prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: When was the last time the team that Arthur James was a member of beat the 1894-95 FA cup winner?

The following are given passages.
Context 1: Passage 1:
Arsenal F C 
Arsenal Football Club is an English professional football club based in Islington, London  Arsenal play in the Premier League, the top flight of English football  The club has won 13 league titles (including one unbeaten title), a record 14 FA Cups, two League Cups, 16 FA Community Shields, one European Cup Winners' Cup, and one Inter-Cities Fairs Cup  In terms of trophies won, it is the third-most successful club in English football 
Arsenal was the first club from the South of England to join the Football League in 1893, and they reached the First Division in 1904  Relegated only once, in 1913, they continue the longest streak in the top division, and have won the second-most top-flight matches in English football history  In the 1930s, Arsenal won five League Championships and two FA Cups, and another FA Cup and two Championships after the war  In 1970–71, they won their first League and FA Cup Double  Between 1989 and 2005, they won five League titles and five FA Cups, including two more Doubles  They completed the 20th century with the highest average league position  Between 1998 and 2017, Arsenal qualified for the UEFA Champions League for nineteen consecutive seasons 
Herbert Chapman, who changed the fortunes of Arsenal forever, won the club its first silverware, and his legacy led the club to dominate the 1930s decade  He helped introduce the WM formation, floodlights, and shirt numbers; he also added the white sleeves and brighter red to the club's jersey  Arsène Wenger is the longest-serving manager and won the most trophies  He won a record seven FA Cups, and his title-winning team set an English record for the longest top-flight unbeaten league run at 49 games between 2003 and 2004, receiving the nickname The Invincibles 
In 1886, munitions workers at the Royal Arsenal in Woolwich founded the club as Dial Square  In 1913 the club crossed the city to Arsenal Stadium in Highbury, becoming close neighbours of Tottenham Hotspur, and creating the North London derby  In 2006, they moved to the nearby Emirates Stadium  With an annual revenue of £367 1m in the 2021–22 season, Arsenal was estimated to be worth US$2 26 billion by Forbes, making it the world's tenth most valuable football club, while it is one of the most followed on social media  The motto of the club has long been Victoria Concordia Crescit, Latin for "Victory Through Harmony" 

History
1886–1919: from Dial Square to Arsenal
In October 1886, Scotsman David Danskin and fifteen fellow munitions workers in Woolwich formed Dial Square Football Club, named after a workshop at the heart of the Royal Arsenal complex  Each member contributed sixpence and Danskin also added three shillings to help form the club  Dial Square played their first match on 11 December 1886 against Eastern Wanderers and won 6–0  The club had renamed to Royal Arsenal by January 1887, and its first home was Plumstead Common, though they spent most of their time playing at the Manor Ground  Their first trophies were the Kent Senior Cup and London Charity Cup in 1889–90 and the London Senior Cup in 1890–91; these were the only county association trophies Arsenal won during their time in South East London  In 1891, Royal Arsenal became the first London club to turn professional Royal Arsenal renamed for a second time upon becoming a limited liability company in 1893  They registered their new name, Woolwich Arsenal, with The Football League when the club ascended later that year : 5–21  Woolwich Arsenal was the first southern member of The Football League, starting out in the Second Division and reaching the First Division in 1904  Falling attendances, due to financial difficulties among the munitions workers and the arrival of more accessible football clubs elsewhere in the city, led the club close to bankruptcy by 1910 : 112–149  Businessmen Henry Norris and William Hall became involved in the club, and sought to move them elsewhere : 22–42 
In 1913, soon after relegation back to the Second Division, the club moved across the river to the new Arsenal Stadium in Highbury  In 1919, The Football League controversially voted to promote The Arsenal, instead of relegated local rivals Tottenham Hotspur, into the newly enlarged First Division, despite only finishing fifth in the Second Division's last pre-war season of 1914–15  Later that year, The Arsenal started dropping "The" in official documents, gradually shifting its name for the final time towards Arsenal, as it is generally known today 

1919–1953: Bank of England club
With a new home and First Division football, attendances were more than double those at the Manor Ground, and Arsenal's budget grew rapidly  Their location and record-breaking salary offer lured star Huddersfield Town manager Herbert Chapman in 1925  Over the next five years, Chapman built a new Arsenal  He appointed an enduring new trainer Tom Whittaker, implemented Charlie Buchan's new twist on the nascent WM formation, captured young players like Cliff Bastin and Eddie Hapgood, and lavished Highbury's income on stars like David Jack and Alex James  With record-breaking spending and gate receipts, Arsenal quickly became known as the Bank of England club Transformed, Chapman's Arsenal claimed their first national trophy, the FA Cup in 1930, and League Championships followed in 1930–31 and 1932–33  Chapman also presided over off the pitch changes: white sleeves and shirt numbers were added to the kit; a Tube station was named after the club; and the first of two opulent, Art Deco stands was completed, with some of the first floodlights in English football  Suddenly, in the middle of the 1933–34 season, Chapman died of pneumonia  His work was left to Joe Shaw and George Allison, who saw out a hat-trick with the 1933–34 and 1934–35 titles, and then won the 1936 FA Cup and 1937–38 title 
World War II meant The Football League was suspended for seven years, but Arsenal returned to win it in the second post-war season, 1947–48  This was Tom Whittaker's first season as manager, after his promotion to succeed Allison, and the club had equalled the champions of England record  They won a third FA Cup in 1950, and then won a record-breaking seventh championship in 1952–53  However, the war had taken its toll on Arsenal  The club had had more players killed than any top flight club, and debt from reconstructing the North Bank Stand bled Arsenal's resources 

1953–1986: mediocrity, Mee and Neill
Arsenal were not to win the League or the FA Cup for another 18 years  The '53 Champions squad had aged, and the club failed to attract strong enough replacements  Although Arsenal were competitive during these years, their fortunes had waned; the club spent most of the 1950s and 1960s in mid-table mediocrity  Even former England captain Billy Wright could not bring the club any success as manager, in a stint between 1962 and 1966 Arsenal tentatively appointed club physiotherapist Bertie Mee as acting manager in 1966  With new assistant Don Howe and new players such as Bob McNab and George Graham, Mee led Arsenal to their first League Cup finals, in 1967–68 and 1968–69  Next season saw a breakthrough, with Arsenal's first competitive European trophy, the 1969–70 Inter-Cities Fairs Cup  The season after, Arsenal achieved an even greater triumph with their first League and FA Cup double, and a new champions of England record  This marked a premature high point of the decade; the Double-winning side was soon broken up and the rest of the decade was characterised by a series of near misses, with Arsenal finishing as FA Cup runners up in 1972, and First Division runners-up in 1972–73 Former player Terry Neill succeeded Mee in 1976  At the age of 34, he became the youngest Arsenal manager to date  With new signings like Malcolm Macdonald and Pat Jennings, and a crop of talent in the side like Liam Brady and Frank Stapleton, the club reached a trio of FA Cup finals (1978 FA Cup, 1979 FA Cup and 1980 FA Cup), and lost the 1980 European Cup Winners' Cup Final on penalties  The club's only trophy during this time was the 1979 FA Cup, achieved with a last-minute 3–2 victory over Manchester United, in a final is widely regarded as a classic 

1986–1996: George Graham
One of Mee's double winners, George Graham, returned as manager in 1986, with Arsenal winning their first League Cup in 1987, Graham's first season in charge  New signings Nigel Winterburn, Lee Dixon and Steve Bould had joined the club by 1988 to complete the "famous Back Four", led by homegrown player Tony Adams  They immediately won the 1988 Football League Centenary Trophy, and followed it with the 1988–89 Football League title, snatched with a last-minute goal in the final game of the season against fellow title challengers Liverpool  Graham's Arsenal won another title in 1990–91, losing only one match, won the FA Cup and League Cup double in 1993, and the European Cup Winners' Cup in 1994  Graham's reputation was tarnished when he was found to have taken kickbacks from agent Rune Hauge for signing certain players, and he was dismissed in 1995  His replacement, Bruce Rioch, lasted for only one season, leaving the club after a dispute with the board of directors 

1996–2018: Wenger years
The club metamorphosed during the tenure of French manager Arsène Wenger, who was appointed in 1996  Attacking football, an overhaul of dietary and fitness practices, and efficiency with money
have defined his reign  Accumulating key players from Wenger's homeland, such as Patrick Vieira and Thierry Henry, Arsenal won a second League and Cup double in 1997–98 and a third in 2001–02  In addition, the club reached the final of the 1999–2000 UEFA Cup, were victorious in the 2003 and 2005 FA Cup finals, and won the Premier League in 2003–04 without losing a single match, an achievement which earned the side the nickname "The Invincibles"  This feat came within a run of 49 league matches unbeaten from 7 May 2003 to 24 October 2004, a national record Arsenal finished in either first or second place in the league in eight of Wenger's first nine seasons at the club, although they never won the title in two consecutive seasons 
The club had never progressed beyond the quarter-finals of the Champions League until 2005–06; in that season they became the first club from London to reach the final in the competition's fifty-year history, but were beaten 2–1 by Barcelona  In July 2006, they moved into the Emirates Stadium, after 93 years at Highbury 
Arsenal reached the final of the 2007 and 2011 League Cups, losing 2–1 to Chelsea and Birmingham City respectively  The club had not gained a trophy since the 2005 FA Cup until, spearheaded by club record acquisition Mesut Özil, Arsenal beat Hull City in the 2014 FA Cup Final, coming back from a 2–0 deficit to win the match 3–2 
A year later, Arsenal completed another victorious FA Cup campaign, and became the most successful club in the tournament's history by winning their 13th FA Cup in 2016–17  However, in that same season, Arsenal finished fifth in the league, the first time they had finished outside the top four since before Wenger arrived in 1996  After another unspectacular league season the following year, Wenger departed Arsenal on 13 May 2018 

Since 2018: post-Wenger era
After conducting an overhaul in the club's operating model to coincide with Wenger's departure, Spaniard Unai Emery was named as the club's new head coach on 23 May 2018  He became the club's first ever 'head coach' and second manager from outside the United Kingdom  In Emery's first season, Arsenal finished fifth in the Premier League and as runner-up in the Europa League  On 29 November 2019, Emery was dismissed as manager and former player and assistant first team coach Freddie Ljungberg was appointed as interim head coach On 20 December 2019, Arsenal appointed former club captain Mikel Arteta as the new head coach  Arsenal finished the league season in eighth, their lowest finish since 1994–95, but beat Chelsea 2–1 to earn a record-extending 14th FA Cup win  After the season, Arteta's title was changed from head coach to manager  On 18 April 2021, Arsenal were announced as a founding club of the breakaway European competition The Super League; they withdrew from the competition two days later amid near-universal condemnation  Arsenal finished the season in eighth place once again, not qualifying for a European competition for the first time in 26 years  In the 2022–23 Premier League season, Arsenal returned to the Champions League by coming second to Manchester City after leading for most of the season 

Crest
Unveiled in 1888, Royal Arsenal's first crest featured three cannons viewed from above, pointing northwards, similar to the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Woolwich (nowadays transferred to the coat of arms of the Royal Borough of Greenwich)  These can sometimes be mistaken for chimneys, but the presence of a carved lion's head and a cascabel on each are clear indicators that they are cannons  This was dropped after the move to Highbury in 1913, only to be reinstated in 1922, when the club adopted a crest featuring a single cannon, pointing eastwards, with the club's nickname, The Gunners, inscribed alongside it; this crest only lasted until 1925, when the cannon was reversed to point westward and its barrel slimmed down In 1949, the club unveiled a modernised crest featuring the same style of cannon below the club's name, set in blackletter typography, and above the coat of arms of the Metropolitan Borough of Islington and a scroll inscribed with the club's newly adopted Latin motto, Victoria Concordia Crescit – "victory comes from harmony" – coined by the club's programme editor Harry Homer  For the first time, the crest was rendered in colour, which varied slightly over the crest's lifespan, finally becoming red, gold and green  Because of the numerous revisions of the crest, Arsenal were unable to copyright it  Although the club had managed to register the crest as a trademark, and had fought (and eventually won) a long legal battle with a local street trader who sold "unofficial" Arsenal merchandise,
Arsenal eventually sought a more comprehensive legal protection  Therefore, in 2002 they introduced a new crest featuring more modern curved lines and a simplified style, which was copyrightable 
The cannon once again faces east and the club's name is written in a sans-serif typeface above the cannon  Green was replaced by dark blue  The new crest was criticised by some supporters; the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association claimed that the club had ignored much of Arsenal's history and tradition with such a radical modern design, and that fans had not been properly consulted on the issue 
Until the 1960s, a badge was worn on the playing shirt only for high-profile matches such as FA Cup finals, usually in the form of a monogram of the club's initials in red on a white background The monogram theme was developed into an Art Deco-style badge on which the letters A and C framed a football rather than the letter F, the whole set within a hexagonal border  This early example of a corporate logo, introduced as part of Herbert Chapman's rebranding of the club in the 1930s, was used not only on Cup Final shirts but as a design feature throughout Highbury Stadium, including above the main entrance and inlaid in the floors 
From 1967, a white cannon was regularly worn on the shirts, until replaced by the club crest, sometimes with the addition of the nickname "The Gunners", in the 1990s In the 2011–12 season, Arsenal celebrated their 125th anniversary  The celebrations included a modified version of the current crest worn on their jerseys for the season  The crest was all white, surrounded by 15 oak leaves to the right and 15 laurel leaves to the left  The oak leaves represent the 15 founding members of the club who met at the Royal Oak pub  The 15 laurel leaves represent the design detail on the six pence pieces paid by the founding fathers to establish the club  The laurel leaves also represent strength  To complete the crest, 1886 and 2011 are shown on either sides of the motto "Forward" at the bottom of the crest 

Colours
For much of Arsenal's history, their home colours have been bright red shirts with white sleeves and white shorts, though this has not always been the case  The choice of red is in recognition of a charitable donation from Nottingham Forest, soon after Arsenal's foundation in 1886  Two of Dial Square's founding members, Fred Beardsley and Morris Bates, were former Forest players who had moved to Woolwich for work  As they put together the first team in the area, no kit could be found, so Beardsley and Bates wrote home for help and received a set of kit and a ball  The shirt was redcurrant, a dark shade of red, and was worn with white shorts and socks with blue and white hoops In 1933, Herbert Chapman, wanting his players to be more distinctly dressed, updated the kit, adding white sleeves and changing the shade to a brighter pillar box red  Two possibilities have been suggested for the origin of the white sleeves  One story reports that Chapman noticed a supporter in the stands wearing a red sleeveless sweater over a white shirt; another was that he was inspired by a similar outfit worn by the cartoonist Tom Webster, with whom Chapman played golf 
Regardless of which story is true, the red and white shirts have come to define Arsenal and the team have worn the combination ever since, aside from two seasons  The first was 1966–67, when Arsenal wore all-red shirts; this proved unpopular and the white sleeves returned the following season  The second was 2005–06, the last season that Arsenal played at Highbury, when the team wore commemorative redcurrant shirts similar to those worn in 1913, their first season in the stadium; the club reverted to their normal colours at the start of the next season  In the 2008–09 season, Arsenal replaced the traditional all-white sleeves with red sleeves with a broad white stripe Arsenal's home colours have been the inspiration for at least three other clubs  In 1909, Sparta Prague adopted a dark red kit like the one Arsenal wore at the time; in 1938, Hibernian adopted the design of the Arsenal shirt sleeves in their own green and white strip 
In 1941, Luis Robledo, an England-schooled founder of Santa Fe and a fan of Arsenal, selected the main colors for his newly created team  In 1920, Sporting Clube de Braga's manager returned from a game at Highbury and changed his team's green kit to a duplicate of Arsenal's red with white sleeves and shorts, giving rise to the team's nickname of Os Arsenalistas 
These teams still wear those designs to this day 
For many years Arsenal's away colours were white or navy blue  However, in 1968 the FA banned navy shirts (they looked too similar to referees' black kit) so in the 1969–70 season, Arsenal introduced an away kit of yellow shirts with blue shorts  This kit was worn in the 1971 FA Cup Final as Arsenal beat Liverpool to secure the double for the first time in their history  The yellow and blue strip became almost as famous as their iconic red and white home kit  Arsenal reached the FA Cup final again the following year wearing the red and white home strip and were beaten by Leeds United  Arsenal then competed in three consecutive FA Cup finals between 1978 and 1980 wearing their "lucky" yellow and blue strip, which remained the club's away strip until the release of a green and navy away kit in 1982–83  The following season, Arsenal returned to the yellow and blue scheme, albeit with a darker shade of blue than before 
When Nike took over from Adidas as Arsenal's kit provider in 1994, Arsenal's away colours were again changed to two-tone blue shirts and shorts  Since the advent of the lucrative replica kit market, the away kits have been changed regularly, with Arsenal usually releasing both away and third choice kits  During this period the designs have been either all blue designs, or variations on the traditional yellow and blue, such as the metallic gold and navy strip used in the 2001–02 season, the yellow and dark grey used from 2005 to 2007, and the yellow and maroon of 2010 to 2013 
Until 2014, the away kit was changed every season, and the outgoing away kit became the third-choice kit if a new home kit was being introduced in the same year Since Puma began manufacturing Arsenal's kits in 2014, new home, away and third kits were released every single season  In the 2017–18 season, Puma released a new color scheme for the away and third kits  The away kit was a light blue, which fades to a darker blue near the bottom, while the third kit was black with red highlight  Puma returned to the original color scheme for the 2018–19 season From the 2019–20 season Arsenal's kits are manufactured by Adidas  In the 2020–21 season, Adidas unveiled the new away kit to 
mark the 15-year anniversary since leaving Highbury  The new away kit is white, with a marbled pattern all across to replicate the iconic marble hall in the East stand of Highbury 

Kit suppliers and shirt sponsors
Stadiums
Before joining the Football League, Arsenal played briefly on Plumstead Common, then at the Manor Ground in Plumstead, then spent three years between 1890 and 1893 at the nearby Invicta Ground  Upon joining the Football League in 1893, the club returned to the Manor Ground and installed stands and terracing, upgrading it from just a field  Arsenal continued to play their home games there for the next twenty years (with two exceptions in the 1894–95 season), until the move to north London in 1913 Widely referred to as Highbury, Arsenal Stadium was the club's home from September 1913 until May 2006  The original stadium was designed by the renowned football architect Archibald Leitch, and had a design common to many football grounds in the UK at the time, with a single covered stand and three open-air banks of terracing  The entire stadium was given a massive overhaul in the 1930s: new Art Deco West and East stands were constructed, opening in 1932 and 1936 respectively, and a roof was added to the North Bank terrace, which was bombed during the Second World War and not restored until 1954 Highbury could hold more than 60,000 spectators at its peak, and had a capacity of 57,000 until the early 1990s  The Taylor Report and Premier League regulations obliged Arsenal to convert Highbury to an all-seater stadium in time for the 1993–94 season, thus reducing the capacity to 38,419 seated spectators  This capacity had to be reduced further during Champions League matches to accommodate additional advertising boards, so much so that for two seasons, from 1998 to 2000, Arsenal played Champions League home matches at Wembley, which could house more than 70,000 spectators 

Expansion of Highbury was restricted because the East Stand had been designated as a Grade II listed building and the other three stands were close to residential properties  These limitations prevented the club from maximising matchday revenue during the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century, putting them in danger of being left behind in the football boom of that time  After considering various options, in 2000 Arsenal proposed building a new 60,361-capacity stadium at Ashburton Grove, since named the Emirates Stadium, about 500 metres south-west of Highbury  The project was initially delayed by red tape and rising costs, and construction was completed in July 2006, in time for the start of the 2006–07 season  The stadium was named after its sponsors, the airline company Emirates, with whom the club signed the largest sponsorship deal in English football history, worth around £100 million  Some fans referred to the ground as Ashburton Grove, or the Grove, as they did not agree with corporate sponsorship of stadium names  The stadium will be officially known as Emirates Stadium until at least 2028, and the airline will be the club's shirt sponsor until at least 2024  From the start of the 2010–11 season on, the stands of the stadium have been officially known as North Bank, East Stand, West Stand and Clock end  The capacity of the Emirates now stands at 60,704 Arsenal's players train at the Shenley Training Centre in Hertfordshire, a purpose-built facility which opened in 1999 
Before that the club used facilities on a nearby site owned by the University College of London Students' Union  Until 1961 they had trained at Highbury 
Arsenal's Academy under-18 teams play their home matches at Shenley, while the reserves play their games at Meadow Park, which is also the home of Boreham Wood F C  Both the Academy under-18 & the reserves occasionally play their big games at the Emirates in front of a crowd reduced to only the lower west stand 

