prompt_front: Now, answer the following question based on the text below, only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What are the restrictions on the use of Broadjam's servers?

Read the following text and answer briefly.

Context 1: We want to make sure you completely understand what using Broadjam is all about  So please email us at info@broadjam com if anything is unclear 
THIS AGREEMENT IS A CONTRACT 
IT CONTAINS IMPORTANT INFORMATION REGARDING YOUR LEGAL RIGHTS, REMEDIES AND OBLIGATIONS, INCLUDING VARIOUS LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS 
PLEASE READ THIS AGREEMENT CAREFULLY, AND PRINT IT, BEFORE CLICKING "I ACCEPT"
SIGNING UP FOR A BROADJAM ACCOUNT MEANS YOU ACCEPT THIS AGREEMENT AND UNDERSTAND THAT IT WILL BIND YOU LEGALLY  BROWSING THE SITE WITHOUT AN ACCOUNT ALSO BINDS YOU TO APPLICABLE PROVISIONS OF THIS AGREEMENT 
You acknowledge that you have read, understand and agree to be bound by this Agreement  If you do not agree with any provision of this Agreement, do not use the Site or any Service 
As between you (whether you are an individual representing yourself, or acting as the representative for a group, band, business entity or association) and Broadjam, Inc , (referred to as "we," "us" or "Broadjam"), this Agreement contains the terms and conditions that govern your use of the website found at www broadjam com, any and all of its mobile version(s) and/or applications, any of its sub-domains (collectively, the "Site"), as well as any authorized activity made available by us to Users (each a "Service" and collectively, the "Services")  Unless otherwise indicated, the term "Site" shall include the Services and Site Content (as defined herein), and the term "Services" includes Mobile Services  Some particularized Services may be subject to additional terms and conditions set forth in separate agreements  Broadjam is a Delaware corporation with its principal place of business at PO Box 930556 Verona, WI 53593  You and Broadjam may be referred to collectively herein as the "Parties" and individually as a "Party "
1 04 Policies; Materials; Intellectual Property 
1 05 Co-Branding, Framing, Metatags and Linking 
1 07 Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) Policy 
1 12 Copyright and Trademark Notices 
1 14 Special Admonitions for International Use 
1 16 Links or Pointers to Other Sites 
1 18 Modifications to Agreement and Services 
1 20 Acceptance of Electronic Contract 
2 02 Term and Service Benefits 
2 03 Accuracy and Posting of Information and Materials 
2 06 Modifications to Subscriber's Account 
3 03 Hosting Subscriber's Representations, Warranties and Obligations 
4 06 Complimentary Weekly Submission Credits 
4 07 Complimentary Monthly Submission Credits 
4 10 Broadjam Music Software Refunds 
This Agreement applies generally to all Users  Provisions applying only to certain types of Users (such as Subscribers and Hosting Subscribers) are so designated 
We may change or modify this Agreement at any time and such changes or modifications will become effective upon being posted to the Site  We will indicate at the top of its first page the date this Agreement was last revised  If you do not agree to abide by this or any future versions of the Agreement, do not use or access (or continue to use or access) the Site or Services  It is your responsibility to check the Site regularly to determine if there have been changes to the Agreement and to review such changes  Without limiting the foregoing: if we make changes to the Agreement that we deem to be material, those with Broadjam accounts will receive a message in their Broadjam inbox  If you do not have a Broadjam account, you will not receive this direct message 
(a) "Artist" means any individual or group, whether or not organized as a legal entity, that made any creative contribution to Materials you post at, on or through the Site 
(b) "Person" means any individual, corporation, partnership, association or other group of persons, whether or not organized as a legal entity, including legal successors or representatives of the foregoing 
(c) "Materials" means any and all works of authorship posted to the Site by any User, whether copyrightable or not, including but not limited to sound recordings, musical compositions, lyrics, pictures, graphics, photographs, text, videos and other audiovisual work, album and other artwork, liner notes, compilations, derivative works and collective works 
(d) "User" means any Person who visits the Site for any purpose, authorized or unauthorized  The term, "User" includes but is not limited to those who submit Material to or in any manner avail themselves of any Service offered at, on or through the Site  The term, "User" also includes but is not limited to, Subscribers and Hosting Subscribers 
(e) "Term" means the period of time during which this Agreement is in effect as between Broadjam and You  Termination of your Broadjam account for any reason shall terminate the Term  Termination shall not be effective with respect to any provision of this Agreement that is either specifically designated as surviving termination, or should reasonably survive in order to accomplish the objectives of this Agreement 
(b) Broadjam shall have the right to review all Materials and in its sole discretion to remove or refuse to post any Materials for any reason 
(c) Except for Materials, the entire Site and its contents, including but not limited to text, graphics, logos, layout, design, button icons, images, compilations, object code, source code, multimedia content (including but not limited to images, illustrations, audio and video clips), html and other mark up languages, all scripts within the Site or associated therewith and all other work and intellectual property of any type or kind, whether patentable or copyrightable or not (hereinafter, without limitation, "Site Content"), is the property of Broadjam or its content suppliers and are protected by United States and international copyright laws with All Rights Reserved  All Site databases and the compilation of any/all Site Content are the exclusive property of Broadjam and are protected by United States and international copyright laws with All Rights Reserved  All software used on the Site or incorporated into it is the property of Broadjam or its software suppliers and is protected by United States and international copyright laws with All Rights Reserved 
(d) The Site is protected by all applicable federal and international intellectual property laws  No portion of the Site may be reprinted, republished, modified or distributed in any form without Broadjam's express written permission  You agree not to reproduce, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or modify any portion of the Site  Certain content may be licensed from third parties and all such third party content and all intellectual property rights related to such content belong to the respective third parties 
(e) You acknowledge that Broadjam retains exclusive ownership of the Site and all intellectual property rights associated therewith  Except as expressly provided herein, you are not granted any rights or license to patents, copyrights, trade secrets or trademarks with respect to the Site or any Service, and Broadjam reserves all rights not expressly granted hereunder  You shall promptly notify Broadjam in writing upon your discovery of any unauthorized use or infringement of the Site or any Service or Broadjam's patents, copyrights, trade secrets, trademarks or other intellectual property rights  The Site contains proprietary and confidential information that is protected by copyright laws and international treaty provisions 
(f) Violations of this Agreement may result in civil or criminal liability  We have the right to investigate occurrences, which may involve such violations and may involve, provide information to and cooperate with, law enforcement authorities in prosecuting users who are involved in such violations 
(h) If applicable, You agree to comply with the Acceptable Use Policies ("AUPs") of vendors providing bandwidth, merchant or related services to Broadjam  Broadjam will provide links to applicable AUPs upon your written request 
(i) "Broadjam," "Broadjam Top 10," "Metajam", "broadjam com", "Musicians of Broadjam," Mini MoB, PRIMO MoB and all other trademarks, service marks, logos, labels, product names, service names and trade dress appearing on the Site, registered and unregistered (collectively, the "Marks") are owned exclusively or are licensed by Broadjam  Marks not owned by Broadjam or its subsidiaries are the property of their respective owners, who may or may not be affiliated with, connected to, or sponsored by Broadjam  Other trademarks, service marks, logos, labels, product names and service names appearing in Material posted on the Site and not owned by Broadjam or its organizational affiliates, are the property of their respective owners  You agree not to copy, display or otherwise use any Marks without Broadjam's prior written permission  The Marks may never be used in any manner likely to cause confusion, disparage or dilute the Marks and/or in connection with any product or service that is not authorized or sponsored by Broadjam 
