prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: When was the last time the team that Terry Twell was a member of beat the 194-95 winner of the FA Cup?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
History of Chelsea F C 
The History of Chelsea F C  spans the period from 1905 to the present day:

History of Chelsea F C  (1905–1952)
History of Chelsea F C  (1952–1983)
History of Chelsea F C  (1983–2003)
History of Chelsea F C  (2003–2022)
History of Chelsea F C  (2022–present)For a season-by-season account of Chelsea's history, see List of Chelsea F C  seasons 

See also
Chelsea F C  § History
Passage 2:
Second City derby
In English football, the Second City derby or Birmingham derby, is the local derby between the two major clubs in the city of Birmingham – Aston Villa and Birmingham City, first contested in 1879  Villa play at Villa Park while Birmingham play at St Andrew's, the two grounds separated by roughly 2 4 miles (3 9 km)  It is known as the Second City Derby based on Birmingham being referred to as the second city of the United Kingdom  The two clubs are generally regarded as each other's most fierce rivals  In addition both sides have affiliated women's sides, Aston Villa W F C  and Birmingham City W F C 

History
The clubs first met on 27 September 1879, when Birmingham City were called Small Heath Alliance  The game, on a pitch at Small Heath's Muntz Street ground described by the Villa players as "only suitable for pot-holing", finished 1–0 – recorded as "one goal and a disputed goal to nil" – to the home side  Villa won the first competitive game between the clubs, in the Second Round of the FA Cup at Wellington Road in 1887, by four goals to nil, and their first league encounter, in the First Division in the 1894–95 season, 2–1 The two teams have engaged in several hotly contested matches  In the 1925 league game at Villa Park, with the home side 3–0 ahead with eleven minutes to go, Blues scored three times in a dramatic final spell to draw the match  The following year, Aston Villa made headlines with the signing of Tom 'Pongo' Waring, and his first appearance was for the reserves against Birmingham City's reserves, which famously drew a crowd of 23,000  Waring scored three times in the match The most significant clash was the final of the 1963 League Cup, which was staged not long after Aston Villa had beaten Birmingham City 4–0 in the league  Blues won 3–1 on aggregate over the two-legged final to claim their first major domestic honour During the late 1970s to early 1980s both Villa and Blues met regularly in the First Division and both teams had some memorable successes in the fixture  In 1980–81 Villa did the double over Blues and went on to win the First Division title  Blues scored a memorable 3–0 victory at St Andrew's in the first meeting following Villa's European Cup triumph in 1982  Both teams promptly went into decline  Blues racked up a 3–0 win in a relegation battle at Villa Park in March 1986 but were relegated at the end of that season  Villa would be demoted the following campaign  The next time Villa met Blues in a league fixture at Villa Park again was in the Second Division and saw a 2–0 Blues victory  The reverse fixture at St Andrew's was a 2–1 Villa victory with both goals coming from Garry Thompson  The two sides would only meet again in the 1980s in cup competitions  Villa won 7–0 on aggregate when they clashed twice in the 1988–89 League Cup  The same season Villa also won a Full Members Cup clash 6–0 

The Premier League Era
Following the creation of the Premier League, Aston Villa and Birmingham City met twice in the second round of the 1993–94 League Cup  Villa won both matches 1–0  The game at St Andrew's was settled by a Kevin Richardson goal after his keeper Mark Bosnich had saved a penalty from John Frain to keep the game at 0–0  The second leg at Villa Park was notable for a winning goal from Villa's Dean Saunders and a red card for Blues' Paul Tait  Villa went on to win the trophy 
Blues' promotion to the Premier League in 2002 saw fans eagerly anticipating the first league derbies in 15 years  Blues won both derbies 3–0 and 2–0, respectively  Both matches saw goalkeeping errors by Villa goalkeeper Peter Enckelman, including a goal scored directly from an Olof Mellberg throw-in  Violence between both sets of fans occurred before both matches as evening kick-off times had allowed fans to get drunk over the course of the day  In March 2003, during the game at Villa Park, two Villa players were sent off, Dion Dublin for a head-butt on Blues' Robbie Savage and Joey Guðjónsson for a reckless two-footed tackle on Matthew Upson  Trouble also took place following the game on Witton Lane outside Villa Park, where missiles were hurled at police who were attempting to keep both sets of fans apart 
The 2003–04 Premiership season saw games ending in 0–0 and 2–2 draws  The 2–2 draw saw Blues recover a two-goal deficit thanks to a 90th-minute equaliser from Stern John  Both games were lunchtime kick-offs to avoid drunken behaviour, which was achieved although the games lost none of their passionate edge  The following season Blues got back to winning ways, with 2–1 victory at Villa Park just before Christmas and 2–0 at home in March, Villa keeper Thomas Sørensen making mistakes in both matches, though it's debatable if his errors directly affected the respective results  In the 2005–06 Premiership Season, Villa finally beat Blues in the Premiership, thanks to a Kevin Phillips goal  This was followed up by another Villa victory on 16 April 2006, Easter Sunday, with Aston Villa winning 3–1 thanks to two goals from Milan Baroš and a bicycle kick from Gary Cahill  Blues were relegated in 2006 but subsequently promoted in 2007 
In November 2007, Villa won their third consecutive derby match with a 2–1 victory at St Andrew's  Former Villa defender Liam Ridgewell scored an own goal to put Villa 1–0 up, Blues equalised through Mikael Forssell only for Gabriel Agbonlahor to clinch it with a late header for Villa, having cleared off his own line seconds before  Violent clashes took place outside the ground after the game in which over 20 police officers were hurt  The derby on 20 April 2008 between the two sides ended in a 5–1 win for Aston Villa at Villa Park, the biggest winning margin for either side in a league match for 40 years 
Villa continued their winning ways in the derby, when they won both of the meetings between the clubs in the 2009–10 Premier League season  The first took place on 13 September 2009 at St Andrew's, and ended 1–0 to Aston Villa, with Agbonlahor scoring the winner in the 85th minute, once again there was trouble with 14 arrests  Villa then went on to beat Blues 1–0 at Villa Park thanks to a disputed penalty from James Milner in the 82nd minute  This was the 3rd time in 4 derbies that Villa had scored the winning goal in the final 10 minutes of the game  Villa also possess the record of six straight wins from 1987 to 1993, including five cup matches  This record was then achieved in the Premier League after Villa beat Blues 1–0 on 25 April 2010, setting a record of six straight league wins from 2005 to 2010  The record was finally ended at the next derby match on 31 October 2010, which resulted in a 0–0 draw at Villa Park  The return match at St Andrew's also ended in a draw, with it finishing 1–1 
In those games in October and December 2010 where Aston Villa played Birmingham City, at Villa Park (Premier League, 31 October) and St Andrew's (League Cup, 1 December, which was the first mid-week game between the two sides since 2003) violence between the two sets of supporters and hooligan firms occurred, with many fans being arrested  In the first game, there were scenes of violence outside Villa Park and there were a small amount of arrests including a Birmingham City club chef  In the second of the two games (and larger scale violence) after Blues had beaten Villa 2–1, Blues supporters came onto the pitch and confronted the visiting Villa fans, this resulted in flares, ripped out seats and other missiles being hurled by Villa fans into the Blues supporters, there were also flash points before and after the game including the attack on a Blues supporters pub by Villa hooligans, the events were described as a "warzone" by a supporter who attended the game  Birmingham City were later fined £40,000 by the Football Association for failing to control their fans On 10 April 2011, an episode of Police Academy UK, a TV show aired on BBC Three which documents overseas police officers' introduction to British crime and policing, was set in Birmingham and covered the violence that occurred at the game between Birmingham City and Aston Villa on 1 December 2010 On 17 June 2011, Birmingham City manager Alex McLeish swapped Blues for Villa in a move that shocked the football world  The reaction from both sets of supporters was one of anger  Blues supporters were angry at McLeish, who guided them to only their second ever major trophy win in February 2011, for betraying them to join bitter rivals Villa, and Villa fans were unhappy with the appointment of a manager that had got Blues relegated twice in four seasons, and was perceived to play a negative style of football; that he came from Blues only served to rub salt into the wound of the board making such an unambitious and negative appointment  Several hundred Villa supporters protested at Villa Park when it emerged that Villa owner Randy Lerner has begun talks with McLeish  McLeish received death threats from followers of both teams following his appointment as Aston Villa manager  This controversial move only increased tension and hostility between the players, supporters and owners of both clubs even more as Blues directors threatened legal action against Villa for allegedly "tapping up" McLeish, who resigned as Blues manager on 12 June 2011, while he was still under contract at Birmingham City  McLeish's appointment marked the first time in history that a manager had moved directly from Birmingham City to Aston Villa  On 14 May 2012, one day after the 2011–12 Premier League season ended, McLeish was sacked as Villa manager after a massively disappointing one season in charge 

The EFL Championship Era
After being relegated in 2011, Birmingham are still yet to gain promotion back to the top flight of English football  However, since Alex McLeish was sacked as Villa manager, Villa's poor form continued  Despite several manager changes over the next few years, after several close calls they were finally relegated at the end of the 2015/16 season  Earlier on in the 2015/16 season, the two teams were drawn to play each other in the third round of the League Cup  Aston Villa ran out 1–0 winners thanks to a goal from Rudy Gestede  
In the 2016–17 season the two teams faced off in the second tier of English football for the first time since 1987  The first game at St Andrew's ended in a 1–1 draw  Villa won the second match 1–0 with a 69th-minute goal scored by Agbonlahor  The two sides faced each other again in the league during the 2017/18 season, producing a dismal 0–0 draw at St  Andrews marred by Birmingham fans throwing clappers at the Villa players all throughout the game, before Villa emphatically fortified their second city superiority with a 2–0 victory in front of 41,232 spectators at Villa Park  Some fans believed this game to be a coming of age for lifelong Villa fan and local Jack Grealish, who produced a match-winning man-of-the-match display  
The teams next met on 25 November in one of the most exciting derby games in recent times, Villa ran out 4-2 winners after goals from Jonathan Kodjia, Jack Grealish, a Tammy Abraham penalty and Alan Hutton who ran half the length of the pitch to score, Pedersen and Lukas Jutkiewicz scored for Birmingham On 10 March 2019, a Birmingham City fan invaded the pitch during the reverse fixture at St  Andrew's and assaulted Aston Villa captain Jack Grealish on the pitch by punching him from behind in the head, which was labelled as "disgraceful and cowardly" by supporters of both teams  The man was arrested and charged by West Midlands Police  St Andrew's' security was criticised as a result  The game ended in an ironic twist with a 1–0 win for Aston Villa with Grealish scoring the winning goal  At the end of the same season, Villa were promoted as they won ten in a row including that game  Since then, this fiercely contested fixture hasn't been played between the two rivals 

Women's Sides
Birmingham City W F C  were founded in 1968, whilst Aston Villa W F C  were founded in 1973 as Solihull F C , and took on their current Aston Villa guise in 1996  During the 2000-01 and 2001-02 seasons both teams competed in the second tier FA Women's Premier League North  Birmingham were then promoted to the Women's Premier League National with Villa joining them for one season in 2003-04 before being relegated  Then followed 18 years of the teams being in different divisions, Birmingham being in the top tier and Villa elsewhere, until the 2020–21 Women's Super League season when Villa were promoted up to join Blues  In the first ever WSL match between the two sides Birmingham beat Villa 1–0 at an empty Villa Park (due to restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom), while the Birmingham's home match which was also played behind closed doors at Damson Park, Solihull was a 1–1 draw  In the 2021–22 season, Aston Villa won 1–0 at St  Andrew's  Birmingham returned the favour and won 1–0 at Villa Park on 8 May 2022, the final day of the season, as they were relegated to the FA Women's Championship As of the 2021–22 Birmingham currently play at St Andrew's, home of the men's team, having played at Redditch Utd, Stratford Town and Solihull Moors in the 21st century  Villa play at Walsall's Bescot Stadium, having moved from Boldmere St Michaels - although important games such as the Second City Derby will often take place at Villa Park 

Statistics and records
As of the end of the 2010–11 season, there have been 120 meetings in major competition between the two teams since the first FA Cup meeting in 1887, of which Aston Villa have won 52 and Birmingham City 38  The most goals in one game were scored in a league game on 7 July 1895, in the First Division, as Small Heath lost to Aston Villa 7–3  The biggest winning margin was 6–0 to Aston Villa on 9 November 1988, in a Full Members Cup fixture  The last Birmingham City league victory over Aston Villa was on 20 March 2005, when Blues won 2–0 at St Andrew's  Villa won six encounters in a row, most recently on 25 April 2010 (2005–2010)  The two teams drew for the first time in over six years in the next match (the first of three in the 2010–11 season), with the match finishing 0–0 (the other Premier League match of the season also finished as a draw)  The second match of the season resulted in the first Blues win since 2005, as they beat Villa 2–1 in the 2010–11 League Cup Quarter Final on 1 December 2010 

All-time results
Cup matches
Women's matches
Summary of results
Stats correct as of 10 March 2019 

Records
Firsts
First competitive meeting: Aston Villa 4–0 Small Heath Alliance (FA Cup), 5 November 1887 
First league meeting: Aston Villa 2–1 Small Heath, 1 September 1894 
First away victory for Aston Villa: Small Heath 1–4 Aston Villa, 26 October 1895 
First away victory for Birmingham City: Aston Villa 1–3 Birmingham, 20 January 1906 

Results
Highest scoring game: Aston Villa 7–3 Small Heath, 7 September 1895 
Largest winning margin (Aston Villa): 6 goals – 6–0, 9 November 1988 
Largest winning margin (Birmingham City): 4 goals – 4–0, 21 September 1968 

Players
Most goals in a match (Aston Villa):
Most goals in a match (Birmingham City):

Trends
Most games won in a row (Aston Villa): 6, 16 October 2005 to 25 April 2010 
Most games won in a row (Birmingham City): 5, 3 April 1976 – 25 February 1978 
Most games without defeat (Aston Villa): 14, 16 October 2005 – on going
Most games without defeat (Birmingham City): 6, 8 March 1933 – 23 November 1935 and 16 September 2002 – 20 March 2005 
Most drawn games in a row: 4, 10 December 1949 – 21 September 1955 
Whenever the clubs have met in the Premier League the result has always been the same during that particular season: 2002/2003– 2 Blues wins, 2003/2004– 2 draws, 2004/2005– 2 Blues wins, 2005/2006– 2 Villa Wins, 2007/2008– 2 Villa wins, 2009/2010– 2 Villa wins, 2010/11- 2 draws 

Top scorers
The following is a list of the top goal scorers for each team in the fixture  Only players who have scored 4 or more goals feature 

Crossing the divide
Players
Unlike, for example, the Old Firm derby, there is no shortage of players who have appeared for both clubs  Villa legend Harry Hampton transferred to Blues after the First World War and helped the club to the Second Division title  The last established first-team player to make this move was Des Bremner in 1984, though there had been loan signings and movement of youth players during this period  The most recent permanent transfer from Aston Villa to Birmingham City was that of Gary Gardner in Summer 2019, his brother Craig was the previous player to move from Villa to Birmingham in 2010  The last player to move directly in the other direction was Spanish Winger Jota in the same transfer window 
Notable players who have been transferred directly between the clubs are listed below 

Aston Villa to Birmingham City
Notes
The players listed above made a direct transfer from Villa to Blues  In addition, there are several players who have "crossed the divide" but done so via another league club 
European Cup winner Dennis Mortimer – regarded by Villa fans as one of their greatest ever players – also played for Birmingham City in the 1986/7 season 
Kevin Phillips played for Villa in the 2005/06 season before moving to Blues in 2008 via West Bromwich Albion 

Birmingham City to Aston Villa
Notes
The players listed above made a direct transfer from Blues to Villa  In addition, there are several high-profile players who have "crossed the divide" but done so via another league club  Notable examples include former England international Emile Heskey and European Cup winner Peter Withe 
Chris Sutton was released by Birmingham City at the end of the 2005–06 season  His next club was Aston Villa, for whom he signed for in October 2006 
Scott Sinclair has played on loan at both clubs  He was on loan at Birmingham City while he was playing for Chelsea during the 2008–09 season and he was on loan at Aston Villa during the 2014–15 season before signing permanently from Manchester City 

Managers
Former Aston Villa Manager Ron Saunders, who managed Villa to League Cup success in 1975 and again in 1977 before taking the club to its first Championship success for 70 years in 1981, also moved across to Birmingham City following his resignation in 1982 
Alex McLeish's appointment as Aston Villa manager in June 2011 after resigning from Birmingham City five days before was the first time in history a manager has moved from Birmingham City to Aston Villa  The move shocked the football world and increased tension between the two clubs even more Former Birmingham City Manager Steve Bruce was appointed Villa manager in 2016 

Aston Villa to Birmingham City
Birmingham City to Aston Villa
Chairmen
Doug Ellis was a director of Birmingham City in the late 1960s before becoming part of a consortium which took over at Aston Villa in 1968 

See also
Aston Villa Hardcore (hooligan firm)
Birmingham Zulu Warriors (hooligan firm)
List of Aston Villa F C  seasons
List of Birmingham City F C  seasons
List of Aston Villa F C  records and statistics
List of Birmingham City F C  records and statistics
Passage 3:
1914 FA Cup Final
The 1914 FA Cup final was a football match between Burnley and Liverpool on 25 April 1914 at Crystal Palace, London  It was the final match of the 1913–14 FA Cup, the 43rd season of the country's primary cup competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup, better known as the FA Cup  Both teams were appearing in their first final Both teams entered the competition in the first round  Burnley's matches ranged from comfortable victories to close affairs  They beat Bolton Wanderers 3–0 in the third round, but beat Sheffield United 1–0 in a replay of their semi-final which finished 0–0  Liverpool matches were generally close affairs, two of their five ties went to a replay  Apart from a 5–1 victory in their third round replay against West Ham United, their biggest margin of victory was by two goals 
Watched by a crowd of 72,778, including King George V, who became the first reigning monarch to attend a FA Cup Final and to present the trophy to the winners, the first half was goalless  Burnley opened the scoring the 57th minute, when ex-Evertonian Bert Freeman scored  Liverpool could not find an equaliser in the remaining minutes and Burnley won the match 1–0 to win their first and to date only FA Cup 
The match was the last FA Cup Final to be played at Crystal Palace 

Match
Details
Passage 4:
1985 FA Cup Final
The 1985 FA Cup final was the 104th final of the FA Cup  It took place on 18 May 1985 at Wembley Stadium, and was contested by Manchester United and holders Everton  United won by a single goal, scored in extra time by Norman Whiteside, when he curled the ball into the net past the reach of Neville Southall after a run from the right 

Match
Summary
Everton were playing for the opportunity to win an unprecedented Treble, having won the First Division title by a margin of 13 points with three games to spare and beaten Rapid Wien in the 1985 European Cup Winners' Cup Final in Rotterdam just three days earlier  Meanwhile, Manchester United had finished fourth in the league and reached the quarter-finals of the UEFA Cup  The two sides met three times during the 1984–85 season prior to the FA Cup final; first, a 5–0 Everton win in the league at Goodison Park on 27 October 1984, followed by a 2–1 Everton win in the third round of the League Cup at Old Trafford three days later (Everton were ultimately knocked out of the League Cup by Grimsby Town in the following round)  The third meeting, also at Old Trafford, was a 1–1 league draw on 2 March 1985 
Eight of United's starting 11 had been members of the cup-winning side from two years earlier, while Arthur Albiston was the only remaining player from the team that won the 1977 FA Cup Final  When United next won the trophy in 1990, Mark Hughes and Bryan Robson were the only players from the 1985 side to feature in the winning team  Everton's last remaining player from this match was Neville Southall, who stayed with them until 1998 and helped them win a league title in 1987 and the FA Cup in 1995, also against United – where he and Welsh compatriot Hughes were the only survivors from the 1985 final 
The match was preceded by a minute's silence in memory of those who had died in the Bradford City stadium fire a week earlier 
Everton's Peter Reid had the first chance of the game after about 15 minutes; Manchester United goalkeeper Gary Bailey came to meet a long throw-in from Gary Stevens, but his punch was poor and only went as far as Reid on the edge of the penalty area  Reid volleyed the ball goalwards, but it was deflected onto the post by a sliding John Gidman With just under 15 minutes left in the second half, Kevin Moran of Manchester United became the first player to be sent off in an FA Cup Final, for committing a professional foul on Peter Reid, who was clean through on goal 
The match remained goalless after 90 minutes and went to extra time  Five minutes after half-time in extra time, Manchester United's Norman Whiteside scored the winner, curling a low shot around Everton's Pat Van Den Hauwe and past goalkeeper Neville Southall into the bottom corner of the net 
Having been sent off, Moran was not allowed to collect his medal with the rest of the Manchester United team as they received the trophy, although The Football Association later voted to allow him to receive one while the team was on holiday in Trinidad 
Two weeks after the match, rioting by Liverpool fans towards Juventus fans at the 1985 European Cup Final caused the Heysel disaster, in which 39 Juventus fans were unlawfully killed  As a result, UEFA banned all English clubs from competing in European competitions indefinitely, which meant United were unable to compete in the following season's Cup Winners' Cup  Everton were also banned from competing as league winners in the 1985–86 European Cup  The ban stood for five years, with Liverpool receiving a further year's exclusion 

Details
Passage 5:
Terry Twell
Terence Keith "Terry" Twell (21 February 1947 – 27 February 2013) was an English professional footballer who played in the Football League for Birmingham City  He played as a goalkeeper 
Twell was born in Doncaster, which is now in South Yorkshire  He began his football career with Bourne Town, and turned professional with Birmingham City in October 1964  Manager Stan Cullis gave him his debut in place of Jim Herriot in the Second Division on 14 October 1967 at home to Portsmouth  He was beaten by a 30-yard lob in that game, which finished as a 2–2 draw, conceded four goals in the next, and that was the end of his career in the Football League  He moved into non-league football with Stamford the following year, and was on the books of Bromsgrove Rovers during the 1969–70 season Twell died on 27 February 2013, aged 66 
Passage 6:
Michael Waltrip Racing
Michael Waltrip Racing Holdings LLC, doing business as Michael Waltrip Racing ("MWR"), was an American professional stock car racing team that last competed full-time in the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series  The company was as a 50–50 partnership between Robert Kauffman, the founder and managing partner of Fortress Investment Group,  and two-time Daytona 500 winner Michael Waltrip, who first established the team in 1996 in the Busch Series (now Xfinity Series)   The team was the first full-time three-car team to field Toyota Camrys when Toyota entered the Sprint Cup racing fold in 2007, before being joined by Joe Gibbs Racing in 2008  MWR was also the last original Toyota team in the Sprint Cup Series to still be in operation, as Bill Davis Racing and Red Bull Racing Team had both ceased operations in the preceding years 
The team last fielded the No  15 Toyota Camry for Clint Bowyer and the No  55 Camry for David Ragan  Brian Vickers would normally drive the No  55, but repeated health problems including blood clotting forced him out for much of 2015  Development driver Brett Moffitt and team owner Waltrip also competed in the car 