Supporters and rivalries
Arsenal's fanbase are referred to as "Gooners" – the name derived from the club's nickname "The Gunners"  Virtually all home matches sell out; in 2007–08 Arsenal had the second-highest average League attendance for an English club (60,070, which was 99 5% of available capacity), and, as of 2015, the third-highest all-time average attendance  Arsenal have the seventh highest average attendance of European football clubs only behind Borussia Dortmund, FC Barcelona, Manchester United, Real Madrid, Bayern Munich, and Schalke  The club's location, adjoining wealthy areas such as Canonbury and Barnsbury, mixed areas such as Islington, Holloway, Highbury, and the adjacent London Borough of Camden, and largely working-class areas such as Finsbury Park and Stoke Newington, has meant that Arsenal's supporters have come from a variety of social classes  Much of the Afro-Caribbean support comes from the neighbouring London Borough of Hackney and a large portion of the South Asian Arsenal supporters commute to the stadium from Wembley Park, North West of the capital  There was also traditionally a large Irish community that followed Arsenal, with the nearby Archway area having a particularly large community, but Irish migration to North London is much lower than in the 1960s or 1970s 
Like all major English football clubs, Arsenal have a number of domestic supporters' clubs, including the Arsenal Football Supporters' Club, which works closely with the club, and the Arsenal Independent Supporters' Association, which maintains a more independent line  The Arsenal Supporters' Trust promotes greater participation in ownership of the club by fans  The club's supporters also publish fanzines such as The Gooner, Gunflash and the satirical Up The Arse!  In addition to the usual English football chants, supporters sing "One-Nil to the Arsenal" (to the tune of "Go West") 
There have always been Arsenal supporters outside London, and since the advent of satellite television, a supporter's attachment to a football club has become less dependent on geography  Consequently, Arsenal have a significant number of fans from beyond London and all over the world; in 2007, 24 UK, 37 Irish and 49 other overseas supporters clubs were affiliated with the club  A 2011 report by SPORT+MARKT estimated Arsenal's global fanbase at 113 million  The club's social media activity was the fifth highest in world football during the 2014–15 season 

Rivalries
Arsenal's longest-running and deepest rivalry is with their nearest major neighbour, Tottenham Hotspur; matches between the two are referred to as the North London derby  There also exists a rivalry between Arsenal and Chelsea  In addition, Arsenal and Manchester United developed a strong on-pitch rivalry in the late 1980s, which intensified in the early 2000s when both clubs were competing for the Premier League title 

Mascot
The club mascot is Gunnersaurus Rex, a smiling, 7-foot-tall green dinosaur, who first appeared at a home match against Manchester City in August 1994 (or 1993)  He is based on a drawing by then 11-year-old Peter Lovell, whose design and another similar idea won a Junior Gunners contest; his official back story is that he hatched from an egg found during renovations at Highbury The same person, Jerry Quy, has been inside the suit from the start; in early October 2020, as part of cost-cutting brought about by the COVID-19 pandemic, the club made him redundant from that and his other part-time job in supporter liaison, together with 55 full-time employees, although they later said Gunnersaurus could return after spectators were allowed back in stadiums  An online fundraiser was begun for Quy, and Mesut Özil offered to pay his salary himself as long as he remains with Arsenal  In November 2020, in advance of COVID-19 regulations being relaxed to allow supporters to attend home games from 3 December, Arsenal announced that Gunnersaurus would return, to be played by a roster of people that could include Quy if he wished 

Ownership and finances
The largest shareholder on the Arsenal board is American sports tycoon Stan Kroenke  Kroenke first launched a bid for the club in April 2007, and faced competition for shares from Red and White Securities, which acquired its first shares from David Dein in August 2007  Red & White Securities was co-owned by Russian billionaire Alisher Usmanov and Iranian London-based financier Farhad Moshiri, though Usmanov bought Moshiri's stake in 2016  Kroenke came close to the 30% takeover threshold in November 2009, when he increased his holding to 18,594 shares (29 9%)  In April 2011, Kroenke achieved a full takeover by purchasing the shareholdings of Nina Bracewell-Smith and Danny Fiszman, taking his shareholding to 62 89%  In May 2017, Kroenke owned 41,721 shares (67 05%) and Red & White Securities owned 18,695 shares (30 04%)  In January 2018, Kroenke expanded his ownership by buying twenty-two more shares, taking his total ownership to 67 09%  In August 2018, Kroenke bought out Usmanov for £550m  Now owning more than 90% of the shares, he had the required stake to complete the buyout of the remaining shares and become the sole owner  There has been criticism of Arsenal's poor performance since Kroenke took over, which has been attributed to his ownership  Ivan Gazidis was the club's Chief executive from 2009 to 2018 Arsenal's parent company, Arsenal Holdings plc, operates as a non-quoted public limited company, whose ownership is considerably different from that of other football clubs  Only 62,219 shares in Arsenal have been issued, and they are not traded on a public exchange such as the FTSE or AIM; instead, they are traded relatively infrequently on the ICAP Securities and Derivatives Exchange, a specialist market  On 29 May 2017, a single share in Arsenal had a mid price of £18,000, which sets the club's market capitalisation value at approximately £1,119 9m  Most football clubs are not listed on an exchange, which makes direct comparisons of their values difficult  Consultants Brand Finance valued the club's brand and intangible assets at $703m in 2015, and consider Arsenal an AAA global brand  Business magazine Forbes valued Arsenal as a whole at $2 238 billion (£1 69 billion) in 2018, ranked third in English football  Research by the Henley Business School ranked Arsenal second in English football, modelling the club's value at £1 118 billion in 2015 Arsenal's financial results for the 2019–20 season showed an after tax loss of £47 8m, due in part to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic  The Deloitte Football Money League is a publication that homogenises and compares clubs' annual revenue  Deloitte put Arsenal's footballing revenue in 2019 at £392 7m (€445 6m), ranking Arsenal eleventh among world football clubs  Arsenal and Deloitte both listed the match day revenue generated in 2019 by the Emirates Stadium as €109 2m (£96 2m) 

In popular culture
Partly due to their proximity to the Alexandra Palace transmitter, Arsenal have appeared in a number of media "firsts"  On 22 January 1927, their match at Highbury against Sheffield United was the first English League match to be broadcast live on radio  A decade later, on 16 September 1937, an exhibition match between Arsenal's first team and the reserves was the first football match in the world to be televised live  Arsenal also featured in the first edition of the BBC's Match of the Day, which screened highlights of their match against Liverpool at Anfield on 22 August 1964  Sky's coverage of Arsenal's January 2010 match against Manchester United was the first live public broadcast of a sports event on 3D television As one of the most successful teams in the country, Arsenal have often featured when football is depicted in the arts in Britain  They formed the backdrop to one of the earliest football-related novels, The Arsenal Stadium Mystery (1939), which was made into a film in the same year  The story centres on a friendly match between Arsenal and an amateur side, one of whose players is poisoned while playing  Many Arsenal players appeared as themselves in the film and manager George Allison was given a speaking part  The book Fever Pitch by Nick Hornby was an autobiographical account of Hornby's life and relationship with football and Arsenal in particular  Published in 1992, it formed part of the revival and rehabilitation of football in British society during the 1990s  The book was twice adapted for the cinema – the 1997 British film focuses on Arsenal's 1988–89 title win, and a 2005 American version features a fan of baseball's Boston Red Sox Arsenal have often been stereotyped as a defensive and "boring" side, especially during the 1970s and 1980s  In the 1997 film The Full Monty the principal characters move forward in a line and raise their hands, deliberately mimicking the Arsenal defence's offside trap, in an attempt to co-ordinate their striptease routine 
Fifteen years later an almost identical scene was included in the 2012 Disney science-fiction film John Carter (director and co-writer Andrew Stanton, a notable overseas supporter of the club), along with other visual cues and oblique dialogue hints and references to the club throughout the film 
Another film reference to the club's defence comes in the film Plunkett & Macleane, in which two characters are named Dixon and Winterburn after Arsenal's long-serving full backs – the right-sided Lee Dixon and the left-sided Nigel Winterburn In August 2022, Amazon Prime Video released an eight-episode docuseries called All or Nothing: Arsenal  It documented the club by spending time with the coaching staff and players behind the scenes both on and off the field throughout their 2021–22 season, in which they were the youngest team in the Premier League with an average starting age of 24 years and 308 days – more than a whole year younger than the next team 

In the community
In 1985, Arsenal founded a community scheme, "Arsenal in the Community", which offered sporting, social inclusion, educational and charitable projects  The club support a number of charitable causes directly and in 1992 established The Arsenal Charitable Trust, which by 2006 had raised more than £2 million for local causes  An ex-professional and celebrity football team associated with the club also raised money by playing charity matches  The club launched the Arsenal for Everyone initiative in 2008 as an annual celebration of the diversity of the Arsenal family  In the 2009–10 season Arsenal announced that they had raised a record breaking £818,897 for the Great Ormond Street Hospital Children's Charity  The original target was £500,000 Save the Children has been Arsenal global charity partner since 2011 and have worked together in numerous projects to improve safety and well-being for vulnerable children in London and abroad  On 3 September 2016 The Arsenal Foundation has donated £1m to build football pitches for children in London, Indonesia, Iraq, Jordan and Somalia thanks to The Arsenal Foundation Legends Match against Milan Glorie at the Emirates Stadium  On 3 June 2018, Arsenal played Real Madrid in the Corazon Classic Match 2018 at the Bernabeu, where the proceeds went to Realtoo Real Madrid Foundation projects that are aimed at the most vulnerable children  In addition there will be a return meeting on 8 September 2018 at the Emirates stadium where proceeds will go towards the Arsenal foundation In 2022, Arsenal and Adidas partnered up to launch the "No More Red" campaign to support the long-standing work being done by Arsenal in the Community to help keep young people safe from knife crime and youth violence  To promote the event, the club launched an exclusive all white kit that was not commercially available and only awarded to individuals who are making a positive difference in the community 

Players
First-team squad
As of 28 June 2023Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules  Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality 

Under-23s and Academy
As of 1 July 2023Players to have featured in a first-team matchday squad for ArsenalNote: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules  Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality 

Out on loan
Note: Flags indicate national team as defined under FIFA eligibility rules  Players may hold more than one non-FIFA nationality 

Management and staff
Current staff
Arsenal board
Statistics and records
Arsenal's tally of 13 League Championships is the third highest in English football, after Manchester United (20) and Liverpool (19),
and they were the first club to reach a seventh and an eighth League Championship  As of June 2020, they are one of seven teams, the others being Manchester United, Blackburn Rovers, Chelsea, Manchester City, Leicester City and Liverpool, to have won the Premier League since its formation in 1992 They hold the highest number of FA Cup trophies, with 14  The club is one of only six clubs to have won the FA Cup twice in succession, in 2002 and 2003, and 2014 and 2015 
Arsenal have achieved three League and FA Cup "Doubles" (in 1971, 1998 and 2002), a feat only previously achieved by Manchester United (in 1994, 1996 and 1999) 
They were the first side in English football to complete the FA Cup and League Cup double, in 1993 
Arsenal were also the first London club to reach the final of the UEFA Champions League, in 2006, losing the final 2–1 to Barcelona Arsenal have one of the best top-flight records in history, having finished below fourteenth only seven times  They have won the second most top flight league matches in English football, and have also accumulated the second most points, whether calculated by two points per win or by the contemporary points value  They have been in the top flight for the most consecutive seasons (95 as of 2020–21)  Arsenal also have the highest average league finishing position for the 20th century, with an average league placement of 8 5 Arsenal hold the record for the longest run of unbeaten League matches (49 between May 2003 and October 2004)  This included all 38 matches of their title-winning 2003–04 season, when Arsenal became only the second club to finish a top-flight campaign unbeaten, after Preston North End (who played only 22 matches) in 1888–89  They also hold the record for the longest top flight win streak  Arsenal set a Champions League record during the 2005–06 season by going ten matches without conceding a goal, beating the previous best of seven set by A C  Milan  They went a record total stretch of 995 minutes without letting an opponent score; the streak ended in the final, when Samuel Eto'o scored a 76th-minute equaliser for Barcelona David O'Leary holds the record for Arsenal appearances, having played 722 first-team matches between 1975 and 1993  Fellow centre half and former captain Tony Adams comes second, having played 669 times  The record for a goalkeeper is held by David Seaman, with 564 appearances  Thierry Henry is the club's top goalscorer with 228 goals in all competitions between 1999 and 2012,
having surpassed Ian Wright's total of 185 in October 2005 
Wright's record had stood since September 1997, when he overtook the longstanding total of 178 goals set by winger Cliff Bastin in 1939 
Henry also holds the club record for goals scored in the League, with 175, a record that had been held by Bastin until February 2006 Arsenal's record home attendance is 73,707, for a UEFA Champions League match against RC Lens on 25 November 1998 at Wembley Stadium, where the club formerly played home European matches because of the limits on Highbury's capacity  The record attendance for an Arsenal match at Highbury is 73,295, for a 0–0 draw against Sunderland on 9 March 1935, while that at Emirates Stadium is 60,161, for a 2–2 draw with Manchester United on 3 November 2007 

Honours
Arsenal's first ever silverware was won as the Royal Arsenal in 1890  The Kent Junior Cup, won by Royal Arsenal's reserves, was the club's first trophy, while the first team's first trophy came three weeks later when they won the Kent Senior Cup  Their first national senior honour came in 1930, when they won the FA Cup  The club enjoyed further success in the 1930s, winning another FA Cup and five Football League First Division titles  Arsenal won their first league and cup double in the 1970–71 season and twice repeated the feat, in 1997–98 and 2001–02, as well as winning a cup double of the FA Cup and League Cup in 1992–93 Seasons in bold are seasons when the club won a Double of the league and FA Cup, or of the FA Cup and League Cup  The 2003–04 season was the only 38-match league season unbeaten in English football history  A special gold version of the Premier League trophy was commissioned and presented to the club the following season As of 29 August 2020
  – Record
 †  – Shared title

County FAs
When the FA Cup was the only national football association competition available to Arsenal, the other football association competitions were County Cups, and they made up many of the matches the club played during a season  Arsenal's first first-team trophy was a County Cup, the inaugural Kent Senior Cup  Arsenal became ineligible for the London Cups when the club turned professional in 1891, and rarely participated in County Cups after this  Due to the club's original location within the borders of both the London and Kent Football Associations, Arsenal competed in and won trophies organised by each 

Other
During Arsenal's history, the club has participated in and won a variety of pre-season and friendly honours  These include Arsenal's own pre-season competition the Emirates Cup, begun in 2007  During the wars, previous competitions were widely suspended and the club had to participate in wartime competitions  During WWII, Arsenal won several of these 

Arsenal Women
Arsenal Women is the women's football club affiliated to Arsenal  Founded as Arsenal Ladies F C  in 1987 by Vic Akers, they turned semi-professional in 2002 and have been managed since 2021 by Jonas Eidevall; Akers holds the role of Honorary President of Arsenal Women  As part of the festivities surrounding their 30th anniversary in 2017, the club announced that they were changing their formal name to Arsenal Women F C , and would use "Arsenal" in all references except rare cases where there might be confusion with the men's side Arsenal Women are the most successful team in English women's football having won a total of 58 trophies  In the 2008–09 season, they won all three major English trophies – the FA Women's Premier League, FA Women's Cup and FA Women's Premier League Cup, and, as of 2017, were the only English side to have won the UEFA Women's Cup or UEFA Women's Champions League, having won the Cup in the 2006–07 season as part of a unique quadruple  The men's and women's clubs are formally separate entities but have close ties; Arsenal Women are entitled to play at the Emirates Stadium, though they usually play their home matches at Meadow Park in Borehamwood 

Footnotes
Passage 2:
Singapore FA Cup
The Singapore FA Cup, (also known as the Singapore Pools FA Cup for sponsorship reasons), is an annual football competition in Singapore Initially held for clubs from the S League from 1996-1998, the Football Association of Singapore decided to change format of the cup to allow only teams from National Football League to take part in the knock out competition from 1999,
so that the S League clubs can focus on Singapore Cup, competition created in 1998 After the Singapore Cup and earlier League Cup, Singapore FA Cup is the next major cup competition in Singapore  For a number of years, the FA Cup was solely restricted to NFL clubs  In 2006, S League clubs were once again allowed in the competition, but were only permitted to field their developmental Prime League teams  The team matchups were drawn out of a hat against one another for the initial 2006 and 2007 seasons, before being seeded into two groups since 2008 

Results
Note: 
Tampines Rovers SC is a separate entity from Tampines Rovers 
SAFSA is a separate entity from Singapore Armed Forces 
Police SA is a separate entity from Home United (formerly Police FC) 
Passage 3:
Arthur James (footballer)
Arthur James (January 1855 – June 1911) was an English footballer who played as an outside right for Small Heath Alliance, later to become Birmingham City, from the foundation of the club in 1875 until his career was ended by injury in 1887 
James was born in Longbridge, Birmingham  He played for the cricket club associated with Holy Trinity Church, in Bordesley, Birmingham, and together with his fellow members decided to form a football club for exercise and society in the winter months  The club, which they called Small Heath Alliance, played its first match in November 1875 on some waste ground in Arthur Street, Bordesley  James's brothers Tommy and Fred played in that first fixture, a 1–1 draw with Holte Wanderers of Aston, though he himself did not He was appointed club captain in 1878, retaining the position until 1885, and was regularly selected to represent the Birmingham County F A  in challenge matches against other major associations  In its centenary volume, the association describes the club as

blessed in having Arthur James from 1878 to 1885 as their captain, this player ranking as one of the most brilliant wing forwards of the day, he often represented the Birmingham Association at a time when competition was keen 
He made five appearances in the FA Cup, scoring three goals  His career ended in 1887 through a combination of illness and injury James died in Birmingham in June 1911, aged 56 
Passage 4:
History of Chelsea F C 
The History of Chelsea F C  spans the period from 1905 to the present day:

History of Chelsea F C  (1905–1952)
History of Chelsea F C  (1952–1983)
History of Chelsea F C  (1983–2003)
History of Chelsea F C  (2003–2022)
History of Chelsea F C  (2022–present)For a season-by-season account of Chelsea's history, see List of Chelsea F C  seasons 

See also
Chelsea F C  § History
Passage 5:
1894–95 FA Cup
The 1894–95 FA Cup was the 24th season of the world's oldest association football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (more usually known as the FA Cup)  The cup was won by Aston Villa, who defeated West Bromwich Albion 1–0 in the final of the competition, played at Crystal Palace in London  This was Villa's second victory in the FA Cup 
The Trophy was stolen from a display in the shop window of W  Shillcock (a football fitter) in Newton Row, Birmingham, after the Final and never recovered despite a £10 reward  According to the Police, it was taken sometime between 21:30 on Wednesday 11 September and 7:30 the following morning, along with cash from a drawer  The cup was replaced by a copy of the original, made by Howard Vaughton, the former Aston Villa player and England international, who had opened a silversmith's business after his retirement from the game 
Matches were scheduled to be played at the stadium of the team named first on the date specified for each round, which was always a Saturday  If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played, a replay would take place at the stadium of the second-named team later the same week  If the replayed match was drawn further replays would be held at neutral venues until a winner was determined  If scores were level after 90 minutes had been played in a replay, a 30-minute period of extra time would be played 

Calendar
The format of the FA Cup for the season had a preliminary round, four qualifying rounds, three proper rounds, and the semi-finals and final 

