prompt_front: Now, answer the following question based on the text below, only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What is the purpose of the baseline in the layout procedure?

Read the following text and answer briefly.

Context 1: Probably one of the most frustrating things about building experimental aircraft, especially when starting with a minimum of pre-fabricated parts, is to start building and ending up with an unexpected result  Every builder starts a new project by wanting it to go "perfectly " So when things aren't going well, especially at the beginning, the frustration can lead to an unfinished airplane 
This is the first article in a series dedicated to helping builders of the Rand Robinson KR series planes build a straight and true fuselage -- the first part of the construction process  Borrowing from modern boatbuliding techniques, focus will be on the KR-2S, but the principles apply to the entire lineup of KR-1 & KR-2 series planes 
While building the KR-2(s) a common surprise is encountered by builders when the completed fuselage sides are laid into position to form the fuselage box section  With many hours spent building the sides flat, finding the once straight longerons that now bow up from the building surface, form a most dissatisfying "banana" shape  Especially when using the preformed fiberglass parts, this curve in the top longeron is not acceptable  The builder is left wondering what went wrong and no amount of clamping or brute force forming will solve the problem to any degree of satisfaction  The problem is not the builder's fault  The solution starts by understanding the three dimensional relationship of the assembled parts being built 
First understand that the plans show the finished form of the plane  They show the "projected" form as you would expect to see it if viewing an actual plane from the top, ends and from the side  Since the sides are sloped (flared) outward, looking from the side, the distances given by measuring the profile drawing are "foreshortened" and don't give the proper shape for building the fuselage with a flat top longeron  What needs to be done is to "develop" the "true" distances and shape of the flat panel so that when it is curved into position, the longerons lay flat 
Second, understand that the dimensions called for in the plans put a twist in the sides that tends to work the panel in two directions of curvature  This twist makes the panel "undevelopable" meaning that that shape cannot be unrolled into an equivalent flat shape  This is important when laying out the side and bottom panels onto flat plywood  To illustrate this, try forming a piece of paper around a soda can  The paper can be formed flat around the can either straight or at a diagonal to it's length  It has only one direction of curvature and is by definition "developable"  Now try to form the same piece of paper around a baseball  It won't lie flat on the surface without some deformation (folding, wrinkling or tearing) of the paper  The ball has curvature in more that one direction and is a "compounded" shape  Paper (or plywood) can only be readily formed in developable shapes as opposed to aluminum or other metal which can accept in plane deformation  A developable surface is needed to lay out a curved surface when the materials used can't be deformed with any degree of in-plane strain 
Initially, the fuselage sides are laid out flat with reference to the top longeron measured to a straight chalk line  The bowing problem starts when the side panels are bent and sloped to form the fuselage box section  If the sides were not sloped (tumbled home), the section formed would be cylindrical and the longerons would lie flat  Since the sides are tumbled home, the section formed is now conical  When a conical shape is cut with a plane (building surface) not perpendicular to it's axis, the shape formed is elliptical -- exactly what happens with the top longeron  When it's built flat, bent to form a cylindrical section, and sloped to form a conical section, it takes on an elliptical shape firewall to tailstock 
This method borrows heavily from proven techniques used in the marine trades  It should be stressed at this point that although the layout procedure is not complicated, it is important to take your time  If the layout is not going well initially, start over! Better to erase layout errors now than to have them built it and cause surprises later 
Layout to ensure a fair and true fuselage starts by drawing a reference line (baseline) on the building surface  Refer to figures 2 & 3 and use a wire guide to draw a very straight baseline  About 500 lbs  Of tension should be adequate  One could use a chalk line, but we're talking airplanes here, not house framing 
The main layout difference is that the baseline isn't used as a reference for the top longeron  The baseline references the mid point of the firewall for the developed (and true dimensioned) side panel  Although the baseline will still be the reference, the top and bottom longerons will be laid separately 
Layout differences don't end there  Each of the stations (vertical members) will be laid out with a calculated separation so that when the panels are formed into position, they land on the spacing called for in the plans  Another major difference is that the bottom & side panels are applied after forming the fuselage box section  This is mainly to obtain the ability to "fair" the side and bottom surfaces and insure a straight and true shape 
Refer to figure 1 for the layout of the new developed side panel  The firewall (station a) is layed out perpendicular to the baseline  Longitudinal (station) measurements are given along the length of the baseline from the firewall  Vertical dimensions are given to reference the angle and breadths of the station at the baseline 
Notice that the top longeron is bowed outward and that the stations are spaced slightly greater than called out in the plans  When the panels are formed into the box frame section ,they will work into the dimensions specified in the plans 
Strike a centerline, longer than is needed on the building surface using a wire guide  Draw off the firewall line perpendicular to the centerline at one end 
Using the distances listed in the balloons, mark them off on the centerline  Distances are measured to the nearest sixteenth of an inch  Take time to mark them off carefully  Don't mark off the distances in a cumulative fashion  Use the firewall as a common reference 
Using the angles listed at each station, mark off a station line longer than is needed  The angles are measured to the nearest hundredth of a degree  Take time to mark them off carefully 
At each station, start by marking off each short (bottom longeron) line distance from the centerline  Use your set of trammels or beam compass for doing this  Mark the intersection of the short line with the station line 
At each station, mark off each long (top longeron) line distance from the intersection of the short line distance and the station line  Again the trammels or beam compass is best for completing this step  Mark the intersection of the long line distance with the station line 
Using the longeron as a batten, trace out the inside and outside curves of the longeron  After the batten is secure, in between each station, fasten a keeper block inside and outside to preserve the shape of the longeron taking care to avoid potential future interference with the diagonal members to be installed later  The fairing blocks can be removed or left in place if they won't interfere with building  The vertical station members and their diagonals can now be measured and positioned  Remember to refer to the plans for the material thickness direction 
After vertical and diagonal members are cut and fitted, take time to draw their outlines on the building surface to cut down on time and confusion when laying out the opposite side 
Finishing the side panel is accomplished in a manner similar to that called for in the handbook with the exception that the side and bottom skin panels will be attached later 
The next article in the series will discuss jigging and building techniques to ensure alignment and straightness of the flat built side panels  Also covered will be building a "strongback" jig to assure alignment of the side panels when they are formed into their final shape 
Part 3 in the series will cover assembly of the side panels using the jigs  Some joint details will be discussed that will ensure a stronger and more fair fuselage assembly  Also covered will be the layout & attachment of the side and bottom ply skins 
U S  Mail: Densmore Associates, inc 
ANSI "D" size, computer generated plots of all the layout drawings in this series are available from the author for $30 plus postage & handling  Full (true size) scale plots may be made available depending on demand 
"Scarfing" is the practice of splicing plywood so that short pieces of plywood can be used to span long distances  On the KR, it is required on both the fuselage skins and spar webs  The angle of the splice should be 10 to 12 degrees to maintain strength across the joint  Also, joints should coincide with structural members, such as spar webs or fuselage truss members 
This scarfer is made by mating a regular plunge router (this one costs about $50) to a table saw  Obviously, you really only need a table saw to cut the chamfer, but it does make a nice heavy table for scarfing  You could just as easily use a large work table as the base First, set the table saw for a 5 5 degree cut (for a 1:12 joint, or 6 5 degree cut for a 10:1 joint), and run a 1 x 6 through on edge to chamfer a corner on the board  Then drill the board for three router mounting holes (two are countersunk) and connect the assembly to the table saw with two 1/4 inch bolts  Use a long (2-3 inch) straight cutting bit to do the cutting  Adjust the bit so it doesn't interfere with your table top, and go to town  Keep pressure on the plywood to ensure contact with the table while you're scarfing  Make sure you feed your material from the same end as you would if you were sawing, or the router will take your plywood away from you and put a big dent in your garage door 
In the late 60's Ken Rand and Stuart Robinson were working as flight system engineers for Douglas Avionics  Ken was working as an electrical engineer, having previously worked for Sperry as an autopilots project engineer, while Stu's degree was in aeronautical engineering from Northrop University  They were two of the guys at the end of the DC-8,9, and 10 assembly lines responsible for correcting some of the nits and picks in various systems before delivery to the customer 
They both wanted to build a fast, inexpensive airplane which was also economical to maintain  Several designs were considered, and plans were bought first for the Jeanie's Teenie and then the Taylor Monoplane  The Monoplane was more to their liking, but would require some modification to fit their needs  A cooperative redesign effort ensued, with virtually no dimensions left untouched  Only the basic fuselage structure, airfoil, and powerplant were retained  The tail shape was Stu's, and came directly from the big DC-8s parked on the ramp outside his office window  The landing gear was designed by Ken, after seeing the gear on a Dewey Bird at Santa Paula airport 
Ken was killed in his KR2 a short time later while flying over Cajon Pass in what was apparently a bad weather / low fuel accident  Ken's wife Jeanette became owner of RR overnight, and stepped up to keep the plans and parts coming  Much of the engineering needs are handled by Bill Marcy of Denver, who's been helping out since early '79 