(j) You may not remove or alter, or cause to be removed or altered, any copyright, trademark, trade name, service mark, or any other proprietary notice or legend appearing on the Site 
Co-Branding  You may not co-brand the Site  For purposes of this Agreement, "co-branding" means to display a name, logo, trademark, or other means of attribution or identification of Broadjam in such a manner as is reasonably likely to give the impression that you have the right to display, publish,or distribute the Site or content accessible within the Site, including but not limited to Materials  You agree to cooperate with Broadjam in causing any unauthorized co-branding immediately to cease 
You may not frame or use framing techniques to enclose any Broadjam trademark, logo, or other proprietary information (including but not limited to images, text, page layout, and form) without Broadjam's express written consent  You may not use any metatags or any other "hidden text" using Broadjam's name or trademarks without Broadjam's express written consent  Any such unauthorized use shall result in the immediate and automatic termination of all permission, rights and/or licenses granted to you by Broadjam and may also result in such additional action as Broadjam deems necessary to protect and enforce its legal rights 
Hosting Subscriber expressly acknowledges that Broadjam is the sole and exclusive worldwide owner of all Broadjam Marks, as such term is defined in this Agreement 
Hosting Subscriber expressly acknowledges that this license is granted in consideration of and is conditioned upon Hosting Subscriber's full compliance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, these additional conditions applying to Hosting Subscribers, and all Policies appearing on the Site 
This license shall terminate immediately upon expiration or termination of Hosting Subscriber's hosting subscription or Broadjam membership or if, in Broadjam's absolute discretion and without the necessity of written notice, Hosting Subscriber has failed to comply with any of the terms or conditions of this Agreement or any Policies appearing on the Site 
Hosting Subscriber agrees to display the following disclaimer prominently at the foot of the home page of Hosting Subscriber's Website: "Hosted by Broadjam  [Hosting Subscriber's Name Here] is not affiliated with Broadjam, Inc  and Broadjam bears no responsibility for the content or use of this site "
No use of Hosting Subscriber's Custom Homepage Link and no content on Hosting Subscriber's Website will dilute, tarnish, blur or otherwise diminish the value of the BROADJAM mark; and Hosting Subscriber will not use, publish or advertise the Custom Homepage Link for any purpose other than identifying the location of Hosting Subscriber's Website; and Upon Broadjam's request Hosting Subscriber will provide Broadjam with hard copy samples of any and all advertising, promotional and other tangible materials bearing the Custom Homepage Link, and will provide Broadjam with URLs to any sites or materials anywhere on the Internet pointing to, linking to or otherwise referring to the Custom Homepage Link 
The appearance, position and other aspects of the link must not be such as to damage or dilute the goodwill associated with our name and Marks or create any false appearance that we are associated with or sponsor the linking site 
Subject to applicable law, we reserve the right to revoke our consent to any link at any time in our sole discretion 
You shall retain full ownership and copyright of any and all Materials you submit to Broadjam, at all times, subject only to the rights and licenses you grant to Broadjam pursuant to this Agreement or any other applicable agreement  Without limiting any other provisions of this Agreement: you authorize and direct us to make and retain such copies of your Materials as we deem necessary in order to facilitate the storage, use and display of such Materials in accordance with your chosen account settings 
Your Materials shall not be considered assets of Broadjam in the event of a voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy 
If you believe that Materials in which you hold an ownership interest have been posted to the Site or otherwise submitted to Broadjam without your permission, you must, and hereby agree, immediately to notify Broadjam's Copyright Agent  Broadjam recommends that you register your Materials with the US Copyright Office  While Broadjam takes commercially reasonable steps to ensure that the rights of its members are not violated by Users, Broadjam has no obligation to pursue legal action against any alleged infringer of any rights in or to your Materials 
You are solely responsible at your own cost and expense for creating backup copies and replacing any Materials you post or store on the Site or otherwise provide to Broadjam 
The Site may be available via mobile devices and applications  We may provide without limitation the ability from such devices and applications to access your account, upload content to the Site and to send and receive messages, instant messages, Materials, and other types of communications that may be developed (collectively the "Mobile Services")  Your mobile carrierâs normal messaging, data and other rates and fees may apply when using the Mobile Services  In addition, downloading, installing, or using certain Mobile Services may be prohibited or restricted by your mobile carrier, and not all Mobile Services may work with all mobile carriers or devices  When available, by using any Mobile Services, you agree that we may communicate with you regarding Broadjam and the Site by multimedia messaging service, short message service, text message or other electronic means to your mobile device and that certain information about your usage of the Mobile Services may be communicated to us 
Section 512 of the Copyright Law of the United States (17 U S C  Â§512) limits liability for copyright infringement by service providers if the service provider has designated an agent for notification of claimed infringement by providing contact information to the Copyright Office and through theservice provider's website 
Broadjam has designated an agent to receive notification of alleged copyright infringement (our agent is identified below)  This Section 1 07 is without prejudice or admission as to the applicability of the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, 17 U S C , Section 512, to Broadjam 
Upon receipt of a valid claim (i e , a claim in which all required information is substantially provided) Broadjam will undertake to have the disputed Material removed from public view  We will also notify the user who posted the allegedly infringing Material that we have removed or disabled access to that Material  Broadjam has no other role to play either in prosecuting or defending claims of infringement, and cannot be held accountable in any case for damages, regardless of whether a claim of infringement is found to be true or false  Please note: If you materially misrepresent that Material infringes your copyright interests, you may be liable for damages (including court costs and attorneys fees) and could be subject to criminal prosecution for perjury 
Our designated agent will present your counter notification to the person who filed the infringement complaint  Once your counter notification has been delivered, Broadjam is allowed under the provisions of Section 512 to restore the removed Material in not less than ten or more than fourteen days, unless the complaining party serves notice of intent to obtain a court order restraining the restoration 
It is Broadjam's policy to terminate subscribers and account holders who are found to be repeat infringers 
Broadjam's designated agent is Elizabeth T Russell 
By accepting this Agreement and/or submitting Materials to Broadjam, you expressly warrant and represent the following to Broadjam and acknowledge that Broadjam is relying upon such warranties and representations: (a) That all factual assertions you have made and will make to us are true and complete; that you have reached the age of majority and are otherwise competent to enter into contracts in your jurisdiction; that you are at least 18 years of age; and that, in any event, you are deriving benefits from this Agreement and from visiting the Site 
(b) That you have obtained and hold all rights, approvals, consents, licenses and/or permissions, in proper legal form, necessary to submit Materials on the terms provided herein and to grant Broadjam the nonexclusive licenses set forth herein  (c) That no other rights, approvals, consents, licenses and/or permissions are required from any other person or entity to submit your Materials on the terms provided herein or to grant Broadjam the nonexclusive licenses set forth herein 
