prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the place of birth of who does the voice of stan on the series that Insecurity is part of?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
List of South Park cast members
South Park is an American animated sitcom created by Trey Parker and Matt Stone who also do the majority of the voices  Both Parker and Stone do most of the male characters on the show along with April Stewart and Mona Marshall, who do the female characters on the show  Guest stars have lent their voices to the show including Jay Leno, George Clooney, Jennifer Aniston, Bill Hader, Robert Smith and the comedy duo Cheech & Chong voiced characters representing their likenesses for the season four (2000) episode "Cherokee Hair Tampons", which was the duo's first collaborative effort in 20 years  The entirety of the Nu-Metal band Korn also provided their voices and likenesses in the season three episode "Korn's Groovy Pirate Ghost Mystery" 
Characters in the show, according to Parker and Stone, are inspired by people they met when they were kids  Stan Marsh is made based on Parker himself while Kyle Broflovski is based on Stone himself  Eric Cartman is partially named after and based on Matt Karpman, a high school classmate of Parker who remains a friend of both Parker and Stone  Cartman is also inspired by All in the Family patriarch Archie Bunker, of whom Parker and Stone are fans  They state that creating Cartman as a "little eight-year-old fat kid" made it easier for the two to portray a Bunker-like character after the introduction of political correctness to late-20th century television  Kenny McCormick was based on the creator's observation that most groups of childhood friends in small middle-class towns always included "the one poor kid" and decided to portray Kenny in this light  Butters Stotch is loosely based on South Park co-producer Eric Stough Some of the original voice actors left the show  Mary Kay Bergman voiced the majority of the female characters until her suicide on November 11, 1999  Mona Marshall and Eliza Schneider succeeded Bergman, with Schneider leaving the show after its seventh season (2003)  She was replaced by April Stewart, who, along with Marshall, continues to voice most of the female characters  Isaac Hayes, who voiced the character Chef, left the show after Parker and Stone's depiction of the cult of Scientology, to which Hayes belonged, in the episode Trapped in the Closet 

Current cast
Parker and Stone voice most of the male South Park characters  Mary Kay Bergman voiced the majority of the female characters until her death on November 11, 1999  Mona Marshall and Eliza Schneider succeeded Bergman in 2000, with Schneider leaving the show after its seventh season (2003)  She was replaced by April Stewart, who, along with Marshall, continues to voice most of the female characters  Bergman was originally listed in the credits under the alias Shannen Cassidy to protect her reputation as the voice of several Disney and other kid-friendly characters  Stewart was originally credited under the name Gracie Lazar, while Schneider was sometimes credited under her rock opera performance pseudonym Blue Girl Other voice actors and members of South Park's production staff have voiced minor characters for various episodes, while a few staff members voice recurring characters; supervising producer Jennifer Howell voices student Bebe Stevens, storyboard artist Adrien Beard voices the school's only black student, Tolkien Black, producer Vernon Chatman voiced an anthropomorphic towel named Towelie, and supervising producer John Hansen voices Mr  Slave, the former gay lover of Mr  Garrison  Series developer Eric Stough also voices Kenny McCormick "un-muffled," in the few episodes where the character does not wear his trademark parka that normally muffles his voice  Throughout the show's run, the voices for toddler and kindergarten characters have been provided by various small children of the show's production staff When voicing child characters, the voice actors speak within their normal vocal range while adding a childlike inflection  The recorded audio is then edited with Pro Tools, and the pitch is altered to make the voice sound more like that of a fourth grader Isaac Hayes voiced the character of Chef, a black, soul-singing cafeteria worker who was one of the few adults the boys consistently trusted  Hayes agreed to voice the character after being among Parker and Stone's ideal candidates which also included Lou Rawls and Barry White  Hayes, who lived and hosted a radio show in New York during his tenure with South Park, would record his dialogue on a digital audio tape while a respective episode's director would give directions over the phone, then the tape would be shipped to the show's production studio in California  After Hayes left the show in early 2006, the character of Chef was killed off in the season 10 (2006) premiere "The Return of Chef" 

Guest stars
Celebrities who appear on the show are usually impersonated, though some celebrities lend their voice to their characters  Celebrities who have voiced themselves include Michael Buffer, Brent Musburger, Jay Leno, Robert Smith, and the bands Radiohead and Korn 
Comedy team Cheech & Chong voiced characters representing their likenesses for the season four (2000) episode "Cherokee Hair Tampons", which was the duo's first collaborative effort in 20 years  Malcolm McDowell appears in live-action sequences as the narrator of the season four episode "Pip" Jennifer Aniston, Richard Belzer,Natasha Henstridge, Norman Lear, and Peter Serafinowicz have guest starred as other speaking characters  During South Park's earliest seasons, several high-profile celebrities inquired about guest-starring on the show  As a joke, Parker and Stone responded by offering low-profile, non-speaking roles, most of which were accepted; George Clooney provided the barks for Stan's dog Sparky in the season one (1997) episode "Big Gay Al's Big Gay Boat Ride", Leno provided the meows for Cartman's cat in the season one finale "Cartman's Mom Is a Dirty Slut", and Henry Winkler voiced the various growls and grunts of a kid-eating monster in the season two (1998) episode "City on the Edge of Forever"  Jerry Seinfeld offered to lend his voice for the Thanksgiving episode "Starvin' Marvin", but declined to appear when he was only offered a role as "Turkey #4" 

Trey Parker
Trey Parker voices four of the main characters: Stan Marsh, Eric Cartman, Randy Marsh and Mr  Garrison  He also provides the voices of several recurring characters, such as Clyde Donovan, Mr  Hankey, Mr  Mackey, Stephen Stotch, Jimmy Valmer, Timmy Burch, Tuong Lu Kim and Phillip 

Matt Stone
Matt Stone voices three of the main characters: Kyle Broflovski, Kenny McCormick and Butters Stotch  He also provides the voices of several recurring characters, such as Gerald Broflovski, Stuart McCormick, Craig Tucker, Jimbo Kern, Terrance, Saddam Hussein, Tweek Tweak, Mr  Adler and Jesus 

Mona Marshall
Mona Marshall voices Sheila Broflovski and Linda Stotch 

April Stewart
April Stewart voices Liane Cartman, Sharon Marsh, Carol McCormick, Shelly Marsh, Mayor McDaniels, Principal Victoria and Wendy Testaburger 

List
Recurring guest voices
The recurring guest voices include John Hansen, Vernon Chatman, Adrien Beard and Jennifer Howell 

Casting changes
Mary Kay Bergman voiced the majority of the female characters until her death on November 11, 1999  Mona Marshall and Eliza Schneider succeeded Bergman in 2000, with Schneider leaving the show after its seventh season (2003)  She was replaced by April Stewart, who, along with Marshall, continues to voice most of the female characters  Isaac Hayes, who voiced the character Chef, left the show after Parker and Stone's depiction of his religion Scientology in the episode "Trapped in the Closet" 

Due to the unusually small cast (majority of characters voiced by Parker and Stone) only Bergman, Schneider, and Hayes have left the cast as aforementioned in 1999, 2003, and 2008 respectively 
Passage 2:
Line Describing a Cone
Line Describing a Cone is an avant-garde film produced in 1973 by artist Anthony McCall as part of his "solid light" film series  McCall's reduction of film to the essential properties of the medium resembles the work of other radical artists of his time, and has inspired various projects by artists such as Stan Douglas, Richard Serra, and Gordon Matta-Clark 

Description
The idea for Line Describing a Cone came to McCall on his voyage from London to New York, where he produced the film in 1973  Though he had already created a number of other 16mm films, Line allowed him to actualize his ideas on the relationship between viewer and film and the medium of film itself  The thirty-minute film begins with a single white dot projected onto a black surface  As time progresses, the dot begins to form a curved line, tracing the circumference of a circle until the end of the line reaches its starting point  Meanwhile, particles in the air reveal the path of light in the space between the projector and the wall, making visible a cone of light  If the artist's display specifications are met, this beam of light projects between thirty and fifty feet  The circle that is projected onto the surface sits approximately twelve inches above the ground, and its diameter spans seven to nine feet  The exhibition space lacks seating, inviting the viewer to interact with the ray of light beaming from the projector to the screen  When multiple spectators view the piece together, these encounters with the light, at once an interruption and component of the piece, become an interaction with other audience members 

Exhibition
Exhibition of Line has changed since its first displays  Following the rules of cinema, early screenings occurred at a specific time and place  Audiences had to arrive at the beginning of the film, typically hosted in New York lofts, and follow it through its conclusion  The dust and cigarette smoke that were common in these displays created the cone of light mentioned previously  When the film moved into art institutions such as the Whitney Museum of American Art, dust and smoke were replaced with fog machines  Moreover, these institutions played the film on a loop, allowing viewers to enter and leave the screening as they pleased In addition to the changes that have already occurred in the display of Line over time, changes in technology and media rouse concern for the long-term fate of the piece  Apart from the change in materials that make the cone visible, from cigarette smoke to artificial fog, the impending obsolescence of 16mm film may require the piece to be transferred to a digital projector 

Relation to film and sculpture
Line Describing a Cone reflects McCall's interests in film and sculpture  Line addresses the medium of film by removing the narrative demands and addressing the specific properties of the medium itself such as projection, frames, and light  Moreover, by emphasizing the physical space between the projector and screen McCall calls attention to the sculptural dimensions of projection  In his artists's statement written to judges of the Fifth International Experimental Film Competition, McCall writes:

 It deals with the projected light beam itself, rather than treating the light beam as a mere carrier of coded information, which is decoded when it strikes a flat surface… Line Describing a Cone deals with one of the irreducible, necessary conditions of film: projected light  It deals with this phenomenon directly, independently of any other consideration  It is the first film to exist in real, three-dimensional space 
McCall's manipulation of film has placed the piece within the art world as well as the world of avant-garde film 
Passage 3:
A Piñata Named Desire
"A Piñata Named Desire" is the eleventh episode of the seventh season of the animated comedy series American Dad!   It first aired on Fox in the United States on February 13, 2011  This episode mainly centers on Roger and Stan, who begin to experience tensions growing against each other for the dominant figure in the house  Roger becomes tired of Stan's stance as the authoritarian figure of the house, and he challenges Stan's leadership qualities  Stan insists that he is better than Roger at everything, and he tells him that he has a mission that involves acting  Unknown to Stan, Roger spies on him, only to find out that Stan is a terrible actor  Roger later boasts to the house that he is a better actor than Stan, but he eventually teaches him to improve his acting skills  Meanwhile, Steve and his friends plan to throw their last slumber party together 
This episode was written by Chris and Matt McKenna and directed by Bob Bowen, with Jacob Hair as the assistant director  It received highly positive reviews from television critics and fans alike upon its initial airing  The episode was viewed by over 3 94 million viewers upon its initial airing, and it garnered a 1 9 rating in the 18-49 demographic, according to the Nielson ratings  It featured guest appearances from Lucy Lawless and Terry Crews, as well as several recurring voice actors and actresses for the show 

Plot
Roger auditions for a new play entitled "Piñata Man" and begins boasting about his acting ability, infuriating Stan   Stan insists that he's a better actor and is still the "top dog" in the house   Francine gets frustrated with their constant fighting while Hayley attributes it to sexual tension and says they should just have sex already and get over it   Roger, disbelieving the story, follows Stan to work and sees that he is indeed acting as a waiter in a CIA sting   However, he finds that Stan is a terrible actor, unable to even offer water to the patrons convincingly and causing the sting to turn sour, resulting in the deaths of several agents   Back home, Roger taunts Stan over his failure and Stan finally admits that he can't act  Stan asks Roger for help, and Roger refers him to acting coach Irwin Beyer Jr  (who, as Stan correctly predicts, is another of Roger's personas )  Stan shows progress by acting out a scene from WarGames by relating it to his acting inability, but refuses to perform the love scene with Roger as the "leading lady"   At the casting call for "Piñata Man", the title role goes to Stan, who reveals that he took the acting lessons so he could steal the role right out from under Roger and reassert his dominance 
On Opening Night, Roger injures the leading lady and her understudy so he can claim the role as an actress named Cleshawn Montague and show up Stan  The performance devolves into the pair desperately trying to outdo one another, including damaging the set and turning a scene into an impromptu battle rap   When they come to the love scene, Roger is confident that Stan won't be able to kiss him, but Stan gets over his disgust and does so; this leads to another battle of one-upmanship as they perform increasingly raunchy sexual acts until finally they're both arrested for public indecency for simulating sexual intercourse on stage  In the police car, Stan and Roger have become friends again, complimenting each other's acting talent, much to the confusion of Francine and with Hayley reaffirming what she said at the start of the episode 
Meanwhile, Steve and his friends plan to have a slumber party together  Vince Chung and the rest of the school students overhear and make fun of them, and Steve's friends think that they are too old to have a slumber party  Steve later suggests that this be the last sleepover that he and his friends will ever have  At a local pizzeria, Steve and his friends get into an argument over details, including a moment where Toshi tells Snot to "eat his bowls" after he screams at him to learn English  In the end, they hold a sleepover at Steve's treehouse, being reunited with the alleged fifth member of the group who had moved away years ago  Steve suspects he is a stranger who overheard them in the pizzeria, but they let him participate anyway 

Production
"A Piñata Named Desire" was written by series regulars Chris and Matt McKenna, in their second episode of the season  This would be the first episode that both writers would write since the season six episode "Fart-break Hotel"  This episode was directed by series regular Bob Bowen, with Jacob Hair as the assistant director  This would be the third time Bowen has directed an episode for the season, having also directed season six episode "For Whom the Sleigh Bell Tolls" and "White Rice"  Seth MacFarlane, the creator and executive producer of American Dad!, as well as its sister shows Family Guy and The Cleveland Show, served as the executive producer for the episode, along with series veterans Mike Barker, Rick Wiener, Matt Weitzman, and Kenny Schwartz  Diana Retchey was the animation producer for the episode, in her seventh episode of the season  She has also been the animation producers for many Cartoon Network shows, such as Johnny Bravo and Samurai Jack  Amanda Bell served as the production manager, while Michael Wittenberg would serve as the post-production supervisor for the episode  This would be Bell's eighth episode of the season where she served as the production manager, while this would be Wittenberg's ninth episode of the season as the post-production supervisor This episode featured a guest appearance from Lucy Lawless, who provided the voice for Stacy  Recurring voice actors Curtis Armstrong, Daisuke Suzuki and Eddie Kaye Thomas guest starred as Steve's friends in the episode  Armstrong previously reprised his role in "Stan's Food Restaurant", while Suzuki and Thomas reprised their roles in "Best Little Horror House in Langley Falls" 

Reception
"A Piñata Named Desire" was broadcast on February 13, 2011 as part of the animation television night on Fox  The show started off the line up, the third consecutive week that American Dad started off Fox's "Animation Domination" block  It was followed by The Simpsons, Bob's Burgers, and its sister shows Family Guy and The Cleveland Show  It was viewed by 3 94 million viewers upon its original airing, despite airing simultaneously with Dateline NBC, 60 Minutes on CBS, and America's Funniest Home Videos on ABC  It achieved a 1 9 rating in the 18-49 demographic, the lowest rating of the line up  The episode's total viewership and ratings were significantly down from the previous episode, "Stanny Boy and Frantastic", which was viewed by 4 80 million viewers upon its initial airing, and garnered a 2 2 rating in the 18-49 demographic "A Piñata Named Desire" was met with highly positive reception by television critics and fans alike upon its initial release  Rowan Kaiser of The A V  Club gave the episode a very positive review, saying the show "is back in fine form tonight, something notable from the start when they bypass a full credit sequence in favor of a simple title card " Kaiser highly praised the main plot, calling the interaction between Stan and Roger "fantastic throughout " However, he wrote a mixed review about the secondary plot of the episode, suggesting that Steve's idea to plan a "sleepover to end all sleepovers" with his friends is "a pretty typical sitcom plot for adolescents"  Furthermore, "American Dad adds nothing new except more self-blowjob-attempt jokes  It's not terrible, and if nothing else, it highlights just how good the Roger/Stan [   ] storyline is  Despite his criticisms, he rated the episode an A−, the highest grade of the night, scoring higher than The Simpsons episode "The Blue and the Gray", the Bob's Burgers episode "Sexy Dance Fighting", the Family Guy episode "Friends of Peter G , and The Cleveland Show episode "A Short Story and a Tall Tale"  Jason Hughes of TV Squad also gave the episode a positive review, calling it "funny"  He praised the main plot, find it hilarious when "seeing Stan completely screw up a mission because he's not as good at acting as Roger is " As for Roger's acting in the episode, he says "it should have been obvious that he's a natural," especially when "he even has boobs when he plays women "
Passage 4:
Gamla stan metro station
Gamla stan is a station on the Green and Red lines of the Stockholm metro  It is located on the western side of the Gamla stan (Old town) district of central Stockholm, and is at ground level, although partly under the Centralbron bridge that carries road and mainline rail across the waterways that define the centre of the city  The same waterways are responsible for the ground level location of the station, unusual for a city centre metro station, as the lines cross between the  islands of Stadsholmen and Södermalm by a bridge immediately south of the station The station has two island platforms between four parallel through tracks, with the western platform for trains to the north and the eastern one for trains to the south  Red line trains use the inner pair of tracks and Green line the outer tracks  The platforms are accessed from a ticket hall located under the tracks and platforms  The ticket hall can be reached from Mälartorget, Munkbroleden or Munkbrohamnen The station site was previously occupied by the Köttorgshallen and Munkbrohallen markets, which were demolished to make way for the metro  The station was opened on 24 November 1957 as part of the Green line connection between Slussen and Hötorget which connected the previously disconnected southern and western sections of that line  On 5 April 1964, the first stretch of the Red line, between T-Centralen and Fruängen, was opened As part of Art in the Stockholm metro project, in 1998 the station received medieval weaving patterns, weather sun motifs and cement mosaic-patterned floors by Göran Dahl, as well as fencing with weaving patterns between the tracks by Britta Carlström 

Gallery
Passage 5:
Dian Bachar
Dian Bachar (; born October 26, 1970) is an American actor most notable for his roles in various films by or starring his friends Trey Parker and Matt Stone, such as Cannibal! The Musical (George Noon), Orgazmo (Ben Chapleski) and his most famous role as Kenny "Squeak" Scolari in 1998's BASEketball, as well as making the occasional appearance on South Park 

Career
Dian Bachar attended Chatfield Senior High School  Bachar then received his BFA in Film Production at the University of Colorado at Boulder where he met Matt Stone and Trey Parker  From there, he went on to star in the student film, Cannibal! The Musical, for internship credit  Bachar also co-starred with Parker in Orgazmo, playing the eponymous character's sidekick "Choda Boy", and played multiple parts in Parker and Stone's short-lived series Time Warped 
Bachar shared an apartment with Parker and Stone up until 1997  When BASEketball was in the works, Parker asked David Zucker to change the script to allow for three players on each team (it was supposed to be just two to a team) to allow for Bachar to have a part in the movie In 1998, Bachar won a Leonardo da Vinci Award from the Beaux Arts Society, Inc  in the category of Actor, Debut Performance (Film) for his role in BASEketball  and an award for Best Actor in the 2012 short film Coaching Me Softly at the 48-Hour Film Project Most recently, Bachar starred in the horror feature The Murders of Brandywine Theater and the western drama short film Homestead   He is the co-owner of Bonobo Mountain Films with partner Carrie Rapaport 

South Park appearances
Due to his friendship with creators Parker and Stone, Bachar had provided several guest voices on their animated series South Park 

"Cow Days" - voicing the game show announcer 
"Merry Christmas Charlie Manson!" - voicing the fake Mr  Hankey 
"Do the Handicapped Go to Hell?" - voicing Satan's lover Chris 
"Probably" - again voicing Satan's lover, Chris 

Short films
Bachar and fellow actor Sam Macaroni are the leads in both of the internet series Roommates: The Series and Dimwits 

Music videos
Bachar appears in The Melvins "The Talking Horse" music video, and starred in and directed the music video "Rock Hard Soul" for the Chicago-based band, JIP 

Filmography
Passage 6:
Jamieson Price
Jamieson K  Price is an American actor, best known for his deep and booming voice in numerous anime and video games  He is known as the voice of the Count of Monte Cristo in Gankutsuou, Sojiro Sakura in Persona 5, Ovan in  hack//G U , and Galbalan, and Milton Grimm from Ever After High  Price also had a part in the 2000 movie The Patriot 

Biography
Price became interested in acting as a young child, starting from when he was in the fourth grade and later did theatre performances even during his adolescent and young adult years  In high school, Price got involved with dramatic interpretations-(focusing on poetry and prose reading) as well as voice competitions in his teens and became Virginia State Champion in his senior year of high school which later lead him to get into acting and voice acting by a close friend of his during the late 90s after graduate school  He eventually got a job in the voice acting business by Dorothy Fahn who is a friend of his wife Bethany who was very interested in his deep voice; aside from acting/voice acting, he has also done work for fight choreography as well as a theatrical technician 

