prompt_front: Now, answer the following question based on the text below, only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What are the titles of one of Kam W. Leong's publications in Journal of Controlled Release?

Read the following text and answer briefly.

Context 1: Publications of Kam W  Leong
Publications of Kam W  Leong :chronological alphabetical combined bibtex listing:
K W  Leong, Synthetic mast-cell granules as adjuvants to promote and polarize immunity in lymph nodes (2013) [PDF]
K W  Leong, Tuning Physical Properties of Nanocomplexes through Microfluidics-Assisted Confinement (2013) [PDF]
K W  Leong, Nucleic acid scavengers inhibit thrombosis without increasing bleeding (2013) [PDF]
K W  Leong, Nanotopography as modulator of human mesenchymal stem cell function (2013) [PDF]
K W  Leong, Efficacy of engineered FVIII-producing skeletal muscle enhanced by growth factor-releasing co-axial electrospun fibers (2013) [PDF]
Zhao, F  and Veldhuis, J  J  and Duan, Y  J  and Yang, Y  and Christoforou, N  and Ma, T  and Leong, K  W , Low Oxygen Tension and Synthetic Nanogratings Improve the Uniformity and Stemness of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Layer, Molecular Therapy, vol  18 no  5 (2010), pp  1010-1018 [abs]
Kadiyala, I  and Loo, Y  H  and Roy, K  and Rice, J  and Leong, K  W , Transport of chitosan-DNA nanoparticles in human intestinal M-cell model versus normal intestinal enterocytes, European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, vol  39 no  1-3 (2010), pp  103-109 [abs]
Wang, Y  and Quek, C  H  and Leong, K W  and Fang, J , Synthesis and Cytotoxity of Luminescent InP Quantum Dots, MRS Symposium Proceeding, vol  1241E (2010)
Jiang, X  and Zheng, Y  and Chen, H  H  and Leong, K  W  and Wang, T  H  and Mao, H  Q , Dual-Sensitive Micellar Nanoparticles Regulate DNA Unpacking and Enhance Gene-Delivery Efficiency, Adv Mater (2010)
Ho, Y  P  and Leong, K  W , Quantum dot-based theranostics, Nanoscale, vol  2 no  1 (2010), pp  60-68 [PDF] [abs]
Phua, K  and Leong, K  W , Microscale oral delivery devices incorporating nanoparticles, Nanomedicine, vol  5 no  2 (2010), pp  161-163
Grigsby, C  L  and Leong, K  W , Balancing protection and release of DNA: tools to address a bottleneck of non-viral gene delivery, Journal of the Royal Society Interface, vol  7 (2010), pp  S67-S82 [abs]
Chalut, K  J  and Kulangara, K  and Giacomelli, M  G  and Wax, A  and Leong, K  W , Deformation of stem cell nuclei by nanotopographical cues, Soft Matter, vol  6 no  8 (2010), pp  1675-1681 [abs]
Chen, S  and Jones, J  A  and Xu, Y  and Low, H  Y  and Anderson, J  M  and Leong, K  W , Characterization of topographical effects on macrophage behavior in a foreign body response model, Biomaterials, vol  31 no  13 (2010), pp  3479-91 [PDF] [abs]
Yim, E  K  F  and Darling, E  M  and Kulangara, K  and Guilak, F  and Leong, K  W , Nanotopography-induced changes in focal adhesions, cytoskeletal organization, and mechanical properties of human mesenchymal stem cells, Biomaterials, vol  31 no  6 (2010), pp  1299-1306 [PDF] [abs]
Yow, S  Z  and Quek, C  H  and Yim, E  K  F  and Lim, C  T  and Leong, K  W , Collagen-based fibrous scaffold for spatial organization of encapsulated and seeded human mesenchymal stem cells, Biomaterials, vol  30 no  6 (2009), pp  1133-1142 [abs]
Kunder, C  A  and John, A  L  S  and Li, G  J  and Leong, K  W  and Berwin, B  and Staats, H  F  and Abraham, S  N , Mast cell-derived particles deliver peripheral signals to remote lymph nodes, Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol  206 no  11 (2009), pp  2455-2467 [abs]
Ho, Y P  and Chen, H H  and Leong, K W  and Wang, T H , Combining QD-FRET and microfluidics to monitor DNA nanocomplex self-assembly in real-time, J Vis Exp (2009), pp  1432
Kulangara, K  and Leong, K  W , Substrate topography shapes cell function, Soft Matter, vol  5 no  21 (2009), pp  4072-4076 [abs]
Chakraborty, S  and Liao, I  C  and Adler, A  and Leong, K  W , Electrohydrodynamics: A facile technique to fabricate drug delivery systems, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol  61 no  12 (2009), pp  1043-1054 [abs]
Oney, S  and Lam, R  T  S  and Bompiani, K  M  and Blake, C  M  and Quick, G  and Heidel, J  D  and Liu, J  Y  C  and Mack, B  C  and Davis, M  E  and Leong, K  W  and Sullenger, B  A , Development of universal antidotes to control aptamer activity, Nature Medicine, vol  15 no  10 (2009), pp  1224-1228 [PDF] [abs]
Chen, H  H  and Ho, Y  P  and Jiang, X  and Mao, H  Q  and Wang, T  H  and Leong, K  W , Simultaneous non-invasive analysis of DNA condensation and stability by two-step QD-FRET, Nano Today, vol  4 no  2 (2009), pp  125-134 [PDF] [abs]
Ho, Y  P  and Chen, H  H  and Leong, K  W  and Wang, T  H , The convergence of quantum-dot-mediated fluorescence resonance energy transfer and microfluidics for monitoring DNA polyplex self-assembly in real time, Nanotechnology, vol  20 no  9 (2009), pp  - [abs]
Liao, I  C  and Chen, S  L  and Liu, J  B  and Leong, K  W , Sustained viral gene delivery through core-shell fibers, Journal of Controlled Release, vol  139 no  1 (2009), pp  48-55 [abs]
Lou, Y  L  and Peng, Y  S  and Chen, B  H  and Wang, L  F  and Leong, K  W , Poly(ethylene imine)-g-chitosan using EX-810 as a spacer for nonviral gene delivery vectors, Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A, vol  88A no  4 (2009), pp  1058-1068 [abs]
Chew, S  Y  and Mi, R  and Hoke, A  and Leong, K  W , The effect of the alignment of electrospun fibrous scaffolds on Schwann cell maturation, Biomaterials, vol  29 no  6 (2008), pp  653-61 [abs]
Chen, H  H  and Ho, Y  P  and Jiang, X  and Mao, H  Q  and Wang, T  H  and Leong, K  W , Quantitative comparison of intracellular unpacking kinetics of polyplexes by a model constructed from quantum Dot-FRET, Molecular Therapy, vol  16 no  2 (2008), pp  324-332 [abs]
Chan, B  P  and Leong, K  W , Scaffolding in tissue engineering: general approaches and tissue-specific considerations, European Spine Journal, vol  17 (2008), pp  S467-S479 [abs]
Tsurushima, H  and Yuan, X  and Dillehay, L  E  and Leong, K  W , Radiation-inducible caspase-8 gene therapy for malignant brain tumors, International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics, vol  71 no  2 (2008), pp  517-525 [abs]
Bowman, K  and Sarkar, R  and Raut, S  and Leong, K  W , Gene transfer to hemophilia A mice via oral delivery of FVIII-chitosan nanoparticles, Journal of Controlled Release, vol  132 no  3 (2008), pp  252-259 [abs]
Choi, J  S  and Leong, K  W  and Yoo, H  S , In vivo wound healing of diabetic ulcers using electrospun nanofibers immobilized with human epidermal growth factor (EGF), Biomaterials, vol  29 no  5 (2008), pp  587-96 [abs]
Liao, I  C  and Liu, J  B  and Bursac, N  and Leong, K  W , Effect of Electromechanical Stimulation on the Maturation of Myotubes on Aligned Electrospun Fibers, Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering, vol  1 no  2-3 (2008), pp  133-145 [abs]
Prow, T  W  and Bhutto, I  and Kim, S  Y  and Grebe, R  and Merges, C  and McLeod, D  S  and Uno, K  and Mennon, M  and Rodriguez, L  and Leong, K  and Lutty, G  A , Ocular nanoparticle toxicity and transfection of the retina and retinal pigment epithelium, Nanomedicine-Nanotechnology Biology and Medicine, vol  4 no  4 (2008), pp  340-349 [abs]
Tan, S  C  W  and Pan, W  X  and Ma, G  and Cai, N  and Leong, K  W  and Liao, K , Viscoelastic behaviour of human mesenchymal stem cells, Bmc Cell Biology, vol  9 (2008), pp  - [abs]
Chalut, K  J  and Chen, S  and Finan, J  D  and Giacomelli, M  G  and Guilak, F  and Leong, K  W  and Wax, A , Label-free, high-throughput measurements of dynamic changes in cell nuclei using angle-resolved low coherence interferometry, Biophysical Journal, vol  94 no  12 (2008), pp  4948-4956 [abs]
Haider, M  and Cappello, J  and Ghandehari, H  and Leong, K  W , In vitro chondrogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells in recombinant silk-elastinlike hydrogels, Pharmaceutical Research, vol  25 no  3 (2008), pp  692-699 [abs]
N  Bursac and Y  H  Loo and K  Leong and L  Tung, Novel anisotropic engineered cardiac tissues: Studies of electrical propagation, Biochemical And Biophysical Research Communications, vol  361 no  4 (October, 2007), pp  847 -- 853, ISSN 0006-291X [abs]