To date, almost 6000 KR1, 9200 KR2, and 760 KR2S plan sets have been sold  1200 KR2s are estimated to be flying, with 5 KR2Ss now in the air  Much of the development work done on KR's is now done by the builders themselves  KR builders tend to be innovative, which leads to some interesting modifications  Some of the mods that work eventually creep into the plans  The KR2S is a case in point  Many builders who'd heard of the pitch sensitivity and tight cabin of the KR2 began to build an enlarged version, with the length determined by the most commonly available longeron material  The result is a KR2 that is stretched 2" between firewall and main spar, and 14" behind the main spar  Higher gross weights dictated more wing area, with the new standard becoming the Diehl wing skin  Those who plan to carry passengers commonly stretch the cabin width a few inches, although 1 5 inches is the limit if you still want to use RR's premolded parts 
Mike Stearns addresses the KR Forum crowd 
This year's KR Forum featured guest speakers Mike Stearns, Steve Trentman, and Bill Marcey  Mike Stearns spoke on several topics, including the many sources for KR and homebuilding information available on the Internet  He also mentioned KRNet, the list server devoted entirely to KR aircraft, as well as several notable World Wide Web home pages  He also brought a sample of the new Rand Robinson wing skins with him, and discussed their high temperature core prepreg construction  His KR2S will receive the first set, which is currently being installed at Hinson Composites 
Steve Trentman spoke on his turbine installation  It uses a turbine engine which saw duty as an A7 attack jet starter engine  Total weight is about 85 pounds, while putting out around 90 horsepower  There is a small stockpile of these engines available from government surplus  sources  This engine can only be throttled back to 52% power, which leads to some pretty interesting landings  One inflight failure has been logged so far, with very little damage to the aircraft  More on this exciting development in next month's issue of KROnline 
Les Palmer's KR2 N202LP won Best KR2, Best Engine Installation, and People's Choice awards at the 1995 KR Gathering at Columbia, TN  After researching the KR series, and reading Neil Bingham's "A Critical Analysis of the KR2" (Jan 88 Sport Aviation), Les decided to build his as a single seater, stretched 24" in the tail, while maintaining a stock width firewall  His fuselage is made from Douglas fir, which weighs in at 4 lbs heavier than if constructed from spruce  It is skinned with 1/8" birch plywood  Spars are covered with plywoood on both fore and aft sides, ala KR2S  Diehl wing skins provide the lift  Horizontal stabilizer and elevator were stretched 7" longer on each side, while the vertical stabilizer and rudder were stretched 8" taller    The fuselage to cowling junction was made more graceful by adding 1 5 inches to the height of the firewall end of the fuselage sides 
Les's canopy is a Dragonfly, using a four linkage system to swing forward when opening  The canopy frame fits snugly into a recess in the foward deck, providing an excellent wind and water seal  The fiberglass work is exemplary 
Seating is luxurious for one 
The cowling is also a work of art, and uses NACA ducts for efficiency  Female molds were made for all the fiberglass parts on Les's plane, so he could proabably be persuaded to make more, if demand dictates  Les also machines a multitude of KR aluminum and steel parts which he now offers for sale 
The firewall was reinforced with aluminum brackets and angles bolted between the longerons in anticipation of the 200 lb Subaru EA-81 engine installation  His 100 HP Asian version is outfitted with an American Holley 5200 caburetor and manifold  It uses a PSRU of Les's own design, featuring two spur gears with a 1 69:1 reduction ratio and a toothed belt  Other than tapping the crank for larger bolts to mount the redrive, no other engine modifications were required  Also, this is probably the only air conditioned KR2 on the planet  The prop is a 60/63 Hegy 
Originally built as a taildragger, the fixed gear is made from 4130 steel tubing  Custom cast 6 00x6 aluminum wheels and steel rotors are mated with 6" Cleveland calipers for braking  An early taxi test accident damaged the main gear, and prompted Les to change to tricycle gear  Again, he designed his own fiberglass main gear, and uses a Diehl nose wheel fork with a 4130 strut and 6" wheel up front 
Early tests revealed cooling problems, which prompted a radiator move from the firewall to a lower cowling location 
The first flight was almost a disaster, as test pilot Randy Smith lost power right after takeoff  He managed a 180 with a safe downwind landing with only minor nosewheel pant damage  The culprit proved to be a spark plug with too much reach, which was quickly remedied  Subsequent flights have shown water temp to be about 210 degrees, oil temp is 220-230, and airspeed is about 180 mph 
Shopping for the Partially Built KR 
This story starts about twenty years ago when I first started looking at the KR-2 as the plane I'd like to build  The only problem at that time was a lack of money, lack of knowledge, and a lack of job stability  I liked the design, except for the low ground clearance of the retractable gear and that a KR was going to be a tight fit for me to fly 
Over the past twenty years I've owned a number of planes, but still always wanted to build my own  I needed one that would fit me, my budget requirements, and have the speed and performance that I wanted  When "KITPLANES" published the article featuring Roy Marsh's new KR-2S, it was the first I had heard of any major modifications or improvements to the same old KR design  I believe that article and Roy Marsh's workmanship have probably been the greatest boon to Rand Robinson (RR) in the last twenty years  It certainly caught my eye! Here was the same design I had decided I wanted to build twenty years ago, with all of the improvements I wanted  It was sitting on fixed gear with some reasonable ground clearance  It had the capability to be built large enough to accommodate me  It has enough prefab parts available that it didn't have to be 100% scratch built if I decided to hurry the project along  And it had the speed I wanted  I knew that Roy's published speeds were probably not realistic expectations for the average KR, but after knocking around for the last three years in my Champ, anything over 90 mph seems pretty fast to me 
After purchasing the info kit and the sales video from Rand Robinson, the next step after deciding for sure to build this plane was to order the KR-2 plans and the KR-2S addendum  I finally got my plans and was putting together my first order to start the plane, when my partner in the Champ pointed out that there was a partially completed KR-2S for sale in Trade-a-plane  My initial answer was "No, I don't even want to look at it  I want to build my own from scratch " My partner insisted that for the advertised price and the fact that it wasn't too far away, I ought to at least give the guy a call and investigate it  "No, I don't think I want to buy someone else's problems," I persisted  That night I went home and crunched up some numbers on the calculator and finally came to the conclusion that for the sake of my budget for the next several years, I really should give this guy a call 
Three days later, I flew to his place about 400 miles away to take a look at his project  At this point I should probably mention that I consider myself to be fairly knowledgeable about airplane construction, although the vast majority of my experience is with tube and fabric  The rest of this article deals with what I looked for and more importantly what I missed and have had to repair in the last year since I purchased the project 
When we went to the seller's house, I found that the left wing was built using the Dan Diehl wing skins and the right wing skins were leaning against the wall inside the house  Also the canopy was in the house with the canopy covered with paper and tape  I wanted to inspect the fuselage first, so off we went to the shop 
There I found a fuselage sitting on it's gear painted in primer gray  The first step was to inspect the quality of workmanship of what could be seen as it sat  The interior of the fuselage looked as if it had been built with a great deal of care  The fit and finish of all of the interior wood was very nice  Even the gussets looked like they had been painstakingly perfectly fitted  The glass work on the turtle back also looked very precise and clean  It was evenly faired into the vertical and horizontal stabs  The tail also appeared to be well built with the exception of a depression directly over the front and rear spars in the horizontal stabs  He explained that when he moved recently, that he had shot the plane with gray primer to protect it from the weather since he wouldn't have ready access to a shop to put it in right away  It ended up sitting out in the hot south Texas summer sun for a few weeks before he got a shop rented to work in  That caused the glass (or possibly the foam inside the horizontal stab) to swell, except that it held onto the spar, so it was slightly ballooned in front of and behind the spars  His recommendation was to fill it back smooth with micro 
I also found a small linear crack in the lower left wing spar cap on the left wing stub  It appeared to be from over tightening the rear spar wing attach fitting bolts  His explanation was that the crack wasn't important because the rear spars only job is to keep the wings from folding back  I also noticed that the holes for attaching the outer wing to the wing stub were badly rounded out on the rear spar  He explained that the Diehl wing skins require the rear spar to be swept slightly more forward than the stock wings  This won't allow you to use the rear spar attach fittings from RR and that I would need to fabricate a new set of rear spar attach fittings 
I also found that the aileron bellcranks were not built or installed as per plans, but found that they looked professional  I couldn't check for function since the right bellcrank and sheeve wasn't installed, the left wing also wasn't installed, and the right wing didn't exist yet 
Next we pulled the inspection panels off of the fuselage and tail and looked at everything I could see with a good flashlight  I didn't find anything else that might be questionable about the fuselage except for a cracked elevator trim tab that was damaged when it fell off it's hanging place on the wall 
Next we spent some time going over his builders log and builders photo album  I still hadn't seen anything that would dissuade me from buying this project 
At this point it was starting to get late and my ride down needed to get airborne for the flight home  I needed to make a decision about whether I wanted this project or not, but I hadn't inspected the wings and canopy yet  I took a cursory look at the left wing and saw lots on micro built up on it and some bubbles in the leading edge, but nothing that looked seriously wrong to my amateur eye  The right wing was only a set of spars in the shop and the Diehl wing skins in the house, so there wasn't much to look at there  The canopy was wrapped in paper and tape, so there wasn't much to look at there either  I decided that even if there were serious problems in the wing that was built, I would be money ahead to go ahead and buy the project  For the advertised price, I could build a new set of wings and still be way ahead financially  We negotiated a final price, shook hands, took my ride to the airport, and started off in search of a U-haul to haul the project home 