Personal life
Price has been married to his wife Bethany Price since December 31, 1993, who works as a director, audition/stage coach, and an acting instructor  He has three children-(2 daughters and 1 son); Dane-(an actor and musician), Cynthia-(an actress and dancer), and Meghan-(a chiropractor)  Jamieson Price is also involved with a few podcasts, one of them being Crypto-Z 

Filmography
Anime
Animation
Films
Video games
Live action
Passage 7:
Arnaud Joyet
Arnaud Joyet (born 3 April 1974) is a French singer, musician, comedian and theatre director  He plays Stan in the series Hero Corp 
Passage 8:
Insecurity (South Park)
"Insecurity" is the tenth episode of the sixteenth season of the American animated sitcom South Park, and the 233rd episode of the series overall  It aired on Comedy Central in the United States on October 10, 2012 The story concerns Kyle Broflovski's belief that his mother is having an affair with a UPS delivery man  When public suspicion falls upon the delivery man, package delivery to the neighborhood is threatened, and Eric Cartman purchases a home security system in response  The episode parodies security alarm systems, and also contains references to Amazon com and the film The Dark Knight Rises  Multiple characters, including Cartman himself, impersonate the fictional villain Bane 

Plot
Gerald Broflovski dresses up as a UPS delivery man in order to engage in sexual roleplay with his wife, Sheila  Their three-year-old son, Ike, sees this and is convinced that his mother is having an affair with a real delivery man  He draws a picture of what he saw, and tearfully shows his older brother Kyle  When Kyle confides this to the other boys at Stan Marsh's house, Stan’s father Randy Marsh overhears them, and informs the other men in town of this  Soon, all the children and men in South Park, led by Randy, are under the impression that UPS delivery men are sleeping with their wives and mothers  Around this time, Eric Cartman decides to have a home security system installed to protect his mother  However, he accidentally triggers the device and becomes infuriated with the company's nonchalant reaction 
The old mechanic at Skeeter's Bar convinces the men that the convenience of ordering products online has brought this situation upon them, relating the UPS delivery men to milk men of the 20th century  He recounts how back in his day, men got lazy and wanted to have milk delivered to their doorstep  Little did they know that the milkman delivering the milk would sleep with their wives  He says that history is now repeating itself with Amazon, with women receiving products from the e-commerce giant that they do not remember ordering  Randy then observes this phenomenon with his wife Sharon, and then finds Ike's drawing in Stan's room  Convinced that Thad, the UPS delivery man is sleeping with their wives, Randy and the men ask the old mechanic for advice  At first he states that there is no getting rid of the delivery man, not in any way they are "prepared for", but suggests they let him keep sleeping with their wives until he gets tired  Stephen, however, states that it is not just their wives anymore, believing that the UPS man is now going after the men too, as he just received a product that he does not remember ordering  The old mechanic tells them the only way to solve the problem is to kill the delivery man and resolve to return to purchase products in brick and mortar stores, stating that his generation did the same with milkmen 
The men each don Bane-type masks, severely beat up Thad, and leave Ike's drawing on him to indicate that they know what he did  When the deliveries continue, the men decide to install the Wolf Home Security personal alarm system, named "INSecurity", which is physically installed inside the user and triggered whenever the user feels insecure  This leads to rampant false alarms caused by the men's insecurities  Kyle attempts to address the issue of his mother's "affair" by having his parents sit down with the UPS delivery man  However, after Thad's UPS truck is destroyed by a bomb, he retreats deeper into the Broflovski's home before jumping out of a second-story window to his death  The men tell the police that Thad killed himself because he was a psychopath who had been forced to have sex with his mother  They purportedly illustrate this by showing the police Ike's drawing, which they say they found in the man's pocket  When the police find a UPS uniform in the Broflovski's closet, Kyle and the men realize that Gerald was the UPS man that Ike saw 
When the men inform the old mechanic that he was wrong about the trappings of modern convenience and merely need to be secure with themselves, the old man suggests that the security salesmen are having sex with their wives  As a result, Cartman and the men, again disguised as Bane, confront the security technician  The episode ends with him dragged out of his truck in shock after Cartman tells him that he should have "respected [Cartman's] authoritah" 

Production
"Insecurity" was developed from an idea created during meetings for the show's 2014 video game, South Park: The Stick of Truth  Parker and Stone and the team at South Park Studios had spent the summer prior to their fall run working on the video game, and one idea that came up was a character having to get into people's homes, and past their security systems  The idea got the team discussing in-home security systems, which Parker views as a "big scam" due to the rarity of the system alarming for a real emergency  Parker and Stone spoke to a close friend who is a policeman, who confirmed that they received false alarms "all the time " The United States Department of Justice estimates that between 94% and 98% of all alarm calls to law enforcement are indeed false alarms Several scenes were completed before the run began, with "Insecurity" set as the season premiere  Scenes scripted at this time included Cartman's dialogue back-and-forth with the security company employees, regarding his password  The storyline was still incomplete when its broadcast date neared, so they decided to wait on it for later in the season  At one point, they considered splitting the episode into a two-parter, between Cartman's battle with the security companies and the plot line regarding the postman  They decided to keep it one episode when they scripted scenes with the old man in Skeeter's Bar, feeling as though his dialogue connected the two stories enough Parker remarked that the episode was inspired by his own life, when he had ordered items from Amazon com, only to forget what it is when it arrives  Likening the surprise to Christmas morning, he noted in the episode's DVD commentary he has a tendency to order random items when South Park episodes are near completion: "I [order items] the most on Tuesday nights, when we're approving animation like crazy, it's like three in the morning, I'll just get on the computer and start ordering shit from Amazon […] just to make Thursday [its arrival date] like Christmas "

Cultural references
The episode references Bane, a character within the Batman universe, specifically, his depiction by actor Tom Hardy in  the 2012 film The Dark Knight Rises  It also references UPS and Amazon com 

Reception
Ryan McGee of The A V  Club gave the episode a B, writing that the episode "did its best to link up the fear of cuckoldry with the fear of home invasion, but the results themselves were mixed " Max Nicholson of IGN called the episode an "admirable entry" for the season, though noting "While the plot here was clearly framed around recycling these two jokes over and over, they were both strong enough to carry out the 22 minutes in full "
Passage 9:
Stephen Russell
Stephen L  Russell is an American actor, playwright, and theater director  He is best known for his video game voice roles as Garrett in the Thief series, Corvo Attano in Dishonored 2, and various characters in Skyrim and the Fallout series 

Career
Russell appeared onstage in Huntington's The Last Hurrah  Other stage credits include The Life of Galileo (Underground Railway Theater), The Bottom of the Lake (Tir Na Theatre), Daughter of Venus (Boston Playwrights' Theatre), A Pinter Duet, A House With No Walls, White People (New Repertory Theatre), And Then There Were None, A Prayer for Owen Meany (Stoneham Theatre), Talley's Folly (The Lyric Stage Company of Boston), and more than two dozen productions with the Wellfleet Harbor Actors' Theatre (WHAT), including The Beauty Queen of Leenane and the Eliott Norton Award-winning production of A New War  He is the author of 13 plays for young audiences and won the 2009 WHAT Award for Sustained Artistic Excellence Russell made his debut film appearances as Bob in the 2007 film Noëlle and in 2008 appeared as Luther Norris in the film Chatham  In 2009, he played a minor role in the film The Ghosts of Girlfriends Past  In addition to voicing Garrett in the Thief video game series, he voiced Garrett's chief antagonist Karras in Thief II: The Metal Age, as well as many of the supporting characters in the series  He contributed the voice of the starship Von Braun's central computer XERXES and William Bedford Diego in System Shock 2  He also provided the voices of Andy, Mr  Buckingham, The Great One, Wadsworth, Sergeant RL-3, Cerberus, Enclave Scientists, an Enclave Soldier, and every Mr  Handy in Fallout 3, Fallout 4, and Fallout 76  The 2011 game Skyrim features Russell voicing a range of characters, including Barbas the talking dog, Daedric Prince Clavicus Vile, Belethor, and Thieves Guild leader Mercer Frey  In the 2015 game Fallout 4, he voices Codsworth and the android detective Nick Valentine  He provided the voice for Lord Protector Corvo Attano in the 2016 video game Dishonored 2 
Russell did not return to the Thief franchise for the 2014 reboot because it utilized motion-capture acting, which required the voice actors to physically portray the characters and perform their own stunts  Eidos-Montréal announced that Russell had been replaced by Romano Orzari for the role of Garrett in the series, and explained their decision: "The actor playing Garrett needed to be able to perform his own stunts  Garrett's a really athletic guy  We could have pasted Stephen's voice on top of the actions and stunts of someone else, but this wouldn't appear natural " The decision upset some fans of the series, who initiated an online petition requesting Eidos-Montréal to bring back Russell as lead voice actor 

Personal life
He is a vegetarian  He has a son named Peter, who is an actor and musician, and a daughter named Robin, who is a voice actress 

Selected voice credits
Passage 10:
Chef (South Park)
Jerome Nigel McElroy, often referred to as "The Chef" or simply "Chef", is a recurring fictional character on the Comedy Central series South Park who was voiced by Isaac Hayes  A cafeteria worker at the local elementary school in the town of South Park, Colorado, Chef is generally portrayed as more intelligent than the other adult residents of the town, and understanding to the children  His advice is often sought by the show's core group of child protagonists—Stan Marsh, Kyle Broflovski, Eric Cartman, and Kenny McCormick—as he is the only adult they completely trust  Chef frequently gives completely honest advice without considering whether it is appropriate for children, usually in the non sequitur form of a lascivious soul song 
Chef was inspired by Hayes and other popular soul singers of the 1970s, as well as an actual dining hall worker encountered by series co-creator Trey Parker while he attended the University of Colorado  Chef played a less prominent role as the series progressed beyond its earlier seasons, and the character was retired at the beginning of the tenth season in "The Return of Chef" following the controversial departure of Hayes 

Character
In tradition with the show's animation style, Chef is composed of simple geometrical shapes, and is animated with use of a computer, though he is given the impression of being a construction paper cutout composition animated through the use of stop motion, which was the technique used to animate the "Spirit of Christmas" shorts and the show's first episode  Chef is an overweight black American with a beard who usually wears blue pants and a red shirt  He frequently dons a traditional chef's hat and white apron on which the word "CHEF" is printed in black, even when not at work 
Until Token Black and his family were given a more notable role starting in the show's fourth season, Chef was portrayed as the only black resident in all of South Park  Parker and co-creator Matt Stone initially planned to have one of themselves voice the character, fearing that their ideal candidates of Hayes (Lou Rawls and Barry White) would never agree to voice the character because the duo had admittedly and purposefully created him as a "stereotype" to reflect what they felt was the perception most inhabitants of less-diverse mountainous Colorado towns had of black people  However, Hayes agreed to voice the character due in part to the audacity of some of the show's early scripts  Chef (usually affectionately) referred to most people in town with the pejorative "crackers", including the children 
Chef, after abandoning his musical aspirations, moved to South Park with plans to open his own restaurant  Before this, he had befriended several famous recording artists in the music industry, including Elton John and Meat Loaf, helping them to launch their successful careers  Despite failing at yet another dream, Chef made his way onto the South Park City Council, representing Public Safety  In addition to dispensing wisdom to the children and a few of the adult townsfolk, Chef speaks out against what he feels are outrageous ideas  For example, he opposes the rampant prescription of Ritalin in the episode "Timmy 2000", and he objects to the town's acceptance of Mr  Garrison committing purposefully flamboyant sadomasochistic acts in front of schoolchildren in "The Death Camp of Tolerance"  In "Chef Goes Nanners", he briefly converts to Islam and adopted the name "Abdul Mohammed Jabar Rauf Kareem Ali" when he demanded that South Park change its official flag because it depicted the town's racist past  On several other occasions, Chef helped save South Park (and in a few other instances, the entire world) from potential disasters Chef is also known for frequently engaging in casual sex, a habit he often expresses through song  He drives a 1980s woodie station wagon with a vanity plate that reads "LUV CHEF"  He is often seen accompanied by numerous young women when at home or on vacation, and is even revealed to have had a one-night stand with Kathie Lee Gifford  He once resorted to male prostitution in an effort to raise money to pay legal fees, and had sex with nearly every woman in South Park before having to stop due to exhaustion  In "The Succubus", Chef briefly becomes an office worker and took up monogamy after meeting a woman named Veronica  The two were engaged to be married until it was revealed that Veronica was actually a succubus  In the South Park video game, the children can seek Chef's advice at one of the many buildings labelled "Chef's Shack O' Love", which is implied to be a brothel, complete with a naked woman in Chef's bed 
Chef's parents, Nellie and Thomas McElroy, live in Scotland  The couple have made two major appearances in the episodes "The Succubus" and "The Biggest Douche in the Universe", and made a brief cameo in a town Christmas celebration in "Red Sleigh Down"  They were not seen at Chef's funeral in "The Return of Chef" 
Chef is known to have run a quiz show called Chef's Luv Shack, as is apparent in the video game of the same name 

Relationship with the children
Chef endearingly calls the boys "the children" or just "children" (even when addressing one individually), and, unless he is preoccupied with a female companion, is usually willing to assist them with whatever help they need  Chef is consistently the only adult in town whom the boys held in high regard, and they view him as their friend  They are also visibly saddened if his presence in their lives is threatened  In addition to being fans of his food (especially his trademark Salisbury steak), the boys often heartily anticipate encountering Chef when waiting in the school lunch line, so that they can explain whatever dilemma is affecting them, usually after their traditional greeting:

Chef: Hello there, children!The boys [in unison]: Hey Chef!Chef: How's it goin'?The boys [one or in unison]: Bad Chef: Why "bad"?

The boys sometimes take it upon themselves to travel to Chef's house individually to seek his guidance on all manners of their problems, specifically relationships  Chef usually gives advice in the form of a soul song, which usually winds up being about sex, whether or not sex was relevant to the topic at hand  Hearing the songs would often leave the boys even more confused and with no further understanding of what they initially inquire about  In earlier seasons, Chef is often approached by the children when they are unfamiliar with a term that pertains to adult matters, such as "lesbian" or "prostitute"  This happens so often that it eventually angers Chef, who pleads with them to stop asking questions he feels are not appropriate for him to answer  Despite this, the children continue asking Chef these questions, much to his chagrin  An absent-minded Chef sometimes answers anyway, not realizing his lapse until the damage had been done  Chef acknowledges that doing this had repeatedly gotten him in trouble with his boss, Principal Victoria 

Music
In addition to singing in an effort to explain something to the children, Chef also sings about things relevant to what has transpired in the plot  These songs were original compositions written by Parker, and performed by Hayes in the same sexually suggestive R&B style he had utilized during his own music career  Within the show, Chef is the original composer of these songs, including "Stinky Britches", which was depicted as having been covered by Alanis Morissette without proper credit to Chef  When Chef is left with legal debt after losing a court case to have himself credited as the song's original writer, several bands and artists (guest starring as themselves) hold a concert dubbed "Chef Aid", a parody of Live Aid, to raise the funds  The episode inspired a real-life album, Chef Aid: The South Park Album, which featured guest stars from the episode such as Elton John and Ozzy Osbourne  The album includes many of the full-length versions of the songs Chef had performed in the show's first two seasons; "Chocolate Salty Balls" was released as a single, and reached #1 in both the record charts of Ireland and the United Kingdom  As the series progressed and Chef's role became more intermittent, his spontaneous outbursts into song became less of a show standard 
Parker and Stone originally planned to have Chef sing a song in every single episode but abandoned the idea after finding it too challenging and fearing writing too many songs would make them less funny, similar to their rationale for dispensing with Kenny's episodic deaths 

Departure of Isaac Hayes
On January 4, 2006, Hayes defended South Park's style of controversial humor to The A V  Club and XM's Opie and Anthony show, going so far as to note that although he was not pleased with the show's depiction of the Church of Scientology, of which he was a member, he "understood what Matt and Trey are doing " However, on March 13, 2006, nearly two months after suffering a stroke, Hayes was reported to have quit South Park over objections to the show's attitudes toward and depiction of various religions, claiming that the show had crossed the line from satire into intolerance 
Despite the content of the official press release, there remains considerable speculation about the motivations behind his departure  Parker and Stone assert that he quit due to the controversial episode "Trapped in the Closet", and its treatment of Scientology  Stone commented in a manner that suggested that Hayes practiced a double standard regarding the treatment of religion on South Park: "[We] never heard a peep out of Isaac in any way until we [lampooned] Scientology  He wants a different standard for religions other than his own, and to me, that is where intolerance and bigotry begin " Fox News reporter Roger Friedman suggested that, because he was still suffering from the effects of his stroke, Hayes was hospitalized and not in a position to make a rational decision to leave the show  Friedman also reported that Hayes left the show because of the external pressure forced by his fellow Scientologists, the decision was not voluntary, and the original press release announcing his departure was put out by someone who was not authorized to represent him  In a 2016 oral history of South Park in The Hollywood Reporter, Hayes' son Isaac Hayes III confirmed that the decision to leave the show was made by Hayes' entourage while Hayes was unable to make such decisions on his own 

Retirement
Nine days after Hayes's departure from production, the controversy was satirized in the show's Season 10 premiere "The Return of Chef"  For the episode, voice clips of Chef were taken from previous episodes and linked together to form new dialogue to support the plot, which involves Chef's leaving South Park to join the "Super Adventure Club", which eventually brainwashes Chef until he had the mindset of a child molester  The organization combines outdoor activities with child molestation, an act they perceive as justified because of their beliefs 
After the boys restore Chef to his original mindset, but are unable to convince him to come back to South Park, a rope bridge Chef is walking across is struck by lightning  He falls to a violent death, culminating with his mutilation at the hands of a grizzly bear and a mountain lion and finally discharged fecal matter (a reference to the episode "Something Wall-Mart This Way Comes", in which Cartman claims that the relaxation of the bowel muscles confirms that a person is really dead) South Park holds a memorial service for him (Canadian comedians Terrance and Phillip even attend, despite having never met the man themselves), in which Kyle gives a eulogy stating, "We shouldn't be mad at Chef for leaving us, we should be mad at that fruity little club for scrambling his brains", a deliberate parallel with Hayes' departure from the show in favor of Scientology Mimicking a scene from the finale of Star Wars: Episode III – Revenge of the Sith, Chef's body is secretly collected by the Super Adventure Club, who managed to revive him as a cyborg — identified on the show's official website as "Darth Chef" (a parody of Star Wars' Darth Vader)  He is fitted with a suit and mask like those of Vader, except with the helmet taking on the appearance of Chef's trademark hat, and wields a red, glowing spatula, parodying Vader's red lightsaber  Darth Chef's voice was provided by British comedian and filmmaker Peter Serafinowicz, who voiced Darth Maul in Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace  Darth Chef has not made an appearance in subsequent episodes, but has appeared with other characters in the background of the South Park opening sequence, and is mentioned in the episode "Stunning and Brave", when PC Principal says the kids drove him to kill himself, which is not true Chef is alluded to after his death in the season 10 episode "Hell on Earth 2006" where, during Satan's party, there are multiple scenes in which a Caucasian male dressed as Chef can be seen in the background  He is also referenced in the season 14 episode "Crème Fraiche" when Randy becomes the new chef at school and greets the kids with Chef's trademark lines  Chef's death is also indirectly mentioned in the season 19 episode "Stunning and Brave" when PC Principal talks about all the things he finds offensive (incorrectly assuming that Chef's death was a suicide, before giving Butters detention for correcting him)  Isaac Hayes himself died on August 10, 2008, two years after his departure from South Park  On November 4, 2008, the film Return to Sleepaway Camp was released in the United States; filmed in 2003, the film features Hayes in a cameo as a live-action version of Chef, referred to once as Charlie but portrayed/credited as South Park's "The Chef" 
Chef makes an appearance in the 2014 video game South Park: The Stick of Truth as the reanimated Nazi Zombie penultimate boss later in the game  Once again, voice clips of Isaac Hayes as Chef are recycled from past episodes with the exception of recorded speech clips from Adolf Hitler  During his battle with the player and the other boys, Chef will express remorse by saying things like "I'm sorry, boys" and "what have I done?" While there were vague references to the Super Adventure Club and his death, there were no references to the Darth Chef suit  After being defeated, Chef regains control over his mind and tries to tell the boys, but he is then killed by Clyde and the New Kid In a sketch from the Robot Chicken episode "Boogie Bardstown in: No Need, I Have Coupons", Chef is a contestant on MasterChef Celebrity Showdown, where he has to cook with the thing he fears most: thetans 
Passage 11:
Buzz Lightyear
Buzz Lightyear is one of the main characters in Disney/Pixar's Toy Story franchise, voiced by Tim Allen  He is a superhero toy action figure based on the in-universe media franchise consisting of a blockbuster feature film and animated series, Space Ranger  In the Disney/Pixar Toy Story franchise, Buzz wears a green, purple, and white space suit  Buzz Lightyear is a recurring character in all of the Toy Story franchise's animated films, including spin-offs  Notably, Woody serves as the main protagonist throughout the four films in the series, while Buzz remains an important character  In Toy Story (1995), unlike most other toys, Buzz initially believes himself to be the "real" Buzz Lightyear and comes to terms with actually being just a toy; in Toy Story 2 (1999), Buzz encounters other Buzz Lightyear action figures from the toyline who similarly believe themselves to be "real" including one of the character's in-universe archenemy and father: Emperor Zurg; in Toy Story 3 (2010), set ten years later, Buzz explores a romance with cowgirl figure Jessie, while he uncovers his Spanish mode; while in Toy Story 4 (2019), Buzz finds his inner voice and bids farewell to Woody, who leaves to be with Bo Peep 
The fictional character, Buzz Lightyear, Space Ranger, on which the toy Buzz is based, also appears in the 2000 direct-to-video film "Buzz Lightyear of Star Command: The Adventure Begins" and its subsequent spin-off television series, "Buzz Lightyear of Star Command " In these productions, he is voiced by Tim Allen and Patrick Warburton, respectively  Chris Evans voiced this version of the character in the 2022 spin-off film Lightyear, presented as an in-universe film the characters in Toy Story would watch (as previously depicted in the opening scene of The Adventure Begins) exploring their origin story, with James Brolin additionally voicing an elderly, nihilistic version of Buzz from an alternate future, known as Zurg (a separate character from Emperor Zurg) 