History
Michael Waltrip Racing began racing in the Winston Cup Series in 2002, making its debut at the 2002 Aaron's 499  The car was the No  98 Aaron's Chevrolet Monte Carlo driven by Kenny Wallace   Wallace qualified 27th and finished 21st  Following that first race, Waltrip sold the No  98 and its owner points to Innovative Motorsports 
After that, MWR fielded one Cup Series car, the No  00, on an intermittent basis through 2005  In 2006, MWR, in partnership with Bill Davis Racing, added a second car, Waltrip's No  55, but neither car had manufacturer support due to DaimlerChrysler suing BDR for breach of contract In 2006, MWR signed an agreement with Toyota to field multiple Toyota Camrys in the Nextel Cup Series for 2007   Waltrip was then able to add a third car driven by Dale Jarrett to his team for 2007, along with new sponsors However, the MWR team had a disastrous season  In February, Waltrip's teams were disallowed from their starting spots in the Daytona 500 due to an illegal fuel additive  The team members each faced a $100,000 fine and many team members were suspended  Though they backed up their qualifications by using back-up cars they suffered a terrible year  The team was unable to recover, failing to qualify for many events and losing sponsors such as Burger King and Domino's Pizza  Waltrip partnered with British-American billionaire Rob Kauffman as a 50% co-owner in order to fix the problem After the season, an ugly controversy emerged with Jack Roush of Roush Fenway Racing, who accused MWR of stealing one of his team's sway bars after a September 2007 race   While Waltrip and some other drivers, such as Jeff Gordon, argued that parts are often inadvertently swapped during post-race inspection, Roush held a lengthy news conference in March 2008 to accuse "the non-descript Toyota team" (MWR) of deliberately stealing the bar and threatened legal action   However, Roush, who had previously accused Toyota teams of being "ankle-biting Chihuahuas" and brought up Pearl Harbor in his effort to keep Toyota out of NASCAR, did not pursue such a lawsuit as NASCAR declared that the Toyota teams did nothing wrong and that Roush's ideas against Toyota were ridiculous 
For 2008, MWR once again added Aaron's as a sponsor and ran competitively, but again managed only one pole and just one top-5 finish, and UPS withdrew as a sponsor after Jarrett retired and transferred its sponsorship to MWR's archrivals Roush Fenway   In 2009, MWR was forced to form a technical alliance with JTG Daugherty Racing to have sponsorship for its third car   However, during this season, MWR finally achieved success as a Sprint Cup team, including winning a race and placing two cars in the top six two weeks later   Both of those cars ended up in the top 20 for the year   For 2010, MWR added Martin Truex Jr  as a full-time Sprint Cup driver   Michael Waltrip continued as a part-time driver, while also adding on talent such as former RCR crew chief Scott Miller, and hiring drivers Mark Martin, Clint Bowyer, and Brian Vickers 
In 2013, controversy arose in the Federated Auto Parts 400   Clint Bowyer spun out with seven laps to go, forcing a caution   Rumors abounded postrace that Bowyer had deliberately forced a caution to help Truex into the Chase   Truex was just ahead of Ryan Newman for the final Chase wildcard slot   They gained even further credence when it was revealed the third MWR driver, Brian Vickers, had pitted after the restart on orders from general manager Ty Norris, who was serving as his spotter   As it turned out, by the time Gordon was able to pit, he lost several spots and ultimately finished third, tying him with Truex in points   However, Truex got the final wildcard spot in the Chase via a tiebreaker  An investigation was unable to turn up conclusive evidence that Bowyer's spin was deliberate, but did find that Norris had tried to manipulate the race and Chase standings by having Vickers pit   As a result, NASCAR issued some of the stiffest penalties imposed on a team in its history   It fined MWR a record $300,000 and docked all three MWR teams 50 driver/owner points prior to points being reset for the Chase   The point penalty had the effect of ejecting Truex from the Chase and putting Gordon in (as 13th entrant after NASCAR was unable to eject Joey Logano from the Chase due to his involvement in another race manipulation scheme that same race)  Norris was suspended indefinitely, while crew chiefs Brian Pattie, Scott Miler and Chad Johnston were placed on probation until December 31  To make matters worse NAPA Auto Parts, who had sponsored Waltrip in both his driving and ownership roles since 2001, elected to end its business relationship with MWR following the incident, a decision that forced Waltrip to release Truex from his contract  On August 19, 2015, co-owner Rob Kauffman announced that MWR would cease full-time racing after 2015  Much of the MWR equipment and several employees went to BK Racing for 2016  They also sold their two charters to Stewart-Haas Racing and Joe Gibbs Racing, which currently use them as the No  41 and No  19, respectively After shutting down, MWR was embroiled in an ugly lawsuit with former tire changer Brandon Hopkins who sued the team for wrongful firing, defamation, and interference with finding work at another team  MWR counterclaimed that Hopkins stole pit road guns which was the cause of the firing  The suit was settled out of court in November, 2017 

Sprint Cup Series
Car No  00 history
Part Time (2002-2006)The first race for the No  00 was at the Tropicana 400, with Jerry Nadeau driving  Nadeau qualified 34th but finished 37th after suffering a steering failure  MWR attempted another race that season, the NAPA 500 with Buckshot Jones driving with a sponsorship from Charter Pipeline, but he failed to qualify due to rain  Jones ran the EA Sports 500 the following season, where he started 16th and led 19 laps before being relegated to 40th due to a crash  He attempted Atlanta again, but failed to qualify  Mike Skinner closed out the year for MWR at the Ford 400, qualifying 17th, but finishing 39th after a wreck 
In 2004, Kenny Wallace returned to MWR in the No  00  Running four races for the team, his best finish was a 22nd at Homestead-Miami Speedway  Wallace ran two races in 2005, finishing 27th at Darlington Raceway  Johnny Benson ran a pair of races that season as well, but did not finish any higher than 42nd  David Reutimann, who drove for Waltrip's brother Darrell in the Craftsman Truck Series, made his Cup debut at Lowe's Motor Speedway that season, qualifying 26th and finishing 22nd  In 2006, the No  00 ran under two separate entries  The first ran with listed owners Mike and Bonnie Anderson under the name MBA Racing  It campaigned Ford Fusions with Hermie Sadler driving  He made only three starts, with his best finish 40th at the Daytona 500  The other was the MWR car with Waltrip as the listed owner  Bill Elliott drove the Monte Carlo in five races in 2006 with a sponsorship from Burger King 

David Reutimann (2007-2008)David Reutimann was tapped to drive the No  00 Toyota Camry in 2007, with full-time primary sponsorships from Burger King and Domino's Pizza  He competed for the Rookie of the Year title as well as the Nextel Cup championship  However, the team struggled to qualify for races, as did other Toyota teams, making only 26 of 36 races in the season  Reutimann experienced one of the hardest crashes ever recorded at the 2007 Auto Club 500 at California Speedway  Because of the struggles, the team finished 39th in points and had a best finish of 13th  Burger King and Domino's then pulled their sponsorship for 2008 

Michael McDowell (2008)Reutimann opened 2008 in the No  00 with backing from Aaron's  After the first five races Reutimann moved to MWR's No  44 UPS Toyota and Michael McDowell took over the No  00  However, McDowell struggled to keep the car in the Top 35 in owner points, which is necessary for automatic qualification into each race, and was replaced near the end of the season by Mike Skinner in an effort to reclaim a Top 35 spot   In October 2008, MWR transferred its third team to the No  47 Toyota of JTG Daugherty Racing, driven by Marcos Ambrose, and discontinued the No  00 team for the balance of the season 
David Reutimann (2009-2011)
In 2009, the No  00 was once again driven by Reutimann with an Aaron's sponsorship for the entire 2009 season  This became Reutimann and MWR's breakthrough season, as Reutimann won a rain-shortened Coca-Cola 600 on May 25, 2009, giving Michael Waltrip Racing its first victory in a Sprint Cup race, which was considered vindication for a team that had struggled for years   After a strong start to the season, Reutimann ranked among the Top 12 drivers (who qualify for the Chase for the Sprint Cup) after finishing third at the Pocono 500 in race No  14  He was caught by an early wreck at Daytona in race No  18 that dropped him to 14th, however, and he narrowly finished outside the Chase  He also won his second pole at Texas Motor Speedway in April and his third at Dover in the race after his first victory For 2010, Reutimann and the No  00 team returned with minimal changes  On July 10, they won the LifeLock com 400 at Chicagoland Speedway, for MWR's 2nd Sprint Cup win  On November 4, 2011, MWR announced that Reutimann would not return as driver of the No  00 for 2012 
For 2012, the No  00 was renumbered to 55 in honor of Aaron's founding in 1955 

Car No  00 results
Car No  15 history
Part Time (2010-2011)The 15 began as the No  51 because Michael Waltrip's move away from full-time driving, the team began fielding a fourth car for him in selected races in 2010   Instead of continuing to use the No  55, Waltrip decided to go with the No  51, which is the inverse of the No  15, which is the car that Waltrip drove for DEI to four victories at Daytona and Talladega in the early 2000s   Waltrip first drove the No  51 for the 2010 Daytona Speedweeks, and he became the final qualifier in the 2010 Daytona 500 despite wrecking in the qualifying race In 2011, the car was renumbered as the No  15, with Waltrip driving the car at Daytona and Talladega  Waltrip also attempted to qualify for the first ever Cup race at Kentucky (Waltrip's home track), but qualifying was rained out and the No  15 was too low in points to make the field 

Clint Bowyer (2012-2015)The No  15 ran full-time in the Sprint Cup in 2012 as Clint Bowyer joined the team from Richard Childress Racing  Bowyer ran with 5-Hour Energy as his sponsor  In June 2012, Bowyer won at Sonoma  He won again at Richmond International Raceway in September 2012 for MWR's fourth win, also becoming the first MWR driver to qualify for the Chase for the Sprint Cup   Bowyer would win for the third time in 2012 at Charlotte in October, and ended up finishing second in the points standings after a mechanical failure on Jimmie Johnson's car in the final race 
Bowyer and MWR struggled more to find speed in both 2014 and 2015, failing to win any races nor contend for a championship  Bowyer and MWR  parted ways after the season ended with MWR not fielding full-time teams in 2016 

Car No  15 results
Car No  44 history
Dale Jarrett (2007-2008)

1999 series champion Dale Jarrett and his sponsor UPS moved over from Robert Yates Racing's No  88 car to MWR's No  44 car for the full season 
Jarrett started the 2007 NASCAR Nextel Cup season on a high note as he drew pole position for the annual exhibition race, the Budweiser Shootout, at the Daytona International Speedway  He finished 18th out of 21 cars  Since Jarrett's team was a brand new team and had no owner points, and due to a rule change, he was eligible to use the Past Champion's Provisional five times as his 1999 championship was the most recent among past champions who were driving for teams not in the top 35 in owner points; prior to the rule change the use of a Past Champion's Provisional was not limited 
Jarrett was forced to use all five of his provisionals at the start of the season, starting at Daytona mainly because Michael Waltrip Racing was penalized by NASCAR for an illegal fuel additive during Speedweeks and the penalties knocked Jarrett, Michael Waltrip and David Reutimann out of the top 35 in owner points-the safety net for qualifying regardless of rain and cancellations of qualifying 
Jarrett started 43rd in the Daytona 500 and finished 22nd  Jarrett used his last champion's provisional at the Spring Talladega race, Aaron's 499  For the rest of 2007, Jarrett had to get into that weekend's race on time  Like the other two teams, Jarrett struggled, failing to qualify for twelve races and not scoring a single pole or top 10 finish, leading to a dismal 41st-place points finish 
During an interview on Speed, Jarrett said after his contract is up with MWR (which was expected to be in the 2009 season), he would retire, but the timetable was pushed up in October 2007 prior to the 2007 Bank of America 500  Jarrett retired from points racing after the 2008 Food City 500, turning the No  44 Toyota ride to David Reutimann  His final race was the All-Star race in May 2008 
In 2008, Jarrett planned to run the first five races and the All Star Race before retiring from Sprint Cup Series competition  
However, Jarrett was not guaranteed to start the first five races using the champion's provisional as he had the year before as Kurt Busch, the 2004 champion, had his team's owner points transferred to his teammate Sam Hornish Jr  and would be first to receive it 
In his abbreviated final season, Jarrett had a best finish of 16th in the Daytona 500 but no finish higher than 26th otherwise 

David Reutimann (2008)For the rest of the 2008 season, David Reutimann moved over from the 00 Aaron's Dream Machine to pilot the 44 car  David had four top 10s in his entire season, including a pole at the season finale Ford 400 

Car No  44 results
Car No  55 history
Michael Waltrip (2006-2009)Michael Waltrip formed an alliance with Bill Davis Racing in 2006 as Davis was going to switch to Toyota in 2007, which was the selected manufacturer for Waltrip's new team as well  This enabled Waltrip to have a car to drive as he built his team  NAPA Auto Parts, Waltrip's sponsor, followed him to his new team and Waltrip ran a Dodge Charger for 2006, although unbranded due to the team already burning bridges with DaimlerChrysler  The team bought points from Penske Racing's No  77 team, which shut down after it lost sponsorship  Since the listed owner of the No  77 was Doug Bawel, whose Jasper Motorsports team was absorbed by Penske a few years earlier, his name was registered as owner and the No  55 ran under the Waltrip-Jasper Racing banner for 2006  The arrangement called for the points to be transferred to Waltrip's new ride at MWR for 2007, which they were; however, Waltrip failed to make the top-35 in points, which meant Waltrip would have to qualify on time in 2007 

Waltrip took his Bill Davis points to his own then-new Toyota Camry team for the 2007 season with sponsor NAPA Auto Parts in the Nextel Cup Series  It was a dismal first year for the No  55 Toyota Camry in NASCAR top series competition, as Waltrip's team faced stiff penalties for using illegal fuel additives during qualifying for the Daytona 500  The team rebounded to qualify 15th via the Gatorade Duels, but finished 30th, leaving Daytona with negative driver and owner points (the team's finish in the Daytona 500 earned them 73 points, but the 100 point penalty they received from NASCAR left them last in the standings at −27 points)  Waltrip proceeded to fail to qualify for 11 consecutive races before qualifying for his second race at Dover International Speedway on June 2  Making just his third start of the season at Michigan International Speedway on June 18, Waltrip posted the team's first top-10 finish and Toyota's third by finishing 10th and leading a lap  In order to take advantage of the champions provisional, Terry Labonte drove the No  55 in 2007 at Infineon, Indianapolis, and Watkins Glen  Waltrip gave Toyota its second pole in Cup competition at Talladega on October 7 and grabbed another top-10 finish at Lowe's the following week, bringing his team barely inside the top 43 in points by the end of the season 
Waltrip continued to run the No  55 during 2008 and 2009   The car qualified in the Top 35 in owner points for 2008, and Waltrip recorded his best finish as a Sprint Cup owner with a second place in the 2008 Lenox Industrial Tools 301 in June   In 2009, Waltrip started the season with a seventh-place finish in the 2009 Daytona 500   However, because Waltrip consistently qualified and finished behind both his teammate Reutimann and MWR satellite driver Marcos Ambrose during the first half of 2009, he began to discuss retirement as a driver, stating that, as his team's owner, he would make himself retire as a driver if he was no longer competitive 
Prism Motorsports (2010)In 2010, Prism Motorsports, a mostly start and park team in a technical alliance with MWR, ran a second car full-time, numbered No  55  For Talladega, Bristol, Michigan and Sonoma, Waltrip drove the No  55 as part of Prism (Waltrip started and parked at Bristol and would have at Michigan had he qualified) 

Mark Martin and Brian Vickers (2012-2013)The No  55 returned in 2012 with Aaron's moving from the No  00 car and Mark Martin hired to drive 24 races in the car for the next two seasons  Michael Waltrip drove the car in the Budweiser Shootout and also drove in the Aaron's 499, Coke Zero 400, Quaker State 400, and Good Sam Club 500  Former Red Bull Racing Team driver Brian Vickers was hired to drive at both races at Bristol, Martinsville, New Hampshire, and the two road courses 
In 2013, the No  55 was again split  This time Waltrip would race 3 times under the No  55 team, Martin would race 24 more times, and Vickers would race 9 times  In 2013, the No  55 got its third NASCAR Sprint Cup victory at Loudon with Vickers driving  In the final laps, Vickers stole the lead from Tony Stewart and after a debris caution fought Stewart for the lead, ending with Stewart running out of gas in turn 3 just before the white flag; locking up the victory for Vickers  On August 13, it was announced that Vickers would run the No  55 full-time in 2014 and 2015 In early August, Tony Stewart broke his leg in a sprint car accident  It was determined that he would miss the rest of the year  Martin was hired to replace Stewart for most of the rest of the season except Talladega  Michael Waltrip Racing ultimately agreed to release Martin from the rest of his deal and give the No  55 over to Vickers early (except for Talladega, where Waltrip was going to drive the car)  However, blood clots discovered in Vickers' leg after the Charlotte race ended his season, necessitating the team to hire Elliott Sadler to drive the car for the remaining four races of the year 

Brian Vickers (2014-2015)Vickers returned from his medical issues in 2014, but missed the Chase in only his second full season since 2009 
Vickers will miss the first two races of the 2015 season after off-season surgery to repair a patch placed over a hole in his heart  Vickers Team owner and race driver Michael Waltrip will race the Daytona 500, while Brett Moffitt raced the No  55 for the Folds of Honor QuikTrip 500  Vickers returned for two races before he was sidelined again just before Fontana  Moffitt was named the interim driver and later declared his candidacy for Rookie of the Year 

David Ragan (2015)On April 24, it was announced that David Ragan would take over the No  55 beginning at Kansas  Ragan had several strong runs in the 55, with potential top 10 finishes at Sonoma, Bristol, Daytona, Pocono, Watkins Glen, Martinsville, and Charlotte, but fell victim to bad racing luck, with crashes or mechanical failures in many events  He was ultimately released and left for BK Racing when MWR closed its doors 

Car No  55 results
Car No  56 history
Martin Truex Jr  (2010-2013)

In 2010, Martin Truex Jr  replaced Waltrip as the driver for this team, renumbered as No  56  The No  56 team used the No  55's owner's points for 2010  Truex would join Bowyer in qualifying for the Chase for the Sprint Cup in 2012  On June 23, 2013, Truex won the Toyota Save/Mart 350 at Sonoma by 8 seconds over Jeff Gordon, his 2nd career victory (breaking a 218-race winless streak as a driver stretching back to June 3rd, 2007), and the 7th as well as final victory for MWR in the Series  Truex also had initially joined Bowyer again in the 2013 Chase, but controversy arose in the final race before the Chase at Richmond, in which MWR was found to have deliberately manipulated the end of the race in order to allow Truex to hold off Ryan Newman for a Chase spot (see above)   On September 9, NASCAR ejected Truex from the Chase and placed Newman in  On September 19, NAPA announced that it will no longer sponsor the No  56  On October 14, it was announced that due to the lack of sponsorship or a driver, the car's points would be moved to a new research and development team starting in 2014, later named Identity Ventures Racing  It was also announced three days later that Truex was picked up by Furniture Row Racing to takeover the No  78 from the departing Kurt Busch 

Car No  56 results
Car No  66 history
In 2009, MWR fielded a car for Dave Blaney and Prism Motorsports at the Coca-Cola 600  The car was sponsored by Aaron's and used Prism's No  66 
In 2014, with no driver or sponsor lined up, the points from the former No  56 car was transferred to Identity Ventures Racing, owned by Nat Hardwick and Jay Robinson, and the number was changed to 66  The car was fielded out of the MWR shop for select races for Michael Waltrip, Jeff Burton, and Brett Moffitt, with Waltrip and Moffitt running select races with MWR support out of Robinson's shop  The other primary drivers were Joe Nemechek and Mike Wallace  Identity Ventures Racing folded after one season due to ownership issues, ending the satellite team 

Car No  98 history
Michael Waltrip Racing began racing in the Winston Cup Series in 2002, making its debut at the 2002 Aaron's 499  The car was the No  98 Aaron's Chevrolet Monte Carlo driven by Kenny Wallace  Wallace qualified 27th and finished 21st  Following that first race, Waltrip sold the No  98 and its owner points to Innovative Motorsports 
In October 2015, MWR leased the owner points from the No  98 of Premium Motorsports to field a car for Waltrip himself at the fall Talladega race  Premium is owned by  Jay Robinson, who was a partner in MWR's research and development team the previous season 

Nationwide Series
Car No  99 history
Michael Waltrip (1996-2006)
Waltrip made his debut as a car owner in 1996 driving the No  12 MW Windows Ford Thunderbird  He ran thirteen races that season, winning the pole at Richmond International Raceway and posting three top-five finishes  The next season, MWR switched to the No  21 with sponsorship from Band-Aid and had three fourth-place finishes, and had six top-ten finishes the following season  In 1998, Waltrip fielded a second car, the No  14 Rhodes Furniture Ford for Patty Moise full-time  Moise made 19 starts and a best finish of tenth at Bristol Motor Speedway, finishing 37th in points 
In 1999, Waltrip got his first career win as an owner/driver at the All Pro Bumper to Bumper 300  The next year, he switched to the No  7 as well as driving the No  99 car with Aarons sponsorship for three races, his best finish coming at Michigan International Speedway, where he placed second  Ted Christopher drove the No  99 at Memphis Motorsports Park with sponsorship from LesCare Kitchens, qualifying 29th and finishing 28th  MWR switched to the No  99 full-time in 2001, as Waltrip drove twelve races, his best finish third at the Aaron's 312  Waltrip also fielded the 99 for three races for Shawna Robinson, who had a 19th at Talladega Superspeedway, and Kerry Earnhardt, whose best finish was a 20th at Kentucky Speedway 
Waltrip had sole driving duties in 2002, running nineteen races and winning at Michigan International Speedway  The following season, he won at Bristol Motor Speedway  After making 31 starts in 2004 and winning at Nashville Superspeedway, Waltrip had only four top-tens in 2005  In 2006, Waltrip partnered with FitzBradshaw Racing to pick up FitzBradshaw's No  40 car's owner's points  He drove a majority of the races in 2006, with his brother Darrell and David Reutimann driving additional races using Evernham engines 

David Reutimann (2006-2008)David Reutimann drove the No  99 Aaron's Toyota Camry for Waltrip in 2007  He won his first career Nationwide Series race with the team at Memphis Motorsports Park in October, and finished second in points  In the latter part of 2007, MWR also fielded a second car with Michael McDowell to prepare him for a possible Sprint Cup career 

Trevor Bayne (2009-2010)
In 2009, the No  99 Toyota carried split by Michael Waltrip with sponsorship from Aaron's and Best Western, Trevor Bayne, and Scott Speed with sponsorship from Red Bull Energy Drink  For 2010 the team was co-purchased by former Diamond Ridge Motorsports owner Gary Betchel to form Diamond-Waltrip Racing to field development driver Trevor Bayne in the No  99 full-time for 2010, though they had limited sponsorship  Trevor Bayne left the team before the Kansas Speedway race in September  Martin Truex Jr  is the replacement driver for the rest of the 2010 NASCAR Nationwide Series  Also, the team fielded the No  00 NAPA Auto Parts/OUT! Pet Care Toyota for Ryan Truex and Truex Jr  on a limited basis in 2010 

Shut Down (2011)Travis Pastrana announced his intent to drive 7 races in 2011 with Boost Mobile, with Ryan Truex intending to run the remaining schedule minus the superspeedways  However, Pastrana was injured at X Games XVII and sat out the rest of 2011, stating that he would run the Nationwide Series in 2012  Truex's bid for Rookie of the Year was cut short when a lack of sponsorship forced the team to shut down briefly  The No  99 team returned for some races in 2011, with Cole Whitt driving at Charlotte and Patrick Carpentier driving his final race at Montreal  In 2012, MWR allied itself with Nationwide Series team RAB Racing to field Pastrana for 7 races  He would later join Roush Fenway Racing for 2013 

Craftsman Truck Series
Truck No  1 history
In 1996, Michael Waltrip drove the No  1 truck with sponsorship MW Windows at Las Vegas where he started 27th and finished 4th 
In 1997, Michael drove three races this season starting at Daytona, Martinsville and Fontana  The No  1 truck has new sponsorship Citgo, and Band-Aid 

Partnerships and alliances
MWR-AF Corse
In 2011 MWR entered into a technical alliance with AF Corse to provide them sportscars to race in the FIA World Endurance Championship and Tudor United SportsCar Championship (formerly Rolex Sports Car Series) competing under the AF Corse-Waltrip banner 

MWR-Prism Motorsports
At the start of the 2009 season, MWR entered into a technical alliance with Prism Motorsports for the 2009 season   Prism entered the No  66 car in each race, normally driven by Dave Blaney but also driven by Terry Labonte at the Daytona 500 and Michael McDowell at the Aaron's 499, with one-race sponsorship also provided by Aaron's for the 2009 Coca-Cola 600   MWR provided Prism with cars, engines and technical support   Prism became notorious as a start and park operation, only running a full race when the team had full sponsorship for the race, but the team has qualified for almost every race of the 2009 Sprint Cup season using the MWR equipment, sometimes beating out fully sponsored teams For 2010, Prism added a second car provided by MWR, the No  55, driven by former MWR Sprint Cup driver Michael McDowell   As of the start of the season, Prism had no sponsorship for either car   Prism co-owner Phil Parsons credited MWR with "allow[ing] us to purchase the cars and equipment we needed to grow our program "  Although Blaney failed to qualify for the Daytona 500, McDowell succeeded in qualifying for the starting field, using Michael Waltrip's old No  55 car   For Talladega, Waltrip drove the No  55 car for Prism, with Aaron's providing sponsorship 

MWR-Germain Racing
Germain Racing was an existing NASCAR Nationwide Series team that entered into Sprint Cup racing through a technical alliance with MWR beginning with two races during the 2008 season, with MWR supplying the No  13 Toyota Camry and technical support for Germain and driver Max Papis   Papis had previously driven for MWR vice president Cal Wells in the CART series In 2009, Germain Racing attempted to run a limited schedule in the Sprint Cup Series with Papis and sponsor GEICO  The team qualified for 15 races in 21 attempts   Germain planned to run full-time in 2010, but it might be required to start and park some unscheduled events due to its limited sponsorship from GEICO and lack of additional sponsorship   In the first event of the 2010 season, Papis qualified for the Daytona 500,  and since then, the No  13 Toyota Camry has qualified for four of the first five races 
In 2004, Michael Waltrip Racing began at partnership with Best Western that continues today  In 2011 for example, the hotel served as the primary sponsor for the Number 00 Toyota Camry driven by David Reutimann for the NASCAR Sprint Cup Series 

Diamond-Waltrip Racing
After the 2009 season, MWR sold the assets of its Nationwide team to Gary Bechtel and his Diamond Ridge Motorsports  Running the under the moniker of Diamond-Waltrip Racing, Bechtel's team ran the No  99 Toyota for MWR drivers Trevor Bayne, Ryan Truex, And Martin Truex Jr  and received technical support, equipment, owner's points, and employees from Waltrip 

