prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the symbol of the Saints from the city that is the location of Blanton's manufacturer's headquarters called?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Billiken
The Billiken is a charm doll created by an American art teacher and illustrator, Florence Pretz of Kansas City, Missouri, who is said to have seen the mysterious figure in a dream  It is believed that Pretz found the name Billiken in Bliss Carman's 1896 poem "Mr  Moon: A Song Of The Little People"   In 1908, she obtained a design patent on the ornamental design of the Billiken, which she sold to the Billiken Company of Chicago   The Billiken was monkey-like with pointed ears, a mischievous smile and a tuft of hair on his pointed head  His arms were short and he was generally sitting with his legs stretched out in front of him  Billiken is known as "The God of Things as They Ought to Be" 
To buy a Billiken was said to give the purchaser luck, but to receive one as a gift would be better luck  The image was copyrighted and a trademark was put on the name  After a few years of popularity, the Billiken faded into obscurity  Although they are similar, the Billiken and the baby-like kewpie figures that debuted in the December 1909 Ladies' Home Journal are not the same 
Today, the Billiken is the official mascot of Saint Louis University and St  Louis University High School, both Jesuit institutions located in St  Louis  The Billiken is also the official mascot of the Royal Order of Jesters, an invitation only Shriner group affiliated with Freemasonry  The Billiken also became the namesake of Billiken Shokai, the Japanese toy & model manufacturing company (established 1976) 

History
The Billiken sprang from the height of the "Mind-Cure" craze in the United States at the start of the twentieth century   It represented the "no worry" ideal, and was a huge hit   Variations appeared, such as the "Teddy-Billiken Doll" and the Billycan/Billycant pair (to drive petty problems away)   The Billiken helped touch off the doll craze of the era At least two Billiken-themed songs were recorded, including "Billiken Rag" and the "Billiken Man Song " The latter was recorded by Blanche Ring The Billiken, as a good luck charm, appears multiple times in the Vivien Leigh and Robert Taylor movie Waterloo Bridge   It is employed as a device that both prompts recollections of the male lead, Robert Taylor, and that links several scenes within the movie as the plot unfolds  Wizard of Oz author L  Frank Baum kept a Billiken doll on his piano The Billiken made its Japanese debut in 1908  A statue was installed in the uppermost level of the original Tsutenkaku Tower as it was opened to the public in 1912  When the nearby Luna Park was closed in 1925, the tower's Billiken statue disappeared  In 1980, a replacement statue made its appearance in a new Tsutenkaku Tower that was built in 1956 

Sports mascot
In its heyday, the Billiken enjoyed worldwide celebrity   In the United States he became the athletic mascot of Saint Louis University, because the figure was said to resemble coach John R  Bender   The school's athletic teams remain the Billikens to this day  A bronze statue of the Billiken stands in front of the Chaifetz Arena on the Saint Louis University Campus   A junior version of the Billiken became the mascot of nearby St  Louis University High School; a stainless steel statue of the Junior Billiken stands adjacent to the Danis Fieldhouse, on the St  Louis University High School Campus  Bud Billiken was a youth-club mascot for The Chicago Defender, and was created in 1923, and is known more contemporarily as the inspiration for the yearly parade of the same name held shortly before the start of the school year 
The Billiken was the team nickname for several minor league professional baseball teams, including the Fort Wayne Billikens of the 1908–1910 Central League, the Montgomery Billikens of the 1910 Southern Association (a Class A league that ran from 1902–1935), the Bay City Billikens of the 1911 and 1912 Southern Michigan League (a league that dwelled in several classifications between 1906 and 1912), and the McLeansboro Billikens of the 1910 Kentucky–Illinois–Tennessee League ("KITTY League"), a Class D professional baseball league that ran from 1903 until 1955  McLeansboro is located in southern Illinois, 116 miles from St  Louis 

Alaska
In 1909, the Billiken began its appearance in souvenir shops of Alaska  In Nome, Alaska, an Inuit carver by the name Angokwazhuk copied a Billiken figurine in ivory brought to him by a merchant  Since that first appearance in Alaska, some Inuit carvers began to include the billiken in the collection of figurines they created  By the 1960s the Billiken was ubiquitous in larger Alaskan cities like Anchorage, and heavily touristed areas  Billikens were often carved from Alaskan ivory and were used in jewelry and knick-knacks  Often these souvenirs were accompanied by printed, romanticized Billiken lore  In Anchorage, the name was also adopted by merchants, as in the Billiken Drive-In movie theater 

Japan
Throughout Japan representations of the Billiken were enshrined  Pre-World War II statues of the Billiken could be found in Kobe city's Chinju Inari and Matsuo Inari shrines  Both of these statues were removed from display for many years at the onset of the war when foreign deities fell out of favor 
The most famous representation of the Billiken was in an amusement park, Luna Park, in the Shinsekai district of Osaka, Japan   In 1912, he was enshrined in the park as a symbol of Americana and there was revered as "The God of Things As They Ought to Be"  Popular Billiken souvenirs in the park included dolls and manjū  When the park closed in 1923, the wooden statue of the Billiken went missing 
A replica of the statue was placed in the second-generation Tsūtenkaku Tower in 1980  The Billiken was a star in Sakamoto Junji's 1996 comedy Billiken in which the statue is restored to the Tsutenkaku in an effort to revive the popularity of the tower and save Shinsekai The statue was a permanent fixture in the tower until September 2005 when it made its first departure and was taken, as an ambassador of sorts, to Shibuya's Tokyu Hands department store in Tokyo as a part of a fair to promote Naniwa (traditional Osaka) culture   As a part of the cultural exchange, a replica of the statue of Shibuya's most famous dog, Hachikō, was sent to Osaka 
In October 2008, the Billiken of Tsutenkaku took a journey all the way from Japan to its "home" city of St  Louis, Missouri where it was visited by students of St  Louis University, whose mascot is also the Billiken 
Due to wear (particularly to the soles of the feet), the dark, worn statue replica from 1980 was replaced in May 2012 with a new one  Presently he resides on the fifth floor observation deck and has become closely associated with the tower  Each year thousands of visitors place a coin in his donation box and rub the soles of his well-worn feet to make their wishes come true 
The Billiken also became the namesake of Billiken Shokai, the Japanese toy & model manufacturing company established in 1976 

Notes
See also
Billiken, an Argentine children's magazine named after the doll
Passage 2:
Economy of Saint Lucia
Once a single-crop agricultural economy, Saint Lucia has shifted to a tourism and banking serviced-based economy  Tourism, the island's biggest industry and main source of jobs, income and foreign exchange, accounts for 65% of its GDP  Agriculture, which was once the biggest industry, now contributes to less than 3% of GDP, but still accounts for 20% of jobs  The banana industry is now on a decline due to strong competition from low-cost Latin American producers and reduced European trade preferences, but the government has helped revitalize the industry, with 13,734 tonnes exported in 2018  Agricultural crops grown for export are bananas, mangoes, and avocados  The island is considered to have the most diverse and well-developed manufacturing industry in the eastern Caribbean 
Saint Lucia has been able to attract many foreign businesses and investors 

Economic history
The island's banana output was heavily impacted in 2007 by  Hurricane Dean  In 2006, the governor stated:

While living standards have improved for many, a large number of people have been pushed to the margin of economic activity, especially in the areas which once depended heavily on the banana industry for a livelihood 

Sectors
Agriculture
Agriculture is the second-largest industry in Saint Lucia  In 2020, agriculture only contributed 2 2% to Saint Lucia's GDP, but still accounts for a significant number of jobs - some 10% of the employed population  As of the 2010 census, the roughly 10,000 agricultural holdings covered an area of 30,204 acres, an average of 3 0 acres per agricultural holding 
About 18% of the land is used for agricultural practices  Most farms consist of less than 5 acres of land  The main agricultural products grown in Saint Lucia are bananas, coconuts, cocoa beans, mangoes, avocados, vegetables, citrus fruits, and root crops such as yams and sweet potatoes  Most of these agricultural products are grown for local consumption, but bananas and coconuts are mainly grown for export, with some vegetables  Bananas occupy about 14,826 acres of the agricultural land, while coconuts occupy 12,400 acres 
Saint Lucia has a small livestock sector, which is dominated by poultry and pork  The island is self-sufficient in egg production and is trying to become self-sufficient in poultry and pork production  The Ministry of Agriculture is encouraging farmers to raise sheep and goats to reduce the island's importation of frozen meats, and has helped by providing support to farmers, importing bloodlines of livestock to increase the productivity of animals, and providing subsidies on animal feed 
Help is also being given to revitalize the local dairy and beef industries through the introduction of efficient cattle breeds, training of farmers to care properly for livestock, and establishing funds for the construction of dairy units and abattoirs 
The island is also looking to expand its exports under the Taste of Saint Lucia brand sponsored by Export Saint Lucia  Products that are being promoted include Saint Lucia Honey, rum, chocolate, coconut oil, granola, and insect repellent 

Tourism
The island currently attracts over 900,000 visitors annually  St Lucia has been able to attract foreign businesses and investment, especially in its offshore banking and tourism industries  Tourism is St Lucia's main source of jobs and income, accounting for 65% of GDP, and the island's main source of foreign exchange earnings  The northern end of St Lucia is tourism's most urbanized area, with a fair number of hotels and resorts located along beaches, or with seaside views  This is also home to many of the island's large, all-inclusive resorts 

Economic trends
The level of island households living at or below the poverty level increased from 18 7 to 21 4% from 1995 to 2005  As of 2006, another 16 2% of the island's population are vulnerable to economic shocks that could easily push them below the poverty line   One rural district had 44 9% of households living below the poverty line (2005) To broaden the island's economic base, the government added small, computer-driven information technology and financial services as development objectives 
St  Lucia's leading revenue producers—agriculture, tourism, and small-scale manufacturing—benefited from a focus on infrastructure improvements in roads, communications, water supply, sewerage, and port facilities  Foreign investors also have been attracted by the infrastructure improvements and by the educated and skilled work force and relatively stable political conditions  The largest investment is in a petroleum storage and transshipment terminal built by Hess Oil  The Caribbean Development Bank  funded an airport expansion project 
Until the events of 11 September 2001, the tourism sector had made significant gains, experiencing a boom despite some untimely and destructive hurricanes  Stay-over visitors and cruise arrivals declined in 2001, and several hotels declared bankruptcy, including the Hyatt  The development of the tourism sector remains a priority, and the government is committed to providing a favourable investment environment  Incentives are available for building and upgrading tourism facilities  Use of public funds to improve the physical infrastructure of the island has been liberal, and the government has made efforts to attract cultural and sporting events and develop historical sites 

Overview
St  Lucia's economy depends primarily on revenue from tourism and banana production, with some contribution from small-scale manufacturing 
Although banana revenues have helped fund the country's development since the 1960s, the industry is now in a terminal decline, due to reduced European Union trade preferences and competition from lower-cost Latin American banana producers  The country is encouraging farmers to plant crops such as cocoa, mangoes, and avocados to diversify its agricultural production and provide jobs for displaced banana workers 
Tourism recovered in 2004, following the post-11 September 2001 recession, and continued to grow in 2005, making up more than 48% of St  Lucia's GDP  The hotel and restaurant industry grew by 6 3% during 2005  Stay-over arrivals increased by 6 5%, and the United States remained the most important market, accounting for 35 4% of these arrivals  Yacht passengers rose by 21 9%  Redeployment of cruise ships, remedial berth construction, and high fuel costs prevented higher growth rates  However, several investors have planned new tourism projects for the island, including a large hotel and resort in the southern part of the island  The global recession has caused a reduction in tourist revenue and foreign investment, significantly slowing growth rates 
St  Lucia's currency is the Eastern Caribbean Dollar (EC$), a regional currency shared among members of the Eastern Caribbean Currency Union (ECCU)  The Eastern Caribbean Central Bank (ECCB) issues the EC$, manages monetary policy, and regulates and supervises commercial banking activities in its member countries  The ECCB has kept the EC$ pegged at EC$2 7 = US$1 
St  Lucia is a beneficiary of the U S  Caribbean Basin Initiative and is a member of the Caribbean Community and Common Market  The country hosts the executive secretariat of the Organization of Eastern Caribbean States 
St  Lucia is the headquarters of the Eastern Caribbean Telecommunications authority, which is developing the regulations to liberalize the telecommunications sector in the region by 2004 

Economic statistics

GDP: purchasing power party - $1,667 billion (2016 est )
GDP - real growth rate: 3 5% (2012 est )
GDP - per capita: purchasing power party - $12,952 (2016 est )GDP - composition by sector:

agriculture: 2 43%
industry: 13 43%
services: 84 14% (2016 est )Population below poverty line: 21 4% (2005)
Household income or consumption by percentage share:
lowest 10%:
NA%
highest 10%:
NA%
Inflation rate (consumer prices): -0 934% (2016 est )
Labour force: 50,300 (2011)
Labour force - by occupation:

agriculture 21 7%,
industry and commerce 24 7%,
services 53 6% (2002 est )Unemployment rate: 15% (2013 est )
Pay:
best is $350 a week
Budget:
revenues:
$141 2 million
expenditures:
$146 7 million, including capital expenditures of $25 1 million (2000 estimate)
Industries:
clothing, assembly of electronic components, beverages, corrugated cardboard boxes, tourism, lime processing, coconut processing
Industrial production growth rate:

8 9% (1997 est )Electricity - production: 281 GWh (2003)
Electricity - production by source:
fossil fuel:
100%
hydro:
0%
nuclear:
0%
other:
0% (1998)
Electricity - consumption: 102 KWh (1998)
Agriculture - products:
bananas, coconuts, vegetables, citrus, root crops, cocoa
Exports: $82 million (2004)
Exports - commodities:
bananas 41%, clothing, cocoa, vegetables, fruits, coconut oil
Exports - partners:France 25%, United States 18 3%, United Kingdom 14 5%, Brazil 6 8% (2005)
Imports:
$410 million (2004)
Imports - commodities:
food 23%, manufactured goods 21%, machinery and transportation equipment 19%, chemicals, fuels
Imports - partners:
United States 23 8%, Trinidad and Tobago 16%, Netherlands 11 1%, Venezuela 6 3%, Finland 6 2%, United Kingdom 5 7%, France 4 7% (2005)
Debt - external:

$214 million (2000)Economic aid - recipient: $51 8 million (1995)
Currency: 1 East Caribbean dollar (EC$) = 100 cents
Exchange rates: East Caribbean dollars (EC$) per US$1 – 2 7000 (fixed rate since 1976)
Fiscal year: 1 April – 31 March
Passage 3:
Blanton's
Blanton's is a brand of bourbon whiskey produced and marketed by the Sazerac Company  Though it doesn't own the brand, it has exclusive distilling rights  It is owned by Age International, Inc  It is distilled in Frankfort, Kentucky at the Buffalo Trace Distillery 

History
The Blanton's brand was launched in 1984 under the guidance of the distillery's master distiller Elmer T  Lee, as the first modern bourbon brand marketed as a single barrel bourbon  The original brand name was "Blanton's Single Barrel Bourbon"  A single barrel bourbon is one for which each bottling batch is produced from the contents of only one particular aging barrel – not mixed with whiskey from any other barrels (and not blended with neutral spirits, colorings, or flavorings)  The company says that producing a high quality whiskey using this production method requires constant monitoring of every barrel in the middle of the warehouse by the Master Distiller  The barrels are dumped by hand without using machinery  There are eight different stopper designs, each with a different letter of the alphabet molded into it and topped with a figurine of a racehorse and jockey   When placed in order, spelling "B L A N T O N: S", the horse and jockey's poses display eight different scenes of a horse race, from standing at the gate, to crossing the finish line with a win 
Blanton's Single Barrel Bourbon is typically aged for 6 to 8 years  It is aged in Warehouse H at Buffalo Trace, which is the only metal-cladded warehouse at Buffalo Trace and was commissioned for construction by one of the distillery's early leaders, Albert B  Blanton, shortly after the end of the Prohibition era  Being metal, the warehouse transfers heat quicker than brick warehouses, which allows for more rapid aging There are multiple different expressions of Blanton's, each being a different proof  The original 93 proof Blanton's was the only expression available in the United States until 2020  That year, Sazerac Company announced domestic annual limited releases of 103 proof Blanton's Gold and cask proof Blanton's Straight From the Barrel 

Prior to these announcements, both Gold and Straight From the Barrel were available exclusively in select international markets  
Other export-only expressions are available in select international markets, including 80 proof Green Label Special Reserve, and the Japanese market's 80 proof Black Label, 93 proof Takara Red and 103 proof Takara Gold, all of which are aged for an additional two years  From 2014 to 2018 a 'Poland Limited Edition' release was bottled for the M&P Wine and Spirits Festival in Raszyn, Poland  Since 2019, this has been marketed as a 'Special Release' available to select European markets and retailers  Moreover, an annual collaboration with Parisian Whisky retailer La Maison du Whisky has been released every year since 2006, with the inaugural bottling celebrating the 50th Anniversary of La Maison, presented at their Whisky Festival 

Albert Blanton and the Buffalo Trace distillery
Blanton's bourbon was named in honor of one of the distillery's early leaders, Albert B  Blanton, who the company claims spent most of his life preserving the tradition of handcrafted bourbon  Blanton worked at the facility now known as the Buffalo Trace Distillery for approximately 55 years  He was born and raised on a farm just outside Frankfort, Kentucky, and he began working at the distillery (then called the O F C  Distillery or Old Fire Copper Distillery) in 1897 as an office boy when he was 16 years old  Over the next few years, he reportedly worked in every department, and in 1912 he was appointed superintendent of the distillery, its warehouse, and bottling shop – at the same time that the distillery was renamed to become the George T  Stagg Distillery  He became president of the whiskey plant in 1921  Blanton died in 1959 
The company refers to him as "Colonel Blanton", as he held the honorific title of Kentucky Colonel (a relatively common honorific bestowed by the Commonwealth of Kentucky)  The distillery had several owners during its history, and was renamed by its current owner, the Sazerac Company, to become the Buffalo Trace Distillery in 2001 
Elmer T  Lee, the originator of Blanton's, was hired by the distillery by Blanton in 1949  He introduced the Blanton's brand in 1984, a year before he retired, as the first modern brand of bourbon marketed as single barrel bourbon  Lee continued to act as an ambassador for Buffalo Trace until his death in 2013 
Passage 4:
Auguste Levêque
Auguste Levêque (1866 – 1921) was a Belgian painter influenced both by realism and symbolism  Levêque was also a sculptor, poet and art theoretician 
Levêque was born in Nivelles, Walloon Brabant  He studied under Jean-François Portaels at the Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts in Brussels, and received the Prix Godecharle for his painting Job in 1890 
Levêque was a member of the "Salon d'Art Idéaliste", formed by Jean Delville in Brussels in 1896, which is considered the Belgian equivalent to the Parisian Rose & Cross Salon  Other members of the group were  Léon Frédéric, Albert Ciamberlani, Constant Montald, Emile Motte, Victor Rousseau, Armand Point and Alexandre Séon  The Salon was abandoned in 1898  He died in Saint-Josse-ten-Noode 

Notable paintings
Job
Les Dentelles d'airain
Panthéra et Vipérena
Mater dolorosa
Circé
Dante
Parque
Repos
Ouvriers tragiques
Triomphe de la Mort
Moisson future
Hymne d'Amour
Repos de Diane
Combat de Centaures
Portrait d'Edmond Picard (I)
Portrait d'Edmond Picard (II)

Notable sculptures
Fin de Sodome
Triomphe de la Vigne
Combat d'amazones
Vision païenne
Passage 5:
KCC Corporation
KCC Corporation (renamed from Kumkang Korea Chemicals Co , Ltd  on February 25, 2005) is a Korean chemical and auto parts manufacturer, headquartered in Seoul, South Korea 

Operations
KCC's products include various kinds of paints, float glass, soft sponges, silicon, chassis, and car parts  This company is the biggest provider of construction materials and paints in South Korea  Various types of industrial materials such as epoxy moulding compound, alumina metallizing, silicone etc  are produced in 13 domestic locations 
KCC Corporation has 9 overseas liaison offices and 7 overseas factories over the world:

KCC Houston (Texas, U S  - Liaison Office)
KCC Tokyo (Tokyo, Japan - Liaison Office)
KCC Hong Kong (Hong Kong, China - Liaison Office)
KCC Dubai (Dubai, U A E  - Liaison Office)
KCC Greece (Piraeus, Greece - Liaison Office)
KCC Hamburg (Hamburg, Germany - Liaison Office)
KCC Iran (Teheran, Iran - Liaison Office)
KCC Moscow (Moscow, Russia - Liaison Office)
KCC Shanghai (Shanghai, China - Liaison Office)
KCC Kunshan (Shanghai, China - Paint Factory)
KCC Beijing (Beijing, China - Paint Factory)
KCC Guangzhou (Guangzhou, China - Paint Factory)
KCC Singapore (Singapore - Paint Factory)
KCC Malaysia (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia - Paint Factory)
KCC India (Chennai, India - Paint Factory)
KCC Turkey (Istanbul, Turkey - Paint Factory)
KCC Poland (Lublin, Poland - Liaison Office)
KCC Vietnam (Ho Chi Minh, VietNam - Liaison Office)

Main Rivals in Silicone Markets
KCC's silicone is one of major market which is developing  There are some main rivals for this Korean company to develop market as the list below:
Dow Corning (USA)
Momentive (USA)
Shin-Etsu (Japan)
Wacker (Germany)
Bluestar silicone (China)

Purchasing Basildon Chemical
April 2011, Basildon Chemicals was purchased by the KCC Corporation of Korea  In this partnership, KCC gains a company with a history in silicone emulsification 

