The Mother thinks she is in the wrong room and runs off  She heads back to the room after seeing Ted scramble to his actual classroom 
Later, in "Girls Versus Suits", Ted dates Cindy, not knowing that her roommate is his future wife  Throughout the episode, Ted notes that Cindy had spent most of their first date talking jealously about her roommate  When in Cindy and the Mother's apartment he picks up many of The Mother's belongings, attempting to show how compatible he and Cindy are (thinking the items are Cindy's) and glimpses the mother's foot as she disappears into her room after taking a shower  Ted finds out at this time that she plays bass guitar in a band  Ted forgets to take the yellow umbrella with him when he goes out and Future Ted mentions, "And your mom     well, she got her yellow umbrella back " In "How Your Mother Met Me", it is revealed that after Ted left the apartment, the Mother had discovered the umbrella and, upon going to question Cindy, finds her crying  As the Mother tried to console her, Cindy kissed her, revealing that her jealousy towards her roommate was actually a crush  While this incident made Cindy realize that she was a lesbian, it also made the Mother decide to get back into dating, as the kiss was her first in a long time 
Some time after this, a man named Darren (Andrew Rannells) approaches the Mother and is welcomed into her band, Superfreakonomics  Darren gradually takes over the band, and becomes her nemesis In the season 6 opener "Big Days" it is revealed Ted meets his future wife "the day of" the wedding at which he is the best man  In the episode "False Positive" Robin asks Ted to be her future best man, should she ever get married  In the episode "Challenge Accepted", it is revealed that Ted meets the mother of his children the day of Barney's wedding  In the last episode of season 7, "The Magician's Code" it is shown that Barney will marry Robin, and Ted will meet the Mother the day of their wedding  In the premiere of season 8, Ted's wife appears after Barney and Robin's wedding, outside at the "Farhampton" station while holding a yellow umbrella and her bass guitar, though her face is not seen 
In the season 8 episode "Band or DJ?", Ted runs into Cindy and her partner on the subway and tells them that the band Barney and Robin hired to play at their wedding cancelled at the last minute  The end result of the encounter is that Cindy's (now ex-) roommate's band plays at Barney and Robin's wedding 
The Mother is first shown meeting Louis (Louis Ferrigno Jr ) in "How Your Mother Met Me" as she is left to carry the band equipment while the now-lead band member Darren talks to his fans  Later at MacLaren's Pub, she tells him she is not yet ready to date  Louis asks her to give him a call if she changes her mind, and they begin dating not long after  They live together for the next two years, but she knows deep down that she does not love him 
The Mother meets all of Ted's best friends—Barney, Robin, Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), and Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel)—before she meets him  The Mother is responsible for convincing Barney to pursue Robin, as revealed through a flashback in "Platonish"  In "The Locket", Tracy meets Lily on a train journey 
In "Bass Player Wanted", the Mother picks up a hitchhiking Marshall, carrying his infant son Marvin, on her way to Farhampton Inn  On their way, it is revealed that the Mother is the bass player in the band that is scheduled to play at the wedding reception, but Darren forced her to quit  The Mother ultimately decides to confront Darren and retake control of the band  Before she can, however, Darren walks up to her, furious the groom's best man punched him "for no reason", and quits the band 
In "How Your Mother Met Me", it is shown that after this incident, the Mother returns to Louis' summer cottage not far from where she had been staying for the duration of the wedding weekend  As she walks in the door, Louis proposes to her, but she goes outside to think about it for a few minutes  She looks skyward and asks Max for permission to let him go and move on; she takes a sudden gust of wind as a "yes", says goodbye, and declines Louis' proposal when she goes back inside  She leaves his cottage and checks in at Farhampton Inn  On her room's balcony, she plays the ukulele and sings "La Vie en Rose"  Ted hears her singing from his room next door 
In "Gary Blauman", Ted and the Mother are on their first date  Ted picks her up at her New York City apartment and they proceed to walk to a Scottish-Mexican fusion restaurant for dinner  On the way there, Ted is telling her a story when they nearly have a run-in with Louis  She says that she is in the "weirdest place on earth" right now and that it is too soon for her to be dating  Ted walks her back to her apartment  They say goodnight and Ted begins to walk away  The Mother then stops him and asks him to finish the story he was telling her  When the story is over, they say goodnight again  The Mother takes a step towards Ted and they kiss for the first time, before deciding to carry on their date 
In a flashforward in "The Lighthouse", Ted proposes to the Mother at the top of the lighthouse near Farhampton Inn  She immediately accepts  In another flashfoward in "Unpause", the Mother is revealed to be pregnant with their second child, Luke, in the year 2017  She goes into labor while she and Ted are staying at Farhampton 

Name
The Mother's real name—Tracy McConnell—is not confirmed until the series finale, "Last Forever", when Ted meets her at the Farhampton train station  The name was hinted at in the season 1 episode "Belly Full of Turkey": Ted meets a stripper named Tracy and says "   that, kids, is the true story of how I met your mother"  The children are horrified, but then he says he is joking, which led some fans to correctly guess that the Mother's name is Tracy 

Fate
In the series finale, it is revealed that six years prior to Ted telling the story to his children, Tracy died in 2024 from an undisclosed illness  In the finale, the characters do not directly state that the Mother is dead  Ted says that she "became sick" and his children said that she has been "gone" for six years  Many fans expressed considerable disappointment with the Mother's death  Milioti cried when she learned her character was supposed to die, but came to accept the ending was what the writers had planned from the beginning  Bill Kuchman from Popculturology said that the Mother was "an amazing character" and that "over the course of this final season HIMYM made us care about Tracy  Kuchman said that "asking fans to drop all of that with a simple line about The Mother getting sick and passing away was a very difficult request", that the finale "advanced too quickly" and that "HIMYM was a victim of its own success on this issue" A petition was started, aiming to rewrite and reshoot the finale  The petition had over 20,000 signatures and considerable online news coverage  On April 5, 2014, Carter Bays announced on Twitter that an alternate ending would be included on the Season 9 DVD  No new material was shot for this scene  In the alternate ending, The Mother is still living when Ted is telling the story in 2030  Future Ted is heard saying, "   When I think how lucky I am to wake up next to your mom every morning, I can't help but be amazed how easy it all really was   ", indirectly stating that The Mother is alive  The video ends right after the train passes at Farhampton station and credits start rolling, implying that Ted never went back to Robin and went on to have a long, happy marriage with Tracy 

Notes
Passage 4:
The Mother (How I Met Your Mother)
Tracy McConnell ("The Mother") is the title character from the CBS television sitcom How I Met Your Mother  The show, narrated by Future Ted (Bob Saget), tells the story of how Ted Mosby (Josh Radnor) met his children's mother  Tracy McConnell appears in eight episodes, from "Lucky Penny" to "The Time Travelers", as an unseen character; she was first seen fully in "Something New" and was promoted to a main character in season 9  She is played by Cristin Milioti 
The story of how Ted met The Mother is the framing device behind the series; many facts about her are revealed throughout the series, including that Ted once unwittingly owned her umbrella before accidentally leaving it behind in her apartment  Ted and The Mother meet at the Farhampton train station following Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Robin Scherbatsky's (Cobie Smulders) wedding; this scene is shown in "Last Forever", the series finale  The Mother's death from an unspecified terminal illness in 2024, also revealed in the series finale, received a mixed reaction from fans 

Casting
During its first eight seasons, the sitcom How I Met Your Mother often hinted at the unseen character of The Mother  Well-known actresses often made guest appearances on the show  Many fans expected that another would play the role, but creators Carter Bays and Craig Thomas wanted an unknown  Using Anne Hathaway and Amy Adams as examples, Thomas said that "We didn't want it to be a big famous star because we didn't want the wider audience to have associations with whatever actress this would be  The whole idea is that Ted's never seen this woman before, so it better feel that way to the audience", similar to how Cobie Smulders being cast as Robin Scherbatsky had "kept the show alive" when it began  They also did not want a large casting call Bays and Thomas chose Cristin Milioti after seeing her on 30 Rock and Once; her musical ability was also helpful, as The Mother had been described as a band member  Milioti filmed her first scene for the last episode of season 8 having never watched How I Met Your Mother before  She only learned of the character's importance after binge watching the show during the summer 