Waltrip-Jasper Racing
On January 20, 2006, Michael Waltrip and president of Jasper Motorsports, Doug Bawel, announced the forming of Waltrip-Jasper Racing  Waltrip-Jasper Racing fielded the No  55 NAPA Auto Parts Car in the 2006 Nextel Cup Series, driven by Waltrip  Bawel, as the listed owner of the No  77 that he fielded with Roger Penske in 2005, had a guaranteed starting spot in the first five races of 2006 by virtue of finishing 34th in the 2005 owner points  This enabled Waltrip to make the first five races in 2006 without qualifying on time The Waltrip-Jasper partnership ceased at the end of the 2006 season 

Waltrip-PPI Racing
The partnership of Michael Waltrip Racing and PPI Motorsports was officially announced on February 10, 2007  The partnership was limited to the No  00 car, driven by David Reutimann  Cal Wells was listed as the owner and the 2006 owner points for the No  32 were transferred to the No  00 for the 2007 season  The partnership included the purchase of all equipment and personnel at PPI Motorsports, as the former No  32 pit crew became the No  00 pit crew The Waltrip-PPI partnership ceased at the end of the 2007 season, with Cal Wells moving to a management position at Waltrip Racing 

MWR-RAB Racing / Pastrana-Waltrip Racing
For 2011, MWR and X-Games gold medal driver Travis Pastrana announced a partnership known as Pastrana-Waltrip Racing  Pastrana would run seven races out of the MWR shop in the Nationwide Series for 2011, with Boost Mobile sponsoring the effort  Pastrana would then run 20 races in 2012  Pastrana would also run in the K&N Pro Series East, making his stock car debut in the Toyota All-Star Showdown  MWR development driver Ryan Truex would fill out the rest of the schedule  Red Bull development driver Cole Whitt ran at Charlotte in May  An ankle injury to Pastrana in X Games competition, however, sidelined him for the season prior to making any starts, and lack of funding forced the team to shut down mid-season MWR and Pastrana planned to restart Pastrana's NASCAR career in 2012, with the team being renamed Pastrana 199 Racing  On April 17, 2012, the team announced a partnership with Nationwide Series team RAB Racing  With RAB lacking a sponsor for regular driver Kenny Wallace and MWR unable to afford fielding the Nationwide team, the two teams formed a partnership to have Pastrana run in his previously assigned 7 races  RAB's number was changed from No  09 to No  99, and the team received additional cars and support from MWR  RAB crew chief Scott Zippadelli worked with Pastrana in his starts  Coincidentally, Ryan Truex ran several races for the team under RAB though he had been granted his release from MWR  RAB fielded MWR driver Patrick Carpentier with NAPA at Montreal in July  Though the partnership ended after the 2012 season, RAB continues to use the number 99 

MWR-Identity Ventures Racing
In 2014, a MWR satellite team, Identity Ventures Racing, was formed, fielding the No  66 Toyota Camry   MWR provided tires and technical assistance, with some races receiving more support than others (depending on sponsorship)  Races with more sponsorship received more support for MWR   Michael Waltrip, Joe Nemechek, Jeff Burton and Brett Moffitt were the primary drivers in 2014  As the season continued, Nemechek and Burton's races began getting handed to younger drivers  Moffitt began to take Burton and Nemechek's races, with neither veteran finishing the season in the No  66  IVR shut down after just one season when team co-owner Nat Hardwick was involved in an embezzlement scandal involving his companies Landcastle Title and Morris-Hardwick-Schneider (which were the team's primary sponsors) 

Michael Waltrip Racing executive team
Ty Norris
Norris was the E V P  of Business Development and was also the General Manager  Ty Norris’ career in NASCAR span the course of 15 years and includes some of the sport's most recognizable names – Dale Earnhardt, Inc , Speedway Motorsports, Inc  and RJ Reynolds  Over the past few years, Norris applied his industry knowledge to help grow Michael Waltrip Racing and negotiate key partnerships with sponsors, such as, NAPA Auto Parts, Aaron's and TUMS 
Larry Johns
Larry Johns was the E V P  and CFO  As Chief Financial Officer Larry Johns was primarily responsible for managing the 250-employee company's cash flow as well as communicating the team's strategic direction for execution from the shop floor to the racetrack  Johns previously served as CFO of PPI Motorsports, LLC and prior to that owned his own business for almost a decade 
Scott Miller Executive Vice President of Competition
Bobby Kennedy
Kennedy was the E V P  of Race Operations  Kennedy's NASCAR career began in 1987 and includes affiliations with organizations such as SABCO and Petty Enterprises  He joined Michael Waltrip Racing in January 2001 

Former employees
Cal Wells – 
Wells was the E V P  and COO  Wells has a rich racing history and his motorsports experience spans over 30 years  Wells has achieved quite a bit in his career and his business savvy has allowed him to become
an owner himself in a variety of racing series  In his most recent role, Wells was in charge of overseeing day-to-day operations for three NSCS teams and one NNS team at Michael Waltrip Racing  Wells was terminated from his position in July 2011 Steve Hallam
Hallam was the E V P  and Director of Competition  Hallam moved from England to North Carolina when he joined Michael Waltrip Racing before the 2009 season, giving up his job as head of race operations for McLaren after 27 years as an engineer and manager in Formula One  His resume includes 445 Grands Prix and six world championships  Hallam was terminated from his position in July 2011 

Raceworld USA
Raceworld USA, located in Cornelius, North Carolina, was the race shop and center of operations for Michael Waltrip Racing   The main shop facility consisted of 107,000 square feet (9,900 m2) while the fabrication shop consisted of the remaining 35,000 square feet (3,300 m2) Raceworld USA was also intended to be a tourist attraction  The shop featured elevated walkways and flat screen televisions, providing fans with an interactive inside look on how a race team functions  Also, Raceworld USA allowed patrons to hold events at the race shop 
The exhibit content in the facility was designed by Portland, Oregon–based Downstream 

Controversy
In 2010, Michael Waltrip Racing filed a lawsuit against the Williams F1 team, for reportedly stealing one of their employees while he was under contract with MWR  The employee in question was Mike Coughlan, who was a F1 engineer involved in a cheating scandal in 2007  While he was suspended from F1, Coughlan worked as an engineer for the team  When his suspension from F1 was over, he allegedly went back to the Williams team while still under contract with MWR, which MWR alleged caused the team to suffer financially  The lawsuit was settled out of court in October 2011; the settlement was very amicable, as Waltrip later invited Coughlan to a future race as a guest of the team Just before its shutdown at the end of 2015, MWR was sued by former tire carrier Brandon Hopkins  Hopkins was injured in a pit road accident that required surgery while serving Clint Bowyer's car  Hopkins accused MWR of blacklisting him, wrongfully terminating his contract with the team, libel, and intentional interference with his efforts to find work at another team  Michael Waltrip Racing counter-sued Hopkins, saying that he stole pit guns from the team which was the cause of his firing  In their countersuit against Hopkins, MWR asked to be reimbursed for the pit guns and for any claims by Hopkins to be dismissed  After years of back-and-forth between Hopkins and the defunct team, it was announced in November 2017 that "both parties are pleased to announce that they have amicably resolved their disputes in their entirety and wish each other well in the future "
Passage 7:
1894–95 FA Cup
The 1894–95 FA Cup was the 24th season of the world's oldest association football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (more usually known as the FA Cup)  The cup was won by Aston Villa, who defeated West Bromwich Albion 1–0 in the final of the competition, played at Crystal Palace in London  This was Villa's second victory in the FA Cup 
The Trophy was stolen from a display in the shop window of W  Shillcock (a football fitter) in Newton Row, Birmingham, after the Final and never recovered despite a £10 reward  According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer  The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game 
Matches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday  If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week  If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined  If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played 

Calendar
The format of the FA Cup for the season had a preliminary round, four qualifying rounds, three proper rounds, and the semi-finals and final 

First round proper
The first round proper contained sixteen ties between 32 teams  The 16 First Division sides were given a bye to this round, as were Notts County, Darwen, Bury, Newcastle United, Newton Heath and Woolwich Arsenal from the Second Division  The other Second Division sides were entered into the first round qualifying, with the exceptions of Burton Swifts, who started in the second round qualifying, and Manchester City, who played no part in the season's competition  Of the qualifying League sides, only Burton Wanderers and Leicester Fosse qualified to the FA Cup proper  Eight non-league sides also qualified 
The matches were played on Saturday, 2 February 1895  One match was drawn, with the replay taking place in the following midweek fixture  The Barnsley St Peter's – Liverpool game was voided following a dispute over extra time being played   The match was replayed nine days later, resulting in a 4–0 win to Liverpool 

Second round proper
The eight Second Round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 16 February 1895  There were two replays, played in the following midweek fixture 

Third round proper
The four Third Round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 2 March 1895  There were no replays 

Semi-finals
The semi-final matches were both played on Saturday, 16 March 1895  Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion went on to meet in the final at Crystal Palace 

Final
The Final was contested by Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion at Crystal Palace  Aston Villa won 1–0, with Bob Chatt being credited with scoring the fastest goal in FA Cup Final history, scored after just 30 seconds  Devey found Hodgetts, whose cross was laid off by Athersmith to Chatt, whose half volley took a deflection 

Match details
See also
FA Cup Final Results 1872-
Context 3: Passage 1:
Red Dragon (2002 film)
Red Dragon is a 2002 psychological thriller film based on the 1981 novel by Thomas Harris  It was directed by Brett Ratner and written by Ted Tally  It is the third film of the Dino De Laurentiis Company production, last produced by Universal and last starred by actor Anthony Hopkins  It follows The Silence of the Lambs (1991) and Hannibal (2001) as a prequel, being followed by Hannibal Rising (2007)  The film sees FBI agent Will Graham (Edward Norton) enlisting the help of serial killer Hannibal Lecter (Anthony Hopkins) to catch another killer, Francis Dolarhyde (Ralph Fiennes)  Harvey Keitel, Emily Watson, Mary-Louise Parker, and Philip Seymour Hoffman also star 
It is considered the fourth of the five released films regarding Hannibal Lecter  The novel was previously adapted into the film Manhunter (1986)  Both films feature the same cinematographer, Dante Spinotti  After turning down the Silence of the Lambs sequel, Hannibal (2001), Silence of the Lambs screenwriter Ted Tally returned to write Red Dragon  It was released on October 4, 2002 to generally positive reviews from critics, who deemed it to be an improvement over Hannibal, but inferior to The Silence of the Lambs       It was a box office success, earning $209 million worldwide against a $78 million budget  An origin story, titled Hannibal Rising was released in 2007 

Plot
In 1980, FBI agent Will Graham visits forensic psychiatrist Hannibal Lecter to discuss a case  Graham has been working with Lecter on a psychological profile of a serial killer who removes edible body parts from his victims; Graham is certain the killer is a cannibal  Realizing Graham is close to discovering he is the killer, Lecter stabs him, but Graham subdues him before falling unconscious  Lecter is imprisoned in an institution for the criminally insane, and Graham, traumatized, retires to Florida with his family 
Years later, in 1986, another serial killer nicknamed the Tooth Fairy has killed two families – the Jacobis and the Leeds – during full moons  With another full moon approaching, special agent Jack Crawford persuades Graham to help develop the killer's profile  After visiting the crime scenes in Atlanta, Georgia, and Birmingham, Alabama, and speaking with Crawford, Graham concludes that he must consult Lecter  Lecter taunts Graham but agrees to help 

The Tooth Fairy is Francis Dolarhyde, who kills as directed by his alternate personality, which he calls the Great Red Dragon, named after the William Blake painting The Great Red Dragon and the Woman Clothed in Sun, which he has tattooed on his back  He believes that each victim brings him closer to becoming the Dragon, as his psychopathology originates from his childhood abuse by his grandmother 
Freddy Lounds, a tabloid reporter for the National Tattler, pursues Graham for leads on the Tooth Fairy  A letter from the Tooth Fairy is discovered hidden in Lecter's cell, expressing admiration for Lecter and an interest in Graham and suggesting that Lecter reply through the personals section of the Tattler, which he does with Graham's home address, forcing Graham's wife, Molly, and son, Josh, to relocate  While in hiding, Graham teaches Molly how to fire a handgun 
To lure out the Tooth Fairy, Graham gives an interview to Lounds, disparaging the killer as an impotent homosexual and that Lecter was only feigning interest in him  Enraged, Dolarhyde kidnaps Lounds, glues him to a wheelchair and reveals himself as the Great Red Dragon  Dolarhyde shows Lounds photos he took of his victims before and after he murdered them  Dolarhyde forces Lounds to recant his allegations on tape, sets him on fire and sends him rolling and crashing into a company sign outside the Tattler offices 
At his job in a St  Louis photo lab, Dolarhyde gives blind co-worker Reba McClane a ride to her home and they begin a relationship  However, his alternate personality demands that he kill her  Desperate to stop the Dragon's control over him, Dolarhyde goes to the Brooklyn Museum, tears apart the Blake painting, and eats it 
Graham realizes that the Tooth Fairy knew the layout of his victims' houses from their home videos  He deduces that he works for the company that edits the home movies and transfers them to video  He visits the company processing plant to ask for information, and is spotted by Dolarhyde as he returns from Brooklyn 
In a panic, Dolarhyde goes to Reba's house  She has spent the evening with a co-worker, Ralph Mandy  After Reba enters her home, Dolarhyde kills Ralph, kidnaps Reba, takes her to his house, and sets it ablaze  Unable to shoot her, Dolarhyde apparently shoots himself  Reba escapes as the police arrive 
After an autopsy is performed on the corpse, it is revealed that Dolarhyde used Ralph's body to stage his death  Dolarhyde later infiltrates Graham's home in Florida and takes Josh hostage, threatening to kill him  To save Josh, Graham loudly insults him, reminding Dolarhyde of his grandmother's abuse and provoking him to furiously attack Graham  Both are severely wounded in a shootout, which ends when Molly kills Dolarhyde 
Graham survives and receives a letter from Lecter praising his work and bidding him well  Lecter's jailer, Dr  Frederick Chilton, tells him that he has a visitor, a young woman from the FBI 

Cast
Production
The 1991 film The Silence of the Lambs, starring Anthony Hopkins as Lecter, was a critical and commercial success, winning five Academy Awards  Hopkins was the only major member of the Silence of the Lambs team to return for the 2001 sequel, Hannibal; it was also a commercial success, but received less positive reviews  Both films were adapted from novels by Thomas Harris Husband-and-wife producers Dino and Martha De Laurentiis decided to produce a film based on the 1981 novel Red Dragon, the first Hannibal Lecter novel, as a prequel to The Silence of the Lambs  Dino said that people thought he was "crazy" for adapting the book, as it had been previously adapted as Manhunter (1986), with Brian Cox as Lecter  Both Manhunter and Red Dragon had the same cinematographer, Dante Spinotti Hopkins hesitated to sign on, worried that three Lecter films might be too much  Screenwriter Ted Tally, who wrote The Silence of the Lambs but not Hannibal, had turned down many offers to write more serial killer stories  He said he liked the idea of Hopkins' Lecter films forming a trilogy: "If it ends here, it will end gracefully  I would hate to see this become Hannibal Lecter XIII " To satisfy expectations, Tally added Lecter scenes not in the novel, describing it as a "commercial reality"  He had the support of Harris, who sent Tally dialogue and ideas for scenes  Edward Norton and Ralph Fiennes admired The Silence of the Lambs but had not enjoyed Hannibal  The cast were persuaded to join by Tally's screenplay; Fiennes felt it worked "only on suspense", without overt violence Norton and Ratner disagreed on the scene in which Graham approaches the incarcerated Lecter for the first time  Ratner wanted Norton to incorporate a gesture or look to indicate Graham's fear, but Norton felt the audience would not need this if it were filmed correctly  They compromised by showing Graham's sweat stains when he removes his jacket in the next scene  Whereas Fiennes wanted to avoid overplaying his serial killer character, Hopkins aimed to play Lecter with more "danger and rage" than before  Fiennes spent 90 minutes of each day for months building his physique, and wore a prosthetic to give him a cleft palate  The tattoo on his back took around eight hours to apply 

Soundtrack
Red Dragon: Original Motion Picture Soundtrack was composed by Danny Elfman, and produced by Mark Helfrich and Brett Ratner  Decca Records released it on September 24, 2002, in the United States and Canada 

Reception
Box office
Red Dragon was released on October 4, 2002, and opened in 3,357 theaters in the United States, grossing $13,478,355 on its opening day and $36,540,945 on its opening weekend, ranking #1 ahead of Sweet Home Alabama with a per theater average of $10,885  It went on to achieve the highest October opening weekend, beating Meet the Parents  This record was surpassed by Scary Movie 3 the following year  On its second weekend, it remained #1 and grossed $17,655,750 – $5,250 per theater  By its third weekend it dropped down to #3 and made $8,763,545 – $2,649 per theater In the UK, Red Dragon collected $4 6 million during its opening weekend, ranking in first place at the box office above Lilo & Stitch Red Dragon grossed $93,149,898 in the United States and Canada and $116,046,400 in other territories  In total, the film has grossed $209,196,298 worldwide 

Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of 69% based on 191 reviews, with an average rating of 6 40/10  The site's consensus said the film is "competently made, but everything is a bit too familiar"  On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 60 out of 100, based on 36 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews"  Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale Richard Corliss of Time gave the film a positive review, stating: "This darkly seductive, flawlessly acted piece is worlds removed from most horror films  Here monsters have their grandeur, heroes their gravity  And when they collide, a dance of death ensues between two souls doomed to understand each other " Todd McCarthy of Variety also gave the film a positive review, saying that the "audiences will be excused for any feelings of déjà vu the new film might inspire  That won't prevent them from watching it in rapt, anxious silence, however, as the gruesome crimes, twisted psychology and deterministic dread that lie at the heart of Harris' work are laid out with care and skill "Roger Ebert of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film 3 5 out of four, praising Brett Ratner's directing and the film's atmosphere  He stated: "To my surprise, Ratner does a sure, stylish job, appreciating the droll humor of Lecter's predicament, creating a depraved new villain in the Tooth Fairy (Ralph Fiennes), and using the quiet, intense skills of Norton to create a character whose old fears feed into his new ones  There is also humor, of the uneasy he-can't-get-away-with-this variety, in the character of a nosy scandal-sheet reporter (Philip Seymour Hoffman) " David Sterritt of the Christian Science Monitor gave the film a positive review, stated that "the most refreshing aspect of Red Dragon is its reliance on old-fashioned acting instead of computer-aided gizmos  Hopkins overdoes his role at times—his vocal tones are almost campy—but his piercing eyes are as menacing as ever, and Ralph Fiennes is scarily good as his fellow lunatic "David Grove of Film Threat, who gave the film four stars out of five, said: "Is Red Dragon a better film than Manhunter? I don't know  I think it stands on its own, but I wonder how much people who are intimately familiar with Manhunter will be shocked by it, although the ending is altogether different and much more realized, I think"  Rick Kisonak, who also wrote for Film Threat, also gave the film a positive review, but he gave it three stars out of five, saying: "The only downside to this delectable third course? The regrettable likelihood that Lecter fans will have to make do without dessert "Edward Guthmann of San Francisco Chronicle, gave the film a mixed review, saying that "in Hollywood, where integrity is rapidly consumed and careers defined by market value, there's trash and there's trash with a pedigree " Stephanie Zacharek, for Salon, also gave the film a mixed review, stating: "If you buy the overprocessed headcheese of the serial killer as refined genius, you'll love Red Dragon  Or maybe not  Even Hannibal Lecter devotees may lose patience with this picture's grandiose, self-serious ponderousness—that's Lecterese for, 'It's kind of boring in patches, actually '" William Arnold of Seattle Post-Intelligencer, who gave the film a mixed review, said that the film "basically lives up to the old adage that the final work in a trilogy is invariably the weakest " Michael Atkinson of The Village Voice gave the film a negative review; he stated: "Red Dragon's formula is so risible and rote by now that the natural reaction to scenes of peril, torture, and suffering is flippant laughter "

Home media
The film was released on VHS and DVD on April 1, 2003  It was released in two extras-packed DVD editions, a single-disc package and two-disc "Director's Edition"  The single-disc package includes deleted scenes, director's commentary by Brett Ratner, Interview with FBI profiler John E  Douglas, Four featurettes: "The Hannibal Lecter Story," "The Making of Red Dragon," "The Art of Criminal Profiling" and "The Making of a Killer"  The Director's Edition includes Ratner's video diary, featurette "The Red Dragon Tattoo", screen and film tests, and storyboard-to-final-feature comparisons 

Awards
Red Dragon was nominated for 13 awards, and won several, including Empire Award for Best British Actress (Emily Watson) and Young Artist Award for Best Performance in a Feature Film – Young Actor Age Ten or Younger (Tyler Patrick Jones) 

See also
List of films featuring home invasions

Notes
Passage 2:
Rod Smith (wide receiver)
Roderick Duane Smith (born May 15, 1970) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for 14 seasons for the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL)   He played college football for the Missouri Southern Lions   He was originally signed by the Broncos as an undrafted free agent and played his entire career with the team   As of 2023's offseason, his 849 career receptions and 11,389 receiving yards ranked him 30th all-time for receptions and 34th for yards 

Personal life
At Arkansas Senior High School in Texarkana, Arkansas, Smith lettered two years in football and basketball, and one year in baseball  As a senior in football, he was All-League, All-Area, and All-State  Outside of football Rod Smith has three kids (Roderick Smith Jr , Devin Smith, and Vanessa Webb)  He is a business entrepreneur as he has expressed in many interviews  Some of these have featured his kids speaking about their father's accomplishments on and off the field 

College career
Smith enjoyed a stellar career at Missouri Southern State University, finishing with conference records in career receiving yards (3,043) and touchdowns (34)  He also broke the school’s reception record (153), and was named first-team All-America by AP, Kodak, Football Gazette and NCAA Division II sports information directors after his senior year  In his final season, Smith caught 63 passes for 986 yards and 13 touchdowns, and was a finalist for the Harlon Hill Trophy, given annually to the top football player at the Division II level  He was named Missouri Southern’s Outstanding Graduate in 1994 after completing his collegiate studies with three degrees, in economics and finance, general business, as well as marketing and management 

Professional career
After the 1994 draft, Smith went undrafted and was signed by the Denver Broncos as a free agent  His first NFL catch was a last-minute 43-yard touchdown from John Elway in a 38–31 win against the Washington Redskins on September 17, 1995  In fourteen seasons as an NFL player, Smith had eight seasons of at least 1,000 receiving yards  He had two seasons of at least 100 receptions (2000: 100; 2001: 113)  In 2000, Smith and teammate Ed McCaffrey became only the second wide receiver duo on the same team to each gain 100 receptions in the same season (with Herman Moore and Brett Perriman)  His 113 receptions in 2001 led the league  He was a starting wide receiver of the Broncos' back-to-back Super Bowl championships in 1997 and 1998  In the Broncos' 34–19 win in Super Bowl XXXIII, Smith had 5 receptions for 152 yards, tied for 5th most in Super Bowl history, including an 80-yard touchdown reception  He was a finalist for the Walter Payton Man of the Year Award in 2004 
A hip injury that he suffered in 2006 required a complete hip replacement  On December 28, 2007 it was revealed that Smith needed another hip surgery, possibly ending his career  He was placed on the reserve/retired list on February 15, 2008, and announced his formal retirement from professional football on July 24, 2008 in a press conference at the team's Dove Valley headquarters 
Smith finished his career as the Broncos all-time leader in receptions (849), receiving yards (11,389), and touchdown receptions (68)   Also an accomplished punt returner, Smith returned 53 punts for 647 yards and a touchdown   His 12 2 yards per return average ranked him 2nd all time among Broncos players with at least 50 punt returns   With two Super Bowls, three Pro Bowls, and a controversy-free career noted for professionalism, Smith left the Broncos as one of the most well-loved players of all time  In May 2012 it was announced that he would be inducted into the Broncos Ring of Fame in his first year of eligibility for the honor  The induction ceremony took place on Sunday, Sep 23, at halftime of the Broncos' home game against the Houston Texans at Sports Authority Field at Mile High 

Awards and accomplishments
First undrafted player to reach 10,000 receiving yards, and the 24th in history to eclipse that figure 
Has the most receiving yards (11,389) and touchdown receptions (68) of any undrafted player in NFL history 
Ranks second on the most receptions (849) by any undrafted player in NFL history, behind Wes Welker 
Holds Broncos franchise records in career receptions, receiving yards and touchdown catches 
Ranks first on Denver's all-time yards from scrimmage list 
Only the sixth player in NFL history to have 100 receptions against at least 3 teams (Kansas City Chiefs, San Diego Chargers and Oakland Raiders) 
AFC Offensive Player of the Week (week 15; 12/17/05 against the Buffalo Bills at Buffalo) 
Associated Press second-team All-Pro (2000, 2001) 
Football Digest first-team All-Pro (2000, 2001) 
USA Today first-team All-Pro (2000) 
College and Pro Newsweekly first-team All-Pro (2000) 
Pro Football Weekly All-AFC (2000, 2001) 
Division II Hall of Fame (Inducted in 2008)
College Football Hall of Fame (Inducted in 2009)
Denver Broncos Ring of Fame (Inducted in 2012)