First round proper
The first round proper contained sixteen ties between 32 teams  The 16 First Division sides were given a bye to this round, as were Notts County, Darwen, Bury, Newcastle United, Newton Heath and Woolwich Arsenal from the Second Division  The other Second Division sides were entered into the first round qualifying, with the exceptions of Burton Swifts, who started in the second round qualifying, and Manchester City, who played no part in the season's competition  Of the qualifying League sides, only Burton Wanderers and Leicester Fosse qualified to the FA Cup proper  Eight non-league sides also qualified 
The matches were played on Saturday, 2 February 1895  One match was drawn, with the replay taking place in the following midweek fixture  The Barnsley St Peter's – Liverpool game was voided following a dispute over extra time being played   The match was replayed nine days later, resulting in a 4–0 win to Liverpool 

Second round proper
The eight Second Round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 16 February 1895  There were two replays, played in the following midweek fixture 

Third round proper
The four Third Round matches were scheduled for Saturday, 2 March 1895  There were no replays 

Semi-finals
The semi-final matches were both played on Saturday, 16 March 1895  Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion went on to meet in the final at Crystal Palace 

Final
The Final was contested by Aston Villa and West Bromwich Albion at Crystal Palace  Aston Villa won 1–0, with Bob Chatt being credited with scoring the fastest goal in FA Cup Final history, scored after just 30 seconds  Devey found Hodgetts, whose cross was laid off by Athersmith to Chatt, whose half volley took a deflection 

Match details
See also
FA Cup Final Results 1872-
Passage 6:
List of FIFA World Cup finals
The FIFA World Cup is an international association football competition contested by the senior men's national teams of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA), the sport's global governing body  The championship has been awarded every four years since 1930, except in 1942 and 1946, when it was not held because of World War II 
The World Cup final match is the last of the competition, played by the only two teams remaining in contention, and the result determines which country is declared the world champion  It is a one-off match decided in regulation time  In case of a draw, extra time is used  If scores are then still level, a penalty shoot-out determines the winner, under the rules in force since 1986; prior to that, finals still tied after extra time would have been replayed, though this never proved necessary  The golden goal rule would have applied during extra time in 1998 and 2002, but was not put in practice either 
The only exception to this type of format was the 1950 World Cup, which featured a final round-robin group of four teams; the decisive match of that group is often regarded as the de facto final of that tournament, including by FIFA itself The team that wins the final receives the FIFA World Cup Trophy, and its name is engraved on the bottom side of the trophy  Of 80 different nations that have appeared in the tournament, 13 have made it to the final, and 8 have won  Brazil, the only team that has participated in every World Cup, is also the most successful team in the competition, having won five titles and finished second twice  Italy and Germany have four titles each, with Germany having reached more finals than any other team, eight  Current champion Argentina has three titles, Uruguay and France have two each, while England and Spain have one each  Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Sweden, the Netherlands and Croatia have played in the final without winning  Only teams from Europe (UEFA) and South America (CONMEBOL) have ever competed in the final 
Argentina defeated France on penalties in the latest final, staged at Qatar's Lusail Stadium in 2022 

List of final matches
Results
See also
List of FIFA Confederations Cup finals
List of FIFA Women's World Cup finals
List of UEFA European Championship finals
List of FIFA World Cup final goalscorers

Footnotes
Passage 7:
Second City derby
In English football, the Second City derby or Birmingham derby, is the local derby between the two major clubs in the city of Birmingham – Aston Villa and Birmingham City, first contested in 1879  Villa play at Villa Park while Birmingham play at St Andrew's, the two grounds separated by roughly 2 4 miles (3 9 km)  It is known as the Second City Derby based on Birmingham being referred to as the second city of the United Kingdom  The two clubs are generally regarded as each other's most fierce rivals  In addition both sides have affiliated women's sides, Aston Villa W F C  and Birmingham City W F C 

History
The clubs first met on 27 September 1879, when Birmingham City were called Small Heath Alliance  The game, on a pitch at Small Heath's Muntz Street ground described by the Villa players as "only suitable for pot-holing", finished 1–0 – recorded as "one goal and a disputed goal to nil" – to the home side  Villa won the first competitive game between the clubs, in the Second Round of the FA Cup at Wellington Road in 1887, by four goals to nil, and their first league encounter, in the First Division in the 1894–95 season, 2–1 The two teams have engaged in several hotly contested matches  In the 1925 league game at Villa Park, with the home side 3–0 ahead with eleven minutes to go, Blues scored three times in a dramatic final spell to draw the match  The following year, Aston Villa made headlines with the signing of Tom 'Pongo' Waring, and his first appearance was for the reserves against Birmingham City's reserves, which famously drew a crowd of 23,000  Waring scored three times in the match The most significant clash was the final of the 1963 League Cup, which was staged not long after Aston Villa had beaten Birmingham City 4–0 in the league  Blues won 3–1 on aggregate over the two-legged final to claim their first major domestic honour During the late 1970s to early 1980s both Villa and Blues met regularly in the First Division and both teams had some memorable successes in the fixture  In 1980–81 Villa did the double over Blues and went on to win the First Division title  Blues scored a memorable 3–0 victory at St Andrew's in the first meeting following Villa's European Cup triumph in 1982  Both teams promptly went into decline  Blues racked up a 3–0 win in a relegation battle at Villa Park in March 1986 but were relegated at the end of that season  Villa would be demoted the following campaign  The next time Villa met Blues in a league fixture at Villa Park again was in the Second Division and saw a 2–0 Blues victory  The reverse fixture at St Andrew's was a 2–1 Villa victory with both goals coming from Garry Thompson  The two sides would only meet again in the 1980s in cup competitions  Villa won 7–0 on aggregate when they clashed twice in the 1988–89 League Cup  The same season Villa also won a Full Members Cup clash 6–0 

The Premier League Era
Following the creation of the Premier League, Aston Villa and Birmingham City met twice in the second round of the 1993–94 League Cup  Villa won both matches 1–0  The game at St Andrew's was settled by a Kevin Richardson goal after his keeper Mark Bosnich had saved a penalty from John Frain to keep the game at 0–0  The second leg at Villa Park was notable for a winning goal from Villa's Dean Saunders and a red card for Blues' Paul Tait  Villa went on to win the trophy 
Blues' promotion to the Premier League in 2002 saw fans eagerly anticipating the first league derbies in 15 years  Blues won both derbies 3–0 and 2–0, respectively  Both matches saw goalkeeping errors by Villa goalkeeper Peter Enckelman, including a goal scored directly from an Olof Mellberg throw-in  Violence between both sets of fans occurred before both matches as evening kick-off times had allowed fans to get drunk over the course of the day  In March 2003, during the game at Villa Park, two Villa players were sent off, Dion Dublin for a head-butt on Blues' Robbie Savage and Joey Guðjónsson for a reckless two-footed tackle on Matthew Upson  Trouble also took place following the game on Witton Lane outside Villa Park, where missiles were hurled at police who were attempting to keep both sets of fans apart 
The 2003–04 Premiership season saw games ending in 0–0 and 2–2 draws  The 2–2 draw saw Blues recover a two-goal deficit thanks to a 90th-minute equaliser from Stern John  Both games were lunchtime kick-offs to avoid drunken behaviour, which was achieved although the games lost none of their passionate edge  The following season Blues got back to winning ways, with 2–1 victory at Villa Park just before Christmas and 2–0 at home in March, Villa keeper Thomas Sørensen making mistakes in both matches, though it's debatable if his errors directly affected the respective results  In the 2005–06 Premiership Season, Villa finally beat Blues in the Premiership, thanks to a Kevin Phillips goal  This was followed up by another Villa victory on 16 April 2006, Easter Sunday, with Aston Villa winning 3–1 thanks to two goals from Milan Baroš and a bicycle kick from Gary Cahill  Blues were relegated in 2006 but subsequently promoted in 2007 
In November 2007, Villa won their third consecutive derby match with a 2–1 victory at St Andrew's  Former Villa defender Liam Ridgewell scored an own goal to put Villa 1–0 up, Blues equalised through Mikael Forssell only for Gabriel Agbonlahor to clinch it with a late header for Villa, having cleared off his own line seconds before  Violent clashes took place outside the ground after the game in which over 20 police officers were hurt  The derby on 20 April 2008 between the two sides ended in a 5–1 win for Aston Villa at Villa Park, the biggest winning margin for either side in a league match for 40 years 
Villa continued their winning ways in the derby, when they won both of the meetings between the clubs in the 2009–10 Premier League season  The first took place on 13 September 2009 at St Andrew's, and ended 1–0 to Aston Villa, with Agbonlahor scoring the winner in the 85th minute, once again there was trouble with 14 arrests  Villa then went on to beat Blues 1–0 at Villa Park thanks to a disputed penalty from James Milner in the 82nd minute  This was the 3rd time in 4 derbies that Villa had scored the winning goal in the final 10 minutes of the game  Villa also possess the record of six straight wins from 1987 to 1993, including five cup matches  This record was then achieved in the Premier League after Villa beat Blues 1–0 on 25 April 2010, setting a record of six straight league wins from 2005 to 2010  The record was finally ended at the next derby match on 31 October 2010, which resulted in a 0–0 draw at Villa Park  The return match at St Andrew's also ended in a draw, with it finishing 1–1 
In those games in October and December 2010 where Aston Villa played Birmingham City, at Villa Park (Premier League, 31 October) and St Andrew's (League Cup, 1 December, which was the first mid-week game between the two sides since 2003) violence between the two sets of supporters and hooligan firms occurred, with many fans being arrested  In the first game, there were scenes of violence outside Villa Park and there were a small amount of arrests including a Birmingham City club chef  In the second of the two games (and larger scale violence) after Blues had beaten Villa 2–1, Blues supporters came onto the pitch and confronted the visiting Villa fans, this resulted in flares, ripped out seats and other missiles being hurled by Villa fans into the Blues supporters, there were also flash points before and after the game including the attack on a Blues supporters pub by Villa hooligans, the events were described as a "warzone" by a supporter who attended the game  Birmingham City were later fined £40,000 by the Football Association for failing to control their fans On 10 April 2011, an episode of Police Academy UK, a TV show aired on BBC Three which documents overseas police officers' introduction to British crime and policing, was set in Birmingham and covered the violence that occurred at the game between Birmingham City and Aston Villa on 1 December 2010 On 17 June 2011, Birmingham City manager Alex McLeish swapped Blues for Villa in a move that shocked the football world  The reaction from both sets of supporters was one of anger  Blues supporters were angry at McLeish, who guided them to only their second ever major trophy win in February 2011, for betraying them to join bitter rivals Villa, and Villa fans were unhappy with the appointment of a manager that had got Blues relegated twice in four seasons, and was perceived to play a negative style of football; that he came from Blues only served to rub salt into the wound of the board making such an unambitious and negative appointment  Several hundred Villa supporters protested at Villa Park when it emerged that Villa owner Randy Lerner has begun talks with McLeish  McLeish received death threats from followers of both teams following his appointment as Aston Villa manager  This controversial move only increased tension and hostility between the players, supporters and owners of both clubs even more as Blues directors threatened legal action against Villa for allegedly "tapping up" McLeish, who resigned as Blues manager on 12 June 2011, while he was still under contract at Birmingham City  McLeish's appointment marked the first time in history that a manager had moved directly from Birmingham City to Aston Villa  On 14 May 2012, one day after the 2011–12 Premier League season ended, McLeish was sacked as Villa manager after a massively disappointing one season in charge 

The EFL Championship Era
After being relegated in 2011, Birmingham are still yet to gain promotion back to the top flight of English football  However, since Alex McLeish was sacked as Villa manager, Villa's poor form continued  Despite several manager changes over the next few years, after several close calls they were finally relegated at the end of the 2015/16 season  Earlier on in the 2015/16 season, the two teams were drawn to play each other in the third round of the League Cup  Aston Villa ran out 1–0 winners thanks to a goal from Rudy Gestede  
In the 2016–17 season the two teams faced off in the second tier of English football for the first time since 1987  The first game at St Andrew's ended in a 1–1 draw  Villa won the second match 1–0 with a 69th-minute goal scored by Agbonlahor  The two sides faced each other again in the league during the 2017/18 season, producing a dismal 0–0 draw at St  Andrews marred by Birmingham fans throwing clappers at the Villa players all throughout the game, before Villa emphatically fortified their second city superiority with a 2–0 victory in front of 41,232 spectators at Villa Park  Some fans believed this game to be a coming of age for lifelong Villa fan and local Jack Grealish, who produced a match-winning man-of-the-match display  
The teams next met on 25 November in one of the most exciting derby games in recent times, Villa ran out 4-2 winners after goals from Jonathan Kodjia, Jack Grealish, a Tammy Abraham penalty and Alan Hutton who ran half the length of the pitch to score, Pedersen and Lukas Jutkiewicz scored for Birmingham On 10 March 2019, a Birmingham City fan invaded the pitch during the reverse fixture at St  Andrew's and assaulted Aston Villa captain Jack Grealish on the pitch by punching him from behind in the head, which was labelled as "disgraceful and cowardly" by supporters of both teams  The man was arrested and charged by West Midlands Police  St Andrew's' security was criticised as a result  The game ended in an ironic twist with a 1–0 win for Aston Villa with Grealish scoring the winning goal  At the end of the same season, Villa were promoted as they won ten in a row including that game  Since then, this fiercely contested fixture hasn't been played between the two rivals 

Women's Sides
Birmingham City W F C  were founded in 1968, whilst Aston Villa W F C  were founded in 1973 as Solihull F C , and took on their current Aston Villa guise in 1996  During the 2000-01 and 2001-02 seasons both teams competed in the second tier FA Women's Premier League North  Birmingham were then promoted to the Women's Premier League National with Villa joining them for one season in 2003-04 before being relegated  Then followed 18 years of the teams being in different divisions, Birmingham being in the top tier and Villa elsewhere, until the 2020–21 Women's Super League season when Villa were promoted up to join Blues  In the first ever WSL match between the two sides Birmingham beat Villa 1–0 at an empty Villa Park (due to restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom), while the Birmingham's home match which was also played behind closed doors at Damson Park, Solihull was a 1–1 draw  In the 2021–22 season, Aston Villa won 1–0 at St  Andrew's  Birmingham returned the favour and won 1–0 at Villa Park on 8 May 2022, the final day of the season, as they were relegated to the FA Women's Championship As of the 2021–22 Birmingham currently play at St Andrew's, home of the men's team, having played at Redditch Utd, Stratford Town and Solihull Moors in the 21st century  Villa play at Walsall's Bescot Stadium, having moved from Boldmere St Michaels - although important games such as the Second City Derby will often take place at Villa Park 

Statistics and records
As of the end of the 2010–11 season, there have been 120 meetings in major competition between the two teams since the first FA Cup meeting in 1887, of which Aston Villa have won 52 and Birmingham City 38  The most goals in one game were scored in a league game on 7 July 1895, in the First Division, as Small Heath lost to Aston Villa 7–3  The biggest winning margin was 6–0 to Aston Villa on 9 November 1988, in a Full Members Cup fixture  The last Birmingham City league victory over Aston Villa was on 20 March 2005, when Blues won 2–0 at St Andrew's  Villa won six encounters in a row, most recently on 25 April 2010 (2005–2010)  The two teams drew for the first time in over six years in the next match (the first of three in the 2010–11 season), with the match finishing 0–0 (the other Premier League match of the season also finished as a draw)  The second match of the season resulted in the first Blues win since 2005, as they beat Villa 2–1 in the 2010–11 League Cup Quarter Final on 1 December 2010 

All-time results
Cup matches
Women's matches
Summary of results
Stats correct as of 10 March 2019 

Records
Firsts
First competitive meeting: Aston Villa 4–0 Small Heath Alliance (FA Cup), 5 November 1887 
First league meeting: Aston Villa 2–1 Small Heath, 1 September 1894 
First away victory for Aston Villa: Small Heath 1–4 Aston Villa, 26 October 1895 
First away victory for Birmingham City: Aston Villa 1–3 Birmingham, 20 January 1906 

Results
Highest scoring game: Aston Villa 7–3 Small Heath, 7 September 1895 
Largest winning margin (Aston Villa): 6 goals – 6–0, 9 November 1988 
Largest winning margin (Birmingham City): 4 goals – 4–0, 21 September 1968 

Players
Most goals in a match (Aston Villa):
Most goals in a match (Birmingham City):

Trends
Most games won in a row (Aston Villa): 6, 16 October 2005 to 25 April 2010 
Most games won in a row (Birmingham City): 5, 3 April 1976 – 25 February 1978 
Most games without defeat (Aston Villa): 14, 16 October 2005 – on going
Most games without defeat (Birmingham City): 6, 8 March 1933 – 23 November 1935 and 16 September 2002 – 20 March 2005 
Most drawn games in a row: 4, 10 December 1949 – 21 September 1955 
Whenever the clubs have met in the Premier League the result has always been the same during that particular season: 2002/2003– 2 Blues wins, 2003/2004– 2 draws, 2004/2005– 2 Blues wins, 2005/2006– 2 Villa Wins, 2007/2008– 2 Villa wins, 2009/2010– 2 Villa wins, 2010/11- 2 draws 

Top scorers
The following is a list of the top goal scorers for each team in the fixture  Only players who have scored 4 or more goals feature 

Crossing the divide
Players
Unlike, for example, the Old Firm derby, there is no shortage of players who have appeared for both clubs  Villa legend Harry Hampton transferred to Blues after the First World War and helped the club to the Second Division title  The last established first-team player to make this move was Des Bremner in 1984, though there had been loan signings and movement of youth players during this period  The most recent permanent transfer from Aston Villa to Birmingham City was that of Gary Gardner in Summer 2019, his brother Craig was the previous player to move from Villa to Birmingham in 2010  The last player to move directly in the other direction was Spanish Winger Jota in the same transfer window 
Notable players who have been transferred directly between the clubs are listed below 

Aston Villa to Birmingham City
Notes
The players listed above made a direct transfer from Villa to Blues  In addition, there are several players who have "crossed the divide" but done so via another league club 
European Cup winner Dennis Mortimer – regarded by Villa fans as one of their greatest ever players – also played for Birmingham City in the 1986/7 season 
Kevin Phillips played for Villa in the 2005/06 season before moving to Blues in 2008 via West Bromwich Albion 

Birmingham City to Aston Villa
Notes
The players listed above made a direct transfer from Blues to Villa  In addition, there are several high-profile players who have "crossed the divide" but done so via another league club  Notable examples include former England international Emile Heskey and European Cup winner Peter Withe 
Chris Sutton was released by Birmingham City at the end of the 2005–06 season  His next club was Aston Villa, for whom he signed for in October 2006 
Scott Sinclair has played on loan at both clubs  He was on loan at Birmingham City while he was playing for Chelsea during the 2008–09 season and he was on loan at Aston Villa during the 2014–15 season before signing permanently from Manchester City 

Managers
Former Aston Villa Manager Ron Saunders, who managed Villa to League Cup success in 1975 and again in 1977 before taking the club to its first Championship success for 70 years in 1981, also moved across to Birmingham City following his resignation in 1982 
Alex McLeish's appointment as Aston Villa manager in June 2011 after resigning from Birmingham City five days before was the first time in history a manager has moved from Birmingham City to Aston Villa  The move shocked the football world and increased tension between the two clubs even more Former Birmingham City Manager Steve Bruce was appointed Villa manager in 2016 

Aston Villa to Birmingham City
Birmingham City to Aston Villa
Chairmen
Doug Ellis was a director of Birmingham City in the late 1960s before becoming part of a consortium which took over at Aston Villa in 1968 

See also
Aston Villa Hardcore (hooligan firm)
Birmingham Zulu Warriors (hooligan firm)
List of Aston Villa F C  seasons
List of Birmingham City F C  seasons
List of Aston Villa F C  records and statistics
List of Birmingham City F C  records and statistics
Context 2: Passage 1:
The Beach (film)
The Beach is a 2000 adventure drama film directed by Danny Boyle, from a screenplay by John Hodge, based on the 1996 novel of the same name by Alex Garland  The film stars Leonardo DiCaprio, Tilda Swinton, Virginie Ledoyen, Guillaume Canet, and Robert Carlyle  It was filmed on the Thai island of Ko Phi Phi Le 
The film was a moderate box office success but received mixed-to-negative reviews from critics 