Conception and creation
Buzz Lightyear's name was in honor of Apollo 11 astronaut Edwin "Buzz" Aldrin, the second person to walk on the Moon  According to Pixar producers, the character was provisionally named Lunar Larry, but it sounded "too wacky"  Aldrin acknowledged the tribute when he pulled a Buzz Lightyear toy out during a speech at NASA  A clip of this can be found on the Toy Story 10th Anniversary DVD  Aldrin did not receive any endorsement fees for the use of his nickname Regarding the design of Lightyear, Toy Story director John Lasseter said he wanted to create an action figure in the line of G I  Joe for the film and decided upon a spaceman figure  Lasseter attributes his design to the influence of Apollo astronauts, in particular, their clear helmets, skullcaps, communication devices, and white suits The purple and fluorescent green color scheme were the favorite colors of Lasseter and his wife's respectively  The looks of television actor Ed Kemmer are also believed to be a prototype for Lightyear  Kemmer played Commander Buzz Corry in Space Patrol, one of the first science-fiction series on American television Originally, when a screen test was being made, producers wanted Buzz to be voiced by Billy Crystal  He turned the role down, and after seeing the first film, he said that turning it down was "the biggest mistake of his career" 

Appearances
Buzz Lightyear, toy
Toy Story (1995)
In the animated film Toy Story, Buzz Lightyear, an action figure, is given to a boy named Andy Davis from his mother as a birthday present  He quickly impresses the other toys with his skills, flashy accessories and wings, and soon becomes Andy's favorite toy  Sheriff Woody, the former favorite toy, quickly becomes jealous  It soon becomes apparent that Buzz is unaware he is a toy, genuinely believing that he is a space ranger sent to stop the Evil Emperor Zurg  He further believes that his red light bulb "laser" is a deadly weapon, his wings are functional aircraft-grade steel, and that he cannot breathe with his helmet open 
After Woody unintentionally knocks Buzz out of Andy's bedroom window, Buzz follows and confronts Woody in Andy's car  The two become separated from Andy while fighting, and Woody tries to convince Buzz he is a toy but fails  The two are soon captured by Andy's sadistic neighbor, Sid Phillips  Buzz sees a commercial on a TV in Sid's house which reveals he is a toy  In denial, Buzz tries to fly and ends up breaking his arm  He falls into despair 
Sid's toys fix Buzz's arm, and Sid tapes him to a rocket with the intention to blow him up  Woody convinces Buzz his purpose is to make Andy happy; eventually causing Buzz to regain his resolve  He teams up with Woody to escape Sid and return to Andy  As the two pursue Andy's van, Woody is attacked by Sid's dog Scud  Buzz fights off the dog to rescue Woody, and Woody uses RC to rescue Buzz  When the two are still unable to catch up to Andy, Woody is forced to light the rocket and launch them into the air; Buzz opens his wings to sever the tape holding him to the rocket, saving them from exploding and flying solo for the first time, albeit, while carrying Woody  After they are reunited with Andy, Buzz and Woody remain close friends 

Toy Story 2
In the animated film Toy Story 2, Woody is kidnapped by a greedy toy collector named Al McWhiggin, who is intent on selling him and other "Woody's Roundup" toys to a toy museum in Japan  Buzz leads Mr  Potato Head, Slinky Dog, Rex, and Hamm on a daring rescue mission  They travel to the Al's Toy Barn store, which they believe Woody was taken to  The trip involves crossing a busy road  Buzz uses traffic cones to help the group avoid being crushed by cars 
In the store, the toys get separated  Buzz discovers an aisle full of his fellow Buzz Lightyear toys, one of which has a fancy Utility Belt  When Buzz tries to touch the belt, the Utility Belt Buzz comes to life; also believing he is a real space ranger  He quickly "arrests" Andy's Buzz as a rogue space ranger  Andy's Buzz mocks himself and earlier delusions while Utility Belt Buzz berates him for "backtalk" and imprisons him for "court martial" in an empty Buzz Lightyear case  Andy's Buzz unsuccessfully tries to explain that he and Utility Belt Buzz are both toys 
Soon, the other toys find Utility Belt Buzz and mistake him for Andy's Buzz  Andy's Buzz fails to get their attention and is forced to escape the box on his own  He pursues them out of the store and across the road to Al's apartment  Buzz inadvertently frees an Evil Emperor Zurg action figure while doing so, and he pursues him with intent to destroy him 
Andy's Buzz rejoins the group, and convinces Woody, who had been worried about Andy growing up and had considered going to Japan, that it would be better to come home  Woody invites the other Roundup toys to come with them; Jessie and Bullseye agree, but Stinky Pete refuses and locks them in (and Buzz out) when they try to escape  Al reappears and takes Woody and the Roundup toys to the airport  Andy's Buzz and Utility Belt Buzz pursue Al into the elevator shaft with the other toys  Zurg confronts them, and he reveals he is Utility Belt Buzz's father  Rex accidentally knocks him down the elevator shaft 
Utility Belt Buzz stays behind with a reformed Zurg, while Andy's Buzz and the other toys steal a Pizza Planet truck and drive to the airport  Andy's Buzz stands on a pizza box and operating the steering wheel  At the airport, they subdue Stinky Pete and rescue Woody and Bullseye in the baggage handling system  Buzz and Woody ride Bullseye onto the runway to rescue Jessie from the airplane before it takes off for Japan  The toys all return home in a stolen baggage cart 
By the end of the film, Buzz has developed a crush on Jessie  He and Woody decide not to worry about Andy growing up, as they will always have each other as friends for "infinity and beyond" 

Toy Story 3
In the animated film Toy Story 3, Woody, Buzz, and the other toys accidentally end up in a daycare center after Andy's mother mistakes them for trash while Andy is packing for college  Woody unsuccessfully tries to convince the other toys it was a mistake  Buzz, who was going to be put in the attic with most of Andy's other toys, decides the best thing the toys can do is to stay together at the daycare  This causes Woody to strike out on his own in search of Andy, who had earlier faced a difficult decision as to whether to take Woody or Buzz with him to college 
Meanwhile, Andy's toys are greeted by Lots-o’-Huggin' Bear (Lotso for short), who is seemingly the leader of the daycare toys  He assigns them to the Caterpillar Room, where they are subjected to a very rough playtime by children far too young to play safely with toys like them  At the behest of the other toys, Buzz finds Lotso to kindly request a transfer to the Butterfly Room if possible  When Buzz rejects Lotso's offer to join his gang upon hearing his friends couldn't be involved, Lotso orders his henchmen to switch Buzz to "demo" mode 
In the state, Buzz's memories and original personality appear to be erased; his space ranger delusions from the first film return  Lotso takes the opportunity to make Buzz think Andy's toys are minions of Zurg  The brainwashed Buzz angrily imprisons his friends when they attempt to escape; tasked to watch over the "prisoners" every night  Woody, now aware of the truth behind Lotso, returns to Sunnyside  Andy's toys subdue Buzz attempting to restore his memories, but accidentally reset him to his "Spanish Mode", confusing many characters and resulting in many comedic character changes for the audience 
Buzz still believes he is a real space ranger and still does not have his memories  Woody manages to convince him Andy's toys are his "amigos"  The Spanish Buzz helps the toys escape Sunnyside; making no secret of his love for Jessie  Lotso confronts them as they reach the dumpster outside the daycare  In the ensuing altercation, Lotso and all of Andy's toys are dumped into a garbage truck  Buzz heroically rescues Jessie from getting buried in trash, but ends up crushed by a broken TV  Jessie breaks down in tears over Buzz's "dead" body, only for Buzz to awaken unharmed with his normal personality/memories restored(albeit with no recollection of the events that occurred during his brainwashing and Spanish Mode) 
At the landfill, they toys are pushed onto a conveyor belt  Buzz and Woody rescue Lotso from a shredder and help him reach an emergency stop button  Lotso abandons them, however, and they fall into an incinerator  Buzz and Jessie join hands and face the approaching fire, prompting everyone else to do the same  The three toy aliens operating a claw rescue them, and they make their way home  Andy donates them all to a little girl Woody met at the daycare, Bonnie  When introducing Buzz, Andy describes him as "the coolest toy ever"  As the toys settle in at Bonnie's house, Buzz finds himself performing a romantic paso doble with Jessie to the Spanish version of "You've Got a Friend in Me" as the film ends; much to the amusement of the other toys 

Toy Story 4
In the animated film Toy Story 4, Buzz plays a significantly smaller role since the film is centered on Woody, Bo, and a host of new characters  He still acts as Woody's moral support, and tries to comfort Woody when he begins to sense Bonnie is no longer interested in Woody  Buzz also learns about the "inner voice", but mistakenly believes the term refers to his button-activated voice box and catchphrases  He spends much of the film using said voice box to guide him as to what he must do next 
When Woody and Bonnie's new favorite toy, Forky, are separated from the group during an RV trip, Buzz, guided by his "inner voice", pursues them into a carnival  He is captured by a vendor and put up with other toys as a potential prize at a game, where he encounters conjoined plushies Bunny and Ducky  Bunny and Ducky are initially antagonistic, as they believe Buzz has come to lower their chances of ever being won and owned by a kid  The two refuse to listen to his explanations, and become further enraged when Buzz frees them and himself from the game  Thinking they will now never be owned, they pursue and attack a bewildered Buzz, until Woody, who has now met up with Bo Peep and rejoined Buzz, offers to take the two plushies to Bonnie after Forky is rescued 
Buzz, Bunny, and Ducky join forces, and are tasked with retrieving keys from an antique store owner to free Forky, who is trapped inside the store  They succeed, but the mission to rescue Forky fails because of the antique store owner's cat  After Woody and Bo have a falling-out, Buzz's inner voice guides him to rejoin Andy's toys, which he does  Later, Forky is freed by Woody and reports that Woody and several other toys need rescuing - Buzz, Jessie, and the others take over the controls of the RV and force Bonnie's dad to drive it back to the carnival 
Woody and Buzz meet up at a carousel, and Buzz notices that Woody is feeling heartbroken about having to part ways with Bo Peep again  Buzz suggests that Woody stay behind to be with Bo, knowing that Bonnie will be okay even without him  Knowing that this might be the last time they will see each other, they share a final goodbye hug, part ways, and exchange their last words of dialogue from afar  Buzz says "to infinity   ", and Woody completes the sentence with "   and beyond "

Toy Story 5
Buzz is set to appear in Toy Story 5 and will once again be voiced by Tim Allen 

Buzz Lightyear, Space Ranger
Buzz Lightyear of Star Command
In the television series Buzz Lightyear of Star Command, Buzz Lightyear is a Space Ranger working for Star Command, protecting the universe from Evil Emperor Zurg  He works in a team alongside Mira Nova, a princess; Booster, a janitor; and XR, a robot  This version of Buzz Lightyear has a different personality from the one in Toy Story  Buzz Lightyear also has had many love interests on the show  He once had a friend and partner named Warp Darkmatter, however, he later joined Evil Emperor Zurg and became his primary agent  Buzz Lightyear also seems to never take off the purple headwear that he has with his Space Ranger uniform  Aside from his regular catchphrase, he has a habit of telling villains that "Evil never wins!"

Lightyear
In the Toy Story universe, The 2022 animated film Lightyear is the origin of the character on which the Buzz Lightyear of Star Command toy line was based  The film, which was directed by Angus MacLane, tells the story of young astronaut Buzz Lightyear, who, after being marooned on a hostile planet with his commander and crew, tries to find a way back home while confronting a threat to the universe's safety  Buzz was confirmed to be voiced by Chris Evans and the film was released on June 17, 2022 

Other appearances
Buzz Lightyear, voiced by Pat Fraley, appears in the computer games Disney's Animated Storybook: Toy Story and Disney's Activity Center: Toy Story, both released in 1996  A Buzz Lightyear toy also appears in Pixar's 2003 film Finding Nemo  He also appeared as a car in Pixar's 2006 movie, Cars, along with Woody and Hamm  He is also seen in the Toy Story Treats realised in 1996 and all three Toy Story Toons episodes Hawaiian Vacation, Small Fry, and Partysaurus Rex, and the two specials: Toy Story of Terror! and Toy Story That Time Forgot 
Buzz was also in the 2008 Disney film Bedtime Stories and the 2010 Disney film The Sorcerer's Apprentice  Buzz Lightyear and Woody appear as piñatas in Pixar's 2017 film Coco  Woody and Buzz appeared in the 2019 video game Kingdom Hearts III as guest party members, where Buzz gains the ability to use his laser  He is also able to fly as his fictional counterpart without knowing during a Keyblade war crisis across dimensions  Woody eventually recalls him back to normal reality 

Buzz Lightyear is a meetable character at all of the Disney Parks and Resorts, located in Tomorrowland and in Toy Story Land  He is often accompanied by the Aliens  Tim Allen reprised his role using one of his archival recordings in the 2018 Walt Disney Animation Studios film Ralph Breaks the Internet, where he repeated his famous catchphrase 

Merchandise
In 1995, Thinkway Toys introduced a 12-inch-tall Buzz Lightyear figure The figure was subject to mass sales in the Christmas after the film's release, mainly in the United States and the United Kingdom  In 1995, Thinkway did not think that Toy Story would be that popular and hence did not make enough dolls to meet demand, as referenced in Toy Story 2  Originally, Tim Allen's voice was on the action figure, but later models feature a voice actor who sounds similar to Allen In October 2009 and 2010, to coincide with Toy Story's 3-D re-release and the release of Toy Story 3 respectively, Thinkway Toys released a replica Buzz Lightyear figure based on the figure in the Toy Story movies as part of their Toy Story Collection series of toys and Disney released their own version of a replica Buzz Lightyear figure  Both Buzz Lightyears were much more accurately detailed than the other Buzz Lightyear figures and both had features similar to the figure seen in the movie with similar pop-out wings complete with blinking lights at the wingtips, laser, wrist communicator and the two figures had over 65 and 30 phrases with an original voice respectively  However, the Thinkway Toys figure lacks the karate chop action, while the Disney Store version has it  Only the Thinkway Toys figure comes with a Certificate of Authenticity and both come packaged in the spaceship packaging as seen in the movies  Another 2009 Buzz Lightyear figure by Thinkway Toys included the utility belt from Toy Story 2 

In May 2008, NASA and Disney announced that an original Thinkway Toys Buzz Lightyear action figure would fly aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery on mission STS-124  The 12-inch toy was to remain on the International Space Station (ISS) for six months, where it would take part in an experiment and appear in a video downlink from space whilst the Space Shuttle delivers the largest module of the space station – Kibō, the Japanese Experiment Module pressurized section  The flight was arranged as part of the Toys in Space program that began in 1985 The mission launched with Buzz Lightyear aboard on May 31, 2008, to celebrate the opening of Toy Story Midway Mania! at Disney's Hollywood Studios and Disney California Adventure Park theme parks, with the ultimate destination of the ISS  The action figure "ate" dinner with the 10 astronauts and cosmonauts and was seen peering out a window aboard the ISS  The action figure stayed aboard the space station for a period of six months as part of the toys-in-space educational program The action figure returned from the space station on September 11, 2009, aboard mission STS-128 In 2009, Lego began releasing its Lego Toy Story line, which included a 205-piece Buzz Lightyear action figure  When the figure is completely built, it has an articulating head, arms, hands, torso, legs, feet, wings, and visor  Lego also created a Buzz Lightyear minifigure  In 2016 a new version of Buzz Lightyear was created for the Lego minifigures Disney series  This minifigure featured new prints for the legs and arms of the minifigure and removed the Star Command logo from the chest of the torso piece  A simpler version of this minifigure appeared in the Toy Story 4 line, with the Star Command logo reinstated but without prints on the arms or side of the legs  Two new minifigures were made for the spin off movie Lightyear with two sets featuring his regular space suit, with one set including an alternate head and hairpiece included to have him unmasked, and a third including one of him in the orange and gray suit he wears at the beginning of the film 

Reception and legacy
Buzz can be considered a pop culture icon  In October 2007, readers of Empire voted Buzz No  1 of the Top 20 Greatest Pixar Characters  They also rated him the 94th greatest movie character of all time Buzz Lightyear's classic line "To Infinity    and Beyond!" has seen usage not only on T-shirts but among philosophers and mathematical theorists as well  A book about the history of infinity from 1991 (4 years before Toy Story), by Eli Maor, uses the phrase for its title  Lucia Hall of The Humanist linked the film's plot to an interpretation of humanism  She compared the phrase to "All this and heaven, too!", indicating one who is happy with a life on Earth as well as having an afterlife  The 2008 quadruple platinum song "Single Ladies" by Beyoncé includes the lyric "   and delivers me to a destiny, to infinity and beyond " Astronauts used the phrase while sending the Buzz Lightyear figure into space  The action figure was used for experiments in zero-g  Also in 2008, the phrase made international news when it was reported that a father and son had continually repeated the phrase to help them keep track of each other while treading water for 15 hours in the Atlantic Ocean Buzz Lightyear himself was mentioned in the 2012 song "Boyfriend" by Canadian pop star Justin Bieber, for instance, in the lyric "I can be your Buzz Lightyear, fly across the globe "
The first stable public release of the Debian project used the name "Buzz" as the codename for the version 1 1 

See also
Buzz Lightyear's Space Ranger Spin
List of Toy Story characters



ground_truth: Denver

Denver, Colorado

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What mythology is the city where Eutychides was born in a part of?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: Passage 1:
Ann Peoples
Ann Elizabeth Peoples (née Murphy; January 31, 1947 – November 12, 2019) was an American politician from Maine  A Democrat, Peoples was elected for the third time in 2010 to represent part of Westbrook, Cumberland County  She also has served on the Westbrook City Council and Planning Board Peoples was unable to seek re-election to the Maine House of Representatives for a 5th consecutive term in 2014 due to term-limits  She was replaced by fellow Democrat Dillon Bates  Bates resigned from the seat in September 2018  Peoples was elected again to the Maine House in November 2018, defeating Republican Jim Borque Peoples died on November 12, 2019 
Passage 2:
Nicholas Girod
Nicolas Girod (French spelling) or Nicholas Girod (April 1751—September 1840) was the fifth mayor of New Orleans, from late in 1812 to September 4, 1815  He was the first mayor of the city after Louisiana entered into the Union as a state 

Biography
Nicolas Girod, born into a prominent family in Savoy, migrated to Spanish Louisiana in the late 1770s with brother Claude François (1752-1813) and brother-in-law Andre-Marie Quetant and was later joined by brother Jean François (1773-1850)  He prospered as a commission merchant and owner of extensive property in New Orleans, especially in the American quarter  They conducted commercial enterprises with area planters in what was known as the commission or factorage business  The Girods kept a wholesale and retail store in the vicinity of the levee landing, which in later years was transferred to the building at the corner of Chartres and St  Louis streets  He owned a large number of properties in the area of today's Central Business District, in the vicinity of Girod Street In 1812, He was the first regularly-elected mayor of New Orleans after Louisiana's admission to the Union  He was initially elected on September 21, 1812  Girod took office on November 5 of that year and served until September 4, 1814; at which date he was re-elected, resigning on September 4, 1815  He was briefly out of office in his first year, most likely due to illness, before retaking his position 
It was during his time in office that The War of 1812 broke out, and he prepared the city to defend itself against a British invasion force  He welcomed in General Andrew Jackson who declared martial law upon entering New Orleans in December 1814, having marched overland from present-day southern Alabama and then crossing Lake Pontchartrain  He ruled over the city until ending martial law in March 1815  After the Battle of New Orleans, Girod retired from politics and returned to manage his many businesses Girod was a noted philanthropist  Among other provisions in his 1837 holographic will, he left a bon (obligation) of $100,000 to be applied to the construction of a facility in Orleans Parish for the housing and care of Louisiana's French orphans  Other institutions and individuals were recipients under this will, including Charity Hospital, $30,000 Nicolas Girod died on September 1, 1840, at his home located on the corner of Chartres and St  Louis streets  Both New Orleans and Mandeville, Louisiana, have a Girod Street, named in Nicolas Girod's honor  He never married and had no children 