Franchise records
As of 2023's NFL off-season, Rod Smith held at least 11 Broncos franchise records, including:

Receptions: career (849), season (113 in 2001)
Receiving Yds: career (11,389), playoffs (860)
Receiving TDs: career (68), playoffs (6)
Total TDs: career (71)
Yds from Scrimmage: career (11,737)
All Purpose Yds: career (12,488)
Games with 1+ TD scored: career (66)
Seasons with 1000+ receiving yards: career (8)
Passage 3:
Ron Smith (wide receiver)
Ronnie Bernard Smith (born November 20, 1956) is a former professional American football wide receiver who played in the National Football League (NFL) for six seasons with the Los Angeles Rams, the San Diego Chargers, and the Philadelphia Eagles 
Smith played defensive end at Kathleen High School in Lakeland, Florida  At 6 feet (1 8 m) and 185 pounds (84 kg), he received an offer to play for Cal State Fullerton, and instead enrolled at Fullerton College  He switched to playing wide receiver after his first year, and was a Junior College All-American the following season, when he earned a scholarship to play with San Diego State  As a senior in 1977, Smith caught 49 passes for around 700 yards and 14 touchdowns and was a key to the Aztecs' 10–1 season In the 1978 NFL draft, Smith was selected in the second round by the Los Angeles Rams  He caught just one pass as a rookie in 1978  A seldom-used sophomore in 1979, he caught a 43-yard touchdown from Vince Ferragamo at the end of the first half to give the Rams a 14–5 lead in an eventual 21–19 win over Dallas in the divisional playoffs  In Super Bowl XIV, Smith caught a 24-yard touchdown on a halfback option pass from Lawrence McCutcheon, but the Rams loss 31–19 to Pittsburgh  The San Diego Chargers acquired him from the Rams at the end of the preseason in 1980 for a middle-round draft pick  He caught just four passes for 48 yards during the regular season for San Diego   However, he came up with another key playoff touchdown when he caught a game-winning 50-yard score from Dan Fouts with 2:08 remaining in a 20–14 win over the Buffalo Bills, advancing the Chargers to the AFC Championship Game After his NFL career, Smith signed with the Oakland Invaders of the United States Football League (USFL) in 1984   Smith played in six games, starting five, and caught nine passes for 107 yards and one touchdown before being placed on injured reserve on May 30, 1984 

External links

Career statistics and player information from NFL com · Pro Football Reference
Passage 4:
Clarice Starling
Clarice M  Starling is a fictional character and protagonist of the novels The Silence of the Lambs (1988) and Hannibal (1999) by Thomas Harris 
In the 1991 film adaptation of The Silence of the Lambs, she was played by Jodie Foster, while in the 2001 film adaptation of Hannibal, she was played by Julianne Moore  In the CBS television series Clarice, she is played by Rebecca Breeds 
Clarice Starling, as portrayed by Foster, is ranked by the American Film Institute as the greatest heroine in film history  Rolling Stone and Entertainment Weekly ranked Starling as one of the "50 Greatest Movie Protagonists" and "100 Greatest Movie Characters" respectively  Foster's interpretation of Starling is highly ranked amongst the greatest screen performances of all-time, receiving a multitude of accolades including the Academy Award for Best Actress in 1992 

The Silence of the Lambs
In The Silence of the Lambs, Starling is a student at the FBI Academy  Her mentor, Behavioral Sciences Unit chief Jack Crawford, sends her to interview Dr  Hannibal Lecter, a brilliant psychiatrist and cannibalistic serial killer  He is housed in a Baltimore mental institution  Upon arriving at the asylum for her first interview with Lecter, the asylum manager Frederick Chilton makes a crude pass at her, which she rebuffs; this helps her bond with Lecter, who despises Chilton  "Multiple" Miggs, the inmate in the cell next to Lecter, throws his semen at her; this offends Lecter, who "influences" Miggs to commit suicide as a way of apologizing to her 
As time passes, Lecter gives Starling information about Buffalo Bill, a currently active serial killer being hunted by the FBI, but only in exchange for personal information, which Crawford had specifically warned her to keep secret from Lecter 
Starling tells Lecter that she was raised in a small town in West Virginia by her father, a night marshal  When she was a young child, her father was shot when responding to a robbery; he died a month after the incident  Her mother managed to keep the family together for more than two years after his death, working as a motel maid in the daytime and cooking at a café at night, but she was ultimately unable to support the entire family  When Starling was 10 years old, she was sent to live with her mother's cousin on a Montana sheep and horse ranch, but she ran away when she witnessed the spring lambs being slaughtered, fleeing with a mare also destined for the slaughterhouse whom she named Hannah  Starling was caught, but her mother's cousin eventually agreed to let her go, and she and Hannah both went to a Lutheran orphanage, where she spent the rest of her childhood 
According to the novel, Starling attended the University of Virginia as a double major in psychology and criminology  During that time, she spent two summers working as a counselor in a mental health center  Starling first met Crawford when he was a guest lecturer at UVA  His criminology seminars were a factor in her decision to join the FBI 
During the investigation, Starling is assigned to coax Lecter into revealing Buffalo Bill's identity  Lecter gives her clues in the form of cryptic, riddling information designed to help Starling figure it out for herself  The two grow to respect each other, so when Lecter escapes during a transfer to a state prison in Tennessee, Starling does not fear that he will kill her, as he "would consider it rude" 
Starling deduces from Lecter's hints that Buffalo Bill's first victim had a personal relationship with him, and so goes to the victim's home in Belvedere, Ohio, to interview people who knew her  She unknowingly stumbles onto the killer himself, Jame Gumb, who is living under the alias "Jack Gordon"  When she sees a Death's-head Moth, the same rare kind that Buffalo Bill stuffs in the throats of each of his victims, flutter through the house, she knows that she has found her man and tries to arrest him  Gumb flees, and Starling follows him into his basement, where his latest victim is alive and screaming for help  Gumb turns off the electricity in the basement, and stalks Starling through the rooms wearing night-vision goggles  As Gumb readies to shoot Starling, Starling hears him cock the hammer of his revolver and opens fire towards the sound, killing him  She is lauded as a hero in the press, and graduates with honors from the FBI Academy, becoming a full-fledged agent 
Weeks later, Lecter writes Starling a letter from a hotel room somewhere in St  Louis asking her if the lambs have stopped screaming 
The final scene of the novel has Starling sleeping peacefully at a friend's vacation house at the Maryland seashore 

Hannibal
At the beginning of Hannibal, Starling is in her early 30s and still working for the FBI, although her career has been held back by Paul Krendler, a Department of Justice official who resents her because he is a misogynist, because she rejected his sexual advances, and because he believes that she humiliated him  She takes part in a bungled drug raid, in which she returns fire after a drug kingpin fires at her, using an infant as a human shield; her superiors blame her for the resulting mess, and she is removed from active duty, mostly at Krendler's instigation  She receives a supportive letter from Lecter, who is (unknown to her at the time) residing in Florence, Italy under an alias  One of Lecter's surviving victims, a sadistic pedophile named Mason Verger, is searching for Lecter and has offered a huge reward, which corrupt Florentine police inspector Rinaldo Pazzi tries to claim when he deduces Lecter's true identity in Florence 
Starling finds out that Lecter is in Florence and attempts to warn Pazzi  As Starling predicted, Lecter knows about the plot to capture him and, as a result, he kills Pazzi  Lecter then flees to the United States and immediately starts to follow Starling  Starling, meanwhile, is being harassed at the FBI by various corrupt agents, especially by Krendler, who is secretly assisting Verger in his attempt to capture Lecter  Starling attempts to find Lecter first, not only to capture him but also to save him from Verger  Krendler attempts to frame Starling in a scheme planned by Verger, alleging she sent coded newspaper messages to Lecter; this only results in her being suspended, but she is now powerless to stop Verger's men  Lecter is captured by Verger, who plans to feed him to a pack of specially bred wild boars 

Starling is aware that Lecter is being held by Verger, so she attempts to save him so she can bring him in to the authorities  Following Verger's death at the hands of his sister Margot, Starling uses the distraction to try to rescue Lecter  She is wounded in the ensuing gunfight with Verger's men, but Lecter rescues her and nurses her back to health  He then subjects her to a regimen of psychoactive drugs in the course of therapy sessions to help her heal from her childhood trauma and her pent-up anger at the injustices of the world  He considers whether his long-dead younger sister Mischa may somehow be able to live again through Starling 
During this time, Lecter captures Krendler and performs a craniotomy on him while he is still alive  During an elaborate dinner, Lecter scoops spoonfuls of Krendler's forebrain to saute with lemon and capers  In the novel, he serves Krendler's brain to Starling, who finds it delicious 
Lecter's plan for Mischa to live again within Starling ultimately fails, as she refuses to have her own personality sublimated, and he only briefly entertains the idea of Mischa taking his place  Starling then opens her dress and offers her breasts to Lecter; he accepts her offer and the two become lovers  They disappear together, only to be sighted again three years later entering the Teatro Colón Opera House in Buenos Aires by former orderly Barney, who had treated Lecter with respect while he was incarcerated in Baltimore  Fearing for his life, Barney leaves Buenos Aires immediately, never to return 
The reader then learns that Lecter and Starling are living together in an "exquisite" Beaux Arts mansion, where they employ servants and engage in activities such as learning new languages and dancing together and building their own respective memory palaces, and is told that "Sex is a splendid structure they add to every day", that the psychoactive drugs "have had no part in their lives for a long time", and that Lecter is "satisfied" with the fact that Mischa cannot return 

Films
In the film adaptation of The Silence of the Lambs, Starling's role remains relatively unchanged from the book  However, the film adaptation of Hannibal significantly diverges from the novel's conclusion  In the film, Lecter neither attempts to brainwash Starling nor feeds her Krendler's brain (although he does feed portions of it to Krendler himself); instead, Starling tries to apprehend Lecter, but he overpowers her and she handcuffs both of them to the refrigerator in an attempt to keep him in the house before the imminent arrival of the police  Lecter then cuts off his own hand and escapes, leaving Starling to explain the situation to the police  He is later seen on a plane, apparently fleeing the country again 
Although she won the Academy Award for Best Actress for playing Starling in The Silence of the Lambs, Jodie Foster decided not to reprise her role in Hannibal  Julianne Moore portrayed the character in the sequel, with Anthony Hopkins himself recommending her for the role after his previous experience working with her in the film Surviving Picasso 

Television
Lifetime
In May 2012, Lifetime announced that they were developing a television series centered on Clarice Starling after her graduation from the FBI academy, titled Clarice, which was to be produced by MGM  The project did not go forward 

NBC
Bryan Fuller, the creator of the TV series Hannibal, stated prior to the show's cancellation his desire to include Clarice Starling as a character in the fifth season, provided that he could get the rights from MGM  He said that he planned for the show's fifth season to cover the events of The Silence of the Lambs, and the sixth to cover the events of Hannibal, with the seventh to be an original storyline resolving Hannibal's ending  Since the series' cancellation, Fuller has stated that should the series continue and should they obtain rights to adapt The Silence of the Lambs, Elliot Page or a person of color would be ideal casting for the role of Clarice Starling 

CBS

CBS developed the Clarice TV series as a sequel to The Silence of the Lambs set in 1993, created by Alex Kurtzman and Jenny Lumet  The series stars Rebecca Breeds as the titular character, along with Lucca De Oliveira, Devyn A  Tyler, Kal Penn, Nick Sandow, Michael Cudlitz, and Marnee Carpenter, and premiered on February 11, 2021, on CBS  It was effectively cancelled in June after one season because of low ratings and the breakdown of talks concerning the series' planned move from CBS to Paramount+ 
Passage 5:
John "Hannibal" Smith
Colonel John "Hannibal" Smith is a fictional character and one of the four protagonists of the 1980s action-adventure television series The A-Team, played by George Peppard  The producers originally had James Coburn in mind to play the part of Hannibal, but it eventually went to Peppard The character—which was based loosely on former United States Army Special Forces officer Bo Gritz—appeared on The A-Team from its beginning in 1983 until its end in 1987  The character was played by Liam Neeson in the 2010 film adaptation  His often spoken line "I love it when a plan comes together" was included in TV Land's "The 100 Greatest TV Quotes and Catch Phrases" in 2006 

Character biography
The A-Team is a group of ex-United States Army Special Forces soldiers who, near the end of the Vietnam War, were arrested for a crime they did not commit and managed to escape from the Military Police  As fugitives, the A-Team works as soldiers of fortune, using their military training to fight oppression or injustice  Hannibal, along with B  A  Baracus, Templeton "Faceman" Peck, and H  M  "Howlin' Mad" Murdock make up the A-Team 
In the pilot episode ("Mexican Slayride: Part 1"), Hannibal is described by a reporter colleague of Amy Allen as follows: "The leader [of the A-Team] is a Colonel named John Smith  But everybody calls him Hannibal  The guy has a very unorthodox style " Smith takes his name from the famous military commander and strategist, as alluded to by B  A  Baracus in the same episode; various items of tie-in literature for the series commented that just as the original Hannibal had led the elephants over the Alps, this Hannibal had led his men over the wall of Fort Bragg after they were wrongly arrested  He is distinguished by his unflappable demeanor, even when in peril, his constant cigar-smoking, his black leather gloves, and his many disguises  He is a master tactician (although his plans rarely turn out as they are supposed to; when asked if she thought this was going to work, Amy Allen summed it up by saying, "Hannibal's plans never work right  They just work ") and seems to have a plan for getting the team out of any situation they get into  His favorite catchphrase is, "I love it when a plan comes together"; he is often heard to remark "Nice" after part of his plan has succeeded - sometimes with destructive or explosive results 
He fought in both the Korean and Vietnam Wars, serving in the 5th Special Forces Group in Vietnam, and is a Medal of Honor recipient   His rank is inconsistent: throughout the first four seasons, he is referred to as possessing the rank of lieutenant colonel, though in keeping with US Army practice, he is most often referred to simply as "Colonel"  In the fourth-season episode "Members Only" and fifth-season episodes "Trial by Fire" and "Firing Line", however, he is wearing the eagle insignia of a full colonel  (His medals in these episodes are also different from those on display the last time he wore his Class A uniform in the first-season finale, "A Nice Place to Visit" ) Thriving on adventure and the adrenaline rush of life-threatening situations (or being "on the jazz", as the rest of the team refers to it), he seems to genuinely enjoy every challenge they encounter  He is renowned by both allies and enemies for being cool-headed and extremely clever  There is rarely a situation where he is not able to smile in the face of adversity  He will usually light up a cigar when he needs to do some thinking—often when coming up with a plan, or in the heat of a dangerous or exciting moment  He is also often seen putting on his gloves when he senses the action is about to pick up (such as a fist fight breaking out)  When captured by their enemies, he will deliver flippant or sarcastic remarks  He regularly dispenses aphorisms, especially to their foes, upon defeating them  He also has some medical skills which he picked up when in Vietnam 
He styles himself a "master of disguise", though his skill lies not so much in how convincing his disguise is, but in his ability to assume any role and convince others that his role is genuine  Most episodes begin with the prospective clients coming to meet the A-Team, only to be introduced to one of Hannibal's comic aliases  Hannibal uses his various disguises to screen all the A-Team's potential clients to assure they are not fronts for the military—sometimes playing more than one at a time  Clients often make reference to a "Mr  Lee", the owner of a Chinese laundromat who tells them where to meet the team 
Hannibal is also an aspiring actor, playing monsters in low-budget horror movies (being a fugitive, he can only choose roles in which his face cannot be seen)  His many roles include "Gatorella", "Killgator" and his most famous, "The Aquamaniac"



ground_truth: 1 December 2010

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: In which county is Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative headquartered?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Hughesville, Maryland
Hughesville is a census-designated place (CDP) in Charles County, Maryland, United States  The population was 2,197 at the 2010 census  Truman's Place was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1988 

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 11 2 square miles (29 1 km2), of which 11 2 square miles (28 9 km2) is land and 0 08 square miles (0 2 km2), or 0 69%, is water Hughesville was a tobacco market town   The former tobacco warehouses are now used for second-hand thrift stores and boutique gift and craft shops Because Hughesville, though small, is considered the strategic geographic center of the tri-county Southern Maryland region, it houses institutions such as the headquarters for the Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative, an animal shelter, an economic development council, a board of realtors, and a homeless women's shelter, which serve the tri-county area  There is also a Girl Scout camp  The town has no traditional grid-layout streets, but consists of merely businesses along the highway and some very small outlying housing developments  It was announced in 2013 that the College of Southern Maryland is building their fourth campus in the town A 5 5-MW solar farm near Hughesville generates enough power for 600 homes, and offsets the pollution of 1,600 cars 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,537 people, 503 households, and 407 families residing in the CDP  The population density was 137 4 inhabitants per square mile (53 1/km2)  There were 529 housing units at an average density of 47 3 per square mile (18 3/km2)  The racial makeup of the CDP was 82 04% White, 13 08% African American, 0 72% Native American, 2 73% Asian, 0 07% Pacific Islander, 0 13% from other races, and 1 24% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0 65% of the population 
There were 503 households, out of which 36 4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 68 2% were married couples living together, 7 4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 18 9% were non-families  12 7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 97 and the average family size was 3 25 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 26 3% under the age of 18, 6 5% from 18 to 24, 30 0% from 25 to 44, 27 3% from 45 to 64, and 10 0% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 38 years  For every 100 females, there were 99 4 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97 4 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $90,697, and the median income for a family was $103,393  Males had a median income of $49,500 versus $36,563 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $29,884  About 4 8% of families and 7 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7 9% of those under age 18 and 5 1% of those age 65 or over 
Passage 2:
Minsk Region
Minsk Region, also known as Minsk Oblast or Minsk Voblasts (Belarusian: Мі́нская во́бласць, romanized: Minskaja voblasć, IPA: [ˈmʲinskaja ˈvobɫasʲtsʲ]; Russian: Минская о́бласть, romanized: Minskaya oblast), is one of the regions of Belarus  Its administrative center is Minsk, although it is a separate administrative territorial entity of Belarus  As of 2011, the region's population is 1,411,500 

Geography
Minsk Region covers a total of 39,900 km2, about 19 44% of the national total area  Lake Narach, the largest lake in the country, is located in the northern part of the region  There are four other large lakes in this region: Svir (8th largest), Myadel (11th largest), Syalyava (14th largest) and Myastro (15th largest)  It is the only region of Belarus whose border is not part of the international border of Belarus 

History
Beginning the 10th century, the territory of the current Minsk Region was part of Kievan Rus', the Principality of Polotsk, and later it was included in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania  With the unification of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Kingdom of Poland, the territory became part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth 
In 1793, as a result of the second partition of Polish territory, the area was annexed by Russia as the Minsk Region  During the collapse of the Russian Empire due to the Civil War, the western part was annexed to Poland in 1921, while the east became Soviet Belarus 
The Minsk region was established on 15 January 1938, based on the amendment of the Constitutional Law of the USSR  As of 20 February 1938, the area included 20 districts   Following the Soviet invasion of Poland on September 17, 1939, the former Eastern lands of the Second Polish Republic were annexed in accordance with the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact partitioning Poland and added to the Minsk Region 
On 20 September 1944, by the decree of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR, the Gressky, Kopyl, Krasnoslobodski, Luban, Slutsky, Starobin, Starodorozhski districts and the city of Sluck were removed from the Minsk region and transferred to the newly formed Bobruisk Region 
On 8 January 1954, by the decree of the USSR Presidium of the Supreme Soviet, the Nesvizhski and Stolbtsovsky districts from the abolished Baranovichi Region, as well as the Glusk, Gressky, Kopyl, Krasnoslobodski, Luban, Slutsky, Starobin, Starodorozhski districts and the city of Sluck from the abolished Bobruisk Region, were added to the Minsk Region 
In 1960, following the abolition of Molodechno Region, its southern part became the northern part of the Minsk Region 

Tourism
The number of travel agencies in Minsk Region grew from twelve in 2000 to seventy in 2010  The most popular tourist destinations of the region are Zaslavskoye Lake, the Zhdanovichi area which has health resorts, Nesvizh Palace and its surroundings, as well as the alpine ski resorts of Logoysk and Silichi 

Administrative subdivisions
The Minsk Region comprises 22 districts (raions), 307 selsovets, 22 cities, 8 city municipalities, and 20 urban-type settlements 

Districts of Minsk Region
Cities and towns
Population of cities and towns in Minsk Region

Demographics
See also
Administrative divisions of Belarus
Villages in Minsk Region
Passage 3:
Hylestad
Hylestad is a former municipality in the old Aust-Agder county in Norway  The 570-square-kilometre (220 sq mi) former municipality existed from 1915 until its dissolution in 1962  It was located in the southern part of the present-day municipality of Valle in the traditional region of Setesdal in Agder county  The administrative centre was the village of Rysstad where the Hylestad Church was located 

History
The parish of Hylestad was established as a municipality on 1 July 1915 when the municipality of Valle was divided into two municipalities: Hylestad (population: 658) in the south and Valle (population: 1,051) in the north  During the 1960s, there were many municipal mergers across Norway due to the work of the Schei Committee  On 1 January 1962, Hylestad was reincorporated into Valle  Prior to the merger Hylestad had a population of 662 

Name
The municipality (originally the parish) was named after the old Hylestad farm (Old Norse: Hyljastaðir), since the first Hylestad Church was built there  The first element comes from hylja meaning a "pool" (possibly referring to the pool in the river) and the last element is staðir which means "homestead" or "farm" 

Government
All municipalities in Norway, including Hylestad, are responsible for primary education (through 10th grade), outpatient health services, senior citizen services, unemployment and other social services, zoning, economic development, and municipal roads  The municipality was governed by a municipal council of elected representatives, which in turn elected a mayor 

Municipal council
The municipal council (Herredsstyre) of Hylestad was made up of 13 representatives that were elected to four year terms   The party breakdown of the final municipal council was as follows:

Notable residents
Osmund Faremo (1921-1999), a Norwegian politician
Aani Aanisson Rysstad (1894-1965), a Norwegian politician

See also
List of former municipalities of Norway
Passage 4:
Port Blair
Port Blair (pronunciation ) is the capital city of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands, a union territory of India in the Bay of Bengal  It is also the local administrative sub-division (tehsil) of the islands, the headquarters for the district of South Andaman and is the territory's only notified town 
Port Blair serves as the entry point for visiting the Andaman and Nicobar Islands  Port Blair is connected with mainland India by both air and sea  It is a two to three-hour flight from mainland India to Port Blair's Veer Savarkar International Airport, and three to four days by sea to reach Kolkata, Chennai, or Visakhapatnam from Haddo Wharf in Port Blair  It is home to several museums and a major naval base INS Jarawa of the Indian Navy, along with sea and air bases of the Indian Coast Guard, Andaman and Nicobar Police, Andaman and Nicobar Command, the first integrated tri-command of the Indian Armed Forces and the Indian Air Force Port Blair is also famous for the historic Cellular Jail and other small islands like Corbyn's Cove, Wandoor, Ross Island, Viper Island and so forth, which were once home to British colonists  Port Blair has been selected as one of the cities to be developed as a smart city under the Smart Cities Mission 

History
Pre-history
The indigenous inhabitants are the Andamanese  Radiocarbon dating studies of the kitchen refuse dumps from the mounds excavated by the Anthropological Survey of India at Choladari near Port Blair indicate human occupation for at least 2,000 years, although they are likely to have diverged from the inhabitants of the mainland significantly earlier 