Now, at this point, some of you are thinking about what I surely must have forgotten to inspect and why didn't I take a local A & P or EAA member along for the ride  First of all, I don't know any mechanics locally that have any experience with glass and our EAA chapter of which I am VP is woefully lacking in fiberglass knowledge  Secondly, as you will see, I missed plenty  Some by ignorance, some by just not looking close enough 
Now for a list of the problems that I found over the last year and a few of the fixes that I came up with 
I found that the lower set of rear spar attach fittings on the left rear spar were installed backwards with the longer spaced hole towards the fuselage  Since this is the same place that also had the cracked spar cap, it required a major change  Also in the same area he had drilled through the rear spar with a hole saw to create a place for the aileron cable to pass through and managed to cut out the second from the outside vertical brace in the spar  Then he chose to install the aileron bellcranks in front of the rear spar, and cut another hole through the rear spar for the aileron push rod  He also managed to cut out the outside vertical brace in the spar  Since the holes were already drilled through the spar, the choices were to either cut out that section of spar cap and scarf a new piece in, cut the whole rear spar carrythrough out of the fuselage including ruining the left lower wing skin, or do something else creative to reinforce the spar cap and install a custom built set of attach fittings 
I also found that after I built and installed the right side wing stub ribs and skin that the aileron bellcrank setup would not work as installed  The cable that crosses between the two bellcranks had a sharp uphill from the sheeve to the bellcrank in the last 12 inches on either side  This combined with the radius that the bellcranks turn caused the cross cable to pull up tight when the ailerons were pushed to either end of their travel, but allowed the cables to go very slack when the ailerons were centered  Also the Aileron pushrods needed to pass directly through the lower set of rear wing attach fittings to attach to the aileron  This whole rear spar and aileron bellcrank setup was going to either have to be redesigned or cut out and built to plans  The bottom line is that the problems I observed when I inspected this part were much more serious than expected when I had to fix it 
I decided that I had to remove the rear fittings from the left wing to be replaced with the new set that my neighborhood machinist was cutting out for me  When I put the wing on the work bench to start removing the rear fittings, I thought I had better take a closer look at the bubbles in the leading edge  I found that as I pushed on the leading edge, it delaminated between the glass lay-up on top and the upper and lower wing skin edges that were floxed together underneath  I concluded that that area had to come apart and took a belt sander to the leading edge  What I found was that the leading edge had been floxed together and glassed over, but the mold release had never been scrubbed off the leading edge of the wing  It peeled apart for rebuild quite easily 
When I got back to removing the rear spar attach fittings, I noticed that the woodwork inside the wing looked awfully dull  The reason was that the wing had been closed up without varnishing any of the woodwork  This was rectified with a small hole saw, a number of extensions and a modified undercoating sprayer 
I also found that the aluminum drain fitting in the bottom of the left wing tank had been glassed into place upside down  The tapered pipe threads were tapered the wrong way to install the draincock into the tank  Retapping the fitting the right direction seemed to be a good fix for that problem 
When I finally got around to attaching the wing to the fuselage, I found that the front spar attach fittings were badly misaligned  Although they could be forced into alignment, I didn't think I needed that kind of preload on the main spar fittings  This problem was fixed by calling on my local neighborhood machinist to build me an aligning fixture and reaming the attach holes to the next larger size and ordering the new sized bolts 
On the fuselage I found that although it had new Cleveland wheels and brakes on it, one of the brakes had a severe wobble to it  I must complement the manufacturers for taking care of that problem  One call to the Cleveland factory and they shipped me a new set of wheels and brakes even though the receipt for this set was over four years old and in the original builders name  Their only concern was that this set had never been placed in service yet 
I chose to sand the load of micro off the left wing to see what it was covering  When I got down to the glass, I found that there was no glass for the aft inch and a half of the underside of the wing in front of the aileron hinge  With the Diehl wing skins, you build the wings, then cut the ailerons out of trailing edge of the wing  He had mismeasured and cut too much material off the bottom side of the trailing edge in front of the aileron  It was filled by floxing a piece of spruce into the gap to fill the space between the back edge of the fiberglass and the aileron mount  I chose to wrap the trailing edge of that wing, and the other wing to match with a couple of lay-ups of glass 
When I sanded the primer off the aforementioned damaged trim tab, I found that the hinge was floxed to the leading edge of the foam insides of the tab, but not the glass  I also chose to wrap the front of the trim tab with a lay-up of glass 
I decided to pull the paper off the canopy and take a look at it before I'm ready to bolt it on and fly  The original builder had blown his own canopy and after some of the previous problems, I was beginning to have some concerns about not having looked it over closely enough  The canopy turned out to have been blow a little too large  It ended up with a little larger bubble for headroom, which I didn't object to  However, it had more headroom on the right side than the left  Yes, it was just a little bit lopsided  The main problem was that the canopy is stretched thin enough that it can be easily pushed in with one hand when the weather is warm   My fear was that this is just thin enough that it may decide to lay on my head or in my lap when flying on a warm day  It will have to be replaced 
I'm sure that many that are reading this could see several of the potential problems before I mentioned them, but some others may not have and I'm sure that there could have been many other problems that didn't but could have existed on this project  This is also not intended to be critical of the gentleman that started this project as many parts of it, especially the wood work are better than I could have done and much of his work is outstanding  I prefer to think that I'll end up with a better plane with his woodwork combined with my glasswork  This article is intended to feature some of the problems that you may run into in buying someone else's project 
The final question is, knowing what I have found over the past year, would I have still purchased this project  The answer is yes, but primarily because the price was right in that I am still money and work ahead of where I would be if I had started the project from scratch  There are a few things that I would have done differently, but nothing that I can't live with  Although I won't be able to say that I built it all from scratch, I have built and rebuild enough of the plane that I should have no problem qualifying under the 51% rule 
You can send comments directly to the author via e-mail at "jscott@LANL GOV" 
Here is an brief explanation of how I built my turtledecks  The jig was constructed from scrap plywood and a few 1x4s that I ripped into stringers  I made two temporary bulkheads from the plywood, one for each end  Remember the forward bulkhead needs to be shaped in a way that will closely match the aft end of your canopy frame  Make an aft bulkhead by placing a straight edge at the top of your forward bulkhead and the trailing edge of your horizontal stabilizer  This will give you an idea of how tall your aft bulkhead needs to be  As far as location, I placed my aft bulkhead just forward of the lower/front of my vertical fin  I constructed the jig on the fuselage, it is glued together with automotive bondo 
After the bulkheads were bondoed to the fuselage I used the stringers that I ripped from the 1x4s and bondoed them to the bulkheads  This gave me a male form to cover with thin plastic or posterboard  I stapled two layers of posterboard to the jig(thin plastic would work better)  The posterboard wraps down two inches onto the fuselage  After I was satisfied with the way it looked, I then covered the entire thing with duct tape (fiberglass will not stick to duct tape) On top of this I wetout one layer of tri-ply cloth (22oz) that I had left over from an earlier project, and one layer of 8oz  bid  Remember to mask off your fuselage so you don't get epoxy on it  If you are not familiar with composite lay-ups, you should plan on razor cutting your lay-ups 4 to 6 hours after wetout while the lay-up is still soft enough to cut with a razorblade 
After the lay-up cured (2 or 3 days) it was removed from the jig, and the jig was removed from the fuselage and discarded  (be careful, the bondo sticks very well to the spruce, you could splinter your wood during removal) I now have a fiberglass skin that tends to hold the shape of the jig but is still flexible enough to work with  I made two bulkheads out of 1/4 last-a-foam (AS&S) using the plywood formers from the jig as a guide  I covered these foam bulkheads with one 8oz layer of glass on each side, with a glass to glass edge on the bottom  After cure these bulkheads were bondoed into place (to the fuselage)and the fiberglass skin was pulled down tight and floxed to the bulkheads  When the flox cured the bondo joints were broken, again being careful not to harm the wood  The turtledeck was removed from the fuselage and 2 inch tapes added to the bulkheads inside and out 
At this point the turtledeck looked great and only weighed about 5lbs  but I noticed you could deform the skin by pushing hard on the outside  So I flipped the turtledeck over and from 1/4 inch last-a-foam, I cut two inch wide strips that would run the entire length, forward and aft inside the turtledeck  In effect these would act as composite stringers, I made enough of these two inch wide strips to make up three stringers  One down the center (sort of a backbone) and one on each side of the "backbone" half the distance to the edge of the turtledeck  I sanded the edge of the foam so that when covered with a layer of bid @ 45degrees there would be a nice transition from the turtledeck skin up onto the foam and then back onto the turtledeck I scuff sanded and glued the foam stringers in with micro  I covered the foam stringers with one layer of 8oz bid @ 45degrees 
You can also send me email at: mikemims@pacbell net if you have any questions or want to share your ideas 
KROnline is an online KR Newsletter devoted to sharing KR information with other builders and pilots in a timely manner  The first issue (September 96) is now available as a zipped MicroSoft Word file at http://members aol com/bshadr or as an html document at kronline9 html  If you'd like to submit articles or photos, email Randy Stein at BSHADR@aol com ------------------------------------------------------------ Don't bother to email Randy though  KROnline has been retired since the KR Newsletter has improved 
Context 2: The 1951 Ohio State Buckeyes baseball team represented the Ohio State University in the 1951 NCAA baseball season  The head coach was Marty Karow, serving his 1st year 