Plot
Richard, a young American seeking adventure in Bangkok, stays in a drab travelers' hotel on Khao San Road where he meets a young French couple, Françoise and Étienne  He also meets Daffy, who tells him of a pristine, uninhabited island in the Gulf of Thailand with a beautiful hidden beach  Daffy explains that he settled there in secret several years earlier, but difficulties arose and he left  Daffy commits suicide, leaving Richard a map to the island  Richard persuades Françoise and Étienne to accompany him to the island, and the three travel to Ko Samui  Richard meets two American surfers who have heard rumors of the island and he gives them a copy of the map 
En route to the island, Richard becomes infatuated with Françoise  After swimming to the island from a neighbouring island, they find a cannabis plantation guarded by armed Thai farmers  Avoiding detection, they make their way across the island and meet Keaty, who brings them to a community of travellers living on the island in secret  Sal, the community's English leader, explains that the farmers allow them to stay so long as they keep to themselves and do not allow any more travelers to come to the island  Richard lies that they have not shown the map to anyone else  The trio becomes integrated into the community 
One night, Françoise invites Richard to the beach, where she tells him that she is falling in love with him and they start an affair   Despite hoping to keep it secret, the community finds out  Although he is angry, Étienne says he will not stand in their way if Françoise is happier with Richard 
Sal selects Richard to accompany her on a supply run to Ko Pha Ngan  They encounter the American surfers who are preparing to search for the island and mention Richard's map  Sal is upset but believes Richard when he says they have no map  To ensure that Sal will not tell the rest of the island about the map, Richard has sex with her at her order   On their return to the island, Richard lies to Françoise about having had sex with Sal 
Three of the community fishermen are attacked by a shark while spearfishing  One is killed and another, Christo, is severely injured  Now terrified of the water, Christo refuses to be taken to the mainland for medical treatment and Sal refuses to allow any doctors to be brought to the island to treat him  As the man's condition worsens, the islanders simply leave him in the jungle to die, but Etienne refuses to abandon him 
When the surfers turn up on the neighboring island, Sal orders Richard to send them away and destroy their map  She tells everyone that she and Richard had sex, which leaves Françoise angry and heartbroken, causing her to return to Étienne  Isolated from the group, Richard begins to lose his sanity, imagining that he is conversing with the deceased Daffy 
The surfers reach the island but are discovered and killed by the farmers  Shocked at witnessing their deaths, Richard smothers Christo to put him out of his misery and gathers Françoise and Étienne to leave the island 
Richard is captured by the farmers along with Françoise and Étienne  The farmers are furious with the community for breaking their deal not to allow any more newcomers  The lead farmer gives Sal a gun loaded with a single bullet and orders her to make a choice: kill Richard and the group will be allowed to stay, or else they must all leave immediately  Sal pulls the trigger, but the chamber is empty  Shocked by her willingness to commit murder, the other members of the community abandon Sal, leave the island, and go their separate ways 
Back in the United States, Richard receives an email at an Internet cafe from Françoise with a nostalgic group photograph of the beach community in happier times 

Cast
Leonardo DiCaprio as Richard, a freelance traveler 
Tilda Swinton as Sal, the leader of the beach community 
Virginie Ledoyen as Françoise, the girlfriend of Étienne, and Richard's love interest 
Guillaume Canet as Étienne, the boyfriend of Françoise 
Robert Carlyle as Daffy, the eccentric former member of the beach community 
Paterson Joseph as Keaty, a member of the beach community who loves cricket 
Lars Arentz-Hansen as Bugs, Sal's South-African boyfriend and the beach community's carpenter 
Daniel Caltagirone as Unhygienix, the beach community's chef who has an obsession with soap due to having to always prepare the fish for consumption 
Staffan Kihlbom, Jukka Hiltunen, and Magnus Lindgren as Christo, Karl, and Sten, the beach community's Swedish fishermen 
Victoria Smurfit as Weathergirl, a member of the beach community whose tightening pelvis has been a sign for rain 
Zelda Tinska and Lidija Zovkić as Sonja and Mirjana, two beach community members who come from Sarajevo 
Samuel Gough as Guitarman, the beach community's residential guitarist who is not a good singer 
Peter Youngblood Hills and Jerry Swindall as Zeph and Sammy, two Americans whom Richard meets in Ko Samui 
Saskia Mulder and Simone Huber as Hilda and Eva, two women who accompany Zeph and Sammy to the island 
Peter Gevisser as Gregorio, an Italian member of the beach community 
Abhijati 'Meuk' Jusakul as the leader of the cannabis farmers 

Production
Ewan McGregor was cast as the main character before leaving due to disputes with the director  It was speculated that Boyle was offered additional funding under the condition that DiCaprio be cast and his character made American  Whilst promoting T2 Trainspotting on The Graham Norton Show, the dispute was discussed in more depth, with McGregor stating "It was a mis-handling and a mis-understanding over the film and it's a big regret of mine that it went on for so very long    and it didn't matter about The Beach, it was never about that  It was about our friendship  I felt like Danny's actor and it made me a bit rudderless " 
Boyle stated, "I handled it very very badly and I have apologised to Ewan for it  I felt a great shame about it and how it was handled "Members of the cast and crew were involved in a boating accident during production  It was reported that the incident involved both Boyle and DiCaprio  No one was injured The beach seen in the film is not the same as in real life  There is a gap between mountains on the actual beach in Thailand  The special effects crew digitally added some of the surrounding mountains during the post-production phase 
The waterfall scene, where DiCaprio and others jump from a high cliff to the water below, was filmed in Khao Yai National Park in central Thailand, at the Haew Suwat Waterfall 
The map in the film was illustrated by the author of the book that The Beach was based upon, Alex Garland  He received credit for this as the cartographer 
In 1999, Hélène de Fougerolles auditioned for the film but casting directors immediately told her that she was not mysterious enough for the character as she arrived with blond hair in pigtails  She asked them if she could "be an extra or serve coffees there, three months in Thailand, it sounds idyllic!"  Although firstly reluctant because the actress was already established in the industry, they finally accepted  As journalists were not allowed to come take pictures on set, the only picture the press could have of Guillaume Canet and Virginie Ledoyen before shooting started was their departure at Paris airport with de Fougerolles  They made it the cover of Studio Magazine, from which the international press reported her as officially cast  This eventually lent her lines edited out of the final cut but present in the DVD extras 

Release
The film opened February 11, 2000 in both the United Kingdom and the United States The budget of the film was US$50 million  The film opened at number 2 at the box office in both the UK and the US, with a weekend gross of $15,277,921 in the United States and Canada behind Scream 3, and a gross of £2,418,321 in the United Kingdom behind Toy Story 2  Global takings totaled over US$144 million, of which US$39 million was from the United States and Canada 

Home video
The film has been released on VHS and DVD  It was released on Blu-ray in Spain in October 2022   The standard DVD release included nine scenes that were deleted from the film, including an alternative opening which to an extent resembles the one in the novel  These  were later included in a Special Edition DVD release, along with Danny Boyle's commentary on what might have been their purpose  There is also an alternative ending which depicts Sal committing suicide and everyone loading up on a boat from the raft 

Soundtrack
The soundtrack for the film, co-produced by Pete Tong, features the international hits "Pure Shores" by All Saints and "Porcelain" by Moby, as well as tracks by New Order, Blur, Underworld, Orbital, Faithless, Sugar Ray, and others  Leftfield's contribution to the soundtrack, "Snakeblood", was found to have sampled Orchestral Manoeuvres in the Dark's "Almost" without permission, leading to a lawsuit; band member Neil Barnes said he forgot to remove the sample from the finished track  The songs "Synasthasia" by Junkie XL, "Out of Control" by The Chemical Brothers, "Fiesta Conga" by Movin' Melodies, "Redemption Song" by Bob Marley, "Neon Reprise" by Lunatic Calm and "Smoke Two Joints" by Chris Kay and Michael Kay were also included in the movie but omitted from the soundtrack  The teaser trailer for the film featured "Touched" by VAST 
The film score was composed by Angelo Badalamenti, and a separate album containing selections of his score was released as well 

Track listing
Year-end charts
Certifications
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film holds an approval rating of 20% based on 119 reviews, and an average rating of 4 4/10  The website's critical consensus reads, "The Beach is unfocused and muddled, a shallow adaptation of the novel it is based on  Points go to the gorgeous cinematography, though " On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 43 out of 100, based on 34 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews" Critics suggested that DiCaprio's fame post-Titanic might have contributed to the financial success of this film, which came out less than three years after the James Cameron blockbuster  CNN's Paul Clinton said "Leonardo DiCaprio's main fan base of screaming adolescent girls won't be disappointed with The Beach  The majority of the film displays the titanic-sized young heartthrob sans his shirt in this story about the pseudo-angst and alienation of a young man from the United States escaping civilization and his computer-obsessed generation " He agreed with most others that The Beach was "nothing to write home about"  DiCaprio was nominated for a Razzie Award for Worst Actor for his work on the film 

Controversies
Damage to filming location
Controversy arose during the making of the film due to 20th Century Fox's bulldozing and landscaping of the natural beach setting of Ko Phi Phi Le to make it more "paradise-like"  The production altered some sand dunes and cleared some coconut trees and grass to widen the beach  Fox set aside a fund to reconstruct and return the beach to its natural state; however, lawsuits were filed by environmentalists who believed the damage to the ecosystem was permanent and restoration attempts had failed   Following shooting of the film, there was a clear flat area at one end of the beach that was created artificially with an odd layout of trees which was never rectified, and the entire area remained damaged from the original state until the tsunami of 2004 The lawsuits dragged on for years  In 2006, Thailand's Supreme Court upheld an appellate court ruling that the filming had harmed the environment and ordered that damage assessments be made  Defendants in the case included 20th Century Fox and some Thai government officials The large increase in tourist traffic to the beach as a result of the film resulted in environmental damage to the bay and the nearby coral reefs, prompting Thai authorities to close the beach in 2018 The restoration period for the bay was lengthened due to travel restrictions during the COVID pandemic  Blacktip sharks began breeding there again  In 2022, the bay reopened to tourists, under strict protocols of no boats, no swimming and no more than a one hour visit per person for a limited number of visitors at a time 

Portrayal of Thailand
After the film premiered in Thailand in 2000, some Thai politicians were upset at the way Thailand was depicted in the film and called for it to be banned  The depiction of the drug culture was said to give Thailand a bad image and having a statue of Buddha in a bar was cited as "blasphemous" 

Possible spin-off
In a 2019 interview with The Independent, Danny Boyle revealed that a television series based on his film has been written by Amy Seimetz  The proposed series is set to take place before the events from the 1996 novel, although it will be updated to occur 20 years later, in 2016 

See also
Phi Phi Islands
Passage 2:
Sylvan Beach Union Chapel
Sylvan Beach Union Chapel is a historic interdenominational church building located at Sylvan Beach in Oneida County, New York   It opened on July 3, 1887, and worship services have been held there every summer since then   The film The Sterile Cuckoo starring Liza Minnelli was shot in part at the church It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009 
Passage 3:
Spring Lake, Alberta
Spring Lake, originally named Edmonton Beach, is a village in central Alberta, Canada  It is located on the eastern shore of Spring Lake, approximately 20 km (12 mi) and 40 km (25 mi) west of the cities of Spruce Grove and Edmonton respectively  Hasse Lake is located 6 km (3 7 mi) southwest of Spring Lake  It was known as the Summer Village of Edmonton Beach from 1959 to 1999 

Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Spring Lake had a population of 711 living in 286 of its 308 total private dwellings, a change of 1 7% from its 2016 population of 699  With a land area of 2 28 km2 (0 88 sq mi), it had a population density of 311 8/km2 (807 7/sq mi) in 2021 In the 2016 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, the Village of Spring Lake recorded a population of 699 living in 261 of its 303 total private dwellings, a 31 1% change from its 2011 population of 533  With a land area of 2 33 km2 (0 90 sq mi), it had a population density of 300 0/km2 (777 0/sq mi) in 2016 The Village of Spring Lake's 2012 municipal census counted a population of 614, a 3 7% increase over its 2007 municipal census population of 592 

Services
There is a large RV park on the east side of the lake, which has a small camping store which sells candy, newspapers, and a variety of camping items  Other than this there are no commercial businesses in the village 

See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of villages in Alberta
Passage 4:
Bang Bon District
Bang Bon (Thai: บางบอน, pronounced [bāːŋ bɔ̄ːn]) is one of the 50 districts (khet) of Bangkok, Thailand  Its neighbours, clockwise from north, are Bang Khae, Phasi Charoen, Chom Thong, and Bang Khun Thian districts of Bangkok, Mueang Samut Sakhon district and Krathum Baen district of Samut Sakhon province, and Nong Khaem district of Bangkok 

History
Formerly Bang Bon was a tambon of amphoe Bang Khun Thian in Thonburi Province, prior to the merger of Thonburi and Phra Nakhon into a single province, after which it was a sub-district of Bang Khun Thian District 
On 14 October 1997, Bang Bon was split from Bang Khun Thian and established as a new district  The district office opened on 6 March 1998, the last of Bangkok's 50 districts to open, first established temporarily at the Thepyada Arak Fresh Market building, but later moved to a permanent location on Ekkachai Road 

Administration
The district has four sub-districts (khwaeng) 

The missing number 1 is the sub-district that was dissolved and divided into four current sub-districts 

Economy
Agriculture is an important part of the area economy  Among Bang Bon's famous products are Nam Doc Mai mangos, coconuts, orchids, and lotus 

Places
Wat Bang Bon
7th Cycle Birthday Anniversary Park, Bang Bon, otherwise known as 9 Hills Park
Sarasas Witaed Bangbon School
Suksanareewittaya School, formerly and still colloquially known as Suksanari 2 School (shared with Samut Sakhon province)

Notable people
Chalerm Yubamrung – politician
Passage 5:
Poplar Beach Resort Water Aerodrome
Poplar Beach Resort Water Aerodrome Airport was a public airport  It was located adjacent to Poplar Beach, British Columbia, Canada  The airport was listed as abandoned in the 15 March 2007 Canada Flight Supplement 
Passage 6:
Isle of Normandy
Isle of Normandy or Normandy Island or Normandy Isles or Normandy Isle is a neighborhood of North Beach in the city of Miami Beach, Florida   It is located along the eastern shore of Biscayne Bay 

Geography
It is located at 25 853°N 80 135°W﻿ / 25 853; -80 135, with an elevation 3 feet (0 91 m) 

History
After building a chain of movie theaters in Cincinnati, Alsace native Henri Levi (or Levy) moved to Miami Beach in 1922  In 1926 he undertook a 2-year period of 24-hour-a-day dredging to create Normandy Isle from the natural swampy land mass in Biscayne Bay west of 71st street theretofore called Warner-Meade Island  Levy was also instrumental in the construction of the 79th Street Causeway 

Streets
Most streets on Normandy Isle were named after French cities and architectural landmarks 
East-West

Bay Drive
Biarritz Drive
Biarritz Court
71st Street (originally Everglades Concourse)
Maimonides Street
Everglades Court (alley)
Normandy Drive
Normandy Court
Marseille Drive
Calais DriveNorth-South

Brest Esplanade
Rue Vendome
Vendome Court
Rue Versailles
Versailles Court
Vichy Drive
Rue Notre Dame
Rue Bordeaux
Trouville Esplanade
Rue Granville
Verdun Drive

Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools is the local school district  Treasure Island Elementary School in North Bay Village serves Normandy Island  Miami Beach Nautilus Middle School and Miami Beach Senior High School serve Normandy Island 

Notable residents
Joan Field, concert violinist
Roy Firestone, sportscaster and entertainer
David M  Gersten, appeals court judge
Bob Mover, jazz saxophonist
Clifford S  Perlman, restaurateur
Daniel Schechter, psychiatrist and author
Passage 7:
Stinson Beach, California
Stinson Beach is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Marin County, California, on the west coast of the United States  Stinson Beach is located 2 5 miles (4 km) east-southeast of Bolinas, at an elevation of 26 feet (8 m)  The population of the Stinson Beach CDP was 541 at the 2020 census Stinson Beach is about a 35-minute drive from the Golden Gate Bridge on California's Highway 1  It is near important attractions such as Muir Woods National Monument, Muir Beach, and Mount Tamalpais   It has a long beach, and the cold water produces fog throughout the year Stinson Beach is a popular day trip for people in the San Francisco Bay Area and for tourists visiting Northern California  Although most visitors arrive by private car, Stinson Beach is linked to Marin City by a daily bus service, and the network of hiking trails around Mount Tamalpais also reaches the town  The beach is one of the cleanest in the state, and sandy, unlike the rockier neighboring beach in Bolinas 

History
Nathan H  Stinson bought land at the site in 1866 In 1870, the first road was built along the Pacific coast from Sausalito, and a tent settlement sprang up amongst the willow trees at the beach, which gave rise to the town's original name, Willow Camp  The Mt  Tamalpais & Muir Woods Railway opened in 1896, making Willow Camp more accessible  Visitors could ride the train to West Point Inn and then hike or arrange a stagecoach to take them to the beach  In 1906, refugees from the San Francisco earthquake came to the area and built some of the area's first businesses  Stinson Beach became the official town name in 1916, in honor of the largest landowners, Rose and Nathan Stinson 

The first post office opened in 1916 In 1939, the beach was sold to Marin County   It was transferred to the state of California in 1950, and was eventually transferred to the National Park Service in 1977 
In 2002, a surfer was attacked by a 12-to-15-foot-long (3 7 to 4 6 m) great white shark while surfing off Stinson Beach  The young man survived, but received more than 100 stitches to close his wounds  The attack was the second in Stinson Beach, and the 13th in Marin County since 1952  In 1998, Jonathan Kathrein was attacked by a great white shark while bodyboarding  His injury from the shark bite required over 600 stitches  The surf off Stinson Beach is within an area known as the Red Triangle, where there have been an unusually high number of shark attacks Marin County added 12 tsunami warning signs to the Stinson Beach shoreline in 2012 to explain the risk to beachgoers 

Geography
Stinson Beach is located in southern Marin County at 37°54′02″N 122°38′40″W, between Bolinas and Muir Beach  It is 15 miles (24 km) by road northwest of Sausalito and 20 miles (32 km) northwest of San Francisco 
The CDP has a total area of 0 89 square miles (2 31 km2), all of it recorded as land 

Climate
According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Stinson Beach has a warm-summer Mediterranean climate, abbreviated "Csb" on climate maps  Like much of the California coast, summer afternoons are often cool and windy (and usually foggy) as winds blow in off the cold ocean   Adjacent sea surface temperatures are typically in the low to mid 50s F year-round   It receives more rain than other coast cities in the San Francisco Bay Area in this latitude with 1,034 70 mm (40 736 in) of rain 

Demographics
2010
The 2010 United States Census reported that Stinson Beach had a population of 632  The population density was 433 1 inhabitants per square mile (167 2/km2)  The racial makeup of Stinson Beach was 582 (92 1%) White, 3 (0 5%) African American, 8 (1 3%) Native American, 14 (2 2%) Asian, 1 (0 2%) Pacific Islander, 9 (1 4%) from other races, and 15 (2 4%) from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 33 persons (5 2%) 
The Census reported that 629 people (99 5% of the population) lived in households, 3 (0 5%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized 
There were 339 households, out of which 50 (14 7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 134 (39 5%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 14 (4 1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 10 (2 9%) had a male householder with no wife present   There were 26 (7 7%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 8 (2 4%) same-sex married couples or partnerships  147 households (43 4%) were made up of individuals, and 45 (13 3%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 1 86   There were 158 families (46 6% of all households); the average family size was 2 54 
The population was spread out, with 76 people (12 0%) under the age of 18, 26 people (4 1%) aged 18 to 24, 117 people (18 5%) aged 25 to 44, 278 people (44 0%) aged 45 to 64, and 135 people (21 4%) who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 54 4 years  For every 100 females, there were 94 5 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95 1 males 
There were 773 housing units at an average density of 529 8 per square mile (204 6/km2), of which 209 (61 7%) were owner-occupied, and 130 (38 3%) were occupied by renters  The homeowner vacancy rate was 2 3%; the rental vacancy rate was 9 7%   425 people (67 2% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 204 people (32 3%) lived in rental housing units 