Character history
The Mother was born on September 19, 1984 The Mother, joined by her roommate Kelly (Ahna O'Reilly), awaits the arrival of her boyfriend Max, only to receive a call informing her of his death  After the funeral service, she returns to the apartment to open Max's last gift to her—a ukulele  The Mother spends the next few years grieving the passing of the man she believes was her one true love In "Wait for It", the short story of how they met involving her yellow umbrella is revealed  In "No Tomorrow", Ted finds the umbrella at a club and takes it home after attending a St  Patrick's Day party which she also attended, as it had been two and a half years since Max's death  She is still grieving, but Kelly encourages her to go out and date again, bringing her to the same bar where Barney Stinson (Neil Patrick Harris) and Ted are celebrating  The two women run into Mitch (Adam Paul), her old orchestra instructor; The Mother offers to give Mitch her cello for his work at a school and they head to her apartment  Mitch tries to seduce her with a move called "The Naked Man", but she turns him down  Nevertheless, Mitch encourages her to pursue her dreams  The Mother expresses her desire to end poverty by taking up economics in college On his first day of teaching as Professor Mosby, as seen in the season 4 finale "The Leap", he is seen in front of the classroom of students, one of which Future Ted says is the titular mother  But in the first episode of season 5, "Definitions", it is revealed that he was actually in the wrong classroom—Economics instead of Architecture  At the same time in "How Your Mother Met Me", the Mother sits her first session in Economics 305 and meets another graduate student named Cindy (Rachel Bilson), whom she offers to move in with as her roommate  They see Ted enter the room, but when he announces the subject, The Mother thinks she is in the wrong room and runs off  She heads back to the room after seeing Ted scramble to his actual classroom 
Later, in "Girls Versus Suits", Ted dates Cindy, not knowing that her roommate is his future wife  Throughout the episode, Ted notes that Cindy had spent most of their first date talking jealously about her roommate  When in Cindy and the Mother's apartment he picks up many of The Mother's belongings, attempting to show how compatible he and Cindy are (thinking the items are Cindy's) and glimpses the mother's foot as she disappears into her room after taking a shower  Ted finds out at this time that she plays bass guitar in a band  Ted forgets to take the yellow umbrella with him when he goes out and Future Ted mentions, "And your mom     well, she got her yellow umbrella back " In "How Your Mother Met Me", it is revealed that after Ted left the apartment, the Mother had discovered the umbrella and, upon going to question Cindy, finds her crying  As the Mother tried to console her, Cindy kissed her, revealing that her jealousy towards her roommate was actually a crush  While this incident made Cindy realize that she was a lesbian, it also made the Mother decide to get back into dating, as the kiss was her first in a long time 
Some time after this, a man named Darren (Andrew Rannells) approaches the Mother and is welcomed into her band, Superfreakonomics  Darren gradually takes over the band, and becomes her nemesis In the season 6 opener "Big Days" it is revealed Ted meets his future wife "the day of" the wedding at which he is the best man  In the episode "False Positive" Robin asks Ted to be her future best man, should she ever get married  In the episode "Challenge Accepted", it is revealed that Ted meets the mother of his children the day of Barney's wedding  In the last episode of season 7, "The Magician's Code" it is shown that Barney will marry Robin, and Ted will meet the Mother the day of their wedding  In the premiere of season 8, Ted's wife appears after Barney and Robin's wedding, outside at the "Farhampton" station while holding a yellow umbrella and her bass guitar, though her face is not seen 
In the season 8 episode "Band or DJ?", Ted runs into Cindy and her partner on the subway and tells them that the band Barney and Robin hired to play at their wedding cancelled at the last minute  The end result of the encounter is that Cindy's (now ex-) roommate's band plays at Barney and Robin's wedding 
The Mother is first shown meeting Louis (Louis Ferrigno Jr ) in "How Your Mother Met Me" as she is left to carry the band equipment while the now-lead band member Darren talks to his fans  Later at MacLaren's Pub, she tells him she is not yet ready to date  Louis asks her to give him a call if she changes her mind, and they begin dating not long after  They live together for the next two years, but she knows deep down that she does not love him 
The Mother meets all of Ted's best friends—Barney, Robin, Lily Aldrin (Alyson Hannigan), and Marshall Eriksen (Jason Segel)—before she meets him  The Mother is responsible for convincing Barney to pursue Robin, as revealed through a flashback in "Platonish"  In "The Locket", Tracy meets Lily on a train journey 
In "Bass Player Wanted", the Mother picks up a hitchhiking Marshall, carrying his infant son Marvin, on her way to Farhampton Inn  On their way, it is revealed that the Mother is the bass player in the band that is scheduled to play at the wedding reception, but Darren forced her to quit  The Mother ultimately decides to confront Darren and retake control of the band  Before she can, however, Darren walks up to her, furious the groom's best man punched him "for no reason", and quits the band 
In "How Your Mother Met Me", it is shown that after this incident, the Mother returns to Louis' summer cottage not far from where she had been staying for the duration of the wedding weekend  As she walks in the door, Louis proposes to her, but she goes outside to think about it for a few minutes  She looks skyward and asks Max for permission to let him go and move on; she takes a sudden gust of wind as a "yes", says goodbye, and declines Louis' proposal when she goes back inside  She leaves his cottage and checks in at Farhampton Inn  On her room's balcony, she plays the ukulele and sings "La Vie en Rose"  Ted hears her singing from his room next door 
In "Gary Blauman", Ted and the Mother are on their first date  Ted picks her up at her New York City apartment and they proceed to walk to a Scottish-Mexican fusion restaurant for dinner  On the way there, Ted is telling her a story when they nearly have a run-in with Louis  She says that she is in the "weirdest place on earth" right now and that it is too soon for her to be dating  Ted walks her back to her apartment  They say goodnight and Ted begins to walk away  The Mother then stops him and asks him to finish the story he was telling her  When the story is over, they say goodnight again  The Mother takes a step towards Ted and they kiss for the first time, before deciding to carry on their date 
In a flashforward in "The Lighthouse", Ted proposes to the Mother at the top of the lighthouse near Farhampton Inn  She immediately accepts  In another flashfoward in "Unpause", the Mother is revealed to be pregnant with their second child, Luke, in the year 2017  She goes into labor while she and Ted are staying at Farhampton 

Name
The Mother's real name—Tracy McConnell—is not confirmed until the series finale, "Last Forever", when Ted meets her at the Farhampton train station  The name was hinted at in the season 1 episode "Belly Full of Turkey": Ted meets a stripper named Tracy and says "   that, kids, is the true story of how I met your mother"  The children are horrified, but then he says he is joking, which led some fans to correctly guess that the Mother's name is Tracy 

Fate
In the series finale, it is revealed that six years prior to Ted telling the story to his children, Tracy died in 2024 from an undisclosed illness  In the finale, the characters do not directly state that the Mother is dead  Ted says that she "became sick" and his children said that she has been "gone" for six years  Many fans expressed considerable disappointment with the Mother's death  Milioti cried when she learned her character was supposed to die, but came to accept the ending was what the writers had planned from the beginning  Bill Kuchman from Popculturology said that the Mother was "an amazing character" and that "over the course of this final season HIMYM made us care about Tracy  Kuchman said that "asking fans to drop all of that with a simple line about The Mother getting sick and passing away was a very difficult request", that the finale "advanced too quickly" and that "HIMYM was a victim of its own success on this issue" A petition was started, aiming to rewrite and reshoot the finale  The petition had over 20,000 signatures and considerable online news coverage  On April 5, 2014, Carter Bays announced on Twitter that an alternate ending would be included on the Season 9 DVD  No new material was shot for this scene  In the alternate ending, The Mother is still living when Ted is telling the story in 2030  Future Ted is heard saying, "   When I think how lucky I am to wake up next to your mom every morning, I can't help but be amazed how easy it all really was   ", indirectly stating that The Mother is alive  The video ends right after the train passes at Farhampton station and credits start rolling, implying that Ted never went back to Robin and went on to have a long, happy marriage with Tracy 

Notes
Passage 5:
Batman: Under the Red Hood
Batman: Under the Red Hood is a 2010 American animated superhero action thriller direct-to-video film produced by Warner Bros  Animation and released by Warner Home Video  It is the eighth film of the DC Universe Animated Original Movies  The writer, Judd Winick, also wrote the "Under the Hood" run in the monthly Batman comic the film is based on  The film was released on July 27, 2010, and received highly positive reviews from critics, who praised its plot, animation, and focus on storytelling  It is generally considered to be one of the best in the DC Universe Animated Original Movies line  The film was also a commercial success, grossing over $12 million in home video sales 
The two-disc special edition and Blu-ray also includes an animated short featuring Jonah Hex  An interactive short spiritual sequel/film adaptation, Batman: Death in the Family, was released on October 13, 2020,  ten years after Red Hood 