The Buckeyes lost in the College World Series, defeated by the Texas A&M Aggies 

Roster

Schedule 

! style="" | Regular Season
|- valign="top" 

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 1 || March 16 || at  || Unknown • San Antonio, Texas || 15–3 || 1–0 || 0–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 2 || March 17 || at B
Context 3: Hey folks! Here is the shiny new Changelog thread  We're including the archived patch notes from the old forums, so that they are preserved for anyone that would like to reference back to them  We will continue to update this thread with new notes as the patches are released 
Chat is now accessible from the quest board, upgrade screen, and many other menus 
Tapping on objects and menus may reveal helpful hints about that object 
Team PI is now colored red if lower than recommended for the quest 
Many text fixes and consistency improvements 
• A new Basic Catalyst found in Special Events is used in every recipe!
Several heroes have received improvements to their base stats 
The abilities of all Champions have increased in effectiveness 
A new Critical Boost buff has been introduced 
Iron Fist and Spiderman now have the ability to Armor Break with their Critical Hits 
Deadpool’s ability to Regenerate is more powerful, but only triggers once per fight 
Scarlet Witch now has a chance to trigger Nullify off of any Critical Hit 
Juggernaut and Rhino now have a layer of Armor 
Punisher and Winter Solider now may also trigger Fury in addition to Bleed 
Colossus now further increases his base Armor with the Armor Up ability 
Thor and Ronan no longer Armor Break; instead, base stats and Stun durations have improved 
We reduced the effectiveness of the Revive items in order to give away more as rewards 
A bonus of 50% for using ISO-8 matching your Champion’s Class can now be previewed on the Upgrade screen 
It’s now possible sell Champions in exchange for ISO-8 and Gold  The amount received increases proportionately to the Rank and Level of the sold Champion 
-You can now skip dialogue on the quest map by pressing ‘SKIP’ 
-Added a ‘Quit’ button directly on the quest interface 
-The Back button on the Top Bar now returns the player to the Home screen 
-Various game balance and cosmetic improvements to the available quests 
• PVP energy has been replaced with Hero Stamina  Each Hero has their own Stamina values, meaning the more Heroes you have the more you can play in PVP 
• Each Hero has 1 Stamina and takes 2 hours to recharge 
We have removed the Next Quest button for a much more favorable and flavorful approach to teaching and informing people about Marvel : Contest of Champions  In the Main Menu(Bottom Right Corner) you will now see an image of the Collector showing you what the best or recommended actions that you should preform  This can be anything from opening Crystals, Continuing a Quest, Ranking Up Champions if the difficulty is too hard, Tips where to obtain items, and Playing Versus/Arenas 
• Adjusted the PI calculation for Power Burn and Power Drain abilities to improve accuracy 
• Significantly increased the Power Burn multiplier as well as the amount of Power burned  Prior to this change, Vision's Special Attack damage output was far below the curve  Vision's Special Damage is distinct from other heroes in that the dependency on opponents' Power levels cause the damage dealt to be highly variable, and sometimes quite low; however, when striking an opponent with high Power levels, Vision has the potential to deal very high amounts of direct, Armor-ignoring damage 
• Slightly adjusted the Armor Break trigger to be less punishing to opponents with the Armor Up ability without sacrificing PI or damage output 
• Slightly increased his base Health and, in turn, the amount of Health recovered by Regeneration  This improvement is reflected by an increase to PI of about 1% 
• Slightly reduced the damage from Bleeding, but slightly increased the amount of Power drained by E M P  Arrow to compensate  This added utility strengthens the choice between whether to offensively Bleed the enemy or defensively drain their Power  These changes may modify PI by +/-1% 
• Slightly reduced the frequency of Nullify for basic attacks, but slightly increased the chance a Special Attack is critical  Chaotic Bombardment no longer has a chance to critical, and instead has a 100% chance to Nullify the target  This is less punishing to opponents with beneficial effects, while providing a more reliable source of Nullify  Overall, her PI has decreased by about 2% 
• Decreased base Health and Attack by 2% each to bring his PI in line with other Champions without compromising Special Attack effectiveness 
• Slightly increased base Health by 2% to bring his PI in line with other Champions  This change may result in a PI increase of up to 1% 
• Fixed a bug with her Bleed ability scaling incorrectly  This has no effect on PI 
• User's on iPhone 4 devices will no longer encounter a progression blocker after fighting Iron Man in the tutorial 
• Fixed an issue where player's Hero would disappear after using a special move 
• Fixed an issue where very rarely a character would lose all functionality when dashing 
• Added additional Network support to better diagnose disconnects  The game should resolve and recover much more gracefully than in previous updates 
• Adjusted some of the touch sensitivity while fighting  Heroes moves should feel more responsive  This is something that is going to be an ongoing process  Please let us know how you think it feels 
• Fixed various issues with Chat 
• We have updated Open GL versions/drivers for iOS devices that support Open GL 3 0 
• User's will no longer receive delayed Game Center notifications  This caused some weirdness to occur while opening Crystals in the Crystal Vault 
• The Crystal Vault has received another polish pass and should now feel much more responsive, thank you for all your feedback on this feature!
• Many more minor bug fixes were included in this update 
• Special Attack 1 base damage increased by +25% Attack Rating 
• Heavy Attack base Power gained reduced to 63 points 
We recently improved the functionality of Heavy Attacks, so they’re easier to use  Their base Power has been reduced to normal levels – previously, they generated Power at a higher rate to compensate for their difficult execution  Special Attacks have been adjusted to give the unlucky recipients more of a fighting chance  These changes bring these attacks in line with existing damage-to-power ratios 
*NOTE: Special Attacks only generate Power for the target struck, not for the user; this prevents infinite loops and helps serve as a comeback mechanic 
Versus Crystal prizes have been adjusted due to the Champion Stamina changes 
Arena Crystal prizes have been increased to help balance the adjustments to the Versus Crystal 
Payouts have significantly increased when receiving a duplicate Champion with a Star rating of two or more  The boosted amount increases based on Star rating  We apologize for any inconvenience caused by delivering each reward individually, and are working to get a fix to you as soon as possible  In the meantime, using the “Skip” button avoids the inconvenience 
• We fixed a bug where finding a new match could cost a player Units 
• Spending Units to find a new opponent will now return opponents with lower ratings 
• Chapters 3 and 4 of Act 2 Story Quests are now available  A mysterious opponent awaits you at the end of Act 2!
*NOTE: This caused some players' progress to reset for a brief time, but that issue should now be corrected 
• Event Quest difficulty has been adjusted to match Catalyst availability 
• Rank-Up Recipes have been adjusted to be more accessible across all ranks 
• Bosses for the Monday through Saturday Daily Events now have a small chance to drop a Class Catalyst  This is in addition to the drop chance from Chests 
• Ambush Rates have been adjusted on all Event Quests 
• Increased Catalyst drops for the Collector Free-For-All Event Quest 
• Alpha Catalysts now have a chance to drop from Chests in Medium and Hard difficulties of The Collector Free-For-All event 
• The unobtainable chest in Act 1, Chapter 1, Quest 6 has been removed from the Battlerealm 
Increased the amount of Gold awarded by the Arena Crystal 
Slightly reduced the cost to level-up a 3-Star Champion at Rank 1 to cleanly align with ISO-8 chunk values 
Fixed a bug with Billion-Dollar Punch not triggering Armor Break 
• Duplicate 2-Star, 3-Star, and 4-Star Champions now awaken a brand new ability unique to that Champion in addition to the rare ISO8 they currently give  Duplicates thereafter continue to level-up this ability to make it stronger  When a Champion is awakened, their Stars turn bright and glow, making them easy to identify (and look pretty cool too)  These new abilities can be quite powerful, so please fight responsibly!
• Various other improvements, including rank and level information for opponents, find match options in team select, and animation tuning 
• There is now a chance to encounter the elusive Treasure Adaptoid, who divulges his hoard of ISO8 and Gold to those able to defeat him in battle 
• Class Relationships can be viewed by tapping “Enemy Classes” before entering a quest, and preview the number of enemies in that quest for each class type 
• You can also now see rewards for completion and exploration on the Edit Team screen 
• Opponents are more aware of the distance between you and them, improving their interaction with knockback effects, such as that from Heavy Attacks 
Mutant Champions are now effective against Skill Champions 
• The high Special Attack damage and regenerative abilities of Mutant Champions are effective against Skill Champions, which typically rely on Bleed damage from their weaponry  We think of this relationship as if the X-Gene grants Mutant Champions superpowers that evolved to be stronger than Champions that are merely “Skilled” 
Skill Champions are now effective against Science Champions 
• While scientists fiddle in their cute little laboratories to create flasks full of serums to turn even frail young men into super-soldiers, Skill Champions were just born that way baby  Often donning sharp weaponry to make their opponents Bleed, Skill Champions enjoy watching the high base attributes of Science Champions just melt away 
Cosmic Champions are now effective against Tech Champions 
• Tech Champions construct durable robots and thick suits of Armor to outlast their opponents in battles of tank-the-nuke   which gives Cosmic Champions extra time to build up stacks of beneficial effects to overrun Tech Champions using their peculiar alien enhancements 
• Tech Champions are still effective against Mutant Champions 
Tech Champions typically excel at Armor, Resistance, and Power manipulation, which is effective against the high Special Attack damage of Mutant Champions  Think of the robotic Sentinels adapting for tactical advantages in the war against Mutantkind!
Science Champions are still effective against Mystic Champions 
• Science Champions – a Class of behemoths like Hulk and super-soldiers like Captain America – typically have above average base attributes like Health, Attack, and Armor  These raw stats cannot be affected by pesky Mystics and their removal abilities: Nullify and Purge 
Mystic Champions are still effective against Cosmic Champions 
• Cosmic Champions explore strange new beneficial effects to seek out new power and new abilities, to boldly take their attributes where no class has gone before  Well, not if Mystic Champions – who are fully capable of stripping Cosmic Champions of their beneficial effects – have anything to say about it! Maybe it’s the Mystic Agenda to protect the secrets of the universe?
These changes ensure that having a Class Bonus always gives you the advantage it promises, as it now also reflects ability trends for a particular Class  Please keep in mind that these are generalizations, and some Champions abilities may not always strictly align with these relationships  Learn more about Champions’ abilities by viewing their profiles and tapping on features for detailed information 
• When you attack someone, you charge up their Power in addition to yours  This meant they would reach a full three bars while you only reached one and a half  We've reduced the amount defenders receive such that you'll be at two bars when they're at three  This change maintains the underdog functionality to give defenders a chance to comeback while being less punishing to players earning high Combos