(d) That your Materials are original; that your Materials were either created solely by you or, by written assignment, you have acquired all worldwide intellectual property rights in and to your Materials; that if your Materials contain any "samples" or excerpts from copyrightable work the rights to which are owned in whole or in part by any person or entity other than you, that you have obtained and hold all rights, approvals, consents, licenses and/or permissions, in proper legal form, necessary to use and include such work in your Materials; and that your Materials do not otherwise infringe on the intellectual property rights of any person or entity 
(e) That neither your Materials nor any comments or reviews you post on the Site violate any common law or statutory patent, copyright, privacy, publicity, trademark or trade secret rights of any person or entity and are not libelous, defamatory, obscene or otherwise actionable at law or equity 
(f) That you have neither intentionally nor with gross negligence submitted any Materials containing or producing any virus or other harmful code or other information that could damage or otherwise interfere with our computer systems or data and/or that of our customers 
(g) You agree to sign and deliver to Broadjam any additional documents that Broadjam may request to confirm Broadjam's rights and your warranties and representations under this Agreement 
(h) You acknowledge that Broadjam is relying upon the representations, warranties and covenants you have made herein  You agree to and hereby do indemnify Broadjam, its licensees, assigns and customers against, and hold them harmless from, any loss, expense (including reasonable attorney fees and expenses), or damage occasioned by any claim, demand, suit, recovery, or settlement arising out of any breach or alleged breach of any of the representations, warranties or covenants made herein or arising out of any failure by you to fulfill any of the representations, warranties, or covenants you have made herein 
(i) All representations, warranties or covenants made herein by you shall survive termination of this Agreement 
(j) All warranties and representations made by you herein are made for the benefit of Broadjam and its sub-licensees and may be enforced separately by Broadjam and/or by any contractually designated sub-licensee of Broadjam 
In consideration of Broadjam's efforts to provide your work with public exposure, you expressly authorize Broadjam and its sub-licensees to transmit, stream, broadcast, publicly display and publicly perform in any manner, form or media whether now known or hereafter devised, worldwide, any ofthe Materials you submit to Broadjam, in accordance with the provisions of this section  Without limitation to other licenses you may be inferred to have granted in order to accomplish the foregoing, you expressly grant Broadjam and its sub-licensees the following worldwide, non-exclusive, royalty-free, sublicenseable and transferable licenses with respect to any and all Materials you submit 
Public performance license for musical works  If you are a member of any collective rights management or performing rights society ("PRS"), worldwide, licensing and compensation for public performances of your Material consisting of musical works (including qualifying performances by Broadjam and any of its sub-licensees) shall be made solely by your PRS and pursuant to your affiliation agreement with your PRS  If you are not affiliated with a PRS, or if any performance by Broadjam or any of its sub-licensees does not qualify as a performance under your affiliation agreement with your PRS: you hereby grant Broadjam and its sub-licensees a nonexclusive, royalty-free, direct license to publicly perform all musical compositions included in your Materials, worldwide, in any media formats and through any media channels now known or hereafter devised 
Public performance license for sound recordings  If you are a member of SoundExchange or any other collective rights management organization for sound recordings ("CRMO"), worldwide, licensing and compensation for public performances of your Material consisting of sound recordings (including qualifying performances by Broadjam and any of its sub-licensees) shall be made solely by your CRMO and pursuant to your affiliation agreement with your CRMO  If you are not affiliated with a CRMO, or if any performance by Broadjam or any of its sub-licensees does not qualify as a performance under your affiliation agreement with your CRMO: you hereby grant Broadjam and its sublicensees a nonexclusive, royalty-free license to publicly perform (by means of digital audio transmission and all other means) all sound recordings included in your Materials, worldwide, in any media formats and through any media channels now known or hereafter devised 
Reproduction licenses for compositions and sound recordings  Although copyright law is evolving to accommodate the digital environment, certain key issues remain unresolved  One such issue is the extent to which reproduction licenses are required for musical works and sound recordings made available on interactive streaming services  We choose to resolve the issue contractually  Accordingly, you hereby grant Broadjam and its sub-licensees nonexclusive reproduction licenses for all musical works and sound recordings included in your Materials; provided, however, that unless by separate agreement you have chosen to make your Materials available for sale through Broadjam's digital download store, such reproduction licenses are limited in scope and apply only to the extent necessary to make your Materials publicly available via Broadjam's interactive streaming services  Podcasts  From time to time Broadjam may invite you to submit your Materials for inclusion in downloadable content files known as "podcasts " Podcasts are non-live entertainment programs spotlighting the work of Broadjam members and are made available for download in unprotected media, free of charge, at the Site  Broadjam will not include your Materials in podcasts without your consent  If you choose to grant such consent, however, you also (and hereby do) grant to Broadjam and its sub-licensees all licenses reasonably required for podcasting, including nonexclusive reproduction and public performance licenses for all musical works, and nonexclusive reproduction and public performance licenses for all sound recordings, embodied in any Materials of yours selected for inclusion in Broadjam podcasts  You further release Broadjam and its sub-licensees for any and all liability arising from any alleged failure by Broadjam or any of its sub-licensees to obtain appropriate licenses for the use of any Materials of yours selected for inclusion in Broadjam podcasts 
You may at any time opt to make Materials you have uploaded to Broadjam available to other Broadjam members free of charge ("Free Songs")  The Broadjam Free Songs feature is designed to help you further circulate your music  Your songs will not be designated as Free Songs without your express consent  Broadjam makes your Free Songs available for download in unprotected media, free of charge, in the Broadjam Downloads Store ("BDS")  If you choose to designate your songs as Free Songs, you expressly authorize Broadjam and its sub-licensees to reproduce, transmit, stream, broadcast, publicly display and publicly perform in any manner, form or media whether now known or hereafter devised, such Free Songs in accordance with the provisions of this section  You may at any time choose to change the status of a song from Free" to Not Free" and vice versa in your User Profile  Broadjam shall not make any payments to you for songs downloaded by Broadjam members during the time period in which you designated your songs as Free Songs  You further release Broadjam and its sub-licensees for any and all liability arising from any unauthorized exercise of copyright rights in connection with your Materials that you have chosen to designate as Free Songs 
Broadjam shall have the right and license to use, and license others to use, your Materials for the purpose of promoting our products and services, and to use all names, likenesses, biographical materials, logos, trademarks or trade names of you and all individuals performing on or otherwise represented in your Materials without any payment to you or any other Persons, entities, groups or associations, in accordance with the provisions of this section  All rights and licenses you grant to Broadjam pursuant to this section shall terminate, with respect to specific Materials, when, in accordance with this Agreement, you exercise your right to request removal of such Materials 
You represent and warrant that you have exclusive authority to grant all licenses that are granted to Broadjam and its sub-licensees in this Agreement  You understand that Broadjam is relying on this representation and warranty  You agree to and hereby do indemnify Broadjam, its licensees, assigns and customers against, and hold them harmless from, any loss, expense (including reasonable attorney fees and expenses), or damage occasioned by any claim, demand, suit, recovery, or settlement arising out of any breach or alleged breach of any of the representations, warranties or covenants made herein or arising out of any failure by you to fulfill any of the representations, warranties, or covenants you have made herein 