Plot
Ra's al Ghul realizes his mistake in hiring the Joker to use him as a distraction while he destroyed Europe's financial districts after learning that he has captured Jason Todd, the second Robin, Batman's partner  In Sarajevo, Bosnia, Joker brutally assaults Jason, in an abandoned warehouse with a crowbar  Jason is locked in the warehouse with a bomb, which explodes and kills him before Batman arrives 
Five years later in Gotham City, a mysterious vigilante called Red Hood assembles a meeting of the city's most prominent drug dealers  He announces a takeover of their drug trade, taking only 40% of the profit while offering them protection from both Black Mask and Batman - under punishment of death to anyone caught dealing drugs to children 
Batman stops an attempted theft of a shipment belonging to Black Mask, which is the advanced android Amazo  Batman destroys Amazo with the help of Jason's predecessor Dick Grayson a k a  Nightwing and discovers the thieves are working for Red Hood who then kills them  He chases Red Hood to Ace Chemicals, where an explosion destroys the facility  Batman and Nightwing interrogate Joker at Arkham Asylum about Red Hood, but he denies involvement 

Black Mask puts a hit on Red Hood for Amazo's destruction  Batman and Nightwing prevent Red Hood from hijacking Black Mask's next weapon shipment  They chase Red Hood to a train station, where he escapes after detonating a bomb, which injures Nightwing  Batman and Nightwing realize Red Hood is trained and has knowledge of Batman's tactics and gear  A review of audio footage of the chase reveals Red Hood knows Batman's secret identity 
Batman recalls Jason performing the same maneuvers as Robin and that Jason grew more violent and bloodthirsty as he aged, with Batman having to stop him many times from nearly killing criminals  The Fearsome Hand of 4 lure out Red Hood and nearly overpower him until Batman helps incapacitate three of them and Red Hood kills the fourth, horrifying Batman  Red Hood explains he is doing what Batman will not: killing criminals who are not afraid 
Batman analyzes a blood sample of Red Hood drawn from the battle and it matches Jason's  After discovering Jason's corpse is fake, Batman confronts Ra's al Ghul and demands to know the truth  Ra's explains that he felt responsible for Jason's death and, as a peace offering, he swapped Jason's body for a fake and revived him in the Lazarus Pit  Following his resurrection, Jason was driven insane and escaped 
After surviving an assassination attempt by Red Hood, Black Mask sets Joker free, tasking him with killing Red Hood  However, Joker instead abducts Black Mask and the drug dealers and plans to set them on fire; Red Hood appears and reveals his real target all along has been the Joker  Batman saves the hostages and Red Hood takes Joker  Red Hood brutally beats Joker in revenge for his own murder and confronts Batman 
During the fight, Red Hood removes his helmet, confirming he is Jason  Their fight makes its way to the dilapidated building where Jason is keeping the Joker and ends with Jason holding Batman at gunpoint  Though he has forgiven Batman for not saving him, Jason is upset and angry that Joker is still alive after killing him  Batman admits he has thought constantly about torturing and killing the Joker but will not, fearing he will not stop if he kills even once 
Jason tosses Batman a gun and gives him an ultimatum – he will execute the Joker unless Batman shoots him  Batman refuses and drops the gun, causing Jason to shoot at him  Batman throws a batarang, which jams Jason's pistol  When Jason pulls the trigger again, the gun is destroyed and his right hand gets mangled  Defeated, Jason sets off a time bomb and Batman subdues Joker before attempting to save Jason 
The bomb explodes; Batman and Joker survive but Jason is gone  Joker is returned to Arkham and Black Mask is arrested for his involvement in the Joker's escape  At the Batcave, Alfred offers to remove the glass case display of Jason's Robin costume after everything that has happened, but Bruce refuses, claiming it doesn't change anything 
A final flashback shows Jason's first day as Robin, which he cheerfully declares is the best day of his life 

Cast
Crew
Andrea Romano – Voice Director

Music
The score for Batman: Under the Red Hood was composed by Christopher Drake, who had previously scored several animated films set in the DC Universe  It was inspired by the soundtracks of Batman: Mask of the Phantasm which features a traditional orchestral score and The Dark Knight which features a computer generated, electronic score  Drake said that since Under the Red Hood has a darker tone than previous DC Universe animated films, he chose not to use the music as epic and melodramatic instead opting for a more intimate, minimal and restrained tone  He added that this is the first DC film he has scored that didn't rely on using a large choir to make the fight scenes sound bigger  Drake scored the film as a reference to modern minimalist electronic scores because the film's director Brandon Vietti felt that Under the Red Hood needed to go in a different, more modern direction to separate it from previous DC animation scores  At that point, Drake introduced more electronic and ambient elements, like synthesized and processed electronic guitar, while retaining orchestral elements Batman: Under The Red Hood – Soundtrack to The Animated Original Movie was released by WaterTower Music on July 27, 2010 and features 18 tracks composed for the film 

Commercial performance
The film grossed over $12 million in domestic home video sales, making it one of the highest grossing DC animated films 

Critical reception
Batman: Under the Red Hood received positive reviews from critics who praised the film's direction, animation, emotional weight of the story, and voice acting particularly for Jensen Ackles  On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 100% based on reviews from seven critics, with an average rating of a 7 3/10  
Demeter's review for The World's Finest stated: "I have to say this really was a damn good film"  James Harvey's review on the same website was even more positive, calling it "a mature and faithful take on the Batman lore"  IGN gave the movie an 8 out of 10, calling it "An interesting peek inside the psyche of Batman and the fine line between good and evil"  It was the highest rated direct-to-video Batman film until the release of The Dark Knight Returns 

Continuation
A follow-up film titled Batman: Death in the Family was released on October 13, 2020, a decade after Under the Red Hood with Greenwood, Martella, and DiMaggio reprising their roles  Zehra Fazal plays Talia al Ghul and Gary Cole plays both Two-Face and Commissioner Gordon  It is an interactive narrative where the viewer chooses what happens in the story 
Passage 6:
The Foresters
The Foresters or, Robin Hood and Maid Marian is a play written by Alfred Tennyson and first produced with success in New York in 1892   A set of incidental music in nine movements was composed for the play by Arthur Sullivan 
The success of the first production led to productions in seven other American cities   A production opened in London in 1893   Although the play was not well received in England, Sullivan's incidental music was praised 

The play
Sullivan and Tennyson had worked together before, on a song cycle for tenor, The Window, written and composed in 1867–68, but not published until 1871   Sullivan and Tennyson did not find working together on The Window congenial and did not attempt work together again for over twenty years   Meanwhile, Tennyson had written a play, The Cup, that was produced with success by Henry Irving at the Lyceum Theatre in 1881   Encouraged by this, Tennyson started work on a play based on the Robin Hood legend, completing it after a visit to Sherwood Forest in October 1881   But Irving rejected the play on the grounds that it was not dramatic enough for his audiences at the Lyceum, who were accustomed to his sensational productions   Tennyson turned to other projects, setting The Foresters aside for several years   In 1888, American actress Mary Anderson decided to produce The Cup   Tennyson suggested that she also produce The Foresters, but again the play was set aside   In 1891, however, Anderson's brother, Joseph wrote to the American impresario Augustin Daly recommending that The Foresters would be a good project for him and his star actress Ada Rehan   Daly was enthusiastic about the play and, by September 1891, agreed to arrange a New York production   By then, Tennyson was 82 years old The text, consisting of a mixture of blank verse and prose, contained songs and dances which Daly, at Tennyson's suggestion, approached Sullivan to compose   Daly made numerous changes to Tennyson's text, cutting dialogue, moving events from one act to another, and reassigning songs and dialogue to different characters  Henry Widmer, Daly's musical assistant, may have contributed some music to the score  Sullivan completed the score by December 1891, and the play opened in New York on 17 March 1892  The piece starred Rehan as Marian and John Drew Jr  as Robin  It was a hit and was then played in seven other major American cities, becoming Tennyson's greatest theatrical success  A single performance of the play was given at the Lyceum Theatre in London on the same day as the first New York performance to secure the British copyright An English production opened at the new Daly's Theatre, in London, on 3 October 1893, by which time the author had died  It starred Rehan and Arthur Bourchier   Despite the respect in which Lord Tennyson was held, the play received poor notices in London, being called "tedious" and compared with a nursery tale, and ran for only seventeen performances   Sullivan's music, by contrast, was initially well reviewed  The Illustrated Sporting and Dramatic News, for example, wrote that the songs were "set with rare taste, discrimination and melody by Sir Arthur Sullivan, whose delightful music gives charm and interest" Sullivan's biographers and scholars of his work have been unanimous in censuring Tennyson's text  Gervase Hughes wrote, "How did the author of The Idylls of the King come to put his name to such puerile rubbish?"  Arthur Jacobs called the piece "perhaps the oddest of all the stage works which [Sullivan] was invited to undertake "  Percy Young scoffed, "Devoid of any kind of merit whatsoever "  But some of them did not warmly review Sullivan's score either: "One of Sullivan's lamest    resourceless in magic" (Young); "[not] even one memorable number" (Jacobs)   Recent critics, however, have praised Sullivan's contribution 