ground_truth: The baseline is used as a reference for the mid point of the firewall for the developed side panel.

prompt_front: Now, answer the following question based on the text below, only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What was the Buckeyes' record in their first game of the season?

Read the following text and answer briefly.

Context 2:  A  M  C  || Unknown • San Antonio, Texas || 7–8 || 1–1 || 0–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 3 || March 19 || at  || Clark Field • Austin, Texas || 0–8 || 1–2 || 0–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 4 || March 20 || at Texas || Clark Field • Austin, Texas || 3–4 || 1–3 || 0–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 5 || March 21 || at  || Unknown • Houston, Texas || 14–6 || 2–3 || 0–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 6 || March 22 || at Rice || Unknown • Houston, Texas || 2–3 || 2–4 || 0–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 7 || March 23 || at  || Unknown • Fort Worth, Texas || 4–2 || 3–4 || 0–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 8 || March 24 || at TCU || Unknown • Fort Worth, Texas || 7–3 || 4–4 || 0–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 9 || March 24 || at  || Unknown • St  Louis, Missouri || 10–4 || 5–4 || 0–0
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 10 || April 6 ||  || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 2–0 || 6–4 || 0–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 11 || April 7 ||  || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 15–1 || 7–4 || 0–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 12 || April 14 ||  || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 0–1 || 7–5 || 0–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 13 || April 20 ||  || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 10–9 || 8–5 || 1–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 14 || April 21 || Minnesota || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 7–0 || 9–5 || 2–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 15 || April 24 || at  || Unknown • Oxford, Ohio || 3–4 || 9–6 || 2–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 16 || April 27 || at  || Hyames Field • Kalamazoo, Michigan || 2–3 || 9–7 || 2–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 17 || April 28 || at Western Michigan || Hyames Field • Kalamazoo, Michigan || 5–7 || 9–8 || 2–0
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 18 || May 1 || at  || Unknown • Athens, Ohio || 7–6 || 10–8 || 2–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 19 || May 4 ||  || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 12–6 || 11–8 || 3–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 20 || May 5 || Purdue || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 14–4 || 12–8 || 4–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 21 || May 8 ||  || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 6–8 || 12–9 || 4–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 22 || May 9 || at Dayton || Unknown • Dayton, Ohio || 11–2 || 13–9 || 4–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 23 || May 12 ||  || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 6–5 || 14–9 || 5–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 24 || May 12 || Indiana || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 5–2 || 15–9 || 6–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 25 || May 15 || Ohio || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 6–0 || 16–9 || 6–0
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 26 || May 18 || at  || Northwestern Park • Evanston, Illinois || 1–3 || 16–10 || 6–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 27 || May 19 || at Northwestern || Northwestern Park • Evanston, Illinois || 10–3 || 17–10 || 7–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 28 || May 22 || at Cincinnati || Carson Field • Cincinnati, Ohio || 8–4 || 18–10 || 7–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 29 || May 25 ||  || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 4–1 || 19–10 || 8–1
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 30 || May 25 || Michigan || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 3–6 || 19–11 || 8–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 31 || May 30 || Miami (OH) || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 3–4 || 19–12 || 8–2
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 32 || June 1 || at  || Old College Field • East Lansing, Michigan || 8–0 || 20–12 || 9–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 33 || June 2 || at Michigan State || Old College Field • East Lansing, Michigan || 9–8 || 21–12 || 10–2
|-

|-
|-
! style="" | Postseason
|- valign="top"

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 34 || June 8 || Western Michigan || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 1–0 || 22–12 || 10–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 35 || June 8 || Western Michigan || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 2–4 || 22–13 || 10–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ccffcc"
| 36 || June 9 || Western Michigan || Varsity Diamond • Columbus, Ohio || 3–2 || 23–13 || 10–2
|-

|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 37 || June 13 || Oklahoma || Omaha Municipal Stadium • Omaha, Nebraska || 8–9 || 23–14 || 10–2
|- align="center" bgcolor="#ffcccc"
| 38 || June 13 || Texas A&M || Omaha Municipal Stadium • Omaha, Nebraska || 2–3 || 23–15 || 10–2
|-