Plot to free Napoleon
New Orleans was full of excitement in the spring of 1821 when Girod remodeled and furnished a house he owned on Chartres Street, that he inherited from Claude Francois Girod, which is now known as the Napoleon house  Girod was one of the prominent financial sponsors of a plan to rescue Napoleon Bonaparte from his exile in Saint Helena, and bring him back to live in New Orleans at the Napoleon house  The ship Seraphine was constructed and would sail out on its mission commanded by Capt  Bossier and Louisiana pirate Dominique You  The expedition set sail, but returned when signaled by a French merchantman that Napoleon had died May 5, 1821 

See also
Battle of New Orleans
Napoleon House
Girod Street Cemetery
Passage 3:
Pete Harman
Leon Weston "Pete" Harman (January 16, 1919 – November 19, 2014) was an American businessman best known for having struck a deal with Colonel Harland Sanders to open the first KFC franchise  Located in Salt Lake City, Utah, Harman's location opened for business in August 1952 

Early life
Harman was born in 1919 in Granger, now a part of West Valley City, a suburb of Salt Lake City, Utah to David Reese Harman (1874–1924) and Grace May Hemenway (1879–1919)   Harman was the youngest of 14 children in a Latter-day Saint family  Harman's mother died two days after he was born, and his father later married Caroline Hemenway Harman, the widow of Pete's uncle  Harman was a major donor to the construction of the Caroline Hemenway Harman Continuing Education Building at Brigham Young University, named after his step-mother Harman and his wife, Arline, opened their first restaurant, The Do Drop Inn, with two employees in 1941  They had met in the 1930s while both employees at the same restaurant in San Francisco, California, and married in 1938 

Career
Harman worked with Colonel Sanders to develop and prepare the KFC system for franchising, working to develop training manuals and product guides  His other claims to fame are the development of the bucket packaging and the emphasis on the "Finger-lickin' good" motto 
In 1990 the International Foodservice Manufacturer Association recognized Harman's achievements with its Gold Plate Award  At the time of the award the Harman Management Corp  of Los Altos, California, employed over 4,000 people and operated 238 KFC stores in four states  Credit for his success was given to his enlightened practices towards his staff including stock purchase schemes 
His original KFC building was demolished in 2004 to make way for a museum and an updated restaurant  Harman relocated to Los Altos, California as the scope of his business expanded in the 1960s  He lived there until his death on November 19, 2014, at 95 years old 
Passage 4:
Ufuoma McDermott
Ufuoma Stacey McDermott (née Ejenobor  oo-FOH-mə EJ-ə-nə-bor; born 23 April 1981) is a Nigerian film-maker, actress and former model 

Early life
Ejenobor was born in Benin City to Nigerian parents of Urhobo descent who hails from Delta State in Nigeria  She moved a lot - from Benin City to Jos, where she spent the better part of her toddler years, and later to Lagos, where she has lived for the greater part of her life and still resides till date  At the age of seven, her father coined a pet name for her: ISIO (which means "star" in Urhobo)  She was so named after the star actress of the TELEFEST programme put together by NTA Benin, The Pot of Life 

Personal life
Ejenobor got married on 23 April 2010 to Steven McDermott 
She officially changed her name to Ufuoma McDermott on 23 May 2014 at a Lagos high court 

Education
She went through Alama Private School Jos, Plateau state, Tunwase Nursery and primary school Ikeja, Lagos and finally Molly International Nursery and primary Ajao Estate for her nursery and primary education  She then attended Federal Government College, Odogbolu, Ogun State for her secondary education 
Ufuoma later bagged a degree in French language from the University of Lagos where she partook in a Federal Government scholarship holiday programme  She also has certificates and diplomas from Alliance Française and NIIT  She holds a master's degree in Public and International Affairs, also from the University of Lagos In 2011, she attended New York Film Academy in Los Angeles for an acting course and later on a film making course from Dov Simen's Hollywood Film Institute  In 2013, she obtained a certificate in Human resource management from the London Business School In Summer 2015, she was part of the Relativity Education program from Nigeria, owned by Relativity Media in Beverly Hills 

Entertainment
She started a career in entertainment with modelling in 2000 as a photographic model and later moved on to the runway and beauty pageants 

Pageants
By 2002, she had participated in two mini-pageants, won the Miss Ebony beauty pageant and partaken in her first national pageant: Miss Commonwealth(Vanessa Ekeke), where she won the Miss Congeniality prize  Later the same year, she emerged 1st runner up in the queen Afrik beauty pageant (Tamilore Kuboye) 
2003 saw her in the Queen of all Nations beauty pageant (Dubra Fufeyin) where she was again the 1st runner up 
In 2004 she contested in the Miss Nigeria beauty pageant where she emerged    yet, 1st runner up  Not long after she was crowned Miss Earth Nigeria and consequently went to represent the country at the Miss Earth 2004

Film
In February 2004, Ejenobor decided on a movie career  Starting off with Zeb Ejiro's The President Must Not Die, she has continued to have roles in movies  In May 2005, she played her first lead role in Life and Death, her third movie after The President Must Not Die and Guy on the Line  By December 2005, she played Chibuzor on the Edge of Paradise TV series produced by Royal Roots network 

In 2008 she took on the role of "Lillian Wright" in the TV series My Mum and I a role that garnered her a nomination for a best actress award at the 2010 Festival de Télévision de Monte-Carlo and one at The Terracotta Nigerian TV and Film Awards  She was nominated as the Actor of the year 2011 at the Future Awards

Stage
In January 2018, McDermott reprised her roles as "Mama Baby", "Women Call Leader" and "Sister Esther" in the stage production Hear Word!, which returned for the second year in a row to Harvard and was staged at the prestigious American Repertory theatre in Cambridge, Massachusetts, U SA  The production covers various themes, which address issues against women in the society  The play, which made its debut in Lagos, Nigeria in 2014, also features the acting talents of Joke Silva, Taiwo Ajayi-Lycett, Elvina Ibru and Bimbo Akintola Hear Word! featured at the Edinburgh International Festival in August 2019, and McDermott, Joke Silva, Taiwo Ajayi-Lycett and other cast members performed at the Royal Lyceum, in Edinburgh, Scotland  The Guardian UK, in its review of the show described it as "at once tough and inspirational", giving the play a three-star out of five 

The USM Show with Ufuoma McDermott
In July 2019, McDermott put together a live-theater experience at the Eko Hotel and Towers in Lagos, tagged "The USM Show with Ufuoma McDermott"  The event was a potpourri of live music, dance performances and a debut of her stage production "The Magic of a Dream" The Magic of a Dream was directed by Toritseju Ejoh and featured acting performances from several notable Nigerian thespians including Femi Branch, Chioma Akpotha, Offiong Anthony (Thin Tall Tony), Akah Nnani and Zara Udofia-Ejoh  The USM Show also featured live musical and comedy performances from a range of Nigerian entertainers, including, Teni the entertainer, Seyi Law and MC Abbey 

Movie Directing/Production
At the premiere of her movie directorial debut, McDermott revealed that she had begun writing the story for the film Christmas is Coming in 2013  The movie was however released in November 2017 ahead of the Christmas holidays In 2018, she earned her sophomore production credit with the release of What Just Happened in cinemas across Nigeria 

Recognition
Best Actress in a TV series Nominee - Nigeria Entertainment Awards 2011
Actor of the Year 2011 Nominee- The Future Awards
Best Actress nominee - Golden Nymph Awards 2010 (Monte Carlo Television Festival)
Best Actress in a Drama series nominee, Terracotta TV and Film Awards
Go Red Africa, Best Female Model, 2007
African Youth Society, Role Model Award, 2009
Represented Nigeria at the Miss Earth 2004 beauty pageant
McDermott was a speaker at TEDx Rayfield, which held in December 2017Pageant

Ufuoma also received a Golden Nymph Best Actress nomination at the 2010 Monte Carlo Television Festival alongside Tina Fey, Jane Krakowski and January Jones 

Awards
Filmography
Passage 5:
Evrenli
Evrenli is a village in the Mersin Province, Turkey  It is part of Toroslar district (a part of Greater Mersin)  Evrenli at 36°56′N 34°35′E  is to the north of the Mersin city center and the  distance to the city center is 18 kilometres (11 mi)  The population of the village was 225  as of 2012 
Passage 6:
Bloomingdale, Georgia
Bloomingdale is a city in Chatham County, Georgia, United States  As of the 2020 census, the city had a population of 2,790  It is part of the Savannah Metropolitan Statistical Area 

Geography
Bloomingdale is located along the northwestern border of Chatham County at 32°7′27″N 81°18′26″W (32 124122, -81 307211)  It is bordered to the northeast by Port Wentworth, to the east by Pooler, to the south by a western portion of Savannah, and to the northwest by Effingham County  U S  Route 80 runs east–west through the center of Bloomingdale, and Interstate 16 runs parallel to it through the southern part of the city, with access from Exit 152  Both highways lead east 13 miles (21 km) to downtown Savannah 
According to the United States Census Bureau, Bloomingdale has a total area of 14 0 square miles (36 3 km2), of which 12 8 square miles (33 1 km2) is land and 1 2 square miles (3 2 km2), or 8 90%, is water 

Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 2,790 people, 1,272 households, and 791 families residing in the city 

2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 2,713 people, 1,001 households, and 752 families residing in the city   The population density was 193 6 inhabitants per square mile (74 7/km2)   There were 1,141 housing units at an average density of 81 4 per square mile (31 4/km2)   The racial makeup of the city was 89 0% White, 8 0% African American, 1 5% Asian, 1 0% Native American, 1 7% from other races, and 1 8% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4 7% of the population 
There were 1,141 households, out of which 30 1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 53 8% were married couples living together, 12 9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27 8% were non-families  22 9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 2 63 and the average family size was 3 05 
In the city, the population was spread out, with 23 8% under the age of 18, 8 3% from 18 to 24, 27 4% from 25 to 44, 27 9% from 45 to 64, and 12 7% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 37 4 years  For every 100 females, there were 104 1 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $51,510, and the median income for a family was $55,950  Males had a median income of $37,404 versus $22,409 for females  The per capita income for the city was $22,030   About 3 8% of families and 8 0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5 0% of those under age 18 and 21 2% of those age 65 or over 
Passage 7:
Portage, Wisconsin
Portage is a city in and the county seat of Columbia County, Wisconsin, United States  The population was 10,581 at the 2020 census, making it the largest city in Columbia County  The city is part of the Madison Metropolitan Statistical Area 
Portage was named for the Fox-Wisconsin Waterway, a portage between the Fox River and the Wisconsin River, which was recognized by Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet during their discovery of a route to the Mississippi River in 1673  The city's slogan is "Where the North Begins "

History
The Native American tribes that once lived here, and later the European traders and settlers, took advantage of the lowlands between the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers as a natural "portage"  This is reflected in indigenous names for the town, such as the Menominee name Kahkāmohnakaneh, which means "at the short cut"  In May 1673, Jacques Marquette joined the expedition of Louis Jolliet, a French-Canadian explorer, to find the Mississippi River  They departed from St  Ignace on May 17, with two canoes and five voyageurs of French-Indian ancestry (Métis)  They followed Lake Michigan to Green Bay and up the Fox River, nearly to its headwaters  From there, they were told to portage their canoes a distance of slightly less than two miles through marsh and oak plains to the Wisconsin River  Later, French fur traders described the place as "le portage", which eventually lent itself to the name of the community  As a portage, this community developed as a center of commerce and trade; later, a canal was constructed to facilitate this trade  When the railroads came through, the community continued in this role 
Portage emerged at this place because of its unique position along the one and a half mile strip of marshy floodplain between the Fox and Wisconsin Rivers  By the end of the 17th century, the Fox-Wisconsin waterway, linked at The Portage, served as the major fur trade thoroughfare between Green Bay and Prairie du Chien  It was not until the 1780s and 1790s that traders built their posts and warehouses at each end of The Portage   In the early 19th century Portage was primarily populated by Métis   In 1828, the federal government recognized the strategic economic importance of The Portage and built Fort Winnebago at the Fox River end  After 15 years of controversy, Winnebago settlement (now Portage) won the county seat in 1851   The community incorporated as Portage City in 1854 
The Portage business district lies along a hill that overlooks the Portage Canal  The buildings now in the city's downtown were once part of a bustling, urban commercial center serving a large region across north central Wisconsin  The building of the city paralleled its commercial prominence between the end of the American Civil War and the second decade of the 20th century 

Historic sites
Fort Winnebago Surgeon's Quarters Historic Site
Fox-Wisconsin Portage Site
Henry Merrell House
Old Indian Agency House
Portage Industrial Waterfront Historic District
Portage Retail Historic District
Zona Gale House
Museum at the Portage
Wisconsin American Legion Museum and Learning Center
Portage Canal Society
Historic Portage Canal
World War II History Museum
Wisconsin State Historical Markers in PortageFort Winnebago Surgeon's Quarters Historic Site
Frederick Jackson Turner
Jacques Marquette
Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet
Ketchum's Point
Potter's Emigration Society
Society Hill Historic District
Zona Gale
Veterans memorials
Revolutionary War Veteran (Cooper Pixley and Alexander Porter)
To Honor Pierre Pauquette
To the Memory of Our Historic Dead
Daughters of the American Revolution Historic MarkersSite of Fort Winnebago / Surrender of Red Bird
Pierre Pauquette and East End of Wauona Trail
Landing Place of the Ferry Built by Pierre Pauquette

Geography
Portage lies in the Wisconsin River valley  The city is surrounded by prairies and grasslands  Approximately three miles (5 km) west of the city are the Baraboo bluffs   According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 9 62 square miles (24 92 km2), of which, 8 82 square miles (22 84 km2) is land and 0 80 square miles (2 07 km2) is water  The location of the town at the split of the Wisconsin and Fox river is what gives it the name "Portage", which means carrying a boat of its cargo between two navigable waters  In addition to the rivers, the city has access to Swan Lake and Silver Lake 

Cityscape
When Portage was first established, the streets were laid out on a traditional grid system  Today, the streets of the outlying city are contorted as a result of the many marshes and lowlands that run through much of Columbia County  The northern side of the city thus looks different from the central city, with the organized grid street system giving way to a more suburban streetscape with a lower housing density 
The city has two commercial areas  One is the downtown historic district, which features several small boutique shops and restaurants; the other is the Northridge commercial area that features big box stores  In the summer of 2007, the Portage Canal was cleaned up and now features a bike path that runs alongside part of it  In the summer of 2008, the main downtown street was redone  Historical landmarks of the city include the Museum at the Portage, the Indian Agency house, and the Surgeons Quarters 

Climate
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 10,324 people, 4,060 households, and 2,349 families living in the city  The population density was 1,170 5 inhabitants per square mile (451 9/km2)  There were 4,493 housing units at an average density of 509 4 per square mile (196 7/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 90 9% White, 5 0% African American, 0 9% Native American, 0 8% Asian, 0 7% from other races, and 1 6% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4 0% of the population 
There were 4,060 households, of which 31 0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40 5% were married couples living together, 11 9% had a female householder with no husband present, 5 4% had a male householder with no wife present, and 42 1% were non-families  34 8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 27 and the average family size was 2 90 
The median age in the city was 37 2 years  22 1% of residents were under the age of 18; 8 6% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 30 6% were from 25 to 44; 24 8% were from 45 to 64; and 13 9% were 65 years of age or older  The gender makeup of the city was 53 7% male and 46 3% female 

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,728 people, 3,770 households, and 2,228 families living in the city  The population density was 1,172 9 people per square mile (453 1/km2)  There were 3,970 housing units at an average density of 478 7 per square mile (184 9/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 92 76% European-American, 3 90% African American, 0 51% Native American, 0 71% Asian, 0 05% Pacific Islander, 0 85% from other races, and 1 21% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3 39% of the population 
There were 3,770 households, out of which 30 1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44 5% were married couples living together, 10 7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40 9% were non-families  34 5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 14 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 30 and the average family size was 2 96 
In the city, the population was spread out, with 23 3% under the age of 18, 10 6% from 18 to 24, 31 7% from 25 to 44, 19 3% from 45 to 64, and 15 2% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 36 years  For every 100 females, there were 106 1 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108 7 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $35,815, and the median income for a family was $44,804  Males had a median income of $33,158 versus $23,478 for females  The per capita income for the city was $18,039  About 4 6% of families and 7 2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7 5% of those under age 18 and 7 8% of those age 65 or over 

Education
Portage Community School District serves Portage 
Portage High School (Wisconsin) was recently upgraded to a larger building, with the older high school building now housing the Wayne E  Bartels Middle School  Portage has three elementary schools: John Muir, Woodridge, and Rusch  Three rural elementary schools serve three of the towns in Columbia County: Lewiston, Fort Winnebago, and Caledonia  There are also two private schools: St  John's Lutheran and St  Mary's Catholic Schools  The Madison Area Technical College, also has a campus located in Portage 
The Portage scheme of support for children with special educational needs was developed in the city 

Infrastructure
Corrections
Wisconsin Department of Corrections operates the Columbia Correctional Institution 

Transportation
Major highways
Three interstate highways, Interstate 94, Interstate 90, and Interstate 39 run past Portage, giving the city a 30-minute commute to Madison and 15-minute commute to Wisconsin Dells  The city also lies only a few hours from Milwaukee, Chicago, and Minneapolis/ Saint Paul, Minnesota 

Rail
Portage is served by Amtrak's Empire Builder between Chicago and Seattle or Portland, with a train stopping there in each direction every day  Freight railroad service is provided by the Canadian Pacific Railway which does business in the American Midwest as the Soo Line Railroad 

Portage (Amtrak station)

Intercity bus
Portage is served by intercity bus from Milwaukee via Madison and to Wisconsin Rapids via Stevens Point, with a bus stopping in each direction daily at the Portage station 
List of intercity bus stops in Wisconsin

Airport
Portage Municipal Airport (C47) serves the city and surrounding communities 

Notable people
Images
Passage 8:
Ian North
Ian North (March 24, 1952 – February 28, 2021) was an American musician, producer, and painter known for being part of the bohemian punk movement in United States with his power pop band Milk 'N' Cookies 

Early life and career
Ian North was born in Brooklyn, New York, United States  He grew up in Long Island  He received his first guitar at age 12, but being virtually tone deaf, could not play any songs other than those he composed  In 1970, he slowly started to get serious about his artwork 

Milk 'N' Cookies
In 1973, North formed a power pop and glam outfit called Milk 'N' Cookies along with Justin Strauss on vocals, Jay Weiss (replaced by Sal Maida, later in Roxy Music and Sparks) on bass and Mike Ruiz on drums (later in Paul Collins' Beat)  While the album's release was initially delayed and largely ignored upon release, it has subsequently become a cult classic  After its reissue in 2005, the band headlined the Radio Heartbeat festival in 2007 without North  As younger bands that now claim Milk 'n' Cookies as an influence have gained in popularity, like Nobunny and Cheap Time, the band has garnered even more attention  In 2016, Captured Tracks released a 3xLP Milk 'N' Cookies boxset which included a book of liners featuring notes by members of Sonic Youth, Ramones, and Blondie 

British punk and new wave scene: Radio and Neo
After the split of Milk 'N' Cookies, North moved to England and formed Radio with Sparks bassist Martin Gordon and the Simon brothers, Paul and Robert  That group transformed to Neo after Gordon's departure (he joined Radio Stars) and changed line-ups, with North being the only remaining member until 1979, when his visa ended and he returned to New York  The same year, twelve Neo tracks were released in Britain by Aura Records as a North solo album, titled Neo 

Return to US and solo career
Back in New York, North took to newly affordable synth technology and recording equipment, first on his debut full-length album as a solo artist, My Girlfriend's Dead, and then on his Rape of the Orchids EP  During this time he also produced material for The Fast; he also filled in as the band's bassist in the music videos for their songs "Kids Just Wanna Dance" and "Love Me Like a Locomotive"  From 1983 to 1993, North worked sporadically on the album Torch Songs & Arson  While the label originally slated to release the album folded in the decade over which it was created, it has since been made available for free download  In 2009, North ended the longest period of musical inactivity in his life, releasing the 12-song album, E Z Listening For Suicides, under the moniker "Darkjet" 

Death
North died in Sarasota Florida following complications from a heart attack on February 28, 2021  He is survived by his wife of 20 years, Mooshi Chapel and four children, including artist Sammy thrashLife 

See also
Milk 'N' Cookies
Neo
Passage 9:
Neuengasse
The Neuengasse is one of the streets in the Old City of Bern, the medieval city center of Bern, Switzerland   It is part of the Äussere Neustadt which was built during the third expansion of the city in 1344 to 1346  It runs from Waisenhausplatz in the east toward the main train station   It is part of the UNESCO Cultural World Heritage Site that encompasses the Old City 