Modern history
In 1789 the Government of Bengal established a penal colony on Chatham Island in the southeast bay of Great Andaman, named Port Blair in the honour of Archibald Blair of the East India Company  After two years, the colony moved to the northeast part of Great Andaman and was named Port Cornwallis after Admiral William Cornwallis  However, there was much disease and death in the penal colony, and the government ceased operating it in May 1796 
In 1824 Port Cornwallis was the rendezvous of the fleet carrying the army to the First Anglo-Burmese War  In the 1830s and 1840s, shipwrecked crews who landed on the Andamans were often attacked and killed by the natives, alarming the British government  In 1855, the government proposed another settlement on the islands, including a convict establishment, but the Indian Rebellion of 1857 forced a delay in its construction 
However, since the rebellion provided the British with a lot of new prisoners, it made the new Andaman settlement and prison an urgent necessity  Construction began in November 1857 at the renovated Port Blair, avoiding the vicinity of a salt swamp which seemed to have been the source of many of the old colony's problems  The penal colony was originally on Viper Island  The convicts, mostly political prisoners, suffered life imprisonment at hard labour under cruel and degrading conditions  Many were hanged, while others died of disease and starvation  Between 1864 and 1867 a penal establishment was also built with convict labour on the northern side of Ross Island  These structures now lie in ruins As the Indian independence movement continued to grow in the late 19th century, the enormous Cellular Jail was constructed between 1896 and 1906 to house Indian convicts, mostly political prisoners, in solitary confinement  The Cellular Jail is also known as Kala Pani (translated as "Black Waters"), a name given to it due to the torture and general ill-treatment towards its Indian convicts 
The airport at Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar's capital, has been named Veer Savarkar International Airport  The commemorative blue plaque on India House fixed by the Historic Building and Monuments Commission for England reads "Vinayak Damodar Savarkar 1883–1966 Indian patriot and philosopher lived here "
In World War II the islands were occupied by the Japanese on 23 March 1942 without opposition from the garrison  From 1943 to 1944, Port Blair served as the headquarters of the Azad Hind government under Subhas Chandra Bose  British forces returned to the islands in October 1945 Although affected by the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, Port Blair survived sufficiently to act as a base for relief efforts in the islands 

Climate
Port Blair has a tropical monsoon climate (Köppen climate classification Am), with little variation in average temperature and large amounts of precipitation throughout the year  All months except January, February and March receive substantial rainfall 

Tourism
Port Blair being the capital city of Andaman and Nicobar Islands is the entry point for all tourism related activities  Tourists first have to arrive to Port Blair before progressing on to any other islands in Andaman  At Port Blair, the major tourist places to visit are the Cellular Jail, Corbyns Cove Beach, North Bay Island, Ross Island renamed to Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose Island, Chidiatapu, Wandoor and other museums that are present within city limits  Entry charges are applicable to some of the tourist places 

Demographics
As of 2011 India census, Port Blair had a population of 100,608  Males constitute 52 92% (53,247) of the population and females 47 07% (47,361)  9 3% of the population is under the age of 6 years 

Language
Bengali is the most spoken language of the city, followed by Telegu, Hindi and Tamil 

Religion
The most common religion is Hinduism, followed by Christianity and Islam 

Literacy
Port Blair has an average literacy rate of 89 76%, higher than the national average that is 74 04%  In Port Blair, male literacy is 92 79%, and female literacy is 86 34% 

Administration
The Port Blair Municipal Council, abbreviated as PBMC is the ruling civic body administering the city of Port Blair, the capital and the largest city in the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands  The council came into existence on 2 October 1957 after the assent by the President of India to the Andaman & Nicobar Islands (Municipal Board’s) Regulation, 1957 Act on 11 March 1957  The council comprises a total of 24 wards after the recent delimitation and the expansion of the city limits with the merger of few other villages to the existing 18 wards previously The recent elections for the council were held in 2022  U  Kavitha from ward 24 a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party was elected as the chairperson for the first term which commenced from 16 March 2022  On 14 March 2023, Telugu Desam Party councilor S  Selvi from ward 5 was elected as the chairperson for the second year term of commencing from 16 March 2023 as part of the joint candidature from the BJP-TDP Alliance 

PBMC electoral history
Education
B Ed
Tagore Government College of Education

Degree
Andaman and Nicobar college
Jawaharlal Nehru Government College

Engineering
Dr  B  R  Ambedkar Institute of Technology

Law
Andaman Law College

Medicine
Andaman and Nicobar Islands Institute of Medical Sciences

Gallery
See also
Cellular Jail
Charles James Lyall
Vinayak Damodar Savarkar
Ross Island
Havelock Island
Passage 5:
Pak Tam Chung
Pak Tam Chung (Chinese: 北潭涌) is an area in the southern part of the Sai Kung Peninsula in the New Territories of Hong Kong  It is administratively under the Sai Kung District 

Features
Pak Tam Chung was described as consisting of six villages in 1911 with fewer than 405 inhabitants: Wong Yi Chau (黃宜洲), Pak Tam (北潭), Sheung Yiu (上窰), Tsak Yue Wu (鯽魚湖), Wong Keng Tei (黃麖地) and Tsam Chuk Wan  The six villages were all inhabited by Hakka people, with the exception of two hamlets in Pak Tam There is a visitor centre for nature education set up by the Hong Kong Government  Near the centre is a vehicle barrier leading to the restricted portion of Sai Kung East Country Park in Pak Tam Chung  For vehicles, only those with authorisation can enter the area and reach places like Hoi Ha, Pak Tam Au and High Island Reservoir 
There are a number of picnic and barbecue facilities within Pak Tam Chung, including a site designed for physically disabled visitors 
Po Leung Kuk owns a holiday camp site in Pak Tam Chung, the Po Leung Kuk Pak Tam Chung Camp (保良局北潭涌渡假營) 

See also
Sheung Yiu Folk Museum
Historic churches of Sai Kung Peninsula
Sai Kung Town
Tai Po District
Passage 6:
United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York
The United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York is the United States bankruptcy court within the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York   The Southern District of New York is a major venue for bankruptcy, as it has jurisdiction over the corporate headquarters and major financial institutions located in Manhattan 
Originally, the District Court itself handled bankruptcies; these and admiralty court cases dominated nearly to the exclusion of all other cases, which were primarily handled by a Circuit Court for the District of New York and its successor Circuit Court for the Southern District of New York, until that court was abolished and its cases handled by the District Court as well   The district became widely recognized for its expertise in handling large bankruptcies, leading companies to seek a way to file in this court   Modern examples include the General Motors Chapter 11 reorganization and the Enron and WorldCom bankruptcies From 1980 through 2014, the Southern District Bankruptcy Court for New York handled over 18% of all large, public-company bankruptcy filings in the United States while the Delaware District Bankruptcy Court handled nearly 36% 

List of judges
The following is a list of the bankruptcy judges, as of May 2023, for the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York 

See also
United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
List of judges of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
Passage 7:
Alamnagar
Alamnagar (community development block) is one of the administrative divisions of Madhepura district in the Indian state of Bihar  The block headquarters are located at a distance of 58 km from the district headquarters, namely, Madhepura  The name of Alamnagar is named for Shah Alamgir  Almost alls caste of Hindus and Muslims live together  Khara Budhama is also attached in Alamnagar vidhan shabha from udakishunganj  Khara is located 12 km from Alamnagar 

Geography
Alamnagar is located at 25°32′56″N 86°54′40″E

Panchayats
Panchayats in Alamnagar community development block are: Bispatti, Basanbara, [Khurhan, Bargaon, Singhar, Itahari, Alamnagar North, Alamnagar South, Alamnagar East, Northua Bhagipur, Kujauri, Gangapur, Kishanpur Ratwara and Khapur 

Demographics
In the 2001 census Alamnagar Block had a population of 129,226 
Passage 8:
Ceres Nunataks
The Ceres Nunataks (72°3′S 70°25′W) are a group of three nunataks located immediately east of the base of Shostakovich Peninsula in southern Alexander Island, Antarctica  They were mapped by the Directorate of Overseas Surveys from satellite imagery supplied by the U S  National Aeronautics and Space Administration in cooperation with the U S  Geological Survey, and named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee after Ceres, one of the asteroids lying between the orbits of the planets Mars and Jupiter 

Geology
According to the British Antarctic Survey's (BAS) aeromagnetic 1975 survey of Ceres Nunataks and nearby Astraea Nunatak, this geographical feature is rich in the igneous rocks Diorite and Tonalite as presumed by the rock samples which were observed by BAS during this survey 

Aeromagnetic Survey of Ceres Nunataks and Astraea Nunatak
In December 1975, the British Antarctic Survey (BAS) (originally known as the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS)) embarked on an 8-week long survey observing the proposed theory of Ceres Nunataks and Astraea Nunatak having an aeromagnetic connection between one another  I  A  Crawford and R  W  Girdler embarked on the survey, along with other accompanists and personnel members, flying at a constant barometric altitude of approximately 1130 meters (3707 feet, with an east–west flightline separation of about 7 5 kilometers  Here, they proved that these geographical features were rich in geologic minerals which shared similar characteristics  Data was sampled at one-second intervals, which, at ground speed of approximately 240 kilometers per hour, equates to 15 data points for every kilometer covered  The total distance traveled on the surface was 2200 kilometers (1367 miles)  The equipment used included a Geometrics G-803 proton precision magnetometer with both analogue and digital recording, a Bendix DRA-12 Doppler navigation system and Sperry C-12 gyro-magnetic compass, and a Bonzer radio altimeter 
Overall, the 2-month long survey was a successful event and contributed to the history of Alexander Island and the Antarctic Peninsula in itself  Former contributors to this survey include:

Barker, P  F  - Studied the Cenozoic subduction history of the Antarctic Peninsula region 
Bell, C  M  - Observed the geology of the southern portion of Alexander Island 
Bhattacharyya, B  K  - Examined the magnetic anomalies due to prism-shaped bodies with arbitrary polarization 
Burn R  W  - Studied multiple fields of Alexander Island, such as the early Tertiary calc-alkaline volcanism on the island and researching the geology of the nearby LeMay Mountain Range due 40-50 kilometers north of Staccato Peaks 
Care, B  W  - Like Burn, Care studied the vast majority of fields involving Alexander Island, such as archiving geographic reports on the Havre Mountains, Lassus Mountains and other miscellaneous peaks within the vicinity of northern Alexander Island 
Coles R  W  - Conducted two magnetic interpretation methods using rectangular prisms 
Collinson, D  W  - Created an anisotropic susceptibility meter, along with Molyneux, L  and Stone, D  B 
Crabtree, R  D  - Constructed a British Antarctic Territory ice thickness map
Crawford, I  A  - Proposed an analysis of aeromagnetic data over the Staccato Peaks region of Alexander Island, Antarctica, along with Girdler, R  W 
Edwards, C  W  - Collected early Mesozoic marine fossils from the central portion of Alexander Island 
Fabiano, E  B  - Observed grid values of total magnetic intensity, along with the help of former geophysicist Peddie, N  W 
Pankhurst, R  J  - Studied the geochronology of Graham Land, Antarctica 
Peddie, N  W  - Former geophysicist of BAS 
Renner R  G  B  - Former member of BAS and accepted the aeromagnetic survey to commence, chief of the 1975 survey 
Smellie, J  L  - A complete arc-trench system recognized in Gondwana sequences of the Antarctic Peninsula region 
Streckeisen, A  - Gave to each plutonic body its proper name 
Suarez, M  - Credited for having charted a Plate-tectonic model for the southern portion of the Antarctic Peninsula (Palmer Land) and its relation to the southern Andes Mountain Range 
Passage 9:
Beryslav Raion
Beryslav Raion (Ukrainian: Бериславський район, romanized: Beryslavs'kyi raion) is one of the five administrative raions (a district) of Kherson Oblast in southern Ukraine  Its administrative center is located in the city of Beryslav  Its population was 55,976 as of the 2001 Ukrainian Census  Current population: 94,103 (2022 est ) The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was 45,931 (2020 est )  However, on 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Kherson Oblast was reduced to five, and the area of Beryslav Raion was significantly expanded  Three raions (Novovorontsovka, Velyka Oleksandrivka, and Vysokopillia Raions) were abolished and their territories were merged into an enlarged Beryslav Raion 

Subdivisions
Current
After the reform in July 2020, the raion consisted of 11 hromadas:
Beryslav urban hromada with the administration in the city of Beryslav, retained from Beryslav Raion;
Borozenske rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Borozenske, transferred from Velyka Oleksandrivka Raion;
Kalynivske settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Kalynivske, transferred from Velyka Oleksandrivka Raion;
Kochubeivka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Kochubeivka, transferred from Vysokopillia Raion;
Mylove rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Mylove, retained from Beryslav Raion;
Novooleksandrivka rural hromada with the administration in the selo of Novooleksandrivka, transferred from Novovorontsovka Raion;
Novoraisk rural hromada with the administration in the settlement of Novoraisk, retained from Beryslav Raion;
Novovorontsovka settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Novovorontsovka, transferred from Novovorontsovka Raion;
Tiahynka rural hromada with the administration in the settlement of Tiahynka, retained from Beryslav Raion;
Velyka Oleksandrivka settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Velyka Oleksandrivka, transferred from Velyka Oleksandrivka Raion 
Vysokopillia settlement hromada with the administration in the urban-type settlement of Vysokopillia, transferred from Vysokopillia Raion;

Before 2020
Before the 2020 reform, the raion consisted of four hromadas:
Beryslav urban hromada with the administration in Beryslav;
Mylove rural hromada with the administration in Mylove;
Novoraisk rural hromada with the administration in Novoraisk;
Tiahynka rural hromada with the administration in Tiahynka Beryslav Raion was divided in a way that followed the general administrative scheme in Ukraine  Local government was also organized along a similar scheme nationwide  Consequently, raions were subdivided into councils, which were the prime level of administrative division in the country 
Each of the raion's urban localities administered their own councils, often containing a few other villages within its jurisdiction  However, only a handful of rural localities were organized into councils, which also might contain a few villages within its jurisdiction 
Accordingly, Beryslav Raion was divided into:
1 city council—made up of the city of Beryslav (administrative center)
1 settlement council—made up of the urban-type settlement of Kozatske
29 village councilsOverall, the raion had a total of 43 populated localities, consisting of one city, one urban-type settlement, 34 villages, and seven rural settlements 

Geography
Beryslav Raion is located in the central part of Kherson Oblast on the right-bank of the Dnieper River and the Kakhovka Reservoir  Geographically, it lies in the lowland immediately before the Black Sea 

History
Beryslav Raion was first established on March 7, 1923 as part of a full-scale administrative reorganization of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic  During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, almost the whole of Beryslav Raion was initially occupied by Russian forces, apart from a few villages in the north of the Raion  However, by late October 2022 the majority of the rural districts had been re-taken by Ukrainian forces, although the city of Beryslav remained in Russian hands as at 29 October  The rest of the raion was retaken on 10 November 2022, when the Russian troops withdrew from the right bank of the Dnieper 

See also
Vysoke, Kherson Oblast
Passage 10:
Kiri Territory
Kiri Territory is an administrative region of Mai-Ndombe Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo  The headquarters is the town of Kiri 

Location
Kiri territory has sandy clay soils, supporting food crops that include cassava, maize, banana, peanut, yams, sweet potatoes, sugarcane, rice, beans, vegetables, robusta coffee, cocoa and palm 
Most of the land is covered with rain forest 
The southern boundary is defined by the Lokoro River, which flows from the southeast, entering Lake Mai-Ndombe at the westernmost point of the territory  
Kiri Territory is divided into the Beronge, Lutoy and Pendjwa sectors 

Economy
The Kiri General Hospital was rehabilitated in 1983, and a farmers cooperative was established in 1995 
As of 1997 Kiri Territory had a population of 121,604 within an area of 12,070 square kilometres (4,660 sq mi), or about 11 people per square kilometer  Trade was mostly with Kinshasa via the neighboring territory of Inongo to the west, handled by a cartel of traders who controlled prices  
Local products such as manioc or fish were exchanged for manufactured goods such as hammocks or machetes As of 2004 the territory lacked electricity and drinking water supplies, and had no telephone, radio or television service 
It does have an airport (Basango Mboliasa Airport) in good condition that is used for occasional unscheduled flights 
Passage 11:
Southern California Edison
Southern California Edison (or SCE Corp), the largest subsidiary of Edison International, is the primary electricity utility for much of Southern California  It provides 15 million people with electricity across a service territory of approximately 50,000 square miles  However, the Los Angeles Department of Water and Power, San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E), Imperial Irrigation District, and some smaller municipal utilities serve substantial portions of the southern California territory  The northern part of the state is generally served by the Pacific Gas & Electric Company of San Francisco  Other investor-owned utilities (IOUs) in California include SDG&E, PacifiCorp, Bear Valley Electric, and Liberty Utilities 

Southern California Edison (SCE) still owns all of its electrical transmission facilities and equipment, but the deregulation of California's electricity market in the late 1990s forced the company to sell many of its power plants, though some were probably sold by choice  In California, SCE retained only its hydroelectric plants, totaling about 1,200 MW, and its 75% share of the 2,150-MW San Onofre Nuclear Generating Station, which has been shut down since January 2012; in June 2013 the company announced its intention to permanently close and decommission the nuclear plant  The utility lost all of its natural gas-fired plants, which provided most of its electrical generation  The large, aging plants were bought by out-of-state companies such as Mirant and Reliant Energy, which allegedly used them to manipulate the California energy market Southern California Edison's power grid is linked to PG&E's by the Path 26 wires that generally follow Interstate 5 over Tejon Pass  The interconnection takes place at a large substation at Buttonwillow  PG&E's and WAPA's Path 15 and Path 66, respectively, from Buttonwillow north eventually connect to BPA's grid in the Pacific Northwest  There are several other interconnections with local and out-of-state utilities, such as Path 46 
In addition, SCE operates a regulated gas and water utility  SCE is the sole commercial provider of natural gas and fresh water service to Santa Catalina Island, including the city of Avalon, California  SCE operates the utilities under the names of Catalina Island Gas Company and Catalina Island Water Company 

History
The origins of the company lie with the grand scheme of business magnate Henry E  Huntington and hydraulic engineer John S  Eastwood, developed around 1908, for a vast complex of reservoirs to be constructed in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of central California   Huntington founded Pacific Light and Power, one of the roughly two dozen companies he controlled at the time, to execute what would eventually become one of the largest hydropower systems in the United States, the Big Creek Hydroelectric Project   Pacific Light and Power was one of the predecessor companies to SCE, along with Edison Electric, Mt  Whitney Power & Electric Co , California Electric Power Co , Southern California Power Co , and others 

Settlement for blackout
Southern California Edison agreed to pay a $650,000 settlement for the 2011 blackout with FERC and NERC 

Shooting
On December 16, 2011, a shooting occurred when an employee of Southern California Edison opened fire at an office building in Irwindale  The employee killed two co-workers and seriously wounded two others before committing suicide 

COVID-19 pandemic
In March 2020, during the COVID-19 pandemic, 8,000 of the 13,000 employees were shifted to remote work  The US Department of Homeland Security has named utilities like SCE part of the 16 sectors designated “critical infrastructure sectors  The group of remote workers was set up so the company can operate if it faces workforce disruptions or shortages if employees become stricken or quarantined because of COVID-19 
The company also ceased power disconnections for non-payment 

Renewable energy
Southern California Edison allows its customer to obtain their electricity entirely from renewable sources by subscribing to a "green rate" In 2006, Southern California Edison planned to secure 1,500 megawatts or more of power generated from new projects to be built in the Tehachapi Pass Wind Farm area  The contract, which more than doubles SCE's wind energy portfolio, envisions more than 50 square miles (130 km2) of wind parks in the Tehachapi region, which is triple the size of any existing U S  wind farm In March 2008, Southern California Edison announced a $875 million project to build a network of 250 megawatts of photovoltaic solar power generation, making it the biggest solar cell project in the nation  The photovoltaic cells will cover 65,000,000 square feet (6,000,000 m2) of rooftops in southern California and will generate enough power to serve 162,000 homes In 2009, Southern California Edison entered into a contract with Solar Millennium to purchase solar thermal power up to 726 MW  Southern California Edison also entered into a contract with Stirling Energy Systems to buy electricity from a 500 megawatt, 4,600 acre (19 km2), solar power plant which was due to open in 2009  The purchase was canceled in late 2010, as changes in technology reduced the cost of photovoltaic-based solar power to below that of solar Stirling generated power  This would have been the first commercial application of the dish stirling system  A different technology from the more familiar solar panel, the dish concentrates solar energy by the use of reflective surfaces and by the use of the Stirling heat engine to convert the heat into electricity 
In 2014, Southern California Edison installed the Tehachapi Energy Storage Project, which is composed of more than 600,000 lithium-ion battery cells at Monolith Substation in Tehachapi, California in order to test storing power generated from an area that currently has 5,000 wind turbines In 2014 SCE had a renewables mix of 23%  By 2016, 28 2% of SCE's power sources were renewable 

Natural gas and energy storage
In 2017, the company opened two new hybrid electric gas turbine (EGT) units called peaker plants, that combine gas turbines and storage batteries at the same site  Each plant delivers around 50-megawatts; the batteries can provide 10-megawatts and four megawatt-hours of power  Both the turbines and the batteries are designed and manufactured by General Electric’s Power Division The plant runs the battery first in a series of short bursts, saving gas usage for longer power demand  The combination of a 30-minute duration battery improves the environmental impact of the gas turbine   The SCE setup (the first of its kind) cut greenhouse gas emissions by 60%, reduced annual water usage by 2 million gallons and lowered the number of gas starts by 50% 

Electric vehicles
Southern California Edison has a number of resources and a rate designed specifically for electric vehicle users As of July 2018, Southern California Edison plans to add thousands of new charging stations for passenger electric vehicles (EV)  This addition is a component of the company's "Charge Ready" program, a pilot program with the aim of increasing the availability of charging ports for EVs  Since 2016, Southern California Edison has installed 1,000 charging stations throughout their Southern and Central California service area The company also runs a rebate program for electric vehicle purchases  Southern California Edison gives people in its service area who purchase a new or used, or lease, an electric vehicle a $450 rebate  The program will run until 2020 

Energy research and policy
Southern California Edison has a long history of research in the energy arena  Often this includes working with other companies and government entities  One example is the SOLARII feasibility generator, which was a solar-powered energy plant that could produce electricity 24 hours a day  This was done by heating molten salts that would hold the heat during the day and would be used to generate power at night Dr  John Jurewitz served as Director of Regulatory Policy for Southern California Edison for 15 years until his retirement in July 2007  His major areas of research are in oil, gas, and electricity policy and greenhouse gas regulation  He has testified and participated in government-sponsored proceedings addressing electric industry restructuring and energy policy at the state, federal, and international levels In November, 2014, SCE announced a partnership with Ice Energy to provide more efficient energy storage by freezing water at night when electricity is cheaper  (Ice Energy filed for Chapter 7 bankruptcy in December 2019 )

Labor practice controversy
In April 2015, Southern California Edison laid off about 400 IT employees, with an additional 100 IT workers leaving voluntarily  Meanwhile, the utility company hired  immigrants from India through Infosys, based in Bangalore, and Tata Consultancy Services in Mumbai, which are among the largest users of H-1B visas  About 70% of the work to be done by Tata and Infosys will be completed offshore, according to SCE  The company claimed it had to lay off US-based employees to stay competitive  The layoffs were questioned by members of the United States Senate  SCE was subsequently investigated by the US Department of Labor for potential H1-B visa abuse  In October, Department of Labor concluded Infosys did not abuse the H1-B program in the dealings with SCE, while Tata's case remained open 

See also
Energy use in California
Solar power plants in the Mojave Desert
Wind power in California
List of articles associated with nuclear issues in California
Passage 12:
Dunbar Hospital
The Dunbar Hospital was the first hospital for the black community in Detroit, Michigan  It is located at 580 Frederick Street, and is currently the administrative headquarters of the Detroit Medical Society  It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1979 

Building construction and description
The building housing the Dunbar Hospital was built in 1892 by the Guy W  Vinton Company as a home for real estate developer Charles W  Warren  The home was constructed in a fashionable 19th century residential district The structure is a three-story home of mixed Romanesque Revival and Queen Anne style, built of red brick and rough-cut ashlar  The entrance is through a recessed, arched first-floor porch and the second story has a double-arch brick balcony  The roof is slate, with a bay-windowed gabled dormer surmounting the front façade 

Founding of the Dunbar Hospital
In 1894, Dr  James W  Ames, a graduate of both Straight University and Howard University, arrived in Detroit after a stint of teaching in New Orleans  He quickly became influential in both Detroit's white community and its then-small black community  Detroit's mayor at the time was Hazen Pingree  During his subsequent re-election campaign, Pingree actively courted the black vote, in part by supporting Ames's bid for election to the Michigan state legislature The nationally famous black poet Paul Laurence Dunbar, popular in both the black and white community, visited Detroit and lent his voice to those supporting Pingree, penning the poem, "Vote for Pingree and Vote for Bread " Both Ames and Pingree won their respective elections, and Ames spent the next two years in the legislature  He was the last black elected until the 1920s Two decades later, in the years following World War I, the black population of Detroit soared  In 1910, fewer than 6000 blacks called the city home; in 1917 more than 30,000 blacks lived in Detroit  The increase in black residents led to a crisis in health care  Hospitals were still segregated, and physicians like Ames were required to ask permission to admit black patients  Often black patients were simply denied care  The increase in the black population threatened to overwhelm the city's 30 black doctors In 1918, Ames led the group of 30 black physicians to form the Allied Medical Society  The area around Frederick street was at the cusp of becoming the center of social and cultural life for Detroit's black community, and the AMS purchased the Warren home on Frederick They opened their own non-profit hospital in the building, the first in the city to serve the black community, as well as an associated nursing school  The hospital was named for the poet Dunbar, who had died in 1906  The hospital had 27 beds and an operating room 