Awards and honors 
Dick Hauck
 First Team All-Big Ten

Stewart Hein
 First Team All-Big Ten

References 

Ohio State Buckeyes baseball seasons
Ohio State Buckeyes baseball
Big Ten Conference baseball champion seasons
Ohio State
College World Series seasons
Context 3: 
New damage types for attacks now play a larger role in the abilities of Champions  For example, some heroes power-up by successfully blocking magical damage, while others’ abilities may harm anyone that makes physical contact with them 
New Resistances and Immunities have found their way to the Battlerealm  Some heroes are completely immune to specific status effects based on either lore from the comics or logic  For example, the android Vision has no blood, and is therefore fully immune to Bleed conditions  We’ve also strengthened the effectiveness of certain status effects, so be careful who you choose to bring into battle! Could you guess who might be immune to the new “Poison” condition?
• Poison: Inflicts damage over time and reduces healing and regeneration effectiveness 
• Unstoppable: A buff to shrug off the impact from attacks, but still take the damage 
• Weakness: A debuff that reduces Attack attributes 
• Heal Block: Fully prevents the target from gaining health in any way 
• Power Lock: Seals the target, preventing them from gaining any Power 
• When fighting, you may notice that many status effects are now able to stack  This also changes how certain beneficial “buffs” and detrimental “debuffs” interact with one another  For example, it's now possible to have both Armor Up and Armor Break effects on you simultaneously  Let the tug-o-war begin, and may the strongest effects win!
• Black Bolt's Corkscrew: +25% damage, but at the cost of minor recoil damage 
• Punisher's “Wrath” has been replaced by "Payback"  Payback deals additional damage based on the total damage dealt to Frank 
• Colossus' “Unbreakable” now deal bonus damage based on his armor level at the time of activation 
• All of Black Panther’s special attacks now deal bonus damage based on the number of Bleeds on the target 
• Spider-Man’s Web-Slinger now has a chance to inflict Weakness 
• Vision’s Physical Disruption: Added a minor Power Burn effect due to “his” use of his Infrared Beam  “He” also now purges all status effects while phasing through the ground 
• Scarlet Witch: Increased the Critical Hit Chance for Hex Bolt and Hex Sphere 
• Many knockback effects have been adjusted to improve consistency 
We’ve tested the Signature Abilities quite extensively before releasing them, but there have been a few abilities that we have been keeping an eye on  We’ve compared our notes with the feedback you’ve been sending us and are making some balance changes to them  Thanks for your feedback!
Slightly reduced the frequency and duration of Juggernaut’s “Unstoppable” ability 
• He was indeed a bit too   unstoppable  We’ve toned down the frequency this ability triggers, as well as reduced the duration it’s active for when it does trigger  We feel Juggernaut is still a powerful Champion despite these revisions  Take care!
Slightly reduced the starting values of Wolverine's “Cellular Regeneration” 
• We found that Cellular Regeneration was too strong at lower levels where fewer counters to Regeneration exist 
Re-scaled Gamora's “Assassination” to start higher but scale slower 
• At lower levels, Special Attacks were used too infrequently, giving this powerful ability little visibility  We’ve adjusted the scaling to better match Special Attack usage at all levels 
Increased the frequency that Black Bolt’s “Provocation” triggers 
• Due to the varying Critical Hit rates across all Champions, in some cases Provocation would trigger rarely or not at all within a fight  We’ve increased the frequency to ensure you’ll see it every match – but especially so against opponents with high Critical Hit rates 
We’ll continue to follow the effect of these new abilities on gameplay  Please keep your feedback coming!
Hey everyone! We have been hard at work on improving the game and have prepared a big update inspired in part by your great community feedback  Please keep letting us know what you think!
• Fixed many Dash, Medium, Heavy and Special Attacks missing or failing to execute 
• Added Alliances and a new Alliance Crystal 
• Rocket Raccoon and Unstoppable Colossus join The Contest 
• Temporary Boosts to Attack, Health, and XP are now available from the Alliance Crystal 
• Rewards for completing and exploring Chapters and Acts  Earn a guaranteed 3-Star hero crystal for each fully explored Act! This is retroactive, just complete any quest to claim them 
• A new Fight Menu combines The Arenas, Story Quests and Event Quest menus 
• Updated Summoner Profiles with new information  Inspect other players’ Profiles and brag about your achievements!
• A list of blocked users has been added to Chat windows  The option to unblock these users is found in this new menu  The power is in your hands now!
• We fixed Dash and Medium Attack issues for many heroes that sometimes missed or did not activate 
• We fixed issues to Drax and Colossus Light and Medium Attacks where they would not connect 
• Fixed an issue where the camera would stop moving after a level 3 special sequence 
• Fixed an issue where the player’s heavy attack would get stuck in charge even after the player has released input 
• Fixed a rare bug where Champions were still able to deal damage after they died, resulting in tied fights 
Form Alliances with your Friends!
What is better than playing? Playing with your friends! Create a new Alliance or join an existing one through the new Alliance Menu 
• Invite other players to your Alliance 
• Search for an Alliance by name or join a Recommended Alliance 
• Receive rewards for entering your first Alliance 
• Alliance News Feed  The news feed celebrates your Alliance member’s achievements 
• Alliance Chat  Chat with other members of your Alliance in a private channel all to yourself 
• Help Allies  Players can ask for help when out of Energy or Stamina  Alliance members help each other as much as they can to earn Loyalty Points  Loyalty points have a daily limit to how many can be earned 
• Alliance Crystal  Access a new Alliance Crystal while part of any Alliance  Use new Loyalty Points for purchasing Alliance Crystals 
He may start out slow, but watch out for his immense power at high ranks!
• Adjusted the range of many Heavy Attacks, including Hulk and Drax, to ensure they correctly connect with enemies 
• Many Special Attacks, including those for Wolverine, Iron Fist, Winter Soldier, Punisher, Black Panther, and many others have had their range adjusted to ensure they correctly connect with enemies even if activated immediately after a combo that knocked the enemy back 
• Payback and Unbreakable now display their maximum potential damage bonus 
• Added detailed descriptions for Bleed Immunity and Poison Immunity 
• Gamora: We’ve adjusted the scaling of her base Special Attack damage to ensure they scale up more similarly to other heroes  This also makes Gamora more reliant on her high Bleed damage, and improves the chances of opponents able to deal with her high Bleed 
Vital Strike and Jade Assassin damage decreased by 10% 
Godslayer damage increased by 10% 
• Magik: Rewind is a game-changer for Magik that allows her to go up against foes like Gamora and Rewind off big Critical Hits and Bleed damage; however, the frequency of Rewind triggering was too low to be there when she needed it 
Increased the likelihood Rewind triggers by +20% at all levels 
Rewind now heals over one second instead of instantly 
Fixed a bug allowing Magik to break out of an enemy combo using Rewind  It now only removes Status Effects 
• Hulk: Given the riskiness of losing Health in certain game modes, Hulk’s anger-management provided too little help too late in the game  We’ve increased the Attack boost to ensure he’s appropriately scary in all game modes – as long as he’s angry!
Increased Hulk Rage by +20% Attack at all ability levels 
Arc Overload no longer causes Armor Break when it expires 
• Vision: Added Poison Immunity to our robot friend 
Arena tuning is an ongoing process  The team is continually making adjustments to Arenas to improve the experience 
Ultron has infected The Contest!
Many new Champions join the battle against Ultron 
Quest through the new Ultron’s Assault Event 
Wield new power with Summoner Masteries 
Grow your Friend’s List with the new Social Hub 
Team up with your Alliance in new Events, Arenas, and more!
Filter and sort your Stash 
Fights have been optimized for performance improvements on all devices 
Users can now filter through the items in their Stash 
Fixed several issues where Hero Rating would fluctuate 
Fixed a bug with Rhino and Juggernaut having 11-20% more Armor than intended 
Fixed a bug with Rocket Raccoon’s Dash attack being slower than intended 
Added a confirmation popup when spending Units on stamina recharges and unlocking arenas 
Regeneration no longer displays green Health values if you’re at full Health 
Several new improvements to how status effects are displayed 
AI opponents are no longer able to perform one unavoidable attack in response to a Special Attack 3 
A new and improved look for all Health Potions in the Battlerealm 
All Revive Potions now revive your Champions with +10% more Health 
We’re adding so many new Champions, they could form their own Alliance!
Some of your favourite heroes of the Marvel Cinematic Universe join The Contest!
Summoner Mastery is on the horizon!
Masteries provide beneficial effects for your Champions 
Access Masteries through your Summoner Profile 
Earn Mastery Points when you level up 
Choose your Masteries wisely and strategically customize your benefits 
Recover your points to try a new specialization as often as you’d like 
Keep an eye on in-game messaging for more information 
The daily loyalty limit has been set to refresh at 08:00UTC for all players 
A timer has been added to show when the daily loyalty limit resets 
Loyalty balance is now displayed in the Alliance menus 
Ask for Versus help with a single tap on the ‘Help’ icon in Team Select 
New Alliance Events are coming very soon!
Work together with your Alliance to complete objectives and receive rewards!
Muster your might, Alliance Arenas will soon open their gates!
Competing in Alliance Arenas shares your points across your whole Alliance; work together to reach milestones and top ranks!
Work together to amass a huge score, and defeat your competition in classic Arena combat! No slackers here either - if you don’t contribute to win the competition, you’re not eligible for the goods!
All social features (Chat, Mail, and Friends) can now be accessed through the new Social Hub 
Search for and add friends, and send private messages to Summoners on your Friends List 
Redesigned chat and mail screens 
Take on other Summoners’ top Champions for bragging rights and prizes in 1-on-1 Duels!
A new series of special Ultron quests are available, starting with the first Chapter  Fight back against Ultron’s infection alongside the Summoner, and team up with some of Marvel’s finest! New quests unlock each week!
The Spider-Man Champion gate has been removed from Act 1, Chapter 1, Quest 5 
• Fixed an issue where chat snapped to the most recent message 
• Fixed several issues where Hero Rating would fluctuate 
• Various improvements to the Summoner Mastery screens and descriptions 
• Increased the ISO8 awarded by duplicate 2-Star Champions 
Quest through the new single-player campaign, Ant-Man’s Adventure!
In addition to Ant-Man and Yellowjacket feuding throughout the Battlerealm, additional new Champions will be joining The Contest!
Access more Masteries in the new Utility Mastery tree!
Please note, these changes may result in a loss of Hero Rating as incorrect effects are restored back to normal levels 
Improved and polished combat mechanics to reduce the amount of stutters and lost input 
Fixed and optimized rendering related issues with Metal enabled devices