2000
As of the census of 2000, there were 751 people, 374 households, and 178 families residing in the CDP   The population density was 712 inhabitants per square mile (275/km2)   There were 693 housing units at an average density of 657 per square mile (254/km2)   The racial makeup of the CDP in 2010 was 89 6% non-Hispanic White, 0 5% non-Hispanic African American, 0 2% Native American, 2 2% Asian, 0 2% from Pacific Islander, 0 5% from other races, and 1 6% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5 2% of the population 
There were 374 households, out of which 18 7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40 6% were married couples living together, 4 8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 52 4% were non-families  42 0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 1 98 and the average family size was 2 75 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 16 9% under the age of 18, 3 3% from 18 to 24, 25 8% from 25 to 44, 39 4% from 45 to 64, and 14 5% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 47 years  For every 100 females, there were 98 2 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 100 0 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $87,679, and the median income for a family was $105,827  Males had a median income of $58,750 versus $56,875 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $62,452   About 3 8% of families and 5 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 11 8% of those under the age of eighteen and 10 4% of those 65 or over 

Education
Stinson Beach is in the Bolinas-Stinson Union School District, the Tamalpais Union High School District, and the Marin Community College District   Students in primary grades (K-2) attend Stinson Beach School, while elementary grade students (grades 3–8) attend Bolinas School   Stinson Beach is in the attendance area of Tamalpais High School, in Mill Valley 

Government
Stinson Beach is unincorporated, receiving general government services from Marin County, including law enforcement, land use planning, library, public health, and code enforcement  Three special districts provide local services   The Stinson Beach County Water District provides water and septic tank maintenance service and contracts for garbage and recycling collection   The Stinson Beach Volunteer Fire Protection District provides fire protection, emergency medical care, and disaster management services   The Marin County Flood Control and Water Conservation District administers programs which aim to mitigate flooding, historically concentrating on issues related to the flooding of Easkoot Creek 

Community organizations
The Stinson Beach Village Association was formed in 1976 to represent the town as the County developed the first Stinson Beach Community Plan  The Village Association's current elected president is village resident Michael Matthews   Previously, development of the town had been promoted by the Stinson Beach Progressive Club, one of several non-profit organizations that formed the board of the Stinson Beach Community Center   The other founding organizations were the Allied Arts Club, the Stinson Beach Community Church, The Volunteer Fire Department, and the Parent-Teachers Club   The Community Center complex on Belvedere Avenue includes the Fire House, which fronts on Shoreline Highway, the Community Center, and the Chapel   The land was donated by the FitzHenrys and the other heirs of the Stinson families 

Regional recreation areas
Audubon Canyon Ranch
Golden Gate National Recreation Area
Mount Tamalpais State Park
Point Reyes National Seashore

Annual events
On the second Sunday of June, the town serves as the ending point for the annual running of the Dipsea Race, the second-oldest footrace in the U S  The California Road Club holds its Mount Tamalpais Hill Climb, one of the oldest bicycle races in the West, in early fall   Since 2002, the race has been held on the third Saturday of the month, with about 400 bicyclists competing in the 12 5-mile (20 1 km) road race from Stinson to the head of Bolinas Lagoon and on to the West summit of Mount Tamalpais at Rock Spring "Cuisine on the Green" is a yearly event held in the town's central park, the Village Green, each May  It features local restaurants and merchants selling a wide variety of foods, trinkets, clothing, art, and novelty items at different booths  Talent local to the area often performs on the small park stage  Cuisine on the Green benefits the Stinson Beach Community Center 
On July 4 of every year, a "tug-of-war" is held with Bolinas across the inlet dividing the two communities  Thirty women from each shore pull against each other until a winner is declared, and then 30 men from each take their turn  It is a slice of life, pure Americana, and always contested both during the actual event and then afterward in the local bars of Smiley's and the Sand Dollar, where the winners' trophies are displayed 

Notable people
Residents, landowners, and summer people important in the development, life, and culture of Stinson Beach   Arrival or tenure is shown in square brackets   Birth and death dates are shown in parentheses 

Rafael Garcia [1836–1846], first settler on Bolinas Lagoon 
Gregorio (1791–May 10, 1863) and Ramona Garcia Briones (1793/4–June 23, 1901), received the Rancho Las Baulines Mexican land grant on February 11, 1846; after being widowed, Ramona married Benancio Munos when she was almost 80; when she died at the age of 107, Ramona Garcia Munos was believed to be the oldest woman in California 
Pablo Briones [1837–?], with his uncle, Rafael Garcia, managed the Rancho for his parents, Gregorio and Ramona; trained as curandero by his aunt, Juana Briones de Miranda; settled in Bolinas 
Captain Isaac Morgan [c  1851–?], purchased the portion of Rancho Las Baulines east of Bolinas Lagoon in 1852; on this property, called Belvidere Ranch and which was to become Stinson Beach, he grew apples, cut wood, built boats, and had a dairy farm; in 1866, as lead partner in the Morgan Land Company, purchased the Page Tract, which ran from Belvidere Ranch to Dogtown and which became the Bourne and Wilkins Ranches 
Nathan and Rose Stinson [1870s–?], established first campground at Willow Camp 
Captain Alfred Easkoot [1870s–], Marin County surveyor; founder of second campground ; member of Duxbury Grove No  26, UAOD
Thaddeus Welch (1844–1919) and Ludmila Pilat Welch (1867–1925) [1896–1905], American painters
William Kent (March 29, 1864 – March 13, 1928) United States Congressman; donor of the land for the Muir Woods National Monument; owner of the beach and tidelands that became Seadrift 
Newman Lee Fitzhenry (1881–November 20, 1938) [c  1913–1938], BS, University of Chicago, 1905; married Eve Stinson and pursued real estate and resort development; suicided November 20, 1938 
William Kent Jr , began the development of the Seadrift subdivision in the 1950s 
Mildred Sadler (May 16, 1905 – February 18, 2004) (1926–2004), Principal, Stinson Beach School, 1926–1967 
Landis Everson (1960s), poet and painter 
George Hunter White, also known as Colonel White (1965–1975) (died October 23, 1975), Federal Bureau of Narcotics agent and District Supervisor, retired; OSS Counter-Intelligence Director during WWII; led Project MKULTRA in Boston and Operation Midnight Climax in New York and San Francisco brothels (or "safehouses") until the closure of the San Francisco facilities in 1965; Fire Marshall, Stinson Beach Fire Department
Elmer Collett (1966–present), former professional football player for the 49ers and the Colts
Peter Bishop Allen (November 1, 1943 – June 3, 2004) (c  1967–2004), sculptor of marine mammals; Assistant Chief, Stinson Beach Fire Department; founder of The Kids Camp nature education program
Steve Miller (1960s–1970s), musician
Jerry Garcia (1970s), musician
Carolyn Garcia, also known as Mountain Girl (1970s), member of Merry Pranksters, wife of Jerry Garcia
Keith and Donna Godchaux (1970s), musicians
Peter Rowan (1970s), musician
Richard Jencks - former President of CBS 
The Rowan Brothers – Lorin and Chris Rowan (1970s), musicians
David Grisman (1970s), musician
George Frayne (born c  1946) (c  1973–199), musician (Commander Cody and His Lost Planet Airmen) and artist; Frayne has referred to Stinson Beach as "formerly the grooviest place on earth "
Joseph Esherick (1987), famed architect; designed a home on Sea Drift Road
James Grant (1924–1997) (c  1980–1997), painter and sculptor; the art exhibit wall at the Stinson Beach Branch Library is named in his honor
Jerry Cebe (August 10, 1940 - Sep 1, 2017), artist (abstract painting; art glass)
Klaus Kinski

In popular culture
Stinson Beach has been the setting and filming location for several movies, including:

Play It Again, Sam
The Fog
Memoirs of an Invisible Man
The Invisible Man (2020 film); this adaptation is unrelated to the novel & film listed above 
Basic Instinct
On The Edge
Shoot The Moon
 The Crazy-Quilt (1966 John Korty Film)
America Is Still the PlaceThe town was mentioned in an episode of M*A*S*H—"The Merchant of Korea"   In the episode, BJ borrows $200 from Charles to wire home to his wife as a down payment on the purchase of a one-acre lot with "trees, the beach, a view of San Francisco   everything!"
George Frayne (Commander Cody) wrote a song about Stinson Beach entitled "Midnight on The Strand"  It was recorded on his 1987 album, Let's Rock 
The town and the beach are the topic of a poem by Garrison Keillor  In We Are Still Married: Stories and Letters, Keillor has a four-page essay about his visits to Stinson Beach and how thinking of the beach helps him sleep The poet Robert Duncan wrote his influential collection Opening the Field at a house in Stinson Beach Janis Joplin's cremated ashes were scattered along this beach as well as the Pacific Ocean The story of a young surfer's recovery from a shark attack is the subject of a book, Far from Shore Author Danielle Steel writes about Stinson Beach in her novel One Day at a Time (Dell, 2009, ISBN 978-0-440-24333-5) 

See also
List of beaches in California
List of California state parks
Passage 8:
Garden City, South Carolina
Garden City, sometimes known as Garden City Beach, is a census-designated place (CDP) in Horry County, South Carolina, United States  The population was 9,209 at the 2010 census  Garden City Beach is located directly south of Surfside Beach  The developed part of the beach extends south beyond the limits of the Garden City CDP, into Georgetown County, and ends on a peninsula at the mouth of Murrells Inlet 

Geography
Garden City is located in southern Horry County at 33°35′16″N 79°0′19″W (33 587760, -79 005221)  It is bordered to the northeast by the town of Surfside Beach, to the northwest by U S  Route 17, to the south by the Georgetown County/Horry County line, and to the southeast by the Atlantic Ocean  U S  Route 17 Business is the main road through the center of the community, leading northeast 10 miles (16 km) to the center of Myrtle Beach  Georgetown is 25 miles (40 km) to the southwest via US 17 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Garden City CDP has a total area of 5 4 square miles (14 1 km2), of which 5 4 square miles (13 9 km2) are land and 0 1 square miles (0 2 km2), or 1 47%, are water 

Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 10,235 people, 4,893 households, and 2,765 families residing in the CDP 

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 9,357 people, 4,703 households, and 2,873 families residing in the CDP   The population density was 1,745 1 inhabitants per square mile (673 8/km2)  There were 7,995 housing units at an average density of 1,491 1 per square mile (575 7/km2)  The racial makeup of the CDP was 97 02% White, 1 00% African American, 0 28% Native American, 0 42% Asian, 0 10% Pacific Islander, 0 30% from other races, and 0 89% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1 12% of the population 
There were 4,703 households, out of which 12 8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 52
Context 3: Passage 1:
South Beach, Florida
South Beach is a census-designated place (CDP) on North Hutchinson Island in Indian River County, Florida, United States  The population was 3,501 at the 2010 census  It is ranked tenth in Florida locations by per capita income as of 2010 
South Beach is part of the Sebastian–Vero Beach Metropolitan Statistical Area 

Geography
South Beach is located in southeastern Indian River County at 27°35′45″N 80°20′17″W, on Orchid Island  It is bounded on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, on the south by the border between Indian River and St Lucie counties, on the west by the Indian River Lagoon, and on the north by the Vero Beach city limits 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 6 8 square miles (17 7 km2), of which 2 7 square miles (7 0 km2) are land and 4 1 square miles (10 7 km2), or 60 31%, are water 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,457 people, 1,610 households, and 1,220 families residing in the CDP   The population density was 1,279 8 inhabitants per square mile (494 1/km2)   There were 2,066 housing units at an average density of 764 9 per square mile (295 3/km2)   The racial makeup of the CDP was 98 15% White, 0 58% African American, 0 09% Native American, 1 01% Asian, 0 06% from other races, and 0 12% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1 36% of the population 
There were 1,610 households, out of which 15 1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 72 7% were married couples living together, 2 4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 24 2% were non-families  21 5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 2 14 and the average family size was 2 45 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 13 7% under the age of 18, 1 4% from 18 to 24, 11 3% from 25 to 44, 30 3% from 45 to 64, and 43 2% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 61 years  For every 100 females, there were 93 2 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 91 6 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $108,702, and the median income for a family was $126,755  Males had a median income of $89,395 versus $26,607 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $90,938   About 1 4% of families and 3 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8 0% of those under age 18 and 3 0% of those age 65 or over 
Passage 2:
Hampton Double Square Historic District
The Hampton Double Square Historic District is a historic district located in Hampton, Iowa, United States  It has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 2003  At the time of its nomination it contained 43 resources, which included 28 contributing buildings, two contributing sites, 10 non-contributing buildings, one non-contributing site, one non-contributing structures, and one non-contributing object  The town of Hampton was laid out by H  P  Allen, who was the county surveyor, in June 1856  The original plat was eight blocks by eight blocks in the shape of an "L"  Near the center of the "L" was the two-block, or double, square  While many county seats in Iowa have a courthouse square, the double square is a rarity  Four double squares were platted in Iowa, but only those in Hampton and Sidney survived their early period of development  Estherville's square was platted as a four-block square, but its development created a double square instead  Hampton has the only symmetrical double square plan in the state  The double square exemplifies the two primary functions of a public square, both commercial and public development 
The district's period of significance is from 1856, when it was of platted, to 1935 when the last public building was constructed  Building usage is largely commercial with a few public/government buildings, and the Congregational Church  The buildings are largely two stories tall and constructed of brick in the styles that were popular at the time  Many of the commercial blocks are Italianate in design  The Franklin County Sheriff's Residence and Jail (1880), the Franklin County G  A  R  Soldiers' Memorial Hall (1890; Edward Carl Keifer), and the Franklin County Courthouse (1891; T  D  Allen) are individually listed on the National Register of Historic Places 
Passage 3:
Carver Ranches, West Park, Florida
Carver Ranches was a census-designated place (CDP) in Broward County, Florida, United States  The population was 4,299 at the 2000 census 
In 2005 it became one of four neighborhoods to incorporate into the new city of West Park 

Geography
Carver Ranches is located at 25°59′30″N 80°11′30″W (25 991718, -80 191716) According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1 7 km2 (0 7 mi2), all land 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 4,299 people, 1,340 households, and 1,027 families residing in the CDP   The population density was 2,477 4/km2 (6,376 5/mi2)   There were 1,428 housing units at an average density of 822 9/km2 (2,118 1/mi2)   The racial makeup of the CDP was 2 19% White (1 4% were Non-Hispanic White,) 96 42% African American, 0 16% Native American, 0 02% Asian, 0 56% from other races, and 0 65% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1 65% of the population 
There were 1,340 households, out of which 33 8% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 36 0% were married couples living together, 33 7% had a female householder with no husband present, and 23 3% were non-families  18 5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6 3% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 3 20 and the average family size was 3 62 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 32 3% under the age of 18, 8 7% from 18 to 24, 28 1% from 25 to 44, 19 4% from 45 to 64, and 11 5% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 32 years  For every 100 females, there were 85 5 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82 2 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,613, and the median income for a family was $27,412  Males had a median income of $22,604 versus $21,213 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $10,090   About 25 6% of families and 25 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 31 5% of those under age 18 and 36 4% of those age 65 or over 
As of 2000, before being annexed to West Park, English as a first language accounted for 96 90% of all residents, while Spanish accounted for 2 19%, and French Creole as a mother tongue made up 0 90% of the population 
Passage 4:
Wade Hampton, South Carolina
Wade Hampton is a census-designated place (CDP) in Greenville County, South Carolina, United States  The population was 20,622 at the 2010 census  It is named for American Civil War general and South Carolina governor Wade Hampton 
Wade Hampton is part of the Greenville–Mauldin–Easley Metropolitan Statistical Area 

Geography
Wade Hampton is located in central Greenville County at 34°52′59″N 82°20′0″W (34 883084, -82 333227)  It is bordered to the southwest by the city of Greenville and to the northeast by Taylors, an unincorporated community  U S  Route 29 (Wade Hampton Boulevard) passes through the CDP, leading southwest 5 miles (8 km) to the center of Greenville and northeast 7 miles (11 km) to Greer 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 9 0 square miles (23 3 km2), of which 9 0 square miles (23 2 km2) are land and 0 04 square miles (0 1 km2), or 0 55%, are water 

Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 21,482 people, 9,016 households, and 5,368 families residing in the CDP 

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 20,458 people, 9,210 households, and 5,645 families residing in the CDP  The population density was 2,331 4 inhabitants per square mile (900 2/km2)  There were 9,793 housing units at an average density of 1,116 0 per square mile (430 9/km2)  The racial makeup of the CDP was 84 85% White, 8 08% African American, 0 18% Native American, 3 34% Asian, 0 06% Pacific Islander, 2 39% from other races, and 1 11% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6 13% of the population 
There were 9,210 households, out of which 22 9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 49 4% were married couples living together, 9 0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38 7% were non-families  32 7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10 8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 21 and the average family size was 2 81 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 19 0% under the age of 18, 9 6% from 18 to 24, 28 9% from 25 to 44, 24 3% from 45 to 64, and 18 2% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 40 years  For every 100 females, there were 93 8 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90 9 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $40,487, and the median income for a family was $54,106  Males had a median income of $40,528 versus $27,613 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $26,376  About 6 4% of families and 9 0% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10 9% of those under age 18 and 5 3% of those age 65 or over 

Education
The French Bilingual School of South Carolina is located in Wade Hampton The Greenville Saturday School (グリーンビル日本語補習授業校 Gurīnbiru Nihongo Hoshū Jugyō Kō), a Japanese Saturday supplementary school, holds its classes at the French Bilingual School  The school was scheduled to open in 1989  The school received $2,500 from the city council of Greenville 
Passage 5:
Sean Hampton
Sean Hampton (born February 1, 1981) is an American actor, director, and producer 
Born in Ocala, Florida, Hampton is the youngest of five children of a dentist father and a professional model mother  After graduating high school, Hampton enrolled at Stetson University to pursue a career in law  While in school he not only joined Sigma Nu fraternity (Delta Mu chapter), but caught onto acting   After college he married his current wife Jennifer and the two moved to Los Angeles where they currently reside Hampton's first television appearance was on the series Dr  G :  Medical Examiner (2004)  On this series Hampton played real life Orlando Detective Reggie Campbell  Because of a miscommunication, the local police temporarily issued an A P B  for Hampton, believing he was impersonating a police officer   After seeing his image on the news as "Wanted", Hampton's wife called the newsdesk to explain the mixup   A camera crew was dispatched and the retraction story aired before any serious harm was caused  Since then Hampton has appeared in several other series including: General Hospital, Eleventh Hour, The Young and the Restless, CSI, and more 
In 2009 Hampton took on a dual role as supporting actor and associate producer on the feature film Sandcastles, set to release in 2010  During the same year he worked on the feature films Getting Back to Zero starring Wayne Newton, and The Arcadian, a feature produced by The Fringe Majority LLC 
Hampton's grandmother, Effie Carrie Mitchell-Hampton, was the first licensed female physician in the state of Florida   She was also one of the founders of the Florida Medical, Dental and Pharmaceutical Association 
In 2012 Hampton co-created a sketch comedy series with producer Matt Getic named The S&M Experience 

Film
Television
Director
Writer
Producer
Passage 6:
Hampton Bluffs
The Hampton Bluffs (64°25′S 59°18′W) are a group of three rock bluffs on the east side of Larsen Inlet, Graham Land, Antarctica  They were mapped from surveys by the Falkland Islands Dependencies Survey (FIDS) (1960–61), and were named by the UK Antarctic Place-Names Committee for Ian F G  Hampton, an FIDS physiologist at Hope Bay in 1959 and 1960 
Passage 7:
Ives Estates, Florida
Ives Estates is a census-designated place (CDP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida  The population was 25,005 at the 2020 census, up from 19,525 in 2010 