Roles and original cast
Original New York cast shown, with changes in London cast noted   Vocal ranges noted for roles that sing parts in the incidental music:

King Richard, Coeur de Lion – George Clarke
Prince John – John Craig
Robin Hood, Earl of Huntingdon – John Drew, Jr  (Arthur Bourchier in London)
Sir Richard Lea – Charles Wheatleigh (Henry Loraine in London)
The Abbot of St  Mary's – Thomas Bridgeland (Lloyd Lowndes in London)
The Sheriff of Nottingham – Charles LeClercq
A Justiciary – William Gilbert
Walter Lea, Son of Sir Richard Lea – Ralph Nisbet (Robb Harwood in London)
Followers of Robin Hood:Little John – Herbert Gresham
Friar Tuck – Eugene Jepson (William Owen in London)
Will Scarlet (tenor) – Hobart Bosworth
Old Much – Tyrone Power (Sidney Herbert in London)Maid Marian, Daughter of Sir Richard Lea (mezzo-soprano) – Ada Rehan
Kate, Attendant on Marian (soprano) – Kitty Cheatham (Catherine Lewis in London)
Titania (soprano) – Percy Haswell
First Fairy (soprano) – Miss Massoni (Gaston Murray in London)
Retainers, Messengers, Merry Men, Mercenaries, Friars, Beggars, Sailors, Peasants, etc 

Musical numbers
The nine musical numbers, with the opening lines of text for each, are as follows:

Recording
A recording was made of the music in 2004 by the New London Orchestra, the London Chorus and soloists conducted by Ronald Corp  It is published on the Hyperion label   The Northamptonshire Theatre Orchestra and A La Carte & Friends performed the piece at the 2008 International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival claiming that theirs was the first live performance with orchestra since the nineteenth century 

Notes
Context 3:  Although she has had Japanese song titles prior to signing with Avex Trax, "Ningyo" or "人魚" which means mermaid, is her first with the label  "Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick" is featured on the album Play, although the latter A-side, "Ningyo" or "人魚", was excluded 

Background
In 1994 Amuro appeared in the drama "Toki wo Kakeru Shoujo" which used the original "Ningyo" as its ending theme song 
During the release of Queen of Hip-Pop (2005) to "White Light / Violet Sauce" (2005), Namie predominantly worked with producer/songwriter, Nao'ymt  This single reunites her with producers T Kura and Michico who crafted many of her early R&B hits in 2003  "Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick," produced by the pair has been described as a funky summer dance tune  The other a-side, "Ningyo," is a cover of Japanese artist, Nokko, who made the song a massive hit in 1994, and is a theme song of TV drama "Toki o Kakeru Shojo" in which Amuro played a younger sister of Yuki Uchida who is a leading actor 
For the production of the music video for "Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick", Namie teamed up with American choreographer Shawnette Heard  Shawnette Heard has danced and choreographed routines for many of the world's biggest musical artists including Christina Aguilera, Janet Jackson, Michael Jackson, Madonna, Ricky Martin, Mýa, and many more 
On May 17, 2006, along with the release of the single her complete solo catalog was released to iTunes Japan  Immediately afterwards, "Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick" and "Ningyo" ranked #4 and #6 respectively 

Commercial endorsements
"Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick" was used in commercials for ringtone service sites, Mu-Mo and Iromelo Mix DX  "Ningyo" was also used in commercials for Mu-Mo 

Music video
The promotional video for "Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick" debuted on music channel, VMC on May 1, 2006  Directed by longtime collaborator, Masashi Muto, the video focuses entirely on a dance routine choreographed by Shawnette Heard  It is also reminiscent of Kylie Minogue's "Can't Get You Out of My Head" (2001) as a majority of it is filmed in a dark room entirely adorned in lights  It was also filmed on top of a skyscraper roof engulfed in lights from the skyscrapers in the background  The video was named VMC's "Video of the Month" for May and was played in heavy rotation on the channel 
A promotional video for "Ningyo" was also filmed and premiered on the music video outlet M-ON on May 9, 2006  Based on the story of The Tale of the Bamboo Cutter, the video begins with a shot of a full moon that morphs into window  The window opens to show Amuro sitting on a rock before a mural  It transitions to a scene of her on a bridge grasping the moon from the sky  For the final scene, Amuro is again sitting in a dense bamboo forest before the window closes  The video ends with her becoming part of the mural in the opening scene  The video is unlike any of Amuro's previous videos as it portrays her in a distinctly Japanese manner 

Track listing
Personnel
"Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick"
Namie Amuro – vocals
Michico – background vocals
Producers – T Kura & Michico
Arranger – T Kura
Choreographer – Shawnette Heard
Director – Masashi Muto

"Ningyo"
Namie Amuro – vocals
Nao'ymt – background vocals
Producers – Nao'ymt
Arranger – Nao'ymt
Director – Masashi Muto

Live performances
Can't Sleep, Can't Eat, I'm Sick
May 11, 2006 – Utaban
May 15, 2006 – Hey! Hey! Hey!
May 19, 2006 – Music Station
May 20, 2006 – CDTV
May 26, 2006 – Music Fighter
May 28, 2006 – MTV VMAJ 2006 Red Carpet Show
June 5, 2006 – SMAPxSMAP
September 25, 2006 – Hey! Hey! Hey! 13th Year Special

Charts
Passage 7:
Erin Pitt
Erin Michelle Pitt (born September 22, 1999) is a Canadian actress, known for her trio of roles in the horror film Silent Hill: Revelation, where she played Dark Alessa, Alessa Gillespie, and the younger Sharon DaSilva  Pitt's first leading role was in the 2013 film Against the Wild as Hanna Wade  She also played the title role in the 2014 made-for-television film An American Girl: Isabelle Dances Into the Spotlight  Pitt is a voice actress and is known for her roles in the television series The 99 as Samda the Invulnerable and Evie in the television series Mike the Knight 

Life and career
Pitt was born in Hamilton, Ontario, one of six siblings  She has two sisters and three brothers  She has attended the Hamilton Academy of Performing Arts, where she studies acting, singing and dancing, and has performed with the Hamilton City Ballet Pitt first acted in a Paperoni toy commercial in 2008  In 2010 she has a role in the short film Rick Mercer — Canadian Action Plan  The same year she was cast in the film You Lucky Dog as the character Erin  Following this she acted in the film Camp Rock 2: The Final Jam as Junior Rocker Audrey Her first major film was 2012's Silent Hill: Revelation, in which she played the triple roles of Alessa Gillespie, Dark Alessa, and the younger Sharon DaSilva  Pitt appeared on the cover of Fangoria magazine that year as Dark Alessa  She then had the major starring role Hannah Wade in Against the Wild, released in 2014 In 2014 Pitt starred as Isabelle in the Universal Picture direct-to-DVD production An American Girl: Isabelle Dances Into the Spotlight  She also had the voice role of Evie in the animated series Mike the Knight 

Filmography
Awards and nominations
Passage 8:
Airplay (band)
Airplay was a short-lived American band, formed by David Foster and Jay Graydon  The band released a self-titled album in 1980, containing "Nothin' You Can Do About It" (originally recorded by The Manhattan Transfer) and the original recording of the Earth, Wind & Fire hit "After the Love Has Gone", written by Foster and Graydon with Bill Champlin 
Graydon was asked about Airplay in a 2014 interview:
Did you guys ever envision Airplay becoming a full-time, touring type of band?
David wanted to tour and I didn't  A dumb move on my part 

Personnel
Principal members
Jay Graydon – vocals, guitar
David Foster – keyboards, background vocals
Tommy Funderburk – vocals

Backing musicians
Toto membersJeff Porcaro – drums
David Hungate – bass
Steve Lukather – additional rhythm guitars
Steve Porcaro – synthesizer programmingOthersWarren Wiebe
Mike Baird – drums
Ray Parker Jr  – additional rhythm guitars
Pete Robinson – synthesizer programming
Jerry Hey – trumpet & flugelhorn
Gary Grant – trumpet
Steve Madaio – trumpet
Bill Reichenbach Jr  – trombone
Charlie Loper – trombone
Lew McCreary – tromboneBackground vocalsBill Champlin
Tom Kelly
Max Gronenthal

Discography
Studio albums
Airplay (1980)