Sub-licensees designated by Broadjam to transmit, stream, broadcast, publicly display and/or publicly perform your Materials may pay a fee to Broadjam for facilitating access to such Materials and you hereby agree that Broadjam shall be entitled to collect and retain 100% of all such facilitation fees without any obligation to you 
(a) You acknowledge that the Site may from time to time encounter technical or other problems and may not necessarily continue uninterrupted or without technical or other errors and that Broadjam shall not be responsible to you or others for any such interruptions, errors or problems or for discontinuance of any Broadjam Service  Broadjam provides no assurances whatever that any of your Materials will ever be accessed or used by Broadjam, its visitors, Subscribers or sub-licensees nor, if so accessed or used, that your Materials will continue to be available for any particular length or period of time 
(b) A possibility exists that the Site or any Service could include inaccuracies or errors, or information or materials that violate this Agreement  Additionally, a possibility exists that unauthorized alterations could be made by third parties to the Site or any Service  Although we attempt to ensure the integrity of the Site and every Service, we make no guarantees as to their completeness or correctness  In the event that a situation arises in which the Site's or any Services' completeness or correctness is in question, you agree to contact us including, if possible, a description of the material to be checked and the location (URL) where such material can be found, as well as information sufficient to enable us to contact you  We will make best efforts to address your concerns as soon as reasonably practicable  For copyright infringement claims, see Broadjam's Digital Millennium Copyright (DMCA) Policy, set forth in Section 1 07 of this Agreement 
(c) The Site and any Service may be discontinued at any time, with or without reason or cause 
(d) Broadjam disclaims any and all responsibility for the deletion, failure to store, misdelivery or untimely delivery of any information or Material  Broadjam disclaims any and all responsibility for harm resulting from downloading or accessing any information or Material on the Internet or through the Site 
(e) THIS SITE, INCLUDING ANY CONTENT OR INFORMATION CONTAINED WITHIN IT OR ANY SITE-RELATED SERVICE, IS PROVIDED "AS IS," WITH NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED  TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMISSIBLE PURSUANT TO APPLICABLE LAW, BROADJAM AND ITS AFFILIATES, LICENSORS, SUPPLIERS, ADVERTISERS, SPONSORS AND AGENTS DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF TITLE, NON-INFRINGEMENT, ACCURACY, MERCHANTABILITY, AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, AND ANY WARRANTIES THAT MAY ARISE FROM COURSE OF DEALING, COURSE OF PERFORMANCE OR USAGE OF TRADE  BROADJAM AND ITS AFFILIATES, LICENSORS, SUPPLIERS, ADVERTISERS, SPONSORS AND AGENTS DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES REGARDING THE SECURITY, RELIABILITY, TIMELINESS, AND PERFORMANCE OF ANY BROADJAM SERVICE  BROADJAM AND ITS AFFILIATES, LICENSORS, SUPPLIERS, ADVERTISERS, SPONSORS AND AGENTS DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES FOR ANY INFORMATION OR ADVICE OBTAINED THROUGH THE SITE  NO OPINION, ADVICE OR STATEMENT OF BROADJAM OR ITS AFFILIATES, LICENSORS, SUPPLIERS, ADVERTISERS, SPONSORS, AGENTS, MEMBERS OR VISITORS, WHETHER MADE ON THE SITE OR OTHERWISE, SHALL CREATE ANY WARRANTY  BROADJAM AND ITS AFFILIATES, LICENSORS, SUPPLIERS, ADVERTISERS, SPONSORS AND AGENTS DISCLAIM ANY AND ALL WARRANTIES FOR SERVICES OR GOODS RECEIVED THROUGH OR ADVERTISED ON THE SITE OR RECEIVED THROUGH ANY LINKS APPEARING ANYWHERE ON THE SITE, AS WELL AS FOR ANY INFORMATION OR ADVICE RECEIVED THROUGH ANY LINKS PROVIDED ANYWHERE ON THE SITE 
(f) BROADJAM AND ITS AFFILIATES, LICENSORS, SUPPLIERS, ADVERTISERS, SPONSORS AND AGENTS DO NOT WARRANT THAT YOUR USE OF THE SITE WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED, ERROR-FREE OR SECURE, THAT DEFECTS WILL BE CORRECTED, OR THAT THE SITE OR THE SERVER(S) ON WHICH THE SITE IS HOSTED ARE FREE OF VIRUSES OR OTHER HARMFUL COMPONENTS  YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT YOU ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR OBTAINING AND MAINTAINING ALL TELEPHONE, COMPUTER HARDWARE AND OTHER EQUIPMENT NEEDED TO ACCESS AND USE THE SITE, AND ALL CHARGES RELATED THERETO  YOU ASSUME ALL RESPONSIBILITY AND RISK FOR YOUR USE OF THE SITE AND ANY SERVICE AND YOUR RELIANCE THEREON  YOU UNDERSTAND AND AGREE THAT YOU DOWNLOAD OR OTHERWISE OBTAIN MATERIAL, INFORMATION OR DATA THROUGH THE USE OF THE SITE AT YOUR OWN DISCRETION AND RISK AND THAT YOU WILL BE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGES TO YOUR COMPUTER SYSTEM OR LOSS OF DATA THAT RESULTS FROM THE DOWNLOAD OF SUCH MATERIAL, INFORMATION OR DATA 
(g) SOME STATES OR OTHER JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OF IMPLIED WARRANTIES, SO THE ABOVE EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU  YOU MAY ALSO HAVE OTHER RIGHTS THAT VARY FROM STATE TO STATE AND JURISDICTION TO JURISDICTION  PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW YOU HEREBY WAIVE THE PROVISIONS OF ANY STATE LAW LIMITING OR PROHIBITING SUCH EXCLUSIONS 
(a) NEITHER BROADJAM NOR ANY OF OUR AFFILIATES, LICENSORS, SUPPLIERS, ADVERTISERS OR SPONSORS, NOR OUR OR THEIR DIRECTORS, OFFICERS, EMPLOYEES, CONSULTANTS, AGENTS OR OTHER REPRESENTATIVES (TOGETHER, FOR PURPOSES OF THIS SECTION, "BROADJAM"), ARE RESPONSIBLE OR LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, PUNITIVE OR OTHER DAMAGES (INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGES FOR LOSS OF BUSINESS, LOSS OF DATA OR LOST PROFITS), UNDER ANY CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE, WARRANTY, STRICT LIABILITY OR OTHER THEORY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING IN ANY WAY TO USE OR MISUSE OF OR RELIANCE ON THE SITE OR ANY BROADJAM SERVICE OR ANY LINKED SITE, EVEN IF BROADJAM HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES, AND IN NO EVENT SHALL BROADJAM'S TOTAL CUMULATIVE LIABILITY UNDER THIS AGREEMENT EXCEED THE TOTAL AMOUNT PAID BY YOU, IF ANY, TO ACCESS THE SITE  SUCH LIMITATION OF LIABILITY SHALL APPLY WHETHER THE DAMAGES ARISE FROM USE OR MISUSE OF AND/OR RELIANCE ON THE SITE OR ANY BROADJAM SERVICE, FROM INABILITY TO USE THE SITE OR ANY BROADJAM SERVICE, OR FROM THE INTERRUPTION, SUSPENSION, OR TERMINATION OF THE SITE OR ANY BROADJAM SERVICE (INCLUDING SUCH DAMAGES INCURRED BY THIRD PARTIES)  THIS LIMITATION SHALL ALSO APPLY WITH RESPECT TO DAMAGES INCURRED BY REASON OF OTHER SERVICES OR GOODS RECEIVED THROUGH OR ADVERTISED ON THE SITE OR RECEIVED THROUGH ANY LINKS PROVIDED AT, IN OR THROUGH THE SITE, AS WELL AS BY REASON OF ANY INFORMATION OR ADVICE RECEIVED THROUGH OR ADVERTISED ON THE SITE OR RECEIVED THROUGH ANY LINKS PROVIDED ON THE SITE OR ANY BROADJAM SERVICE  THIS LIMITATION SHALL ALSO APPLY, WITHOUT LIMITATION, TO THE COSTS OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES, LOST PROFITS, AND LOST DATA  SUCH LIMITATION SHALL FURTHER APPLY WITH RESPECT TO THE PERFORMANCE OR NONPERFORMANCE OF THE SITE OR ANY BROADJAM SERVICE OR ANY INFORMATION OR MERCHANDISE THAT APPEARS ON, OR IS LINKED OR RELATED IN ANY WAY TO, THE SITE OR ANY BROADJAM SERVICE  SUCH LIMITATION SHALL APPLY NOTWITHSTANDING ANY FAILURE OF ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY LIMITED REMEDY AND TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY LAW 
(b) SOME STATES OR OTHER JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF LIABILITY FOR INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, SO THE ABOVE LIMITATIONS AND EXCLUSIONS MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU  PROVIDED, HOWEVER, THAT TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW YOU HEREBY WAIVE THE PROVISIONS OF ANY STATE LAW LIMITING OR PROHIBITING SUCH EXCLUSIONS OR LIMITATIONS 
(c) WITHOUT LIMITING THE FOREGOING, UNDER NO CIRCUMSTANCES SHALL BROADJAM BE HELD LIABLE FOR ANY DELAY OR FAILURE IN PERFORMANCE RESULTING DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY FROM ACTS OF NATURE, FORCES, OR CAUSES BEYOND ITS REASONABLE CONTROL, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, INTERNET FAILURES, COMPUTER EQUIPMENT FAILURES, TELECOMMUNICATION EQUIPMENT FAILURES, OTHER EQUIPMENT FAILURES, ELECTRICAL POWER FAILURES, STRIKES, LABOR DISPUTES, RIOTS, INSURRECTIONS, CIVIL DISTURBANCES, SHORTAGES OF LABOR OR MATERIALS, FIRES, FLOODS, STORMS, EXPLOSIONS, ACTS OF GOD, EPIDEMIC, WAR, GOVERNMENTAL ACTIONS, ORDERS OF DOMESTIC OR FOREIGN COURTS OR TRIBUNALS, NON-PERFORMANCE OF THIRD PARTIES, OR LOSS OF OR FLUCTUATIONS IN HEAT, LIGHT, OR AIR CONDITIONING 
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Context 2: \section{Introduction}
The averaged quantities can be obtained in two different ways in
magnetohydrodynamics  The first way is to solve 3D MHD equations
and then average the results  The second way is to solve some
system of equations on averages  Combination of numerical
simulations and averaged theory brings phenomenology that can
describe observations or experimental data 