Later history
In 1928, demand led Dunbar Hospital to move from its first home to a larger facility several blocks to the east  The facility was renamed Parkside Hospital, and continued in operation until 1962  Soon after Dunbar moved from its home on Frederick, Charles Diggs Sr , who was later the first African-American Democratic state senator, purchased the home  Diggs's son, Charles C  Diggs Jr , served in the Michigan State Senate from 1951 to 1954 and the U S  House of Representatives from 1954 to 1980  In 1978, the Detroit Medical Society (the successor to the Allied Medical Society) purchased and restored the building  It now serves as their administrative headquarters and a museum 
Passage 13:
Campora
Campora is a town and comune in the province of Salerno, Campania (southern Italy)  It is located in the territory of Cilento and as of 2009 its population was 810 

History
Geography
The village is located in a hilly area in the middle of Cilento, close to Stio and to the area of Pruno, not far from the town of Vallo della Lucania  It borders with the municipalities of Cannalonga, Gioi, Laurino, Moio della Civitella, Novi Velia and Stio 

See also
Pruno Cilento
Cilentan language
Cilento and Vallo di Diano National Park
Passage 14:
Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative
The Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative (SMECO) is an electric distribution cooperative which is headquartered in Hughesville, Maryland, United States  SMECO serves approximately 161,000 customers in Calvert, Charles, Prince George's, and St  Mary's counties of southern Maryland  Under its rules as a nonprofit cooperative, SMECO passes on its costs to its customer-members without markup or profit 

History
In 1937 two committees of citizens from three counties which were seeking aid to construct a local rural electric distribution system under the New Deal's Rural Electrictrification Administration formed the Southern Maryland Tri-County Electric Cooperative Association  This was reorganized as a cooperative under the SMECO name in 1942  Customers were allowed to select suppliers of electricity beginning in 2001 under the Maryland Electric Deregulation legislation enacted in 1999  From 2007 to 2011, SMECO has won the J D  Power and Associates award for best customer service for a midsize utility SMECO owned a 77 MW gas turbine generator located at the Chalk Point Generating Station which began operation in 1990 and was operated and maintained by NRG Energy  In 2015 NRG acquired the turbine plant from SMECO 

FERC solar complaint
SMECO has filed a complaint with the US Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), alleging that the Maryland Public Service Commission (PSC) coerced utilities into purchasing excess solar power generated by the state's community solar program at much higher retail rates rather than paying the amount it would have cost these utilities to create the power themselves, also known as the avoided cost  This would be in violation with the federal Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act (PURPA), which establishes that any payment given to such qualifying power plants equate the utility's avoided cost  In addition, PURPA mandates that these plants do not exceed 80 MW of power Recently, the development of community solar programs has become increasingly prevalent in order to meet the ever-growing demand for new, viable energy sources; however, there has been much controversy regarding the surge in net metering consumers due to the resulting cost shifts which negatively affect the non-solar community now facing much higher payments to even out the increased benefits given to solar projects Because of the continual reduction in the cost of power, FERC has become more concerned with the discrepancy between avoided costs and wholesale prices, which continue to prevail  This has placed more focus on PURPA's roles and responsibilities in the maintenance and balance of the current energy market 
Passage 15:
Poum
Poum  is a commune in the North Province of New Caledonia, an overseas territory of France in the Pacific Ocean  The small town of Poum (Latitude: 20° 13' 59 south, longitude: 164° 1' 23 east) is located in the far northwest, located on the southern part of Banare Bay, with Mouac Island just offshore  Aside from French, the native language of the Kanak inhabitants is nêlêmwa-nixumwak, an Austronesian language spoken by about 1,100 people  British fishermen came to the islands in 1855 seeking sea cucumbers, and settled and intermarried, and this is reflected in the last names of some clan members and on gravestones (e g  Williams, Winchester)  In the 1850s, a hundred Europeans lived on Mouac Island and John Henry Williams established a presence on Néba island 

Geography
The Poum massif south of Poum and Titch rises to 414 m and is rich in nickel  Other minerals like cobalt have been mined out  The hills around Poum are bare of trees and distinctively rose and red-tinged  Seasonal water shortages and bush fires are common 

Economy
There is one boarding middle school near Poum village  The Kanak population pursue diverse subsistence activities, sometimes combined with paid work  There is one service station and store, opened in the 2010s  Tourists can stay at a western style hotel complex, the Malabou Beach hotel on Nehoue Bay, which is owned by the Northern Province corporation, Grands Hôtels - it has 35 employees  There are also two tourist cottages (Golone and Poingam),  a campsite (Pagop) and home stays are also possible Fishing is still pursued mainly by the islanders, especially from Tiabet, although commercial fish sales are affected by the long distances to market in Nouméa and accreditation systems  Agriculture is practised, and there is some European-owned cattle ranching 
The Poum nickel mine was not heavily exploited fully for many years following its acquisition by SLN after the Accords de Bercy in the 1990s, and had about thirty employees in 2014  In 2015, plans to increase production to 100,000 tonnes of ore per year from 'Spur A' of the mine, with 2 5% nickel content, were announced  In 2019, a further announcement of increased production was made  The mine has been accused by the inhabitants of Titch, west of Poum centre, of creating water pollution problems 
Passage 16:
Menteng, Menteng
Menteng is an administrative village in the Menteng district of Indonesia  It has a postal code of 10310  It is located on the southern area of the Menteng Project 

See also
List of administrative villages of Jakarta
Passage 17:
Elk Ridge (Maryland)
Elk Ridge, or Elk Mountain, is a mountain ridge of the Blue Ridge Mountains in Maryland and is the westernmost of four parallel ridges   It forms the western side of a narrow valley in which are situated the towns of Yarrowsburg and Brownsville   South Mountain is on the eastern side of this valley running roughly parallel to it   The ridge runs from Rohrersville, in the north, to the Potomac River across from Harpers Ferry, West Virginia, in the south   Across the Potomac the ridge continues as Blue Ridge Mountain in Virginia and West Virginia   To the west of Elk Mountain is the broader Cumberland Valley, in which lie the towns of Hagerstown and Chambersburg, and the Potomac River   The southern end of the ridge, which is part of Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, is known as Maryland Heights 

History
In the early 19th century, Elk Ridge was the site of numerous charcoal hearths, which produced charcoal for nearby iron furnaces from wood harvested on the mountain   More than 50 hearths were constructed between 1810 and 1840 
The Maryland Heights portion of Elk Ridge was the scene of much activity during the American Civil War   Artillery emplacements and fortifications were first erected on the mountain by Union forces in 1862, during Stonewall Jackson's Valley Campaign   Later that year, during the Battle of Harpers Ferry, the union fortifications on the mountain were attacked by units under General Lafayette McLaws, who subsequently took control of the ridge and used it to deliver devastating artillery fire against the Union garrison at Harpers Ferry   After the battle Confederate forces abandoned the ridge to rejoin the Army of Northern Virginia at Antietam and the Union army quickly reoccupied the heights 
Following the Battle of Antietam, Abraham Lincoln came to Maryland to review the army, including the garrisons on the mountain   He began the ascent, but because of the steepness of the slope, turned around halfway up, concluding any man who could make the climb would pass his muster   In June 1863 Union forces again took control of the ridge and enlarged the fortifications in response to the Confederate invasion of Maryland during the Gettysburg Campaign 
The "Pinnacle Lot" of the Maryland Heights was purchased by the Maryland Park System from the grandchildren of the last private owner, Judge Patrick Chapman Savin (1820-1889) of Harper's Ferry, MD; the lot was in turn gifted by the State of Maryland to the National Park Service in the 1950s   Judge Patrick and his brother, John Chapman Savin, and a future son-in-law, John Marion Marsteller (1841-1898) were among those who participated in the capture of John Brown and his men   It was during this time that the side of the cliff overlooking Harper's Ferry was leased for advertising seen by the passengers of trains as they entered and exited the tunnel under the Maryland Heights 

Recreation
A trail system, maintained by the National Park Service, ascends Maryland Heights and tours the Civil War-era fortifications and provides access to the cliffs on the mountain which contain views of Harpers Ferry and the Potomac Water Gap   An unmaintained trail leads along the ridge of Park Service land onto private property to Buggy Rocks and views east of Pleasant Valley   Mountain climbing is permitted by the National Park Service along the Maryland Heights cliffs 

Bibliography
Whitman, T  Stephen, Antietam 1862: Gateway to Emancipation, ABC-CLIO, 2012 ISBN 0313397341 

External links
NPS Maryland Heights Brochure
Passage 18:
Pangi Territory
Pangi Territory is an administrative area in Maniema Province of the Democratic Republic of the Congo  The  headquarters is the town of Pangi 
The Elila River flows through Pangi territory, entering the Lualaba River to the west 
The territory is divided into the Babene chiefdom and the Beia, Ikama, Wakabango and Wasongola sectors 
Most of the territory is inhabited by the Lega people, as are the adjoining Mwenga and Shabunda territories 
As of 1972 there were still a few Pygmies living among the Baziri tribe of Lega people 
Before independence the territory had 97,380 inhabitants of whom 35,518 were in urban and mining agglomerations 
Passage 19:
WaterColor, Florida
WaterColor is an unincorporated master-planned community located in Walton County, Florida, United States, between Grayton Beach and Seaside  This 499-acre (2 02 km2) Southern resort and residential community was planned by Cooper, Robertson & Partners with Urban Design Associates, in collaboration with Nelson Byrd Woltz Landscape Architects, under the direction of The St  Joe Company  The St  Joe Company has owned the land since 1927 
WaterColor homes are based on the vernacular architecture of Southern wood homes with features that include large wraparound or screened porches, wood columns and siding and a metal roof with deep overhangs  Community amenities include a swimming pool, fitness center, tennis courts, parks and gardens, shopping and restaurants  Camp Creek Golf Club is available to homeowners for an annual fee 
The WaterColor Inn is a 60-room beachfront resort designed by David Rockwell   In 2006 it was rated the #1 Family Friendly Resort in North America by Travel + Leisure magazine   It is the only four diamond hotel in Northwest Florida   The Inn and Vacation Rentals are managed by Troon Golf and St  Joe Clubs and Resorts as of January 2014 

See also
Celebration, Florida
Prospect New Town
Rosemary Beach, Florida
Seaside, Florida
Tradition, Florida
Passage 20:
Khong Island
Khong Island or Don Khong (Lao: ດອນໂຂງ) is the largest island and the seat of administration in the Si Phan Don riverine archipelago located in the Mekong River, Khong District, Champasak Province, southern Laos 
The island is 18 kilometers (11 mi) long (north-south), and 8 kilometers (5 0 mi) at its widest point  Its population is mainly concentrated in the two villages Muang Saen (west) and Muang Khong (east); the latter is the de facto capital of the island as well as the regional seat of government  There are 19 villages on the island and the main source of income comes from fishing  
The former President of Laos, Khamtai Siphandon, has a residence on the island, which is a possible explanation for the  high quality of its infrastructure, such as asphalted roads and electricity  Locals tend to travel on longtail boats 
Context 3:  Naturally, Hannibal secures his roles playing his own agent; somehow always 'eluding' the Producer of his true identity 

Romantic relationships
Dr  Maggie Sullivan (season 1 episode 6 "Black Day at Bad Rock") – In an uncharacteristic moment in the series, it is Hannibal who is capable of seducing the episode's leading female role, rather than Face  The character of Maggie Sullivan returns in season 2, episode 21 "Deadly Maneuvers", where Hannibal and the doctor still seem to care for one another 
Anne Sanders (season 3 episode 4 "Fire!") - The A-Team is hired by a female firefighter played by Stepfanie Kramer who is capable of challenging Hannibal  The sexual tension between the two rises throughout the episode  Hannibal seemingly gives in to a short fling with the woman, and they share a kiss at the end of the episode  She is not seen in any subsequent episodes 

Recurring aliases
"Mr  Lee" – The owner of a Chinese laundromat, who often makes use of clichéd Chinese proverbs and is of unpredictable mood  Mr  Lee only appears on-screen in the pilot episode "Mexican Slayride: Part 1" (although a shot of Hannibal in character as Mr  Lee is used as part of the first season opening credits sequence)  However, the alias of Mr  Lee is often referred to throughout the series by clients and by the team itself, though these examples tended to fade out after the first two seasons  Typically "Mr  Lee" is the first one to screen potential clients and then refers them to a second location to meet a second liaison on behalf of the team 

Awards and decorations
"A Nice Place to Visit"
The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Lieutenant Colonel Smith in "A Nice Place to Visit" 

"Members Only"
The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Colonel Smith in "Members Only" 

"Trial by Fire" and "Firing Line"
The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Colonel Smith in "Trial by Fire" and "Firing Line" 

2010 film
In the 2010 movie adaptation, Hannibal is portrayed by Liam Neeson  Identified as "John H  Smith" on a toe tag, Hannibal is portrayed as a character who, though still tactically brilliant and capable of making a plan come together, is not quite as unflappable as his television counterpart  In fact, due to the betrayal nature of the storyline (concerning the "crime they did not commit"), Hannibal is often shown as angry and intense  The team's conviction by military court visibly affects him, though his penchant for wisecracks is still prevalent (for the television character, more than a decade had passed since the conviction so such reactions were never shown in the show) 
Except at an airport when the A-Team is flying from Norway to Los Angeles (in which Hannibal's disguise is Neeson's real-life appearance), the character does not don any disguises in the film, instead leaving that arm of business to Face  The cigar smoking was also kept intact; despite Neeson being an ex-smoker, he kept his personal preferences aside for the role  Hannibal shows considerable leadership abilities, attempting to take the A-Team's full blame for their alleged crime, and breaking them out of prison when they reject it; however, he steps back and lets Face plan the final mission, a decision B  A  regrets 
In the film, Hannibal is a full colonel, has served in both the Army's 75th Ranger Regiment and the 7th Special Forces Group, in which he and his team are still members until their court martial, and has served a total of two and a half years in overseas combat zones  Unlike the TV series, Hannibal is not a Medal of Honor recipient  Like B A , Face, and Murdock, he has an Army Ranger tattoo (on his left arm) 

Awards and decorations
The following are the medals and service awards fictionally worn by Colonel Smith in the 2010 movie adaptation 
Passage 6:
University of Kansas
The University of Kansas (KU) is a public research university with its main campus in Lawrence, Kansas  Two branch campuses are in the Kansas City metropolitan area on the Kansas side: the university's medical school and hospital in Kansas City, Kansas, the Edwards Campus in Overland Park  There are also educational and research sites in Garden City, Hays, Leavenworth, Parsons, and Topeka, an agricultural education center in rural north Douglas County, and branches of the medical school in Salina and Wichita  The university is a member of the Association of American Universities and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity" Founded March 21, 1865, the university was opened in 1866 under a charter granted by the Kansas State Legislature in 1864 and legislation passed in 1863 under the state constitution, which was adopted two years after the 1861 admission of the former Kansas Territory as the 34th state into the Union Enrollment at the Lawrence and Edwards campuses was 23,958 students in fall 2021; an additional 3,727 students were enrolled at the KU Medical Center (KUMC) for an enrollment of 27,685  students across the three campuses  The university overall (including KUMC) employed 4,776 faculty members (faculty, faculty administrators, graduate student employees and librarians) in fall 2021 Kansas's athletic teams compete in NCAA Division I sports as the Jayhawks, as members of the Big 12 Conference  They field 16 varsity sports, as well as club-level sports for ice hockey, rugby, and men's volleyball 

History
On February 20, 1863, Kansas Governor Thomas Carney signed into law a bill creating the state university in Lawrence  The law was conditioned upon a gift from Lawrence of a $15,000 endowment fund and a site for the university, in or near the town, of not less than forty acres (16 hectares) of land  If Lawrence failed to meet these conditions, Emporia instead of Lawrence would get the university 
The site selected for the university was a hill known as Hogback Ridge (later known as Mount Oread), which was privately donated by Charles L  Robinson, the Republican governor of the state of Kansas from 1861 to 1863, and one of the original settlers of Lawrence, Kansas  Robinson and his wife Sara bestowed the 40-acre (16 ha) site to the State of Kansas in exchange for land elsewhere  The philanthropist Amos Adams Lawrence donated $10,000 of the necessary endowment fund, and the citizens of Lawrence raised the remaining money themselves via private donations  On November 2, 1863, Governor Carney announced Lawrence had met the conditions to get into the state university, and the following year the university was officially organized 
The school's Board of Regents held its first meeting in March 1865, which is the event that KU dates its founding from  Work on the first college building began later that year  The school opened for classes on September 12, 1866, and the first class graduated in 1873  According to William L  Burdick, the first degree awarded by the university was a Doctor of Divinity, bestowed upon noted abolitionist preacher Richard Cordley During World War II, Kansas was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program, which offered students a path to a Navy commission 

Landmarks and structures
KU is home to the Robert J  Dole Institute of Politics, the Beach Center on Disability, Lied Center of Kansas and radio stations KJHK, 90 7 FM, and KANU, 91 5 FM  The university is also host to several significant museums  These include the University of Kansas Natural History Museum, founded in 1927, which contains important collections in ornithology, vertebrate paleontology, and entomology; and the Spencer Museum of Art, founded in 1928, home to a wide variety of cultural materials from all around the world, with a particular emphasis on American Indian materials  The libraries of the university include Watson Library, Kenneth Spencer Research Library, the Murphy Art and Architecture Library, Thomas Gorton Music & Dance Library, and Anschutz Library  Of athletic note, the university is home to Allen Fieldhouse, which is heralded as one of the greatest basketball arenas in the world, and David Booth Kansas Memorial Stadium, which is the eighth oldest college football stadium in the country 

Academics
The University of Kansas is a large, state-sponsored university with five campuses  KU is a member of the Association of American Universities (AAU) and is classified among "R1: Doctoral Universities – Very high research activity"  KU features the College of Liberal Arts & Sciences, which includes the School of the Arts and the School of Public Affairs & Administration; and the schools of Architecture, Design & Planning; Business; Education; Engineering; Health Professions; Journalism & Mass Communications; Law; Medicine; Music; Nursing; Pharmacy; and Social Welfare  The university offers more than 345 degree programs  In 2017 Johnson County accounted for most of instate enrollment In its 2022 report, U S  News & World Report ranked KU as tied for 121st place among National Universities and tied for 56th place among public universities According to the National Science Foundation, KU spent $339 million on research and development in 2018, ranking it 74th in the nation 

School of Architecture and Design
The University of Kansas School of Architecture and Design (ArcD), with its main building being Marvin Hall, traces its architectural roots to the creation of the architectural engineering degree program in KU's School of Engineering in 1912  The Bachelor of Architecture degree was added in 1920  In 1969 the School of Architecture and Urban Design (SAUD) was formed with three programs: architecture, architectural engineering, and urban planning  In 2001 architectural engineering merged with civil and environmental engineering  The design programs from the discontinued School of Fine Arts were merged into the school in 2009 forming the School of Architecture and Design  
The Department of Design began in 1921 with courses in Poster Design, Textiles, Metalwork, Bookbinding, Ceramics, and Weaving  The Bachelor of Fine Arts degree program began in 1929 with programs in Design, Public School Art, and Drawing & Painting and required 120 credit hours  Industrial Design was added in 1941, interior design in 1946, jewelry and silversmithing, art history, and the Masters of Fine Arts program in 1948  
In 2009, the University reorganized the School of Fine Arts  The professional design practice programs (Illustration & Animation, Industrial Design, Photography, and Visual Communication Design) became the Department of Design, administratively located in the School of Architecture and Design 

School of Business
The University of Kansas School of Business is a public business school on the main campus of the University of Kansas in Lawrence, Kansas  The KU School of Business was founded in 1924 and has more than 80 faculty members and approximately 1500 students Named one of the best business schools in the Midwest by Princeton Review, the KU School of Business has been continually accredited by the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) for its undergraduate and graduate programs in business and accounting 

For 2021, U S  News & World Report ranked KU's business school 68th out of 477 evaluated In 2016, The University of Kansas completed construction on a new home for the business school, named Capitol Federal Hall  It is located at 1654 Naismith Drive, near KU's Rec Center and across the street from Allen Fieldhouse  Capitol Federal Hall is a 166,500 square-foot building complete with state-of-the-art technology and several research labs 

School of Law
The University of Kansas School of Law, founded in 1878, was the top law school in the state of Kansas, and tied for 70th out of 198 nationally, according to the 2021 U S  News & World Report rankings  Classes are held in Green Hall at W 15th St and Burdick Dr, which is named after former dean James Green 

School of Engineering
The KU School of Engineering is a public engineering school located on the main campus  The School of Engineering was founded officially in 1891, although engineering degrees were awarded as early as 1873 In the U S  News & World Report's "America’s Best Colleges" 2021 issue, KU's School of Engineering was ranked tied for 102nd among 218 engineering schools whose highest degree is a doctorate Notable alumni include: Charles E  Spahr (1934), the former CEO of Standard Oil of Ohio 

School of Journalism and Mass Communications
The William Allen White School of Journalism and Mass Communications is recognized for its ability to prepare students to work in a variety of media  The school offers two tracts of study: 1) News and Information, and 2) Strategic Communication  This professional school teaches students reporting for print, online and broadcast, strategic campaigning for PR and advertising, photojournalism and video reporting and editing  The J-School's students maintain various publications on campus, including The University Daily Kansan, Jayplay magazine, and KUJH TV  In 2008, the Fiske Guide to Colleges praised the KU J-School for its strength  In 2010, the School of Journalism and Mass Communications placed second at the prestigious Hearst Foundation national writing competition 

Medical Center
The University of Kansas Medical Center features three schools: the School of Medicine, School of Nursing, and School of Health Professions that each has its own programs of graduate study  As of the Fall 2013 semester, there were 3,349 students enrolled at KU Med  The Medical Center also offers four-year instruction at the Wichita campus, and features a medical school campus in Salina, Kansas devoted to rural health care 
The University of Kansas Health System is co-located at the University of Kansas Medical Center 

Edwards Campus, Overland Park
KU's Edwards Campus is in Overland Park, Kansas  Established in 1993, its goal is to provide adults with the opportunity to complete undergraduate, graduate, and certificate programs  About 2,000 students attend the Edwards Campus, with an average age of 31  Programs available at the Edwards Campus include business administration, education, engineering, social work and more 

University of Kansas Leavenworth
Near the beginning of the 2018–2019 school year, KU launched classes in Leavenworth, Kansas, offering classes to "both civilian and military" students, emphasizing a "high priority in supporting military-affiliated students"  The Leavenworth classes offer both undergraduate and graduate courses 

Tuition
Beginning in the 2007–2008 academic year, first-time freshmen at KU pay a fixed tuition rate for 48 months according to the Four-Year Tuition Compact passed by the Kansas Board of Regents  For the 2014–15 academic year, tuition was $318 per credit hour for in-state freshmen and $828 for out-of-state freshmen  For transfer students, who do not take part in the compact, 2014–15 per-credit-hour tuition was $295 for in-state undergraduates and $785 for out-of-state undergraduates; subject to annual increases  Students enrolled in 6 or more credit hours also paid an annual required campus fee of $888  The schools of architecture, music, arts, business, education, engineering, journalism, law, pharmacy, and social welfare charge additional fees 
As of August 2019, the annual tuition for 30 credit hours for a resident freshman is estimated by the university to be $10,182, not counting room and board costs 

Computing innovations
KU's School of Business launched interdisciplinary management science graduate studies in operations research during Fall Semester 1965  The program provided the foundation for decision science applications supporting NASA Project Apollo Command Capsule Recovery Operations 
KU's academic computing department was an active participant in setting up the Internet and is the developer of the early Lynx text-based web browser  Lynx provided hypertext browsing and navigation prior to Tim Berners Lee's invention of HTTP and HTML 

Student activities
Athletics
The school's sports teams, wearing crimson and blue, are called the Kansas Jayhawks  They participate in the NCAA's Division I and in the Big 12 Conference  The University of Kansas has won thirteen National Championships all-time: six in men's basketball (two Helms Foundation championships and four NCAA championships, most recently in 2022), three in men's indoor track and field, three in men's outdoor track and field, one in men's cross country and one in women's outdoor track and field  The home course for KU Cross Country is Rim Rock Farm  Their most recent championship came in 2022, the men's basketball team won the 2022 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament 