Singles
"Stranded" (1980)
"Nothin' You Can Do About It" (1980)
"Should We Carry On" (1981)
"Stressed Out (Close to the Edge)" in St  Elmo's Fire soundtrack (1985)
Passage 9:
Are You Ready for Love
"Are You Ready for Love" is a song recorded by English musician Elton John in 1977 and first released in the UK in 1979 as the first single from the EP The Thom Bell Sessions   It was written by LeRoy Bell, Thom Bell and Casey James, and was originally produced in Philadelphia by Thom Bell, who had already produced a series of hits for the Spinners, the Delfonics and the Stylistics   While the song "Mama Can't Buy You Love" from the EP charted in 1979, this song and the other track on the three-track 12-inch vinyl disc, "Three Way Love Affair", were only minor footnotes at the time 
In 1989, MCA released a 6-track CD, The Complete Thom Bell Sessions, which contained a different mix of "Are You Ready for Love" in place of the one that appeared on the original 1979 EP  (The original Thom Bell Sessions EP mix did, however, surface – along with the EP's other two original tracks – as a B-side to a UK CD-single of "The Last Song" in 1992, issued as Rocket/Phonogram EJSCB-30) 

2003 version
In 2003, "Are You Ready for Love" was remixed by Ashley Beedle and released as a 12-inch vinyl single on 25 August 2003  It gave John the sixth No  1 hit of his career when it topped the UK Singles Chart in the first week of its 2003 re-release, following his performance of the song in a television advertisement promoting the new 2003–04 football season for Sky Sports  The 2003 single's B-side is "Three Way Love Affair" (from the original EP) and also the full-length 1979 version of "Are You Ready for Love"  On some CD versions, the CD also contains a QuickTime version of a video for the song, with recording studio footage from 1977 with John recording his vocals 
Various hit R&B vocalists of the late 1970s, including Bell and James, MFSB and the Spinners with lead singer John Edwards, contributed backing and accompanying lead vocals, most prominent on the Thom Bell Sessions mixes of the song  In 1979, the Spinners also recorded a version of the song which charted at number 25 on the US Billboard R&B chart 
The music video, produced in a 1970s retro style, was directed by Kate Dawkins 

Track listings
UK, US, and Australian CD single
"Are You Ready for Love" ('79 radio edit)
"Are You Ready for Love" (full length 1979 version)
"Three Way Love Affair"
"Are You Ready for Love" (CD-ROM video)UK 12-inch single 1
A  "Are You Ready for Love" (full length '79 version)
B  "Are You Ready for Love" (Freeform Reform remix)UK 12-inch single 2
A  "Are You Ready for Love" ('79 original)
B  "Are You Ready for Love" (Ashley Beedle Love and Protection mono edit)UK cassette single
"Are You Ready for Love" ('79 radio edit)
"Are You Ready for Love" (full length 1979 version)
"Three Way Love Affair"European CD single
"Are You Ready for Love" ('79 radio edit)
"Are You Ready for Love" (full length 1979 version)US 12-inch single
A1  "Are You Ready for Love" (Linus Loves Strobelight mix)
A2  "Are You Ready for Love" (79 full length)
B1  "Are You Ready for Love" (Mylo's Road Map to Peace remix)
B2  "Are You Ready for Love" (Ashley Beedle Love and Protection mono re-edit)

Charts and certifications
Cover versions
In 2003, the Spinners reissued "Are You Ready for Love", featuring them on backing vocals  In 1977, the Spinners had recorded two versions of the track  One had all of the Spinners, the other with only lead singer John Edwards on vocals  Finally in 1979, the John Edwards version was released making it to number 42 on the UK Singles Chart 

In popular culture
"Are You Ready for Love" was featured on the European version of Donkey Konga 2 

See also
List of number-one dance singles of 2004 (U S )
Passage 10:
Back to the Future (soundtrack)
The music of the Back to the Future series is composed in conjunction with the development of several feature films and a stage musical, within the Back to the Future franchise created by Robert Zemeckis and Bob Gale  All music in the franchise was composed by American composer Alan Silvestri, with The Musical being co-written with Glen Ballard 

Back to the Future (1985)
Soundtrack
Back to the Future: Music from the Motion Picture Soundtrack is the soundtrack album to the film of the same name, released on July 8, 1985, by MCA Records  The soundtrack includes two tracks from American composer Alan Silvestri's score for the film, two pop tracks from American rock band Huey Lewis and the News, two songs played by the fictional Marvin Berry and The Starlighters, one played by the fictional Marty McFly with The Starlighters, and two pop songs that are very briefly heard in the background of the film 
"The Power of Love" was released as the album's lead single in June 1985, becoming Huey Lewis and the News's first chart topper on the US Billboard Hot 100, as well as being certified Gold and nominated for an Academy Award for Best Original Song  The soundtrack spent nineteen weeks on the Billboard 200, peaking at number twelve in October 1985 

Development
American rock band Huey Lewis and the News performed "The Power of Love" and "Back in Time"  Huey Lewis was approached to write a theme song for the film  He met with Bob Gale, Steven Spielberg, and Robert Zemeckis, from the film's production team, who intended that the band be Marty McFly's favorite band  Though flattered, Lewis did not want to participate because he did not know how to write film songs and did not want to write one called "Back to the Future"  Zemeckis assured Lewis he could write any song he wanted  Lewis agreed to submit the next song he wrote, which was "The Power of Love"  The lyrics do not make any mention of the film's storyline Lewis was asked by Zemeckis to write one more song for the film's end credits, which came to be "Back in Time"  Unlike "The Power of Love", the lyrics for "Back in Time" center around the movie's story points  In an interview with People in 2015, Lewis states: "Sean [Hopper], [Chris] Hayes and I put together "Back in Time" – and it turned out that it's actually quite easy to write for film! In a way, it's easier, in that you don't have to invest yourself in it  So that was a lot of fun, actually" "Johnny B  Goode", written by Chuck Berry, is performed by the characters Marty McFly, and Marvin Berry and the Starlighters in the film, with lead vocals by Mark Campbell as Marty McFly, Harry Waters Jr  as Marvin Berry, and the guitar solo by Tim May  Campbell and May received a "special thanks" acknowledgment in the film's end credits, with the recording credit going to the fictional characters  Campbell did not receive credit as the filmmakers wanted to create the illusion that Fox was singing  When music supervisor Bones Howe learned of this, he secured Campbell a small percentage of the soundtrack revenue as compensation  Berry withheld permission to use "Johnny B  Goode" until the day before filming, and was paid $50,000 for the rights 

In the film
In the film, Marvin Berry, a fictitious cousin of Chuck Berry, phones Chuck and lets him listen to the music  The real "Johnny B  Goode" was released in 1958, three years after the time it is played in the film Huey Lewis portrays a high-school band audition judge who rejects Marty McFly's band, the "Pinheads", as they perform an instrumental hard rock version of "The Power of Love"  Lewis mentioned that his character was inspired by a Chrysalis Records executive  "Time Bomb Town", "Heaven Is One Step Away", and "Back in Time" are very briefly played in the background in some scenes during the film; "Back in Time" is additionally played in full in the film's end credits 

Track listing
^a  Lead vocals provided by Harry Waters Jr 
^b  Lead vocals provided by Mark CampbellSongs in the film but not included on the soundtrack album:
"The Washington Post" – composed by John Philip Sousa
"Mr  Sandman" – performed by The Four Aces
"The Ballad of Davy Crockett" – performed by Fess Parker
"Pledging My Love" – performed by Johnny Ace
"Out the Window" – Performed by Edward Van HalenThe tracks are not presented in the order they appear in the film  In chronological order, the track listing goes: 1, 2, 7, the first 90 seconds of 6, 8, 9, 10, the remainder of 6, 4, 5, and 3  "Back to the Future Overture" consists of the following cues, as released in its original form, on the subsequent score album:

Marty's Letter
Clocktower
'85 Lone Pine Mall

Charts
Certifications
Film score
Back to the Future: Intrada Special Collection was released by Intrada Records on November 24, 2009, and contains Alan Silvestri's complete score for Back to the Future  It is a two-disc release: the first disc contains the complete orchestral score for the film, along with two source cues that Silvestri wrote  The second disc contains alternate approaches that Silvestri took with a large portion of the score, with a darker and more serious tone  The two-disc set had a limited release of 10,000 units and sold nearly 6,000 units by the end of January 2010 The soundtrack was reissued on October 12, 2015, as a single-disc release, titled Back to the Future: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack (Expanded Edition), to commemorate the film's 30th anniversary  This release only contains the music on disc one of the initial limited two-disc set 