The problem of spherically symmetric accretion takes its origin
from Bondi's work \citep{bondi}  He presented idealized
hydrodynamic solution with accretion rate $\dot{M}_B $ However,
magnetic field $\vec{B}$ always exists in the real systems  Even
small seed $\vec{B}$ amplifies in spherical infall and becomes
dynamically important \citep{schwa} 

Magnetic field inhibits accretion \citep{schwa}  None of many
theories has reasonably calculated the magnetic field evolution
and how it influences dynamics  These theories have some common
pitfalls  First of all, the direction of magnetic field is usually
defined  Secondly, the magnetic field strength is prescribed by
thermal equipartition assumption  In third, dynamical effect of
magnetic field is calculated with conventional magnetic energy and
pressure  All these inaccuracies can be eliminated 

In Section 2\ref{section_method} I develop a model that abandons
equipartition prescription, calculates the magnetic field
direction and strength and employs the correct equations of
magnetized fluid dynamics  In Section 3\ref{results} I show this
accretion pattern to be in qualitative agreement with Sgr A*
spectrum models  I discuss my assumptions in Section 4
\ref{discussion} 

\section{Analytical method}\label{section_method}
 Reasonable turbulence evolution model is the key difference of my
 method  I build an averaged turbulence theory that corresponds to
numerical simulations  I start with the model of isotropic
turbulence that is consistent with simulations of collisional MHD
in three regimes  Those regimes are decaying hydrodynamic
turbulence, decaying MHD turbulence and dynamo action  I introduce
effective isotropization of magnetic field in 3D model 
Isotropization is taken to have a timescale of the order of
dissipation timescale that is a fraction $\gamma\sim1$ of the
Alfven wave crossing time $\tau_{\rm diss}=\gamma r/v_A $

Common misconception exists about the dynamical influence of
magnetic field  Neither magnetic energy nor magnetic pressure can
represent $\vec{B}$ in dynamics  Correct averaged Euler and energy
equations were derived in \citep{scharlemann} for radial magnetic
field  Magnetic force $\vec{F}_M=[\vec{j}\times\vec{B}]$ can be
averaged over the solid angle with proper combination of
$\vec{\nabla}\cdot\vec{B}=0 $ I extend the derivation to random
magnetic field without preferred direction  Dynamical effect of
magnetic helicity \citep{biskamp03} is also investigated  I
neglect radiative and mechanical transport processes 