Chen, Beiyi and Dang, Jiyoung and Tan, Tuan Lin and Fang, Ning and Chen, Wei Ning and Leong, Kam W  and Chan, Vincent, Dynamics of smooth muscle cell deadhesion from thermosensitive hydroxybutyl chitosan, Biomaterials, vol  28 no  8 (2007), pp  1503 - 1514 [027] [abs]
Chen, B  and Dang, J  and Tan, T  L  and Fang, N  and Chen, W  N  and Leong, K  W  and Chan, V , Dynamics of smooth muscle cell deadhesion from thermosensitive hydroxybutyl chitosan, Biomaterials, vol  28 no  8 (2007), pp  1503-14 [abs]
Park, D  J  and Choi, J  H  and Leong, K  W  and Kwon, J  W  and Eun, H  S , Tissue-engineered bone formation with gene transfer and mesenchymal stem cells in a minimally invasive technique, Laryngoscope, vol  117 no  7 (2007), pp  1267-71 [abs]
Tsurushima, H  and Yuan, X  and Dillehay, L  E  and Leong, K  W , Radioresponsive tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosisinducing ligand (TRAIL) gene therapy for malignant brain tumors, Cancer Gene Therapy, vol  14 no  8 (2007), pp  706-716 [abs]
Chai, C  and Leong, K  W , Biomaterials approach to expand and direct differentiation of stem cells, Molecular Therapy, vol  15 no  3 (2007), pp  467-480 [abs]
Zhang, Y  and Chai, C  and Jiang, X  S  and Teoh, S  H  and Leong, K  W , Fibronectin immobilized by covalent conjugation or physical adsorption shows different bioactivity on aminated-PET, Materials Science & Engineering C-Biomimetic and Supramolecular Systems, vol  27 no  2 (2007), pp  213-219 [abs]
Song, R  J  and Liu, S  Q  and Leong, K  W , Effects of MIP-1 alpha, MIP-3 alpha, and MIP-3 beta on the induction of HIV Gag-specific immune response with DNA vaccines, Molecular Therapy, vol  15 no  5 (2007), pp  1007-1015 [abs]
Yim, E  K  F  and Liao, I  C  and Leong, K  W , Tissue compatibility of interfacial polyelectrolyte complexation fibrous scaffold: Evaluation of blood compatibility and biocompatibility, Tissue Engineering, vol  13 no  2 (2007), pp  423-433 [abs]
Sharma, B  and Williams, C  G  and Kim, T  K  and Sun, D  N  and Malik, A  and Khan, M  and Leong, K  and Elisseeff, J  H , Designing zonal organization into tissue-engineered cartilage, Tissue Engineering, vol  13 no  2 (2007), pp  405-414 [abs]
Chua, K  N  and Tang, Y  N  and Quek, C  H  and Ramakrishna, S  and Leong, K  W  and Mao, H  Q , A dual-functional fibrous scaffold enhances P450 activity of cultured primary rat hepatocytes, Acta Biomaterialia, vol  3 no  5 (2007), pp  643-650 [abs]
Chua, K  N  and Chai, C  and Lee, P  C  and Ramakrishna, S  and Leong, K  W  and Mao, H  Q , Functional nanofiber scaffolds with different spacers modulate adhesion and expansion of cryopreserved umbilical cord blood hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells, Experimental Hematology, vol  35 no  5 (2007), pp  771-781 [abs]
Yim, E  K  F  and Pang, S  W  and Leong, K  W , Synthetic nanostructures inducing differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells into neuronal lineage, Experimental Cell Research, vol  313 no  9 (2007), pp  1820-1829 [abs]
Chew, S  Y  and Mi, R  F  and Hoke, A  and Leong, K  W , Aligned protein-polymer composite fibers enhance nerve regeneration: A potential tissue-engineering platform, Advanced Functional Materials, vol  17 no  8 (2007), pp  1288-1296 [abs]
Tsurushima, H  and Yuan, X  and Dillehay, L  E  and Leong, K  W , Radio-responsive gene therapy for malignant glioma cells without the radiosensitive promoter: Caspase-3 gene therapy combined with radiation, Cancer Letters, vol  246 no  1-2 (2007), pp  318-323 [abs]
Dang, J M  and Leong, K  W , Myogenic induction of aligned mesenchymal stem cell sheets by culture on thermally responsive electrospun nanofibers, Advanced Materials, vol  19 no  19 (2007), pp  2775-2779
Dai, H  and Jiang, X  and Tan, G  C  and Chen, Y  and Torbenson, M  and Leong, K  W  and Mao, H  Q , Chitosan-DNA nanoparticles delivered by intrabiliary infusion enhance liver-targeted gene delivery, International Journal of Nanomedicine, vol  1 no  4 (2006), pp  507-522 [abs]
Le Visage, C  and Kim, S  W  and Tateno, K  and Sieber, A  N  and Kostuik, J  P  and Leong, K  W , Interaction of human mesenchymal stem cells with disc cells - Changes in extracellular matrix biosynthesis, Spine, vol  31 no  18 (2006), pp  2036-2042
Ong, S  Y  and Dai, H  and Leong, K  W , Inducing hepatic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells in pellet culture, Biomaterials, vol  27 no  22 (2006), pp  4087-4097
Bright, C  and Park, Y  S  and Sieber, A  N  and Kostuik, J  P  and Leong, K  W , In vivo evaluation of plasmid DNA encoding OP-1 protein for spine fusion, Spine, vol  31 no  19 (2006), pp  2163-2172
Yim, E  K  and Wan, A  C  and Le Visage, C  and Liao, I  C  and Leong, K  W , Proliferation and differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cell encapsulated in polyelectrolyte complexation fibrous scaffold, Biomaterials, vol  27 no  36 (2006), pp  6111-22 [abs]
Luong-Van, E  and Grondahl, L  and Chua, K  N  and Leong, K  W  and Nurcombe, V  and Cool, S  M , Controlled release of heparin from poly(epsilon-caprolactone) electrospun fibers, Biomaterials, vol  27 no  9 (2006), pp  2042-2050
Dang, J  M  and Leong, K  W , Natural polymers for gene delivery and tissue engineering, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, vol  58 no  4 (2006), pp  487-499
Li, J  and Li, X  and Ni, X  P  and Wang, X  and Li, H  Z  and Leong, K  W , Self-assembled supramolecular hydrogels formed by biodegradable PEO-PHB-PEO triblock copolymers and alpha-cyclodextrin for controlled drug delivery, Biomaterials, vol  27 no  22 (2006), pp  4132-4140
Yim, E  K  F  and Wen, J  and Leong, K  W , Enhanced extracellular matrix production and differentiation of human embryonic germ cell derivatives in biodegradable poly(epsilon-caprolactone-co-ethyl ethylene phosphate) scaffold, Acta Biomaterialia, vol  2 no  4 (2006), pp  365-376
Chew, S  Y  and Hufnagel, T  C  and Lim, C  T  and Leong, K  W , Mechanical properties of single electrospun drug-encapsulated nanofibres, Nanotechnology, vol  17 no  15 (2006), pp  3880-3891
Zhang, Y  and Chai, C  and Jiang, X  S  and Teoh, S  H  and Leong, K  W , Co-culture of umbilical cord blood CD34(+) cells with human mesenchymal stem cells, Tissue Engineering, vol  12 no  8
Context 2: What is this game all about? (short version) Do you like the board game RISK®? Then chances are you’ll like QONQR  Your job is to join a faction and help your faction (team) take over the world  QONQR is an artificial intelligence that appeared on the Internet  We don’t know where it came from, or its purpose, but we know it is powerful  The Legion want to destroy QONQR because they believe it will enslave and exterminate humanity  The Swarm believe QONQR will advance the human race, and we should protect it  The Faceless don’t care, and want to steal the technology for their own uses  Pick a side, recruit your friends, and help your faction capture the towns and cities in which you live, work, and play  What is this game all about? (long version) Right now an invisible war is raging all around you  At stake: the Past, Present, and Future  A rogue Artificial Intelligence has been detected infiltrating the world’s networked infrastructure  Initial hacking of the source code has revealed incredible new technology  It is not certain whether this AI seeks to enhance or destroy humanity  It is only certain that it is here, and that is has a name: QONQR Those who first detected the presence of QONQR on the global networks have argued fiercely over its intentions  They have split into viciously rival Factions, each co-opting the known QONQR technologies for their own ends  Even now the Factions battle over the entire globe seeking to gather resources and prepare for the coming power struggle  Whether you accept it or not, the war is here  Your survival, prosperity, and even glory depend on the choices you make and the skill you demonstrate from this point forward  You will be asked to join one of three Factions  The choice should not be made lightly  Your Faction Alignment will define your place in the war over QONQR  THE LEGION unite under the shared goals of destroying QONQR and