History
The street has been known as Neuengasse since its construction in the 14th century when the 3rd city wall was built   The name Neuengasse means New Lane 
Passage 10:
Bissegem
Bissegem is a sub-municipality of the city of Kortrijk, Belgium  It is part of the urban area of this city  As of 2020 it had a population of 5,283 It also has a railway station, with trains to leper, Kortrijk, Dendermonde, Sint-Niklaas and Brussels 

Gallery
Passage 11:
Mounds View, Minnesota
Mounds View is a city in Ramsey County, Minnesota, United States  The population was 12,155 at the 2010 census  It is part of the Twin Cities Metropolitan Area 
U S  Highway 10, County Road 10, and Interstate Highway 35W are three of the main routes in the city 

Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 4 12 square miles (10 67 km2), of which 4 03 square miles (10 44 km2) is land and 0 09 square miles (0 23 km2) is water Rice Creek flows through the southeast part of Mounds View Nearby places include Shoreview, Arden Hills, New Brighton, Fridley, Spring Lake Park, and Blaine   The boundary line between Ramsey and Anoka counties is nearby 

History
The city of Mounds View was located in the former Mounds View Township, which was organized in 1858   In 1958, 100 years after Minnesota became a state, the village of Mounds View was incorporated   Post-World War II growth was partially fueled by the proximity of the Twin Cities Arsenal  Calvin Academy relocated to the area in 1999 
The city is primarily residential, with several business parks and businesses located in Mounds View   The bulk of businesses are located along the County Road 10 corridor, with most residential areas flanking it to the north and south   Some of the businesses include Multitech's headquarters, Liberty Checks and Sysco Distributing 
A petroleum pipeline exploded in Mounds View on July 8, 1986  Two-hundred people had to evacuate their homes and two people, a mother and her young daughter, were killed   The Office of Pipeline Safety was created in response to the tragedy 
In 2005, the Mounds View City Council voted to sell the city-owned golf course, "The Bridges of Mounds View", to Medtronic, Inc , to become its new campus  The new campus is located in the north east corner of the city and opened Fall of 2007 In June 2016, the Mounds View city council voted to change the name of County Road 10 to Mounds View Blvd for the city’s portion of the road 

Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 12,155 people, 4,954 households, and 3,236 families residing in the city  The population density was 3,016 1 inhabitants per square mile (1,164 5/km2)  There were 5,221 housing units at an average density of 1,295 5 per square mile (500 2/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 81 3% White, 5 5% African American, 0 8% Native American, 7 0% Asian, 0 1% Pacific Islander, 2 3% from other races, and 3 1% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5 0% of the population 
There were 4,954 households, of which 31 6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47 5% were married couples living together, 12 8% had a female householder with no husband present, 5 0% had a male householder with no wife present, and 34 7% were non-families  27 8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 45 and the average family size was 2 98 
The median age in the city was 37 8 years  23 1% of residents were under the age of 18; 8 8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27 9% were from 25 to 44; 27 6% were from 45 to 64; and 12 6% were 65 years of age or older  The gender makeup of the city was 50 1% male and 49 9% female 

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 12,738 people, 5,018 households, and 3,387 families residing in the city   The population density was 3,096 6 inhabitants per square mile (1,195 6/km2)   There were 5,130 housing units at an average density of 1,247 1 per square mile (481 5/km2)   The racial makeup of the city was 90 65% White, 2 40% African American, 0 66% Native American, 3 12% Asian, 0 05% Pacific Islander, 1 02% from other races, and 2 09% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2 62% of the population 
There were 5,018 households, out of which 33 5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50 8% were married couples living together, 12 2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32 5% were non-families  23 9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6 6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 2 53 and the average family size was 3 02 
In the city, the population was spread out, with 25 8% under the age of 18, 10 5% from 18 to 24, 32 4% from 25 to 44, 22 4% from 45 to 64, and 8 9% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 34 years  For every 100 females, there were 99 7 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 97 5 males 
The median income for a household in the city was $51,974, and the median income for a family was $60,685  Males had a median income of $37,418 versus $29,196 for females  The per capita income for the city was $24,271   About 4 4% of families and 5 9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 9 4% of those under age 18 and 5 2% of those age 65 or over 
Passage 12:
Tony Dale
Anthony William Dale, known as Tony Dale (born 1969) is a public servant from suburban Cedar Park, Texas, who is a Republican former member of the Texas House of Representatives from District 136 First elected in 2012, Dale was reelected to successive two-year terms in 2014 and 2016   House District 136 consists of the Williamson County portion of Austin, the City of Cedar Park, the City of Leander, North Austin MUD #1 (Rattan Creek), Block House Creek MUD, Brushy Creek MUD, Fern Bluff MUD and a small portion of Round Rock 

Background
Dale received a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from Ohio State University at Columbus in central Ohio  While at Ohio State, he was active in partisan politics and for a time was President of the Ohio State University College Republican Club and the state co-chairman of the Ohio College Republican Federation   He also worked at the Ohio Republican Party for four years as a college intern 
Dale is a US Army veteran and active member of the Texas State Guard   His military decorations include the Army Commendation Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, Army Achievement Medal, National Defense Service Ribbon, Army Service Ribbon, Texas Outstanding Service Medal, Texas Adjutant General's Individual Award, Texas State Guard Service Medal, Texas Cold War Service Medal, Texas Humanitarian Relief Ribbon, Commanding General's Individual Award (second award), Texas Faithful Service Medal, Texas State Guard Commendation Medal, Texas State Guard Achievement Medal, Texas State Guard Officer Professional Education Ribbon, State Guard Association of the United States Professional Development Medal, State Guard Association of the United States Meritorious Unit Award, Basic Parachutist Badge, Master Military Emergency Management Specialist Badge and Expert Marksman Badge and The Noble Patron of Armor Award  Dale is a charter member of the Hunter-Morris Memorial American Legion Post 911 in Cedar Park  Mrs  Dale was the 2014-2015 post commander  He is a Colonel in the Texas State Guard where he serves as the Operations and Plans Officer at Headquarters, Camp Mabry  In 2021 he was inducted into the Ohio State University Army ROTC Society Hall of Fame 
The former owner of a consulting company, Dale is a member of the Cedar Park Chamber of Commerce  
In 2020, Mary Lopez Dale was appointed by Governor Greg Abbott as a member of the Texas Veterans Commission  She is the past Chair of the Williamson County United Way  The Dales have been married over 30 years and they have two daughters  One is graduate of Leander ISD schools and the other attends school at LISD  They attend St  Vincent de Paul Roman Catholic Church in Austin 

Political life
From 2002 until 2009 Dale served as a precinct chairman for the Williamson County Republican Party   He also served in the capacity of election clerk and election judge From 2009 to 2012, Dale was a member of the Cedar Park City Council and for a year served as the mayor pro tem  Earlier, he was the secretary and later vice chairman of the Cedar Park Planning and Zoning Commission  As a member of the board of the Williamson County Conservation Foundation, he pushed for local control over federal regulations  He served too on the Cedar Park Charter Review Committee In 2014 Dale was unopposed in the Republican Primary   In the November 4, 2014 Dale received 20,862 (54 2 percent) and out paced his closest opponent by 13 1 percent  Democratic nominee John Bucy of Austin received 15,821 (41 1 percent) and Libertarian nominee Justin Billiot of Cedar Park received 1,811 (4 7 percent) In the 84th Legislative Session (2015-2016) Dale served on the house committees of (1) Homeland Security and Public Safety, (2) Energy Resources and (3) Local and Consent Calendar Committee   In the 85th Legislative Session (2017-2018) Dale served on (1) Environmental Regulation Committee and (2) Vice Chairman of the Juvenile Justice & Family Issues Committee and (3) House Select Committee on Cybersecurity  He was appointed as a member of the House Working Group to reform the Child Protective Service   He is a member of the House Working Group developing internal House policies on sexual harassment   He is the Chairman of the House Energy Caucus   In the 85th legislative session Dale served as Deputy Floor Leader for the Republican Caucus   He is on the board of directors of the Texas Conservative Coalition 
The Cedar Park Chamber of Commerce named Dale the 2017 Citizen of the Year   In 2018 Cedar Park Mayor Matt Powell presented Dale with the city's highest civilian honor by bestowing upon him a key to the city  In 2017, 2016, 2015 and 2013 the Hill Country News reader poll voted Dale the "Best Elected Official"  The Texas Conservative Coalition, a bipartisan group of legislators, named him a "Courageous Conservative" following the 83rd, 84th and 85th regular sessions  After the 84th session the Texas Right To Life rated him a 100%   The Combined Law Enforcement Associations of Texas (CLEAT) named him Freshman of the Year in 2013 " Following the 84th legislative session in 2015 the Combined Law Enforcement Associations of Texas named him, "Best of the House"  In 2015 he was elected to the Board of Directors of the Texas Conservative Coalition  In 2013 and 2015 the Texas Association of Business named him a "Champion For Free Enterprise"  The Texas Alliance for Life PAC endorsed his reelection in 2015/2016   In 2015 the Texas Conservative Roundtable named him an "Effective Conservative" 
Prior to the 2011 Egyptian Revolution he traveled to Amman, Jordan to train pro-democracy Egyptians on grassroots campaign tactics  This training was conducted on behalf of the International Republican Institute 

Legislative positions
During the 84th Regular Legislative Session (2015) Dale filed legislation to award the Texas Purple Heart Medal to the Fort Hood shooting victims of terrorist Nidal Hasan on 11/5/2009 (HB115)   He also filed legislation to require the use of E-Verify by all state agencies and public universities (HB183) and require the use of E-Verify by state contractors and subcontractors (HB889)   Dale filed HB861 to facilitate the prosecution of adults who solicit minors online for illicit sexual purposes His 2015 84th legislative session accomplishments also include: HB939 – Allows homeowners in HOAs to install standby generators  HB1446 – Allows sexual assault victims and stalking victims to get reimbursed by the crime victims fund    HB 1447 – streamlines protective orders for victims of sexual abuse, assault, stalking and trafficking   HB2604- Reduces red tape for police officers applying for a concealed handgun license (CHL)  HB4030 – Requires a complete background check prior to starting work as a private security licensee 
In the 84th session he also jointly authored of co-authored the following successful legislation: HB114 – Restricts the use of Capital Appreciation Bonds  HB505 – Removes limits on the number of dual-credit courses high school students may take  HB1286 – Enhanced penalties for injury to a child, elderly individual or disable person  HB1293 – Allows stalking victims to have confidentiality in court proceedings  HB1783 – Requires schools to reports crimes to police and not coerce employees to not report crimes  HB2339 – Allows customers to carry alcoholic beverages throughout all areas inside stadiums and arenas 
During the 85th session (2017) Dale authored legislation to target the teachers having inappropriate relationships with students   He authored additional child protection measures such as HB 1810 that allows for the prosecution of criminals possessing and publishing lewd visual images of children   He also passed legislation targeting online predators who blackmail individuals online using intimate images and videos   This crime known as 'sextortion" is a growing concern as reported by the National Center For Missing and Exploited Children"   The Speaker of the House appointed Dale to the House Working Group on Child Protective Service Reform   In that capacity Dale worked on legislation to transform and improve Texas' challenged child welfare system 

Interest group ratings
The Texas Association of Business scored him 93 percent for the 83rd session  The National Rifle Association scored Dale 92 percent following the 83rd session  Following the 84th session Texas Right to Life noted his score of 100%   Americans for Prosperity named him a Lone Star Leader with an A rating  Dale was in the top 24 most conservative House Members on Rice University Professor Mark Jones' 2017 Liberal-Conservative Ranking and Score of Texas House of Representatives 

Third term election in 2016
Dale won his third term in the House in the general election held on November 8, 2016  With 41,643 votes (55 percent), he defeated the Democrat Paul R  Gordon, who polled 34,077 (45 percent) 

2018 general election
Dale lost his bid for a fourth term in the general election held on November 6, 2018  He was unseated by the Democrat John Bucy III, who had lost the 2014 election to Dale: 41,485 votes (53 3) to 34,031 (43 8 percent)  The Libertarian Party choice, Zack Parks, held another 2,253 (2 9 percent) 
Passage 13:
Boriavi
Boriavi is a city in Anand district  in the state of Gujarat, India 

Demographics
As of 2001 India census, Boriavi had a population of 45,861  Males constitute 52% of the population and females 48%  Boriavi has an average literacy rate of 66%, higher than the national average of 59 5%; with male literacy of 77% and female literacy of 55%  13% of the population is under 6 years of age 
Boriavi is mainly known internationally for Mahatma Gandhiji's Dandiyatra as the town was visited and stayed overnight by all the Dandi members and that is the main cause for the Central Government to develop its roads, rail and businesses  The central government has given many projects for its development in education, roads and others  The town is the first for its RO mineral water plant in the total houses of Boriavi for all people 24 hours supplied by its Nagarpalika management 
Boriavi was internationally recognised in 1996-97 when the "Government of Canada" and "Government of India" decided to develop relations between two countries and ran students exchange program in which Canadian government had sent 24 high ranking students to live in sub part of India  At the time of calculating, 3 towns were selected in all over the country of India on the basis of culture, industries, people, education, sustainability, peace and wealth where " Boriavi " was placed into the selection and half of the international guests were stayed in the town for more than 3 months with some of the most prestigious residents of the town  Government of India have made a monument in Boriavi in the memory of relations of Canadian and Indian government 
Boriavi is very well developed for its education culture  It has very good schools and colleges for the surrounding area and the town of Vallabh Vidhyanagar, Anand and Nadiad have also attracted for its students to study in the community of Boriavi 
Every summer, the locals come together to celebrate the 'Batata Festival' when there are many rituals to celebrate the annual potato festival to symbolize fertility and prosperity 
Boriavi is considered as the part of Anand city and the region is very industry friendly  Also it has many industries in food, cement and agriculture  The land of Boriavi is under the " Vegetable Belt of India " and is one of the most prosperous town of India  Boriavi is also known for its unity of people  The overall wealth of Boriavi has attracted many investors from all over the country and that has given the chance to risen the prices of lands in the region  Many industries have their manufacturing and operating plants in the region 
The central government has given " National Research Center on Medicinal  and aromatic plants" funded by Indian Council of Agricultural Research and some subpart laboratories to the region of Boriavi 
Boriavi festivals are famous for its Diwali and Uttarayan (kite flying day) 
In Boriavi Transportation Facility is very good  N H no 8 and Indian Railway and also Anand -Nadiad Approach road facility in Boriavi  There are Many Big Cold storage located here 
Passage 14:
Adam Ravenstahl
Adam Ravenstahl (born November 9, 1984) is a former Democratic member of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives for the 20th District which includes the North Side, Strip District, Polish Hill, Stanton Heights, and Lawrenceville neighborhoods of the city of Pittsburgh, as well as parts of the suburbs of Reserve Township, Ross Township and West View Ravenstahl graduated from North Catholic High School in Pittsburgh, and then graduated from Robert Morris University with a degree in Business Management  After graduation, he was employed as a Business Analyst for UPMC Health Plan, while participating in numerous community activities, and served as a Democratic Committee Member 
He is a member of a prominent political family in Pittsburgh   He held the state house seat that was once held by his grandfather, Robert Ravenstahl   His elder brother is former Pittsburgh Mayor Luke Ravenstahl while his father, Robert Jr , is Magisterial District Judge of the city's 26th and 27th Wards 
Ravenstahl won a special election May 18, 2010 to become the state representative for the 20th District  In the June 2, 2020 Democratic primary election, Ravenstahl was defeated by attorney Emily Kinkead, receiving 45 2% of the vote 
Passage 15:
Sicyon (mythology)
In Greek mythology, Sicyon (; Ancient Greek: Σικυών) is the eponym of the polis of the same name, which was said to have previously been known as Aegiale and, earlier, Mecone 

Family
Sicyon's father is named variously as Marathon, Metion, Erechtheus or Pelops  He married Zeuxippe, the daughter of Lamedon, the previous king of the polis and region that would come to be named after him  They had a daughter Chthonophyle, who bore two sons: Polybus to Hermes and, later, Androdamas to Phlius, the son of Dionysus  However, in some accounts, Chthnophyle bore Phlius to Dionysus instead 

Mythology
Sicyon became the 19th king of Sicyonia after he was named as the successor of his father-in-law Lamedon  This was his reward after aiding the latter in his war against, Archander and Architeles, the sons of Achaeus  Sicyon reigned for 45 years and the kingdom was inherited by his son Polybus 

Notes
Passage 16:
John Wojcik
John Joseph Wojcik (born April 6, 1942) is an American former professional baseball player  He played parts of three seasons for the Kansas City Athletics of Major League Baseball, primarily as an outfielder 
Wojcik graduated from McKinley Vocational High School and Erie County Technical Institute where he played college baseball and college basketball Wojcik batted left-handed, threw right-handed, and was listed as 6 feet (1 8 m) tall and weighing 170 pounds (77 kg)  He was signed as an amateur free agent by the Athletics in 1961  He made his major league debut on September 9, 1962  In 148 career at bats, Wojcik collected 27 hits for a  218 batting average and had only four extra-base hits, all doubles 
Wojcik's professional baseball career ended in 1965 after five seasons 
Passage 17:
Joe Jones (baseball)
Joseph Carmack Jones (born December 13, 1941 in Lebanon, Tennessee) is an American retired professional baseball player, coach and manager   He spent all or parts of seven seasons in Major League Baseball as a coach for the Kansas City Royals (1987; 1992; 2005) and Pittsburgh Pirates (1997–2000) A second baseman during his active career, Jones stood 5 feet 9 inches (1 75 m) tall and weighed 155 pounds (70 kg); he threw and batted right-handed   He graduated from Southeastern High School, Detroit, Michigan, and played varsity baseball at the University of Michigan, where he earned a degree in education   He was signed by the Chicago White Sox in 1963 and played for seven seasons in the ChiSox' farm system, appearing in 813 minor league games, with 773 hits in 3,027 at bats for a career batting average of  255  He also pitched one inning for the Tidewater Tides in 1965, giving up one run for an earned run average of 9 00, but was credited with the win  Most of Jones' playing career occurred at the Class A level; he appeared in one game in Triple-A, for the 1967 Indianapolis Indians of the Pacific Coast League, batting five times with one hit, a single 
Jones then served as a minor league manager from 1970 through 1983, leaving the White Sox' organization for the Royals' system in 1979  His managerial record was 629 wins and 545 losses, for a  536 winning percentage in 1,178 games  Twelve of those 14 seasons were spent in the Rookie-level Gulf Coast League   From 1984–86, Jones was the Royals' field coordinator of minor league instruction, leading to the first of his three separate terms as a member of Kansas City's Major League coaching staff 
In 1987, Jones served as first-base coach for skippers Billy Gardner and John Wathan, then resumed his former role as field coordinator from 1988 through 1996—a nine-year tenure interrupted by service as interim bench coach in 1992 after Glenn Ezell required emergency surgery to repair an aneurysm    From 1997 through early June 2000, Jones was the first-base coach on the Major League staff of Pirates' manager Gene Lamont, a former colleague from the Royals' organization   But Jones was released, along with third-base coach Jack Lind, on June 5, 2000, during a shakeup of Lamont's top aides Jones then returned to the Royals in 2001 as coordinator of instruction, serving for four seasons in that role, until one final MLB term in 2005 as the Royals' first-base coach   He then worked as a special assistant for player development in the Royals' system in 2006–07 
Passage 18:
Eutychides
Eutychides  (Ancient Greek: Εὐτυχίδης, Eutukhídēs) of Sicyon in Corinthia, Greek sculptor of the early part of the 3rd century BC, was a pupil of Lysippus  His most noted work was a statue of the Tyche of Antioch, a goddess who embodied the idea of the then newly founded city of Antioch  The Tyche was seated on a rock, crowned with towers, and having the river Orontes at her feet  There is a small copy of the statue in the Vatican  It was imitated by a number of Asiatic cities; and indeed most statues since created that commemorate cities borrow something from the work of Eutychides At the invitation of king Areus, Eutychides spent some time in Sparta, where he made a statue of the Eurotas river, and perhaps another of a seated Herakles, in the 280s or 270s 

List of known works
Tyche of Antioch
Allegory of the Eurotas river, in Sparta
Allegory of the Nile
Allegory of the Orontes river
Herakles seated and reclining on his mace, in Sparta
Passage 19:
Metro Pino Suárez
Pino Suárez is a station on Line 1 and Line 2 of the Mexico City Metro system   It is located in the Cuauhtémoc borough of Mexico City, on the southern part of the city center  Starting 11 July 2022, the Line 1 station will remain closed for at least eight months for modernization work on the tunnel and the line's technical equipment 