Development
Alan Silvestri had previously worked with director Robert Zemeckis on the score for Romancing the Stone  In composing the score, the only direction Zemeckis gave him was "it's got to be big"  Silvestri used an orchestral score to create a sound that contrasted with the small-town setting and the significant time-changing events occurring within it, and developed a heroic theme that was designed to be instantly recognizable in just a few notes For moments in the film where Silvestri's score was shortened (i e  the final moments of "Einstein Disintegrated" and "Peabody Barn; Marty Ditches DeLorean"), replaced with source music ("Town Square") or unused ("Logo"), the full score cue is presented as originally recorded 
The themes from the score have since been included in the scores of the film's sequels, in Back to the Future: The Ride, and used as ambient music at Universal Studios theme parks 

Track listing
Disc 1: The Complete Original Motion Picture Soundtrack

"Logo"
"DeLorean Reveal"
"Einstein Disintegrated"
"'85 Twin Pines Mall"
"Peabody Barn; Marty Ditches DeLorean"
"'55 Town Square"
"Lorraine's Bedroom"
"Retrieve DeLorean"
"1 21 Jigowatts"
"The Picture"
"Picture Fades"
"Skateboard Chase"
"Marty's Letter"
"George to the Rescue – Pt  1"
"Marvin Be-Bop"
"George to the Rescue – Pt  2"
"Tension; The Kiss"
"Goodnight Marty"
"It's Been Educational; Clocktower"
"Helicopter"
"'85 Lone Pine Mall"
"4x4"
"Doc Returns"
"Back to the Future"Disc 2: The Creation of a Classic    alternate Early Sessions

"DeLorean Reveal"
"Einstein Disintegrated"
"Peabody Barn"
"Marty Ditches DeLorean"
"'55 Town Square #1"
"'55 Town Square #2"
"Retrieve DeLorean"
"1 21 Jigowatts"
"The Picture"
"Skateboard Chase"
"George to the Rescue"
"Tension; The Kiss"
"Clocktower"
"'85 Lone Pine Mall"
"Doc Returns"
"Ling Ting Ring"

Back to the Future Part II (1989)
Back to the Future Part II: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score to the 1989 film of the same name, the second installment in the Back to the Future trilogy  It was released under MCA Records on November 22, 1989, and features most of the film score by American composer Alan Silvestri  AllMusic rated it four-and-a-half stars out of five  Unlike the previous soundtrack, it only contains the musical score by Silvestri, none of the vocal songs featured throughout the film are included 
Intrada Records reissued the soundtrack as a two-disc expanded edition on October 12, 2015, in commemoration of the first film's 30th anniversary  The soundtrack includes the complete score (22 tracks) on disc one and an arrangement of alternate cues and source music on disc two 

Track listings
Standard edition

"Main Title"
"The Future"
"Hoverboard Chase"
"A Flying DeLorean?"
"My Father!"
"Alternate 1985"
"If They Ever Did"
"Pair O' Docs"
"The Book"
"Tunnel Chase"
"Burn The Book"
"Western Union"
"End Title"Expanded edition – Disc 1: The Film Score"

"Back to Back / It's Your Kids"
"Main Title (extended version)"
"The Future"
"Chicken / Hoverboard Chase"
"A Flying DeLorean?"
"I'm in The Future / Biff Steals DeLorean"
"Chicken Needles / Jenn Sees Jenn"
"Biff's World / 27th Floor"
"My Father!"
"Alternate 1985"
"Gray's Sports Almanac / If They Ever Did"
"Something Inconspicuous"
"You'll Never Lose / Old New DeLorean"
"Pair O' Docs"
"The Book"
"Nobody / Tunnel Chase"
"Burn The Book"
"He's Gone"
"Western Union"
"I'm Back / End Logo"
"The West"
"End Title"Expanded edition – Disc 2: Alternates

"Back to Back (alternate)"
"Main Title (alternate)"
"The Future (alternate)"
"Hoverboard Chase (alternate)"
"A Flying DeLorean? (alternate)"
"Biff's World (alternate)"
"If They Ever Did (alternate segment)"
"You'll Never Lose (alternate)"
"Western Union (alternate #1)"
"I'm Back (alternate #1)"
"Western Union (alternate #2)"
"I'm Back (alternate #2)"
"End Logo (alternate)"
"The West (alternate)"
"End Title (alternate)"

Back to the Future Part III (1990)
Back to the Future Part III: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack is the film score to the film of the same name, the third and final installment in the Back to the Future trilogy  It was released under Varèse Sarabande on May 29, 1990, and features most of the film score by American composer Alan Silvestri  The soundtrack includes the acoustic instrumental version of the song "Doubleback" as performed during the film, but does not include the original ZZ Top version of the song played in the end credits 
Varèse Sarabande reissued the soundtrack as a two-disc expanded edition on October 12, 2015, in commemoration of the film's 25th anniversary  The soundtrack includes the complete score (26 tracks) in chronological order on disc one, and an arrangement of alternate cues, source music and acoustic renditions of traditional folk songs on disc two 

Track listings
Standard edition

"Main Title"
"It's Clara (The Train, Part II)"
"Hill Valley"
"The Hanging"
"At First Sight"
"Indians"
"Goodbye Clara"
"Doc Returns"
"Point of No Return (The Train, Part III)"
"The Future Isn't Written"
"The Showdown"
"Doc to the Rescue"
"The Kiss"
"We're Out of Gas"
"Wake Up Juice"
"A Science Experiment (The Train, Part I)"
"Doubleback (acoustic instrumental version)"
"End Credits"25th Anniversary edition – Disc 1: The Film Score

"Back to Back / Court House"
"Main Title"
"Into the Mine / Tombstone / It's Me"
"Warmed Up"
"Indians (film version)"
"Safe and Sound"
"Hill Valley"
"The Hanging"
"We're Out of Gas"
"There is No Bridge / Doc to the Rescue"
"At First Sight"
"Yellow"
"The Kiss"
"You Talkin' to Me?"
"The Future Isn't Written"
"Goodbye Clara"
"What's Up Doc / Marty Gallops / To the Future"
"Wake Up Juice"
"Callin' You Out / Count Off"
"The Showdown / The Kick"
"A Science Experiment (The Train – Part I)"
"It's Clara (The Train – Part II)"
"Point of No Return (The Train – Part III)"
"It's Destroyed / Back to the Girlfriend / It's Erased"
"Doc Returns"
"End Credits25th Anniversary edition – Disc 2: Alternates

"Back to Back / Court House (alternate)"
"I'm Back / Main Title (alternate)"
"Into the Mine / Tombstone (alternate)"
"Warmed Up (alternate)"
"Indians (alternate)"
"The Hanging (alternate)"
"Goodbye Clara (alternate segment)"
"Count Off (alternate)"
"The Kick (alternate)"
"Doc's Return (alternate)"
"Clock Dedication / Battle Cry of Freedom"
"Doubleback (extended version)"
"Turkey in the Straw"
"My Darling Clementine"
"Saloon Piano Melody"
"Arkansas Traveler"
"Devil's Dream"
"Pop Goes the Weasel"
"Virginia Reel (Tip-Top)"
"I'm Back (alternate #2)"
"Into the Mine (alternate #2)"
"Indians (alternate #2)"
"Doc Returns (alternate #2)"On the standard edition, the tracks are not presented in the order they appear in the film  In chronological order, the track listing goes 1, 6, 3, 4, 14, 12, 5, 17, 13, 10, 7, 15, 11, 16, 2, 9, 8, and 18



ground_truth: Nightwing / Dick Grayson

Nightwing

Dick Grayson

Batman

Robin

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the brother of the Nothin' My Love Can't Fix performer?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 
Songs in the film not included on the soundtrack album:
"Doubleback" (original version) – performed by ZZ Top
"The Power of Love" – performed by Huey Lewis and the News

The Back to the Future Trilogy
The Back to the Future Trilogy is a soundtrack compilation album, released by Varèse Sarabande on September 21, 1999  The album is a compilation of Alan Silvestri compositions from all three Back to the Future film scores, as well the theme from Back to the Future: The Ride  Whilst the tracks from Part III are from the film's original soundtrack, the tracks for Part I, Part II and The Ride are re-recorded renditions performed by John Debney and the Royal Scottish National Orchestra at the Glasgow City Halls 

Track listing
Back to the Future: The Musical (2020)
Back to the Future: The Musical (Original Cast Recording) is the cast recording of the musical of the same name, with music and lyrics by Alan Silvestri and Glen Ballard, and a book by Bob Gale  Recorded by the musical's original West End cast, it was released by Sony Music's Masterworks Broadway imprint on March 11, 2022  The musical's score was nominated for the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Original Score or New Orchestrations in 2022 

Background
The Back to the Future website originally announced on October 21, 2020 ("Back to the Future Day") that a cast recording of the West End production will be released in summer 2021  The announcement was accompanied by the release of Dobson's rendition of "Back in Time", which was originally written for and featured in the first film, in addition to the original track "Put Your Mind to It"  The cast recording was originally set to be released on November 26, 2021, but was delayed several times, eventually releasing on March 11, 2022 