See also
Economy of South Korea
Jeonju KCC Egis
Passage 6:
Intrall
Intrall, or International Truck Alliance, is a Russo-British automotive company with headquarters in London, England, and manufacturing in Poland   At the end of 2003, the company acquired from Intrall Treasury factory of Daewoo Motor Poland in Lublin, then operating from January 2004 to 2007 years, called Intrall Polska (Intrall Poland)   Under the new production in 2005, FSC Lublin and Honker models were produced under the Intrall brand   In 2006 the company acquired the rights to produce models of trucks of the Czech brand Praga   A brand-new commercial van/truck was developed called the Intrall Lubo 
Production was suspended in 2007 as tougher engine emission requirements were implemented, plus the Polish government (a major customer) required all Polish-military providers to be at least 50% owned by Polish interests  In October 2007, Intrall Polska was declared bankrupt by Polish court  In 2007, Intrall was declared bankrupt in London court 

Products
Lublin vehicles
Lublin Furgon all metal van
Lublin Furgon with raised roof
Lublin Towas work van
Lublin Kombi
Lublin Skrzyniowy flatbed
Lublin Brygadowy four door flatbed
Lublin Kontener - box body
Lublin special vehicles
Police, fire an emergency vehicles

Honker vehicles
Honker hardtop
Honker Softtop
Honker Skorpion - desert patrol vehicle [1]
Honker Sibil - civil version of the Skorpion
Honker special vehicles
Military ambulance

Gallery
See also
Honker
Passage 7:
Fleur-de-lis
The fleur-de-lis, also spelled fleur-de-lys (plural fleurs-de-lis or fleurs-de-lys), is a common heraldic charge in the shape of a lily (in French, fleur and lis mean 'flower' and 'lily' respectively)  Most notably, the fleur-de-lis is depicted on the traditional coat of arms of France that was used from the High Middle Ages until the French Revolution in 1792, and then again in brief periods in the 19th century  This design still represents France and the House of Bourbon in the form of marshalling in e g  the arms of Spain, Quebec and Canada 
Other European nations have also employed the symbol  The fleur-de-lis became "at one and the same time, religious, political, dynastic, artistic, emblematic, and symbolic," especially in French heraldry  The Virgin Mary and Saint Joseph are among saints often depicted with a lily 
The fleur-de-lis is represented in Unicode at U+269C ⚜  in the Miscellaneous Symbols block 

Origin
The fleur-de-lis is widely thought to be a stylized version of the species Iris pseudacorus, or Iris florentina  However, the lily (genus Lilium, family Liliaceae) and the iris (family Iridaceae) are two different plants, phylogenetically and taxonomically unrelated  Lily (in Italian: giglio) is the name usually associated with the stylized flower in the Florentine heraldic devices 
Decorative ornaments that resemble the fleur-de-lis have appeared in artwork from the earliest human civilizations  According to Pierre-Augustin Boissier de Sauvages, an 18th-century French naturalist and lexicographer:
The old fleurs-de-lis, especially the ones found in our first kings' sceptres, have a lot less in common with ordinary lilies than the flowers called flambas [in Occitan], or irises, from which the name of our own fleur-de-lis may derive  What gives some colour of truth to this hypothesis that we already put forth, is the fact that the French or Franks, before entering Gaul itself, lived for a long time around the river named Lys in the Flanders  Nowadays, this river is still bordered with an exceptional number of irises —as many plants grow for centuries in the same places—: these irises have yellow flowers, which is not a typical feature of lilies but fleurs-de-lis  It was thus understandable that our kings, having to choose a symbolic image for what later became a coat of arms, set their minds on the iris, a flower that was common around their homes, and is also as beautiful as it was remarkable  They called it, in short, the fleur-de-lis, instead of the flower of the river of lis  This flower, or iris, looks like our fleur-de-lis not just because of its yellow colour but also because of its shape: of the six petals, or leaves, that it has, three of them are alternatively straight and meet at their tops  The other three on the opposite, bend down so that the middle one seems to make one with the stalk and only the two ones facing out from left and right can clearly be seen, which is again similar with our fleurs-de-lis, that is to say exclusively the one from the river Luts whose white petals bend down too when the flower blooms 

The heraldist François Velde is known to have expressed the same opinion:
However, a hypothesis ventured in the 17th c  sounds very plausible to me  One species of wild iris, the Iris pseudacorus, yellow flag in English, is yellow and grows in marshes (cf  the azure field, for water)  Its name in German is Lieschblume (also gelbe Schwertlilie), but Liesch was also spelled Lies and Leys in the Middle Ages  It is easy to imagine that, in Northern France, the Lieschblume would have been called 'fleur-de-lis'  This would explain the name and the formal origin of the design, as a stylized yellow flag  There is a fanciful legend about Clovis which links the yellow flag explicitly with the French coat of arms 
Sauvages' hypothesis seems to be supported by the archaic English spelling fleur-de-luce and by the Luts's variant name Lits 

Alternative derivations
Another (debated) hypothesis is that the symbol derives from the angon or sting,  a typical Frankish throwing spear  The medieval Bec de Corban, a bladed and hooked polearm, bears similarities to the symbol as well  
A possibly derived symbol of Frankish royalty was the bee, of similar shape, as found in the burial of Childric I, whose royal see of power over the Salian Franks was based over the valley of the Lys Other imaginative explanations include the shape having been developed from the image of a dove descending, which is the symbol of the Holy Ghost 

Ancient usages
It has consistently been used as a royal emblem, though different cultures have interpreted its meaning in varying ways  Gaulish coins show the first Western designs which look similar to modern fleurs-de-lis  In the East it was found on the gold helmet of a Scythian king uncovered at the Ak-Burun kurgan and conserved in Saint Petersburg's Hermitage Museum 

Heraldic use
France
While the fleur-de-lis has appeared on countless European coats of arms and flags over the centuries, it is particularly associated with the French monarchy in a historical context and continues to appear in the arms of the king of Spain (from the French House of Bourbon), the grand duke of Luxembourg, and members of the House of Bourbon  It remains an enduring symbol of France which appears on French postage stamps, although it has never been adopted officially by any of the French republics  According to French historian Georges Duby, the three petals represent the three medieval social estates: the commoners, the nobility, and the clergy Although the origin of the fleur-de-lis is unclear, it has retained an association with French nobility  It is widely used in French city emblems as in the coat of arms of the city of Lille, Saint-Denis, Brest, Clermont-Ferrand, Boulogne-Billancourt, and Calais  Some cities that had been particularly faithful to the French Crown were awarded a heraldic augmentation of two or three fleurs-de-lis on the chief of their coat of arms; such cities include Paris, Lyon, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Reims, Le Havre, Angers, Le Mans, Aix-en-Provence, Tours, Limoges, Amiens, Orléans, Rouen, Argenteuil, Poitiers, Chartres, and Laon, among others  The fleur-de-lis was the symbol of Île-de-France, the core of the French kingdom  It has appeared on the coat-of-arms of other historical provinces of France including Burgundy, Anjou, Picardy, Berry, Orléanais, Bourbonnais, Maine, Touraine, Artois, Dauphiné, Saintonge, and the County of La Marche  Many of the current French departments use the symbol on their coats-of-arms to express this heritage 

The graphic evolution of crita to fleur-de-lis was accompanied by textual allegory  By the late 13th century, an allegorical poem by Guillaume de Nangis (d  1300), written at Joyenval Abbey in Chambourcy, relates how the golden lilies on an azure ground were miraculously substituted for the crescents on Clovis' shield, a projection into the past of contemporary images of heraldry The fleur-de-lis' symbolic origins with French monarchs may stem from the baptismal lily used in the crowning of King Clovis I  The French monarchy may have adopted the Fleur-de-lis for its royal coat of arms as a symbol of purity to commemorate the conversion of Clovis I, and a reminder of the Fleur-de-lis ampulla that held the oil used to anoint the king  So, the fleur-de-lis stood as a symbol of the king's divinely approved right to rule  The thus "anointed" kings of France later maintained that their authority was directly from God  A legend enhances the mystique of royalty by informing us that a vial of oil—the Holy Ampulla—descended from Heaven to anoint and sanctify Clovis as King, descending directly on Clovis or perhaps brought by a dove to Saint Remigius  One version explains that an angel descended with the Fleur-de-lis ampulla to anoint the king  Another story tells of Clovis putting a flower in his helmet just before his victory at the Battle of Vouillé  Through this propagandist connection to Clovis, the fleur-de-lis has been taken in retrospect to symbolize all the Christian Frankish kings, most notably Charlemagne In the 14th-century French writers asserted that the monarchy of France, which developed from the Kingdom of the West Franks, could trace its heritage back to the divine gift of royal arms received by Clovis  This story has remained popular, even though modern scholarship has established that the fleur-de-lis was a religious symbol before it was a true heraldic symbol  Along with true lilies, it was associated with the Virgin Mary, and in the 12th century Louis VI and Louis VII (House of Capet) started to use the emblem, on sceptres for example, so connecting their rulership with this symbol of saintliness and divine right  Louis VII ordered the use of fleur-de-lis clothing in his son Philip's coronation in 1179, while the first visual evidence of clearly heraldic use dates from 1211: a seal showing the future Louis VIII and his shield strewn with the "flowers"  Until the late 14th century the French royal coat of arms was Azure semé-de-lis Or (a blue shield "sown" (semé) with a scattering of small golden fleurs-de-lis), but Charles V of France changed the design from an all-over scattering to a group of three in about 1376  These two coats are known in heraldic terminology as France Ancient and France Modern, respectively 

In the reign of King Louis IX (St  Louis) the three petals of the flower were said to represent faith, wisdom and chivalry, and to be a sign of divine favour bestowed on France  During the next century, the 14th, the tradition of Trinity symbolism was established in France, and then spread elsewhere In 1328, King Edward III of England inherited a claim to the crown of France, and in about 1340 he quartered France Ancient with the arms of Plantagenet, as "arms of pretence"    After the kings of France adopted France Modern, the kings of England adopted the new design as quarterings from about 1411  The monarchs of England (and later of Great Britain) continued to quarter the French arms until 1801, when George III abandoned his formal claim to the French throne King Charles VII ennobled Joan of Arc's family on 29 December 1429 with an inheritable symbolic denomination  The Chamber of Accounts in France registered the family's designation to nobility on 20 January 1430  The grant permitted the family to change their surname to du Lys 

France Moderne
France moderne remained the French royal standard, and with a white background was the French national flag until the French Revolution, when it was replaced by the tricolor of modern-day France  The fleur-de-lis was restored to the French flag in 1814, but replaced once again after the revolution against Charles X of France in 1830  In a very strange turn of events after the end of the Second French Empire, where a flag apparently influenced the course of history, Henri, comte de Chambord, was offered the throne as King of France, but he agreed only if France gave up the tricolor and brought back the white flag with fleurs-de-lis  His condition was rejected and France became a republic 

Other contries
In Brazil, the city of Joinville has three fleurs-de-lis surmounted with a label of three points on its flag and coat of arms  Due to the city is named after François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville, son of King Louis-Philippe I of France, who married Princess Francisca of Brazil in 1843 
The fleur-de-lis appears on the coat of Guadeloupe, an overseas département of France in the Caribbean, Saint Barthélemy, an overseas collectivity of France, and French Guiana  The overseas department of Réunion in the Indian Ocean uses the same feature  It appears on the coat of Port Louis, the capital of Mauritius which was named in honour of King Louis XV  On the coat of arms of Saint Lucia it represents the French heritage of the country 
In Ukraine, the Foreign Intelligence Service used the emblem with the coat of arms of Ukraine in conjunction with four golden fleurs-de-lis, along with the motto "Omnia, Vincit, Veritas" 

Municipal coats-of-arms
Fleurs-de-lis feature prominently in the Crown Jewels of England and Scotland  In English heraldry, they are used in many different ways, and can be the cadency mark of the sixth son  Additionally, it features in a large number of royal arms of the House of Plantagenet, from the 13th century onwards to the early Tudors (Elizabeth of York and the de la Pole family) The tressure flory–counterflory (flowered border) has been a prominent part of the design of the Scottish royal arms and Royal Standard since James I of Scotland 

In Italy, fleurs-de-lis have been used for some papal crowns and coats of arms, the Farnese Dukes of Parma, and by some doges of Venice The fleur-de-lis was also the symbol of the House of Kotromanić, a ruling house in medieval Bosnia allegedly in recognition of the Capetian House of Anjou, where the flower is thought of as a Lilium bosniacum  Today, fleur-de-lis is a national symbol of Bosniaks Other countries include Spain in recognition of rulers from the House of Bourbon  Coins minted in 14th-century Romania, from the region that was the Principality of Moldova at the time, ruled by Petru I Mușat, carry the fleur-de-lis symbol As a dynastic emblem it has also been very widely used: not only by noble families but also, for example, by the Fuggers, a medieval banking family 
Three fleurs-de-lis appeared in the personal coat of arms of Grandmaster Alof de Wignacourt who ruled the Malta between 1601 and 1622  His nephew Adrien de Wignacourt, who was Grandmaster himself from 1690 to 1697, also had a similar coat of arms with three fleurs-de-lis 
The heraldic fleur-de-lis is still widespread: among the numerous cities which use it as a symbol are some whose names echo the word 'lily', for example, Liljendal, Finland, and Lelystad, Netherlands  This is called canting arms in heraldic terminology  Other European examples of municipal coats-of-arms bearing the fleur-de-lis include Lincoln in England, Morcín in Spain, Wiesbaden and Darmstadt in Germany, Skierniewice in Poland and Jurbarkas in Lithuania  The Swiss municipality of Schlieren and the Estonian municipality of Jõelähtme also have a fleur-de-lis on their coats In Malta, the town of Santa Venera has three red fleurs-de-lis on its flag and coat of arms  These are derived from an arch which was part of the Wignacourt Aqueduct that had three sculpted fleurs-de-lis on top, as they were the heraldic symbols of Alof de Wignacourt, the Grand Master who financed its building  Another suburb which developed around the area became known as Fleur-de-Lys, and it also features a red fleur-de-lis on its flag and coat of arms 

Albania
In Albania, fleur-de-lys (alb: Lulja e Zambakut) has been always associated with the Noble House of Topia  After the Ottoman invasion of Albania, the symbol was removed by the Toptani family, a branch of the Topia Family 

Belarus
The Belarusian Scouting and Guiding organization that, while preserving the traditions of the past, uses a fleur-de-lis as a symbol 

Bosnia and Herzegovina
The golden lily is a traditional symbol of the Bosniak people  The coat of arms of the medieval Kingdom of Bosnia contained six fleurs-de-lis, understood as the native Bosnian or Golden Lily, Lilium bosniacum  This emblem was revived in 1992 as a national symbol of the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina and was the flag of Bosnia-Herzegovina from 1992 to 1998  The state insignia were changed in 1999  The former flag of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina contains a fleur-de-lis alongside the Croatian chequy  Fleurs also appear in the flags and arms of many cantons, municipalities, cities and towns  It is still used as official insignia of the Bosniak Regiment of the Armed Forces of Bosnia and Herzegovina 

Canada
The Royal Banner of France or "Bourbon Flag"  symbolizing royal France, was the most commonly used flag in New France  The  "Bourbon Flag" has three gold fleur-de-lis on a dark blue field arranged two and one  The fleur-de-lys was also seen on New France's currency often referred to as "card money"  The white Royal Banner of France was used by the military of New France and was seen on naval vessels and forts of New France  After the fall of New France to the British Empire the fleur-de-lys remained visible on churches and remained part of French cultural symbolism  There are many French-speaking Canadians for whom the fleur-de-lis remains a symbol of their French cultural identity  Québécois, Franco-Ontarians, Franco-Ténois and Franco-Albertans, feature the fleur-de-lis prominently on their flags 
The Fleur-de-lys, as a traditional Royal symbol in Canada, has been incorporated into many national symbols, provincial symbols and
municipal symbols, The Canadian Red Ensign that served as the nautical flag and civil ensign for Canada from 1892 to 1965 and later as an informal flag of Canada before 1965 featured the traditional number of three golden fleur-de-lys on a blue background  The Arms of Canada throughout its variations has used fleur-de-lys, beginning in 1921 and subsequent various has featuring the blue "Bourbon Flag" in two locations within arms  The Canadian Royal cypher and the Arms of Canada feature St Edward's Crown that displays five cross pattée and four fleur-de-lys   The fleur-de-lis is featured on the flag of Quebec, known as the Fleurdelisé, as well as the flags of the cities of Montreal, Sherbrooke and Trois-Rivières 

Italy
In Italy, the fleur de lis - called giglio bottonato (it) - is mainly known from the crest of the city of Florence  In the Florentine fleurs-de-lis  the stamens are always posed between the petals  Originally argent (silver or white) on gules (red) background, the emblem became the standard of the imperial party in Florence (parte ghibellina), causing the town government, which maintained a staunch Guelph stance, being strongly opposed to the imperial pretensions on city states, to reverse the color pattern to the final gules lily on argent background  This heraldic charge is often known as the Florentine lily to distinguish it from the conventional (stamen-not-shown) design  As an emblem of the city, it is therefore found in icons of Zenobius, its first bishop, and associated with Florence's patron Saint John the Baptist in the Florentine fiorino  Several towns subjugated by Florence or founded within the territory of the Florentine Republic adopted a variation of the Florentine lily in their crests, often without the stamens 

Lithuania
The design of the arms of Jurbarkas is believed to originate from the arms of the Sapieha house, a Lithuanian noble family which was responsible for Jurbarkas receiving city rights and a coat of arms in 1611 The three fleurs-de-lis design on the Jurbarkas coat of arms was abolished during the final years of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, but officially restored in 1993 after the independence of present-day Lithuania was re-established  Before restoration, several variant designs, such as using one over two fleurs-de-lis, had been restored and abolished  The original two over one version was briefly readopted in 1970 during the Soviet occupation, but abolished that same year 

United Kingdom
In the United Kingdom, a fleur-de-lis has appeared in the official arms of the Norroy King of Arms for hundreds of years  A silver fleur-de-lis on a blue background is the arms of the Barons Digby In English and Canadian heraldry the fleur-de-lis is the cadence mark of a sixth son It can also be found on the arms of the Scottish clan Chiefs of both Carruthers; Gules two engrailed chevrons between three fleur-d-lis Or and the Brouns/Browns: Gules a chevron between three fleur d-lis Or 

United States
Fleurs-de-lis crossed the Atlantic along with Europeans going to the New World, especially with French settlers  Their presence on North American flags and coats of arms usually recalls the involvement of French settlers in New France of the town or region concerned, and in some cases the persisting presence there of a population descended from such settlers 

In the US, the fleur-de-lis symbols tend to be along or near the Mississippi and Missouri rivers  These are areas of strong French colonial empire settlement  Some of the places that have it in their flag or seal are the cities of Baton Rouge, Detroit, Lafayette, Louisville, Mobile, New Orleans, Ocean Springs and St  Louis  On 9 July 2008, Louisiana governor Bobby Jindal signed a bill into law making the fleur-de-lis an official symbol of the state  Following Hurricane Katrina on 29 August 2005, the fleur-de-lis has been widely used in New Orleans and throughout Louisiana, as a symbol of grassroots support for New Orleans' recovery  The coat of arms of St  Augustine, Florida has a fleur-de-lis on the first quarter, due to its connection with Huguenots  Several counties have flags and seals based on pre-1801 British royal arms also includes fleur-de-lis symbols  They are King George County, Virginia and Prince George's County, Somerset County, Kent County, and Montgomery County in Maryland 
It has also become the symbol for the identity of the Cajuns and Louisiana Creole people, and their French heritage 

Military
Fleurs-de-lis are featured in military healdry  E g , in the United States, the New Jersey Army National Guard unit 112th Field Artillery (Self Propelled)—part of the much larger 42nd Infantry Division Mechanized—which has it in the upper left side of their distinctive unit insignia; the U S  Army's 2nd Cavalry Regiment, 319th Airborne Field Artillery Regiment, 62nd Medical Brigade, 256th Infantry Brigade Combat Team; and the Corps of Cadets at Louisiana State University   The U S  Air Force's Special Operations Weather Beret Flash also used a fleurs-de-lis in its design, carried over from its Vietnam War era Commando Weatherman Beret Flash  It is also featured by the Israeli Intelligence Corps, and the First World War Canadian Expeditionary Force  In the British Army, the fleur-de-lis was the cap badge of the Manchester Regiment from 1922 until 1958, and also its successor, the King's Regiment up to its amalgamation in 2006  It commemorates the capture of French regimental colours by their predecessors, the 63rd Regiment of Foot, during the Invasion of Martinique in 1759  It is also the formation sign of the 2nd (Independent) Armored Brigade of the Indian Army, known as the 7th Indian Cavalry Brigade in First World War, which received the emblem for its actions in France 