The derived set of equations requires some modifications and
boundary conditions to be applicable to the real astrophysical
systems  I add external energy input to turbulence to balance
dissipative processes in the outer flow  The outer turbulence is
taken to be isotropic and has magnetization $\sigma\sim1 $
Transonic smooth solution is chosen as possessing the highest
accretion rate as in \citep{bondi} 

\begin{figure}\label{fig1}
  \includegraphics[height= 5\textheight]{velocities}
  \caption{Normalized to Keplerian speed characteristic velocities of magnetized flow  Horizontal lines correspond to self-similar solution $v\sim r^{-1/2} $}
\end{figure}

\section{Results \& Application to Sgr A*}\label{results}

\begin{figure}\label{fig2}
  \includegraphics[height= 5\textheight]{magnetization}
  \caption{Plot of magnetization $\sigma=(E_M+E_K)/E_{Th}$ with radius }
\end{figure}
The results of my calculations confirm some known facts about
spherical magnetized accretion, agree with the results of
numerical simulations and have some previously unidentified
features 

Initially isotropic magnetic field exhibits strong anisotropy with
larger radial field $B_r $ Perpendicular magnetic field
$B_\perp\ll B_r$ is dynamically unimportant in the inner accretion
region Fig\ref{fig1}  Because magnetic field dissipates, infall
onto the black hole can proceed \citep{schwa} 

Turbulence is supported by external driving in the outer flow
regions, but internal driving due to freezing-in amplification
takes over in the inner flow Fig\ref{fig2}  Magnetization of the
flow increases in the inner region with decreasing radius
consistently with simulations \cite{igumen06}  Density profile
appears to be $\rho\sim r^{-1 25}$ that is different from
traditional ADAF scaling $\rho\sim r^{-1 5}$ \citep{narayan}  Thus
the idea of self-similar behavior is not supported 

Compared to non-magnetized accretion, infall rate is 2-5 times
smaller depending on outer magnetization  In turn, gas density is
2-5 times smaller in the region close to the black hole, where
synchrotron radiation emerges \citep{narayan}  Sgr A* produces
relatively weak synchrotron \citep{narayan}  So, either gas
density $n$ or electron temperature $T_e$ or magnetic field $B$
are small in the inner flow or combination of factors works  Thus
low gas density in magnetized model is in qualitative agreement
with the results of modelling the spectrum 

Flow is convectively stable on average in the model of moving
blobs, where dissipation heat is released homogeneously in volume 
Moving blobs are in radial and perpendicular pressure
equilibriums  They are governed by the same equations as the
medium 

\section{Discussion \& Conclusion}\label{discussion}
The presented accretion study self-consistently treats turbulence
in the averaged model  This model introduces many weak assumptions
instead of few strong ones 

I take dissipation rate to be that of collisional MHD simulations 
But flow in question is rather in collisionless regime 
Observations of collisionless flares in solar corona
\citep{noglik} gives dissipation rate $20$ times smaller than in
collisional simulations \citep{biskamp03}  However, flares in
solar corona may represent a large-scale reconnection event rather
than developed turbulence  It is unclear which dissipation rate is
more realistic for accretion 

Magnetic field presents another caveat  Magnetic field lines
should close, or $\vec{\nabla}\cdot\vec{B}=0$ should hold  Radial
field is much larger than perpendicular in the inner region 
Therefore, characteristic radial scale of the flow is much larger
than perpendicular  If radial turbulence scale is larger than
radius, freezing-in condition does not hold anymore  Matter can
freely slip along radial field lines into the black hole  If
matter slips already at the sonic point, the accretion rate should
be higher than calculated 

Some other assumptions are more likely to be valid  Diffusion
should be weak because of high Mach number that approaches unity
at large radius  Magnetic helicity was found to play very small
dynamical role  Only when the initial turbulence is highly
helical, magnetic helicity conservation may lead to smaller
accretion rate  Neglect of radiative cooling is justified a
posteriori  Line cooling time is about $20$ times larger that
inflow time from outer boundary 

The study is the extension of basic theory, but realistic
analytical models should include more physics  The work is
underway 
\begin{theacknowledgments}
I thank my advisor Prof  Ramesh Narayan for fruitful discussions 
\end{theacknowledgments}