Track listing
Passage 11:
Pulse (1988 film)
Pulse is a 1988 American science-fiction horror film written and directed by Paul Golding, drawing influence from previous works of science fiction and horror, and starring Cliff De Young, Roxanne Hart, Joseph Lawrence, Matthew Lawrence, and Charles Tyner  The film's title refers to a highly aggressive and intelligent pulse of electricity that terrorizes the occupants of a suburban house in Los Angeles, California  The film was produced through Columbia Pictures and the Aspen Film Society and distributed by Columbia Pictures  The titular Pulse and its accompanying elements were designed by Cinema Research Corporation 

Plot
A highly aggressive, paranormal intelligence thriving within the electrical grid system of Los Angeles, California is moving from house to house  It terrorizes the occupants by taking control of the appliances, killing them or causing them to wreck the house in an effort to destroy it  Once this has been accomplished, it travels along the power lines to the next house, and the terror restarts  Having thus wrecked one household in a quiet, suburban neighborhood, the pulse finds itself in the home of a boy's divorced father whom he is visiting  It gradually takes control of everything, injuring the stepmother, and trapping father and son, who must fight their way out 

Cast
Cliff De Young as Bill Rockland
Roxanne Hart as Ellen Rockland
Joey Lawrence as David Rockland
Matthew Lawrence as Stevie
Charles Tyner as Old Man Holger
Dennis Redfield as Pete
Robert Romanus as Paul
Myron Healey as Howard
Michael Rider as Foreman
Jean Sincere as Ruby
Terry Beaver as Policeman
Greg Norberg as Policeman
Tim Russ as Policeman

Release
The film was promoted by the taglines "It traps you in your house   then pulls the plug," "In every second of every day, it improves our lives  And in a flash, it can end them," and also "the ultimate shocker "

Production
The film was produced by Aspen Film Society, a film production company founded by Steve Martin and William E  McEuen Paul Golding got the idea for Pulse from two unrelated events with the first being when the screenwriter Caleb Deschanel spent the night in his house and told him that at night he’d been listening to “the sounds of the house…  the house was alive and it was taking care of me“, and the second was when he heard about a computer that reprogrammed itself  Golding wrote the screenplay under the working titles of House, Tract and Currents in 1981 but couldn’t get it made until Columbia eventually took it on seven years later  David Morse and Tommy Lee Jones both auditioned for the role of Bill but lost to Cliff De Young  Production was completed a day early and $1 million dollars under its $6 million dollar budget, and as a result were able to afford Oxford Scientific Films to do many of the special effects 

Release
David V  Picker, the head of Paramount Pictures at the time, was impressed by the film and intended to position it as a wide release, but changes in studio management curtailed this and it was only released theatrically in Texas and Oklahoma, while it went straight to video elsewhere  The movie did however become a success on video 

Reception
Pulse has a 64% approval rating at the online review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 14 reviews 

Music
The musical score for Pulse was composed by Jay Ferguson, who also composed "Pictures of You" from the soundtrack to The Terminator, and the film score to A Nightmare on Elm Street 5: The Dream Child 
Passage 12:
Nothin' My Love Can't Fix
"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix" is a song by American actor and singer Joey Lawrence, released as the first single from his self-titled debut album on February 15, 1993, by MCA Records subsidiary Impact Records  Written by Lawrence, Alexandra Forbes and Eric Beall and produced by Forbes, Beall, Steve Barri and Tony Peluso, "Nothin' My Love Can't Fix" is Lawrence's most successful single, peaking at number 19 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number 10 on the Billboard Mainstream Top 40  It also reached number 13 in the United Kingdom, number 22 in Ireland, number 50 in Canada and number 68 in Australia 

Background
"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix" was written by Joey Lawrence, Alexandra Forbes, and Eric Beall  The song was written when Lawrence was approximately fifteen years old 

Composition
According to the sheet music published at Musicnotes com by Alfred Publishing, the song is written in the key of F major and is set in time signature of common time with a tempo of 108 beats per minute  Lawrence's vocal range spans three octaves, from F3 to F♯6 

Chart performance
In the United States, "Nothin' My Love Can't Fix" debuted at number 68 on the Billboard Hot 100 for the issue dated March 6, 1993  The song spent 20 weeks on the chart, reaching its peak position of number 19 for the issue dated May 8, 1993  On the 1993 year-end chart, the song achieved a position of number 92 

Music video
The video premiered on February 15, 1993, during an episode of Blossom  Prior to its broadcast, the video was promoted through advertisements on MTV and NBC  The music video received heavy airplay on many outlets, including MTV, and Lawrence was invited to perform on MTV Spring Break, The Arsenio Hall Show, and Top of the Pops 

Track listings and formats
Personnel
Personnel are adapted from the Joey Lawrence album liner notes 
Joey Lawrence – vocals, writing
Steve Barri – production
Alexandra Forbes – production, writing
Eric Beall – production, writing
Tony Peluso – production, vocal recording, mixing
Steve Skinner – keyboards, drum programming
Fred Tenny – recording
Axel Niehaus – assistant recording engineer
Fred Kelly – assistant mixing engineer
Julie Barri – production assistance
Steve Hall – mastering

Charts
Release history
In popular culture
"Nothin' My Love Can't Fix" was used as the end-title theme for the 1993 film Cop and a Half 
Passage 13:
Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You
"Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You" is a duet between Billy Newton-Davis and Celine Dion, released as a single in July 1989 in Canada  The song was featured on Newton-Davis' album Spellbound  "Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You" was later included on Dion's Japanese maxi-single "Unison" (1991)  It was written by Dan Hill who also wrote for Dion "Seduces Me" on her 1996 album Falling into You 

Background
The "Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You" music video received a MuchMusic Video Award for Best MOR Video in 1990 The song was Dion's second commercial English single after her 1985 "Listen to the Magic Man"  It reached number 41 on the Canadian Singles Chart and number 12 on the Adult Contemporary Chart  In Quebec, it peaked at number 19 Dion performed this song during her Unison Tour 

Track listings and formats
Canadian 7" single"Can't Live with You, Can't Live Without You" – 4:16
"Stop Me (Before I Dream Again)" – 3:40

Charts
Release history
Passage 14:
I Still Can't Get Over Loving You
"I Still Can't Get Over Loving You" is a 1983 song written and performed by Ray Parker Jr  It was the lead single from his Woman Out of Control album of the same year, and it reached #12 on the Billboard Hot 100 in early 1984  It was Parker's fifth top 20 hit, the sixth being 1984's "Ghostbusters" 

Background
The song is an up-tempo ballad with electronic instruments 
While initially the song speaks of lost love and an ended relationship, the lyrics gradually take a considerably more sinister tone, ultimately implying that the man either is stalking his former girlfriend, or potentially preparing to do harm to her  A turning point in the tone occurs when Parker borrows a line from  The Police's "Every Breath You Take", "Every breath you take, I'll be watching you " It is summarily followed by closing lines which indicate that the relationship has taken a dark turn:  "There's no way that this thing is through, no; Not yet, I ain't through lovin' you; I'm gettin' mad, girl, don't you ever try to leave, no, no; It'll be the last thing you'll ever do "

Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Passage 15:
You Can't Beat Love
You Can't Beat Love is a 1937 American comedy film directed by Christy Cabanne and written by Maxwell Shane and David Silverstein  The film stars Preston Foster, Joan Fontaine, Herbert Mundin, William Brisbane and Alan Bruce  The film was released on June 25, 1937 