In religion and art
In the Middle Ages, the symbols of lily and fleur-de-lis overlapped considerably in Christian religious art  The historian Michel Pastoureau says that until about 1300 they were found in depictions of Jesus, but gradually they took on Marian symbolism and were associated with the Song of Solomon's "lily among thorns" (lilium inter spinas), understood as a reference to Mary  Other scripture and religious literature in which the lily symbolizes purity and chastity also helped establish the flower as an iconographic attribute of the Virgin  It was also believed that the fleur-de-lis represented the Holy Trinity In medieval England, from the mid-12th century, a noblewoman's seal often showed the lady with a fleur-de-lis, drawing on the Marian connotations of "female virtue and spirituality"  Images of Mary holding the flower first appeared in the 11th century on coins issued by cathedrals dedicated to her, and next on the seals of cathedral chapters, starting with Notre Dame de Paris in 1146  A standard portrayal was of Mary carrying the flower in her right hand, just as she is shown in that church's Virgin of Paris statue (with lily), and in the centre of the stained glass rose window (with fleur-de-lis sceptre) above its main entrance  The flowers may be "simple fleurons, sometimes garden lilies, sometimes genuine heraldic fleurs-de-lis"  As attributes of the Madonna, they are often seen in pictures of the Annunciation, notably in those of Sandro Botticelli and Filippo Lippi  Lippi also uses both flowers in other related contexts: for instance, in his Madonna in the Forest 
The three petals of the heraldic design reflect a widespread association with the Holy Trinity, with the band on the bottom symbolizing Mary  The tradition says that without Mary you can not understand the Trinity since it was she who bore the Son  A tradition going back to 14th century France added onto the earlier belief that they also represented faith, wisdom and chivalry  Alternatively, the cord can be seen as representing the one Divine Substance (godhood) of the three Persons, which binds Them together 
"Flower of light" symbolism has sometimes been understood from the archaic variant fleur-de-luce (see Latin lux, luc- = "light"), but the Oxford English Dictionary suggests this arose from the spelling, not from the etymology 

Sports
The fleur-de-lis is used by a number of sports teams, especially when it echoes a local flag  This is true with the teams from Quebec (Nordiques (ex-NHL), Montreal Expos (ex-MLB) and CF Montréal (MLS)), the teams of New Orleans, Louisiana (Saints (NFL), Pelicans (NBA), and Zephyrs (PCL)), the Serie A team Fiorentina, the Bundesliga side SV Darmstadt 98 (also known as Die Lilien – The Lilies), the Rugby league team Wakefield Trinity Wildcats, the NPSL team Detroit City FC Marc-André Fleury, a Canadian ice hockey goaltender, has a fleur-de-lis logo on his mask  The UFC Welterweight Champion from 2006 to 2013, Georges St-Pierre, has a tattoo of the fleur-de-lis on his right calf  The IT University of Copenhagen's soccer team ITU F C  has it in their logo  France uses the symbol in the official emblem on the 2019 FIFA Women's World Cup 

Education
The emblem appears in coats of arms and logos for universities (like Washington University in St  Louis, Saint Louis University in Spain, University of Lincoln in England and University of Louisiana at Lafayette) and schools such as in Hilton College (South Africa), Adamson University and St  Paul's University in the Philippines  The Lady Knights of the University of Arkansas at Monticello have also adopted the fleur de lis as one of the symbols associated with their coat of arms  The flag of Lincolnshire, adopted in 2005, has a fleur-de-lis for the city of Lincoln  It is one of the symbols of the American sororities Kappa Kappa Gamma and Theta Phi Alpha, the American fraternities Alpha Epsilon Pi, Sigma Alpha Epsilon and Sigma Alpha Mu, as well as the international co-ed service fraternity Alpha Phi Omega  It is also used by the high school and college fraternity Scouts Royale Brotherhood of the Philippines 

Scouting
The fleur-de-lis is the main element in the logo of most Scouting organizations  The symbol was first used by Sir Robert Baden-Powell as an arm-badge for soldiers who qualified as scouts (reconnaissance specialists) in the 5th Dragoon Guards, which he commanded at the end of the 19th century; it was later used in cavalry regiments throughout the British Army until 1921  In 1907, Baden-Powell made brass fleur-de-lis badges for the boys attending his first experimental "Boy Scout" camp at Brownsea Island  In his seminal book Scouting for Boys, Baden-Powell referred to the motif as "the arrowhead which shows the North on a map or a compass" and continued; "It is the Badge of the Scout because it points in the right direction and upward    The three points remind you of the three points of the Scout Promise", being duty to God and country, helping others, and keeping the Scout Law  The World Scout Emblem of the World Organization of the Scout Movement has elements which are used by most national Scout organizations  The stars stand for truth and knowledge, the encircling rope for unity, and its reef knot or square knot, service 

Organizations
Fleurs-de-lis appear on military insignia and the logos of many organisations  During the 20th century the symbol was adopted by various Scouting organisations worldwide for their badges  Architects and designers use it alone and as a repeated motif in a wide range of contexts, from ironwork to bookbinding, especially where a French context is implied 

Healdic feature in architecture
In building and architecture, the fleur-de-lis is often placed on top of iron fence posts, as a pointed defence against intruders  It may ornament any tip, point or post with a decorative flourish, for instance, on finials, the arms of a cross, or the point of a gable  The fleur-de-lis can be incorporated in friezes or cornices, although the distinctions between fleur-de-lis, fleuron, and other stylized flowers are not always clear, or can be used as a motif in an all-over tiled pattern, perhaps on a floor 
It may appear in a building for heraldic reasons, as in some English churches where the design paid a compliment to a local lord who used the flower on his coat of arms  Elsewhere the effect seems purely visual, like the crenellations on the 14th-century Muslim Mosque-Madrassa of Sultan Hassan 
It can also be seen on the doors of the 16th-century Hindu Padmanabhaswamy Temple 

Derived non-heraldic usage
Some modern usage of the fleur-de-lis reflects "the continuing presence of heraldry in everyday life", often intentionally, but also when users are not aware that they are "prolonging the life of centuries-old insignia and emblems" 

The symbol may be used in less traditional ways  After Hurricane Katrina many New Orleanians of varying ages and backgrounds were tattooed with "one of its cultural emblems" as a "memorial" of the storm, according to a researcher at Tulane University  The US Navy Blue Angels have named a looping flight demonstration manoeuvre after the flower as well, and there are even two surgical procedures called "after the fleur "
American automobile manufacturer Chevrolet takes its name from the racing driver Louis Chevrolet, who was born in Switzerland   But, because the Chevrolet name is French, the manufacturer has used the fleur-de-lis emblems on their cars, most notably the Corvette, but also as a small detail in the badges and emblems on the front of a variety of full-size Chevys from the 1950s, and 1960s   The fleur-de-lis has also been featured more prominently in the emblems of the Caprice sedan A fleur-de-lis also appears in some of the logos of local Louisiana media, such as WGNO-TV and WVUE-TV, the local ABC-affiliated and Fox-affiliated television stations in New Orleans respectively 
The fleur-de-lis is one of the objects to drop during the New Year's Eve celebrations in New Orleans, which was broadcast for the first time during Dick Clark's New Year's Rockin' Eve '17 with Ryan Seacrest 
New Orleans sludge metal band Crowbar use it as a logo  It's appeared on every album cover since Lifesblood for the Downtrodden and is sometimes incorporated into the artwork (on The Serpent Only Lies as a snake and on Sever the Wicked Hand as a sword's hilt)  The Fleur-de-lis is also used decoratively on fire apparatus 

Compass rose
The symbol is also often used on a compass rose to mark the north direction, a tradition started by the Portuguese cartographer Jorge de Aguiar in his chart of 1492 

Slave branding
In Mauritius, slaves were branded with a fleur-de-lis, when being punished for escaping or stealing food In France, some categories of outlaws were branded with a fleur de lys iron rod as a punishment for crimes involving a banishment sentence  In 1724, the punishment evolved in a system of letters brandings relative to the crime  The fleur de lys became an exclusive punishment for slaves in the colonies 
The fleur-de-lis (or flower de Luce) could be branded on slaves as punishment for certain offenses in French Louisiana   For instance, the Louisiana Code Noir (1724) stated:

XXXII  The runaway slave, who shall continue to be so for one month from the day of his being denounced to the officers of justice, shall have his ears cut off, and shall be branded with the flower de luce on the shoulder: and on a second offence of the same nature, persisted in during one month from the day of his being denounced, he shall be hamstrung, and be marked with the flower de luce on the other shoulder  On the third offence, he shall suffer death" 
The Code Noir was an arrangement of controls received in Louisiana in 1724 from other French settlements around the globe, intended to represent the state's slave populace  Those guidelines included marking slaves with the fleur-de-lis as discipline for fleeing 

In fiction
The symbol has featured in modern fiction on historical and mystical themes, as in the bestselling novel The Da Vinci Code and other books discussing the Priory of Sion  It recurs in French literature, where examples well known in English translation include Fleur-de-Lys de Gondelaurier, a character in The Hunchback of Notre Dame by Victor Hugo, and the mention in Dumas's The Three Musketeers of the old custom of branding a criminal with the sign (fleurdeliser)  During the reign of Elizabeth I of England, known as the Elizabethan era, it was a standard name for an iris, a usage which lasted for centuries, but occasionally refers to lilies or other flowers  It also appeared in the novel A Confederacy of Dunces by John Kennedy Toole on a sign composed by the protagonist 

In John Steinbeck's East of Eden, Cathy Ames ("Kate") wears a gold watch with a fleur-de-lis pin around her neck A variation on the symbol has also been used in the Star Wars franchise to represent the planet of Naboo  The fleur de lis is also used as the heraldic emblem for the Kingdom of Temeria in Andrzej Sapkowski's fantasy novel series The Witcher 
The fleur de lis has also been used in the TV series The Originals, in which it is used to represent the Mikaelson family, the first vampires in the world  The symbol's representation of unity and its usage in New Orleans where the show is set, are used to represent the vow three of the Mikaelson siblings made to each other that they remain together, always and forever 
The fleur de lis is displayed in Champion, a cavalry unit that appears in Heroes of Might and Magic V: Tribes of the East, and is also a symbol adopted by the Sisters of Battle, a faction in Warhammer 40,000  A heavily stylized fleur de lis symbol can also be recognized as the symbol of the ICA in the Hitman series of video games The Pokémon villain Lysandre; whose debut game was Pokémon X and Y is known in Japan as フラダリ (Furadari); a romanised name for the fleur-de-lis  Relevant is that Pokémon X and Y are inspired by France  Many locations and landmarks across Kalos have real-world inspirations, including Prism Tower (Eiffel Tower), the Lumiose Art Museum (the Louvre) and the stones outside Geosenge Town (Carnac stones) This symbol is also used as the icon for the fictional street gang "Third Street Saints" in the Saints Row series 
The symbol is also seen in the video games Gangstar: New Orleans and Persona 5, on Yusuke Kitagawa's shirt 

See also
Cross fleury
Floral emblem
Armorial of France
The Golden Lily (disambiguation)
Iris florentina
Iris pseudacorus
Jessant-de-lys
Lilium
Palmette
Prince of Wales's feathers
Shamrock
Scottish thistle
Tree of LifeUse of the lily in coinage and coat-of-arms in the Land of Israel/PalestineAcre, Israel, where the Hospitaller refectory contains two early depictions of the French fleur-de-lis
Hasmonean coinage, coins minted during Hasmonean rule, sometimes depicting a lily
Yehud coinage, Achaemenid period coinage often depicting a lily

Explanatory notes
Passage 8:
Sazerac
The Sazerac is a local variation of a cognac or whiskey cocktail originally from New Orleans, named for the Sazerac de Forge et Fils brand of cognac brandy that served as its original main ingredient  The drink is most traditionally a combination of
cognac or rye whiskey, absinthe, Peychaud's Bitters, and sugar, although bourbon whiskey is sometimes substituted for the rye and Herbsaint is sometimes substituted for the absinthe  Some claim it is the oldest known American cocktail, with origins in antebellum New Orleans, although drink historian David Wondrich is among those who dispute this, and American instances of published usage of the word cocktail to describe a mixture of spirits, bitters, and sugar can be traced to the dawn of the 19th century 

Characteristics
The defining feature of the Sazerac is its method of preparation, which commonly involves two chilled old-fashioned glasses  The first glass is swirled with a wash of absinthe for its flavor and strong scent  The second glass is used to combine the remaining ingredients, which are stirred with ice, then strained into the first glass  Various anisettes such as pastis, Pernod, or Herbsaint are common substitutes when absinthe is unavailable  In New Orleans, Herbsaint is most commonly used due to the absence of absinthe in the U S  market from 1912 until 2007 

History
Around 1850, Sewell T  Taylor sold his New Orleans bar, the Merchants Exchange Coffee House, to become an importer of spirits, and he began to import a brand of cognac named Sazerac-de-Forge et Fils  Meanwhile, Aaron Bird assumed proprietorship of the Merchants Exchange and changed its name to Sazerac Coffee House  On October 2, 2019, the Sazerac House opened to the public as a museum and immersive experience that shares the history of the New Orleans cocktail culture, including the Sazerac Legend has it that Bird began serving the "Sazerac Cocktail", made with Sazerac cognac imported by Taylor, and allegedly with bitters being made by the local apothecary, Antoine Amedie Peychaud  The Sazerac Coffee House subsequently changed hands several times, until around 1870 Thomas Handy became its proprietor  It is around this time that the primary ingredient changed from cognac to rye whiskey, due to the phylloxera epidemic in Europe that devastated the vineyards of France At some point before his death in 1889, Handy recorded the recipe for the cocktail, which made its first printed appearance in William T  "Cocktail Bill" Boothby's The World's Drinks and How to Mix Them (1908), although his recipe calls for Selner Bitters, not Peychaud's  After absinthe was banned in the United States in 1912, it was replaced by various anise-flavored liqueurs, most notably the locally produced Herbsaint, which first appeared in 1934 By the early 20th century, simple cocktails like the Sazerac had become rare, which eventually rekindled their popularity The creation of the Sazerac has also been credited to Antoine Amédée Peychaud, a Creole apothecary who emigrated to New Orleans from the West Indies and set up shop in the French Quarter in the early 19th century  He was known to dispense a proprietary mix of aromatic bitters from an old family recipe  
According to popular myth, he served his drink in the large end of an egg cup that was called a coquetier in French, and the Americanized mispronunciation resulted in the name cocktail  This belief was debunked when people discovered that the term "cocktail" as a type of drink first appeared in print at least as far back as 1803—and was defined in print in 1806 as, "a mixture of spirits of any kind, water, sugar and bitters, vulgarly called a bittered sling" 

Official cocktail of New Orleans
In March 2008, Louisiana state senator Edwin R  Murray (D-New Orleans) filed Senate Bill 6 designating the Sazerac as Louisiana's official state cocktail  The bill was defeated on April 8, 2008  After further debate, on June 23, 2008, the Louisiana Legislature agreed to proclaim the Sazerac as New Orleans' official cocktail In 2011, as a writer for the HBO TV series Treme, Anthony Bourdain penned a scene in which chef Janette Desautel (played by Kim Dickens) tosses one in the face of restaurant critic and food writer Alan Richman (appearing as himself)  Richman had angered many New Orleanians in 2006 with an article in the magazine GQ, in which he criticized New Orleans' food culture post-Hurricane Katrina  Despite reservations, he agreed to participate in the scene and called Sazerac "a good choice of weaponry, because it symbolizes the city", despite a running feud with Bourdain over, among other things, the review 

Similar cocktails
A cocktail named the Zazarack was included in the 1910 version of Jack's Manual, an early bartender's reference written by Jacob "Jack" Grohusko, the head bartender at Baracca's restaurant in New York  It is essentially the same cocktail as the Sazerac, but called for bourbon (and not rye) instead of cognac Later versions of the drink were spelled Zazarac and added rum, and are thought by some to be a variant of the Sazerac, although it might have originated completely independently of the more famous drink 

Brands
Sazerac is also a brand of rye whiskey produced by the Sazerac Company 

See also
List of cocktails
Old Fashioned
Passage 9:
Marie Ragghianti
Marie Fajardo Ragghianti (born June 13, 1942) is an American parole board administrator, famous as the whistleblower who exposed Tennessee Governor Ray Blanton's "clemency for cash" scandal in 1977-79 
Ragghianti grew up in Florida, where she was regarded as a beauty queen  She married a boxer, but her husband became an alcoholic  Their son nearly died from a lung infection at the age of two  They divorced, leaving Ragghianti with three young children In 1971, at the age of 29, Ragghianti won a scholarship to Vanderbilt University, and earned a Bachelor of Science in English Literature and Psychology (1975)  She was active in the Vanderbilt Young Democrats Club and caught the attention of newly elected governor Blanton's legal counsel, T  Edward "Eddie" Sisk  She was an extradition officer for the Tennessee Department of Correction (1975–76) and the chair of the Tennessee Board of Pardons and Paroles (1976–77) Ragghianti earned a M S  in Management of Human Services in 1978 from Vanderbilt University, and a Master of Public Administration (M P A ) from the Harvard University John F  Kennedy School of Government in 1992  She worked as a consultant to the Tennessee legislature in 1979  From 1979 through 1997, she worked as a criminal justice consultant  From 1997 through 1999, she worked as the chief of staff for the United States Parole Commission Ragghianti was responsible for a federal investigation of corruption in the Tennessee parole and pardon process that led to the conviction of the governor and two aides, and was the subject of the 1985 movie Marie  Her attorney during the trial was Fred Thompson, who began his acting career portraying himself in the movie 
Ragghianti received the Goldsmith Award for journalism while attending the Kennedy School of Government and was a National Institute on Drug Abuse fellow while attending the graduate program in criminal justice at the University of Albany, SUNY She was appointed a member of the U S  Parole Commission National Appeals Board on December 9, 1999, by President Bill Clinton in a recess appointment  She was designated as the board's vice chairperson on January 6, 2000  Her appointment expired December 15, 2000 after no action on her nomination had been taken by the United States Senate 
Passage 10:
Aérodrome Saint-Louis
The Aérodrome Saint-Louis, also called Aérodrome du Bois Gomin or Canadian Transcontinental Airways Airport, was the first airfield of the Quebec City area of Quebec, Canada  It was located in the suburb of Sainte-Foy 
It was established by Canadian Transcontinental Airways (1927–38)  (Compagnie Aérienne Transcontinentale) in 1928 in the fields between Cap-Rouge Road (now called Chemin Saint-Louis) and Gomin Road (Chemin Gomin), east of the Route de l'Église where the Laurier Québec and Place Sainte-Foy shopping centres are currently located  It was used during winter to transport mail between Montreal and Rimouski 
It was closed in 1938, when Canadian Transcontinental Airways ceased operations, and in 1939 a new airfield was established in Quebec City; Aéroport de l'Ancienne Lorette, today known as Québec City Jean Lesage International Airport 

See also
List of airports in Canada
Québec/Lac Saint-Augustin Water Airport

External links
Un chemin Gomin au long parcours
Context 2: Passage 1:
Breakfast at Tiffany's (song)
"Breakfast at Tiffany's" is a song by American alternative rock band Deep Blue Something  Originally appearing on their 1993 album 11th Song, it was later re-recorded and released on their 1995 album Home  Released as a single in July 1995, the song was the band's only hit in the United States, peaking at number five on the US Billboard Hot 100 in January 1996  Outside the United States, "Breakfast at Tiffany's" topped the UK Singles Chart and peaked within the top ten on the charts of Australia, Flanders, Canada, Denmark, Germany, Iceland, Ireland, and Sweden 
Todd Pipes said in a Q magazine article about the promotion of "Breakfast at Tiffany's", "As the song had 'breakfast' in the title, radio stations thought it would be genius to have us on at breakfast time  We'd be up 'til 3 am and they'd wonder why we were pissed off playing at 6 am " Follow-up singles failed to match the success of "Breakfast at Tiffany's", hence the reason for the band's classification as a one-hit wonder 

Inspiration and composition
"Breakfast at Tiffany's" is sung from the point of view of a man whose girlfriend is on the verge of breaking up with him because the two have nothing in common  Desperate to find something, the man brings up the Audrey Hepburn film Breakfast at Tiffany's, and his girlfriend recalls that they "both kinda liked it " He argues that this should serve as enough motivation for them to work out their problems based on the notion that love will always find a way to make things work 
The film Roman Holiday inspired the lyrics of the song, but songwriter Todd Pipes thought that one of Hepburn's other films would make a better song title 

Critical reception
Brian Wahlert called "Breakfast at Tiffany's" "a cute, catchy song that should fit in well on adult contemporary, Top-40 and alternative radio" with memorable melody that makes it "a perfect single, along with the mildly repetitive, conversational lyrics of the chorus and the bright, acoustic guitar"  However, Tom Sinclair of Entertainment Weekly was unimpressed  He called it "possibly the year's most innocuous single, 'Breakfast at Tiffany's' is distressingly prosaic pop from a wimpy-sounding Texas quartet"; he added that it lacked any "musical piquancy"  The Houston Press listed the song as the second worst by an artist from Texas, after Vanilla Ice's "Ice Ice Baby"  British magazine Music Week rated it five out of five, picking it as Single of the Week  They wrote, "Radio-friendly rock at its best from the Texan trio  A mighty, bright chorus, quirky lyrics and some great guitar work should enable it to come close in the UK to matching its Top Five placing Stateside " VH1 and Blender ranked the song number six on their list of the "50 Most Awesomely Bad Songs Ever" 

Music video
The accompanying music video for "Breakfast at Tiffany's" features the band members arriving to a breakfast table and being served by butlers, beside the curb in front of Tiffany & Co  in Midtown Manhattan  At the end of the video a young woman dressed in a similar style to Holly Golightly's (Audrey Hepburn) from the beginning of the film, except dressed in white rather than black, walks past on the sidewalk, and takes off her sunglasses  The band is also seen performing the song in a field, and on the bed of a flatbed truck in NYC 

Track listings
US cassette singleA1  "Breakfast at Tiffany's" (LP version) – 4:11
A2  "Breakfast at Tiffany's" (Crunch mix) – 4:11
B1  "A Water Prayer" (LP version) – 3:20
B2  "Breakfast at Tiffany's" (LP version) – 4:11Australian CD and cassette single, UK CD single"Breakfast at Tiffany's" – 4:16
"A Water Prayer" – 3:19
"Sun" – 4:15UK cassette single and European CD single"Breakfast at Tiffany's" – 4:16
"A Water Prayer" – 3:19