saving humanity by crushing the nascent AI before it can mature  They are led by AGENT SUNDAY, a former commander of the NSA's Turing Task Force which has been valiantly stamping out dangerous AIs for years  THE SWARM are convinced that QONQR promises an era of unprecedented technological advancement and human prosperity  Nanobot weaponry expert KIMYO NAGUMO leads this faction in the battle to defend QONQR and assemble its future tech, accelerating humanity's path into the future  THE FACELESS are a loosely organized faction of militant hackers who want QONQR's technology for their own ends, but want to prevent the unavoidable nightmare of human slavery they believe it portends  When they choose to communicate, they do so through an anonymous vigilante who goes by the name PROMETHEUS    What do I do first? Create a base, then launch  Launch nanobots until your fingers hurt  How do I create a base? On iOS there is a Base icon in the menu bar  For Windows Phone, you will find a bases button on the home screen  These take you to the Base Screen where you can see how many bases you have available to you  Once you create a base, be sure harvest often by returning to the list of your bases  You can see how full each base is by checking the fill percentage icon  Bases stop collecting once they are full  What is the point of creating bases and harvesting resources? You need bases to earn money  Bases collect rare elements over time which you can then harvest for your faction in exchange for qredits  Qredits can be used to purchase ordinance (like nanomissiles) and upgrades which will help you capture and hold battle zones more easily  What do you mean, “launch nanobots?” Nanobots are the invisible soldiers generated by your device (which has been transformed into “Scope” by advanced QONQR technology)  Nanobots fight for control of the battle zones around you   From the home screen click “Current Zone”  Once you have selected your zone, you will be able to deploy nanobots there   Initially, you are just a level 1 recruit  You are only going to get a small attack formation with a limited range   Other solders have to practice with rifles before they get tanks; you are no different  Once you prove your mettle, you’ll get access to bigger weapons  Soon you’ll be lobbing missiles hundreds of miles  How do I capture a zone? If you play for the Legion and are launching nanobots into a zone controlled by the Swarm, you will capture the zone for the Legion as soon as you have destroyed enough of the enemy that your nonbots outnumber theirs  If you are the person who causes the zone to change control to the Legion, you will be listed as the Capturer of the Zone  The Person with the most nanobots in the zone is the zone leader  What is my current zone? How do you know? Your current zone is determined by your proximity to the nearest zone center  So, while you might be inside the governmental boundaries of a city, your scope (phone) could tell you your current zone is a different city, if that city’s center is closer  So I just keep deploying? Yes, in the early levels of the game, just keep deploying and harvesting your bases  You will earn XP (experience points) proving your loyalty to your Faction 	You will level up quickly and soon have access to many more options  So all I can do is just attack? You only get assault bots to start  They are the most basic type of nanobot formation  As you level up you will get many more options, including bots that are good at defense, energy attacks, long-range deployments, formations that will buff the shields for all your faction-mates in the zone, and many more  My faction already controls this zone should I still attack? Yes, assault bots won’t attack your friends  You will increase the bot counts for that zone, which will deter opponents  Attack bots can defend your zone; they just aren’t very good at it  As you level up you will unlock defensive formations that are better for deploying if your faction already holds the zone  I’ll never knock out my enemy at this rate! In the first few levels your impact might feel minimal, but every deployment helps you gain experience  It won’t take long to level up if you keep at it  If you are unlucky enough to be in a zone where someone has already built up huge defenses, you may be in for a long fight  But remember, your scope moves with you  Go explore the world and find softer targets  Once you level up, it won’t seem like a toy gun against a battleship  You’ll get your big weapons once you prove yourself  We have already seen operatives brag about taking down 1,000,000 nanobots in just a couple days  Nothing is impossible  How do I attack a different zone? As you level up you will unlock more and stronger formations  Those new formations will have range  While at the early levels you can only attack nearby zones, as you level up your attacks will go 10-20 miles (roughly 15-30 Km) and you will eventually gain access to nanomissiles that can go hundreds of miles  What should I buy in the depot first? The smallest thing to buy is a refresh  We give you some of these as you level up so you can try them out  Refreshes will refill (or partially fill depending on the size of your tank) your bot bar or your energy bar  But after that, it depends on your goals  There is much to choose from  Do you want to be able to deploy more nanobots on every launch? Do you want to boost your offensive or defensive bots? Do you want to be able to launch missiles into towns far away? All of these things are possible  Look through the depot and see what you like  Most of the time you will need to buy an upgrade before you can buy the ordinance  For example, missiles are fairly inexpensive, but you need to buy the MX Rack Missile Launcher before you can launch them  Buy the upgrade first  What is the difference between qredits and cubes in the depot? A qredit (aka: credit, which looks like the child of a Q and € ) is the type of currency you earn in the game by harvesting your bases  Cubes (aka: power cubes) are purchased with real money in the Bank section of the Depot  We want everyone to be able to do everything in the game for free, by earning qredits, but for those who want to move a bit faster, you can purchase cubes to speed things along  Purchasing cubes is how QONQR makes money  We very much appreciate your support  Every purchase you make helps us to keep making improvements in the game  Future enhancements will enable you to earn cubes in game  Why can’t I create another base? Additional bases become available as you level up  At the start, you will get a new base every 5 levels  If you don’t have any more bases available to build, you will need to level up  If you have a base available, but aren’t allowed to use it, it is because you already have a base in that zone  You can only have one base in a zone  Get yourself to another zone, then create your base there  My bases are collecting credits at different rates  Your bases collect resources faster if your faction controls the zone  Do your best to either put your bases in zones you can control by yourself, or find zones with strong players in the same faction and put your bases there to maximize your credit collection  The game says I’m in a town that doesn’t exist  QONQR tracks almost 3 million battle zones of varying strategic value in 250 countries  Sometimes those zones include locations that haven’t existed for over 100 years  That’s pretty cool if you ask us  If you find a zone that looks like a duplicate or is just plain wrong, however, let us know on the forums under “Zone Corrections”  How do I move my current position on the map? You might need to take a car, bus, plane or train depending on which zone you are trying to get to, but if you want to move on the map, you need to move in the real world  QONQR is a location-based game, which means you play where you are  However we don't want to make you move to play, we want you to plan when you move  QONQR goes with you as you move through the daily activities in your life  Where do I find the Strategy Guide? Here: http://community qonqr com/index php?/topic/1191-the-official-qonqr-strategy-guide/ How do I win? That is for you to decide  There is still much to discover  We don’t even know if QONQR is good or evil  Why is it here? What is its purpose? Help your faction further its goals and unlock all the secrets of QONQR!