\bibliographystyle{aipproc}


Context 3: Rokebye, Ralph of Yorks, arm  Gloucester Hall, matric  9 Nov , 1582, aged 15; student of Lincoln's Inn 1585  See Foster's Inns of Court Register 
Rokebye, Ralph of Herts (? Yorks), gent  Broadgates Hall, matric  entry 28 Feb , 1589-90, aged 14  See pedigree in Foster's Yorkshire Collection 
Rokeby, William (brother of Sir Richard, treasurer of Ireland, son of John, of Thundercliffe Grange, Yorks), fellow of King's Hall, Cambridge, D Can L ; rector of Sandal 1487, and of Halifax, Yorks, 1502, rector of Fakenham, Norfolk, 1496, chancellor of Ireland 1498, and 1515, bishop of Meath, and privy councillor 1507, archbishop of Dublin 1512, archdeacon of Surrey 1520, until his death 29 Nov , 1521  See Ath  ii  717; Cotton, i  25; & Lansdowne MS  979, ff  4, 6 
Rolfe, Augustine (Rolfus) M A  from Queen's Coll , Cambridge, 1595; incorporated 10 July, 1599 
Rolf, Richard B A  from Emanuel Coll , Cambridge, 1584-5 (incorporated 11 July, 1585); M A  1588  See Foster's Graduati Cantab 
Rolfe, William cler  fil  New Coll , matric  10 March, 1656-7, B A  1660, fellow, M A  14 Jan , 1663-4; rector of Brampton 1668, and of Stoke Bruern, Northants, 1676, until his death, buried (at Stoke Bruern) 6 Sept , 1693  See Baker's Northants, i  86 
Rolfe, William s  William, of Stoke-Bruern, Northants, cler  Brasenose Coll  7 July, 1688, aged 16; student of Inner Temple 1692, buried in the Temple church 1 March, 1692-3  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg 
Rolle, Denis youngest son John, of Steventon, Devon, equitis  Exeter Coll , matric  15 Feb , 1666-7, aged 17; brother of John same date 
Rolle, Denis s  D , of Heanton, Devon, arm  Exeter Coll  matric  24 Oct , 1687, aged 17; B A  1691, M A  1694 (as Denys), rector of Merton, Devon, 1696  See Samuel 1687, & Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus 
Rolle, (Sir) Henry of Devon, arm  fil  Broadgates Hall, matric  14 June, 1594, aged 18; student of Middle Temple 1597 (as son and heir of Henry, of Steventon, Devon, esq ), knighted 23 July, 1603, died in 1617  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg 
Rolle, Henry of Devon, arm  Exeter Coll , matric  20 March, 1606-7, aged 17; bar -at-law, Inner Temple, 1618, bencher 1633 (2s  Robert, of Heanton, Devon), M P  Callington 1621-2, 1624-5, Truro 1625-1626, 1628-9, serjeant-at-law 1640, recorder of Dorchester 1636, a judge of king's bench 1645, chief justice of upper bench 1648-55, died 30 July, 1656, buried in Shapwick church, Somerset; brother of Samuel 1605  See Ath  iii  416; & Foster's Judges and Barristers 
Rolle, Henry s  Alex , of Tavistock, Devon, gent  Christ Church, matric  23 March, 1696-7, aged 17 
Rolle, John of Devon, arm  Exeter Coll , matric  30 May, 1589, aged 15; B A  8 Feb , 1592-3, M A  25 May, 1596 
Rolle, John 1s  John, of Steventon, Devon, equitis  Exeter Coll , matric  15 Feb , 1666-7, aged 18; of Bicton, Devon; died in his father's lifetime, buried at Bicton 22 April, 1689; brother of Denis 1667, and father of Denis 1698 
Rolle, Richard s  Richard, of Cookeburye, Devon, gent  New Inn Hall, matric  26 Sept , 1634, aged 18; B A  from Jesus Coll , Cambridge, 1638, incorporated from Gloucester Hall 17 Dec , 1639, M A  2 July, 1642, rector of Sheviocke, Cornwall, 1656; father of the next-named  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rolle, Richard s  R , of Sheviock, Cornwall, cler  St  Alban Hall, matric  3 July, 1674, aged 17; B A  1678 
Rolle, Robert (Rooles or Roales) fellow New Coll  1551-60 from Mark Lane, city of London, B A  26 June, 1555, M A  26 July, 1560, B D  22 Jan , 1572-3, D D  June, 1585, a teacher in Westminster school; perhaps canon of Combe (4) in Wells, 1574, and rector of Stoke Climsland, Devon, 1574  See O H S  i  345; & Foster's Index Eccl 
Rolle, Samuel s  Denis, of Great Torrington, Devon, arm  Exeter Coll , matric  16 July, 1687, aged 18, B A  1691; bar -at-law Middle Temple 1697; M P  Barnstaple 1705, died 1747; see Denis 1687  See Foster's Judges and Barristers 
Rolle, William B C L  14 July, 1528; perhaps vicar of Yarncombe, Devon, 1536  See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus 
Rolles, Gabriel (Rooles) B A  from St  John's Coll , Cambridge, 1610-11, M A  1614; incorporated 13 July, 1619, rector of East Locking, Berks, 1620, as Rolle  See Foster's Graduati Cantab 
Rolles, Richard gent  Jesus Coll , matric  1 March, 1632-3, B A  next day, M A  15 Oct , 1635; perhaps created B D  20 Dec  1642, "ex regis gratia," rector of Wavendon, Bucks, and of Witham, Essex, 1646, by the Westminster assembly  See Add  MS  15,670, p  70 
Rolles, William s  Richard, of Lewknor, Oxon, gent  St  John's Coll , matrie  12 March, 1637-8, aged 17, B A  9 Nov , 1641, M A  6 July, 1644; B D  from Jesus Coll  12 Sept , 1661, rector of Wheatfield, Oxon, 1660, and of Chalfont St  Giles, Bucks, 1662  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rolles, William created M A  from Exeter Coll  14 April, 1648 
Rolleston, Simon created M A  31 Aug , 1636 
Rolleston, Thomas of Devon, gent  Wadham Coll , matric  12 May, 1620, aged 16 
Rollinson, Francis 1584  See Rallinson 
Rollinson, William s  "Jose," of London, gent  St  John's Coll , matric  7 March, 1694-5, aged 15; perhaps brother of John Rawlinson, of New Coll  1692  See page 1236 
Rolt, Edward youngest son of Tho , of London, equitis  Merton Coll , matric  7 Nov , 1701, aged 15; of Sacomb, Herts, and Chippenham, Wilts, student of Lincoln's Inn, 1702, M P  St  Mawes 1713, Grantham 1715-22, Chippenham 1722; died 22 Dec , 1722; his father knighted 1 Oct , 1682, and died 9 Sept , 1710  See Foster's Parliamentary Dictionary 
Rolte, George s  Thomas, of St  Margarets par  Darenth, Kent, pleb  St  Alban Hall, matric  17 June, 1631, aged 18; B A  20 June, 1631, M A  29 April, 1634, incorporated at Cambridge 1639 
Romane, Edmund pleb  Balliol Coll , matric  20 Feb , 1627-8, aged 18; B A  next day, M A  3 June, 1630 
Romaine, Matthew pleb  Balliol Coll , matric  10 June, 1630, B A  same day, M A  14 May, 1633, vicar of Stoke Gaylard, Dorset, 1639; father of the next  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Romayne, Thomas s  Matth , of Stoke Gaylard, Dorset, minister  Wadham Coll , matric  17 July, 1669, aged 17; B A  from Hart Hall 1673, "the intruded" rector of Stoke Gaylard 1675  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Romayne, William (Ronayne) gent  Trinity Coll , matric  31 July, 1671, aged 16 
Rome, Harcourt s  William, of London, p p  Brasenose Coll , matric  13 Dec , 1672, aged 17 
Rome, William s  G  (? "Gul "), of Northampton (city), pleb  Brasenose Coll , matric  11 Dec , 1684, aged 16 
Romney, Joseph B A  from Emanuel Coll , Cambridge, 1610-11, M A  1614; incorporated 8 July, 1614, student of Inner Temple 1610, as of London, gent  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg 