ground_truth: They won their first game with a score of 15-3.

prompt_front: Now, answer the following question based on the text below, only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: How can players skip dialogue on the quest map?

Read the following text and answer briefly.

Context 3: 
Team up with Ant-Man, and put a stop to Yellowjacket’s mysterious mission!
All Alliance Quests only last for a specified amount of time, defeat the boss with your Alliance before it expires!
New Prestige System - A dynamic difficulty and score setting that adjusts as you and your Alliance succeed in harder quests  The better you do and the tougher your Alliance is, the higher the prestige  The higher the prestige, the better the rewards!
Choose your teams carefully as Champions within Alliance Quests cannot be used in other Story or Event Quests 
Act 4 has been released! Play Chapter 1 now!
Summoner level maximum has been increased to level 60!
5-Star Champions are coΩming to The Contest! These are the most powerful Champions yet!
Additional improvements have been made to the UI, Versus Arenas, Synergy Bonuses, the Stash & Items Store 
Act 4 - Chapter 1 released!
New challenges - more path variation and features to challenge the strongest Summoners!
Greater challenge means greater rewards! Earn 4 Star Crystals and Mastery Points!
The Summoner Level cap has been increased by ten levels to level 60!
Champion Items will be coming soon! These allow you to apply items and buffs to a specific Champion, keep an eye out for updates on these new Champion Items!
Synergy Bonuses have updated iconography and the calculation has been updated to a distinct, additive bonus - What you see is what you get!
Alliance class distribution is now displayed on team select - Choose the right class!
Your Catalysts now have their own inventory, and will no longer appear in the Upgrade Item inventory 
The Stash is now separated into three tabs: Catalysts, Rewards and ISO, allowing you to sort and view your Stash much faster!
The UI flow for both Quests and Arenas have been greatly improved  You can now skip through fight victory and reward animations!
Here is the rundown of patch 5 1 0, filled with various bug fixes and optimizations  The important ones to note are below 
New Champions, new theme, and a new arena!
To celebrate our one year anniversary AND the holidays, we’ll be running a special event quest! Battle through the history of The Contest, and test your mettle against familiar faces both old and new!
A special reward will be available to those who master every quest!
Our Anniversary Celebration will be happening very soon; stay tuned for more info!
More Act 4 quests are coming very soon!
Opponents in Story Quests now have the ability to use their Special 3 attack! Note that we are not changing previous quest opponents to have this special attack (Act 1-3, Proving Grounds, Realm of Legends will not change); this will be in effect starting with the soon-to-be-released Act 4 content 
As with our previous major build releases (3 0’s Ultron, 4 0’s Ant Man, and 5 0’s Battlerealm), the Contest has been reskinned with a new theme!
The Road to Knowhere map is here! Fight in a new level inspired by Guardians of the Galaxy!
A new button in your Alliance Chat to take you directly to Alliance Quests!
You can now collect Catalyst Fragments in Event Quests, Proving Grounds, and Alliance Quests; these can be pieced together into a Catalyst!
Selling Items is now a thing! Sell any items in your inventory for gold!
Level 3 and Level 4 Health Potions have arrived! These are powerful instruments to help you tackle all the new Act 4 content!
Over 400 bugs were fixed in this patch!
This patch is a fix for the missing Champions during the Special 3 animation on Android devices 
This issue occurred during our upload process to the Google Play Store  This was an odd edge case scenario that we could not have caught during our internal tests, as it began appearing once we uploaded to the Google Play Store  This hotfix will be out by tomorrow, and will put Android at version 6 0 1  As this issue does not occur on iOS devices, iOS will remain at version 6 0 
3:30pm PST: We have started slow-rolling this patch out to Android devices, beginning with about 20% of users  We expect this to be available for 100% of users within the next 24 hours 
We have a few new Champions that you will see within the next couple of months (including one of my personal favorites)!
Over 200 total bugs squashed in this patch!
An artifact left over from the early days of the contest was Black Panther’s ability to gain a Critical Hit Rate boost during Special 3 attacks  As many might know, Critical Hits aren’t possible during a Special 3 anymore, making this effect   unhelpful  We’ve switched it out with a new ability to stack up even more Bleed effects on the opponent based on how many Bleeds are already active 
Example: The opponent has 4 stacks (instances) of Bleed on them when you launch a Special 3  With this new ability, you have a chance to add an additional 0 - 4 more stacks (instances) of Bleed 
Previously, a bug existed that allowed champions with Evade to continue to dodge Black Widow’s attacks, even if her Signature Ability was maxed out  This issue has been fixed 
Captain America WW2 has started to become outpaced by his non-WW2 counterpart and while we want the two to feel different and each have their own specific uses, we also want to ensure they are kept within range of each other in terms of balance  To accomplish this, we’ve given WW2 Cap the ability to Stun with his Special 1 and Special 3 attacks, but kept his Bleed on Special 2 the same, giving him options during combat against non-bleeding champions 
A bug that prevented Daredevil from triggering Armor Breaks from Heavy Attacks has been fixed and is now working as intended 
Against non-bleeding champions: Critical Hits have a chance to Armor Break on Special Attacks 
Increase range of Signature to 25% from 20% 
Many players found Elektra’s signature ability lacked enough opportunities to use it  To remedy this, we’ve increased the range from 20% to 25%  Additionally, to help make Elektra unique from other skill champions, we’ve given her the ability to deal with naturally Bleed Immune champions  Note: This Armor Break only applies to champions naturally immune to bleed, such as Colossus and Ultron, and not to champions granted Bleed Immunity from Local or Link Nodes 
Guillotine’s Bleed effect used to have a chance to activate from any given attack, meaning that it had to be kept quite weak to compensate for the frequency of triggers  We’ve made the switch to have her Bleed behave closer to existing champions, and in doing so have boosted the strength of the Bleed and have allowed it to stack 
Norman Osborn overloads the Arc Reactor in his chest if Health drops below 10%, granting a large burst of power, with (18% - 48% ) Armor, Regeneration, and Power Gain  After that, his suit burns out and cannot trigger Armor Up, Armor Break or Stun and loses all base Armor 
Many players didn’t like Iron Patriot’s old signature ability, feeling that due to the lack of Regeneration, it was considerably weaker than Iron Man’s  While we agreed, we didn’t want to just copy and paste his signature ability, but rather give him his own unique twist on the ability  This “all or nothing version” feels more like Norman Osborn, pushing his suit to the limit to get a larger boost but at the cost of damaging the suit  The addition of Power Gain allows Iron Patriot a large attack before the suit burns out, if timed correctly 
Heavy Attacks: 90% chance to Stagger the enemy for 8 seconds  A Staggered enemy cannot gain their next beneficial effect 
All versions of Juggernaut, even those who haven’t been awakened, now gain the 2 second Unstoppable ability at the start of the fight when they hit Rank 2 
We wanted to add some new functionality to Juggernaut, while also keeping him true to his Mystic class assignment  To accomplish this, we added this “buff smasher” effect which keeps an opponent from gaining their next beneficial effect  Additionally, we wanted to make non-awakened versions of Juggernaut more fun to play, without adding more power to the awakened variations  As a result, we gave all versions of Juggernaut the ability to become Unstoppable at the start of the fight 