Geography
Ives Estates is located in northeastern Miami-Dade County at 25°57′47″N 80°10′55″W  It is bordered to the north by Broward County  Neighboring communities are Ojus to the east and southeast, North Miami Beach to the south and Miami Gardens to the west  To the north, in Broward County, are West Park and Pembroke Park, while Miramar is to the northwest and Hallandale Beach is to the northeast 
Interstate 95 forms the border between Ives Estates and Ojus, with access from Exit 16 (Ives Dairy Road)  Downtown Miami is 16 miles (26 km) to the south, and Fort Lauderdale is 11 miles (18 km) to the north  County Road 854 (Ives Dairy Road/NE 203rd Street/NE 199th Street) is the main road through the center of Ives Estates, leading east to Aventura and west to Miami Gardens 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2 76 square miles (7 1 km2), of which 2 55 square miles (6 6 km2) are land and 0 21 square miles (0 54 km2), or 7 71%, are water 

Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 25,005 people, 7,859 households, and 5,279 families residing in the CDP 

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 17,586 people, 6,923 households, and 4,506 families residing in the CDP   The population density was 6,645 9 inhabitants per square mile (2,566 0/km2)   There were 7,449 housing units at an average density of 2,815 0 per square mile (1,086 9/km2)   The racial makeup of the CDP was 51 10% White (33 3% were Non-Hispanic White,) 35 11% African American, 0 17% Native American, 4 63% Asian, 0 05% Pacific Islander, 3 76% from other races, and 5 17% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 24 08% of the population 
There were 6,923 households, out of which 32 7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40 8% were married couples living together, 19 2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 34 9% were non-families  28 3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 2 54 and the average family size was 3 13 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 24 8% under the age of 18, 8 6% from 18 to 24, 33 6% from 25 to 44, 20 6% from 45 to 64, and 12 4% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 35 years  For every 100 females, there were 83 8 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79 3 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $40,717, and the median income for a family was $43,370  Males had a median income of $29,512 versus $27,544 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $19,118   About 7 0% of families and 8 6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8 4% of those under age 18 and 8 8% of those age 65 or over 
As of 2000, speakers of English as a first language accounted for 54 25% of residents, while Spanish made up 24 45%, French Creole was at 11 65%, French was at 2 35%, Urdu at 1 23%, Portuguese 1 11%, and Arabic was 1 08% of the population  Hebrew made up 0 73% of speakers, Russian made up 0 69%, and both Chinese and Tagalog was the mother tongue of 0 57% of the population 

Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools operates public schools 
Madie Ives K-8 Preparatory Academy
Dr  Michael M  Krop High School
Passage 8:
Gladeview, Florida
Gladeview is a census-designated place (CDP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States  The population was 14,927 at the 2020 census, up from 11,535 in 2010 
Gladeview was originally a neighborhood of the city of Miami when it was annexed in 1925  With the arrival of the Great Depression, Miami gave up its jurisdiction and Gladeview became an unincorporated area of Miami-Dade County 

Geography
Gladeview is located 7 miles (11 km) northwest of downtown Miami at 25°50′24″N 80°14′8″W (25 839874, -80 235645)  Gladeview is bordered by Brownsville to the south, the Miami neighborhood of Liberty City to the east, and West Little River to the north  The city of Hialeah is located to the west of Gladeview 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2 6 square miles (6 7 km2), of which 0 005 square miles (3 acres), or 0 19%, are water 

Demographics
2010 and 2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 14,927 people, 4,206 households, and 2,758 families residing in the CDP 

2000 Census
As of the census of 2000, there were 14,468 people, 4,359 households, and 3,199 families residing in the CDP  The population density was 5,694 2 inhabitants per square mile (2,198 5/km2)  There were 5,107 housing units at an average density of 2,010 0 per square mile (776 1/km2)  The racial makeup of the CDP was 17 59% White (1 8% were Non-Hispanic White,) 76 98% African American, 0 21% Native American, 0 17% Asian, 0 03% Pacific Islander, 2 48% from other races, and 2 54% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 21 32% of the population 
There were 4,359 households, out of which 39 5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 25 3% were married couples living together, 40 3% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26 6% were non-families  21 2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 9 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 3 30 and the average family size was 3 88 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 38 0% under the age of 18, 10 3% from 18 to 24, 25 9% from 25 to 44, 16 1% from 45 to 64, and 9 8% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 26 years  For every 100 females, there were 86 1 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 77 5 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $15,981, and the median income for a family was $17,625  Males had a median income of $20,732 versus $19,923 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $7,941  About 48 4% of families and 52 8% of the population were below the poverty line, including 65 5% of those under age 18 and 32 7% of those age 65 or over 
As of 2000, speakers of English as a first language accounted for 74 32% of residents while Spanish made up 22 48%, and French Creole was at 2 39%, and French consisted of 0 79% of the population



ground_truth: 1 December 2010

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where did they film The Beach in the country where Siddhi Savetsila was born?

The following are given passages.
Context 2: 2% were married couples living together, 6 9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38 9% were non-families  31 9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 1 96 and the average family size was 2 40 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 11 2% under the age of 18, 5 6% from 18 to 24, 21 5% from 25 to 44, 27 6% from 45 to 64, and 34 2% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 54 years   For every 100 females, there were 91 5 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 89 1 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $34,967, and the median income for a family was $40,403  Males had a median income of $27,683 versus $22,904 for females   The per capita income for the CDP was $24,062   About 2 9% of families and 5 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 7 4% of those under age 18 and 3 5% of those age 65 or over 

Attractions
The Pier at Garden City
Formally known as the Kingfisher Pier that was completely destroyed by Hurricane Hugo and replaced, It is approximately 668 feet (204 m) long, with a rain shelter at the end of the pier which includes a bar and nightly live music during the tourist season 

Garden City Golf Cart Parade
The Garden City Golf Cart Parade is a Fourth of July parade that features red, white and blue-decorated golf carts  It has been a community tradition for almost 30 years  It originally started at Calhoun Drive behind Willards Fireworks  After a brief hiatus, it was held again on July 4, 2009 

Weather
Temperatures tend to be in the 80s (°F) during the summer months in Garden City, SC, and in the 40s during the winter  The warmest month of the year is July with an average maximum temperature of 90 40 °F (32 44 °C), while the coldest month of the year is January with an average minimum temperature of 37 30 °F (2 94 °C)  The annual average precipitation at Garden City is 54 57 inches  Rainfall is fairly evenly distributed throughout the year  The wettest month of the year is September with an average rainfall of 6 44 inches 

Hurricane Hazel
The worst disaster in the community's history occurred on 14 October 1954  Hurricane Hazel slammed into the community and left only two houses habitable 

Hurricane Hugo
In September 1989, Hurricane Hugo destroyed 43% of the beachfront structures along the coast in Garden City  In the aftermath of the storm, Horry County administrator M  L  Love said, "Garden City for all practical purposes is gone " The Kingfisher Pier, as it was known at that time, was also destroyed by Hurricane Hugo  Reconstruction of the pier began in February 1992  The Pier at Garden City, as it is known today, was fully operational July 1992, and no significant damage has been reported since then 

Transportation
Roads and highways
U S  17 Business
U S  17

Mass transit
The Coast RTA - Bus system operating seven days a week, 364 days a year  15 routes throughout the Horry County/Grand Strand area, including Myrtle Beach, North Myrtle Beach, Surfside Beach, Garden City, Conway, Loris, and Aynor 
Passage 9:
Corona del Mar State Beach
Corona del Mar State Beach (Spanish for the Crown of the Sea) is a protected beach in the state park system of California, United States   It is located in Corona del Mar, Newport Beach, and operated by the city of Newport Beach   The 30-acre (12 ha) park was established in 1947 

History
The beach had been a surfing hotspot until the late 1930s, when the Newport Harbor jetty was extended, leading to the creation of The Wedge as a popular surf break, but shielding Corona from all but the most southerly swells Surfing legend Duke Kahanamoku is credited with the first use of a surfboard for rescue purposes at Corona del Mar beach in 1925, when a charted fishing vessel capsized in heavy surf and Kahanamoku rescued people via surfboard 

See also
List of beaches in California
List of California state parks
List of California State Beaches
Passage 10:
Sunset Beach, Oregon
Sunset Beach is a small unincorporated community located between the cities of Seaside and Warrenton in Clatsop County, Oregon, United States  Sunset Beach is located between U S  Route 101, Neacoxie Lake and the Pacific Ocean   It serves as the northernmost access to the resort community of Surf Pines, and provides motor vehicle beach access  The "Fort to Sea Trail", which follows the route used by the Lewis and Clark Expedition when hiking from Fort Clatsop to the Pacific Ocean, ends at the beach access  A beach of the same name is west of the community 

See also
Sunset Beach State Recreation Site
Lewis and Clark National Historical Park
Passage 11:
Whihala Beach County Park
Whihala Beach County Park is a park in Whiting, Indiana, United States  It is a public beach with life guards  The beach was previously named Whiting Beach Whihala Beach is named after the nearby cities of Whiting and Hammond and Lake County Parks Department 
Passage 12:
Oak Street Beach
Oak Street Beach is located on North Lake Shore Drive in Chicago, Illinois, on the shore of Lake Michigan   One of a series of Chicago beaches, the Chicago Park District defines Oak Street Beach as the area from approximately 1550 North Lake Shore Drive to 500 North Lake Shore Drive, excluding Ohio Street Beach, the South Ledge, a concrete path running from Ohio Street beach to the Oak Street Curve, Oak Street Beachstro Restaurant, Oak Street Beach proper, the North Ledge, and a concrete path running from Oak Street Beach to North Avenue Beach 

History
Up until the late 1800s the Lake Shore sloped from Oak Street to the Chicago river in a much gentler fashion  However the construction of a shipping pier at the river led to a build up of sand and silt just to the north   As the land rose up out of the water squatters began to take residence, leading to disputes with lakefront property owners 
The biggest series of clashes surrounded a man named George Streeter in 1886  Streeter's boat, with passengers and cargo, became stranded on the sandbar created by the pier  As he unloaded waste and cargo, he created a small island  Eventually he persuaded people to dump more there, and claimed a sizable island  However the city would not stand for it, and after legal battles (some of which included gun fights) Streeter was evicted and the land, which was eventually filled in, became part of Chicago and became known as Streeterville 
Oak Street Beach was formed by sand washing up against the northern side of Streeterville   Originally, it was under control of the Lincoln Park District, one of several districts in the city that were consolidated in 1934 to create the Chicago Park District Through the 1960s the sand area of Oak Street covered more than twice the area it does now, and the water was as much as three feet higher than its current level  The beach was popular for residents and tourists as a summer social spot near down town 

Cultural impact
A radio advertisement for mattresses, in the 1970s, featured a child reading a letter he was writing to the Sandman  The punch line was the child asking, "Is it true you get all your sand from Oak Street Beach?"
Chicago pop-punk band Knuckle Puck released a song titled "Oak Street" on their "While I Stay Secluded" EP 
Chicago hip-hop artist Chance The Rapper mentions Oak Street Beach in the third verse of his song, Windows 

Gallery
See also
Beaches in Chicago
Lincoln Park
Passage 13:
Muscle Beach Party
Muscle Beach Party is the second of seven beach party films produced by American International Pictures  It stars Frankie Avalon and Annette Funicello and was directed by William Asher, who also directed four other films in this series 
Dick Dale and the Del-Tones and Stevie Wonder appear in musical numbers, the latter aged thirteen and making his film debut, billed as "Little Stevie Wonder "
The movie was released two days after Peter Lorre's death 

Plot
Frankie, Dee Dee, and the beach party gang hit Malibu Beach for yet another summer of surfing and no jobs, only to find their secret surfing spot threatened by a gang of bodybuilders led by the dim-witted coach Jack Fanny  All the while a bored Italian countess is trying to steal Frankie from Dee Dee and, much to everyone's surprise, he seems more than happy to go along with it  Her plan is to turn him into a teen idol 
Due to some razzing from his former surfing buddies and sage advice from wealthy S Z  Matts, Frankie sees the error of his ways and goes back to his American beach bunny, Dee Dee 

Cast
Frankie Avalon as Frankie
Annette Funicello as Dee Dee
Luciana Paluzzi as Contessa Juliana ("Julie") Giotto-Borgini
John Ashley as Johnny
Don Rickles as Jack Fanny
Peter Turgeon as Theodore
Jody McCrea as Deadhead
Dick Dale as Himself
Candy Johnson	        	Candy
Rock Stevens (Peter Lupus)	        	Flex Martian
Valora Noland	        	Animal
Delores Wells	        	Sniffles
Donna Loren	        	Donna
Morey Amsterdam	        	Cappy
Little Stevie Wonder           	Himself
Buddy Hackett	        	S Z  Matts (rich business manager)
Dan Haggerty       	Biff
Larry Scott	        	Rock
Gordon Case	        	Tug
Gene Shuey	        	Riff
Chester Yorton	        	Hulk
Bob Seven	        	Sulk
Steve Merjanian	        	Clod
Alberta Nelson	        	Lisa, Jack Fanny's assistant
Amadee Chabot	        	Flo, Jack Fanny's assistant
Peter Lorre	        	Mr  Strangdour

Cast notes
Funicello reprises her character from Beach Party, although in this film (and three others that follow) she is referred to as "Dee Dee", as opposed to "Dolores "  John Ashley's character, previously called "Ken", is now known as "Johnny "Harvey Lembeck's Eric von Zipper character and his Rats gang from Beach Party are absent in this film, although they appear in Bikini Beach, Pajama Party, Beach Blanket Bingo, How to Stuff a Wild Bikini, and The Ghost in the Invisible Bikini  Lembeck as von Zipper (but sans Rats gang) also appears in a cameo in Dr  Goldfoot and the Bikini Machine  Lembeck also appeared in Fireball 500, another Avalon-Funicello vehicle, as an entirely different character  Peter Lorre appears briefly near the end of the film and there is a notice explaining that he will appear in the next installment of the series  Lorre died in March 1964; thus, this was his only appearance in the series 

Production notes
Before production producer Martin Ransohoff announced he was going to make a film called Muscle Beach based on Ira Wallach's satirical novel  This was eventually made as Don't Make Waves (1967) 

Novelization
A 141-page paperback adaptation of the screenplay, written by Elsie Lee, was published prior to the release of the film by Lancer Books 

Jack Fanny's bodybuilders
In the above-cited paperback novelisation, the Jack Fanny character (a satire of Vic Tanny) introduces his bodybuilders as Biff, Rock, Tug, Riff, Sulk, Mash and Clod, whereas in the film he calls them Biff, Rock, Tug, Riff, Sulk, Hulk, and Clod   In two separate sequences, the latter version of these names is seen printed on their shirts 
Larry Scott, who played Rock, was well known in the bodybuilding world at the time and became the first Mr  Olympia  Due to his preference for a piece of gym equipment commonly known as the Preacher Bench, the bench also became known as the Scott Curl Bench  Gene Shuey who played Riff, and Chester Yorton who played Hulk, were also well known in the bodybuilding circuit  Peter Lupus (aka "Rock Stevens") was also a champion bodybuilder himself, holding the titles of Mr  Indianapolis, Mr  Indiana, Mr  Hercules, and Mr  International Health Physique  He is best known as Willy Armitage, the strong, mostly silent, member of the IMF team in Mission: Impossible from 1966 to 1973 

Costumes and props
The swimsuits were designed by Rose Marie Reid; Buddy Hackett's clothes were from Mr  Guy of Los Angeles; and the hat that Deadhead wears was designed by Ed "Big Daddy" Roth 
The surfboards used in the film were by Phil of Downey, California – aka Phil Sauers, the maker of "Surfboards of the Stars " Sauers was also the stunt coordinator for another beach party film that used his surfboards, Columbia Pictures' Ride the Wild Surf, which was released later the same year  Sauers was even portrayed in that film as a character by Mark LaBuse 
The "globe" telephone cover on Mr  Strangdour's desk is the same one in Norma Desmond's home in the film Sunset Blvd 

Music
The original score for this film, like Beach Party before it, was composed by Les Baxter 
Roger Christian, Gary Usher and Brian Wilson (of The Beach Boys) wrote six songs for the film: 

"Surfer's Holiday" performed by Frankie Avalon, Annette Funicello and the cast;
"Runnin' Wild" performed by Frankie Avalon;
"My First Love" and "Muscle Beach Party," both performed by Dick Dale and His Del-Tones;
"Muscle Bustle" performed by Donna Loren with Dick Dale and His Del-Tones; and
"Surfin' Woodie" performed a cappella by Dick Dale with the cast Guy Hemric and Jerry Styner wrote two songs for the film: 

"Happy Street" performed by Little Stevie Wonder; and
"A Girl Needs a Boy" first performed by Annette Funicello, then reprised by Frankie Avalon as "A Boy Needs a Girl "

Opening title art
The colorful, hand-painted mural that is shown in full and in detail as background during the opening credits is by California artist Michael Dormer, whose surfer cartoon character, "Hot Curl" can also be glimpsed throughout the film 

Deleted scene
Although the end titles provide a credit reading, "Muscle Mao Mao Dance Sequence Choreographed by John Monte, National Dance Director, Fred Astaire Studios", no such sequence is found in the film's release prints 

Reception
John L  Scott of the Los Angeles Times called it "a romantic, slightly satirical film comedy with songs which should prove popular with members of the two younger sets it concerns — surfers and musclemen — and with oldsters who don't mind the juvenile antics " Variety wrote that "the novelty of surfing has worn off, leaving in its wake little more than a conventional teenage-geared romantic farce with songs     Whenever the story bogs down, which it does quite often, someone runs into camera range and yells, 'surf's up!' This is followed by a series of cuts of surfers in action  It's all very mechanical " The Monthly Film Bulletin stated, "Indifferently scripted, and lacking the brightening presence of Dorothy Malone and Bob Cummings, this is an excruciatingly unfunny and unattractive sequel to Beach Party  William Asher's direction remains quite bright, but that is about all that can be said for the film "The Golden Laurel, which had no ceremony but published its award results in the trade magazine Motion Picture Exhibitor from 1958 to 1971, nominated Annette Funicello for "Best Female Musical Performance" for this film in 1965 
The film was banned in Burma, along with Ski Party, Bikini Beach and Beach Blanket Bingo 

Cultural references
Don Rickles' character name "Jack Fanny" is based on then-popular bodybuilder and gym entrepreneur (and usually sharp-dressed) Vic Tanny  The forename "Jack" might also be a reference to another then-popular fitness instructor, bodybuilder, and gym-entrepreneur, Jack LaLanne 
Julie's remark to an angry Dee Dee, "Have you tried Miltown?" is in reference to the drug Miltown by Wallace Laboratories, a carbamate derivative used as an anxiolytic drug – it was the best-selling minor tranquilizer at the time 
Cappy's Place in this film (and Big Daddy's club in the preceding Beach Party) is a reference to Southern California beach coffeehouses in general and Cafe Frankenstein in particular 
This is the second and last time Avalon or any other "teenager" in the cast smokes cigarettes onscreen in the series – the Surgeon General's report on smoking was released on January 11, 1964, while Muscle Beach Party was being filmed 

See also
List of American films of 1964
Passage 14:
Kuramo Beach
Kuramo Beach is a sandy beach in Lagos, Nigeria, located at the south side of Victoria Island, just east of Bar Beach and south of the Kuramo Waters lagoon  It was the location of numerous illegal shanties and cabins, some of them being used for music entertainment, bars and prostitution  In August 2012, a surge of the Atlantic Ocean hit Kuramo Beach, destroying some of these shacks and killing 16 people  The next day government authorities evacuated the area, demolished the remaining shacks and began to refill the sand The ocean surge is said to occur every August at the beach, though in former years there were no deaths Some of the popular hotels to stay are Lagos Continental Hotel and Eco hotels & Suites
Passage 15:
Dillon Beach, California
Dillon Beach is a census-designated place (CDP) in Marin County, California, United States  It is located 3 25 miles (5 2 km) west of Tomales, at an elevation of 89 ft (27 m)  The population was 246 at the 2020 census  Dillon Beach was named after the founder, George Dillon, who settled there in 1858  The area includes a public access beach, as well as a private beach resort, the only private beach in California 