Congratulations to the Swarm on their overwhelming victory in Atlantis in May 2015 -- taking and retaining all Atlantis zones from beginning to end is hard to argue with -- most convincing -- well done Swarm!
Rumor has it that the Duggers have 20 scopes  Some families really do have a wife and ten kids    Ha Anyways     Multi scoping is generally not encouraged, usually if you mention that you do it on the forums or in groupme your not going to be a very liked person, even within your own faction  What tends to happen is if you start multiscoping then your enemies start doing it, then you get into a war where ever person has 6 phones and nobody is happy  I've seen or heard about situations like this in a lot of different locations 
Great job, faceless! It was actually an exciting Atlantis and I prefer it that way  Way to bring your A game 
You know what we need in this game? Nano-Nukes!!
Attention (insert faction here), We, the (insert faction here) are tired of the way you constantly (circle one)   A  Cube rage us B  Bully us with numbers C  Talk mean to us It hurts our feelings because (circle one)   A  We don't cube B  We don't have as many allies C  We have no sense of humor and/or no backbone Please refrain from participating in the above selected actions for above selected reasons so as the game is enjoyable for (insert faction here)  Regards, (insert name and faction here) There we go   this should streamline the entire complaint process of the forums  Copy and reuse as needed  You're welcome 
Silver, you mentioned in a blog that there are levels beyond 150, is it safe to say there is no level limit anymore or is that for us to discover? Another question, I'm not sure if I'm the only one noticing this but it seems like bot decay doesn't work against Zone Assault bots  I've hit two players I know have been inactive for well over 6 months but my attack had the same effect it did yesterday before the update  However I did notice against Deflection bots I am getting 2x the kill power  Also in response to decontaminatoR  Paid gaming isn't just something for adults  When I was 13 the best options for handheld gaming was GameBoy or GameGear and the games at the time cost anywhere between $29-$39 dollars  I had a paper route to pay for my games  So, no offense, but you can afford $0 99 for a game  You don't even need a paper route, just check under your couch cushions and I'm sure you'll find a few quarters 
I want to start by thanking Faceless  This round of Atlantis, Legion and Faceless were doubled in sized and probably spending by Swarm  I contacted some great players from the other side and put together a nonaggression pact, this pact was one of the most impressive agreements I've seen in the more than two years of playing  Hundreds of people worldwide stuck to this agreement and put past feelings behind us  It was awesome to see both sides stick so closely to each other in fighting against Swarm  I want to really thank everyone who showed honor by standing behind me and the faceless command when we suggested that, the people who really gave it a chance and then most importantly, to all the players who honored it  Faceless, thank you very much! We stood no chance of winning without you! The battle came down to literally one launch in one of three zones  I'd say that with that being said everyone fought incredibly hard, so I want to give Swarm the respect they deserve  You guys really show out and play to win  Good game, 2 against 1 is not easy, no matter how large your crew is  And Legion, we had many late, late nights, many very long days  You guys killed it this month! We didn't take home a trophy, but I would say we all have something to be proud of! The other leaders who helped me coordinate everything were awesome! So many great people kept everything moving forward 24 hours a day for the whole week  Thank you to everyone who gave it your all for the whole week even when we saw that Swarm had 4x our bots at the end of just one day  Many people would have given up, but we held in and **** near won! I've won Atlantis battles with Faceless and with Legion but I will say, nothing was as fun or incredible as this round! You guys are fantastic and I can't wait to do it all again next month! Hopefully we have more Legion and Faceless show up for the next round, but I know that even if we don't, we will figure out a way, just as warriors do  PEW! PEW! PEW!
I must start with an announcement: Camels are not the only animal in the middle east  You have overused it already  It's saddens me that anyone would still find it funny  Get a bit of originality  For anyone not wanting to read all this drivel, skip to the end (hint: Bold stuff)  At what point have I bullied anyone? When was the last aggressive or threatening message you or any of your members received from me? Never  Legion and Swarm (in the UK) have teamed up because Faceless are dominating in London  That makes sense  It's a three sided fight and if one force becomes too powerful, the other two can join forces to try and take them down  But: We are dominating in the London area while your alliance is attacking players outside of that area  Then you expect me to sit back and do nothing  You are specifically using me as an excuse for why you have teamed up but then you're attacking players outside of my reach, sometimes with Europe involved  If that is not reason enough to attack you then I'm not sure what is  You lot cube, multiscope and have multi faction accounts and still complain  I don't complain about anything you do  Play the way you want to, ill do the same  I am never rude to anyone, always polite no matter what the message is, never brag about what I do, can do or have done, never threaten anyone, try and keep in touch with the few swarm or legion who are civilised to me, listen to any message form any side and if I can help in any way, I try my best to  Formed agreements with enemy (that I didn't need to) that ended up slapping me in the face  I have even in the past taken the time to find out who some of the younger players are so I know to avoid them  When I'm in a different country I try and find who the bullies are  Those players who threaten and brag and laugh at others  Those are my targets (if they exist in those areas)  I don't see how anyone can think I'm a bully  Is it your money? Its none of your business how I spend it  Either way your numbers are way off  700 dollars a day? Did you just decide to blindly strike the number pad to come up with that figure? Best part of one of your posts is saying that the devs should worry about my welfare  What concerns you about me spending my money? Maybe I'll self harm due to overspending? I wont have enough to buy food because I bought too many cubes? I don't understand what they are supposed to worry about  I have issues? At what point did you deduce this oh mighty psychologist? Wait a minute are you my bank account manager? What do you know about how much I can or cant afford? Random guy spends money on something he enjoys  The end  Told you last time to give up on all the drama but I guess thank you for the concern  You play to make me spend more? And? What do you think that accomplishes? In fact how do you even make me spend? You don't even attack me  You sulk when I'm in the UK and when I fly out and you find out, you call in Europe to help you take an zone or two  As they say, whatever floats your boat  As for Atlantis: Please try again  I quit Atlantis when we were winning  I have on occasion involved myself after I was asked to help out but on the whole I give it a miss  The last time (months ago) was the last 10 minutes of Atlantis and Legion fought hard  We lost  I was not the only Faceless player to quit Atlantis  Quite a few of us thought it lasted too long and had too many zones to fight over
Context 3: McPherson County (standard abbreviation: MP) is a county located in the U S  state of Kansas   As of the 2020 census, the county population was 30,223  The largest city and county seat is McPherson  The county is named for Civil War General James B  McPherson 