While many players liked the new functionality of Star-Lord’s Element Gun effect, they found it to be a little too random, specifically when it would Heal Block a champion incapable of Healing  We’ve now added in some contingencies that will make Heal Block appear less unless the opposing champion shows that he / she can Heal during the fight  This includes both activated healing effects, such as Wolverine or Ultron’s Heal, or passive healing effects gained from Masteries, such as Salve or Willpower 
It’s been a bit weird that Bucky wasn’t friends with his most famous friend  Well, he is now  This affects 3 Star and above versions 
We’ve increased the overall speed of this attack, allowing quick players to use this ability after a four or five hit combo 
It seems the Marvel’s have gotten tired of their beams being dodged so easily and have decided to angle it a little better, increasing the overall range of the attack and making it harder to dodge away from  We’ve also increased the speed of both special attacks to allow them to better flow into combat 
In order to allow this attack to better flow in combat, we’ve shaved off a few frames from the beginning, allowing players to chain this attack into 4 and 5 hit combos 
Alliance Wars have arrived! It’s Alliance versus Alliance in a war for Battlerealm supremacy!
Enter the NEW Loyalty Store to buy Alliance Potions, Mastery items, or other EXCLUSIVE items 
Gain Power back from Special Attacks, enhance or defend against Special Attacks, OR gain a temporary Arena Point Boosts with hoards of new Summoner Boost items!
Additional changes and improvements are listed below 
This patch will be released February 24th 
A new area of the Battlerealm has been opened! Compete with your Alliance-mates for pride, glory, and PRIZES!
Matchmake to find a rival Alliance, then combine strategy and teamwork to dominate them 
Setup the ultimate defensive team to fortify your Battlerealm, then take your offensive team on the assault!
Watch your War Rating skyrocket as your Alliance works together to defeat rivals!
Load up on Crystal Shards, Loyalty, and brand new exclusive rewards!
Note that this will be slow-rolled to Alliances in phases, similar to the introduction of Alliance Quests (to ensure server stability and gather your feedback on the new mode)  Expect tuning changes throughout these phases, as well as into Season 1 
Use Loyalty instead of Units to obtain items for Alliance Quests & Wars!
Items will rotate daily, similar to how the Mastery cores in the current Store change 
Store contents will be randomly chosen from a pool of categories/items; a select few items will be persistent and always be available for purchase 
A 5-Star version of Unstoppable Colossus will be available in the Loyalty Store (keep in mind, this is an expensive Champion due to his exclusivity; this will require winning quite a few Alliance Wars and saving up!) 
This is accessible from the “Store” section of the pop-down menu, and will be available at a later date after the initial 7 0 launch; there will be advance notice through forums and in-game before we release the Loyalty Store 
New Summoner Boosts have arrived in the Loyalty Store; NEW Boost types, purchasable with Loyalty Points 
Class specific Boosts, such as Mystic Champions restoring power after using Special Attacks 2 and 3, or Skill Champions boosting their Special Attack Damage 
Defensive Boosts, where your Champions take reduced incoming Special 3 Attack Damage 
Gain a temporary Arena Point boost with new Arena Boost items!
Fixed an issue where, after Parrying certain Champion’s Special Attacks, your Champion would be stuck in a blocking state until the Special Attack finished 
Fixed an issue where 90s Cyclops’ Armor Breaks would not remove Armor Ups 
Fixed an issue with Scarlet Witch’s Signature Ability proc rate (previously, the % chance displayed did not match in-game functionality; this is now fixed) 
(Netflix) Daredevil’s Heavy Attack now has a chance to apply 2 stacks of Armor Break, instead of the previous 1 stack 
When spending Battlechips to enter an Arena (such as the Tier 4 Basic or Alpha Catalyst Arena), there is now a confirmation popup 
The Alliance Crystal now has a purchase limit that resets daily 
Permanently increased the Alliance Crystal’s points in Summoner Advancement (from 30 to 300) 
Updates to Champion Special Attack animations, flow, and timing 
7 0 1 will be released within the next few days 
A celebration message is sent to the War Room when an Alliance War battlegroup is cleared 
Players can now tap directly on another node icon while the tile info popup is open (previously, the popup had to be closed before selecting another node) 
Alliance’s reward tier position is now highlighted in the Alliance War tier breakdown 
In Attack Phase, players can view the score breakdown for both the battlegroup and overall 
The “Place Your Defenders” text now disappears much faster after tapping on the screen 
Mail messages now display the date they were sent 
It should be much harder to accidentally tap the Units Store when closing a screen 
Players can tap to skip the point animation in Versus mode again 
Resolved an issue with Class Masteries (specifically Mystic Dispersion) not functioning 
The Juggernaut issue with his linked nodes not appearing in Act 4, Chapter 3, Quest 3 (4 3 3) has been fixed 
Fixed a crash that occurs when a player who is not in an Alliance enters Alliance Wars through an outside link 
Fixed a text issue where Alliance War specific descriptions would appear on the Alliance Quest “Select a Battlegroup” screen 
Resolved ~20 various rare crashes and additional minor issues in different game modes 
Fixed and optimized performance on the new Samsung S7 
Fixed an Unknown Error that occurred rarely after a device was woken after going to sleep 
Improved Performance(Frames Per Second) tracking per fight to help diagnose hitches/pauses/lag spikes during gameplay 
Improved gesture tracking(Swipe, Tap, Hold) during low performance moments in combat 
Fixed a rare crash that would sometimes occur when receiving a phone call while in combat 
Tuned and updated many Champion Special Attack animations to improve timing and combat flow  Please see the expanded forum post HERE for a full list 
Fixed She-Hulk’s Special Attacks being marked as a projectile (allowing Daredevil to evade them) 
Fixed an issue where the player would be stuck in place after parrying Captain America’s Special 1 
Fixed an issue where chaining 2 medium attacks into Old Man Logan’s Special 2 would cause the first 2 strikes to miss opponents 
Fixed an issue with Daredevil or Spider-man missing with a dash attack if Vision charges a heavy attack during the dash 
Fixed an issue where some hidden information in Alliance Wars was visible 
Fixed a display issue where Defender Placement percentage was not displaying all placed Alliance members 
Resolved minor issue with the total Alliance’s score being displayed on the War Progress widget (now only displays the score of the battlegroup being viewed) 
Multiple minor Alliance War issues have also been fixed in this patch 
Fixed a display issue where Shard amounts provided by defeating a boss displayed as double 
Fixed a display issue where opponent PI values would display differently between the map, prefight screen, and in combat 
Boss power is now correctly displayed after removing Global and Linked boosts 
Fixed an issue where a player in Alliance Quests would lose input ability on the quest board after sleeping the device 
Fixed an issue where a player enters Alliance Quests and gets stuck after viewing the linked node or buff node tutorial 
Fixed an issue where sending an Alliance invite to a player would cause the “Add Friend” button to become greyed out 
Fixed a text issue that appears when viewing Featured Hero information from the Home Screen 
Join The Iron or fight for The Blue with new events, quests, Champions, and special Shards; inspired by Marvel’s Captain America: Civil War!
Solo Events: constantly-evolving events that vary in length, requirements, and prizes!
Compare statistics against other players and Alliances with the new Leaderboards!




ground_truth: Players can skip dialogue on the quest map by pressing the 'SKIP' button.