Charts
Certifications
Release history
Other uses
On Top Gear, episode 8 of series 5, the song can be heard attempting to drown out a rattling from the dashboard of Jeremy Clarkson's Ferrari 612 Scaglietti 
In 2008, the song was used in a commercial in Slovakia for Orange cellular phone 
In 2010, the song appeared in a Saturday Night Live skit, with four friends (played by Will Forte, Jason Sudeikis, Bill Hader and Ryan Phillippe) talking during the verses and singing the choruses 
In August 2011, it was voted into fifth place by fans on Quietdrive's upcoming cover album, Your Record, Our Spin 
In May 2012, Episode 24 of New Girl highlighted the cast members dancing to this song  The group was listening to this song from Nick's mixtape where he was trying to convince himself to stay together with a likewise dissimilar girlfriend 
The song appeared in the fifth episode of the VH1 series Hindsight 
The song also appeared in the season 2 finale of Orange Is the New Black, eliciting a comment from a prison guard 
In 2018, the song was played on Netflix series Everything Sucks! 
Passage 2:
List of awards and honours received by Audrey Hepburn
Audrey Hepburn received numerous awards and honors during her career  Hepburn won, or was nominated for, awards for her work in motion pictures, television, spoken-word recording, on stage, and humanitarian work  She was five-times nominated for an Academy Award, and she was awarded the 1953 Academy Award for Best Actress for her performance in Roman Holiday and the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award in 1993, posthumously, for her humanitarian work  She won a record three BAFTA Awards for Best British Actress in a Leading Role, from five nominations, and she received a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992  Hepburn received 10 Golden Globe Award nominations, winning two, and she was the recipient of the Cecil B  DeMille Award in 1990  She also won the 1954 Tony Award for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine, and she received a Special Tony Award in 1968 
Posthumously, Hepburn also received a number of awards and honors, including a Primetime Emmy Award for her television series Gardens of the World with Audrey Hepburn, while her contributions to a spoken-word recording titled Audrey Hepburn's Enchanted Tales earned her a Grammy Award  Hepburn stands as one of few entertainers who have won Academy, Emmy, Grammy, and Tony Awards  She has been honored on United States postage stamps, and she has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame  The American Film Institute has repeatedly recognized her talent, placing Hepburn third on its list of the top 100 female stars of all time and placing several of the films she starred in on its 100 best    lists 

E G O T 
Academy Awards
The Academy Awards, popularly known as the Oscars, are presented annually by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (AMPAS) to recognize excellence of professionals in the film industry  Hepburn was nominated for five competitive awards, winning once  In addition, she was the recipient of the Jean Hersholt Humanitarian Award posthumously  Hepburn's son Sean H  Ferrer accepted the award on her behalf 

Emmy Awards
The Primetime Emmy Awards, presented by the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences (ATAS), honor American prime time television entertainment  Hepburn was the recipient of one Emmy Award posthumously 

Grammy Awards
The Grammy Awards are presented annually by the National Academy of Recording Arts and Sciences of the United States for outstanding achievements in the music industry  Hepburn won one Grammy Award posthumously 

Tony Awards
The Antoinette Perry Awards for Excellence in Theatre, more commonly known as the Tony Awards, recognize achievement in live American theatre, and are presented by the American Theatre Wing and The Broadway League  Hepburn won one competitive Tony Award, and was the recipient of the Special Tony Award in 1968 

Major associations
BAFTA Awards
The BAFTA Awards, presented by the British Academy of Film and Television Arts (BAFTA), is an annual awards show to celebrate excellence in film, television, television craft, video games, and forms of animation  Hepburn was nominated five times for a competitive award, winning three  In addition, she was the recipient of a Lifetime Achievement Award in 1992 

Golden Globe Awards
The Golden Globe Awards are presented annually by the Hollywood Foreign Press Association (HFPA) to recognize outstanding achievements in the entertainment industry, both domestic and foreign, and to focus wide public attention upon the best in motion pictures and television  Hepburn was a 10-time nominee, winning twice  In addition, she received the Cecil B  DeMille Award in 1990 

New York Film Critics Circle Awards
The New York Film Critics' Circle Awards are given annually to honor excellence in cinema worldwide by an organization of film reviewers from New York City-based publications  Hepburn won two of her six competitive nominations 

Screen Actors Guild Awards
The Screen Actors Guild Awards, presented by the Screen Actors Guild (SAG), recognize outstanding performances by its members  Hepburn was the recipient of a posthumous Life Achievement Award 

Other arts recognition
In recognition of her work in the performing arts, besides those awards aforementioned, Hepburn received several other honors  In 1959, she won the Silver Shell for Best Actress at the San Sebastian International Film Festival for her work in The Nun's Story  In 1987, she was awarded the Commander of the National French Order of Arts and Letters (French: Commandeur de L'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres), and was a Gala Film Tribute honoree  In 1991, she received the American Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award, an honorary Bambi Award, and was an Honoree at both the Film Society of Lincoln Center's Gala Tribute and the USA Film Festival's Master Screen  Then, in 1992, Hepburn was awarded The George Eastman Award, given by George Eastman House for distinguished contribution to the art of film  She was posthumously awarded the 1996 Women in Film's Crystal Award for her efforts in expanding the role of women within the entertainment industry 

Humanitarian recognition
In recognition of her humanitarian work, Hepburn received the following honors:1976

Variety Club of New York's Humanitarian Award1988

UNICEF's International Danny Kaye Award for Children1989

Institute for Human Understanding's International Humanitarian Award1990

UNICEF's seventh annual ball honored Hepburn1991

Washington UNICEF Council's Children's Champion Award
Certificate of Merit for UNICEF Ambassadorship
Variety Clubs International's Humanitarian Award
UNICEF's Sidaci per L'infanzia" (Mayors for Children) Award
Children's Institute International's Champion of Children Award
Sigma Theta Tau International Audrey Hepburn Award named after Hepburn, given to individuals in recognition for their international work on behalf of children1992

Honorary Chair and Speaker at Alan Shawn Feinstein World Hunger Awards held at Brown University
Presidential Medal of Freedom1993

The Pearl S  Buck Foundation's Women's Award2000

Women's International Center's Living Legacy Award for "stunning contributions to humanity and enduring legacies given to humankind"2002

Bronze sculpture entitled "The Spirit of Audrey", by sculptor John Kennedy, installed at the public plaza at UNICEF headquarters in New York2006

Sustainable Style Foundation inaugurated the Style & Substance Award in honour of Audrey Hepburn to recognize high-profile individuals who work to improve the quality of life for children around the world (the award was given to Hepburn posthumously and received by the Audrey Hepburn Children's Fund)

Style recognition
Hepburn was the first of only three people to wear the Tiffany Diamond
Hepburn was a member of the International Best Dressed List, and was elevated into its Hall of Fame in 1961
Included in People's "50 Most Beautiful People in the World" in 1990
Received the Council of Fashion Designers of America's Lifetime of Style Award in 1992

Other honours

She has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame, at 1652 Vine Street 
She received "The Key to the City" in five American cities: Chicago and Indianapolis in 1990; Fort Worth, Texas, in 1991; and San Francisco and Providence, Rhode Island, in 1992 
In 1987, she was made a Commander of the Order of Arts and Letters from France
In 1990, she was honored with a new hybrid tulip in her name, as a tribute to the actress's career and to her long-time work on behalf of UNICEF, according to the Netherlands Flowerbulb Information Center  An official dedication ceremony took place at her family's former mansion Huis Doorn in Doorn, Netherlands 
In 1991, she was honored with a rose in her name  The rose was bred by Jerry F  Twomey at Leucadia, California 
In 1991, she received the Golden Plate Award of the American Academy of Achievement  Her Golden Plate was presented by Awards Council member Ralph Lauren 
"Audrey Hepburn Day" was proclaimed on 28 February 1991 by the mayor of Fort Worth, Texas, and on 10 April 1992 by the mayor of Providence, Rhode Island 
In 2003, the United States Postal Service issued a stamp illustrated by Michael J  Deas honouring her as a Hollywood legend and humanitarian  It has a drawing of her which is based on a publicity photo from the movie Sabrina  Hepburn is one of the few non-Americans to be so honoured 
In 2008, Canada Post issued a series of pre-paid postcards based on the work of Yousuf Karsh, one of which was a portrait of Hepburn 
In Arnhem, there is a square named after Audrey Hepburn 
KLM named a McDonnell Douglas MD-11 PH-KCE, Audrey Hepburn, in her honour 
Passage 3:
Fists of Legend
Fists of Legend (Korean: 전설의 주먹; RR: Jeonseolui Jumeok) is a 2013 South Korean sports drama film directed by Kang Woo-suk  It is based on the popular webtoon of the same title written by Lee Jong-gyu and illustrated by Lee Yoon-gyun  The film stars Hwang Jung-min, Yoo Jun-sang, Yoon Je-moon, Lee Yo-won, and Jung Woong-in 

Plot
A moment of bad luck derailed Deok-kyu's Olympic dreams and led him and his friends to jail  Jin-ho got out of jail quickly because of his rich parents, but Deok-kyu, Jae-seok, and Sang-hoon were not so lucky 
Years later, while running a noodle shop to earn extra money following an accident involving his daughter, Deok-kyu accepts an invitation to join a televised mixed martial arts tournament, Fists of Legend  A group of middle-aged men who used to be called "legends" during their teenage high school days take part in the "real action fighting" reality show, and the winner gets a prize of ₩20 million every round, for a total of ₩200 million (US$183,823)  Among the contestants are Deok-kyu's old friends Sang-hoon, currently a manager at a large company who lacks in self-respect after getting passed over for a promotion, and Jae-seok, now a good-for-nothing guy who dreams of becoming a somebody 

Cast
Hwang Jung-min - Im Deok-kyuPark Jung-min young Deok-kyu
Yoo Jun-sang- Lee Sang-hoon
Gu Won - young Sang-hoon
Yoon Je-moon - Shin Jae-seok
Park Doo-shik - young Jae-seok
Lee Yo-won - Hong Gyu-min
Jung Woong-in - Son Jin-ho
Lee Jung-hyuk - young Jin-ho
Sung Ji-ru - Seo Kang-gook
Ji Woo - Im Soo-bin
Kang Shin-il - Director Jo
Kang Sung-jin - announcer
Kwon Hyun-sang - Author
Choi Hyo-eun - Eun-soo
Kwon Eun-soo - Writer Kwon
Kim Jae-yong - Writer Jae

Production
Filming began on July 15, 2012 at the Shin Joon-sub boxing gym in Namwon, North Jeolla Province, and wrapped on November 28, 2012 in Paju Actor Yoo Jun-sang injured the cruciate ligament in his left knee while filming and underwent surgery on October 30, 2012 

Awards and nominations
2013 50th Grand Bell Awards

Nomination - Best Actor - Hwang Jung-min
Nomination - Best Supporting Actor - Yoo Jun-sang
Nomination - Best New Actor - Park Doo-shik
Nomination - Best New Actor - Park Jung-min
Nomination - Best Lighting - Kang Dae-hee
Passage 4:
On the Good Ship Lollipop
"On the Good Ship Lollipop" is a song composed by Richard A  Whiting with lyrics by Sidney Clare   It was the signature song of child actress Shirley Temple  Temple first sang it in the 1934 film, Bright Eyes In the song, the "Good Ship Lollipop" travels to a candy land   The "ship" referred to in the song is an aircraft; the scene in Bright Eyes where the song appears takes place on a taxiing American Airlines Douglas DC-2 400,000 copies of the sheet music, published by Sam Fox Publishing Company, were sold, and one recording by Mae Questel (the cartoon voice of Betty Boop and Olive Oyl) reputedly sold more than two million copies  It finished at #69 in the survey AFI's 100 Years   100 Songs of top tunes in cinema in the United States in June 2004 
The song was parodied on an episode of The Simpsons from May 2000, the episode being "Last Tap Dance in Springfield"  It was being sung as "On the Spaceship Lollipop" by Vicki Valentine (voiced by Tress MacNeille) herself spoofing Temple  The actual song was used on an earlier episode, "Treehouse of Horror III", which aired in October 1992 in which Shirley Temple was seen singing it during her concert before being devoured by King Homer, the sketch parodying King Kong The song was also parodied on an episode of The Brady Bunch from February 1974, the episode being "The Snooperstar" in which Cindy becomes convinced that Mike's fussy client Penelope Fletcher (Natalie Schafer) is a talent scout and is trying to make her into the next Shirley Temple 
The moniker "Good Ship Lollipop" was famously used by Chicago Outfit underboss Ernest "Rocky" Infelice and his inner circle to refer to the Cicero Crew, which he ran in the mid-to-late 1980's with his second in command, Salvatore "Solly D" DeLaurentis  It is unknown as to how the crew gained the nickname 
In the 2007 film Shrek the Third, The Gingerbread Man is heard singing the song after Captain Hook threatens him 

Other recordings
1935: Rudy Vallee and His Connecticut Yankees, recorded for Victor on December 24, 1934 (Christmas Eve) (catalog No  24838)  This was very popular in 1935 
1935: Ted Fio Rito – recorded for Brunswick Records (catalog No  7364) on August 1, 1935 
1952: Rosemary Clooney – on an unbreakable children’s record Columbia MJV138
1969: Tiny Tim covered the song, reaching #82 in Canada 
1980: Margaret Whiting (for her album Too Marvellous for Words) 
Passage 5:
The Garbage Picking Field Goal Kicking Philadelphia Phenomenon
The Garbage Picking Field Goal Kicking Philadelphia Phenomenon (also known simply as The Philadelphia Phenomenon)  is a 1998 American television movie starring Tony Danza from Walt Disney Pictures 

Plot
Barney Gorman (Tony Danza) works hard as a garbageman in Philadelphia, but his career indirectly embarrasses his family  Barney's frustration is made worse by being a fan of the Philadelphia Eagles, who are mired in a slump  Due to a sticky lever on his garbage truck, Barney has (without realizing it) developed a very strong kick  One day at the city dump, Barney kicks a water jug extremely far and catches the attention of a group of Eagles executives, who are scouting the location for land to build a new stadium  The Eagles coach offers Barney a job as the team's new kicker, which the owner feels is an excellent publicity stunt in "giving an average Joe a shot at the NFL" 
Barney joins the Eagles, but at first isn't really accepted by his teammates, especially his roommate, Bubba Downs  But once Barney starts playing and makes a lot of important field goals, his teammates and football fans all over town begin to love him, giving him the nickname "G-Man"  Unfortunately, the fame and popularity begin to go to Barney's head, and he becomes conceited and talks down to his teammates  In the next game, Barney misses a potential game-winning field goal, knocking the Eagles out of contention for the playoffs 
Barney goes to a bar, depressed and lonely, when an attractive blonde woman approaches him  She asks him if he is Barney Gorman and if she could take a picture with him  Barney is caught off guard when the woman kisses him as the photo is being taken  She says thanks while giving him an alluring smile as she walks away 
Barney's mood goes from bad to worse and he is suspended from the team  He misses a date with his wife (Jessica Tuck), who then sees the picture of him kissing the blonde woman in the newspaper  When Barney arrives at home, he finds that his wife has kicked him out as well, leaving his suitcase outside the door with the photo from the newspaper 
After some soul-searching, Barney comes to his senses and apologizes to his wife, son, father, and his teammates  The Eagles let him back on the team, just in time for the final game of the season  Barney is given a chance to redeem himself as the game again comes down to a last-second field goal  The holder fumbles the snap, and Barney grabs it and scores the game-winning touchdown  At the end-of-season press conference, Barney remembers his roots as a garbageman and points out that garbagemen are deserving of respect, too, as they work hard to keep the city clean 

Cast
Tony Danza as Barney Gorman
Jessica Tuck as Marie Gorman, Barney's wife
Art LaFleur as Gus Rogenheimer
Jaime Cardriche as Bubba
Al Ruscio as Mr  Gorman, Barney's father
Ray Wise as Randolph Pratt
Julie Stewart as Eagles Recruiter
Gil Filar as Danny Gorman, Barney & Marie's sonThe cast also included many well known figures in the world of professional football playing minor roles or making cameo appearances  Jeffrey Lurie, the owner of the Philadelphia Eagles played Barney's friend who was seen at the cafe and had the line "This new Eagles owner must be a good guy "  The kicking stand-in for Tony Danza was Mike Vanderjagt, a Canadian football player and professional placekicker  The movie also featured sportscaster Chris Berman and NFL footage with Troy Aikman of the Dallas Cowboys 

Production
Most of the movie was actually filmed in Toronto, Ontario  Other filming locations for the movie included Hollywood, California and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 

See also
List of American football films
Passage 6:
Saturday Breakfast
Saturday Breakfast was a New Zealand morning news and talkshow based on Breakfast, that aired on Saturday mornings from 7-9 am from 3 September 2011 until 15 December 2012 on TV One 

Presenters
Anchors
Tāmati Coffey and Nadine Chalmers-Ross (2012)
Tāmati Coffey and Toni Street (2012)
Rawdon Christie and Toni Street (2011-2012)

Show format
10 minutes of news, sport and weather is presented every half hour between 7:00 and 8:30  News is presented by Brooke Dobson  Weather, presented by Sam Wallace is presented from a location around the country, usually where an event is happening 
The show has interviews with newsmakers and/or TVNZ reporters  The rest of the show has entertainment/light-hearted/special interest segments presented by Toni Street and Tāmati Coffey 
The show was cancelled by TVNZ due to its lack of commercial sustainability, caused by the withdrawal of key sponsor Lotteries New Zealand  The last show was broadcast on 15 December 2012  This coincided with host Tāmati leaving TVNZ to go overseas, and Weather reporter Sam Wallace being elevated to the Weekday Breakfast weather reporter upon Tāmati's departure  Nadine will remain as Business host on the weekday show as will newsreader, Brooke Dobson, in her primary role as Auckland reporter 
Passage 7:
Tiffany Blue
Tiffany Blue is the colloquial name for the light medium robin egg blue color associated with Tiffany & Co , the New York City jewelry company created by Charles Tiffany and John Young in 1837  The color was used on the cover of Tiffany's Blue Book, first published in 1845   Since then, Tiffany & Co  has used the color extensively on promotional materials like boxes and bags 
Since 1998, the Tiffany Blue color has been registered as a color trademark by Tiffany & Co  It is produced as a private custom color by Pantone, with PMS number 1837, the number deriving from the year of Tiffany's foundation 

See also
Lists of colors
Passage 8:
Daybreak Northern Ireland
Daybreak Northern Ireland (previously GMTV Northern Ireland) is the regional news strand for Northern Ireland provided for the ITV breakfast station ITV Breakfast 
Unlike the ITV plc-owned  regions, UTV - the ITV contractor for Northern Ireland - did not provide regional news broadcasts during Daybreak (previously GMTV)  This was due to a dispute between UTV and GMTV which dates back to 1994 when UTV opted out of the national breakfast contractor in breach of their broadcasting licence to provide live coverage of the breaking news of the Combined Loyalist ceasefire 
GMTV Northern Ireland was rebranded as Daybreak Northern Ireland in September 2010, when GMTV was replaced by new breakfast programme, Daybreak  Regional bulletins aired three times each weekday, and included a look at the days main headlines, a travel news update, and a weather forecast 

Service
In January 1995, GMTV contracted the service out to Reuters, who then provided the GMTV national news service  The service was produced by ITN from March 2000  Macmillan Media, a company founded by former ITN and BBC correspondent Michael Macmillan, won the contract to provide news bulletins in 2005 
Macmillan Media took over from STV as the regional breakfast news provider in the Central Scotland and Northern Scotland regions in 2007 The Daybreak Northern Ireland service by Macmillan Media ended on Friday 21 December 2012, with UTV resuming production of the breakfast news opt-outs from January 2013 onwards 

The team
Sonia Butterworth (Now with U105)
Richard Cull
Lynda Fulford
Lindsey Armstrong (now freelancing with UTV after working at BBC Northern Ireland)
Vicki Hawthorne (now freelance, appears on Sky News)
Emma Johnston
Aideen Kennedy (now with UTV)
Barbara McCann (now with BBC Northern Ireland)
Siobhan McGarry
Maura O'Brien
Kirsteen O'Sullivan (Now with TV3)
Charlie Oundo
Paul Reilly (now with UTV)
Nicola Thompson (now with BBC)
Jane Veitch
Patricia Wilkinson (now with BBC Northern Ireland)
Adrian Horsman (now with Christian Aid Ireland)
Passage 9:
Stein Endresen
Stein Endresen (born 4 October 1959) is a Norwegian show jumping competitor At the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, Endresen originally won the bronze medal as part of the Norwegian team in team jumping, together with Morten Djupvik, Geir Gulliksen, and Tony Andre Hansen  However the Norwegian team lost its bronze medal and finished tenth following the disqualification of Tony Andre Hansen 
Passage 10:
Breakfast Creek
The Breakfast Creek (Aboriginal: Barrambin) is a small urban stream that is a tributary of the Brisbane River, located in suburban Brisbane in the South East region of Queensland, Australia 

Course and features
Rising as the Enoggera Creek that drains the D'Aguilar Range in the D'Aguilar National Park, Breakfast Creek forms near Herston where it flows a short meandering course of 2 kilometres (1 2 mi) before reaching its confluence with the Brisbane River at Newstead, next to Newstead Park   Travelling up the Brisbane River the creek is the first to join the river on its northern banks 
The heritage-listed Breakfast Creek Hotel is located near the confluence with the Brisbane River and is known for serving XXXX beer exclusively from wooden barrels   Also here the Breakfast Creek Green Bridge is under construction 
The shorter race in the annual Bridge to Brisbane fun run starts at the Breakfast Creek bridge 