Kansas football dates from 1890, and is one of the oldest continuous programs in the nation  They have played in the Orange Bowl three times: 1948, 1969, and 2008, as well as nine other bowl games  They are currently coached by Lance Leipold, who was hired in May 2021  From its inception in 1890 to 1929 the program saw consistent success, winning several conference titles in 4 different conferences  After joining the Big 6 Conference (which would eventually become the Big 8) in 1929, Kansas began to struggle in the win-loss column  With the formation of the Big 8 conference in 1960, Kansas became a consistent winner again and fielded legendary coaches like Pepper Rodgers, Don Fambrough, Bud Moore, and Glen Mason  In 2008, under the leadership of Mark Mangino, the #7 Jayhawks emerged victorious in their first BCS bowl game, the FedEx Orange Bowl, with a 24–21 victory over the #3 Virginia Tech Hokies  This capstone victory marked the end of the most successful season in school history, in which the Jayhawks went 12–1 ( 923)  The team plays at David Booth Kansas Memorial Stadium, which recently underwent an $85 million renovation to add an indoor practice facility with a 120-yard field, an outdoor practice facility with 2 full fields and three partial fields, new locker rooms, a new weight training facility, new residencies for players, new offices, new turf, new seats, and a state-of-the-art video board The KU men's basketball team has fielded a team every year since 1898  The Jayhawks are a perennial national contender, coached by Hall of Fame coach Bill Self  The team has won six national titles, including four NCAA tournament championships in 1952, 1988, 2008, and 2022  The basketball program is currently the winningest program in college basketball history with an overall record of 2,355–877 up to their Final Four appearance in the 2021–22 season  The team plays at Allen Fieldhouse  Perhaps its best-recognized player was Wilt Chamberlain, who played in the 1950s, later becoming an NBA star and Harlem Globetrotter 
Kansas has counted among its coaches James Naismith (the inventor of basketball), Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Phog Allen ("the Father of basketball coaching" and a Kansas alumnus himself), Dick Harp, Ted Owens, Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Roy Williams, and Basketball Hall of Fame inductee and former NBA Champion Detroit Pistons coach Larry Brown  Currently, Kansas is coached by Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Bill Self  In addition, legendary University of Kentucky coach and Basketball Hall of Fame inductee Adolph Rupp played for KU's 1922 and 1923 Helms National Championship teams, and NCAA Hall of Fame inductee and University of North Carolina Coach Dean Smith played for KU's 1952 NCAA Championship team  Both Rupp and Smith played under Phog Allen  Allen also coached Hall of Fame coaches Dutch Lonborg and Ralph Miller  Allen founded the National Association of Basketball Coaches (NABC), which started what is now the NCAA Tournament  The Tournament began in 1939 under the NABC and the next year was handed off to the newly formed NCAA Notable non-varsity sports include rugby, men's hockey, and men's soccer  The rugby team owns its private facility and tours internationally every two years  The men’s hockey team plays in nearby Kansas City 

Debate teams
The University of Kansas has had more teams (70) compete in the National Debate Tournament than any other university  Kansas has won the tournament 6 times (1954, 1970, 1976, 1983, 2009 and 2018) and had 15 teams make it to the final four  Kansas trails only Northwestern (15) and Harvard (7) for most tournaments won and is tied with Dartmouth (6)  Kansas also won the Copeland Award in 1981–82 and 2017–18 

Media
The university's newspaper is University Daily Kansan, which placed first in the Intercollegiate Writing Competition of the prestigious William Randolph Hearst Writing Foundation competition, often called "The Pulitzers of College Journalism" in 2007  In Winter of 2008, a group of students created KUpedia, a wiki about all things KU  They received student funding for operations in 2008–09  The KU Department of English publishes the Coal City Review, an annual literary journal of prose, poetry, reviews and illustrations  The Review typically features the work of many writers, but periodically spotlights one author, as in the case of 2006 Nelson Poetry Book Award-winner Voyeur Poems by Matthew Porubsky The University Daily Kansan operates outside of the university's William Allen White School of Journalism and reaches at least 30,000 daily readers through its print and online publicationsThe university houses the following public broadcasting stations: KJHK, a student-run campus radio station, KUJH-LP, an independent station that primarily broadcasts public affairs programs, and KANU, the NPR-affiliated radio station  Kansas Public Radio station KANU was one of the nation's first public radio stations  KJHK, the campus radio has roots back to 1952 and is completely run by students 

Center for Community Health and Development
The university's Center for Community Health and Development (formerly KU Work Group) was designated as a World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Community Health and Development in 2004  It is affiliated with the Department of Applied Behavioral Science and the Schiefelbusch Institute for Life Span Studies at the university, and supports community health and development through a variety of means, including its free online resource, the Community Tool Box 

Foundations
University of Kansas Memorial Corporation
The first union was built on campus in 1926 as a campus community center  The unions are still the "living rooms" of campus and include three locations – the Kansas Union and Burge Union at the Lawrence Campus and Jayhawk Central at the Edwards Campus  The KU Memorial Unions Corporation manages the KU Bookstore (with seven locations)  The KU Bookstore is the official bookstore of KU  The corporation also includes KU Dining Services, with more than 20 campus locations, including The Market (inside the Kansas Union) and The Underground (located in Wescoe Hall)  The KU Bookstore and KU Dining Services are not-for-profit, with proceeds supporting student programs, such as Student Union Activities 

KU Endowment
KU Endowment was established in 1891 as the university's primary institutional foundation to manage and build the university's endowment 

Notable alumni and faculty
325 Fulbright Scholars, 27 Rhodes Scholars, 10 Marshall Scholars, 2 Mitchell Scholars, 12 MacArthur Fellows, 7 Pulitzer Prize winners, 4 NASA astronauts, 3 Nobel Prize laureates, 2 Fields Medal winners, 3 Hugo Award or Nebula Award winners, and an Academy Award winner have been affiliated with the university as students, researchers, or faculty members  Additionally, one alumnus has received the Presidential Medal of Freedom  Dean Smith, who played basketball at Kansas from 1949 to 1953 and was a Hall of Fame men's basketball coach at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, was given the award by Barack Obama in 2013  Politician Bob Dole, who played football and basketball at the school but did not graduate, was also awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom 

See also
Bailey Hall (University of Kansas)
Budig Hall
Kansas Audio-Reader Network
Kansas Crew (University Rowing Club)
"Kansas Song"
"Home on the Range"
University of Kansas Marching Jayhawks

Notes
Passage 7:
Five Days from Home
Five Days from Home is a 1978 American drama film directed, produced and starring George Peppard, with Sherry Boucher, Savannah Smith, Neville Brand, Victor Campos, and Robert Donner 

Plot
T M  Pryor, a former cop, escapes from a prison in Louisiana where he is currently serving out a sentence for killing his wife's lover  Despite the fact that his parole hearing is only two weeks away Pryor is desperate to be at his son's hospital bedside  His nine-year-old son, Thomas, was injured in an automobile accident in Los Angeles and is in critical condition  Just days before Christmas, Pryor hits a prison guard, escapes and heads for the Louisiana swamps  Avoiding the tracking teams assisted by dogs, Pryor makes it to the highway where he hitches a farm truck ride to the nearest town  In town he breaks into a sporting goods store where he takes two firearms and ammo, a knife and hunting clothing leaving an IOU note in lieu of payment  Over the radio he gets the latest news and learns that someone has killed the prison guard who tried to prevent his escape from prison  It's obvious that someone is trying to pin the prison murder on him and frame him  Meanwhile, Louisiana's governor assigns Pryor's escape case to Inspector Markley, a tracking specialist  Inspector Markley decides to start the pursuit in Texas, on a hunch that Pryor might be heading that way in order to reach California  Things get even more complicated when Pryor starts carjacking people and taking hostages in his obsessive aim to reach his injured son in Los Angeles before Christmas 

Cast
Production
In November 1977 Peppard announced he wanted to direct and star in The Long Escape  "Directing is something I've wanted to do a long time," he said Peppard later said he decided to direct because "I couldn't hire anyone else as cheaply" and says the experience "somehow cleared my head of all the negative feelings I had towards acting "Peppard made the film with much of his own money  He later stated that it cost $1 million to produce  "I'm quite proud of it," he said in 1979  "I sold many assets to help make it but I don't mind  It was the best time of my life  Maybe it would have been a better film with a better script - I don't know - but I just didn't have any money to spare " He later said he disliked acting and directing at the same time Peppard said he wrote most of the script but did not take credit  "That would be too much of an ego trip "His then wife Sherry Boucher played a small role and Bocher's sister Savannah was cast as Peppard's love interest 
In December 1977 the film was sold to Universal, by which time Peppard and Boucher were separated  This was attributed to the stress of making the movie Peppard said he sold the film for $1,250,000, thus allowing him to repay his investors within nine months of the sale 

Release
The film received a regional release on April 21, 1978, opening in eight cities in Arizona, Louisiana and Mississippi before expanding into Southern and Central states before opening in Los Angeles on March 9, 1979 

Critical reception
The Los Angeles Times said the film was "calculated to warm the cockles of every heart in sight    pleasantly insignificant" 

Legacy
Bill Conti's love theme Come With Me Now was the inspiration to the theme tune to Lifestyles of the Rich and Famous, hosted by the late Robin Leach   It had also been used as one of the theme songs for local morning program AM Los Angeles on KABC-TV 
Passage 8:
Piper Kerman
Piper Eressea Kerman (born September 28, 1969) is an American author  She was indicted in 1998 on charges of felonious money-laundering activities, and sentenced to 15 months' detention in a federal correctional facility, of which she eventually served 13 months  Her memoir of her prison experiences, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison (2010), was adapted into the critically-acclaimed Netflix original comedy-drama series Orange Is the New Black (2013)  Since leaving prison, Kerman has spoken widely about women in prison and problems with the federal prison system  She now works as a communication strategist for non-profit organizations 

Early life and education
Kerman was born in Boston into a family with a number of attorneys, doctors and educators  She graduated from Swampscott High School in Swampscott, Massachusetts, in 1987, and Smith College in 1992  Kerman is a self-described WASP; however, she had a paternal grandfather who was Russian-Jewish 

Criminal career
In 1993, Kerman became romantically involved with Catherine Cleary Wolters (Nora Janson in her memoir: Laura Prepon's character Alex Vause in the series), a heroin dealer working for an alleged Nigerian kingpin  Kerman laundered money for the drug operation In 1998, Kerman was indicted for money laundering and drug trafficking and she pled guilty  Starting in 2004, she served 13 months of a 15-month sentence at FCI Danbury, a minimum security prison located in Danbury, Connecticut During her sentence, she built her website "The Pipe Bomb" to document her life behind bars 

Later career
Kerman's best-selling memoir about her experiences in prison, Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison, was published by Spiegel & Grau on April 6, 2010  A television adaptation of the same name created by Jenji Kohan, the Emmy award-winning creator of Weeds, premiered on July 11, 2013, on Netflix and aired for seven seasons  Kerman's character in the series ("Piper Chapman") is played by Taylor Schilling 
Orange is the New Black has received critical acclaim and won four Emmy Awards Kerman serves on the board of the Women's Prison Association and is frequently invited to speak to students of creative writing, criminology, gender and women's studies law, and sociology, and to groups, like the American Correctional Association's Disproportionate Minority Confinement Task Force, federal probation officers, public defenders, justice reform advocates and volunteers, book club and formerly and currently incarcerated people On February 10, 2014, Kerman received the 2014 Justice Trailblazer Award from the John Jay College of Criminal Justice Center on Media, Crime & Justice On February 25, 2014, Kerman testified at a hearing on "Reassessing Solitary Confinement" before the Senate Judiciary Subcommittee on the Constitution, Civil Rights and Human Rights chaired by Assistant Majority Leader Dick Durbin On August 4, 2015, Kerman testified at a hearing on "Oversight of the Bureau of Prisons: First-Hand Accounts of Challenges Facing the Federal Prison System" before the Senate Homeland Security and Governmental Affairs Committee chaired by Senator Ron Johnson Since 2015, Kerman has worked as a communications strategist for nonprofits Since her prison sentence, Kerman has spoken publicly many times on behalf of women in corrections and about her experience In 2019, she appeared as a guest in the last episode of Orange Is the New Black in the last scene in the Ohio prison, when Piper visited Alex  Kerman sat two seats to the left of Alex as a convict visited by her husband (in real life)  She makes a cameo appearance in the show’s opening credits as the convict who blinks 

Personal life
Kerman has said, "I'm bisexual, so I'm a part of the gay community (LGBT+)"  She came out around the age of 18, and identified herself as a lesbian during most of her youth  On May 21, 2006, Kerman married writer Larry Smith   Kerman and Smith live in Columbus, Ohio, and she teaches writing classes at the Marion Correctional Institution and the Ohio Reformatory for Women in nearby Marysville, Ohio  She does not identify with any religion  She was awarded the 'Humanist Heroine of the Year Award' from the 'Humanist Hub' group at Harvard University 

Works
Orange Is the New Black: My Year in a Women's Prison
Finding My Way Back

See also
Teresa Giudice, reality star and media personality whose prison memoir, Turning the Tables (2015), describes her 15-month incarceration from 2015 to 2016, for fraud, at the Federal Correctional Institution, Danbury, CT
Martha Stewart, celebrity who was incarcerated from 2004 to 2005, for offenses related to insider trading, at Federal Prison Camp, Alderson, WV
Passage 9:
Tanisha Smith
Tanisha Smith (born May 11, 1988) is a former professional basketball player who was drafted by the Seattle Storm in the second round of the 2011 WNBA draft  She played college basketball for Texas A&M and University of Arkansas – Fort Smith 

Texas A&M statistics
Source
Passage 10:
Joy Harmon
Patricia Joy Harmon or Joy Patricia Harmon (born May 1, 1940) is an American baker and former actress 

Early years
The daughter of Homer Harmon, Joy Patricia Harmon was born in Jackson Heights, New York, or Flushing, New York  She and her family moved to Connecticut in 1946  She was a Miss Connecticut, She tied for fourth runner-up in the 1957 competition for Miss Connecticut When she was three years old, Harmon modeled clothes in Fox Movietone News newsreels  She skipped two grades in elementary school and graduated from Staples High School in Westport, Connecticut 

Career
Harmon's stage debut came in Pajama Tops at the Klein Memorial Theatre in Bridgeport, Connecticut  She toured the United States in stock company productions, including The Marriage-Go-Round, The Solid Gold Cadillac, The Tender Trap, The Importance of Being Ernest, and Susan Slept Here  On Broadway, Harmon portrayed Betty Phillips in Make a Million (1958)  She also appeared in an off-Broadway production of Susan Slept Here (1961) Harmon was a contestant during the last season of Groucho Marx's television program You Bet Your Life (titled The Groucho Show during its last season), and later a regular on Marx's program Tell It to Groucho (credited as "Patty Harmon")  She guest-starred on several 1960s TV series, including Gidget, Batman, and The Monkees  She appeared in a cameo role as blonde Ardice in the Jack Lemmon comedy Under the Yum Yum Tree in 1963  She had a role as Tony Dow's girlfriend in the 1965–66 television soap opera Never Too Young 
Harmon's stand-out acting roles include the 30-foot-tall (9 m) Merrie in Village of the Giants (1965, in which she captures normal-sized Johnny Crawford and suspends him from her bikini top), and the car-washing Lucille in Cool Hand Luke (1967) with her purportedly 41–22–36 measurements 

Personal life
Harmon was married to film editor and producer Jeff Gourson from 1968 to 2001, raising three children  For a time, a son worked at Walt Disney Studios  She later established a bakery, Aunt Joy's Cakes, in Burbank, California 

Filmography
Passage 11:
Christine Collins (rower)
Christine Smith-Collins (born September 9, 1969 in Darien, Connecticut) is an American rower  Prior to her rowing for team USA, Collins rowed for the Trinity College women's crew team 
Passage 12:
Hannibal (Leckie novel)
Hannibal is a 1995 historical novel by Scottish writer Ross Leckie  The book relates the exploits of Hannibal's invasion of Rome beginning in 218 BC, narrated by the Carthaginian general in his retirement  It was the first of the Carthage trilogy, covering the Punic Wars  The novel received mixed reviews, mainly due to the extreme violence occasionally described in the narrative 

Synopsis
Beginning with the general's youth and a potted history of Carthage in an attempt to explain Hannibal's hatred of Rome, the bulk of the story is confined to the invasion of Italy and the epic journey Hannibal's army took to reach its goal, including the voyage across the Straits of Gibraltar with his elephants on rafts, the far from easy passage through Spain and of course, the incredible feat of taking his entire army with their elephants over the Alps  The events described are often violent and sometimes quite horrific in their cruelty both on the journey and in the fighting which took place on Italian soil as Hannibal's army sweeps through the Italian countryside seeking to out-manoeuvre his Roman opponents 

Reviews
http://www nytimes com/1996/12/29/books/torture-carnage-elephants html
Fiction Book Review: Hannibal by Ross Leckie, Author Regnery Publishing $19 95 (0p) ISBN 978-0-89526-443-5
Hannibal (The Carthage Trilogy, #1) by Ross Leckie | Goodreads



ground_truth: Charles County

Charles County, Maryland

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who is the spouse of the actor who played hannibal smith in the a team?

The following are given passages.
Context 4: As a result of the publication of a method to circumvent copy protection measures employed by Acornsoft titles, a High Court injunction against Computing Publications - publisher of Personal Computer World - was granted to Acorn Computers "requiring all copies of the January 1984 issue of PCW to be withdrawn from sale", with the article concerned being regarded as inciting readers to "duplicate computer programs"  This injunction was subsequently lifted as a consequence of an out-of-court settlement between the parties involving a damages payment of £65,000 plus costs to Acorn "to meet Acorn's expenses in developing a new locking device"  The article's author, Guy Kewney, and the magazine's editor, Jane Bird, argued that printing a software routine showing how to save Acornsoft cassette software to disk was a service to the magazine's readers  The cost of printing the magazine issue concerned was estimated at £100,000 Acornsoft became a subsidiary within Acorn Computer Group, distinct from Acorn Computers who were responsible for the development of Acorn's microcomputer systems, but Acornsoft ceased to operate as a separate company upon the departure of David Johnson-Davies in January 1986  Past this date, Acorn Computers used the Acornsoft name on office software it released in the VIEW family for the BBC Master series  In 1986 Superior Software was granted a licence to publish some Acornsoft games and re-released many, individually and as compilations such as the Play It Again Sam and Acornsoft Hits series  By agreement, the Acornsoft name was also used on the packaging of some of the subsequent Superior games  Superior chose not to take on Acornsoft's text adventure games, most of which were released in updated versions by Topologika along with some sequels from the same authors 
In 1997, Acorn sought to revive the Acornsoft brand for new software releases, such as upgrades to RISC OS, programming tools, a new Web browser, multitasking movie playback (using Acorn Replay), and Java for RISC OS  A stated objective was to demonstrate that a "wide range of innovative software at competitive prices" was available for RISC OS, with support also being potentially offered to third-party software producers  Acornsoft products themselves would be supported by marketing, including advertising, and the provision of press review samples 

Branding
Acornsoft titles extended their consistent branding to the software's loading screens 

Select titles
Acheton – A text adventure
Arcadians – A Galaxian clone
Aviator – A Spitfire flight simulator  With aliens   
Black Box & Gambit - 2 board game type games which were the winning entries of a 'design a game' competition on ITV's The Saturday Show  Black Box was a licensed version of the Waddingtons game of the same name developed by Ben Finn who would go on to co-write Sibelius  Gambit was created by the Oliver Twins and their first commercially released game
Bouncer – A Q*Bert clone
Business Games – An educational package
Carousel – A Carnival clone
Castle of Riddles – A text adventure
Countdown to Doom – A text adventure; first in a trilogy (although sequels Return to Doom and Last Days of Doom were not published by Acornsoft)
Crazy Tracer – An Amidar clone
Creative Graphics – A series of graphical demonstrations of the BBC Micro's visual capabilities, with user editable code
Drogna – Strategy game based on a section of the BBC TV game show The Adventure Game
Elite – A 3D space battle and trading game
Firebug – A platform and ladders game
Free Fall – Survival game set in an out of control space station
Gateway to Karos – A text adventure
Graphs and Charts – Graphical mathematical modelling
Hopper – A Frogger clone
JCB Digger – A scrolling 2D dig-em-up
Kingdom of Hamil – A text adventure
Labyrinth – A 2D maze based shoot-em-up
Magic Mushrooms – A platform and ladders game with built-in level editor
Meteor Mission – A Lunar Rescue clone
Meteors – An Asteroids clone
Missile Base – A Missile Command clone
Monsters – A Space Panic clone
Philosopher's Quest – A text adventure
Planetoid – A Defender clone originally released as Defender
Revs – A Formula Three racing car simulation
Rocket Raid – A Scramble clone
Snapper – A Pac-Man clone
Sphinx Adventure – A text adventure
Starship Command – A 2D space battle game
Super Invaders – A Space Invaders clone
Volcano – A game in which you rescue people from the other side of an active volcano with a helicopter

Acornsoft Games range
Including all arcade, text adventure and board games  All games were compatible with the BBC Micro Model B  Games followed by Model A & B were compatible with both machines  Games followed by Electron were also released separately for the Acorn Electron  Games are listed by their catalogue numbers which are roughly the order of release of the BBC versions 

G01 Philosopher's Quest (BBC 1982, Electron 1984)
G02 Defender (BBC 1982) deleted for legal reasons and later re-released as Planetoid
G02 Aviator (BBC 1983) released with G26-G28 but re-used the deleted Defender's number
G03 Monsters (BBC 1982, Electron 1983)
G04 Snapper (BBC 1982, Electron 1983)
G05 Rocket Raid (BBC 1982)
G06 Arcade Action (BBC Model A & B 1982) 4 games: Invaders, Breakout, Dodgems and Snake
G07 Sphinx Adventure (BBC 1982, Electron 1984)
G08 Cube Master (BBC 1982)
G09 JCB Digger (BBC 1983)
G10 Chess (BBC 1982, Electron 1983)
G11 Maze (BBC 1982, Electron 1984)
G12 Sliding-Block Puzzles (BBC 1982)
G13 Meteors (BBC 1982, Electron 1983)
G14 Arcadians (BBC 1982, Electron 1984)
G15 Planetoid (BBC 1982, Electron 1984)
G16 Super Invaders (BBC 1982)
G17 Castle of Riddles (BBC 1982, Electron 1984)
G18 Missile Base (BBC 1982)
G19 Countdown to Doom (BBC 1982, Electron ROM Cartridge 1984)
G20 Draughts & Reversi (BBC Model A & B 1983, Electron 1983)
G21 Snooker (BBC 1983, Electron 1984)
G22 Starship Command (BBC 1983, Electron 1983)
G23 Hopper (BBC 1983, Electron 1984)
G24 Carousel (BBC 1983)
G25 Kingdom of Hamil (BBC 1983)
G26 Crazy Tracer (BBC 1983, Electron 1984)
G27 Drogna (BBC 1983)
G28 Free Fall (BBC 1983, Electron 1984)
G29 Meteor Mission (BBC 1984)
G30 Gateway to Karos (BBC 1983)
G31 Boxer (BBC 1984, Electron 1984)
G32 Tetrapod (BBC 1984)
G33 Volcano (BBC 1984)
G34 Black Box & Gambit (BBC 1984)
G35 Bouncer (BBC 1984)
G36 The Seventh Star (BBC 1984)
G37 Acheton (BBC 1984)
G38 Elite (BBC 1984, Electron 1984)
G39 Firebug (BBC 1984, Electron 1984)
G40 Quondam (BBC 1984)
G41 Labyrinth (BBC 1984)
G42 Go (BBC 1984, Electron 1984)
G43 Revs (BBC 1985)
G44 Revs 4 Tracks (BBC 1985) extra tracks for the main game
G45 Elite original BBC Micro 6502 Second Processor version
G46 Magic Mushrooms (BBC 1985, Electron 1985)
G47 Elite enhanced (BBC 1986) incl  6502 Second Processor and Master 128 versionsThere are also a number of completed but unreleased games that have found their way into the public domain such as Crazy Balloon, Hellforce and Bandit that date from around 1983 

Acornsoft Education range
Acornsoft produced a wide range of educational titles aimed at many different age groups 

E01 Algebraic Manipulation (BBC Model A & B 198?)
E02 Peeko-Computer (BBC Model A & B 198?, Electron 1984)
E03 Business Games (BBC Model A & B 198?, Electron 1984) 2 games: Stokmark and Telemark
E04 Tree of Knowledge (BBC 198?, Electron 1983)
E05 Word Hunt (BBC 198?, Electron 1984)
E06 Word Sequencing (BBC Model A & B 198?, Electron 1984)
E07 Sentence Sequencing (BBC 198?, Electron 1984)
E08 Number Balance (BBC 198?, Electron 1984)
E09 Missing Signs (BBC Model A & B 198?, Electron 1984)
E?? Speed and Light (BBC 198?)
E?? Density and Circuit (BBC 198?)
E12 Chemical Analysis (BBC 198?)
E13 Chemical Simulations (BBC 198?)
E14 Chemical Structures (BBC 198?)
E15 Jars (BBC 198?)
E16 Temperature Control Simulation (BBC 1983)
E17 The Examiner (BBC 198?)
E18 Spooky Manor (BBC 198?)
E19
E20
E21
E22 Talkback (BBC 1984, Electron 1984)
E23 Workshop (BBC 1984, Electron 1984)
E24 ABC (BBC 1984)Acornsoft also published and distributed a range of educational software developed by ASK (Applied Systems Knowledge) that were widely used in schools running BBC Micros  These included Podd (find out which actions a red blobby character can perform (e g  jump, smile, dance), Squeeze (a two player strategy game of squeezing shapes onto a board) and Cranky (solve maths problems to repair a living calculator)  These titles were part of the Acornsoft catalogue but used a different code (XBE?? – all other Acornsoft titles began with S so the Education range on BBC Micro cassettes would be SBE??)  They ran on both the BBC Micro Model B and Acorn Electron 
The Ivan Berg Software range was also mainly educational but had its own distinct code (XBX??)  This included the 6 Grandmaster Quizzes (Theatre, Crime & Detection, Music, History, Science Fiction and Royal), relationship aids "  I Do" Your Guide to a Happy Marriage and The Dating Game and GCE/CSE revision guides (Mathematics, Biology and English) 
Acornsoft also distributed other ranges of educational programs developed by companies such as ICL, Good Housekeeping and Bourne but they are not considered part of the official catalogue 