Plot
Jimmy Hughes (Preston Foster) is a fun-loving carouser who can't resist a dare  He is awakened by his gentleman's gentleman Jasper (Herbert Mundin) after a drunken evening in which he misappropriated a milk truck, and instructs Jasper to see that the damages (thirty dollars' worth of lost milk) are paid and the truck is returned  Accompanied by Jasper, Jimmy then fulfills a bet by putting in a day of hard work digging ditches in formal wear, good-naturedly tangling with other crew members in the process  He donates his winnings to a children's charity 
When a campaign truck stops by the site to dispense free cake and solicit support for Mayor Olson's re-election, Jimmy engages in a heckling match with a campaign worker who proves to be the mayor's daughter, Trudy Olson (Joan Fontaine)  Trudy angrily suggests that he throw his hat in the ring, and in a bluff, he declares that he will 
When the newspapers run with the story, Jimmy is caught by surprise and the mayor's campaign is concerned  Trudy visits Jimmy at his home with a cake to patch things up, and as he pledges to clear up the misunderstanding, the two become mutually attracted  Trudy accompanies Jimmy to the newspaper office the next day to help him announce his withdrawal, but she mistakenly dares him to run for real, obliging him to do so 
Jimmy pledges a clean campaign, but still ruffles Trudy at times as he continues to pursue her  Things begin to go well between them again as Jimmy helps Trudy save a child who has stolen ice from an ice truck from punishment, and they steal a fun ride on the back of the truck together 
The corrupt police chief, who works for the mayor, secretly attempts to frame Jimmy by luring him to a phony love nest with a hired woman (Barbara Pepper) and a waiting photographer, but catches Jimmy's friend instead  In retaliation, Jimmy recruits the woman's jealous boyfriend, a gangster, to involve the police chief in a citywide gambling ring 
As the mayor comes under criticism for the resulting scandal, Trudy visits Jimmy's campaign office and overhears him colluding with the gamblers  At a debate on election eve, she accuses him of being behind the ring  Jimmy produces a check designating all gambling proceeds to a children's charity, and plays a recording for the crowd of the police chief agreeing to participate in the criminal profits  He also has a recording of the mayor angrily confronting the police chief, proving the mayor's innocence  Jimmy then endorses the mayor for re-election as the guilty parties are arrested  The press asks for a photo of Jimmy kissing Trudy, and she dares him 

Cast
Preston Foster as James Ellsworth 'Jimmy' Hughes
Joan Fontaine as Trudy Olson
Herbert Mundin as Jasper 'Meadows' Hives
William Brisbane as Clem Bruner
Alan Bruce as Scoop Gallagher
Paul Hurst as Foreman Butch Mehaffey
Bradley Page as Dwight Parsons
Berton Churchill as Police Chief Brennan
Frank M  Thomas as Mayor Olson
Harold Huber as Pretty Boy Jones
Paul Guilfoyle as Louie the Weasel
Barbara Pepper as May 'Bubbles' Smith
Passage 16:
Can't Go for That
"Can't Go for That" is a song by Canadian recording artist Tamia  It was written by Missy Elliott, Brycyn Evans and Roosevelt "Bink" Harrell for her second studio album A Nu Day (2000), featuring main production from the latter with Elliottt and Evans serving as co-producers  Musically, the song includes an interpolation of "I Can't Go For That (No Can Do)" as performed by Hall & Oates 
"Can't Go for That" was released as the album's lead single in 2000 and peaked at number 84 on the US Billboard Hot 100 and 23 on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Singles & Tracks chart  The single was remixed by Jonathan Peters  There is another remix version as the album bonus track which features 213 members Nate Dogg, Snoop Dogg and Warren G 

Music video
A music video for "Can't Go for That" was directed by Chris Hafner in the week of July 1, 2000  It was filmed in Los Angeles 

Track listings
Notes

^[a]  denotes co-producer
^[b]  denotes additional producer

Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of A Nu Day 
Co-producer – Brycyn Evans, Missy Elliott
Assistant engineer – Edith Luis
Mixing, recording – Bill Importico
Producer – Bink!

Charts
Weekly charts
Passage 17:
Can't Nobody
"Can't Nobody" is a song performed by American recording artist Kelly Rowland  It was written and produced by Rich Harrison for Rowland's solo debut album Simply Deep (2002)  The song is built around a sample of "Let's Get Small" (1982) by American R&B band Trouble Funk  Due to the inclusion of the sample, band members Robert "Syke Dyke" Reed and Tony Fisher are also credited as songwriters  Musically, the uptempo track has been described as an "airy hip hop funk" song, that has Rowland describing an infatuation as she tries to convince the object of desire of her charms and advantages 
The song was released as the second single from Simply Deep on January 21, 2003, following lead "Stole" and Rowland's duet single "Dilemma" with Nelly from his album Nellyville (2002)  While it widely failed to match the success of its predecessors, "Can't Nobody" reached the top-five in the United Kingdom and became a top-twenty hit in Australia, Denmark, Ireland, the Netherlands, and Scotland  In the US, the song entered Billboard's Mainstream Top 40  An accompanying music video was directed by Benny Boom and shot in Los Angeles, California in January 2003  In further promotion of the song, Rowland performed the song on television shows such as Top of the Pops and made it part of the setlist of her Simply Deeper Tour (2003) 

Background
After the release of her former group Destiny's Child's 2001 album Survivor, Rowland launched a solo career when American rapper Nelly asked her to appear as a featured artist on his song "Dilemma"  The record originally appeared on his album Nellyville (2002) and was released as its third single  An instant success, it became a worldwide number-one hit that year and prompted Rowland's label Columbia Records to advance the release date of her solo album from 2003 to late 2002 to capitalize on the success of "Dilemma"  Rowland was forced to complete the album within a month   "Can't Nobody" was written by producer and songwriter Rich Harrison  Known for his work on fellow Columbia Records signee Amerie's debut album All I Have (2002), the song marked his first collaboration with a Destiny's Child member  In contrast to his own production style and major parts of Simply Deep, which featured mid-tempo tracks and wide influences by pop and rock music, the track includes a beat driven but poppy and radio-friendly instrumental, involving elements from "Let's Get Small", a song written by Robert Reed and Tony Fisher and performed by Trouble Funk 

Critical reception
"Can't Nobody" received generally mixed reviews from music critics  AllMusic editor Jon O'Brien named the song one of the album's highlights along with "Stole", "Dilemma" and "Everytime You Walk Out That Door" and complimented the production on "Can't Nobody" due to its "clattering percussion"  Chuck Taylor from Billboard found that "while the single has its charms, its skittish production and overly busy chorus tend to grate after a few spins, limiting its chances to go to the long haul " Sal Cinquemani of Slant compared the song to Rowland's previous single "Dilemma" and wrote: "'Can’t Nobody' features a catchy, retro hook and slick production, but Rowland’s voice isn’t as powerful as Whitney Houston’s or even Beyoncé Knowles's " Vibe journalist Craig Seymour named "Can’t Nobody" one of the better tracks on Simply Deep, calling it "a morsel of airy hip hop funk [   ] But while the tune offers her a good rump-wiggling groove, it can't quite fill the need for an authentic identity "

Commercial performance
The song was first issued as the album's second single in the United States on January 21, 2003  However, "Can't Nobody" received little commercial response in Rowland's native, where it was less successful than previous single "Stole", debuting and peaking at number ninety-seven on the US Billboard Hot 100 and number seventy-two on Billboard's Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs, respectively  It also entered the US Mainstream Top 40, reaching number forty  The single fared better overseas, where it became Rowland's third consecutive top five hit on the UK Singles Chart, peaking at number five, as well as her ninth best-selling solo single as of November 2011  The song also entered the top ten of the Scottish Singles Chart, reaching number nine, and peaked within the top twenty in Denmark, Ireland, and the Netherlands  In Australia, "Can't Nobody" peaked at number thirteen and was eventually certified gold by the Australian Recording Industry Association (ARIA), indicating sales in excess of 35,000 copies 

Music video
Rowland reteamed with "Dilemma" director Benny Boom to craft a music video for "Can't Nobody" which was shot in Los Angeles, California at the weekend of January 4, 2003  Filming locations include the Orpheum Theatre on Broadway and the Chinatown neighborhood, both set in the Downtown Los Angeles district  Joe Oz served as first assistant director, while production was helmed by Veronica Zelle for now defunct Gorilla Flix Productions  Main camera was operated by Paul Cameron  Upon its release, the music video for "Can't Nobody" was included on the European maxi-single as an enhanced video element  It was later also included on the Japanese edition of Destiny's Child's Destiny's Child World Tour concert DVD, released in 2003, as well as the 2004 Wal-Mart exclusive limited Destiny's Child's Fan Pack DVD which was released a week before the release of Destiny Fulfilled (2004) In the video, Rowland is waiting outside of the Orpheum Theatre nightclub for her boyfriend, who is surprising her with tickets for a fictional Simply Deep musical  She arrives after her boyfriend leaves and after buying a ticket for the musical and waiting for him to meet her, she is disturbed upon seeing a hologram of the two of them waiting in line together  Frustrated, Rowland walks around the Chinatown neighborhood seeing couples all around her until she comes across the Grand Star Jazz Club  She enters the club and begins enjoying herself while dancing until she sees her boyfriend nearby  She confronts him over his absence at the theatre, and he reveals he was going to surprise her with tickets to the musical  Rowland is relieved and after the two laugh over the misunderstanding, they both proceed to dance together in the club  The video ends with the two leaving the club to go watch the musical at the theatre  In a report surrounding the production of the short film, MTV News noted that the video was "a take-off of the Christian Slater flick True Romance "

Track listings
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Simply Deep 

Charts
Certifications
Release history



ground_truth: Matthew Lawrence