History
John Oxley and Allan Cunningham met members of an Aboriginal clan at the mouth of the creek in 1824  After they had breakfast at the site minor conflict with the clan arose after one of them grabbed Oxley's hat  Oxley named the waterway in remembrance of the incident An important Aboriginal camping ground occupied the Breakfast Creek / Hamilton area until it was broken up by police raids in the 1860s  The camp was one of the major sources from which local Aboriginal people supplied the Moreton Bay colony with fish  It was also where Aboriginal leader Dalaipi spoke his famous "Indictments" which were published in the Moreton Bay Courier in 1858 One of the white first settlers on the creek was Patrick Leslie who in 1845 built the still-standing Newstead House  Brisbane's Cantonese community, who had established businesses in Fortitude Valley and built the Temple of the Holy Triad in 1886, settled in the flats around Breakfast Creek and Eagle Farm  During dry times in the early colony of Moreton Bay, when water from the Roma Street reservoir was depleted, supplies were carted from Breakfast Creek Various streets close to Breakfast Creek were affected by Brisbane floods in 1893, 1974 and in 2011 

Bridges
A number of floods destroyed early bridges across the creek  The first permanent bridge was built in 1858 using ironbark  As the timber of the bridge eroded, a second metal bridge was built in 1889  As traffic levels over the bridge increased, it became necessary to build a third larger concrete bridge in 1958, which stands to this day (2017) Remnants of the second bridge can still be seen and are listed on the Brisbane Heritage Register A new rail bridge as part of Cross River Rail is due for operation by 2025 

Gallery
See also
List of rivers of Australia § Queensland
Passage 11:
Newstead House, Brisbane
Newstead House is Brisbane's oldest surviving residence and is located on the Breakfast Creek bank of the Brisbane River, in the northern Brisbane suburb of Newstead, in Queensland, Australia  Built as a small cottage in the Colonial-Georgian style in 1846, the cottage was extended and today is painted and furnished in a late Victorian style
Context 3: Passage 1:
Don't Be Cruel (album)
Don't Be Cruel is the second studio album by American singer Bobby Brown  It was released in the United States on June 20, 1988, by MCA Records  MCA changed producers for this album and had Brown work with hit-making songwriting and production duo Babyface and L A  Reid  Brown dedicated the album to his deceased best friend James "Jimbo" Flint who was stabbed to death when Brown was aged 11  Don't Be Cruel incorporates new jack swing, R&B, funk, dance and soul Don't Be Cruel peaked at number one on the US Billboard 200 and included five top 10 Billboard Hot 100 hits, with "My Prerogative" being a US number-one hit  Three of the singles also reached number one on Billboard's Hot R&B Songs chart  "My Prerogative" was also the second-biggest single of 1989, ranking at number two on the Billboard Year-End Hot 100 singles of 1989  The album also spent a total of 11 non-consecutive weeks atop the Billboard R&B Albums chart over the course of 1988 and 1989  Internationally, it reached number one in Ireland and the top five in Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom 
At the 32nd Grammy Awards, Brown won Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for "Every Little Step"  Don't Be Cruel received extremely positive reviews from music critics  It was far more successful than Brown's debut album, spending a total of six weeks on top of the Billboard 200 and being the best-selling album of 1989 in the United States  On April 28, 1995, it was certified 7× Platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA)  The album sold over 12 million copies worldwide in total  In 2015, Billboard ranked Don't Be Cruel at number 82 on its list of the Greatest of All Time Billboard 200 Albums The album will receive a 2-disc and vinyl deluxe edition physical release commemorating its 35th anniversary on June 16, 2023 by Iconoclassic Records 

Development
Brown changed producers for this album, and worked extensively with hit-making songwriting and production duo Babyface and L A  Reid  Alex Henderson of AllMusic writes:

Don't Be Cruel was to Bobby Brown what Control was to Janet Jackson – a tougher, more aggressive project that shed his "bubblegum" image altogether and brought him to a new artistic and commercial plateau  With "My Prerogative" and the title song, Brown became a leader of new jack swing – a forceful, high-tech blend of traditional soul singing and rap/hip-hop that's also associated with Guy and Brown's New Edition colleagues, Bell Biv DeVoe 

Singles
All five singles released from the album reached the top 10 of the Billboard Hot 100  "Don't Be Cruel" was released as the lead single  The second single, "My Prerogative", earned Brown his first number one on the Billboard Hot 100  "My Prerogative" was also the second-biggest single of 1989, finishing at number two on the Year-End Billboard Hot 100 Singles of 1989  Three of the singles also reached number one on Billboard's Hot R&B Songs chart 
All singles except "Roni" were certified Gold by the RIAA 

Commercial performance
Don't Be Cruel debuted at number 74 on the Billboard 200 on July 23, 1988  It wasn't until six months later that the album reached number one, starting a six-week non-consecutive run at number one, from January 21, 1989 – February 4, 1989 and February 18, 1989 – March 4, 1989  Its reign at number one was interrupted for one week by Guns N' Roses' Appetite for Destruction 
The album also spent a total of 11 non-consecutive weeks atop the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart over the course of 1988 and 1989  It spent an eight-week non-consecutive run at number one from September–November 1988, and then returned to number one four months later in March 1989 
Don't Be Cruel was the best-selling album of 1989 in the United States, and finished number one on the Billboard Year-End album chart  Eventually the album sold 12 million copies worldwide in less than a decade 

Track listing
Personnel
Credits adapted from AllMusic 

Charts
Certifications
Passage 2:
Up All Night (Matt Willis song)
"Up All Night" is the debut solo single by English musician Matt Willis  It was released as a single on 22 May 2006 and appears on his debut album, Don't Let It Go to Waste  The song is about how Willis keeps thinking of a girl, and as a result cannot sleep at night  It debuted at number 52 on the UK Singles Chart on download sales alone  The following week, it peaked at number seven after the physical release  It stayed in the UK chart for a total of four weeks 
The video for "Up All Night" features Willis in a house late at night and flashes back and forth between scenes of Willis having difficulty sleeping and Willis in the midst of a party  Willis's first televised performance of "Up All Night" took place on 7 May 2006 on Top of the Pops  He then performed the song again on the same show on 28 May 2006, three weeks since his TV debut 

Track listings
CD2 contains a free beer mat, with images of a dragon on the front and Willis on the rear 

Charts
Passage 3:
Police of The Wire
The Baltimore Police Department plays an integral part in The Wire 

Command
The department is led by a Police Commissioner assisted by Deputy Commissioners of Operations (often shortened to Deputy Ops) and Administration  The Police Commissioner answers directly to the city mayor and outlines the departmental goals which are then enforced by the Deputy Commissioners  The Deputy Ops wields a great deal of power and is responsible for the day-to-day activity of the department's district and investigative unit commanders  
The Administrative Deputy oversees the Internal Investigations Division (IID) and other units  The real-life chain of command from the Commissioner downwards is Deputy Commissioner, Chief, Colonel, Lieutenant Colonel, Major, Captain, Lieutenant, Sergeant, and Detective/Officer  However, in the series, any mention of the ranks of Chief, Lieutenant Colonel, and Captain are omitted  Presumably this is to avoid confusion and make the relationships between different members of the hierarchy clearer to the viewer  
Detectives fall into a rank that coincides with their administrative position  The Criminal Investigations Division (CID), commanded usually by a Colonel, is the division responsible for the Homicide unit, Narcotics unit, and Major Crimes Unit (MCU) among others  
The IID, homicide unit, and narcotics unit are each led by a Major  MCU is commanded by a lieutenant  A Major commands each of the nine patrol districts - the Central, Northern, Northeastern, Eastern, Southeastern, Southern, Southwestern, Western and Northwestern districts 

Department commanders
William Rawls
Rawls is Acting Commissioner on a temporary basis  Rawls is Caucasian, and Mayor Tommy Carcetti is unwilling to attempt a permanent promotion fearing that it would not be acceptable to the politically influential and largely black ministers  Rawls is a careerist and is feared by many of his subordinates  He has been known to punish anyone who crosses him with transfers to undesirable posts  Rawls is played by John Doman 

Cedric Daniels
Daniels is the Deputy Commissioner of Operations  He is a direct commanding officer of many of the show's characters in earlier seasons  Daniels previously worked as a lieutenant in the Eastern District Drug Enforcement Unit, CID Narcotics Unit, and was the first commander of the MCU  Daniels is promoted to Major and Western District Commander after his successful case work in the MCU  
He draws Carcetti's attention as a young and capable black commander and is quickly promoted to CID Colonel  He is eventually promoted to Police Commissioner, but resigns to practice law  Daniels is played by Lance Reddick 

Stanislaus Valchek
Valchek is the Deputy Commissioner of Administration  Valchek was previously the Southeastern District commander  His grudge against Frank Sobotka led to the formation of a specialised detail which became the Major Crimes Unit  Valchek is well-connected with the city's politicians, and was promoted because of his political association with Mayor Carcetti  Valchek is played by Al Brown 

Bobby Reed
Played by: Tony D  Head
Appears in:Season one: "The Buys"; "Lessons" (uncredited); "The Hunt" and "Cleaning Up" 
Season three: "Time After Time"; "Dead Soldiers"; "Reformation"; "Middle Ground" and "Mission Accomplished" 
Season four: "Misgivings" (uncredited)Reed is a Major in the Baltimore Police Department and commands the Internal Investigations Division  He is very loyal to Ervin Burrell's command, often more focused on protecting Burrell's status and command than on rigorously investigating individual officers  He often appears with discrediting evidence about officers for Burrell to use as blackmail 
In the first season Reed investigates the brutality charges made against Roland "Prez" Pryzbylewski for blinding a teenager in one eye  Reed dismisses the witnesses based upon their criminal records but suspends Prez from street duty pending a Grand Jury hearing  Reed then intervenes when the Barksdale detail stop State Senator Davis' driver (who received a bag full of cash from a Barksdale soldier) and again when Daniels tries to withhold the location of a Barksdale stash house to protect his investigation 
In the third season, Reed attends the weekly comstat meetings of Ervin Burrell and William Rawls  In the fourth season, Reed briefly appears when Burrell is contemplating the best method to keep his appointed position as commissioner 

Former members
Warren Frazier
Played by: Dick Stilwell
Appears in:Season one: "The Hunt" Frazier is the Commissioner in season one  He gives the order for citywide raids following the shooting of Kima Greggs  As actor Dick Stilwell died in a real-life car accident after appearing in this single episode, his character is retired and replaced by Ervin Burrell as commissioner 

Ervin Burrell
Burrell is a by-the-book careerist officer who reached the level of Commissioner  Initially appointed as an Acting Commissioner, Burrell negotiated for a permanent posting with the Royce administration  When Carcetti replaced Royce he immediately began looking to depose Burrell  He is eventually forced to resign in a scandal over manipulation of crime statistics but receives a highly paid replacement job in order to leave quietly  Burrell is played by Frankie Faison 

Raymond Foerster
Played by: Richard DeAngelis
Appears in:Season one: "The Target"; "The Detail"; "The Buys"; "The Wire"; "The Cost"; "The Hunt" and "Sentencing" 
Season three: "Time After Time "; " All Due Respect "; "Dead Soldiers"; "Straight and True"; "Homecoming"; "Slapstick" and "Mission Accomplished" 
Season four: "Refugees"Raymond Foerster was a Major and unit commander of the Baltimore narcotics division in season one  According to Season 4, he served 39 years on the force, suggesting he joined the BPD in 1967  When Judge Phelan questioned Deputy Commissioner Burrell about the Barksdale operation, Majors Foerster and Rawls faced his subsequent wrath and demands for more information  Foerster's response was to ask his shift lieutenant Cedric Daniels for a report and then to assign Daniels and his team to the Barksdale detail 
When Daniels's investigation became drawn out and relied upon wiretaps and surveillance, Foerster took the side of Deputy Commissioner Burrell against Daniels when he tried to explain the necessity of this technique to reach the heads of the organization  Foerster's and Burrell's insistence on using buy busts led to the operation that resulted in the shooting of Detective Greggs  Foerster visited Greggs in the hospital with many other command officers and appeared anxious when trying to find a tape recorder to replay the last transmissions before she was shot 
Foerster was promoted to colonel and took over as commander of the criminal investigations division when Rawls was promoted to deputy commissioner of operations  He was replaced as the Narcotics Major by George Smith, an associate of Major Colvin  He attended Rawls' weekly comstat meetings and worked with Sergeant Jay Landsman in running the homicide division  He was put under intense pressure to keep the murder rate down Foerster continued to command CID in season four and was involved in the management of the murder of a state's witness that became a politically important case  When Burrell ordered Foerster to replace veteran investigator Ed Norris with rookie homicide detective, Kima Greggs, Foerster realized that Burrell hoped to slow the investigation, assuming Burrell's intent was to prevent the investigation from revealing the victim's witness status as a possible motive for the murder before the upcoming mayoral election  Foerster argued with Burrell and Rawls about the decision and discussed it with Jay Landsman  
Actor Richard DeAngelis suffered from cancer during this time and was often absent from work  Repeated courses of chemotherapy failed to cure the disease  DeAngelis died of cancer after filming scenes for the fourth season  Landsman announced the Colonel's death to the homicide unit, stating that he served 39 years in the department without leaving a trace of bitterness or hatred with any officers, a miraculous career by BPD standards  A police wake was held at an Irish bar in his honor 

Major Crimes Unit
The Major Crimes Unit was established by Cedric Daniels in season three as part of a prior agreement with Commissioner Ervin Burrell  The unit's main responsibility is to build cases against high-profile targets responsible for murder, drug distribution and money laundering in Baltimore  The unit was originally formed by a group of detectives dumped upon Daniels by shift Lieutenants to make a case against Avon Barksdale  It is currently under the command of the Criminal Investigation Division  It is run by Lester Freamon, even though on paper it is commanded by Lieutenant Asher 
In the first season the detail's office is located in the basement of a downtown building where the only redeeming features are working telephones and electricity  In the second season, the detail is moved into an old building located at 1911 South Clinton Street in the southeastern part of town, leased by the Transportation Authority courtesy of Major Valchek  The office remains the permanent location of the unit when it is formed in season three 

Current members
Command
Jimmy Asher
Played by: Gene Terinoni
Appears in:Season four: "Boys of Summer"; "Home Rooms" and "That's Got His Own" 
Season five: "More with Less"Asher is the lenient lieutenant who was picked to command the Major Crimes Unit by Cedric Daniels  He normally lets the detectives do as they wish while working on his beach house in Delaware  Lieutenant Charles Marimow replaced him for purposes of properly "supervising" the Major Crimes Unit under the orders of Deputy Commissioner Rawls  With Daniels' promotion to C I D  colonel, Asher is reinstalled as commander of the unit again as Freamon feels he will effectively let the detectives do what they need to make a case without interference from the commissioner's office 

Lester Freamon
Freamon is a quiet and methodical veteran detective who makes major contributions to the unit's investigations  He is the unit's de facto commander, as he lays out their investigative strategies and specifically chose Lieutenant Asher to be the shift Lieutenant due to his lenient, hands-off attitude 

Detectives/Officers
Kenneth Dozerman
Played by: Rick Otto
Appears in:Season three: "Time After Time", "All Due Respect" and "Back Burners" 
Season four: "Refugees", "Alliances", "Know Your Place", "Misgivings", "That's Got His Own" and "Final Grades" 
Season five: "More with Less", "Clarifications", "Late Editions", and "–30–" Kenneth Dozerman is a plainclothes cop in the Western District  In season 3, he is part of Carver's Drug Enforcement Unit squad  He becomes friends with Herc and Carver while working in the squad accompanying them in various activities off duty  Dozerman gets shot in the face and critically injured in a buy bust operation gone wrong and gets decommissioned from duty for the rest of the season  Major Colvin uses Dozerman's shooting as the impetus for his "Hamsterdam" experiment, a way to reduce crime and not see any more of his men get hurt  The shooter also steals Dozerman's service weapon and Bunk Moreland is ordered to locate it  Dozerman is presented with it at a press conference In season four, Dozerman transfers to the Major Crimes Unit when Herc transfers in, filling the gap left by Greggs and Freamon leaving  Dozerman takes part in Lieutenant Charles Marimow's first series of failed raids as unit commander  Following these raids he helps Herc to set up video surveillance of Marlo Stanfield  Dozerman remains in the unit as an ally to both Herc and Leander Sydnor, who mentor Dozerman on his investigative strategies  All three detectives maintain a dislike for Marimow's caustic command style often fearing the repercussions that he has threatened them with  Dozerman remains in the unit following Marimow's departure and Herc's suspension under the new leadership of Lester Freamon 
In Season five, Dozerman is still with Major Crimes working with the detail on the row house serial murders  He still meets his old Western district DEU buddies for drinks along with Herc  After Major Crimes is disbanded, Dozerman is transferred to the Tactical division 

Jimmy McNulty
McNulty is known as “natural police” and ultimately whom the show centers around  He is dedicated and a highly driven Baltimore police detective but is riddled with many complicated personal problems, such as a ruined marriage, a series of flings with multiple women, and alcoholism  McNulty came up under the guidance of Bunny Colvin, a western district Major, who often  refers to McNulty as “Bushytop” for McNulty’s wavy or curly locks of hair  McNulty is liked by non-commanding officers and is most friendly to Bunk and Kima Greggs  The first three seasons foundation story revolves around McNulty’s obsession with arresting Stringer Bell 

Leander Sydnor
Sydnor is a young, married detective in the Baltimore Major Crimes Unit with a talent for investigative work and the stomach for drawn-out cases   Sydnor has been part of the Major Crimes Unit throughout seasons one, three, and four of the show 

Former members
Command
Cedric Daniels
Daniels left the unit when he was promoted to Major, taking the District Commander post in the Western 

Charles Marimow
Played by: Boris McGiver
Appears in season four: "Home Rooms", "Refugees", "Alliances", "Corner Boys", "Misgivings", "That's Got His Own" Bill Rawls installs Lieutenant Marimow as the commander of the Major Crimes Unit after Lester Freamon issues a series of subpoenas  Marimow attempts to change the unit's focus to the more obviously violent drug dealers and closes down their wiretaps on Marlo Stanfield  His caustic command style drives away Lester and Kima Greggs, leaving him with Leander Sydnor and Caroline Massey  His unit's staffing problems are relieved when Sergeant Herc Hauk transfers back  Dozerman joins him  Marimow and Herc develop an immediate mutual dislike 
Marimow is one of the most disliked commanders, often referred to as a "Trojan Horse", "Virus" and a "Unit Killer"  It is stated by Jay Landsman that "Marimow does not cast off talent lightly  He heaves it away with great force"  Marimow is also unafraid to threaten his subordinates' careers as a means of punishing them for insubordination or similar defiance  He prides himself on being a streetwise commander and having worked his way up through the ranks  While Marimow has worked hard to earn his rank, his hostile command style has established his negative reputation throughout the department 
He believes it would be easy to topple Marlo, but his first series of raids fail, as he underestimates his targets  Marimow orders his men to take Marlo down, leading Herc to break several rules by hiring a lip reader to spy on Marlo, and using a video camera without a court order or Marimow's approval  Marimow accurately suspects Herc of lying to him about the source of his information  
Herc also has Internal Investigations Division (IID) complaints sent to the office for attempted arrests based on misinformation  Marimow vows to Herc that he would be happy to attend his "execution" at an IID trial if he could prove he was lying  Marimow leaves the Unit when Cedric Daniels becomes the Criminal Investigations Division colonel and reinstalls Lester and Asher 
Show creator David Simon left the Baltimore Sun after a bitter feud with editor William K  Marimow   Simon chose to name an unsympathetic character after his old enemy 

Thomas "Herc" Hauk
Herc was a narcotics detective but his tendency towards brutality and acting without thinking held up his career progression as a member of the Barksdale and Sobotka details  To improve his chances of making sergeant he transferred to the Mayor's security detail  He returned to the Major Crimes Unit as a newly promoted sergeant  Herc is fired from the department after an Internal Investigation Division hearing 

Detail members
Ellis Carver
A detective on Daniels narcotics shift who followed him into the Barksdale and Sobotka details  He left the detail in season 2 for a drug enforcement unit sergeant posting in the Western District 

Patrick Mahon
Played by: Tom Quinn
Appears in season one: "The Detail"; "The Buys" and "Old Cases" Mahon was an elderly detective from the property unit who briefly worked with the Barksdale detail  Dubbed as a departmental "hump", he and his partner Polk had not made a single case in property crimes over their last ten years  The two were also regarded as a pair of drunks who were incapable of driving soberly  
He is punched by Bodie Broadus, a young drug dealer, when the detail raid the low rise projects  Mahon takes early retirement following his injury, and is last seen encouraging Polk to do the same 
Along with his counterpart Polk, his name is a reference to the Irish phrase "póg mo thóin" ("pogue mahone"), or "kiss my arse" 

Augustus Polk
Played by: Nat Benchley
Appears inSeason one: "The Detail"; "The Buys"; "Old Cases"; "The Pager" and "The Wire" 
Season two: "Collateral Damage" (uncredited) and "Hot Shots" (uncredited) 
Season five: "Late Editions" Polk was an aging detective from the property unit who worked briefly in the Barksdale and Sobotka details  He is often called "Auggie" by his partner Pat Mahon  He is generally regarded as a "hump", since he has not made a single case in property crimes over their last ten years  He is also an alcoholic 
After his partner Mahon retired due to injury, Polk considers deliberately injuring himself to follow in his partner's footsteps  Unable to follow through on his plan, he becomes despondent and goes on a drinking binge  He misses several days' work and finally shows up drunk at 9am  Lieutenant Daniels tells him to take sick leave for his alcohol problem or work "wet"  Polk opted for sick leave and is off until the case is closed 
In the second season, he is briefly assigned to the first Sobotka detail under Lieutenant Grayson



ground_truth: fleur - de-lis

Fleur-de-lis

fleur-de-lis

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What did the singer of "Moon River" in the movie Breakfast at Tiffany win a Tony for?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Newstead House is the oldest surviving home in Brisbane, but not the oldest surviving building, built in 1846, for Patrick Leslie and his wife Catherine (née McArthur)  In 1847 he sold Newstead House to his brother-in-law John Clements Wickham (married to Anna McArthur), the Police Magistrate and Government Resident Newstead House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 1992 