Name and pictogram
The station is named after José María Pino Suárez, Vice President of Mexico during the term of Francisco I  Madero (1911–1913)   However, the station logo depicts a pyramid dedicated to Ehecatl, the Aztec god of wind   This pyramid was discovered in the early construction of the station and it can be seen on display along the main transfer corridor 

General information
The station is located at the intersection of José María Pino Suárez and José María Izazaga avenues in downtown Mexico City, a few blocks from the Zócalo 
The Ehecatl pyramid was found during the construction of the station in 1967  While excavating was unearthed a round-shaped altar and was decided to let the pyramid remains and allow the National Institute of Archeology and History (INAH) to preserve and maintain it This pyramid is the smallest archaeological zone in Mexico and is thought to have been part of a larger ceremonial center  The Ehecatl pyramid has 4 structural construction stages and it counts on a circular base that functioned as a pedestal for the deity placed at the top  Inside the pyramid have been found a few offerings 
Pino Suárez was opened on 5 September 1969  The station is an important link to the centre of the city  It was the first transfer station of the network and it connects the two busiest lines  Pino Suárez has many corridors, the most notable among them being the Pasaje Zócalo–Pino Suárez that connects with Metro Zócalo at the north side, filled with bookstores and a mini-cinema; other corridors have cultural displays and temporary exhibitions   The station also has an information desk 

Ridership
Exits
Line 1
North: Av  José María Izazaga and Av  José María Pino Suárez, Col  Centro
West: Av  José María Izazaga and Av  José María Pino Suárez, Col  Centro

Line 2
South: San Lucas street and Av  Fray Servando Teresa de Mier, Col  Centro
North: Av  José María Izazaga and Calzada San Antonio Abad, Col  Centro

Gallery
See also
List of Mexico City metro stations



ground_truth: Greek mythology

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What character in A League of their Own was played by the actress who played Thelma in the movie Thelma and Louise?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: Passage 1:
Sinead Farrelly
Sinead Louise Farrelly (born 16 November 1989) is a professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for NWSL team NJ/NY Gotham FC and the Republic of Ireland women's national team  Born and raised in the United States to an Irish father, she initially represented the country of birth at the youth international level before switching to represent the Republic of Ireland senior national team in 2023  She previously played for Boston Breakers of the National Women's Soccer League  In 2011, she played for the Philadelphia Independence of the WPS and was a member of the United States women's national under-23 team  She was selected by the Philadelphia Independence as the No  2 overall pick in the 2011 WPS Draft from University of Virginia  She was a MAC Hermann Trophy semifinalist in 2009 And 2010 

Early life
Born and raised in Havertown, Pennsylvania, Farrelly began playing soccer at the age of five  She attended Haverford High School where she was a four-time team MVP and earned First Team All All-Southeastern PA honors  She was named a 2006 NSCAA Youth All-American and ranked seventh as the nation's top recruit by SoccerBuzz 
Farrelly was a member of the Spirit United Gaels club that was the 2006 National Runner-Up and was played for the Region I Olympic Development Program (ODP) team  During her time with the Spirit United Gaels, the team was a US Youth Soccer National Finalist (2006), a USYS Regional Champions (2006), and a Two-Time State Champions (2005 & 2006  Her team's incredible run in 2006, although cut short by a loss to FC Wisconsin Eclipse in the National Championship in Des Moines, Iowa, won their head coach, Sean McCafferty, the 2006 EPYSA Girls' Coach of the Year Award and 2006 NSCAA Regional Youth Girls' Coach of the Year Award  The Gaels made it through to Regionals the next year on a wildcard after a tough loss to the FC Pennsylvania Strikers in the State Cup Final  Their Regionals drive did not finish as they would have aspired to, as they did not even make the final this year 

University of Virginia
Farrelly attended the University of Virginia and played for the Cavaliers in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC)  As a freshman in 2007, she started all 23 games and ranked third on the team with five goals (including three game-winners) and four assists  She was named First Team All-ACC, Second Team NSCAA All-Mid-Atlantic, and Top Drawer Soccer Co-National Rookie of the Year  During her sophomore season, she started all 23 games and ranked third on the team in scoring with five goals and three assists  She was named to the ACC All-Tournament Team, First Team All-ACC, and NSCAA and Soccer Buzz All Mid-Atlantic Region  As a junior, she started all 22 games and led the Cavaliers in scoring with eight goals and eight assists for a total of 24 points  She was named Second Team NSCAA All-America selection and was a MAC Hermann Trophy semifinalist  During her senior year, Farrelly was honored as the University of Virginia's top female athlete of 2010–11 after starting all 22 games and leading the Cavaliers with 12 goals and seven assists (for a total of 31 points)  She was named ACC Offensive Player of the Year and was a NSCAA First Team All-American  She earned her fourth straight All-ACC selection and was a MAC Hermann Trophy semifinalist for the second time Farrelly's 90 games started ranks her second to future FC Kansas City teammate, Becky Sauerbrunn in the school's history  She ranked eighth in school history with 84 points scored in her career and eighth for most in a season with 31 

Club career
Philadelphia Independence, 2011
Farrelly was the number two pick in the 2011 WPS Draft by the Philadelphia Independence  She tallied one goal and two assists for the Independence while starting in 13 of 14 games played (1101 minutes)  Her first WPS career goal occurred during a match against Western New York, which ended up being the game-winning goal and solidified a first place standing for the Independence in mid-July  The Independence would later come in second at the WPS Championship 

New York Fury, 2012
After the WPS suspended operations in early 2012, Farrelly signed with the New York Fury in the WPSL Elite 

Apollon Limassol, 2012–2013
Farrelly played for Apollon Limassol from 2012 to 2013 in the UEFA Women's Champions League  She made five starts in five games for the club and scored six goals  During this time  Farrelly broke her arm in their first leg of their first game of the Knockout Stage against ASD Torres CF 

FC Kansas City, 2013
In 2013, Farrelly signed with FC Kansas City for the inaugural season of the National Women's Soccer League  She scored her first goal for the club in a home match against Seattle Reign FC, helping the Blues notch their first win for the season 

Apollon Limassol, 2013–2014
At the end of the 2013 NWSL season, Farrelly joined Cypriot team Apollon Limassol for a second time, this time on loan from FC Kansas City  The loan spell will end on January 31, 2014 

Portland Thorns FC, 2014–2015
On January 13, 2014, Portland Thorns FC announced that they had obtained Farrelly from FC Kansas City in exchange for a second-round draft pick (16th pick overall) in the 2014 NWSL College Draft 

Boston Breakers, 2016
On October 26, 2015, Boston Breakers announced that they had obtained Farrelly from Portland Thorns FC in a package deal along with McCall Zerboni for first-round (No  2 overall) and second-round (No  20 overall) picks in the 2016 National Women's Soccer League College Draft  Farrelly sat the season out due to neck and back injuries sustained from a car crash In October 2016, Seattle Reign FC selected Farrelly off the NWSL Re-Entry Wire after the Breakers waived her at the end of the 2016 season  However, Farrelly announced her retirement on Facebook on December 2, 2016 

NJ/NY Gotham FC, 2023–
On 25 March 2023, over six years after her retirement from professional soccer, Farrelly signed for NJ/NY Gotham FC on a one-year contract with an option for 2024  She debuted with Gotham FC on 1 April 2023, as a 70th-minute substitute against OL Reign 

International career
Farrelly has represented the United States at the U-15, U-16, U-17, U-20, and U-23 levels In April 2023, Farrelly was called up to the Republic of Ireland national team for the first time  She earned her first senior international cap with Ireland on 8 April 2023, by starting and playing 60 minutes in a friendly against the United States senior team  In June 2023, Ireland called Farrelly up to its squad for the 2023 FIFA Women's World Cup 

International appearances
Personal life
During her career, Farrelly was closely connected to former women's soccer coach Paul Riley, playing for three of his teams in three different leagues  She publicly revealed accusations of sexual coercion against Riley for a 2021 story in The Athletic  Riley was fired from his position and both the NWSL and FIFA commenced investigations in the coming days 
Passage 2:
A League of Their Own
A League of Their Own is a 1992 American sports comedy-drama film directed by Penny Marshall that tells a fictionalized account of the real-life All-American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL)  It stars Tom Hanks, Geena Davis, Madonna, Lori Petty, Rosie O'Donnell, Jon Lovitz, David Strathairn, Garry Marshall and Bill Pullman  It was written by Lowell Ganz and Babaloo Mandel from a story by Kelly Candaele and Kim Wilson 
A League of Their Own was a critical and commercial success, grossing over $132 4 million worldwide and garnering acclaim for Marshall's direction and the performances of its ensemble cast  In 2012, the Library of Congress selected it for preservation in the United States National Film Registry as "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" 

Plot
In 1988, Dottie Hinson attends the opening of the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League exhibit at the Baseball Hall of Fame  She sees many former teammates and friends, prompting a flashback to 1943 
When World War II threatens to shut down Major League Baseball, Chicago Cubs owner Walter Harvey persuades his fellow owners to bankroll a women's league  Ira Lowenstein is put in charge  Scout Ernie Capadino attends an industrial-league softball game in Oregon and likes what he sees in Dottie, the catcher for a local dairy  She is not interested; she is happy with her life while waiting for her husband Bob to return from the war  Her younger sister Kit Keller, however, is desperate to get away and make something of herself  Capadino is unimpressed by Kit's batting and refuses to watch her pitch, but agrees to take her along if she changes Dottie's mind  Dottie agrees for her sister's sake 
Dottie and Kit travel to Harvey Field in Chicago for the tryout  They meet taxi dancer Mae "All the Way Mae" Mordabito and her best friend, bouncer Doris Murphy, soft-spoken right fielder Evelyn Gardner, illiterate left fielder Shirley Baker, pitcher/shortstop and former Miss Georgia beauty queen Ellen Sue Gotlander, left field/relief pitcher Betty "Spaghetti" Horn, second baseman Marla Hooch, first baseman Helen Haley, and Alice "Skeeter" Gaspers  They and five others constitute the Rockford Peaches, while 48 others make up the Racine Belles, Kenosha Comets, and South Bend Blue Sox 
The Peaches are managed by former star Cubs slugger Jimmy Dugan, a cynical alcoholic  He initially treats the whole thing as a joke, forcing Dottie to take over as on-field leader initially  Dugan is also abrasive toward his players  The team travels with Evelyn's spoiled bratty son Stillwell and tightly wound team chaperone Miss Cuthburt  With a Life magazine photographer in the stands, Lowenstein begs the players to do something spectacular, as the league has attracted little attention  Dottie obliges, catching a popped-up ball behind home plate while doing a split  The resulting photograph makes the magazine cover  A publicity campaign draws more people to the ballgames, but the owners remain unconvinced 
The teammates bond  Marla marries a man named Nelson whom she met on a raucous roadhouse outing and leaves the team for the rest of the season, Mae teaches Shirley to read, and Evelyn writes a team song  Lowenstein makes Dottie the face of the league, making Kit resentful  Their sibling rivalry intensifies, resulting in Kit's trade to the Racine Belles 
The Peaches end the season with the league's best record, qualifying for the World Series  Jimmy gives Betty a telegram informing her that her husband was killed in action in the Pacific Theater  Grief-stricken, she leaves the team  That evening, Dottie receives a surprise when Bob shows up, having been wounded and discharged from the Army  Jimmy discovers that Dottie is going home with Bob  Unable to persuade her to play in the World Series, he tells her she will regret her decision 
The Peaches face the Belles in the World Series, which goes the full seven games  Dottie rejoins the Peaches for the seventh game, while Kit is the starting pitcher for the Belles  With the Belles leading by a run in the top of the ninth, Dottie drives in the go-ahead run  Kit is distraught, but gets a second chance when she comes to bat with two outs in the bottom of the ninth  She gets a hit and, ignoring the third base coach's sign to stop, scores the winning run by knocking her sister over at the plate and dislodging the ball from Dottie's hand 
The sellout crowd convinces Harvey to give Lowenstein the owners' support  After the game, the sisters reconcile before Dottie leaves with Bob 
In the present, Dottie is reunited with the other players, including Kit, Capadino and Lowenstein  The surviving Peaches sing Evelyn's team song and pose for a photo  During the closing credits, they play baseball at Doubleday Field 

Cast
Rockford Peaches
Others
Production
Development
Director Penny Marshall was inspired by the 1987 TV documentary A League of their Own, about the AAGPBL  She had never heard of the league, and contacted the film's creators, Kelly Candaele and Kim Wilson, to collaborate with the scriptwriters, Babaloo Mandel and Lowell Ganz, on producing a screenplay for 20th Century Fox  Fox eventually passed on the script and Marshall signed with Sony Pictures, who were eager to produce it 

Casting
On MLB Network's Costas at the Movies in 2013, director Penny Marshall talked about her initial interest in Demi Moore for the part of Dottie Hinson: "Demi Moore, I liked, but by the time we came around, she was pregnant " Debra Winger was then cast as Dottie and spent three months training with the Chicago Cubs in preparation  However, she dropped out of the production four weeks before the start of principal photography, later saying that the casting of Madonna was the reason for her decision  Marshall chose Geena Davis to replace Winger USC assistant baseball coach Bill Hughes was the film’s technical adviser and put the film’s ensemble cast through baseball camp three months before filming 

Filming
Principal photography began July 10, 1991  Filming the game scenes involved many physical mishaps: Anne Ramsay (Helen Haley) broke her nose with a baseball mitt while trying to catch a ball, and the large bruise seen on actress Renée Coleman's thigh was real 
Discussing the skirts they wore playing in the film, Geena Davis said on MLB Network's Costas at the Movies in 2013, "Some of our real cast, from sliding into home, had ripped the skin off their legs  It was nutty " In a 2021 interview, Petty claimed to have broken her foot during filming, but reiterated her enjoyment of the shoot and the understanding of the film's importance at the time The tryout scene, at a fictional Major League Baseball stadium in Chicago called Harvey Field, was filmed at the Chicago Cubs' home stadium, Wrigley Field  The Rockford Peaches' home games were filmed at League Stadium in Huntingburg, Indiana, and the championship game against Racine was filmed at Bosse Field in Evansville, Indiana  Additional games were filmed at Jay Littleton Ball Park in Ontario, California  The final week of shooting was during late October 1991 in Cooperstown, New York, where 65 original AAGPBL members appeared in scenes recreating the induction of the league into the Baseball Hall of Fame in 1988  Due to the length of the schedule, the cast entertained themselves by putting on an elaborate amateur production, "Jesus Christ Superstar Goes Hawaiian "

Soundtrack
A League of Their Own soundtrack was released on CD and cassette tape by Columbia Records on June 30, 1992  The album peaked at #159 on the US Billboard 200 albums chart on July 25, 1992  Although Madonna contributed "This Used to Be My Playground" to the film, featured over the closing credits, her recording was not included on the soundtrack album for contractual reasons 

Reception
Box office
A League of Their Own was released on July 1, 1992, and grossed $13 2 million in its first weekend, finishing second at the box office behind Batman Returns  In its second weekend it dropped just 15%, making $11 5 million and finishing first  It ended up a commercial success, making $107 5 million in the United States and Canada, but only $24 9 million in other territories, for a worldwide total of $132 4 million against a production budget of $40 million 

Critical response
The film was well received by critics, who praised the cast 
On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, it holds an approval rating of 81% based on 79 reviews, with an average score of 7/10  The website's critical consensus reads: "Sentimental and light, but still thoroughly charming, A League of Their Own is buoyed by solid performances from a wonderful cast " On Metacritic, the film received a weighted average score of 69 based 21 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews"  Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale Vincent Canby of The New York Times wrote: "Though big of budget, A League of Their Own is one of the year's most cheerful, most relaxed, most easily enjoyable comedies  It's a serious film that's lighter than air, a very funny movie that manages to score a few points for feminism in passing " Roger Ebert of the Chicago Sun-Times gave it 3 out of 4 stars and wrote: "The movie has a real bittersweet charm  The baseball sequences, we've seen before  What's fresh are the personalities of the players, the gradual unfolding of their coach and the way this early chapter of women's liberation fit into the hidebound traditions of professional baseball "

Accolades
On December 19, 2012, it was announced that A League of Their Own would be preserved in the United States National Film Registry Jimmy Dugan's (Tom Hanks) remark to Evelyn Gardner (Bitty Schram), "There's no crying in baseball!", was ranked 54th on the American Film Institute's 2005 list AFI's 100 Years   100 Movie Quotes 

20th anniversary Blu-ray edition
A League of Their Own was released as a 20th Anniversary Edition Blu-ray on October 16, 2012 47 former AAGPBL players reunited in New York to celebrate the film and the real women who inspired it  Events included a trip to Cooperstown for a special program at the National Baseball Hall of Fame, reminiscent of the film's final scene depicting AAGPBL players and family meeting to honor the Women's Professional Baseball League  The reunion wrapped up with a game of softball held at Alliance Bank Stadium in nearby Syracuse Former players also made an appearance at Bosse Field in Evansville, Indiana on June 6, 2012, where many of the film's game scenes were filmed  Bosse Field still retains many of the Racine Belles themes from the movie  The event included an outdoor screening of the film, and a display of cars featured in the film  In addition to Bosse Field, the production used Huntingburg, Indiana's League Stadium, another Southwestern Indiana field older than Bosse, that was renovated for it 

Spinoffs
A short-lived series of the same title based on the film aired on CBS in April 1993, with Garry Marshall, Megan Cavanagh, Tracy Reiner, Freddie Simpson, and Jon Lovitz reprising their roles  Carey Lowell took over Geena Davis's role  Only five of the six episodes made were broadcast 
On August 6, 2020, Amazon Video ordered a reboot series with the same title as the movie  The series debuted on August 12, 2022 on  Amazon  On March 14, 2023 it was announced that the rebooted series would end with a four-episode second season bringing the total number of episodes of the series to twelve after having aired eight episodes in its first season 

See also
Women in baseball
List of baseball films
Passage 3:
Thelma & Louise
Thelma & Louise is a 1991 American film directed by Ridley Scott and written by Callie Khouri  The film has elements of multiple genres and has been described as a drama, adventure or road movie with elements of a romantic comedy  It stars Susan Sarandon as Louise and Geena Davis as Thelma, two friends who embark on a road trip that ends up in unforeseen circumstances  Filming took place in California and Utah from June to August 1990  The supporting cast include Harvey Keitel, Michael Madsen, Christopher McDonald, and Brad Pitt in one of his first major film roles  
The film was a critical and commercial success, receiving six Academy Award nominations and winning for Best Original Screenplay  Scott was nominated for Best Director, and both Sarandon and Davis were nominated for Best Actress  To date, this is the most recent film to have two actors nominated in the same category for either Best Actor or Best Actress  It influenced other films and artistic works and became a landmark of feminist film 
In 2016, the United States Library of Congress selected the film for preservation in the National Film Registry, finding it "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" 

Plot
Best friends Thelma Dickinson and Louise Sawyer set out for a weekend vacation at a fishing cabin in the mountains to take a break from their dreary lives in Arkansas  Thelma, a housewife, is married to disrespectful and controlling carpet salesman Darryl, while sharp-tongued Louise works as a waitress in a diner and is dating easygoing musician Jimmy, who is on the road most of the time 
On the way, they stop at a roadhouse bar, where Thelma dances with a flirtatious stranger, Harlan  He takes her to the parking lot and tries to rape her until Louise intervenes and threatens to shoot him  As the women walk away, Harlan yells vulgarities at them, so Louise shoots him in a fit of rage 
At a motel they discuss how to handle the situation  Thelma wants to go to the police, but Louise fears that no one will believe a claim of attempted rape as Thelma was drinking and dancing with Harlan and also having no evidence of the rape, and they will be charged with murder  They decide to flee to Mexico, but Louise demands they travel there without going through Texas, as something happened to her there several years earlier which she refuses to reveal  Heading west, they come across an attractive young drifter, J D , to whom Thelma takes a liking  Louise contacts Jimmy, asking him to wire her life savings to her  He surprises her by delivering the money in person, and they spend the night together  Jimmy proposes to Louise, but she refuses  Thelma invites J D  to her room, and they sleep together  She learns he is a convicted armed-robber who has violated the terms of his parole 
The following morning, they discover J D  has stolen Louise's life savings and fled  Louise is distraught, so a guilty Thelma takes charge and later robs a nearby convenience store using tactics she learned from J D   Meanwhile, the FBI closes in on them after witnesses at the bar identify Louise's 1966 Ford Thunderbird convertible  Their whereabouts are also questioned by the owner of the fishing cabin after they failed to arrive 
Arkansas State Police Investigator Hal Slocumb, leading the investigation, questions both J D  (who was caught) and Jimmy, and taps into the phone line at Darryl's house  He sympathizes with the pair's situation and understands why they did not report Harlan's killing (partly due to Louise's own experience in Texas)  During a few brief phone conversations with Louise, Hal expresses his sympathy but is unsuccessful in persuading her to surrender 
Thelma tells Louise she understands if she wants to go back home, knowing she has Jimmy waiting for her, but explains she cannot go back to Darryl  Louise promises they will keep going together  While back on the road, Thelma recalls the incident with Harlan and tries to ask Louise if what happened with Harlan was what happened to Louise in Texas  Louise responds angrily and tells Thelma to never bring it up again 
Later, they are pulled over by a New Mexico state trooper for speeding  Knowing he will soon discover they are wanted for murder and armed robbery, Thelma holds him at gunpoint and locks him in the trunk of his police car  Driving further west, they encounter a foul-mouthed truck driver who repeatedly makes obscene gestures at them  They pull over and demand an apology from him; when he refuses, they fire at his fuel tanker, causing it to explode  The women leave him stranded in the desert furious with the tanker's wreckage 
Thelma and Louise are finally cornered by the authorities only one hundred yards from the edge of the Grand Canyon  Hal arrives on the scene, but the women refuse his last chance to talk them into surrendering  Rather than be captured, Thelma proposes that they "keep going"  Louise asks Thelma if she is certain, and Thelma says yes  They kiss and then hold hands, Louise steps on the gas, and, as Hal desperately pursues them on foot, they accelerate over the cliff to their presumed deaths 