History

Early history

For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans  From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America  In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau  In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles 

In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2 83 cents per acre  In 1848, after the Mexican–American War, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with Spain brought into the United States all or part of land for ten future states, including southwest Kansas  In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U S  state 

19th century

From the 1820s to 1870s, the Santa Fe Trail passed through, what is now McPherson County  The trail entered the county, east of Canton, then south of Galva, then north of Inman, and west towards Lyons  In 1855, Charles O  Fuller established a ranch adjacent to the Running Turkey Creek Crossing about two miles south and one mile east of Galva  Fuller's Ranch provided accommodations for travelers on the Santa Fe Trail and was probably the first white settlement in McPherson County 

Peketon County was established in 1860, by the passage of a bill by S  N  Wood:  An act to establish Peketon County  Section 1  - That all that territory west of the sixth principal meridian and south of Township 16, in Kansas Territory, be and the same is hereby erected into a county, to be known by the name of Peketon County  On February 17, 1865, Peketon County was abolished, and McPherson County was made a part of Marion County, which extended from the west line of Chase County to the present western boundary of Kansas 

In 1868, Solomon Stephens and L  N  Holmberg were appointed Justices of the Peace—the first officers in what is now McPherson County  The next year (1869) occurred the first election for the township, now the county of McPherson  McPherson was regularly organized as a county in the spring of 1870, a mass meeting being held at Sweadal  Sweadal, the county seat thus selected, was located about one mile and a half southwest of the present site of Lindsborg  In September, however, the County Commissioners resolved to meet at the latter place, McPherson which had already been located some two years 

In April, 1873, a petition was filed for the county seat re-location  It was signed by 483 voters, and a special election was accordingly ordered for June 10  Upon that day, McPherson received 605 votes, New Gottland 325, King City 3 and Lindsborg 1; McPherson's majority over all, 276  In May the McPherson Town Company had offered, as an inducement for the location of the county seat at this point, the free use of rooms for ten years, and the donation of two squares of land on the town site  The offer was accepted the next month, the County Commissioners selecting blocks 56 and 65  Thus the county seat was established at McPherson and has remained since 

As early as 1875, city leaders of Marion held a meeting to consider a branch railroad from Florence  In 1878, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and parties from Marion County and McPherson County chartered the Marion and McPherson Railway Company   In 1879, a branch line was built from Florence to McPherson, in 1880 it was extended to Lyons, in 1881 it was extended to Ellinwood  The line was leased and operated by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway  The line from Florence to Marion, was abandoned in 1968  In 1992, the line from Marion to McPherson was sold to Central Kansas Railway  In 1993, after heavy flood damage, the line from Marion to McPherson was abandoned



ground_truth: Sustained viral gene delivery through core-shell fibers and Gene transfer to hemophilia A mice via oral delivery of FVIII-chitosan nanoparticles.

prompt_front: Now, answer the following question based on the text below, only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: How can you level up in the early levels?