History
Newstead House is said to have taken its name from Newstead Abbey, Nottinghamshire, England, a former Augustinian priory which became the Byron family home The property was referred to as Newstead until it left the possession of J C  Wickham in 1859 after which it became known as Newstead House Newstead House was built as a residence by Brisbane's first architect and builder Andrew Petrie for fellow Scottish settler Patrick Leslie; it was soon acquired by Captain John Wickham  Then it was leased to Attorney-General Ratcliffe Pring  It was later leased, then sold, then leased again to merchant and Member of the Queensland Legislative Council George Harris  George Harris and his wife Jane (née Thorn) lived in the house for 27 years A prominent Jewish businessman named Lewis Flegeltaub with his large family was in residence at Newstead House from 1891 to 1894; the family previously lived at Palma Rosa, another Brisbane heritage-listed mansion nearby The Lysaght Brothers bought the property in March 1898 with the intention to demolish the house and build a factory that produced iron and rabbit-proof wire fencing  These plans to establish a factory at the property were abandoned due to the downturn in the agricultural sector It was purchased by the Brisbane City Council in 1918 and was the residence of the superintendent of their council parks  The Council leased part of the property to the Historical Society of Queensland in 1934 and it was used to store historical records  In 1939, the Queensland Parliament created a Trust and ownership was transferred to the Newstead House Trust 
The building was occupied by American troops during World War II  There is an Australian–American War Memorial in the grounds in memory of this  It was dedicated on 3 May 1952 by the Queensland Governor, Sir John Lavarack Other than the war-time occupation it was operated as a museum and research library by the Historical Society of Queensland (now known as the Royal Historical Society of Queensland) until 1973 when they moved to the Commissariat Store Newstead House is now a museum  It is open to the public, and concerts are sometimes held at the house and grounds  
Newstead House is now maintained by the Newstead House Board of Trustees assisted the Friends of Newstead, a volunteer group who also organise various events to attract visitors  Newstead Park is still managed and maintained by the Brisbane City Council 

Heritage listing
Newstead House was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register in 1992 

Newstead Park
Newstead Park is a significant historic park The land originally formed a part of the land purchased by Patrick Leslie in 1845 on which he built Newstead House In the 1920s, the Brisbane City Council constructed an electrical substation for its tramway system in the grounds of the House  Since the closure of the tram system in 1969 the substation was purchased by the Newstead House Board of Trustees and has been used as a Resource Centre and offices for management staff 
In May each year, the park is host to the commemoration of the Battle of the Coral Sea  The Australian-American monument in the park is dedicated to the United States service men and women for helping in the defence of Australia during World War II A playspace featuring an "Alice through the Looking Glass" theme has been developed by the Brisbane City Council is located on the southern side of the park, near Newstead Avenue 

See also
Old Government House
Passage 12:
Tiffany Stiegler
Tiffany Stiegler (born January 14, 1984) is an American figure skater who competed in both pair skating and ice dancing  Competing in pairs with her brother Johnnie Stiegler, she won the bronze medal at the 1998 Sparkassen Cup on Ice and placed fourth at the 1999 World Junior Championships 

Personal life
Tiffany Stiegler was born on January 14, 1984, in Santa Monica, California  She is the sister of Stephanie and Johnnie, both of whom also competed in figure skating 
She married Joseph ("Woody") Woodrow Stahl on June 28, 2014 

Career
Tiffany Stiegler's first partner was her brother Johnnie, with whom she competed until 2003  They are the 1998 and 1999 U S  pewter medalists and the 1997 junior national champions  They were coached by Irina Rodnina and Alexander Zaitsev in El Segundo, California  They represented the Los Angeles Figure Skating Club In the 2003–04 season, Stiegler skated with Bert Cording  They placed 9th at the 2004 U S  Championships 
In the 2004–05 season, Stiegler began competing in ice dancing with Sergei Magerovski  They won the pewter medal at the 2005 U S  Championships  They were coached by Igor Sphilband and Marina Zueva in Canton, Michigan Stiegler became a co-coach with her sister at the Toyota center in El Segundo, California 

Programs
With Magerovski
With Stiegler
Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Series / Junior Grand Prix)

Pair skating with Stiegler
Pair skating with Cording
Ice dancing with Magerovski
Passage 13:
Andy Blankenbuehler
Andy Blankenbuehler (born March 7, 1970) is an American dancer, choreographer and director primarily for stage and concerts  He has been nominated for the Tony Award for Best Choreography five times, and has won three times: for In the Heights (2008), Hamilton (2016), and Bandstand (2017)  Blankenbuehler's other Broadway choreography work includes 9 to 5, Bring it On: The Musical, and the 2016 Cats revival  Blankenbuehler was awarded the Kennedy Center Honor in 2018 for his work on Hamilton  He also choreographed the movie adaptation of Cats  Most recently he choreographed, directed and co-wrote Only Gold - a new musical with Music by Kate Nash at MCC Theater 

Life and career
Blankenbuehler was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and is a 1988 graduate of St  Xavier High School and 1984 graduate of Nativity School in Cincinnati  He received his bachelor's degree from Southern Methodist University in Dallas, Texas 
As a performer, he has appeared on Broadway in many musicals, from Guys and Dolls (1992–1995) to Fosse (1999–2001) His Broadway work as a choreographer includes the musicals In the Heights (2007–08) and 9 to 5 (2008–09)  He won the Tony Award and Drama Desk Award for his choreography for In the Heights   Other New York work includes choreography for the "Broadway By The Year:1930, 1938 and 1978" series, and the City Center Encores! productions of The Apple Tree (2006) and The Wiz (2009)  He is the director and choreographer of Bring It On: The Musical, written by Jeff Whitty, with music by Lin-Manuel Miranda and Tom Kitt and lyrics by Lin-Manuel Miranda and Amanda Green, which premiered at the Alliance Theatre, Atlanta, Georgia, on January 16, 2011  This production also performed at the Ahmanson Theater in Los Angeles where Blankenbuehler won the 2011 L A  Drama Critics Circle Award for Best Choreography 
Additionally, Blankenbuehler choreographed the Frank Wildhorn world premiere production of Waiting for the Moon  The show featured 6 full-length dance sequences, including one that lasted over 10 minutes  He was nominated for a Barrymore Award for Choreographing the show 
Blankenbuehler has choreographed for Bette Midler and directed, choreographed, and co-conceived the production "Nights On Broadway" at Caesars Palace 
Blankenbuehler appears briefly in the 2008 documentary Every Little Step about the 2006 Broadway revival of A Chorus Line, with his Polaroid shown as one of the people being cut from a callback for the show 
He choreographed the 2012 Broadway revival of Annie  He is the choreographer for the musical Hamilton (2015), both Off-Broadway and on Broadway  He received a special 2015 Drama Desk Award for Hamilton   The award was described: "For his inspired and heart-stopping choreography in Hamilton, which is indispensable to the musical's storytelling  His body of work is versatile, yet a dynamic and fluid style is consistently evident  When it's time to 'take his shot,' Blankenbuehler hits the bull's-eye "  His choreography for Hamilton won the Tony Award for Best Choreography in 2016 
He both directed and choreographed a new musical, Bandstand, which premiered at the Paper Mill Playhouse (New Jersey) in October 2015  The music is by Richard Oberacker and book and lyrics by Robert Taylor and Oberacker  He directed and choreographed a developmental lab of this musical in August and September 2014, then titled Bandstand: A Musical In 2016, Blankenbuehler choreographed the revival of the movie Dirty Dancing starring Abigail Breslin and Shane Harper  He also choreographed the revival of the Broadway musical Cats with previews beginning July 14 and an August 2 opening 

Awards and nominations
Passage 14:
Moon River
"Moon River" is a song composed by Henry Mancini with lyrics by Johnny Mercer  It was originally performed by Audrey Hepburn in the 1961 movie Breakfast at Tiffany's, winning an Academy Award for Best Original Song  The song also won the 1962 Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year The song has been recorded by many other artists  It became the theme song for Andy Williams, who first recorded it in 1962 (and performed it at the Academy Awards ceremony that year)  He sang the first eight bars of the song at the beginning of each episode of his eponymous television show and named his production company and venue in Branson, Missouri, after it; his autobiography is called "Moon River" and Me  Williams' version was never released as a single, but it charted as an LP track that he recorded for Columbia on a hit album of 1962, Moon River and Other Great Movie Themes  In 2022, Williams' rendition of the song was selected for preservation in the Library of Congress The song's success was responsible for relaunching Mercer's career as a songwriter, which had stalled in the mid-1950s because rock and roll had replaced jazz standards as the popular music of the time  The song's popularity is such that it has been used as a test sample in a study on people's memories of popular songs  Comments about the lyrics have noted that they are particularly reminiscent of Mercer's youth in the southern United States and his longing to expand his horizons  Robert Wright wrote in The Atlantic Monthly, "This is a love sung [sic] to wanderlust  Or a romantic song in which the romantic partner is the idea of romance " An inlet near Savannah, Georgia, Johnny Mercer's hometown, was named Moon River in honor of him and this song 

Versions
Original
Mercer and Mancini wrote the song for Audrey Hepburn to sing in the film Breakfast at Tiffany's  The lyrics, written by Mercer, are reminiscent of his childhood in Savannah, Georgia, including its waterways  As a child, he had picked huckleberries in summer, and he connected them with a carefree childhood and Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn  Although an instrumental version is played over the film's opening titles, the lyrics are first heard in a scene where Paul "Fred" Varjak (George Peppard) discovers Holly Golightly (Hepburn) singing the song, accompanying herself on the guitar while sitting on the fire escape outside their apartments There was an eruption of behind-the-scenes consternation when a Paramount Pictures executive, Martin Rackin, suggested removing the song from the film after a tepid Los Angeles preview  Hepburn's reaction was described by Mancini and others in degrees varying from her saying, "Over my dead body!" to her using more colorful language to make the same point An album version was recorded by Mancini and his orchestra and chorus (without Hepburn's vocal) on December 8, 1960  It was released as a single in 1961 and became a number 11 hit in December of that year  Due to unpublished charts in Billboard, Joel Whitburn's Top Adult (Contemporary) Songs variously reported the song as a number 3 or number 1 easy listening hit  Mancini's original version was also featured in the film Born on the Fourth of July (1989)  In 1993, following Hepburn's death, her version was released on an album titled Music from the Films of Audrey Hepburn  In 2004, Hepburn's version finished at number 4 on AFI's 100 Years   100 Songs survey of top tunes in American cinema 

Early recordings
"Moon River" was a hit single for Jerry Butler in late 1961  Released simultaneously with Mancini's, it reached number 11 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart and number 3 Easy Listening in December, two weeks before Mancini's recording reached the same chart ranking  British singer Danny Williams had a hit version of the song that reached number one in the UK in the final week of 1961  Although Andy Williams never released the song as a single, his LP Moon River and Other Great Movie Themes (1962), was certified gold in 1963 for selling one million units  The album reached number 3 on the Billboard Top 200, eventually selling more than two million copies by 1967  In 2002, a 74-year-old Andy Williams sang the song at the conclusion of the live NBC special telecast celebrating the network's 75th anniversary In 2022, Andy Williams' recording of the song was selected by the Library of Congress for preservation in the National Recording Registry 

Chart history
Henry Mancini & OrchestraJerry ButlerDanny Williams

Later versions
Hundreds of versions of the song have been recorded and it has been featured in many media  Mercer recorded the song in 1974 for his album My Huckleberry Friend  In 2007, saxophonist Dave Koz recorded a version from his standards music album, At the Movies, sung by Barry Manilow  In 2013, Neil Finn and Paul Kelly performed the song on their Goin' Your Way Tour, during which their performance at the Sydney Opera House Concert Hall was recorded for the live album, Goin' Your Way, released the same year  The title of the album comes from a phrase in the song's chorus: "Wherever you're goin', I'm goin' your way"  Lawrence Welk's 1961 instrumental version was featured in Mad Men season 6, episode 13, "In Care Of" (2013)  A version of the song was featured in Asif Kapadia's documentary film, Amy (2015), about Amy Winehouse  Winehouse's version, sung at age 16 with the National Youth Jazz Orchestra in 2000, is the opening song in the film The Telegraph listed, among prominent covers of the song, those by Frank Sinatra, Judy Garland, Sarah Vaughan, Louis Armstrong, Sarah Brightman and Chevy Chase (in the comedy film Fletch)  Other stars who have covered the song include Rod Stewart in Fly Me to the Moon    The Great American Songbook Volume V (2010), which charted at No  4 on the Billboard 200, Barbra Streisand in The Movie Album (2003), a Grammy-nominated gold album, and Frank Ocean, who released a cover on Valentine's Day 2018 that debuted in the Top 10 of the Billboard Hot R&B chart  Diffuser fm named these the "Top 5 Alt-Rock" versions of the song: Morrissey, Glasvegas, R E M , The Killers and Josh Ritter  Jacob Collier's a capella cover won the 2020 Grammy Award for Best Arrangement, Instrumental or A Cappella 

See also
"Charade" (1963 song)
The Sweetheart Tree
"Days of Wine and Roses" (song)
Moon River radio program
List of UK Singles Chart number ones of the 1960s
Passage 15:
Some Enchanted Evening
"Some Enchanted Evening" is a show tune from the 1949 Rodgers and Hammerstein musical South Pacific   It has been described as "the single biggest popular hit to come out of any Rodgers and Hammerstein show " Andrew Lloyd Webber describes it as the "greatest song ever written for a musical" The song is a three-verse solo for the leading male character, Emile, in which he describes first seeing a stranger, knowing that he will see her again, and dreaming of her laughter  He sings that when you find your "true love", you must "fly to her side, and make her your own, / Or all through your life you may dream all alone "

In South Pacific
The song appears in the first act of the musical  It is sung as a solo by the show's male lead, Emile de Becque, a middle-aged French expatriate who has become a plantation owner on a South Pacific island during World War II   Emile falls in love with Ensign Nellie Forbush, an optimistic and naive young American navy nurse from Little Rock, Arkansas   The two have known each other for only a few weeks, and each worries that the other may not return his or her love   In the song, Emile expresses his romantic feelings for Nellie, recalling how they met at an officers' club dance and instantly were attracted to each other   He describes a man seeing a stranger and instantly knowing he will see her again, hearing her laughter and dreaming of it  He says that when you find your "true love", you must "fly to her side, and make her your own"; otherwise, all your life you will "dream all alone"   He later asks her to marry him  The song is then reprised several times during the show by Nellie and/or Emile as their relationship experiences setbacks and reconciliations 
In the original Broadway production, "Some Enchanted Evening" was sung by former Metropolitan Opera star Ezio Pinza  Pinza won the Tony Award for Best Actor in 1950 for this role, and the song made him a favorite with audiences and listeners who normally did not attend or listen to opera  In the 2001 London revival of the show, Philip Quast won an Olivier Award for Best Actor for his role as Emile, and seven years later, international opera singer Paulo Szot won a Tony for his portrayal in the 2008 New York revival In the film version of South Pacific, the first and second scenes of the play are switched around   Because of the switch, Emile enters later in the film, and "Some Enchanted Evening" is not heard until nearly 45 minutes into the film, while in the original stage version it is heard about 15 minutes after Act I begins  In the film, the song is sung by Metropolitan Opera bass Giorgio Tozzi, who dubbed the singing for actor Rossano Brazzi  Tozzi's version finished at No  28 on the 2004 American Film Institute list and television special, AFI's 100 Years   100 Songs, selecting the top 100 songs in American cinema 

Analysis
According to Popular Music in America, the song's "lush orchestration, expansive form, and above all its soaring melody" allow the singer and character (Emile) to "linger in the moment" of immediate infatuation  Gerald Mast's history of the American musical notes that the song is a climactic moment which reveals that two characters have fallen in love, and it expresses a seize-the-opportunity lyric: "When you find your true love     Then fly to her side / And make her your own"   According to the running commentary on the 2006 Fox DVD release of the 1958 film version of South Pacific, Lehman Engel remembered that Oscar Hammerstein II wanted to write a song based around verbs but waited ten years to do so before he wrote this song, in which the verses are built around the verbs "see", "hear" and "fly" 

Selected recorded versions
Many popular singers have recorded and performed "Some Enchanted Evening"   Perry Como's version was a #1 hit in 1949, and Frank Sinatra recorded the song several times 

Ezio Pinza (recorded April 18, 1949, Original Broadway cast recording of South Pacific)  His single version reached No  7 in the Billboard charts in 1949 
Perry Como (1949)  His single reached No  1 in 1949
Frank Sinatra (1949), (1963, including a duet with Rosemary Clooney), (1967)  The 1949 version reached the No  6 position in the Billboard charts 
Bing Crosby (1949), recorded March 10, 1949 and reached No  3 in the Billboard charts during a 20-week stay 
Jo Stafford - Autumn in New York  (1950)  Her single version reached No  4 in the Billboard charts in 1949 
Giorgio Tozzi (1958 for the film soundtrack; 1967 for the Lincoln Center revival cast recording with Florence Henderson)
Andy Williams (from the 1958 album Andy Williams Sings Rodgers and Hammerstein)
Jay & The Americans (1965)  The Group's single version reached No  13 on the Hot 100, Billboard charts in 1965 
José Carreras (1986) for a studio cast recording of South Pacific with Kiri Te Kanawa, Mandy Patinkin and Sarah Vaughan
Willie Nelson included the song on his 1988 album, What a Wonderful World
Barbra Streisand (from her No  1 1993 album Back to Broadway)
The Temptations (1995, For Lovers Only)
Bryn Terfel  – Something Wonderful: Bryn Terfel Sings Rodgers and Hammerstein (1996)
Philip Quast for the 2002 London revival cast recording of South Pacific
Art Garfunkel (from his 2007 album Some Enchanted Evening)
Paulo Szot – South Pacific (The New Broadway Cast) (2008)
Bob Dylan (from his No 1 2015 album Shadows in the Night)

In popular culture
The song's title has been used as the name for albums, such as one by Blue Öyster Cult, one by Art Garfunkel and a cast album and PBS special of the revue "Some Enchanted Evening" – The Songs of Rodgers & Hammerstein  It was used as the name for television episodes in such TV series as The Simpsons, Last of the Summer Wine, Man About the House, and Bless This House The song has been sung in films and on TV shows, for example by Harrison Ford in the film American Graffiti (1978 reissue), by an itinerant chanteuse in Crossing Delancey (1988), by Jon Bon Jovi on Ally McBeal in the episode "Homecoming" (2002) and by Bert in episode 102 on The Muppet Show (1977) to Connie Stevens  In April 2023, the song featured in the BBC Radio 4 series Soul Music 

Notes
Passage 16:
Tiffany Lam
Tiffany Lam or Tiffany Lam Man Lei (Chinese: 林敏俐, born 25 October 1980) is a former beauty queen from San Francisco  She held the title of Miss Hong Kong 2002 and Miss Chinese International 2003 runner up 

Early life
Lam was born in Hong Kong in 1980  During her childhood, she immigrated to San Francisco, California, where she studied for many years  Lam later attended the University of California, Davis  She is a member of Sigma Omicron Pi sorority, Delta Chapter  She then returned to Hong Kong to compete in the Miss Hong Kong 2002 pageant  Her younger cousin, Sandy Lau, won the 2009 Miss Hong Kong 

Miss Hong Kong 2002
She was chosen out of many delegates from USA and Canada to go back to Hong Kong to compete  She made the top 12 of the Miss Hong Kong 2002 pageant in early July  Three weeks later, she competed and won the Miss Hong Kong pageant final on its 30th anniversary, also winning two side awards, "Miss International Goodwill" and "Miss Modern Style" 

Miss Chinese International 2003
After winning the Miss Hong Kong title, Lam became an ambassador for Hong Kong, representing Hong Kong at the Miss Chinese International Pageant 2003 in January 2003, where she finished second behind Rachel Tan of Kuala Lumpur 

Post-pageant
Lam subsequently starred in two TVB dramas, Net Deception and Not Just A Pretty Face  Her 1st runner up and friend, Victoria Jolly, also appeared in Not Just A Pretty Face  After she crowned her successor, Mandy Cho Man Li, Lam returned to San Francisco to continue her studies  She returned to Hong Kong to crown the 1st runner up of the Miss Chinese International Pageant 2004 
As of 2007, Lam works for her family restaurant business in the San Francisco Bay Area 

Awards
Miss Hong Kong 2002: Winner, Miss International Goodwill, and Miss Modern Style 
Miss Chinese International 2003: 1st runner up 

TVB Dramas
Net Deception (2002)
Not Just A Pretty Face (2003)
Context 3:  When Major Valchek complains about the unit being full of humps, Daniels is put in command and Polk is moved back to property 
In the ninth episode of the fifth season, Polk makes a small cameo, as the officer running the evidence control locker in one of the precincts  After helping Commissioner Daniels locate a crucial piece of evidence, Daniels tells Polk that he's "glad he landed okay"  Displaying his usual sarcasm, Polk replies "Yeah   beats working" 