Cast
Susan Sarandon as Louise Sawyer
Geena Davis as Thelma Dickinson
Harvey Keitel as Arkansas State Police Detective Hal Slocumb
Michael Madsen as Jimmy Lennox
Christopher McDonald as Darryl Dickinson
Stephen Tobolowsky as FBI Agent Max
Brad Pitt as J D 
Timothy Carhart as Harlan Puckett
Lucinda Jenney as The Waitress
Jason Beghe as State Trooper
Marco St  John as Truck DriverCredits adapted from American Film Institute 

Production
Development
The idea for Thelma & Louise originated in the spring of 1988 when Callie Khouri, then a music video producer, was driving home from work to her apartment in Santa Monica  She spent the following six months working on her first screenplay, which was noted to have drawn inspiration from her own experience as well as her friendship with country music singer Pam Tillis  She had intended it to be a low-budget independent film, directed by herself and produced by fellow music video producer Amanda Temple (wife of English filmmaker Julien Temple)  After shopping the project around and finding no takers, Temple showed the script to her friend Mimi Polk Gitlin, who ran Ridley Scott's Percy Main Productions (later Scott Free Productions)  Gitlin in turn showed the script to Scott, who expressed great enthusiasm for the project  He agreed to produce the film and bought the film rights for $500,000  Pathé Entertainment, then led by Scott's friend and collaborator Alan Ladd Jr , came on board as a co-producer and financier Scott considered four people for the role of director, all of whom turned down the opportunity  Per Gitlin's recollection, three of the candidates were Bob Rafelson, Kevin Reynolds and Richard Donner  Scott was reluctant to direct the film himself but eventually took on the role, having been persuaded by Michelle Pfeiffer 

Casting
Michelle Pfeiffer and Jodie Foster were originally chosen for the leads; both accepted their roles with enthusiasm  As pre-production of the film dragged on, the two eventually dropped out, with Pfeiffer going on to star in Love Field and Foster in The Silence of the Lambs  Meryl Streep and Goldie Hawn then offered to play the leads, but Streep later dropped out due to scheduling conflicts while Hawn was not considered right for the part  Geena Davis (who had been vigorously pursuing the lead role for nearly a year) and Susan Sarandon were ultimately chosen  The two took extensive driving and shooting lessons in preparation for their roles Scott personally convinced Harvey Keitel to take on the role of Hal, the sympathetic Arkansas detective  The two had previously collaborated in Scott's feature directorial debut, the 1977 film The Duellists  Davis recommended her ex-boyfriend Christopher McDonald for the role of Darryl, Thelma's controlling husband  Scott wanted Michael Madsen for Harlan, Thelma's would-be rapist, but Madsen was unwilling; he eventually won the role of Jimmy, Louise's boyfriend  Brad Pitt auditioned for the hustler J D ; however, the part originally went to Billy Baldwin  Pitt eventually secured the role after both Baldwin and his replacement dropped out  George Clooney, Robert Downey Jr , Mark Ruffalo, Grant Show, John Mellencamp, Dylan McDermott, James LeGros and Dermot Mulroney were also considered for the role of J D  Davis did test scenes with Clooney, Show, Ruffalo and Pitt; her advice to the directors was to choose Pitt 

Filming
Principal photography for Thelma & Louise began on June 11, 1990, and concluded on August 31, 1990  Although the setting for the film is a fictional route between Arkansas and the Grand Canyon, it was filmed almost entirely in the states of California and Utah  The primary filming locations were rural areas around Bakersfield, California and Moab, Utah  The Grand Canyon scenes were filmed just south of Dead Horse Point State Park in Utah  Parts of the film were also shot at Shafer Overlook, Monument Valley, La Sal Mountains, La Sal Junction, Cisco, Old Valley City Reservoir, Thompson Springs, Arches National Park, and Crescent Junction in Utah 

Soundtrack
Pete Haycock on slide guitar contributed to Thunderbird, the theme music for the film  In addition to Glenn Frey's "Part of Me, Part of You", which became the film's primary theme song, the soundtrack included songs performed by Chris Whitley ("Kick The Stones"), Martha Reeves ("Wild Night" written by Van Morrison), Toni Childs ("House Of Hope"), Marianne Faithfull ("Ballad of Lucy Jordan" written by Shel Silverstein), Charlie Sexton ("Badlands"), Grayson Hugh ("I Can't Untie You From Me"), B B  King ("Better Not Look Down" written by Joe Sample & Will Jennings), Michael McDonald ("No Lookin' Back"), The Temptations ("The Way You Do The Things You Do" written by Smokey Robinson & Bobby Rogers), and Johnny Nash ("I Can See Clearly Now") 

Release
Thelma & Louise was screened out of competition as the closing film at the 1991 Cannes Film Festival  Theatrical release was delayed due to financial turmoil at MGM-Pathé  The film eventually opened in American theaters on May 24, 1991 and was a box-office success, grossing $45 million within the country In February 2023, The Criterion Collection announced the film would be joining the collection in May that year 

Reception
The film received critical acclaim  Janet Maslin of The New York Times had only praise for the film in her review:

Mr  Scott's Thelma and Louise, with a sparkling screenplay by the first-time writer Callie Khouri, is a surprise on this and many other scores  It reveals the previously untapped talent of Mr  Scott (best known for majestically moody action films like Alien, Blade Runner and Black Rain) for exuberant comedy, and for vibrant American imagery, notwithstanding his English roots  It reimagines the buddy film with such freshness and vigor that the genre seems positively new  It discovers unexpected resources in both its stars, Susan Sarandon and Geena Davis, who are perfectly teamed as the spirited and original title characters 
Roger Ebert also praised the film but withheld a perfect score on the basis of "the last shot before the titles begin  It's a freeze frame that fades to white, which is fine, except it does so with unseemly haste      It's unsettling to get involved in a movie that takes 128 minutes to bring you to a payoff that the filmmakers seem to fear "After watching the film, singer-songwriter Tori Amos wrote "Me and a Gun", the story of her rape several years earlier The final scene, where the two embrace before committing suicide by driving off a cliff, has become iconic  Numerous homages and parodies of the scene have appeared, including alternate film endings, cartoon parodies, video game "Easter eggs", and as a tragic ending to television series, music videos, and commercials  Right after the film's release, there were even a few copy cats who committed suicide by driving off the edge of the Grand Canyon The film also received harsh criticism from those who thought it was biased against men and that its depictions of men were unfairly negative On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 86% based on 147 reviews, with an average rating of 7 9/10  The website's critical consensus reads, "Simultaneously funny, heartbreaking, and peppered with action, Ridley Scott's Thelma & Louise is a potent, well-acted road movie that transcends the feminist message at its core " On Metacritic, the film received a score of 88 based on 12 reviews, indicating "universal acclaim" The film placed second to The Silence of the Lambs as the best film of 1991 in a poll of 81 critics 

Feminism
Numerous critics and writers have remarked on the strong feminist overtones of Thelma & Louise  Film critic B  Ruby Rich praises the film as an uncompromising validation of women's experiences, while Kenneth Turan calls it a "neo-feminist road movie"  In her essay "The Daughters of Thelma and Louise", Jessica Enevold argues that the film constitutes "an attack on conventional patterns of chauvinist male behavior toward females"  In addition, it "exposes the traditional stereotyping of male–female relationships" while rescripting the typical gender roles of the road movie genre In her review for the Los Angeles Times, film critic Sheila Benson objects to the characterization of the film as feminist, arguing that it is more preoccupied with revenge and violence than feminist values In his review for the New York Post, film critic Kyle Smith describes the film as "a misogynist tale about unbelievably ditzy women who lose what remains of their reason under pressure and suffer the ultimate punishment " Smith's review focused on the terrible decisions these female characters make throughout the entire film In an article commemorating the film's 20th anniversary in 2011, Raina Lipsitz called it "the last great film about women" and said that it heralded the achievements of women that caused 1992 to become "the year of the woman"  However, she also said that women-themed films have since been losing ground 

Accolades
The British Film Institute published a book about the film in 2000 as part of a Modern Classics series  On the Writers Guild of America Award's list of 101 best screenplays, it made No  72 

Notes
Passage 4:
Steve Bell (soccer)
Steve Bell (born January 7, 1975) is a retired American soccer midfielder who played professionally in the Continental Indoor Soccer League and USL A-League   He is a play-by-play soccer broadcaster and sideline reporter for the Fox Soccer Channel 

Youth
Bell graduated from Peters Township High School   He attended the Robert Morris University, playing on the men's soccer team from 1993 to 1996  Robert Morris won the Northeast Conference Regular Season title in 1995 with a perfect 8-0 conference record  Bell finished the season with 6 goals and 9 assists (2nd most in the Northeast Conference) 

Professional
In 1997, Bell played for the Washington Warthogs of the Continental Indoor Soccer League  He finished the season with two goals and three assists  That winter, he played as a trialist with the Tampa Bay Mutiny   On February 1, 1998, the Mutiny selected him in the second round (nineteenth overall) of the 1998 MLS Supplemental Draft   The Mutiny released him on June 10, 1998, to free a roster spot for Evans Wise   In February 1999, he signed with the expansion Pittsburgh Riverhounds of the USL A-League   He was a regular starter, but injuries led to his retirement   In 2000, he began working in sales in Akron, Ohio, but also worked as a part-time game announcer for Riverhounds’ games on Fox Sports Radio   In November 2003, Bell and his broadcasting partner, Chris Shovlin, won the March of Dimes Achievement in Radio Award for Best Play-by-Play  In 2006, Bell was named as the Voice of the United Soccer Leagues and was the play-by-play announcer for every game featured on Fox Soccer Channel during the season  In 2007, he was named as the host for the thirty-minute feature show, USL Breakaway on Fox Soccer   In addition to his Play-by-Play duties for the USL and the NSCAA Game of the Week, he was also back in Major League Soccer from 2008 to 2010 as a sideline reporter for Fox Soccer Channel 
Passage 5:
Female buddy film
A female buddy film is a type of buddy film  In these films, women are the main characters and their friendships and relationships with each other drive the story  The plots of female buddy films can share the same concept of male buddy films—opposite personalities go on an adventure or journey of sorts—or they can concern an ensemble group of women  Female buddy films gained popularity in the 1960s from the emergence of the woman's film and the male buddy film genres 

Characteristics
The main characters of female buddy films are women, and the film's events center on their situations  The main cast is often female, depending on the plot  Critic Hannah McGill of Sight & Sound wrote, "Films that centralise friendship between women and girls are thus always doing something slightly radical, whatever their other themes and content  They repudiate the message that women are adjuncts to men; they emphasise the fact that women and girls still exist when there are no men or boys in the room "

Background
The buddy film was historically a genre limited to men and rooted in the literature and culture of America, with the fictional portrayal of male bonding in the United States tracing back to 19th-century author Mark Twain's characters Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer, as well as Huck and Jim in Adventures of Huckleberry Finn  The occurrence of one woman interacting with another in film was so rare that concepts like the Bechdel test originated as a means of measuring the representation of women in fiction  Female buddy films appeared as early as the 1930s, with George Cukor's The Women and Gregory La Cava's Stage Door  Other prominent examples include Dance, Girl, Dance (1940), Gentlemen Prefer Blondes (1953), The Group (1966), and Daisies (1966) 1991's Thelma & Louise remains one of the most notable female buddy films to date and had a similar impact on popular culture as buddy film Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid did in the late 1960s  Similar films also paved the way for onscreen female friendships such as that between Evelyn Couch and Ninny Threadgoode in Fried Green Tomatoes  Other popular duos and groups include those in Waiting to Exhale and Walking and Talking  Though there are far fewer female buddy films than there are male buddy films, their frequency has increased in conjunction with rising numbers of women in production and creative roles 

Examples
Jonathan Rosenbaum has praised Jacques Rivette's 1974 film Céline and Julie Go Boating as an example of the genre and wrote that he knows "many women who consider Céline et Julie vont en bateau their favorite movie about female friendship " Dennis Lim sees the influence of Rivette's film in other female buddy films, such as Susan Seidelman's Desperately Seeking Susan and David Lynch's Mulholland Drive  Céline and Julie was also an influence on Erick Zonca's 1998 film The Dreamlife of Angels Female buddy films are not limited to lighthearted fare, and some critics argue there is a significance in the representation of complex female friendships on screen  "For women to whom a significant component of equality is the recognition that they embody the full spectrum of human traits, not just the sugar-and-spice ones, the onscreen depiction of ‘toxic’ friendships can be as significant and affecting as the celebration of healthy ones," critic Hannah McGill wrote In 2011, the comedy film Bridesmaids was a major box-office success, crossing over the $100 million mark in just 23 days  The film's popularity arguably ushered in a trend of R-rated female buddy comedies in the following years, such as The Heat, Bad Moms, Snatched, Rough Night, and Girls Trip  Producer David T  Friendly called this phenomenon "the Bridesmaids effect" The genre is crossed with the buddy cop film in the 1988 comedy Feds and the 2013 comedy The Heat  In both films, two female cops who are opposites in personality are paired up together  Other recent examples include Booksmart (2019) and the animated TV series Tuca & Bertie 

See also
Female buddy films by decade
Womance
Feminist cinema
Bromance
Passage 6:
List of Family Guy cast members
Family Guy is an American animated sitcom that features five main voice actors, and numerous regular cast and recurring guest stars  The principal voice cast consists of show creator Seth MacFarlane, Alex Borstein, Mila Kunis (who replaced Lacey Chabert after the first season (her last episode is "Holy Crap," now marketed as the second episode of season two)), Seth Green, and Mike Henry  Recurring voice actors include Patrick Warburton, Adam West, John G  Brennan, Nicole Sullivan and Jennifer Tilly, and repeat guest stars include Phyllis Diller, Charles Durning, Rush Limbaugh, James Woods and Phil LaMarr 
Many cast members provide voices for multiple characters  The voice actors, in portraying the various character personalities on the show, draw inspiration from celebrities and pop culture  Family Guy characters have been played by more than one actor, after members of the show left the series or had conflicting obligations 
Kunis was nominated for an Annie Award for voicing Meg Griffin in the season 5 episode "Barely Legal" and MacFarlane has also won an Emmy Award for Outstanding Voice-Over Performance and an Annie Award for Best Voice Acting in an Animated Television Production, though no other cast member has won an award for their work on the series 

Current cast
From seasons 1 to 4, Family Guy had four main cast members  Since season 5, there have been five main cast members  The casting of Meg Griffin changed after season 1 

Seth MacFarlane
Seth MacFarlane voices four of the show's main characters: Peter Griffin, Brian Griffin, Stewie Griffin, and Glenn Quagmire  MacFarlane chose to voice these characters himself, believing it would be easier to portray the voices he had already envisioned than for someone else to attempt it  MacFarlane drew inspiration for the voice of Peter from a security guard he overheard talking while attending the Rhode Island School of Design  Stewie's voice was based on the voice of English actor Rex Harrison, especially his performance in the 1964 musical drama film My Fair Lady  The voice for Glenn Quagmire is based on 1940s and 1950s radio commercials  MacFarlane uses his own voice while portraying Brian MacFarlane also provides the voices for various other recurring and one-time only characters, including news anchor Tom Tucker, Lois' father Carter Pewterschmidt and Dr  Hartman   He is the only cast member to be in every episode 

Alex Borstein
Alex Borstein voices Lois Griffin, Asian correspondent Tricia Takanawa, Loretta Brown and Lois' mother Barbara Pewterschmidt  Borstein was asked to provide a voice for the pilot while she was working on MADtv  She had not met MacFarlane or seen any of his artwork and said it was "really sight unseen"  At the time, Borstein performed in a stage show in Los Angeles, in which she played a redhead mother whose voice she had based on one of her cousins  The voice was originally slower (and deeper for the original season), but when MacFarlane heard it, he replied "Make it a little less fucking annoying     and speed it up, or every episode will last four hours "

Seth Green
Seth Green primarily plays Chris Griffin and Neil Goldman  Green stated that he did an impression of the "Buffalo Bill" character from the thriller film The Silence of the Lambs during his audition  His main inspiration for Chris' voice came from envisioning how "Buffalo Bill" would sound if he were speaking through a public address system at a McDonald's 

Mila Kunis
Mila Kunis voices Meg Griffin  Kunis won the role after the auditions and a slight rewrite of the character, in part due to her performance on That '70s Show  MacFarlane called Kunis back after her first audition, instructing her to speak slower, and then told her to come back another time and enunciate more  Once she claimed that she had it under control, MacFarlane hired her  Kunis described her character as "the scapegoat"  She further explained, "Meg gets picked on a lot  But it's funny  It's like the middle child  She is constantly in the state of being an awkward 14-year-old, when you're kind of going through puberty and what-not  She's just in a perpetual mode of humiliation  And it's fun "

Mike Henry
Mike Henry is the voice of Cleveland Brown, John Herbert “The Pervert”, Bruce, Consuela, and various other characters  A Family Guy writer and producer, he began acting on the show as part of the recurring cast repertory (see below) but was promoted to main cast member in 2005  Since the cancellation of The Cleveland Show, he also voices Cleveland's step-son Rallo Tubbs on Family Guy  On June 26, 2020, after twenty years of voicing the character, Mike Henry announced on Twitter that he was stepping down from voicing Cleveland, stating "persons of color should play characters of color " On September 25, 2020, it was announced that Arif Zahir would take over as the voice of Cleveland 

Recurring cast
In addition to both its main cast and guest stars, Family Guy utilizes a deep bench of regularly appearing supporting voice actors  Some appear in nearly every episode each season, while others appear less frequently  Some of these actors specifically play recurring characters, while others mainly play background citizens of Quahog or characters in cutaway gags 
The current supporting cast repertory includes the following actors:

In addition to the above, the following actors were formerly regularly recurring voice actors in the series:

Recurring guest voices
The recurring guest voices include Adam Carolla as Death, Patrick Stewart as Susie Swanson, Scott Grimes as Kevin Swanson, Sanaa Lathan as Donna Tubbs Brown and Emily Osment as Ruth Cochamer  Previous recurring guests included Phyllis Diller in three episodes as Peter's Mother, Thelma, and Charles Durning as Peter's father, Francis  Both characters have since died, but Durning returned once to play Francis as a ghost  Early in the show's run, Fred Willard and Jane Lynch had a recurring role as a family of nudists and James Woods as himself  In 2020, it was announced that Sam Elliott would take over as Quahog's new mayor, Mayor West's estranged cousin Wyld West 

Casting changes
Lacey Chabert voiced Meg for the first production season (14 episodes), but, because of a contractual agreement, was never credited  Chabert left the series due to time constraints with her acting role in Party of Five, as well as schoolwork 
Jon Cryer voiced Kevin Swanson in his first appearance before the role passed to Seth MacFarlane  The character was written out of the series for several years, with Scott Grimes taking over the voice when the character returned 
Fairuza Balk was the original voice of high school bully Connie D'Amico until Lisa Wilhoit took over the character from the third to eighteenth seasons 
Natasha Melnick was the original voice of Meg Griffin's Friend Ruth Cochamer until Emily Osment took over the character in the eleventh season 
Beginning in 2021-onward, Arif Zahir took over voicing Cleveland Brown from Mike Henry 

Awards and nominations
See also
Television portal
Passage 7:
List of Grand Slam women's doubles champions
List of women's doubles Grand Slam tennis tournament champions:
The only pairing to complete the Grand Slam is the team of Martina Navratilova and Pam Shriver in 1984, and their eight consecutive major win-streak remains the all-time record  Maria Bueno in 1960 and Martina Hingis in 1998 also won the Grand Slam, though with multiple partners Six players have completed a Career Golden Slam by winning an Olympic gold medal and all four majors during their respective careers: Venus Williams and Serena Williams while paired together, Barbora Krejčíková and Kateřina Siniaková as a team, and individually Pam Shriver and Gigi Fernández  The latter four also achieved the Career Super Slam, by achieving a Career Golden Slam and winning a Year-End Championship in their careers 