Acornsoft Business range
Acornsoft produced a range of office software for home and business use 

B01 Desk Diary (BBC 198?, Electron 1984)
B02 Forecast (BBC 198?)
B03 VIEW (BBC 198?, Electron ROM cartridge 1984)
B04 VIEW Printer Drivers (BBC 198?)
B05 Personal Money Management (BBC 198?, Electron 1983)
B06 Database (BBC 1983, Electron 1984)
B07 ViewSheet (BBC 1984, Electron ROM cartridge 1984)
B08 Invoicing (BBC 1984)
B09 Mailing (BBC 1984)
B10 Accounts Receivable (BBC 1984)
B11 Stock Control (BBC 1984)
B12 Order Processing (BBC 1984)
B13 Accounts Payable (BBC 1984)
B14 Purchasing (BBC 1984)
B15 Hi-View (BBC 19??)
B26 P-System (BBC with 6502 Second Processor)The series continues but mainly with add-on products for the VIEW word processor such as ViewIndex (an automatic index generator) and ViewSpell (spell-checker) as well as newer versions 
View Professional (1987) was a combined wordprocessor, spreadsheet and database similar to PipeDream on the Z88 Although primarily a programming language suite, Acornsoft released its P-System product featuring UCSD Pascal and Fortran 77 compilers as part of its business range  Developed by TDI for Acornsoft, the product required a 6502 second processor and disc system, preferably with two drives  Despite the £299 price, various tools including an assembler and linker were omitted from the product, these being made available in a separate Advanced Development Toolkit from TDI 

Acornsoft Languages range
Acorn systems came with a version of the BBC BASIC programming language as standard but Acornsoft also produced a wide range of other languages that could be loaded in by cassette or disc or in some cases, supplied in ROM form 

L01 FORTH (BBC 1982, Electron 1983)
L02 LISP (BBC 1982, Electron 1983, Electron ROM cartridge 1984)
L03 BCPL (BBC 1983)
L04 Microtext (BBC 1983)
L05 6502 Development System (BBC 1985)
L06 Logo (BBC 1983, Electron ROM cartridge 1985)
L07 Turtle Graphics (BBC 1983, Electron 1984)
L08 S-Pascal (BBC 1983, Electron 1984)
L09 LISP Demonstrations (BBC 1984)
L10 BCPL Calculations Package (BBC 198?)
L11
L12 BCPL Stand Alone Generator (BBC 1983)
L13 FORTH – ROM version (BBC 1984)
L14 LISP – ROM version (BBC 1982)
L15
L16
L17 PROLOG Micro (BBC 1985)
L18 ISO-Pascal (BBC 1984, Electron ROM cartridge 1985)
L19 COMAL (BBC 1984) 
L20
L21
L22 BASIC Editor (BBC 1985)
L23 Termulator (BBC 1987)
L24 ISO-Pascal Stand Alone Generator (BBC 198?)The relative performance of some of Acornsoft's languages was evaluated using a benchmark based on the Takeuchi function, Tak by former Acornsoft managing director, David Johnson-Davies, noting that "it is difficult to imagine a language that performs badly on Tak being much use for anything", illustrating a diversity amongst these language implementations in terms of readability, speed and generated code size  A follow-up article expanded the comparison to other language implementations such as Oxford Pascal, Z80 versions of BBC BASIC, Turbo Pascal and Small-C 

Acornsoft Graphics range and more
The graphics range was used to demonstrate the graphical power of the Acorn computers but only three titles were made available  The X?? code was then used for other types of software 

X01 Creative Graphics (BBC 198?, Electron 1983)
X02 Graphs & Charts (BBC 198?, Electron 1983)
X03 Picture Maker (BBC 1983, Electron 1984)
X04 Shirley Conran's Magic Garden (BBC 1983)
X05 Collector's Catalogue (BBC 198?)
X06 Membership Manager (BBC 198?)
X07 One To Nine (BBC 198?)
X08 Hooked on Numbers (BBC 1983)
X09
X10 Complete Cocktail Maker (BBC 198?, Electron 1984)
X11 Paul Daniels' Magic Show (BBC 198?, Electron 1984)
X12 100 Programs for the BBC Micro (BBC 198?)
X13 Linkword French (BBC 1984)
X14 Linkword Italian (BBC 1984)
X15 Linkword Spanish (BBC 1984)
X16 Linkword German (BBC 1984)
X17 Watch Your Weight (BBC 198?, Electron 1984)
X18 Me & My Micro (Electron 1984)The range took on various themes including Creative Sound (X26) 
Passage 9:
Lessons (Star Trek: The Next Generation)
"Lessons" is the 19th episode of the sixth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation and was originally aired in the United States on April 5, 1993, in broadcast syndication 
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D  In this episode, Captain Picard's (Patrick Stewart) shared love of music with Lt  Commander Nella Daren (Wendy Hughes) leads to romance, resulting in conflicting emotions on his part  After incorrectly believing that she has died, he realizes that he is incapable of carrying out a relationship with someone under his command 
The episode was directed by Robert Wiemer, the episode was written by Ron Wilkerson and Jean Louise Matthias, with some uncredited revisions by René Echevarria  Stand-ins were used to perform the pieces by Picard and Daren, which required the use of close-up camera angles by the director  The episode was received warmly by critics reviewing it after the end of the series, who praised the performances of Hughes and Stewart 

Plot
Picard is curious when he finds that the stellar cartography department has shut down several systems on the Enterprise, and visits the section to discover what is going on  He meets the head of the department, Lt  Commander Nella Daren, who makes an impression on him  It is a meeting memorable enough to later discuss with Dr  Beverly Crusher (Gates McFadden)  At a musical recital by Lt  Commander Data (Brent Spiner), Picard is surprised to see Daren again, playing the piano  The two discuss music, and later meet in Picard's quarters and participate in a duet  Daren plays a portable piano and Picard performs on his Ressikan flute 
The two begin to meet more often; including in a Jefferies tube, which Daren claims has the best acoustics on the ship  In this private setting, their attraction for one another is expressed in a kiss  The moment of intimacy is fleeting, however  When they enter a turbolift, and are joined by another crewmember, Picard resumes the professional demeanour of Captain  The Enterprise is diverted from its mission, when it is directed to investigate a report of firestorms at a Federation outpost  While in transit, Picard consults Counsellor Troi (Marina Sirtis) about pursuing a relationship with Daren  Picard then goes to Daren to apologize and to explain   He recounts the experience  shown in the episode "The Inner Light" in which he had a wife and family, became a grandfather, grew old, and learned to play the flute   The experience imparted to Picard a deep appreciation for music, and he is pleased to have someone to share it with 
Daren speaks to Commander Riker (Jonathan Frakes) requesting a transfer for another crew member to stellar cartography  Riker says he will consider the request  Afterwards, he speaks with Picard, explaining that Picard and Daren's relationship makes the decision complicated  After determining from Riker that Daren's request is not unusual or taking advantages, Picard assures Riker that he will support any decision he makes  Later at dinner, Picard relates to Daren his talk with Riker, saying that they need to be careful about anyone else misunderstanding their relationship 
The Enterprise arrives at the Federation outpost to find that firestorms are heading toward the facility  Daren suggests a means of deflecting the storms, but the equipment requires trained personnel on the ground to operate it  Daren is assigned to the surface team, along with a number of other crewmembers  The outpost is evacuated during the dangerous mission, leaving only the Enterprise away team on surface  The firestorms overwhelm the position that Daren's team occupies before they can be retrieved  Believing Daren to be dead, Picard sits contemplating his decision in his quarters  He then hears that survivors are being transported aboard, and heads to the transporter room  Daren is not among the initial group of survivors, but is later transported to the ship  Eight members of the team have died 
Afterwards, Picard and Daren discuss their relationship  They conclude that it cannot continue, as Picard could not bear to put her in further danger  They discuss giving up their Starfleet careers to be together  Daren knows that Picard, although still cherishing the family life he experienced as Kamin, has nonetheless chosen duty, career, and loneliness  They both know that Daren must transfer off the Enterprise  They kiss once more, and Daren makes Picard promise not to give up music 

Production
Ron Wilkerson and Jean Louise Matthias received story credits for the episodes "Imaginary Friend" and "Schisms", but for each episode the writing of the teleplay from the initial story idea had been assigned to a staff writer due to time constraints  Co-executive producer Jeri Taylor then allowed the pair to write the teleplay for "Lessons", their first for Star Trek  René Echevarria did some minor uncredited re-writes to the final version of the script as staff-writer Brannon Braga wished to avoid working on "Lessons" after recently working on another love story related script for the episode "Aquiel"  Writer and producer Michael Piller likened "Lessons" to the 1945 Noël Coward film Brief Encounter 

The production crew sought to give Picard a romantic peer and equal in Daren, and were pleased with the actors' performances  Director Robert Wiemer said that "we had really turned-on performances     if we'd had only moderate performances it would have fallen flat"  However, as neither Stewart nor Hughes could play their instruments, it required a number of camera techniques to be used in order to disguise the musicians playing just off screen  Husband and wife duo Natalie and Bryce Martin played the piano and tin whistle respectively to portray Daren and Picard's abilities  Bryce had played his instrument to represent Picard's Ressikan flute since it first appeared in "The Inner Light"  However, while Stewart did the majority of his flute fingering, he was doubled in several scenes by Noel Webb and John Mayham  Webb also doubled for Brent Spiner early in the episode when Data was playing Frédéric Chopin's trio in G minor  A variety of pieces are played throughout the episode, including Frère Jacques, Ludwig van Beethoven's Piano Sonata No  14 and Johann Sebastian Bach's Third Brandenburg Concerto  The "Flute song" by Jay Chattaway, which originally appeared in "The Inner Light", reappears in this episode The firestorm itself was created by Dan Curry and Ronald B  Moore by pouring liquid nitrogen onto black velvet and then blowing it with an air hose  The effect was then enhanced by digital effects and was digitally inserted into the background of the exterior standing set (usually referred to by cast and crew as "planet hell")  "Lessons" was the first appearance of the stellar cartography on board the Enterprise, but the set would be completely replaced for its reappearance in the movie Star Trek Generations 

Reception and home media
James Van Hise and Hal Schuster wrote in their 1995 book, The Complete Next Generation, that they thought the relationship between Picard and Daren was believable, and that the story itself was very effective  They thought that the loneliness Picard feels at the end of the episode was part of an ongoing story which would culminate in the subplot about Picard's loneliness in Star Trek Generations Several reviewers re-watched Star Trek: The Next Generation after the end of the series  Keith DeCandido watched the episode for Tor com, and described the performance of Wendy Hughes as "magnificent" and "never not wonderful"  However, he commented that whenever a double was not used to play the piano, it was obvious that Hughes wasn't playing  Overall, he appreciated the script and thought that the ending was not contrived; however, he would have preferred for the episodic structure of The Next Generation to have been changed a little to allow for the romance to be portrayed as a subplot over several episodes  He gave the episode a score of nine out of ten, saying "this is one of TNG's best romances and an absolute joy " DeCandido subsequently named "Lessons" as one of the best episodes of season six, which he said was the best season of the series Zack Handlen, who reviewed "Lessons" for The A V  Club, thought that the episode works because of Patrick Stewart and that the episode was well-handled  He gave "Lessons" a score of B+, saying that he "wasn't hugely sold on Daren, but when Picard makes a special point of explaining the flute's significance to her, it helps solidify the connection between them "In 2012, Forbes placed "Lessons" in an alternative top ten episodes from TNG The episode was first released on VHS cassette on August 4, 1998  The episode was later included on the Star Trek: The Next Generation season six DVD box set, released in the United States on December 3, 2002, and on Blu-ray on June 24, 2014 

Science education
In 2010, Wired noted this episode of Star Trek as one that could be used to teach real-world science, especially astronomy  The real-world counterpart to the Star Trek stellar cartography can be called uranography 

Notes
Passage 10:
Le Mauricien
Le Mauricien is a French-language newspaper, based and distributed in Mauritius  The newspaper, founded in 1908, is released daily and is one of the most read in Mauritius  The publishers, Le Mauricien Ltd , also publish Week-End, Week-End Scope and Turf Magazine  It is an independent newspaper 

History
Le Mauricien was founded in 1908 and celebrated its hundredth anniversary in 2008  Some former editors include Raoul Rivet, André Masson, Lindsay Rivière among others  The editor and director was Raoul Rivet from 1922 to 1957 Le Mauricien adopted the offset press in 1978 and subsequently experienced changes namely by growing from four pages to the current forty-eight page daily edition  Its price has evolved as well  In 1978, the newspaper's office was set on fire which and was later deemed as a criminal act  Le Mauricien adopted a "midi" format known as the Berliner format in 2010  The pages increased to 48 and this becomes similar to leading papers elsewhere like Le Figaro (France), The Guardian (UK)  In 2012, Le Mauricien upgraded its website and aligned it with other papers where readers could send comments to published articles 
The Compact Tabloid Format
As from July 2014, Le Mauricien has adopted the compact tabloid format close to The Times of the UK   The pages have been reduced to 40 while the midi format was repealed   Compared to an older version of the same paper, the paper size is reduced by 55%   This adds to a new era in news publishing 

General information
Le Mauricien headquarters is located on 8 rue St Georges, Port Louis  The current director is Jacques Rivet and deputy director is Bernard Delaître 

See also
List of newspapers in Mauritius
Passage 11:
Someone in the Dark
Someone in the Dark is a collection of fantasy and horror short stories by author August Derleth  It was released in 1941 and was the second book published by Arkham House   1,115 copies were printed, priced at $2 00  In Thirty Years of Arkham House, Derleth implied that this title had sold out by the end of 1944 
However, more than twenty years later, in 1967, Derleth listed Someone in the Dark in an Arkham House bulletin with this announcement: "We have acquired a small stock of this title, Derleth's first collection of macabre tales, published in 1941  They will be sold at $5 00 the copy to patrons interested in acquiring the book   "
Derleth was being disingenuous in suggesting these 'unearthed' copies were the 1941 edition   The additional 300 copies were printed in offset by Hunter Publishing Co  in Winston-Salem in 1965, the reprint probably authorized by Derleth himself   (In The Arkham House Companion, Sheldon Jaffery quotes a letter that seems to indicate this)  The 1965 reprint are a quarter-inch higher than the originals, and are bound with headbands (not present in the 1941 first editions) 
The 1965 edition is scarce  While it is not generally considered an official Arkham House publication, it is considered an essential acquisition for Arkham House completists 
A paperback reprint was issued by Jove Books in 1978 

Contents
Someone in the Dark contains the following tales:

"When the Night and House "
"Glory Hand"
"Compliments of Spectro"
"A Gift for Uncle Herman"
"McGovern's Obsession"
"Three Gentlemen in Black"
"Muggridge's Aunt"
"Bramwell's Guardian"
"Joliper's Gift"
"Altimer's Amulet"
"The Shuttered House"
"The Sheraton Mirror"
"The Wind from the River"
"The Telephone in the Library"
"The Panelled Room"
"The Return of Hastur"
"The Sandwin Compact"

Reception
E  F  Bleiler noted that "the local, regionalistic American stories are best, while those in imitation of Lovecraft are weakest"  New York Times reviewer Louise Maunsell Field gave the collection a relatively favorable review, saying that "The stories are for the most part well told, and lovers of tales of the occult will find the volume entertaining and congenial, although it has little of either sensitivity or beauty " Thrilling Wonder Stories commented that "Mr  Derleth writes quietly and with restraint, in beautifully measured sentences that stick to the essentials of the story he has to tell  His very restraint sometimes plays a trick on him -- and makes his writing appear at time to lack fire" 
Passage 12:
Death Comes as the End
Death Comes as the End is a historical mystery novel by Agatha Christie, first published in the US by Dodd, Mead and Company in October 1944 and in the UK by the Collins Crime Club in March of the following year  The US Edition retailed at $2 00 and the UK edition at seven shillings and sixpence (7/6) It is the only one of Christie's novels not to be set in the 20th century, and - unusually for her - also features no European characters  Instead, the novel is set in Thebes in 2000 BC, a setting for which Christie gained an appreciation whilst working with her archaeologist husband, Sir Max Mallowan, in the Middle East  The novel is notable for its very high number of deaths and is comparable to And Then There Were None from this standpoint  It is also the first full-length novel combining historical fiction and the whodunit/detective story, a genre which would later come to be called the historical whodunit The suggestion to base the story in ancient Egypt came from noted Egyptologist and family friend Stephen Glanville  He also assisted Christie with details of daily household life in Egypt 4000 years ago  In addition he made forceful suggestions to Christie to change the ending of the book  This she did but regretted the fact afterwards, feeling that her (unpublished) ending was better  The novel is based on real letters translated by egyptologist Battiscombe Gunn, from the Egyptian Middle Kingdom period, written by a man called Heqanakhte to his family, complaining about their behaviour and treatment of his concubine It is one of only four Christie novels to have not received an adaptation of any kind, the others being Destination Unknown, Passenger to Frankfurt and Postern of Fate 
Christie uses a theme for her chapter titles, as she did for many of her novels, in this case the Egyptian agricultural calendar 

Plot introduction
The quiet lives of an Egyptian family are disturbed when the father, Imhotep, returns from the north with his new concubine, Nofret, who begins to sow discontent amongst them  Once the deaths begin, fears are aroused of a curse upon the house, but is the killer closer to home?

Plot summary
The novel is primarily written from the perspective of Renisenb, a young widow reacquainting herself with her family when her father Imhotep, a successful but pompous and short-sighted mortuary priest, brings a new "wife", Nofret, into their lives  Nofret soon disrupts and antagonises Imhotep's sons - Yahmose, Sobek and Ipy - as well as their wives  Renisenb realises the housekeeper Henet, while feigning devotion, is full of hatred  She confronts Henet near the end of the story, who in a fit of pique admits she hates Renisenb and hated Renisenb's long-deceased mother 
After Imhotep is called away, Satipy and Kait, the elder sons' wives, try to bully Nofret with tricks, but the plan backfires when Nofret appeals to Imhotep and he threatens to disown his sons and their families upon his return  Suddenly everyone has a motive to kill Nofret and when she is found dead at the foot of a cliff, an accident seems unlikely, although no one will acknowledge anything else 
Next, Satipy falls to her death in terror from the same cliff while walking with Yahmose  Renisenb, and others, wonder if it was Nofret's vengeful spirit that she was looking at over Yahmose's shoulder moments before her death  This theory gathers force when Yahmose and Sobek drink poisoned wine  Sobek dies, but Yahmose lingers on, having drunk less of the wine  A slave boy who says he saw Nofret's ghost poisoning the wine dies of poison shortly afterwards 
The handsome scribe Kameni has fallen in love with Renisenb, and eventually asks her to marry him  Unsure whether she loves him or her father's advisor Hori, whom she has known since she was a child, she leaves the choice effectively in her father's hands and becomes engaged to Kameni  She realises, however, that his relationship with Nofret was closer than she had supposed, and that jealousy may have influenced Nofret's bitter hatred towards the family  Hori and Esa, the elderly mother of Imhotep (a clever woman who although almost completely blind sees things clearer than most others - especially her son) begin to investigate the possibility of a human murderer  Ipy, himself a likely suspect, starts to boast about his new, better position with his father; he plots to get rid of housekeeper Henet and tells her so  The next morning, Ipy is found dead in the lake, drowned 
The field of suspects has been further narrowed  Esa attempts to flush out the murderer by dropping a hint about the death of Satipy, but is herself murdered by means of poisoned unguent, despite the presence of a food taster  Henet - who knows the murderer's identity and is momentarily powerful amid the chaos - is smothered by the linens used to wrap the ever-increasing number of victims 
On the same cliff path where Nofret and Satipy died, Renisenb, apparently summoned by Hori, hears footsteps behind her and turns to see Yahmose  She then sees the look of murderous hatred in her brother's eyes that Satipy saw before she was killed  As Renisenb is about to be killed, however, Hori slays Yahmose with an arrow and saves her  Hori explains to Renisenb that Satipy was not looking in fear at anything beyond Yahmose — she was looking straight at him  He had consumed a non-lethal dose of poison and pretended to recuperate while committing murders, both to make himself chief heir and to indulge his newfound love of violence  Renisenb's final choice is whom to marry: Kameni, a lively husband not unlike her first, or Hori, an older and more enigmatic figure  She makes her choice and falls into Hori's arms 

Characters in Death Comes as the End
Imhotep, a mortuary priest
Nofret, Imhotep's concubine from the north
Esa, Imhotep's mother
Yahmose, Imhotep's eldest son
Satipy, Yahmose's wife
Ipy, Imhotep's youngest son
Renisenb, Imhotep's daughter
Sobek, Imhotep's second son
Kait, Sobek's wife
Henet, obsequious family retainer, poor relation of Ashayet, Imhotep's deceased wife
Hori, the family's scribe
Kameni, a scribe from the North
Teti, Renisenb's daughter
Khay, Renisenb's late husband

Literary significance and reception
Maurice Willson Disher said in The Times Literary Supplement of 28 April 1945 that, "When a specialist acquires unerring skill there is a temptation to find tasks that are exceptionally difficult  The scenes of Death Comes as the End are laid out in Ancient Egypt  They are painted delicately  The household of the priest, who is depicted not as a sacred personage, but as a humdrum landowner, makes an instant appeal because its members are human  But while the author's skill can cause a stir over the death of an old woman some thousands of years ago, that length of time lessens curiosity concerning why or how she (and others) died "Maurice Richardson, a self-proclaimed admirer of Christie, wrote in the 8 April 1945 issue of The Observer, "One of the best weeks of the war for crime fiction  First, of course, the new Agatha Christie; Death Comes as the End  And it really is startlingly new, with its ancient Egyptian setting in the country household of a mortuary priest who overstrains his already tense family by bringing home an ultra-tough live in concubine from Memphis  Result:  a series of murders  With her special archaeological equipment, Mrs Christie makes you feel just as much at home on the Nile in 1945 B C  as if she were bombarding you with false clues in a chintz-covered drawing room in Leamington Spa  But she has not merely changed scenes; her reconstruction is vivid and she works really hard at her characters  My already insensate admiration for her leaps even higher "In 1990 the novel was included in Crime Writers' Associations' The Top 100 Crime Novels of All Time list     
Robert Barnard: "Hercule Poirot's Christmas, transported to Egypt, ca 2000 B C  Done with tact, yet the result is somehow skeletal - one realises how much the average Christie depends on trappings: clothes, furniture, the paraphernalia of bourgeois living  The culprit in this one is revealed less by detection than by a process of elimination "

Publication history
1944, US, Dodd & Mead, October 1944, hardback (First US edition), 223 pp
1945, UK, The Crime Club Collins, March 1945, hardback (First UK edition), 160 pp
1947, Pocket Books (New York), Paperback, (Pocket number 465), 179 pp
1953, Penguin Books, Paperback, (Penguin number 926), 188 pp
1960, Fontana Books (Imprint of HarperCollins), Paperback, 191 pp
1957, Pan Books, Paperback, 221 pp
1975, Ulverscroft Large-print Edition, Hardcover, 334 pp

Planned Adaptation
A BBC adaptation of the novel was announced in August 2016, as part of a sequence of Christie productions  Gwyneth Hughes was announced as the adaptation's writer in December 2018, with broadcast planned for 2019  However, no further news on the adaptation was subsequently revealed 
Passage 13:
Constantion Bădescu
Constantion Bădescu (July 16, 1892, Mihăești, Vâlcea County – September 10, 1962, Bucharest) was a Romanian brigadier-general during World War II   
Bădescu was born in Mihăești, Vâlcea County in 1892 
He served as commanding officer, 1st Dorobanți Infantry Regiment in 1941, but was called into reserve the following year   He retired in 1943, but was recalled in 1944 and served as commanding officer, 11th Brigade   In 1945, he first served as general officer commanding the 11th Division (12 January–18 February), then commanding officer 11th Brigade, and finally general officer commanding 11th Division again (13 March–12 May) 
He retired in 1947, and died in Bucharest in 1962 

Awards
Order of the Star of Romania, Officer rank (8 June 1940)
Order of Michael the Brave, 3rd class (4 August 1945)



ground_truth: Sherry Boucher