Michael Santangelo
For a full character description see Western District section, below 
Original Barksdale detail member partnered with Jimmy McNulty  He was dumped from homicide by Major Rawls for refusal to act as an insider in on Rawls' behalf  Santangelo took a post driving the narcotics wagon in the Western District 

Unit members
Shakima "Kima" Greggs
Daniels' protege who mentored Herc and Carver while in Narcotics  She transferred to homicide when Lieutenant Marimow came into the unit as he was a caustic commander who was difficult to work for  When Marimow left, she remained in homicide due to the higher pay 

Roland "Prez" Pryzbylewski
Prez was the son-in-law of deputy commissioner Stan Valchek who had a knack for tracing phone patterns and money accounts but was inept on the streets  Prez left the department after accidentally shooting a plainclothes black officer Derrick Waggoner  He becomes a teacher at Tilghman Middle School soon after 

Caroline Massey
Played by: Joilet F  Harris
Appears inSeason three: "Time After Time"; "All Due Respect"; "Dead Soldiers"; "Reformation" and "Middle Ground" 
Season four: "Boys of Summer"; "Soft Eyes"; "Refugees" Officer Massey joined the show in season three as a member of the Major Crimes Unit under Lieutenant Cedric Daniels  Massey is a world-weary officer with a penchant for sarcasm and cutting coupons  She was particularly adept at deciphering the slang used by Barksdale drug dealers on wiretaps of cellular phones  Her diligent work manning wiretaps earned the respect of Lester Freamon when she was part of his successful undercover operation to supply pre-wiretapped phones to the Barksdale organization 
In season four, Massey continued to work with the Major Crimes Unit and settled into her role  When the unit was assigned Lieutenant Marimow as a commander, Freamon transferred out  Massey and Sydnor were left to face Marimow closing down their wiretaps and ordering raids on weeks old targets 

Homicide unit
The Homicide Unit of the Baltimore City Police Department is responsible for the investigation of all unexplained deaths that take place within Baltimore City   They are also responsible for investigating all police-related shootings  Because the homicide unit is generally regarded as containing the best detectives on the police force, they are often given high-profile cases which are not necessarily homicides  
A clearance rate of 50% or more for the year is aimed for and the unit is among the most demanding in the Criminal Investigations Division  Sergeant Landsman's squad is typically the focus of the show, though there is at least one other squad (according to David Simon's book, there are typically three homicide squads in Baltimore, on rotating shifts)  The unit is under the C I D  supervision of Rawls in season 2, then Raymond Foerster from the start of season 3 until Foerster's death from cancer, at which point the role is taken over by Cedric Daniels 
Like the real department described in David Simon's Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets, the unit uses a red-black system of tracking cases where red is the color for an open/not cleared case and black is the color for a closed/cleared case  Additionally similar slang such as "dunkers" (easy cases), "whodunits" (difficult cases), and "redball" (media attention gaining cases) are used to describe the various cases   Victims who are not associated with the drug trade or other crime are often referred to as "taxpayers" 
A running practical joke within the unit is that if a detective is caught sleeping at his desk, his necktie will be cut off with scissors and pinned to a "necktie mausoleum"  Detectives often fall asleep in the office (or on stakeout) because of the overtime demands and have at times worked double and triple shifts as they have dealt with multiple murders  This is used most prominently in the third season, where Bunk is shown cutting Crutchfield's tie, and later Crutchfield gets to repay the favor 

Current members
Jay Landsman
Landsman is a squad sergeant in the homicide unit who must divide his loyalties between his men and his superiors 

Frank Barlow
Played by: Michael Stone Forrest
Appears in:Season one: "The Target"
Season five: "Not for Attribution", "Took" (uncredited), "Clarifications"Frank Barlow is a Caucasian detective in the homicide unit who first appeared as the primary detective at the trial of D'Angelo Barksdale  Despite having two witnesses, D'Angelo is found not guilty due to witness intimidation in the court room  Barlow appears later in the series with open murders of homeless men that McNulty ties into his fabricated serial killer  
Barlow then sees that McNulty is falsifying paper work on the homeless murders case to provide resources for detectives to investigate unrelated cases  Barlow blackmails McNulty into providing funds for him to take a long weekend to play golf in South Carolina 

Christeson
Played by: Dennis Hill
Appears in:Season five: "More with Less", "Took", "Clarifications", "Late Editions" and "–30–" Christeson is a young black detective who is the homicide unit's newest detective  He first appears assisting Bunk and Norris on a "polygraph-by-copier" where an idiotic suspect confesses to a homicide  Christeson is the first detective whom Jimmy McNulty covers for the "homeless killer" and he is granted overtime to solve a case which the department's upper command interferes with 

Michael Crutchfield
Played by: Gregory L  Williams
Appears in:Season three: "Back Burners", "Moral Midgetry", "Slapstick" and "Mission Accomplished" 
Season four: "Home Rooms", "Soft Eyes", "Refugees", "Alliances", "Margin of Error", "Unto Others", "Corner Boys", "A New Day" and "Final Grades" 
Season five: "More With Less", "Unconfirmed Reports", "Not for Attribution", "Took", "Clarifications", and "–30–" Crutchfield is a detective in the homicide unit whose name is mentioned earlier in the series but who does not appear on screen until season three  He was the primary detective at the murder that took place in Major Colvin's "free zone" and withheld the investigation at Colvin's request  Colvin then helped create a "dunker" case having his suspect turned in after threatening the drug dealers in the "free zone" 
In season four, Crutchfield plays a bigger role, appearing with Vernon Holley getting an identification of Omar Little as a murder suspect from Old Face Andre  When Bunk Moreland wants to re-examine the case, Crutchfield displays his anger over Bunk wanting to reverse one of his clearances  Crutchfield then promises to reverse a clearance of Bunk's as payback for going back on a solved case  
When Carver leaves a message for Bunk, Crutchfield deliberately throws it away, causing a lengthy delay in the discovery of the bodies being left all over the city by the Stanfield Organization, and also indirectly ruining Randy Wagstaff's life in the process  Crutchfield ends season four investigating murders at the hands of the Stanfield Organization 
In season five Crutchfield remains with Sergeant Jay Landsman's homicide squad  Crutchfield helps Bunk to manipulate a confession from DeShawn Williams  Crutchfield buys Monell, another involved party, a McDonald's meal and parades the boy in front of Bunk's interrogation room to lead Bunk's suspect to believe that his friend had turned against him  When departmental cut backs lead to the withholding of overtime, Crutchfield secures part-time work as a security guard to replace his lost pay  Crutchfield is later assigned along with Kima Greggs to Chris Partlow and Snoop's triple murder of Junebug, Junebug's partner, and bodyguard  He is last seen watching as Kenard is being placed in the back of a squad car, presumably having arrested him for the murder of Omar Little 
According to Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets, there was actually a Caucasian detective in the Baltimore Police Department homicide division named Michael Crutchfield 

Shakima "Kima" Greggs
Greggs is a tenacious investigator and a rookie homicide detective  She was a key member of the Major Crimes Unit and proved herself on both the Barksdale and Sobotka investigations  She struggles to balance her life as a police officer with her role as a potential mother with her partner 

Vernon Holley
Played by: Brian Anthony Wilson
Appears in:Season one: "The Wire" and "The Hunt" 
Season two: "Port in a Storm" (uncredited) 
Season three: "All Due Respect" (uncredited), "Dead Soldiers", "Hamsterdam"; "Slapstick"; "Reformation" and "Mission Accomplished" 
Season four: "Soft Eyes", "Alliances", "Margin of Error", "Unto Others", "Corner Boys", "A New Day" and "Final Grades" 
Season five: "React Quotes", "The Dickensian Aspect", "Took", and "–30–" Holley is a detective in the homicide unit under the command of Bill Rawls, and later Raymond Foerster followed by Cedric Daniels  Holley often works with Norris, Bunk, or Crutchfield and is one of the unit's more short tempered and physically intimidating detectives  He first appears with partner Ed Norris and catches the case of the murder of Omar Little's boyfriend Brandon  They recognize a connection to the recent murder of Omar's crew member Bailey because both corpses are found in Kevlar vests  They call in Jimmy McNulty and the Barksdale detail's work secured a conviction for the murder against soldier Wee-Bey Brice 
Following the shooting of detective Kima Greggs, Holley tracks down Bubbles paging her from a payphone  Holley assumes he is a suspect and has uniformed officers bring him in for an interrogation  Believing Bubbles to be the shooter, Holley tries to interrogate Bubbles in an accusatory and threatening manner  When Bubbles is unable to respond to his questions, Holley quickly loses his temper and tries to beat a confession out of him  Once McNulty intervenes, the situation is cleared up and Holley lies about Bubbles trying to attack him as a means of justifying the beating 
In season two, Holley is briefly seen investigating the murder of Frank Sobotka 
In season three he is assigned to investigate the murder of Tosha Mitchell and Tank and later the shooting of Stringer Bell, both working with Bunk Moreland  During this season, he is also seen called to duty for other investigations as the city's homicide rate rapidly approaches 300 murders for the year 
In season four, Holley initially works as the secondary investigator on Norris' case of a murdered state's witness named Braddock that becomes a "red ball" case  Later in that investigation, he is replaced by Kima Greggs for political reasons  Holley and Crutchfield are then seen catching the case of a delivery woman murdered by Chris Partlow in Old Face Andre's convenience store  They interview Andre, who quickly (as ordered by Chris) identifies Omar Little as the killer in a photo array When Omar is arrested he manages to convince Bunk Moreland he is innocent and Bunk asks Crutchfield and Holley to re-open the case  Crutchfield refuses to entertain the idea but Holley agrees that Andre is a possible drug dealer and goes with Bunk to the crime scene reluctantly  At the scene revisitation, Bunk views evidence confirming Omar's innocence in the shooting He states that Andre's store is a drug stash house, Andre's story makes no sense, and in addition to his fear of Chris, he was likely willing to implicate Omar for ripping off his stash  Holley and Bunk then reappear with a grand jury summons where at the courtroom, Holley manages to intimidate Andre both physically and legally to have him confess his role in lying about the murder  Holley ends Season 4 assisting Crutchfield, Norris, and Bunk in the investigations of murders caused by Marlo Stanfield's crew According to Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets, there was actually a black detective in the Baltimore Police Department homicide division named Vernon Holley  The real life Holley has worked in security for the Baltimore Ravens 

William "Bunk" Moreland
Bunk is a well liked and proficient member of the homicide unit  Although he is a capable detective, Bunk is a known alcoholic with a penchant for infidelity 

Ed Norris
Played by: Ed Norris
Appears in:Season one: "The Wire", "The Cost", "The Hunt" and "Sentencing" 
Season two: "Stray Rounds"
Season three: "Time After Time", "All Due Respect" and "Dead Soldiers" 
Season four: "Boys of Summer", "Soft Eyes", "Alliances" (uncredited), "Margin of Error", "Unto Others", "A New Day" and "Final Grades" 
Season five: "More With Less", "Transitions", "React Quotes", "The Dickensian Aspect" (uncredited), "Took", and "–30–" Norris is a homicide detective who has been in the unit for 15 years since 1991 according to Season 4  Norris and his squad mate Vernon Holley first appeared assigned to the case of the murder of Omar Little's boyfriend Brandon  They recognized a connection to the recent murder of Omar's crew member Bailey because both corpses were found in Kevlar vests  They called in their colleague Jimmy McNulty and the Barksdale detail's work secured a conviction for the murder against soldier Wee-Bey Brice 
Norris was also lead detective on the shooting of Wendell "Orlando" Blocker and Kima Greggs this time working with Detective Ray Cole  This case was also solved when Wee-Bey confessed to the shooting 
In season two he appeared briefly when investigating the shooting of a child by a stray bullet  In season three he attended the wake of his colleague Ray Cole  Norris remains with the homicide unit in season four when he is the lead investigator in the politically important murder of a state's witness  He is briefly taken off the case and replaced with Greggs, now a rookie in the squad, in order to slow progress because of pressure from the Mayor  Norris is soon reinstated when this story is leaked to the press  
He works alongside Greggs to maintain a coverup story that they were always working together  Norris secures an informant for the witness murder, but his attempt to break the story right before the election leads to him and Greggs being sent off to a security detail at a polling station for the day  Norris continues to pursue this lead after the election, however Greggs solves the case with a careful recanvassing of the crime scene before he is able to make progress  She earns Norris' respect with her work although he responds to the knowledge that the shooting was random with incredulity because of the political ramifications it had Norris is played by ex-police commissioner of Baltimore and convicted felon Ed Norris  His cameo appearances are a source of irony on the show, and he is often given dialogue bemoaning the state of the Baltimore Police Department 

Winona
Appears in:Season two: "Ebb Tide", "Hard Cases"
Season three: "Dead Soldiers", Mission Accomplished (uncredited)
Season four: "Soft Eyes", "Refugees", "Corner Boys"; "Know Your Place", "A New Day", "Final Grades" Winona is a recurring background character who maintains The Board at the offices of the BPD Homicide Division  She is a middle-aged black woman with a distinctive, bouffant hairdo  Detective McNulty greets her by name in episode 14 

Former members
Ray Cole
Played by: Robert F  Colesberry
Appears in:Season one: "The Target" (uncredited); "The Detail" (uncredited); "The Wire" (uncredited); "The Cost" (uncredited); "The Hunt" (uncredited); "Sentencing" (uncredited) 
Season two: "Ebb Tide" (uncredited); "Collateral Damage" (uncredited); "Undertow (uncredited); "Stray Rounds" (uncredited) Ray Cole was a somewhat inept member of Sergeant Landsman's homicide squad under the command of William Rawls 
Cole was the lead investigator of the death of Anton "Stinkum" Artis  His colleague Bunk Moreland told him that there was information about the case as part of a wiretap investigation that Bunk's partner Jimmy McNulty was involved in  The information would jeopardize the wiretap so they promised they would give it to Cole when the case closed  McNulty never intended to give Cole the information because the perpetrator was his informant Omar Little 
Cole was secondary investigator on the shooting of Wendell "Orlando" Blocker and Detective Kima Greggs  Cole achieved a clearance in the case working alongside lead investigator Detective Ed Norris when the case was solved with a confession from Wee-Bey Brice 
Cole was initially assigned the fourteen Jane Doe homicides that Rawls had tried to avoid  Jimmy McNulty was responsible for proving the cases fell under Rawls' jurisdiction  McNulty called Cole collateral damage when discussing Cole's misfortune with Bunk  Landsman reassigned the case to Bunk and Lester Freamon because he felt he needed his most capable detectives on it 
Cole died unexpectedly and the department held a wake for him  Landsman gave a eulogy for Cole at the wake Cole was played by the show's executive producer, Robert F  Colesberry, who died unexpectedly of complications from heart surgery  The character's wake was in part a tribute to Colesberry   In all subsequent seasons, the opening titles showed Cole's photo at the wake 

Lester Freamon
Freamon is a methodical detective who was very skilled at homicide investigations but was once kicked out of the unit for angering the Deputy of Operations  He was let back in by William Rawls on two occasions transferring out on both to be of more assistance in leading the Major Crimes Unit 
Freamon is a methodical and competent homicide detective who was exiled to the Pawn Shop Unit – for thirteen years (and four months) – for angering the then-Deputy of Operations  He was transferred to the Barksdale detail in Season One, later returning twice to the Homicide unit 

Jimmy McNulty
McNulty was one of the homicide unit's better detectives until his insubordination drew the ire of his commander Major Rawls  Rawls had him transferred out of homicide at the end of season one, although he did return in Season Five 

William Rawls
Rawls was a Major in homicide promoted to Criminal Investigations Division Colonel and then Deputy Commissioner of Operations  He was a ruthless and feared commander of the unit who expected nothing less than unwavering loyalty and competence from his detectives 

Western District
The Western District (along with the Eastern District as shown in Season 3) of the Baltimore Police Department is one of the city's most violent districts and is located in the middle of West Baltimore at 1034 North Mount Street  The Western District has been examined in greater depth than any other on The Wire and was the center of the major investigations in seasons one, three and four 

Current staff
Command
Currently, the Western District is administered by Major Dennis Mello, former deputy to Howard Colvin, who was forced into retirement 

Dennis Mello
Played by: Jay Landsman
Appears in:Season 2: "Stray Rounds" (uncredited) 
Season 3: "Time After Time"; "All Due Respect"; "Dead Soldiers"; "Hamsterdam"; "Straight and True"; "Homecoming"; "Back Burners"; "Reformation"; "Middle Ground" and "Mission Accomplished" 
Season 4: "Boys of Summer"; "Margin of Error"; "Misgivings"; "A New Day"; "Final Grades" 
Season 5: "More With Less", "Took"Mello first appeared on the series as Western District administrative lieutenant and Major "Bunny" Colvin's second in command and confidante before Colvin's forced retirement  Mello then ran the district until Major Daniels was named district commander  Mello ran briefings for the Western district at roll call maintaining a sense of humor, typically dismissing the men with "don't get captured" and jokingly referring to them as "humps" and "mopes"  
Mello was once again given command of the Western district after Daniels' promotion to C I D  colonel, at least until a new Major is given district command  The actor who plays Dennis Mello is a retired Baltimore detective named Jay Landsman, and was the real-life basis for the character of the same name in the show 
Mello appeared with Colvin during the accidental shooting of a nine-year-old child after Colonel Rawls' command to shake down the district for all known drug dealers to get a murder suspect  Mello comments that it was too bad a child had to die before locking all the drug dealers up, while Colvin questions what it is they are really doing 
He accompanied Colvin to comstat meetings  Mello was aware of Colvin's "Hamsterdam" free zone where he allowed drug dealing to go unpunished  Mello was worried, but did not report Colvin's actions to his superiors  Colvin protected Mello following the discovery of Hamsterdam by their superiors  After Colvin's departure, Mello was temporarily promoted to Western District Commander  The two remained friends 
In season four Mello returned to his post of administrative lieutenant after Major Daniels was granted the district commander post  Mello worked closely with Daniels  The two tried to convince Officer McNulty to take a position in their operations unit  Both rated his capabilities highly but could not convince him to leave his position in patrol  Daniels, however, remembering McNulty's past insubordination, viewed McNulty's position as a patrolman as a self-redeeming job and was more understanding of McNulty's desire to work as a patrolman Mello was given command of the Western district again when Daniels was promoted to Criminal Investigations Division colonel  Mello continues to give charismatic roll call briefings including readying his men for polling station duty and introducing the murder warrant for Omar Little  When Commissioner Burrell tried to reassert his command of the force by "juking the stats", the district commanders were told to increase the number of arrests in their districts whether they be felonies or minor infractions After seeing his officers at work, he went to Daniels to discuss the orders patrol had been given  Mello was personally opposed to this statistical posturing, claiming that while the troops were increasing the minor infraction arrests, they were locking up the neighborhood people in the process  Claiming that half of his officers felt the same way, he then asked who they were doing this for as the election was over Daniels informed Mayor Carcetti, who then initiated a new order for the department to no longer make arrests based on statistical quotas but rather quality felonies, something Daniels had been lobbying for  Mello then was later seen commanding the Western troops to do the complicated (by Baltimore Police standards which Mello jokingly states is uncomplicated only if officers went to college or were born by women who did not drink alcohol while they were pregnant) task of searching empty homes for bodies at the request of former district major Cedric Daniels and detective Lester Freamon The character is named after a real-life Captain Dennis Mello, who was the Western District commander when Ed Burns was an officer 

Ellis Carver
Sergeant Carver is SIC (Sergeant in Charge) of the Western District under Major Mello  At the end of the series Carver is promoted to Lieutenant 

Uniformed Patrolmen
Brian Baker
Played by: Derek Horton
Appears inSeason three: "Time After Time"; "All Due Respect"
Season four: "Misgivings"; "A New Day" (uncredited) 
Season five: "Took" (uncredited)Baker is a rookie patrolman assigned with Castor to the Western District under the command of Bunny Colvin in Season three  He and Castor are both forced by Colvin to carry a compass until they can correctly identify the north direction  In Season four, Baker teams with officer Jimmy McNulty to arrest two people for a string of felony church burglaries  McNulty allows him credit for the arrest, later concurring with Bunk Moreland that Baker could be "good police" 

Bobby Brown
Played by: Bobby J  Brown
Appears inSeason one: "The Target" (uncredited); "The Wire" (uncredited)  and "The Cost" (uncredited) 
Season three: "Middle Ground" (uncredited) 
Season four: "Refugees"; "Know Your Place"; "Misgivings"; "A New Day"  (uncredited) 
Season five: "More With Less"; "Unconfirmed Reports"; "Clarifications"; "Late Editions"; and "–30–" Bobby Brown is a Western District uniformed officer  He was the first officer on scene at the shooting of William Gant  He was also at the Brandon Wright crime scene  Detective Jimmy McNulty later enlisted Brown to help watch the home of Wallace  In season 3 when Major Colvin institutes the Hamsterdam initiative Brown is one of the officers freed up to be assigned to investigate complaints rather than perform radio car patrols and he solves a church burglary case



ground_truth: for Best Performance by a Leading Actress in a Play in Ondine

leading role

star

leading actress

lead

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who does the performer of Don't Be Cruel play in the wire?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 
Brown was later present with Sergeant Ellis Carver to both warn and arrest Namond Brice for selling drugs on a pre-indicted corner  In season five Brown is livid about the withholding of his overtime pay and is insubordinate in Carver's first roll-call briefing as Sergeant in charge  Brown is involved in a parking lot brawl with another officer over the poor state of a vehicle he hands over  Later, Brown is the first officer at a suspicious death that is investigated by Detective McNulty—the death is later ruled natural as predicted by Brown and McNulty 
Brown's character is the same Baltimore police officer also called Bob Brown, played by the same featured in David Simon's miniseries, The Corner  Bobby J  Brown is also featured in The Corner as another officer  Brown would later portray real-life, corrupt BPD Sergeant Thomas Allers in another of Simon's series, and the “spiritual successor” to The Wire, We Own This City 