Champions by year
Champions list
Most Grand Slam doubles titles
Individual
Record title holder and tournament record indicated in bold  Players with five or more Grand Slam titles are included here 

Team
Record title holder and tournament record indicated in bold  Teams with four or more Grand Slam titles are included here 

Grand Slam achievements
Grand Slam
Players who held all four Grand Slam titles simultaneously (in a calendar year) 

Non-calendar year Grand Slam
Players who held all four Grand Slam titles simultaneously (not in a calendar year) 

Career Grand Slam
Players who won all four Grand Slam titles over the course of their careers 

The event at which the Career Grand Slam was completed indicated in bold 

Individual
Team
Career Golden Slam
Players who won all four Grand Slam titles and the Olympic gold medal over the course of their careers 
The event at which the Career Golden Slam was completed indicated in bold 

Career Super Slam
Players who won all four Grand Slam titles, the Olympic gold medal and the year-end championship over the course of their careers 

The event at which the Career Super Slam was completed indicated in bold 

Multiples titles in a season
Three titles
Two titles
Tournament stats
Most titles per tournament
Most consecutive titles
Overall record
At one tournament
Grand slam titles by decade
Grand Slam titles by country
Note: Titles, won by a team of players from same country, count as one title, not two 

All-time
as of 2023 French Open 

Open era
as of 2023 French Open 

See also
List of Grand Slam–related tennis records
List of Grand Slam men's singles champions
List of Grand Slam women's singles champions
List of Grand Slam men's doubles champions
List of Grand Slam mixed doubles champions
Passage 8:
Vivian Alamain
Vivian Alamain is a fictional character from Days of Our Lives, an American soap opera on the NBC network  Created by head writers Richard J  Allen and Beth Milstein, and introduced by executive producers Ken Corday and Al Rabin, the role is notably portrayed by actress Louise Sorel  In addition to Sorel, the role has subsequently been portrayed by Marj Dusay, Robin Strasser and Linda Dano 

Casting
Louise Sorel, who was previously best known for playing Augusta Lockridge in NBC soap opera, Santa Barbara, was cast in the role of Vivian in 1992  The Days of Our Lives casting director contacted Sorel's new agent about the role of Vivian and described her  Sorel's agent explained that they managed the actress to the casting director, who was familiar with Sorel's work in Santa Barbara  Other actresses were being considered for the role, but Sorel was eventually cast as Vivian  Sorel signed an initial one-year contract with the show  Sorel was released from her contract after only five months  Marj Dusay was cast in the role, appearing for a total of five episodes  When producers learned that they would have to continue paying Sorel, despite her departure, she was brought back to the role  In 1993, it was announced that Vivian's nephew, Lawrence Alamain (Michael Sabatino), and her nemesis, Carly Manning (Crystal Chappell), were to both leave Days of Our Lives  Sorel's future with the show was subsequently in doubt  However, it was confirmed that Sorel would remain on the show regardless  In December 1993, The Herald Journal reported that Sorel had signed a new multi-year contract  In 1995, Sorel signed a third contract term with the show In October 1999, it was announced that Sorel was to leave Days of Our Lives when her contract expired in January of the following year  Of Vivian's departure, executive producers, Ken Corday and Tom Langan, said "We love the character of Vivian, and hopefully she will return sometime in the near future " Producers confirmed that the role would not be recast  Vivian and Sorel were dismissed from the soap, and the actress admitted that it felt "horrible"  Vivian departed on February 22, 2000 In July 2009, it was announced that Sorel would be reprising the role of Vivian  Executive producer, Gary Tomlin, contacted Sorel and invited her to return to the show  Sorel was surprised as Tomlin invited her to return over the telephone without seeing her current appearance  Sorel told TV Guide "[Tomlin] didn’t ask me how I’m looking these days  For all he knew, I’ve gained 250 pounds " The actress commuted from New York to California, where Days of Our Lives is filmed, for the role  Sorel signed an initial one-year contract  Sorel was planning to sign a longer contract, but since relocating to New York, she could not speculate on her long-term future with the show  Sorel returned to filming in September 2009  Vivian's return was broadcast on October 30, 2009  Sorel's return coincided with the return of Chappell as Carly  In June 2011, it was revealed by TV Guide that Sorel had been let go following the departure of head writer Dena Higley; she last appeared on September 22 of the same year In August 2017, it was announced that Sorel would reprise the role once more  Originally reported to reappear in January 2018, Sorel made her first appearance on December 29, 2017  Sorel departed on May 23, 2018, when the character was presumed dead  In February 2019, it was reported that Robin Strasser had joined the cast in an unknown role; months later it was revealed that she had been cast as Vivian  She appeared from September 2 to October 7 of the same year In December 2019, it was announced that Sorel would once again reprise the role  She returned on June 30, 2020, and wrapped up her stint on July 20 of the same year  On December 11, 2020, it was announced Linda Dano had been cast in the role  She first appeared on February 3, 2021, and departed on April 22 of that year 
In March 2023 Sorel herself revealed she would once again return as Vivian Alamain  Her return on screen is set for later that year 

Storylines
1992–2000
Vivian, the aunt of Lawrence Alamain arrives in Salem on March 2, 1992  She is determined to take over Alamain corporations, but is foiled when John Black inherits them  Vivian looks to be rich, and powerful, so she pursues wealthy crime lord, Victor Kiriakis  Vivian marries Victor for business purposes, but the marriage is short lived  After Victor leaves her for Kate Roberts, Vivian sets out to destroy Carly Manning  Vivian is taking herbal pills from Dr  Wu, which makes her loopy  She begins to target Carly's patients, by injecting them with cleaning fluids   The police begin to investigate Carly for murder  Carly learns Vivian is the one killing off her patients, and sets out to prove it  A crazed Vivian gives Carly a strong dose of morphine to put her in a very deep sleep  Vivian gives Carly a serum that gives her a deathlike paralysis  Carly is pronounced dead, and Vivian buries Carly alive in a coffin, built with a low oxygen supply, and little water  Vivian stops taking her herbs, and realizes what she is doing is crazy, and with the help of Lawrence she digs Carly up  Vivian is arrested and put in Pine Haven Sanitarium where she meets and befriends Laura Horton  Laura sees Vivian as her ticket out of the Sanitarium, and so Laura continues her friendship with Vivian in order to get out of the Sanitarium and get back to Salem Vivian is released, and sets her sights on destroying Kate, and Victor's marriage  She finds out that Kate can't produce a male heir, so she carries Kate & Victor's baby   Vivian is now pregnant with their child, and tries to seduce Victor who doesn't fall for her tricks  Vivian gives birth to Philip Kiriakis, and Kate tries everything to get custody   Vivian also tricked Victor into marrying her by replacing Kate during the wedding rehearsal and made it the real deal   When Kate finds out, Vivian drugs Kate's coffee, but the coffee is given to the pilot of a plane Kate is on  The plane crashes, but Kate lives although they can't find her body  She and Victor make love, after they can't find Kate's body  Kate returns, and wants custody of Philip, and gets it   Vivian takes comfort in Rudolfo (who is actually Stefano DiMera) and unwillingly helps with his plan   She and Ivan are accused of helping Stefano kidnap Marlena Evans, but Stefano signs an affidavit exonerating them   She and Ivan are named accomplices in Kristen DiMera 's scheme trapping Marlena in a secret room and are arrested   In exchange for her freedom, Vivian agrees to divorce Victor and gives up her wealth 
Vivian receives bad news when she learns she is fired from Titan   She and Ivan begin taking odd jobs to make ends meet   She meets Steven "Jonesy" Jones, an elderly man whom she thinks is wealthy, but is merely a caretaker for Stefano DiMera   She marries him after a brief romance, and he dies on their wedding night after making love to her   She inherits his belongings, which makes Stefano romance her in order to get his possessions back   He implants a device in her tooth allowing him to control her moods   After they are married, she discovers what he did and files for divorce   He gives her the townhouse and money in exchange for her silence  She begins to look for alternative methods to cure Victor after he suffers a stroke   Once Victor recovers, he returns to Kate  Vivian leaves Salem with her sidekick Ivan to get a fresh start  They travel around the world, and live off Ivan's lottery winnings 

2009–2011
Vivian returned to Salem in 2009, seeking revenge on Carly Manning for killing her nephew Lawrence  She arranges for someone else to take the fall for her nephew's killing as she wants to deal with Carly personally  She discovers that Carly had an illegitimate child, the result of an affair, and that Lawrence had forced her to give up the child  Vivian resolves to find the now grown child, and kill her in order to hurt Carly  A vision of Lawrence encourages her in this scheme  Victor, her old flame and a fellow adversary of Carly, invites Vivian to live in his mansion and offers to help her in her vengeful scheme  With the help of her new manservant and henchman Gus, Vivian learns that Carly's daughter is Melanie Layton, who is engaged to Phillip  Victor forbids her from killing Melanie, and tells Viv to focus on Carly instead  Vivian ignores him and befriends Melanie  She helps with the wedding and poisons a comb that she gives Melanie to wear on her wedding day  Gus holds Carly hostage in a warehouse where she will watch her daughter's death  Carly attacks Gus and steals his phone  She texts Vivian, calling her to the warehouse  Vivian arrives and is attacked by Carly, but Hope has discovered Vivian's plot also  Hope arrives and stops Carly from killing Vivian by revealing that Melanie is fine  Victor discovered Vivian's scheme and switched the poisoned comb with a safe one  Hope begins to cuff Vivian and arrest her, but Gus awakens behind a stack of crates and topples them onto Hope and Carly  Vivian returns to the wedding at the Kiriakis mansion and lures Melanie to the rooftop terrace to hurl her off  Carly follows with Hope's gun and is about to shoot Vivian but Melanie steps in front of Vivian and is shot and falls into a coma  Victor scolds Vivian for defying him and threatens to turn her over to the police if Melanie dies  Vivian and Carly are both arrested after Hope's statement implicates Vivian  Bo interrogates Vivian to no avail  Victor has hidden all evidence pointing to Vivian's involvement and she is freed  Phillip and Daniel Jonas, who has recently learned that he is Melanie's father, also threaten Vivian  Melanie lives and Victor warns her that he will hand the police the evidence against her if she makes another attempt on Melanie 
Vivian, nevertheless, makes another attempt on her life, but Melanie wakes as Vivian is about to suffocate her in her hospital bed  The dazed Melanie tells Vivian to kill her, and reveals her tormented childhood to Vivian  Vivian is moved and relents  She tells the vision of Lawrence that she refuses to kill the young woman and, with Victor's encouragement, she focuses on Carly  Gus is arrested and questioned by Bo and Hope Williams Brady, but does not give up his mistress and is released  Vivian moves out of the mansion temporarily when Phillip tells Victor that he will not return with Melanie while Vivian is there  She soon returns, however, and makes a deal with Carly  She will leave Carly and her loved ones alone if Carly will plead guilty to shooting Melanie  Melanie, angry at finding out that Carly is the mother who gave her up, does not help and is hateful towards Carly, to Vivian's delight  Hope, however, brings Melanie around, and as Carly is about to be sentenced, Melanie exonerates her by telling the judge that the shooting was an accident  Vivian is not pleased, and threatens to kill Carly, and continues to torment her, even in spite of Bo's warning to leave her alone 
Bo goes to Vivian and threatens to kill Vivian, even if it means jail time, in order to protect Carly  Victor, who does not want Bo in jail or Vivian dead, offers to marry Vivian if she will stop her vendetta, and she agrees  She learns, however, that Carly has been threatening to ruin Chloe Lane's relationship with Daniel due to an affair Chloe had with Phillip  Vivian offers her support to Chloe in dealing with Carly  Vivian is married to Victor in a somber ceremony, both Victor and the attending guests are bitter and cynical about the bizarre proceedings  Chloe, however, turns to Vivian for help  Vivian gives Chloe the number of one of her past henchmen and tells Chloe to ensure that Carly is in an elevator at the hospital when the henchman instructs  Chloe is uncomfortable with killing Carly, but Vivian convinces her that it is the only way  When the time comes, however, Chloe attempts to stop the killing several times, finally pushing Carly from the elevator and ending up being dropped herself when the cable malfunctions 
Vivian, meanwhile, is on her honeymoon and Victor notices her preoccupation  He threatens to end the marriage and make her life very difficult if anything happens to Carly  Vivian, however, discovers that Chloe was in the elevator and has survived  She vows to punish Chloe for failing to kill Carly  Now, Vivian wants to get rid of Maggie, whom she thinks Victor has eyes on  Her evil plan is similar to Carly's but putting her in a sarcophagus and try to bury her alive  With her henchman, Gus, she may be able to pull it off, but Melanie thinks Maggie is leaving town  Under the ruse of creating a celebration of Isabella Toscano's (Brady's mother and Victor's daughter) life, Vivian commences her plan to kidnap and entomb Maggie in a new sarcophagus, which has supposedly been purchased to contain Isabella's remains  Vivian gets overly confident, and, hence, sloppy in the final stages of her plan  Her trusty assistant, Gus, gets cold feet and quits  Brady happens upon her plan and discovers what Vivian has planned and that she has deposited his mother's remains in a pet cemetery  Brady ends up interring Vivian in the sarcophagus rather than Maggie, to Vivian's horror  Vivian is freed by Gus and they entomb Maggie  Victor frees Maggie and plans for Vivian to be arrested but Brady decides she deserves to be free  Vivian and Gus are then dropped on an island but Brady rescues him in June  We discover that Vivian had an affair years ago and has a son Quinn who is a pimp  Quinn is blackmailing Chloe into becoming a prostitute but no one besides Chloe and Taylor knows what his occupation is  At first he doesn't get along with Vivian because she abandoned him but he soon turns around and agrees to give his mother a second chance much to Gus's dismay   Carly develops a drug addiction to Vivian's delight, however Quinn helps Carly through it and Vivian disowns him  Months later, Vivian and Quinn reconcile and Vivian's side-kick, Gus frames Quinn for a series of assaults on prostitutes when in reality, he is the culprit  On September 21, 2011 it is revealed that Quinn is innocent and Gus is guilty when Gus' latest victim (Chloe) comes out of the coma caused by his attack on her, at which time Gus takes Nicole Walker hostage in the police station  Gus is eventually wrestled to the ground and hauled off to a jail cell to await trial  Vivian’s friend/former-henchman, Ivan suddenly returns to Salem, shows her the great wealth he has acquired as a Bollywood movie director/producer, expresses his undying love to her, and then takes her with him to India to make her a movie star, and open a new chapter in their lives together as equals 

2017–2023
On New Year's Eve, 2017, Vivian crashes the DiMera family's New Year's Eve party claiming to have been accompanied by Stefano  In actuality, she is accompanied by her and Stefano's son, Stefan O Dimera (Tyler Christopher)  Vivian watches in admiration as Stefan seizes control of DiMera Enterprises and lays claim to the DiMera mansion  Vivian is scheming with Andre DiMera, but their plans end when Andre is killed by Abigail Deveraux (Marci Miller)  During a confrontation with Kate, Vivian is shot and presumed dead  Kate tells everyone it was self-defense  In 2019, Vivian (Robin Strasser) is revealed to be alive  She shoots and buries Kate in the cemetery, and later pulls her tubes out when she is in hospital recovering  During an altercation with Lani Price (Sal Stowers), Stefan (Brandon Barash) is shot and presumed dead after trying to save his mother, leading to a devastated Vivian leaving town  In 2020, Vivian (Sorel) makes a surprising return during Lani's wedding to Eli Grant (Lamon Archey)   She was arrested after threatening Lani with a gun  In police custody  she was convinced that Jake was Stefan brought back from the dead   Ivan explained that she had twins unknowingly due to her passing out and Jake was taken from her before she awakened  She faked her death shortly after to avoid prison and disappeared again  In 2021 Vivian (Linda Dano) got arrested after participating in the kidnapping of Eli and Lani's twins 
On January 30 2023 Vivian (Louise Sorel) returns, she is heard during a phone call (from prison) to Stefan in which she attempts to jog his memory of who he is 
In March 2023 it was revealed Louise Sorel was back on set as Vivian Alamain and episodes would begin airing from August or September 
Passage 9:
That Certain Something
That Certain Something is a 1941 Australian musical film directed by Clarence G  Badger and starring Megan Edwards and Thelma Grigg  The plot concerns an American film director who decides to make a musical in Australia  It was the last film directed by Badger, a noted silent era director 

Plot
A famous director, Robert Grimble, comes to Australia to make a film about pioneering women and seeks for an unknown to play the lead role  He casts socialist Miss Hemingway, who soon proves to be temperamental  She is tricked into walking off the job by Jimmie Jones who wants his girlfriend Patsy cast  He succeeds and Patsy becomes a star 

Cast
Production
The film was the first from Argosy Films and was made with the assistance of a bank overdraft from the New South Wales government  It was directed by Clarence Badger, a Hollywood director who had retired to Australia  The original title was Daughters of Australia Megan Edwards had only appeared in a few stage shows before being cast in the lead  She later received a three-year contract from a Hollywood manager The seven-week shoot took place at Pagewood Studios, the first movie made there in three years  The colonial sequence was especially researched  The camera crew included notable cameraman John Howes, who died aged 29 

Release
Despite securing distribution from RKO, reception to the film from critics and the public was poor 
Passage 10:
Thelma Hopkins (athlete)
Thelma Elizabeth Hopkins (born 16 March 1936) is a Northern Irish athlete, who competed in the high and the long jump 
On 5 May 1956 she broke the world record in high jump in Belfast with a jump of 1 74 metres, breaking the record of 1 73 metres set by Aleksandra Chudina of the USSR on 22 May 1954  Her record was broken on 14 July 1956 in Bucharest by Iolanda Balaș of Romania Her achievement in breaking the world record is commemorated by a plaque in Cherryvale Playing Fields, South Belfast 
Hopkins was born in Kingston upon Hull  She competed for Great Britain in the 1956 Summer Olympics held in Melbourne, Australia, in the high jump event, where she won the silver medal jointly with Maria Pisareva  In the 1954 Commonwealth Games she won a gold medal for Northern Ireland 
As well as athletics she excelled at hockey where she was a regular choice for the Ireland women's national field hockey team, playing at forward and winning 40 caps  She also represented Ireland as an international Squash player 
She was one of many signatories in a letter to The Times on 17 July 1958 opposing 'the policy of apartheid' in international sport and defending 'the principle of racial equality which is embodied in the Declaration of the Olympic Games' 
Passage 11:
Thelma, Kentucky
Thelma is an unincorporated community in Johnson County, Kentucky, United States  The community was originally known as Buskirk, after a local family  But, when the community received its first post office on June 5, 1905, it was renamed Thelma after the daughter of Warren Meek  Meek was a successful pioneer in the newspaper field in the Big Sandy Valley Thelma's ZIP code is 41260 
Thelma is located at an elevation of 636 feet 
Passage 12:
Breakwater Cat
Breakwater Cat is the tenth album by American singer Thelma Houston, released in 1980 on RCA Records  The 12" single "Suspicious  Minds" became a popular club hit  Breakwater Cat contains five songs written by Jimmy Webb, who was also the executive producer of the album 

Track listing
All songs were written by Jimmy Webb; except where indicated 

"Breakwater Cat" – 3:55
"Long and Lasting Love" – 5:30
"Before There Could Be Me" – 3:12
"Gone" – 3:43
"What Was That Song" – 4:19
"Suspicious Minds" (Mark James) – 4:15
"Down the Backstairs of My Life" (Eric Mercury, William Smith) – 3:00
"Understand Your Man" (Alan Gordon) – 3:27
"Lost and Found" (Daniel Moore) – 4:20
"Something We May Never Know" (Shelby Flint) – 3:38

Personnel
MusicThelma Houston – vocals
Sonny Burke – piano, arrangements
Matthew McCauley – string and horn arrangements
David T  Walker, Tim May, Steve Beckmeier, Carlos Rios, Steve Hunter, Fred Tackett, Greg Poree – guitar
David Shields, Eddie N  Watkins Jr , Keni Burke, Scott Edwards, Dennis Belfield, Reggie McBride – bass guitar
Gary Morse - steel guitar on "Something We May Never Know"
Jerry Peters - keyboards
James Gadson – drums
Jerry Hey - horn
Paulinho da Costa – percussion
Clydie King – backing vocals
Greg Wright – backing vocals
Oren Waters – backing vocals
Tom Kelly – backing vocalsProductionJames Gadson – producer
Michael Stewart – producer
Mike Vickers – assistant producer
Jimmy Webb – executive producer
Brian Christian – engineer
Frank "Cheech" D'Amici – engineer
Mark Linett – engineer
Rick Hart – engineer
Rick Ruggieri – engineer
Gribbitt! – art direction
Henry Vizcarra – art direction
Tim Bryant – art direction
Charles Veal, Jr  – contractor
Jerry Hoff – contractor
Sid Sharp – contractor
Lynne Morse – A&R coordinator
Linda Gerrity – production coordinator
Glenn Parsons - design
Gribbitt! - design
John Arrias – mixing
Ron Slenzak – photography



ground_truth: Dottie Hinson