Read the following text and answer briefly.

Context 2:  I hear the duration has been reduced  You can't honestly believe I changed my sleeping pattern for the game  I was in California for a month  I was jet lagged  My sleeping pattern was a bit off when I got back  You're not even accurate about when I deploy  Pay attention  You should know this by now: I play as and when I want, sometimes every 20 minutes and sometimes I do long stretches and sometimes I'm busy and don't deploy for hours  You wont always win, and nor will I  Try and get satisfaction form at least trying to win or putting up a good fight  About the limit on cubing  Please  I suggested that last year  Twice  Unfortunately multiscoping is allowed and so prevalent that it kind of ruins the idea  These are the facts: YOU and YOUR side threatened Faceless members who support London  One of the members threatened is actually London based  What do you expect him to do while his city is under attacked? A few of your members don't know when to keep quiet  They sent messages to us threatening specific players and telling them their zones will be dropped just because they have helped London  Basically if they help London then they get their zones wiped  And you have the cheek to call me a bully? We stood up to your members specifically because they were trying to bully  That is the reason we went strong months ago and took those big zones  How is this me bullying you? This is me answering your threats  I didn't attack those zones "just because i can", it's just because I should  Because of your threats  You can blame your members for the loss of those 2 or 3 big zones  These are the basics: You attack one of our zones  We look at the list of attackers and pick one of the players who deployed the most, find a zone of his or hers and attack it  We don't need to justify our attacks with "because there are Faceless players within 30 miles"  What, every time we attack a zone we need to send some letter explaining why? You attack us or we attack you, for any reason  That's the game  When some of you were cheating and you could not win you complained, when you cube and lose you complain, when you invite all of Europe to attack and win you still complain  I just think you like to make a fuss  Last words (for now): You think I attack zones as a means of getting attention? I get enough of it form your threads  The only attention seeker here is you with your victim attitude and pity us posts 
I've had some very angry emails today from a couple users who are upset their rival achieved the ability to switch factions freely having played for one of the factions for only 1 hour  I've been accused of doing favors, changing the rules, and various other backhanded deals  It appears it comes down reading the rules  You do not have to play for every faction for 60 days in order to earn free switching status  Here is a common scenario many players have used to achieve free switching status and avoiding playing for one faction they despise  1  Start with Swarm 2  Switch to Legion (earn Spy) play for 60 days 3  Switch back to Swarm (earn Double Agent) play for 60 days 4  Switch to Faceless (earn Mercenary) immediately switch back to Swarm or Legion Below is the complete text on the switch nanobots screen  It is the same text that has been there from Day 1 with the exception of the level 100 rules that went into place earlier this year, where you could switch as much as you want before level 100 , but those switches don't count towards the medals  This text has been part of this description since Jan 15, 2013  "Players that earn all three spy awards, may once again switch factions at any time as they could during the training levels 1 through 99 " Prior to Jan 15, the text said this  "Players that earn all three awards may be given the opportunity to switch factions more quickly in future updates (contact support for more information)" I pulled that right out of source control, which includes the entire change history  Here is the complete text from this page  http://portal qonqr    r/SwitchFaction WARNING: Defection has consequences! Self-destruct will be initiated on all your nanobots  Without the self-destruct, you would be required to battle against your former self to regain control of your zones  You will lose the capture and leadership of any zones you currently hold  Lifetime captures will be unaffected  If you are still completing the training levels and have not reached Level 100, you may switch as often as you like to find the faction that suits you best  Once you have reached Level 100 switching factions has rewards, but also has additional consequences beyond the self-destruct of all your nanobots  Defection will usually result in a demotion in rank  This is accomplished through awards with negative rank points  Those awards are: Spy - First switch to an opposing faction (-20 points) Double Agent - Return to a faction from which you had previously defected (-20 points) Mercenary - Become a member of all three factions (-20 points) Other Faction Change Details: You may not switch factions again until at least 60 days have passed since your last faction switch  Defection point penalties are applied only once per award Players that earn all three spy awards, may once again switch factions at any time as they could during the training levels 1 through 99  The decision to switch factions is one that must be made with strong determination  Nanobots cannot be reanimated once destroyed  You will retain your earned experience, level, formations, qredits, cubes, and upgrades  However, as far as your zones go, you will be starting over 
   has got to be one of the funniest moments I've seen in qonqr yet lol 
The **** change operation was a success!
As a relatively new player for faceless in a region dominated by swarm i can understand the OP  However, judging from the numbers i see here on a regular basis i think you are asking a bit much  My idea would be the opposite approach  Why not add a weapon with extremely short range, let's say like 5km that acts like a bomb and make it much stronk? That would add some serious home advantage  Or alternativley make attack formations lose power over range (exclude nanos and plasma)  Maybe something like that would allow newcomers to at least get a foothold in their homezones  It's just an idea, maybe i overlooked something?
This is by design  Some day it is possible (I said someday) we could offer skins for your scope  So we will need a uniform color scheme  You can tell the formation families based on the shape of the box  Trapezoid is attack, diamond is defense, and octagon is support  It will take some time to get comfortable with the change 
Geophysical based game  Anyways, probably not a bad idea but, considering the issues with the three platforms and the development of blue for those platforms, I doubt the resources are available for development on a new platform  Seen the blog? Its Qonqr meets wheel of fortune!
I am happy to announce that today I both completed the training and captured my first zone 
^THIS so now that qonqr has been thoroughly funded, can we have blue now? Or is that not happening still lol 
Atleast I am not legion and there for we can have this intelligent discussion rather than just compete over who has the best words XD ohhhhh someone bring the bill to legion cuz someone just served them extra double order of stir fried SNAPPPPPP If the devs wont make zone dueling for us I hope out there somewhere are those who would empty a zone and challenge one on one to a local battle  I'd like to see the transcript of deployments made / moves made as well that would be neat I think such events would be cool  I suppose if people give up on atlantis as it works now they can schedule their own tournements in empty atlantis zones   have a team clear the zone   put 1 vs 1 or teams vs teams   like fisticuffs challenges   find out what these warriors are really made of!
@Qonqrd everyone you know must face palm every time you make a post  Its embarrassing  Mega cubers or whatever you want to call them are not great for the opposing team surrounding them but are great for the game itself (money) and for the team they are part of  Multiscopers are not not great for the opposing team surrounding them and bring nothing to the game but are great for the team they are part of  Both have a negative impact on enemy teams/players but only one benefits the game itself  Both can make people want to quit out of frustration  And that's not great for the game  @OP unlimited refresh is over powered  Its frustrating to fight against a ridiculous amount of refreshes  Unfortunately i dont see anything changing unless this game gets a lot more people playing  More people might mean more money for the company from various sources  More money from various players might mean they can limit the players who spend a ton and still generate a healthy income  The main issue i see with limiting refreshes is someone multiscoping and spending money  He now has two, three, four accounts to refresh with and gets the advantage  Its tricky 