Aaron Castor
Played by: Lee E  Cox
Appears inSeason three: "Time After Time"; "All Due Respect" and "Moral Midgetry" (uncredited)
Season five: "More With Less"; "Unconfirmed Reports"Castor is a rookie patrolmen, assigned with Baker to the Western District under the command of Howard Colvin in season three  He and Baker are both ordered by Colvin to carry a compass until they can correctly identify the north direction  He is apparently the nephew of former Baltimore Police officer Lloyd Castor, whom Major Colvin has dubbed as "good police"  In season five Castor is first seen warning his new Major, Dennis Mello, about a brawl in the district parking lot  Later, Castor is the first officer attending the triple homicide of Junebug and his wife and associate, investigated by Detective Kima Greggs  Castor fails to notice a child hiding in a closet when he secures the scene and Greggs hears the child when she arrives 

Michael Santangelo
Played by: Michael Salconi
Appears inSeason one: "The Target"; "The Detail"; "The Buys"; "Old Cases"; "The Wire"; "One Arrest"; "Game Day"; "The Cost"; "The Hunt"; "Cleaning Up" and "Sentencing" 
Season two: "Port in a Storm" 
Season three: "Dead Soldiers"; "Straight and True"; "Homecoming"; "Slapstick" and "Mission Accomplished" 
Season four: "Boys of Summer"; "Margin of Error"; "Misgivings"; "A New Day" 
Season five: "Transitions", "Took", and "–30–" Mike "Sanny" Santangelo is an Italian American officer responsible for driving the district arrest van in the Western District 
In season one, Santangelo is an eight-year veteran in the Homicide Unit  Santangelo is, along with McNulty, assigned to the Barksdale detail by Rawls, to spy on McNulty  This also allows Rawls to unburden himself of one of his more inept homicide detectives, as Santangelo has a clearance rate of less than 40%, with his excuse for his performance being a lack of easy cases  He tries to resist, saying that it isn't his job to inform on a fellow cop  Rawls orders him either to solve one of his open cases, all of which are difficult cases, inform on McNulty or leave the Homicide Unit altogether  
Landsman eventually recommends a psychic, "Madame LaRue", and Santangelo, in desperation, follows her instructions to bury a doll in the murder victim's grave  That evening, McNulty solves another of the open cases, and Santangelo, though pleased, doesn't understand why a different case was solved  Landsman tells him that the psychic was meant as a joke and that Bunk and McNulty did his work for him  With the clearance, Santangelo is able to refuse Rawls' demands and is grateful enough to tell McNulty that Rawls wants him fired 
Santangelo is demoted to patrol officer at the end of season one for failing to give Rawls any more information  In season two, he is seen briefly as a beat officer, arresting Bubbles and Johnny when they try to steal medical supplies from an ambulance  In season three, he drives the Western district prisoner transport vehicle under the command of Major Colvin  When he encounters former Barksdale detail members McNulty and Kima Greggs, Santangelo mentions that he is happy at being a patrolman as his job is easier: he is no longer a detective, he no longer deals with difficult commanders like Rawls and still takes home the same pay and pension contributions He remains a patrolman in the Western District in season four, when McNulty transfers in alongside him  During a counter-terrorism seminar, he was the first officer to point out the uselessness of Western District officers learning anti-terrorism tactics in a crime-ridden district  Santangelo is also one of several officers present for the arrest of Omar Little on a murder warrant 

Eddie Walker
Played by: Jonnie Louis Brown
Appears in: Season four: "Soft Eyes"; "Refugees"; "Margin of Error"; "Unto Others"; "Misgivings"; "A New Day" Walker is a corrupt black patrolman in the Western District  He is a violent bully, who is feared and loathed by Namond, Michael, and the other young drug dealers in the area, and several times is seen brutalizing them  He is first seen stealing money from Randy  Later he steals bootleg DVDs from Bubbles, after Bubbles attempted to report a robbery  He is the arresting officer for Omar Little, stealing a ring from him in the process  
After Walker breaks Donut's fingers for giving him more paper work to do after a car chase, Michael orchestrates an act of revenge  When Walker exits a club late one night, Dukie runs down the sidewalk keying cars  Walker chases him into an alley, where Michael and Namond are waiting for him  Michael makes Walker drop to his knees at gunpoint and sees the ring that Walker stole from Omar (who stole it from Marlo, who took it from Old Face Andre); he takes it before Namond drenches Walker with paint  Walker tells fellow officers that he was attacked by Bloods  
Walker's attitude earns him the respect of more zealous officers and the disdain of others, such as Jimmy McNulty  McNulty later describes Walker as an "asshole", while talking to Bodie Broadus 

Plainclothes Officers
Anthony Colicchio
Played by: Benjamin BuschSeason three: "Time After Time"; "All Due Respect"; "Dead Soldiers"; "Hamsterdam"; "Straight and True"; "Homecoming"; "Back Burners"; "Moral Midgetry"; "Slapstick" and "Mission Accomplished" 
Season four: "Boys of Summer"; "Alliances" (uncredited); "Margin of Error"; "Misgivings"; "That's Got His Own" and "Final Grades" 
Season five: "More With Less", "Transitions"Anthony "Tony" Colicchio is a narcotics officer in Sergeant Ellis Carver's drug enforcement unit squad in the Western District of Baltimore  He was often partnered with fellow squad members Herc Hauk and Lloyd "Truck" Garrick  Colicchio is part of the operation that resulted in the shooting of Officer Dozerman  Along with the rest of the squad, Colicchio is involved in policing drug tolerant zones set up by his district commander Major Colvin without the knowledge of his superiors  It is Colicchio who inspires the name Hamsterdam, after citing Amsterdam's liberal drug laws as a metaphor for Colvin's new policies  As Colicchio is zealously committed to using brute force to fight the war on drugs, he describes the drug-free zones as "moral midgetry "
Colicchio remains in Carver's squad in season four, and Carver tries to bring him around to his new way of doing things—getting to know the street dealers and cultivating informants  Colicchio takes part in Lieutenant Marimow's failed raids in the Western district  Colicchio is also present for the arrest of Omar Little on a murder warrant, relishing finally bringing in the legendary criminal With his overzealous attitude, Colicchio is delighted to participate in the arrest hike ordered by Commissioner Burrell to appease the city's politicians  He appears outside a bar with other officers, causing a near riot with their "quality of life violation" arrests against people with open alcohol containers  (Major Colvin had compared "Hamsterdam" to the practice of not enforcing violations of open-container laws when the bottles were obscured by paper bags ) Colicchio's method of policing supports the Broken Windows Theory In season five, Colicchio remains in the Western District drug enforcement unit and continues to take a combative approach to his work  He is the subject of an Internal Investigation Division investigation after he attacks a teacher who had asked him to move a vehicle while he was making an arrest  Carver refuses to back Colicchio when he shows no remorse for his action, and charges him with conduct unbecoming an officer and excessive force  Colicchio accuses Carver of being a rat, but Carver is not deterred by the damage to his reputation Colicchio is played by Benjamin Busch, who spent two tours of duty in Iraq with the U S  Marine Corps 

Lloyd "Truck" Garrick
Played by: Ryan Sands
Appears in:Season three: "Time After Time"; "All Due Respect"; "Homecoming"; "Back Burners"; "Moral Midgetry"; "Slapstick"; "Reformation" and "Mission Accomplished" 
Season four: "Boys of Summer"; "Alliances"; "Margin of Error"; "Corner Boys"; "Know Your Place"; "Misgivings"; "A New Day"; "That's Got His Own" and "Final Grades" 
Season five: "More With Less"; "Clarifications"; "Late Editions"Lloyd "Truck" Garrick is a black narcotics officer in Sergeant Ellis Carver's squad in the Western District of the Baltimore Police Department, often partnered with fellow squad members Herc, Lambert and Colicchio  Garrick was part of the operation that resulted in the shooting of Officer Dozerman  Along with the rest of the squad Garrick was involved in policing drug tolerant zones set up by his district commander Howard "Bunny" Colvin without the knowledge of his superiors  He was with Herc when he phoned the paper to report Colvin's actions and again when he met with a reporter In season 4, Truck appeared briefly at a useless lesson for Western police on counter-terrorism, and once while assisting Herc and Carver  In Season 5, Truck appears with the Western District officers who are frustrated by the lack of overtime pay due to city cutbacks  During Detective Jimmy McNulty's homeless killer case, McNulty has Western District Sergeant Ellis Carver detail officers to track Marlo Stanfield's crew including officers Brown, Dozerman, and Truck 

Lambert
Played by: Nakia Dillard
Appears in:Season three: "Time After Time"; "All Due Respect"; "Homecoming"; "Back Burners"; Reformation Lambert is a black narcotics officer in Sergeant Ellis Carver's Drug Enforcement Unit in the Western District of the Baltimore Police Department, often seen with fellow squad members Herc, Anthony Colicchio, and Lloyd "Truck" Garrick  He was part of the operation that resulted in the shooting of Officer Dozerman  After Dozerman's shooting the D E U 's hand-to-hand operations were suspended as Major Colvin did not want to see any more of his men come close to death over a minimal amount of drugs 

Former staff
Major Howard "Bunny" Colvin
Colvin was the veteran Major and District commander who was forced out of the department due to his "Hamsterdam" experiment that de-criminalized drugs, despite this causing a reduction in felonies 

Kenneth Dozerman
Dozerman was a friend of Carver and Herc in the DEU that moved into the Major Crimes Unit in season 4 

Thomas "Herc" Hauk
A former D E U  member who was a partner of Ellis Carver  He left the Western District to work on the Mayor's security detail 

Jimmy McNulty
McNulty was a former beat officer who became a detective  He returned to patrol in season 4 but after the death of an informant, he rejoined the Homicide Unit 

Others
The following are former officers or assistant police not part of a District, Administrative, or Criminal Investigation Division 

Walter Cantrell
Played by: Dave Trovato
Appears inSeason one: "The Detail" and "Sentencing" (uncredited) 
Season four: "Unto Others" (uncredited) Walter Cantrell is a major and the Southern District commander  He is first seen in season one where he is a lieutenant and commands Roland "Prez" Pryzbylewski and Leander Sydnor  Lieutenant Cedric Daniels bargains with Cantrell to have the highly competent Sydnor assigned to the Barksdale detail to compensate for taking the erratic Pryzbylewski  Cantrell and Daniels are both candidates for the next post of major, and because of Daniels' insubordination while conducting the Barksdale investigation, Cantrell receives the promotion at the end of the first season  He is seen again in season four commanding the Southern District and preparing new mayor Tommy Carcetti for a ride-along 

Claude Diggins
Played by: Jeffrey Fugitt
Appears in season two: "Ebb Tide"; "Collateral Damage"; "Undertow"; "All Prologue"; "Duck and Cover"; "Storm Warnings" and "Port in a Storm" Diggins is a Baltimore police department Marine Unit officer who partners with Jimmy McNulty when he is assigned to the unit  He advises McNulty on how to make the best of the situation, but McNulty hates the fumes  Diggins is forgiving of McNulty's time away from the unit and shares his own boat with Bunk Moreland and McNulty to pose as a fishing craft when observing Spiros "Vondas" Vondopoulos  He has a noticeable Baltimore accent 

Randall Frazier
Played by: Erik Todd Dellums
Appears inSeason one: "The Detail"; "The Wire"
Season two: "Collateral Damage"; "Hot Shots" and "All Prologue"
Season three: "All Due Respect"Frazier is a Baltimore police department medical examiner  He is involved in the investigation of the death of William Gant  Later he was responsible for the autopsies of fourteen unidentified women found at the Baltimore docks  He helped Jimmy McNulty to prove that the deaths occurred in the city jurisdiction, by establishing their time of death based upon the air supply in the container the bodies were discovered in  He also linked the bodies to a specific plastic surgery clinic by identifying a breast implant type that several of the women shared and tracing the serial number  This information helped the detectives to establish that the women were sex trade workers 

Beadie Russell
Russell is a port authority police officer and a single mother who develops an interest in case work following a chance discovery  She also develops a relationship with Jimmy McNulty in seasons 4 and 5 

Marvin Taylor
Played by: Barnett Lloyd
Appears inSeason three: "Time After Time"; "All Due Respect"; "Dead Soldiers"Taylor is a black Major who was the acting commander of the Eastern District  Under pressure from the Mayor's office, Ervin Burrell is told to start coming down on the department to reduce the crime rate by any means possible  As Taylor's district had a low number of felony arrests and handgun confiscations in addition to a high number of homicides in a very short period of time, Deputy Rawls angrily tells him that he had eight hours to get a grip on his district or he would be fired  
Cedric Daniels and Jimmy McNulty then arrested an eastside drug dealer named "Cheese" whom they suspect of being responsible for some of the murders in his district  When insufficient evidence against "Cheese" or any other suspected murderers is present, Rawls berates him one last time at a Comstat meeting, after which Commissioner Burrell relieves Taylor of command  This is intended as an example to all the other commanders in the department, that if they did not improve their statistics they will also be replaced 

Torret
Played by: Derren M  Fuentes
Appears inSeason one: "The Hunt", "Cleaning Up"
Season two: "Stray Rounds"
Season three: "Middle Ground", "Mission Accomplished"Lieutenant Torret is a black officer who appears in charge of the Quick Response Team (QRT) when they are required for raids and arresting criminals  He first appeared in Season 1 leading the search for Savino and then commanding the unit to surround Avon Barksdale's strip club during his arrest  In Season 2, he appeared leading the raid on the Franklin Terrace towers when a nine-year-old child was accidentally shot and killed by a stray round in a shootout between drug dealers  In that raid he had the unit arrest everyone in "The Pit" as he assumed them a suspect for being around that area  
In Season 3, he appeared at the rank of Major commanding QRT and Tactical units citywide no longer actively participating in the raids  He helped plan and lead the raid to shut down "Hamsterdam" at the orders of Deputy Rawls  He was present with Rawls when finding the body of drug addict Johnny Weeks, who was then taken to the morgue in a squad car as a means of preventing the media from linking the death to the "Hamsterdam" experiment 

Relatives
Cheryl
Played by: Melanie Nicholls-King
Appears inSeason one: "The Target"; "Old Cases"; "The Cost"; "The Hunt" and "Sentencing" 
Season two: "Ebb Tide"; "Hard Cases"; "All Prologue"; "Storm Warnings" and "Port in a Storm" 
Season three: "All Due Respect" and "Back Burners" 
Season four: "Know Your Place"
Season five: "Transitions",Cheryl is Kima Greggs' live-in partner; she works in the television news industry and often worries about Kima's safety as a police officer  She hopes that Kima will take a less dangerous job and start a family with her  She also appears to do most of the cooking and cleaning in the relationship 
After Kima's shooting, Cheryl insists that Kima take a desk job  Kima acquiesces for a time but eventually returns to investigative work in season 2  Cheryl jealously insists on accompanying Kima when she goes to interview a contact in a strip club  Cheryl finds the assignment hard to understand, until Kima shows her the conditions in which fourteen girls were murdered 
In season 2, Cheryl becomes pregnant by artificial insemination, and in season 3, the couple has a baby boy  Kima begins to spend less time at home, and Cheryl is left to deal with motherhood alone  Kima eventually realizes she does not want to be a parent and moves out of their shared home  Kima is behind on her child support for much of season 4, but gets some overtime in Homicide and visits Cheryl, who is now happy with her new partner 

Elena McNulty
Played by: Callie Thorne
Appears in:Season one: "Old Cases" and "The Cost" 
Season two: "Hot Shots"; "Hard Cases"; "Undertow"; "All Prologue" and "Backwash" 
Season three: "Time After Time"; "Hamsterdam" and "Straight and True" 
Season four: "Misgivings"
Season five: "React Quotes"Elena was Jimmy McNulty's wife  They are divorced and have two sons, Sean and Michael 
Elena is angered by Jimmy due to catching him in bed with another woman  She uses her lawyer to try to destroy Jimmy throughout the first season as much as she can  She is also protective of her sons and worries that Jimmy is a dangerous influence on them because of his drinking  When he exposes them to danger by having them tail the subject of his investigation, Stringer Bell, she files for an emergency order to prevent him from seeing the boys  At the court hearing, the judge convinces them to work out arrangements between themselves 
In season two Elena is seen at work as a realtor showing a house to Nick Sobotka  Jimmy tries to initiate a reconciliation with Elena and considerably cleans up his drinking habits and behaviour  The two sleep together, but in the morning Elena asks Jimmy to leave as she feels it would be unfair on her sons for them to see him in the house 
In season three, Elena is established as seriously dating a man named Dennis who sits front row at Orioles games but wears a suit and spends most of the game talking on a cell phone  Jimmy's partner Bunk Moreland suspects that Dennis is a downtown lawyer due to his appearance and mannerisms 
In season four, Elena sees that Jimmy is becoming more stable as a patrolman and states to him that "If I knew you were going to grow up to be a grown up   " suggesting that she wishes she was the one reaping the benefits of this new Jimmy McNulty 
In season five, Elena confronts Jimmy because she notices he is going back to his old ways  She tells him Beadie knows she is losing him just like she, herself, knew back then  She tells him she was actually happy for him that he found Beadie and that he was really turning his life around  She convinces him to try to work things out with Beadie 

Sean James McNulty
Played by: Eric Gershowitz
Appears in:Season one: "The Wire"; "Lessons" and "Sentencing" 
Season two: "Hot Shots" 
Season three: "Time After Time"; "Straight and True" and "Slapstick" 
Season four: "Misgivings"
Season five: "React Quotes"Sean is Elena and Jimmy McNulty's oldest son  He lives with his mother and his brother Michael following his parents separation but still sees his father  Jimmy teaches his sons the front and follow technique and when he spots Stringer Bell in a market he has them follow him  Michael and Sean manage to record Stringer's number plate, which aids their father's investigation  In a brief appearance in the fourth season, he says he wants to be a rock star 

Michael Barnes McNulty
Played by: Antonio Cordova
Appears in:Season one: "Old Cases"; "The Wire" and "Lessons" 
Season three: "Time After Time"; "Hamsterdam"; "Straight and True" and "Slapstick" 
Season four: "Misgivings"
Season five: "React Quotes"Michael is Elena and Jimmy McNulty's younger son  He lives with his mother and his brother Sean following his parents separation but still sees his father  Michael plays soccer and Jimmy tries to attend his games  Jimmy teaches his sons the front and follow technique and when he spotted Stringer Bell in a market he had them follow him  Michael and Sean managed to record Stringer's number plate, which aided their father's investigation  In a brief appearance in the fourth season, he says he wants to be a video game designer 

Actual BPD Officers who have appeared
The following is a list of actual Baltimore Police Department officers who have appeared on the show at some point  Many of these officers were either commanders of the department or featured officers in the David Simon's books of The Corner and Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets 

Gary D'Addario
Recurring character
A former Baltimore Police Department Major who was featured homicide unit shift lieutenant in David Simon's Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets  He appears recurringly as a grand jury prosecutor named Gary DiPasquale 

Leonard Hamm
Season five: "Not for Attribution"A former Baltimore Police Department Commissioner who appears as a midnight shift homicide detective in Season 5 

Jay Landsman
Recurring character
A former Baltimore Police Department Sergeant who was featured homicide unit sergeant in David Simon's Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets  He appears recurringly as Western District Administrative Lieutenant turned Major Dennis Mello 

Edward Norris
Recurring character
A former Baltimore Police Department Commissioner who appears as a recurring character of the same name working as a homicide detective 

Jimmy Rood
Season four: "Boys of Summer"A Baltimore Police Department C I D  Major who appears as a patrolman in Season 4 who encounters mayoral candidate Tommy Carcetti 

Donald Worden
Worden is a former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective featured in David Simon's Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets who appears as a midnight shift homicide detective in season five  He is also mentioned in episodes in season one ("The Pager"), season three ("Slapstick"), season four ("Margin of Error") and season five ("Not for Attribution") 

Other officers mentioned
The following is a list of other Baltimore Police Department officers who have been mentioned on the show at some point  Many of these officers were either commanders of the department or featured officers in the David Simon's books of The Corner and Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets 

Ed Burns
Mentioned in :Season three: "Slapstick"
A former Baltimore Police Department narcotics detective turned school teacher who co-authored The Corner with David Simon 

Michael Crutchfield
Recurring character of the same name
A former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective mentioned in David Simon's Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets who inspired a character of the same name played by actor Gregory L  Williams throughout the series 

Richard Garvey
Mentioned in :Season one: "Cleaning Up"
A Baltimore Police Department homicide detective featured prominently in David Simon's 'Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets'  He is mentioned by his last name as the detective investigating the murder of Nakeysha Lyles 

Vernon Holley
Recurring character of the same name
A former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective mentioned in David Simon's Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets who inspired a character of the same name played by actor Brian Anthony Wilson throughout the series 

Roger Nolan
Mentioned  in :Season one: "The Target"
A former Baltimore Police Department Sergeant who was featured homicide unit sergeant in David Simon's Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets  Nolan's name is mentioned as the sergeant of another homicide unit in the department 

Rick Requer
Mentioned in :Season five: "Transitions"
A former Baltimore Police Department homicide detective featured in David Simon's Homicide: A Year on the Killing Streets  He inspired a character named Oscar Requer played by actor Roscoe Orman in Season 5  Requer was the basis for the character of Bunk Moreland 



ground_truth: a Western District uniformed officer