Geography
Dillon Beach is located at Bodega Bay (near the mouth of Tomales Bay), at 38°15′03″N 122°57′55″W The Estero de San Antonio State Marine Recreational Management Area is a marine protected area located 1 5 miles (2 4 km) north of Dillon Beach  Like an underwater park, this marine protected area helps conserve ocean wildlife and marine ecosystems 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2 98 sq mi (7 7 km2), all of it land 

History
The Coast Miwok people had a presence in the area around Dillon Beach long before Europeans arrived in the Americas  It is thought that a few of their villages lay within the greater Dillon Beach area, including one around the feature known locally as the Sand Point 
In the 1850s, local historical figure Tom Wood operated in the area, employing the natives in harvesting of grain to be milled nearby  He would attempt to ensure that they were not taken advantage of by the British, French, or American traders that would ply the coast  Hides and tallow were traded for various manufactured goods, among them whiskey  Despite Wood's efforts, many of them would fall victim to alcoholism, and while a few claim descent from the local Coast Miwoks, no full-blooded members live today  Tom's Point, immediately south of Dillon Beach on the eastern shore of the bay, is named for Tom Wood, and Wood resided there with the small village he ingratiated himself into 
Irishman George Dillon and wife Mathilda arrived at what is now Dillon Beach from the eastern U S  in 1868  When his friends and family showed interest in the area, he thought to capitalize on it; in 1888, he built an 11 bedroom hotel, restaurant, and general store  This is the Dillon Beach Resort in operation today  Visitors would explore the area on their way up the coast toward the redwood forests, strolling the beach, fishing, or digging clams from the nearby clam bars of Tomales Bay 
In 1903, Dillon sold out to John Keegan with the agreement that the beach would always be named Dillon Beach  Keegan also built cottages, one of which still stands along the road to the beach  Keegan ran a stagecoach from Dillon Beach to Tomales where it met the train 
Keegan sold the holdings to the California Eucalyptus Plantation Company in 1911  They planted the area with eucalyptus trees, a few of which still stand, but continued to operate the resort, and redoubled these efforts as the eucalyptus crop proved to warp easily and was effectively worthless  Under the subsidiary of the Dillon Beach Company, they operated the resort, ferried guests from the train in Tomales, ran a charter boat, and created Portola Beach, a subdivision along Cliff Street  Try as they might, their Dillon Beach operations were failing 
When regular visitors and Woodland ranchers Sylvester and Carrie Lawson offered to lease the property, the California Eucalyptus Plantation Company promptly agreed  Different portions of the business and land were leased or purchased by the Lawson family, and by 1942 Dillon Beach was firmly in Lawson hands  Sylvester and Carrie's older son, Howard, and his wife, Winifred, owned and ran the resort, while the younger son, Walter, and his wife, Nita, ran the southern side of the property, operating it as a ranch and opening Lawsons Landing on it  The Landing is operated by Walter's descendants to this day as a campground with a store and boating access to Tomales Bay 
During World War II, fears of a Japanese invasion of the West Coast were considered well founded, especially along sparsely populated Marin and Sonoma counties, where enemy forces could conceivably make landfall and prepare for a larger invasion of San Francisco Bay  The military commandeered many cottages and monitored the water from outposts on the surrounding hills supported by ground patrols  The sand dunes on the Lawsons Landing property were also a site for rifle and grenade practice, and the Lawson family recalls at least one instance of an armored vehicle's  50 caliber machine gun being fired around their cows, resulting in a tense conversation between soldiers and ranchers  One soldier reportedly sighted a Japanese submarine off the beach, prompting the garrison to scramble to nearby Marshall to requisition its civilian fishing boats for use in a counterattack, several of which were run by their respective owners  It took several hours to coordinate the operation, and once the soldiers finally arrived at the area of the supposed sighting, armed only with small arms, the submarine had departed, if it had been there at all 
The College of the Pacific operated from 1933 until some time in the 1980s  It stood between Portola Beach and Lawsons Landing, offering a hands-on experience for a small number of marine biology students  The concrete foundation is all that remains today, hinting at what was there before to passersby today 
During the 1960s, Oceana Marin was developed north of town by John Keegan's grandson, James Keegan of Wells Fargo Bank and Henry Trione of Sonoma County Mortgage  Fancy modern coastal houses were built on the hillsides overlooking the quaint town of small cottages, giving it a unique appeal 
The resort, day use beach, and restaurant were sold to Fred Cline in 1990 by the Lawsons  He would sell in 2018 to the group of investors owning it today 

Dillon Beach Resort
Between 2001 and 2018, Dillon Beach Resort was owned and operated by Fred and Nancy Cline of Sonoma Valley, California   In April 2018, Mike Goebel purchased the resort 
It is one of the few beaches with private (for-fee) access in northern California  
In California, public access is permitted below the high tide line  The horrible lines of traffic in Dillon Beach are caused by people waiting for entry into the parking lot of Dillon Beach Resort's beach lot  On hot holidays the line can extend all the way up to Elephant Rocks, almost a mile away 

Demographics
2010
At the 2010 census, Dillon Beach had a population of 283  The population density was 94 8 inhabitants per square mile (36 6/km2)  The racial makeup of Dillon Beach was 266 (94 0%) White, 3 (1 1%) Native American, 4 (1 4%) Asian, and 10 (3 5%) from two or more races   Hispanic or Latino of any race were 9 people (3 2%) The census reported that 100% of the population lived in households 
There were 147 households, 20 (13 6%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 79 (53 7%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 6 (4 1%) had a female householder with no husband present, 2 (1 4%) had a male householder with no wife present   There were 6 (4 1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 3 (2 0%) same-sex married couples or partnerships  48 households (32 7%) were one person and 26 (17 7%) had someone living alone who was 65 or older  The average household size was 1 93   There were 87 families (59 2% of households); the average family size was 2 37 
The age distribution was 28 people (9 9%) under the age of 18, 7 people (2 5%) aged 18 to 24, 44 people (15 5%) aged 25 to 44, 127 people (44 9%) aged 45 to 64, and 77 people (27 2%) who were 65 or older   The median age was 57 4 years  For every 100 females, there were 95 2 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 94 7 males 
There were 440 housing units at an average density of 147 5 per square mile, of the occupied units 125 (85 0%) were owner-occupied and 22 (15 0%) were rented  The homeowner vacancy rate was 5 3%; the rental vacancy rate was 59 3%  84 5% of the population lived in owner-occupied housing units and 15 5% lived in rental housing units 

2000
At the 2000 census, there were 319 people, 155 households, and 103 families in the CDP   The population density was 107/sq mi (41 5/km2)   There were 415 housing units at an average density of 140/sq mi (54/km2)   The racial makeup of the CDP in 2010 was 90 8% non-Hispanic White, 1 1% Native American, 1 4% Asian, and 3 5% from two or more races  3 2% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race 
Of the 155 households 17 4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 59 4% were married couples living together, 4 5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33 5% were non-families  27 7% of households were one person and 10 3% were one person aged 65 or older   The average household size was 2 06 and the average family size was 2 47 
The age distribution was 14 4% under the age of 18, 1 3% from 18 to 24, 18 8% from 25 to 44, 43 6% from 45 to 64, and 21 9% 65 or older   The median age was 52 years  For every 100 females, there were 95 7 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 95 0 males 
The median household income was $47,679 and the median family income  was $52,000  Males had a median income of $40,714 versus $37,083 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $39,475   None of the families and 1 3% of the population were living below the poverty line, including no under-eighteens and none of those over 64 
Passage 16:
Siddhi Savetsila
Siddhi Savetsila (Thai: สิทธิ เศวตศิลา, RTGS: Sit Sawetsila, Thai pronunciation: [sìt sàʔwèːtsìʔlaː], 7 January 1919 – 5 December 2015) was a Thai air force officer and politician  After finishing his military career with the rank of air chief marshal, he served as the foreign minister of Thailand from 1980 to 1990  In 1991, he became a member of the Privy Council of King Bhumibol Adulyadej  He was the president of the united nations security council in 1985 with Mom Luang Birabhongse Kasemsri 

Life and career
Siddhi Savetsila was born in Bangkok  He is a member of the Thai aristocracy  His father was a high-ranking official in the royal government  His paternal grandfather was Henry Alabaster who was the British consul in Siam during the reign of King Rama IV (Mongkut) and then served as an advisor to King Rama V (Chulalongkorn)  His mother was an offspring of the influential Bunnag family  He is a direct descendant of Somdet Chao Phraya Borom Maha Prayurawongse Siddhi studied metallurgic engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), graduating with an S B  degree in 1943  During the Second World War, he joined the Free Thai Movement (Seri Thai) which resisted against the de facto occupation of Thailand by Japanese forces  He collected data for the US foreign-intelligence agency OSS (predecessor of the CIA) and was temporarily detained by the Japanese  Two of Siddhis sisters married US intelligence operatives, one was the wife of former OSS agent Willis Bird and one of CIA officer William Lair  After the end of the war, he returned to the MIT and received his S M  degree in 1947 
He then served in the Royal Thai Air Force and rose up to the rank of air chief marshal (phon akat ek)  From 1975 to 1980 he served as secretary-general of the National Security Council  In this position he assisted Prime Minister Kriangsak Chomanan at the time of the Vietnamese invasion of Cambodia 1978/79 
In 1980, Kriangsak appointed him minister of foreign affairs  He kept this position when Prem Tinsulanonda took over the premiership a few months later  As Thailand' representative in the United Nations (UN) and ASEAN, Siddhi advocated a tough line towards Vietnam which was occupying Cambodia after 1979  In 1983, Siddhi was elected member of parliament and in 1985 he took over the leadership of the Social Action Party (SAP) following the retirement of Kukrit Pramoj  The party did well in the 1986 election and Siddhi additionally became deputy prime minister for a short time 
In August 1990, the new Prime Minister Chatichai Choonhavan dismissed Siddhi as he sought a more pragmatic relationship with the communist-ruled countries of Southeast Asia  Siddhi's SAP was in great difficulties during the late 1980s and, in September 1990, Siddhi gave up his leadership  One month later, he completely retired from the parliament and the party, stating that he was tired of politics  In 1991 King Bhumibol appointed him to his privy council Siddhi holds honorary doctorate degrees from the University of the Philippines, the National University of Singapore and five universities in Thailand  He was decorated with the Order of Chula Chom Klao (first class), the Order of the White Elephant (special class) and the Order of the Crown of Thailand (special class), as well as foreign decorations from 14 countries On 8 May 2000, he was among the five Free Thai veterans who were awarded the Agency Seal Medallion by CIA director George Tenet 
He died on 5 December 2015 at the age of 96 

Honour
Foreign honour
Malaysia : Honorary Commander of the Order of the Defender of the Realm (P M N ) (1983)
 Portugal: Grand Cross of the Order of Prince Henry(G C I H )
 United States: Medal of Freedom

Military rank
Air Chief Marshal

Volunteer Defense Corps of Thailand rank
Volunteer Defense Corps Lieutenant Colonel
Context 3: 

Government and infrastructure
The Miami-Dade County Corrections and Rehabilitation Department is headquartered in Gladeview The Miami-Dade Fire Rescue operates Station 2 Model Cities in Gladeview 

Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools operates area public schools:

Elementary schools
Poinciana Park Elementary School
Lillie C Evans Elementary School
Liberty City Elementary School
Gladeview Christian School

Middle schools
Charles Drew Middle School

High schools
Miami Northwestern Senior High School

Transportation
Gladeview is served by Metrobus throughout the area, the Miami Metrorail, Tri-Rail, and Amtrak:
Metrorail:

     Northside (NW 79th Street and NW 32nd Avenue)
     Dr  Martin Luther King Jr  Plaza (NW 62nd Street and NW 27th Avenue)Tri-Rail:

     Tri-Rail/Metrorail Transfer (NW 79th Street and NW 37th Avenue)Amtrak:

     Amtrak-Miami: Silver Star and Silver Meteor service, (NW 79th Street and NW 37th Avenue)
Passage 9:
Villas, Florida
Villas, Florida  is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Lee County, Florida, United States  It is part of the Cape Coral-Fort Myers, Florida Metropolitan Statistical Area 

Geography
Villas is located in central Lee County at 26°33′18″N 81°52′9″W (26 555003, -81 869036)  It is an unincorporated community, bordered to the north by Page Park and Pine Manor and to the west by Whiskey Creek and Cypress Lake, all unincorporated as well  U S  Route 41 passes through Villas, leading north 6 miles (10 km) to the center of Fort Myers, the Lee county seat, and south 9 miles (14 km) to Estero 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Villas CDP has a total area of 4 9 square miles (12 6 km2), of which 4 6 square miles (12 0 km2) are land and 0 2 square miles (0 6 km2), or 4 61%, are water 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 11,346 people, 5,682 households, and 2,909 families residing in the CDP   The population density was 2,421 0 inhabitants per square mile (934 8/km2)   There were 6,574 housing units at an average density of 1,402 8 per square mile (541 6/km2)   The racial makeup of the CDP was 94 23% White, 1 65% African American, 0 17% Native American, 1 17% Asian, 0 04% Pacific Islander, 1 33% from other races, and 1 41% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5 59% of the population 
There were 5,682 households, out of which 15 7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40 4% were married couples living together, 8 1% had a female householder with no husband present, and 48 8% were non-families  38 7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 17 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 1 94 and the average family size was 2 56 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 13 6% under the age of 18, 7 7% from 18 to 24, 28 2% from 25 to 44, 21 2% from 45 to 64, and 29 3% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 45 years  For every 100 females, there were 87 3 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 84 4 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $40,483, and the median income for a family was $49,975  Males had a median income of $31,517 versus $25,782 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $25,880   About 3 5% of families and 6 5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8 9% of those under age 18 and 7 2% of those age 65 or over 
Passage 10:
Lacoochee, Florida
Lacoochee is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pasco County, Florida, United States   The population was 1,345 at the 2000 census 

Geography
Lacoochee is located at 28°27′48″N 82°10′18″W (28 463248, -82 171774) According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2 8 square miles (7 3 km2), all land 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,345 people, 417 households, and 321 families residing in the CDP   The population density was 471 6 inhabitants per square mile (182 1/km2)   There were 457 housing units at an average density of 160 2 per square mile (61 9/km2)   The racial makeup of the CDP was 60 59% White, 24 24% African American, 2 23% Native American, 0 07% Asian, 0 07% Pacific Islander, 9 74% from other races, and 3 05% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 37 55% of the population 
There were 417 households, out of which 47 7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47 0% were married couples living together, 20 6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22 8% were non-families  19 4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6 2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 3 23 and the average family size was 3 66 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 40 1% under the age of 18, 9 8% from 18 to 24, 26 1% from 25 to 44, 15 8% from 45 to 64, and 8 3% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 25 years  For every 100 females, there were 103 2 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92 8 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $15,197, and the median income for a family was $16,553  Males had a median income of $40,300 versus $11,250 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $6,780   About 45 5% of families and 51 2% of the population were below the poverty line, including 57 4% of those under age 18 and 26 6% of those age 65 or over 

Notable person
Mudcat Grant, professional baseball player
Passage 11:
Ocala, Florida
Ocala ( oh-KAL-ə) is a city in and the county seat of Marion County, Florida, United States  Located in North Florida, the city's population was 63,591 as of the 2020 census, making it the 54th-most populated city in Florida  Ocala is the principal city of the Ocala metropolitan area, which had a population of 375,908 in 2020 
Home to over 400 thoroughbred farms and training centers, Ocala was officially named the Horse Capital of the World in 2007  Notable attractions include the Ocala National Forest, Silver Springs State Park, Rainbow Springs State Park, the College of Central Florida, and the World Equestrian Center 

History
Ocala is located near what is thought to have been the site of Ocale or Ocali, a major Timucua village and chiefdom recorded in the 16th century  The modern city takes its name from the historical village, the name of which is believed to mean "Big Hammock" in the Timucua language  The Spaniard Hernando de Soto's expedition recorded Ocale in 1539 during his exploration through what is today the southeastern United States  Ocale is not mentioned in later Spanish accounts; it appears to have been abandoned in the wake of de Soto's attack In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, Creek people and other Native Americans, and free and fugitive African Americans sought refuge in Florida  The Seminole people formed  After foreign colonial rule shifted between Spain and Great Britain and back again, in 1821 the United States acquired the territory of Florida  After warfare to the north, in 1827 the U S  Army built Fort King near the present site of Ocala as a buffer between the Seminole, who had long occupied the area, and white settlers moving into the region  The fort was an important base during the Second Seminole War and later served in 1844 as the first courthouse for Marion County The modern city of Ocala, which was established in 1849, developed around the fort site  Greater Ocala is known as the "Kingdom of the Sun"  Plantations and other agricultural development dependent on slave labor were prevalent in the region  Ocala was an important center of citrus production until the Great Freeze of 1894–1895 
During the Reconstruction era Ocala was represented by several African Americans in the Florida House of Representatives and on the local level 

Rail service reached Ocala in June 1881, encouraging economic development with greater access to markets for produce  Two years later, much of the Ocala downtown area was destroyed by fire on Thanksgiving Day, 1883  The city encouraged rebuilding with brick, granite and steel rather than lumber  By 1888, Ocala was known statewide as "The Brick City" In December 1890, the Farmers' Alliance and Industrial Union, a forerunner of the Populist Party, held its national convention in Ocala  At the convention, the Alliance adopted a platform that would become known as the "Ocala Demands"  This platform included abolition of national banks, promoting low-interest government loans, free and unlimited coinage of silver, reclamation of excess railroad lands by the government, a graduated income tax, and direct election of United States senators  Most of the "Ocala Demands" were to become part of the Populist Party platform 

In the last decades of the twentieth century, the greater Ocala area had one of the highest growth rates in the country for a city its size 

Ocala Historic District
Many historic homes are preserved in Ocala's large residential Historic District, designated in 1984  East Fort King Street features many excellent examples of Victorian architecture  Ocala structures listed on the National Register of Historic Places include the Coca-Cola Building, the E  C  Smith House, East Hall, the Marion Hotel, Mount Zion A M E  Church, the Ritz Historic Inn, and Union Train Station 
The original Fort King site was designated as a National Historic Landmark in 2004 

Geography
Ocala is located at 29°11′16″N 82°07′50″W According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 47 31 square miles (122 5 km2), all land  The surrounding farms are famous for their thoroughbred horses, in terrain similar to Kentucky bluegrass  Ocala is also known for nearby Silver Springs, site of one of the largest artesian spring formations in the world and Silver Springs Nature Theme Park, one of the earliest tourist attractions in Florida 
The 110-mile (180 km) long Ocklawaha River passes 10 miles (16 km) east of Ocala, flowing north from Central Florida until it joins the St  Johns River near Palatka 
Marion County is also home to the Ocala National Forest which was established in 1908 and is now the second largest national forest in the state  The Florida Trail, also known as the Florida National Scenic Trail, cuts through Ocala National Forest  Silver Springs State Park was formed as Silver River State Park in 1987, out of land the state purchased around the Silver Springs attraction to spare it from development  The state took over Silver Springs itself in 1993 and incorporated it into the park in 2013 

Climate
Ocala has a humid subtropical climate (Cfa), with hot, humid summers and mild winters 