ey dun new ho to yet it uff 
Yet you complain almost everyday here, on your website, Twitter, and YouTube channel that the game needs to change because cubing has such an impact 
It was fun  Swarm had me scared at first, but it turned into kind of a bullying match between us and legion  Last hour became p obvious which way it was gonna go  Legion rly stepped up their game in the end there, respect 
We are investigating this  Here is what we know: Several of the accounts used the same password  Most of the accounts belonged to people who knew each other personally  The accounts were all switched from the same IP Addresses  The person who logged in, got into each account on the first attempt, so they knew the password for each account  What you should know: QONQR never stores passwords, not even in the logs  Passwords are hashed (one way encrypted) and can never be decrypted When you authenticate to our servers, we hash the password you gave us and compare it to the encrypted password in the database to see if they match  Access to our database in the could is restricted tightly and we are confident no one breached the system  What you should do: Don't use the same password as other people you play with  Don't share your password with anyone 
I heard all the French players fled to the UK after one German player accidentally shot a single missile into France 
Most factions now use GroupMe or Line as their means of communication, the forums are too slow as a means of communication and insecure for specific faction conversations  Think of the forums are more of a gaming information resource rather than a means of communication  Contact the top players of your faction in the leader boards of your state and they will likely point you in the right direction to chatting with your local faction  The developers are also building some sort of new chat system into the game, we don't know much about it but apparently beta testing for the chat will be happening very soon (next couple of weeks) according to their timelines 
A way to honor the dead? Nah, how bout a way to dishonor the dead 
Could just build it up and retain their capture  Remember Bizzy, staq to the heavens 
I just read this entire thread  I am now tuckered 
Does anyone know if Bot Booster has an effect on Seekers and how much dmg they do to attacking players? Also on the topic of seekers, does the amount of skeers in a battlefield have any effect on how much damage they do?
Interactive map of real-time zone captures 
You know that is something I didn't factor in there  Time  The player who can consistently and constantly launch wins against the guy who casually picks up the phone on occasion or has to work away from a cell phone for 8 hours  Good point  And yes I can't argue skill doesn't factor in, it just seems like less of a factor than other games is all 
I cant see why a closed forum, open only to registered Qonqr accounts, cant be used  **** spammers!
Gotta love synclock! I suspect linjin has a problem  Maybe the dvs should look into it 
No, Naamah   I clearly understood what you were trying to convey  I'll even go as far as to agree that what your facing now is, while fully allowed and deemed completely acceptable by the developers, unbalanced and wrong  However  the imbalance isn't in the game and isn't something that, from a business standpoint, is likely to be regulated  The game is fair  the advantages are provided to all players  It's the players themselves that throw the balance into chaos because, as you've said, not everyone can afford spending several thousand bucks a year in only one game  Truthfully, in my opinion, the moment you admitted to buying cubes yourself your complaint became silly  because I'm sure there's a player out there, who has bought NO cubes, who can make this same complaint about you that you are making about others here  I know these things because I've read them so   many   times in this forum  There was likely a time, ages ago when I was a young Massune, that I even posted a few myself  That was the purpose of my post  I was poking fun at addition of yet another cuber/bully/trash talk complaint on the forum  It wasn't directed at your personal plight so much as the idea that someone, yet again, finds it necessary to lobby for a spending cap on the only real way for this game to make money  As to your specific problem  you, like all those that have raised this topic before you, have few options to rectify the issue  Here are a few that seem to have worked for others  fight harder, recruit better, spend less time complaining and more time organizing, budget for more cubes or quit  I'd rather not see you opt for the latter  but to each their own 
I agree, we should find a way to honor the dead, but I don't think keeping their towers infinitely is necessarily the solution  The game must go on  I'm pretty sure the point of bot decay was to clear the game of inactive player bots so that new players can have a chance to rise up, not to dishonor the bots of dead players 
The following are frequently asked questions about the new server update (so far) It still says Training Complete on my iPhone  -	Download the update from iTunes It still says Training Complete on my Android  -	Sorry, Android will not be updated again until the QONQR Blue beta is released My XP per launch keeps going down -	This is XP throttling and is intended to limit the ability for people to leve1 from 1 to 100 in a single day through heavy cubing  The XP throttle was introduced with the original version of QONQR in 2012,and the throttle formula is the same for levels above 100  The throttle resets at midnight UTC every day  How do I buy the Bot Regeneration Accelerator? -	Currently the Bot Regen Accelerator can only be purchased through http://portal qonqr com  Go to the Depot and review your scope upgrades  The new QONQR Blue clients will allow for this purchase to be made in the app using your mobile billing  I don’t have a PayPal account -	For users interested in purchasing the Regen upgrade, but who do not have a PayPal account, PayPal does give you the option to checkout using your billing information without creating an account  PayPal is not allowed in my country, or I don’t have a credit or debit card -	Please contact support@QONQR com for alternate options Is Bot Regen Accelerator counted as part of the 100% scope upgrades? -	Yes, but there is a bug that does not increase scope upgrade percent when you purchase this upgrade, that will be fixed in the coming days  For all other questions, please read the 7 blog posts prior to 7/29/2015 for information on what was included in the update today 
Bye Fack, its been a pleasure being allied and against you 
The two big issues that are both killing the game slowly and keeping it from growing exponentially are cube injustice and new player ramp  The game obviously also needs to provide a consistent and growing revenue stream as well  I think Silver needs to rethink how revenue is generated if he is going to address cube injustice and new player ramp  For revenue generation I would suggest a model that doesn't give a significant combat advantages  Download and play for free from level 0-99 Pay small monthly fee to get full functionality or play for free at 50% of offensive/defensive funtionality Still buy cubes, but cubes are used for following: - Credit Boost: harvest more credits for a period of time - Range Extension: ability to use standard attack/defense formations at extended ranges - Base Share: get 100% credit attainment even in bases owned by another faction - Purchase additional ordinance - Zone Name Change - ability to customize zone names  "Breggland" - Faction Change with Bots - pay for the ability to keep up to 50% of your bots with faction change - Experience Boost: %increase in experienced gained while leveling - Other: anything that helps grow a player or provides enjoyment, but doesn't tip the battle capability of a scope  New Player Ramp/Integration into Game - Offer paid immediate ramp package: one price to become 100 with full upgrades - Like the changes in Blue - Create new zones in Metro areas that only 0-99 level can launch into, with statewide ranges Understand that catering to those who have money and like to use it for an advantage is a good business model and for those people it might be ok to offer very expensive options: - Shield generators: temporary energy shield that adds X% increase to defense or stops X% of damage - EMP's: turns Absorbs off for X minutes  Does not destroy, just turns off - Chain Lighting: Does damage across multiple players in a zone From a development standpoint I have no idea what is possible, easy or hard, but the general idea is to make the playing field more fair for the standard player while maintaining and growing a business revenue stream 
You need to come to the Northeast US  We handle our business like no other 
Context 3:  The original branch line connected Florence, Marion, Canada, Hillsboro, Lehigh, Canton, Galva, McPherson, Conway, Windom, Little River, Mitchell, Lyons, Chase, then connected with the original AT&SF main line at Ellinwood 