Demographics
Ocala first appeared in the 1850 U S  Census, with a total recorded population of 243  Ocala did not report separately in 1860 As of the 2010 through 2014 census, Ocala was 63 3% non Hispanic white, 20 4% African American, 11 7% Hispanic or Latino, 2 6% Asian, 2% all other  As of the census of 2000, there were 45,943 people, 18,646 households, and 11,280 families residing in the city  The population density was 1,189 2 inhabitants per square mile (459 2/km2)  There were 20,501 housing units at an average density of 530 7 per square mile (204 9/km2)  The racial makeup of the city was 72 9% White, 22 1% African American, 0 4% Native American, 1 2% Asian, <0 1% Pacific Islander, 1 8% from other races, and 1 6% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 5 7% of the population 
There were 18,646 households  40 9% were married couples living together, 15 9% had a female householder with no husband present, and 39 5% were non-families  33 0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 15 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 2 29 and the average family size was 2 91 
In the city the population was spread out, with 23 2% under the age of 18, 9 3% from 18 to 24, 26 2% from 25 to 44, 20 9% from 45 to 64, and 20 4% who were 65 years of age or older  The median age was 39 years  For every 100 females, there were 89 7 males  For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85 5 males 

Economy
The median income for a household in the city was $30,888, and the median income for a family was $38,190  Males had a median income of $29,739 versus $24,367 for females  The per capita income for the city was $18,021  About 13 2% of families and 18 1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 28 6% of those under age 18 and 9 8% of those age 65 or over 
Ocala is the headquarters of Emergency One, a worldwide designer and manufacturer of fire rescue vehicles 

Top employers
According to Ocala's 2019 Comprehensive Annual Financial Report, the top employers in the city are:

Culture
The first thoroughbred horse farm in Florida was developed in Marion County in 1943 by Carl G  Rose  Other farms were developed, making Ocala the center of a horse-breeding area  Local horses have won individual races of the Triple Crown series; in 1978, Affirmed, who was bred and trained in Marion County, won all three races, boosting interest in the industry there 
Ocala is one of only five cities (four in the US and one in France) permitted under Chamber of Commerce guidelines to use the title, "Horse Capital of the World", based on annual revenue produced by the horse industry  44,000 jobs are sustained by breeding, training, and related support of the equine industry, which generates over $2 2 billion in annual revenue  Postime Farms and Ocala serve as host to one of the largest horse shows in the country: H I T S or "Horses in the Sun", a Dressage/Jumper event lasting about two months  It generates some 6 to 7 million dollars for the local Marion County economy each year  The show features classes for over 100 different breeds, including Tennessee Walker, Paso Fino, Morgan horse, Saddlebred, Draft horse and the American Quarter Horse  Other equine events in the area include mounted shooting by the Florida Outlaws, as well as endurance rides, barrel races, extreme cowboy events, jumper shows, trick shows, parades, draft pulls, rodeo events and more 

Government and politics
Ocala is governed by a five-member board of councillors and a mayor, all of which are elected on a nonpartisan basis  It has a council-manager form of government, relying on a manager hired by the city  The mayor sets policy but has few powers other than vetoing legislation passed by the council and tending to some duties involving the police department  The current mayor is Kent Guinn  The city manager handles most administrative and financial matters A number of county offices are housed at the McPherson Governmental Complex As of 2020, Republicans outnumber Democrats in Marion County, 112,000 to 80,000  In the 2008 presidential election, John McCain carried both the city and the county, the latter by a landslide, although Florida as a whole voted for Democrat Barack Obama by a narrow margin 

Education
The public schools in Ocala are run by the Marion County School Board  There are 30 elementary, ten middle and ten public high schools in Marion County, which include the following schools in Ocala:

Elementary schools
Middle schools
High schools
Private schools
Colleges and universities
Ocala is home to the College of Central Florida, a member of the Florida College System, accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools Commission on Colleges  CF offers  bachelor's degrees in Business and Organizational Management, Early Childhood Education, and Nursing, as well as associate degrees and certificates  The college offers specialty programs in equine studies, agribusiness, and logistics and supply chain management   It also has one of 21 campuses of Rasmussen College, a Higher Learning Commission regionally accredited post secondary institution  Webster University offers on-site, regionally accredited graduate degree programs in business and counseling at their Ocala Metropolitan Campus 

Libraries
Three of the eight libraries in the Marion County Public Library System are located in Ocala  Those three libraries are:

Freedom Public Library
Marion Oaks Public Library
Ocala Public Library – Headquarters for the Marion County Public Library System 

Transportation
Several major highways pass through Ocala, including Interstate 75, U S  Highway 27, U S  Route 301, and U S  Highway 441  Ocala was on the western leg of the historic Dixie Highway 

 Interstate 75 runs north and south across the western edge of the city, with interchanges at SR 200 (exit 350), SR 40 (exit 352), and US 27 (exit 354) 
 U S  Route 27 runs north and south throughout Ocala  It is multiplexed with US 301 and 441 until it reaches SR 492(Northwest 10th Street), then makes a sharp turn onto NW 10th Street then curves northwest through Williston, Perry, Tallahassee, and beyond 
 U S  Route 301 is the main local north and south road through Ocala  It is multiplexed with US 27 until it reaches Northwest 10th Street, and with US 441 throughout the city 
 U S  Route 441 is the main local north and south road through Ocala  It is multiplexed with US 27 until it reaches Northwest 10th Street, and with US 301 throughout the city 
 State Road 492 runs east and west through the northern part of the city from the northern terminus of the US 27 multiplex with US 301–441 to SR 40 just southwest of the Silver Springs city limit 
 State Road 40 runs east and west through Ocala  It spans from Rainbow Lakes Estates through Ocala National Forest to Ormond Beach in Volusia County, although a bi-county extension exists, spanning from Yankeetown in Levy County to Dunnellon, south of the western terminus of SR 40 
 State Road 464 runs east and west from SR 200 through the southeastern part of the city  Beyond the city limits, it continues southeast towards State Road 35, and continues as County Road 464 
 State Road 200 runs northeast and southwest from Hernando in Citrus County through US 27-301-441 where it becomes a "hidden state road" along US 301 until it reaches Callahan, and is multiplexed with SR A1A into Fernandina Beach Ocala International Airport provides general aviation services to the community  Ocala Suntran provides bus service throughout select parts of the city  One of the major hubs for Suntran is the former Ocala Union Station, which served Amtrak trains until November 2004  Amtrak serves Ocala by bus connection to Jacksonville and Lakeland 
Ocala is also served by Greyhound Bus Lines   Marion Transit is the complementary ADA paratransit service for SunTran the fixed route in the City of Ocala   Marion Transit was established in 1976 and operates paratransit buses providing public transportation throughout Marion County for the Transportation Disadvantaged population 

Healthcare
On April 18, 2018, Community Health Systems sold its lease of Munroe Regional Medical Center to Adventist Health System  On August 1, 2018, Adventist Health System acquired Munroe Regional Medical Center and its subsidiary Florida Hospital took over the operations of the hospital under the name of Florida Hospital Ocala 

Notable people
Notable musical groups
Underoath, metalcore band

Sister cities
Ocala has two sister cities:

 Newbridge, County Kildare, in Ireland (2008)
 Pisa and San Rossore in Italy  (2004)

See also
Appleton Museum of Art
Emergency Medical Services Alliance
Jumbolair Airport
List of sites and peoples visited by the Hernando de Soto Expedition
Ocala National Forest
Sholom Park
Star–Banner
United Hebrews of Ocala
Passage 12:
Tamiami, Florida
Tamiami is a census-designated place (CDP) in Miami-Dade County, Florida, United States  The population was 54,212 at the 2020 census 

Name
The name Tamiami is a portmanteau of the phrase "Tampa to Miami"  The Tamiami Trail, a roadway that goes through the Everglades, connecting the two cities, was the reason for this combination 

Geography
Tamiami is located 14 miles (23 km) west of downtown Miami at 25°45′18″N 80°24′13″W (25 754945, -80 403611)  It is bordered to the east by Sweetwater and Westchester, to the southeast by Westwood Lakes, and to the south by Kendale Lakes  U S  Route 41, the Tamiami Trail, passes through the center of the community, leading east into Miami and west through the Everglades 95 miles (153 km) to Naples  Tampa is an additional 160 miles (260 km) north beyond Naples 

According to the United States Census Bureau, the Tamiami CDP has a total area of 7 4 sq mi (19 km2), of which 0 4 sq mi (1 0 km2), or 5 16%, are water 

Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 54,212 people, 16,057 households, and 13,185 families residing in the CDP 

2010 census
As of 2010, there were 17,256 households, with 3 0% being vacant  As of 2000, 42 1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 66 0% were married couples living together, 16 2% had a female householder with no husband present, and 12 6% were non-families  9 4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 3 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older  The average household size was 3 33 and the average family size was 3 50 

2000 census
As of 2000, the CDP population was spread out, with 24 4% under the age of 18, 8 7% from 18 to 24, 30 0% from 25 to 44, 24 1% from 45 to 64, and 12 9% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 37 years  For every 100 females, there were 90 4 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85 4 males 
As of 2000, the median income for a household in the CDP was $47,503, and the median income for a family was $49,763  Males had a median income of $30,716 versus $26,426 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $17,601   About 7 6% of families and 9 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 12 0% of those under age 18 and 9 7% of those age 65 or over 
As of 2000, speakers of Spanish as a first language accounted for 92 39% of residents, while English was the mother tongue of 6 99% of the population  Other languages spoken were well below 1% of the population 

Education
Miami-Dade County Public Schools operates public schools Elementary schools:

Marjory Stoneman Douglas Elementary School
Greenglade Elementary School
Joe Hall Elementary School
Zora Neale Hurston Elementary School
Wesley Matthews Elementary School
Village Green Elementary SchoolMiddle schools:

Paul W  Bell Middle School
W  R  Thomas Middle SchoolThe Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami operates Catholic schools  St  Kevin School is in Tamiami It opened in August 1980  Belen Jesuit Preparatory School is also in Tamiami 
Passage 13:
West DeLand, Florida
West DeLand is a census-designated place (CDP) in Volusia County, Florida, United States  The population was 3,908 at the 2020 census 

Geography
West DeLand is located at 29°1′7″N 81°19′44″W (29 018654, -81 328754) According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 2 4 square miles (6 1 km2), all land 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,424 people, 1,283 households, and 934 families residing in the CDP   The population density was 565 0/km2 (1,465 0/mi2)   There were 1,342 housing units at an average density of 221 4/km2 (574 2/mi2)   The racial makeup of the CDP was 88 70% White, 6 57% African American, 0 20% Native American, 0 55% Asian, 2 63% from other races, and 1 34% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6 45% of the population 
There were 1,283 households, out of which 32 4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 55 1% were married couples living together, 12



ground_truth: Ko Phi Phi Leh

Ko Phi Phi Le

prompt_front: Answer the question based on the given passages. Only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where is Sean Hampton's birth place in the state of Florida?

The following are given passages.
Context 3: 5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 27 2% were non-families  22 0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 2 65 and the average family size was 3 05 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 25 3% under the age of 18, 7 4% from 18 to 24, 28 0% from 25 to 44, 24 4% from 45 to 64, and 14 9% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 38 years  For every 100 females, there were 97 9 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 93 0 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,832, and the median income for a family was $40,560  Males had a median income of $29,145 versus $21,902 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $19,496   About 4 8% of families and 9 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 13 0% of those under age 18 and 9 5% of those age 65 or over 
Passage 14:
Solana, Florida
Solana is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Charlotte County, Florida, United States  The population was 671 at the 2020 census  It is part of the Sarasota-Bradenton-Punta Gorda Combined Statistical Area 

Geography
Solana is located on the eastern edge of Punta Gorda at 26°56′25″N 82°1′46″W (26 940277, -82 029368)  It is bordered to the east by Interstate 75, with access from Exit 164 (U S  Route 17)  Via I-75 it is 26 miles (42 km) north of the Fort Myers area and 30 miles (48 km) southwest of the outskirts of Venice 
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Solana CDP has a total area of 1 7 square miles (4 3 km2), of which 1 5 square miles (4 0 km2) is land and 0 12 square miles (0 3 km2), or 7 13%, is water 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,011 people, 459 households, and 267 families residing in the CDP   The population density was 590 3 inhabitants per square mile (227 9/km2)   There were 563 housing units at an average density of 328 7 per square mile (126 9/km2)   The racial makeup of the CDP was 91 69% White, 5 44% African American, 0 20% Native American, 1 09% Asian, 0 49% from other races, and 1 09% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2 37% of the population 
There were 459 households, out of which 18 5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 40 3% were married couples living together, 12 0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 41 8% were non-families  31 8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 2 20 and the average family size was 2 69 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 18 2% under the age of 18, 9 1% from 18 to 24, 22 4% from 25 to 44, 26 9% from 45 to 64, and 23 4% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 45 years  For every 100 females, there were 101 4 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 101 7 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $23,472, and the median income for a family was $30,855  Males had a median income of $28,594 versus $20,726 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $17,176   About 14 2% of families and 19 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 48 5% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over 
Passage 15:
Kendall Green, Pompano Beach, Florida
Kendall Green was a census-designated place (CDP) in Broward County, Florida, United States, and is now a neighborhood of Pompano Beach, Florida  The population was 3,084 at the 2000 census 

Geography
Kendall Green is located at 26°16′2″N 80°7′13″W (26 267188, -80 120241) According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1 2 km2 (0 5 mi2), all land 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 3,084 people, 931 households, and 683 families residing in the CDP   The population density was 2,480 7/km2 (6,467 8/mi2)   There were 982 housing units at an average density of 789 9/km2 (2,059 5/mi2)   The racial makeup of the CDP was 39 40% White (28 6% were Non-Hispanic White,) 41 28% African American, 0 23% Native American, 1 04% Asian, 0 06% Pacific Islander, 4 12% from other races, and 13 88% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 16 02% of the population 
There were 931 households, out of which 42 0% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47 7% were married couples living together, 17 6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 26 6% were non-families  18 0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 3 31 and the average family size was 3 74 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 30 0% under the age of 18, 10 6% from 18 to 24, 32 5% from 25 to 44, 19 2% from 45 to 64, and 7 8% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 32 years  For every 100 females, there were 102 8 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 103 6 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $36,304, and the median income for a family was $35,260  Males had a median income of $25,239 versus $18,818 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $12,621   About 20 4% of families and 22 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 29 4% of those under age 18 and 6 5% of those age 65 or over 
As of 2000, English was a first language for 25 78% of all residents, while French Creole accounted for 50 22%, Spanish made up 24 26%, Portuguese was at 4 62%, and French was the mother tongue of 2 33% of the population 
Passage 16:
Zephyrhills North, Florida
Zephyrhills North is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pasco County, Florida, United States   The population was 2,544 at the 2000 census 

Geography
Zephyrhills North is located at 28°15′0″N 82°9′56″W (28 250083, -82 165528) According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1 1 square miles (2 8 km2), all land 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,544 people, 1,298 households, and 842 families residing in the CDP   The population density was 2,360 0 inhabitants per square mile (911 2/km2)   There were 1,889 housing units at an average density of 1,752 4 per square mile (676 6/km2)   The racial makeup of the CDP was 94 34% White, 1 14% African American, 0 67% Native American, 1 38% Asian, 0 04% Pacific Islander, 1 06% from other races, and 1 38% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3 30% of the population 
There were 1,298 households, out of which 13 1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 54 7% were married couples living together, 8 8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 35 1% were non-families  31 0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 22 0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 1 96 and the average family size was 2 37 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 12 9% under the age of 18, 4 8% from 18 to 24, 14 6% from 25 to 44, 20 3% from 45 to 64, and 47 4% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 64 years  For every 100 females, there were 81 5 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 79 1 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $29,462, and the median income for a family was $32,897  Males had a median income of $28,214 versus $20,529 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $16,344   About 6 6% of families and 10 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24 2% of those under age 18 and 5 3% of those age 65 or over 
Passage 17:
Jasmine Estates, Florida
Jasmine Estates is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pasco County, Florida, United States   The population was 18,989 according to the 2010 census 

Geography
Jasmine Estates is located at 28°17′37″N 82°41′30″W According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 3 6 square miles (9 3 km2), of which 3 6 square miles (9 3 km2) is land and 0 1 square miles (0 26 km2) (1 65%) is water 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 18,213 people, 8,361 households, and 5,275 families residing in the CDP   The population density was 5,096 5 inhabitants per square mile (1,967 8/km2)   There were 9,289 housing units at an average density of 2,599 3 per square mile (1,003 6/km2)   The racial makeup of the CDP was 94 46% White, 1 63% African American, 0 32% Native American, 0 88% Asian, 0 02% Pacific Islander, 1 21% from other races, and 1 49% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 6 07% of the population 
There were 8,361 households, out of which 21 3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 47 4% were married couples living together, 11 4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 36 9% were non-families  31 4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 20 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 2 18 and the average family size was 2 67 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 19 1% under the age of 18, 6 2% from 18 to 24, 23 6% from 25 to 44, 20 6% from 45 to 64, and 30 4% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 46 years  For every 100 females, there were 86 0 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83 2 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $26,935, and the median income for a family was $31,584  Males had a median income of $26,077 versus $21,906 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $14,867   About 12 0% of families and 14 3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 24 8% of those under age 18 and 9 0% of those age 65 or over 
Passage 18:
Ridgecrest, Florida
Ridgecrest is a census-designated place (CDP) in Pinellas County, Florida, United States  The population was 2,558 at the 2010 census 

Geography
Ridgecrest is located at 27°53′45″N 82°48′17″W (27 895767, -82 804786) According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 1 5 km2 (0 6 mi2), of which 1 5 km2 (0 6 mi2) is land and 1 75% is water 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,453 people, 781 households, and 623 families residing in the CDP   The population density was 1,691 3/km2 (4,354 6/mi2)   There were 862 housing units at an average density of 594 3/km2 (1,530 2/mi2)   The racial makeup of the CDP was 16 23% White, 80 64% African American, 0 08% Native American, 0 16% Asian, 0 98% from other races, and 1 92% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3 18% of the population 
There were 781 households, out of which 39 4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32 5% were married couples living together, 41 6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20 2% were non-families  15 7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 6 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 3 13 and the average family size was 3 51 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 36 9% under the age of 18, 8 8% from 18 to 24, 24 8% from 25 to 44, 20 3% from 45 to 64, and 9 2% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 29 years  For every 100 females, there were 80 9 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 69 4 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $32,535, and the median income for a family was $26,591  Males had a median income of $26,850 versus $20,664 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $13,290   About 20 1% of families and 22 7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 35 4% of those under age 18 and 11 0% of those age 65 or over 
Passage 19:
East Palatka, Florida
East Palatka is a census-designated place (CDP) in Putnam County, Florida, United States  It is located on the east side of the City of Palatka at the intersection of U S  Route 17/State Road 20/State Road 100 and the southwestern terminus of State Road 207  The population was 1,654 at the 2010 census East Palatka is home to the Palatka State Farmer's Market, as well as the Putnam County Fairgrounds 

Geography
East Palatka is located at 29°39′00″N 81°35′58″W According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP has a total area of 4 5 square miles (12 km2), of which 3 2 square miles (8 3 km2) is land and 1 3 square miles (3 4 km2) (28 89%) is water  East Palatka is drained by the St  Johns River 

Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,707 people, 521 households, and 365 families residing in the CDP   The population density was 532 3 inhabitants per square mile (205 5/km2)   There were 594 housing units at an average density of 185 2 per square mile (71 5/km2)   The racial makeup of the CDP was 59 64% White, 37 26% African American, 0 29% Native American, 1 00% Asian, 0 76% from other races, and 1 05% from two or more races  Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2 40% of the population 
There were 521 households, out of which 28 6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50 5% were married couples living together, 15 5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 29 9% were non-families  25 3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12 7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 2 50 and the average family size was 2 98 
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 18 5% under the age of 18, 8 7% from 18 to 24, 36 7% from 25 to 44, 21 8% from 45 to 64, and 14 3% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 38 years  For every 100 females, there were 158 2 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 175 6 males 
The median income for a household in the CDP was $37,857, and the median income for a family was $46,071  Males had a median income of $31,507 versus $26,250 for females  The per capita income for the CDP was $18,478   About 12 6% of families and 17 4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 41 4% of those under age 18 and 12 8% of those age 65 or over 

Residents
The noted southern economist Dr  R  Christopher Jones was born and raised in East Palatka 



ground_truth: in Northern Florida

Northern Florida