In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway extended its main line from Herington to Pratt   This main line connected Herington, Ramona, Tampa, Durham, Waldeck, Canton, Galva, McPherson, Groveland, Inman, Medora, Hutchinson, Whiteside, Partridge, Arlington,  Langdon, Turon, Preston, Natrona, Pratt   In 1888, this main line was extended to Liberal   Later, this line was extended to Tucumcari, New Mexico and Santa Rosa, New Mexico, where it made a connection with the Southern Pacific from El Paso, Texas   The Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway was absorbed by the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway  This line is also called the "Golden State Route" 

20th century
The National Old Trails Road, also known as the Ocean-to-Ocean Highway, was established in 1912, and was routed through Windom, Conway, McPherson 

Geography

According to the U S  Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0 3%) is water 

Adjacent counties
 Saline County (north)
 Dickinson County (northeast)
 Marion County (east)
 Harvey County (southeast)
 Reno County (southwest)
 Rice County (west)
 Ellsworth County (northwest)

Major highways
  Interstate 135
  U S  Route 56
  U S  Route 81
  K-4
  K-61
  K-153

Demographics

The McPherson Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of McPherson County 

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 29,554 people, 11,205 households, and 7,966 families residing in the county   The population density was 33 people per square mile (13/km2)   There were 11,830 housing units at an average density of 13 per square mile (5/km2)   The racial makeup of the county was 96 53% White, 0 81% Black or African American, 0 34% Native American, 0 32% Asian, 0 06% Pacific Islander, 0 79% from other races, and 1 16% from two or more races   1 94% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race  37 1% were of German, 12 9% Swedish, 12 1% American, 6 7% English and 6 3% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000 

There were 11,205 households, out of which 33 00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62 50% were married couples living together, 6 00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28 90% were non-families  25 50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11 80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 2 49 and the average family size was 2 99 

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25



ground_truth: Keep deploying and harvesting your bases to earn experience points and level up quickly.

prompt_front: Now, answer the following question based on the text below, only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: When was McPherson County established as a county?

Read the following text and answer briefly.

Context 3: 40% under the age of 18, 10 30% from 18 to 24, 25 20% from 25 to 44, 21 80% from 45 to 64, and 17 30% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 38 years  For every 100 females there were 95 90 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92 90 males 

The median income for a household in the county was $41,138, and the median income for a family was $48,243  Males had a median income of $33,530 versus $21,175 for females  The per capita income for the county was $18,921   About 4 20% of families and 6 60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5 20% of those under age 18 and 8 10% of those age 65 or over 

Government

Presidential elections
McPherson county is often carried by Republican candidates  The last time a Democratic candidate has carried this county was in 1964 by Lyndon B  Johnson 

Laws
Following amendment to the Kansas Constitution in 1986, the county remained a prohibition, or "dry", county until 1996, when voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with a 30 percent food sales requirement 

Education

Colleges
 McPherson College in McPherson
 Bethany College in Lindsborg
 Central Christian College in McPherson

Unified school districts
 Smoky Valley USD 400
 McPherson USD 418
 Canton-Galva USD 419
 Moundridge USD 423
 Inman USD 448

School district office in neighboring county
 Goessel USD 411
 Little River-Windom USD 444

Museums
 Birger Sandzén Memorial Gallery in Lindsborg
 McCormick-Deering Days Museum in Inman
 McPherson Museum in McPherson
 Lindsborg Old Mill & Swedish Heritage Museum in Lindsborg
 Kansas Motorcycle Museum in Marquette

Communities

Cities

 Canton
 Galva
 Inman
 Lindsborg
 Marquette
 McPherson (county seat) 
 Moundridge
 Windom

Unincorporated communities
† means a Census-Designated Place (CDP) by the United States Census Bureau 
 Conway
 Elyria†
 Groveland
 Johnstown
 New Gottland
 Roxbury†

Ghost towns
 Alta Mills
 Battle Hill
 Christian
 Doles Park
 Elivon
 King City
 Sweadal

Townships
McPherson County is divided into twenty-five townships   The cities of Lindsborg and McPherson are considered governmentally independent and are excluded from the census figures for the townships   In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size 

See also
 List of people from McPherson County, Kansas
 National Register of Historic Places listings in McPherson County, Kansas
 McPherson Valley Wetlands
 Maxwell Wildlife Refuge

References

Notes

Further reading

 Wheeler, Wayne Leland  "An Analysis of Social Change in a Swedish-Immigrant Community: The Case of Lindsborg, Kansas " (PhD dissertation, University of Missouri-Columbia; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1959  5905657) 

County
 Through the Years: A Pictorial History of McPherson County; McPherson Sentinel' Heritage House Publishing Co; 1992 
 McPherson County First Courthouse Built About 1869 or 1870; Lindsborg News-Record; March 30, 1959 
 Pioneer Life and Lore of McPherson County, Kansas; Edna Nyquist; Democratic-Opinion Press; 1932 
 A History of the Church of the Brethren in Kansas (includes McPherson College history); Elmer LeRoy Craik; McPherson Daily; Republican Press; 397 pages; 1922 
 Portrait and Biographical Record of Dickinson, Saline, McPherson, and Marion Counties, Kansas; Chapman Bros; 614 pages; 1893 
 Standard Atlas of McPherson County, Kansas; Geo  A  Ogle & Co; 82 pages; 1921 
 Plat Book of McPherson County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 50 pages; 1903 
 Edwards' Atlas of McPherson County, Kansas; John P  Edwards; 51 pages; 1884 

Trails
 The Story of the Marking of the Santa Fe Trail by the Daughters of the American Revolution in Kansas and the State of Kansas; Almira Cordry; Crane Co; 164 pages; 1915  (Download 4MB PDF eBook)
 The National Old Trails Road To Southern California, Part 1 (LA to KC); Automobile Club Of Southern California; 64 pages; 1916  (Download 6 8MB PDF eBook)

Mennonite Settlements
 Impact of Mennonite settlement on the cultural landscape of Kansas; Brenda Martin; Kansas State University; 1985/1988  
 Mennonite settlement : the relationship between the physical and cultural environment; Susan Movle; University of Utah; 1975/1886 
 Status of Mennonite women in Kansas in their church and home relationships; Eva Harshbarger; Bluffton College; 1925/1945 

External links

County
 
 McPherson County - Directory of Public Officials
Historical
 , from Hatteberg's People'' on KAKE TV news
Maps
 McPherson County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
Kansas counties
1867 establishments in Kansas
Populated places established in 1867



ground_truth: McPherson County was established as a county in 1867.