Rone, John s  Randolph, of Hanmer, Flints, pleb  Brasenose Coll , matric  10 Oct , 1634, aged 18; D D  Trinity Coll , Dublin, 25 Jan , 1666 (as Roane), vicar of Hanmer, Flints, 1644, ejected same year, dean of Clogher 1667, bishop of Killaloe 1675, until his death 5 Sept , 1692  See Cotton's Fasti Ecc  Hib  i  467 
Rone, William of New Coll  1661  See Roane 
Roode, Edward (or Rode) B A  21 July, 1522, M A  26 Nov , 1534; perhaps canon of Southwell 1561-73 
Roode, Edward cler  fil  Merton Coll , matric  22 Nov , 1650; Eton postmaster 1649, fellow 1651, B A  2 March, 1651-2, M A  14 Dec , 1655; incorporated at Cambridge 1657, and LL D  1671; vicar of Gamlingay, co  Cambridge, rector of one moiety 1661, and of the other 1677; died at Cambridge 1689  See Burrows, 525; & O H S  iv  292 
Roode, Onesiphorus s  Edward, of Thame, Oxon, sacerd  New Inn Hall, matric  27 Oct , 1637, aged 16, B A  1 July, 1641; incorporated at Cambridge 1645; chaplain to the house of lords after the expulsion of the bishops; minister of New chapel, Tuttle-Fields, Westminster, 1648, until ejected in 1660  See Calamy, i  195 
Rood, Richard M A  from Pembroke Coll  5 Dec , 1634 
Rooke, John s  Tho , of Broadwell, co  Gloucester, pleb  Pembroke Coll , matric  1 March, 1683-4, aged 17; brother of Thomas 1693 
Rooke, John s  Tho , of Whitchurch, Wilts, gent  Balliol Coll , matric  14 Jan , 1713-14, aged 17 
Rooke, Nicholas s  Arthur, of Totnes, Devon, gent  Exeter Coll , matric  10 March, 1670-1, aged 16; B A  1674, M A  1677, rector of Dartington, Devon, 1679  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rooke, Robert "ser " Oriel Coll , matric  1 April, 1656, B A  1659 
Rooke, Robert s  R , p p  St  Alban Hall, matric  30 March, 1677, aged 17 
Rooke, Thomas pleb  Christ Church, matric  3 May, 1659 
Rooke, William (Roock) of Dorset, pleb  Brasenose Coll , matric  entry under date 20 March, 1578-9, aged 19; B A  from St  Alban Hall 30 Jan , 1582-3, M A  9 May, 1586 
Rooke, William of Dorset, gent  New Coll , matric  12 July, 1605, aged 18; B A  21 Feb , 1608-9, chaplain, M A  16 Dec , 1611, rector of North Cheriton, Somerset, 1618  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rooke, William s  J , of Workington, Cumberland, p p  Queen's Coll , matric  22 Oct , 1669, aged 17; B A  1674, M A  1677, B D  1690, vicar of Plumstead, Kent, 1691, and rector of Hadley, Hants, 1695  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rookes, Christopher (Rokys or Rokkis) B A  8 July, 1522, M A  1 July, 1527, B D  supd  Oct , 1540; principal of Magdalen Hall 1529-32, vicar of Stanstead Abbots, Herts, 1534  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rookes, Jonas B A  from Magdalen Hall 24 April, 1599, M A  11 Feb , 1601-2 (2s  William, of Roydes Hall); vicar of Penistone, Yorks, 1619, see Foster's Index Eccl ; styled fellow and bursar of University Coll  in Foster's Yorkshire Collection, possibly brother of the next-named 
Rookes, Robert of Yorks, pleb  Magdalen Hall, matric  14 May, 1602, aged 19; possibly brother of the last-named 
Ro(o)kes, William demy Magdalen Coll  1544, B A  supd  1551, fellow 1552-71, M A  27 April, 1556, B Med  supd  24 April, 1561  See Bloxam, iv  99 
Rookes, William s  William, of Rhodes Hall, Yorks, gent  University Coll , matric  30 June, 1665, aged 16; died at Oxford in 1667 
Roope, Ambrose s  A , of Dartmouth Parva, Devon, arm  Exeter Coll , matric  15 March, 1671-2, aged 16 
Roope, George s  Ant , of Bradford, Wilts, gent  Hart Hall, matric  10 Oct , 1702, aged 15 
Roope, John s  Nicholas, of Dartmouth, Devon, gent  Exeter Coll , matric  17 Nov , 1637, aged 15; student of Lincoln's Inn 1638  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg 
Roope, Nicholas of Devon, gent  Broadgates Hall, matric  6 Feb , 1606-7, aged 18; B A  6 Nov , 1610; probably father of the last-named 
Rooper, Thomas s  T , of London, gent  Trinity Coll , matric  9 July, 1699, aged 16; B A  1703, M A  19 Feb , 1705-6, as Roper 
Rooper, William of St  Alban Hall 1667  See Roper 
Roos, Brian D Can L  or doctor of decrees of the university of Valentia; incorporated 3 Feb , 1510-11; died 1529, buried in the church of Chelray  See Fasti, i  31 
Root, Isaac pleb  St  John's Coll , matric  2 July, 1658, admitted to Merchant Taylors' school 1649 (only son of Isaac, merchant taylor); born in Trinity parish 20 Aug , 1641  See Robinson, i  193 
Roots, Richard s  Tho , of Tunbridge, Kent, gent  St  John's Coll , matric  26 Dec , 1689, aged 15; demy Magdalen Coll  1690-1702, B A  1693, M A  1696, rector of Chilmarck, Wilts, 1702-27, canon of Sarum 1722, rector and vicar of Bishopstone, Wilts, 1728; brother of William 1699  See Rawl  iii  447, and xix  90; Bloxam, vi  111; & Foster's Index Eccl 
Roots, Thomas of Sussex, pleb  Magdalen Hall, matric  entry 17 Nov , 1581, aged 13; B A  supd  1 July, 1584, bar -at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1594  See Foster's Judges and Barristers 
Rootes, Thomas s  William, of Tunbridge, Kent, pleb  St  John's Coll , matric  31 Jan , 1628-9, aged 23; B A  12 Feb , 1628-9, vicar of Long Stanton All Saints, co  Cambridge, 1630  See Add  MSS  15,669-70; & Foster's Index Eccl 
Rootes, Thomas pleb  St  John's Coll , matric  2 July, 1658; B A  1661, M A  1666; possibly father of Richard 1689, and William 1699 
Roots, William s  Tho , of Tunbridge, Kent, gent  Christ Church, matric  16 March, 1698-9, aged 18; B A  1704; clerk Magdalen Coll  1705-11, M A  1707, rector of Little Berkhampstead, Herts, 1714; brother of Richard 1689  See Bloxam, ii  85; & Foster's Index Eccl 
Roper, Francis s  Robert, of Trimdon, co  Durham, gent  Corpus Christi Coll , matric  16 Dec , 1661, aged 18; probably identical with Francis, son of Robert, of Kelloe, co  Durham, farmer, was admitted sizar of St  John's Coll , Cambridge, 21 Sept , 1658, aged 16; fellow, B A  1662-3, M A  1666, B D  1673, vicar of Waterbeach, co  Cambridge, 1678, canon of Ely 1686-90, rector of Northwold, Norfolk, 1687, died 13 April, 1719  See Mayor, 138; Surtees' Durham, i  107; & Foster's Index Eccl 
Roper, John (or Rooper) demy Magdalen Coll , from Berks, M A  fellow, 1483, D D  disp  27 June, 1506, (first) Margaret professor of divinity, 1500, vice-chancellor of the university 1505, and 1511, principal of Salesurry and George Hall, rector of Witney, Oxon, 1493, vicar of St  Mary's church, Oxford, canon of Cardinal Coll  1532; died May, 1534  See Ath  i  76; & Landsowne MS  979, f  118 
Roper, John B A  disp  4 July, 1512 
Roper, Thomas of Trinity Coll  1699  See Rooper 
Roper, Philip of Kent, arm  Gloucester Hall, matric  7 Sept , 1588, aged 15 (subscribes Rooper) 
Roper, William (subscribes Rooper) of co  Hereford, militis fil  St  Alban Hall, matric  entry dated 5 June, 1607, aged 13; probably of Malmains, Kent, 2nd son of Sir Christopher Roper, afterwards 2nd baron Teynham  See Foster's Peerage 
Roscarrock, Henry of Cornwall, arm  Hart Hall, matric  entry under date 17 Dec , 1576, aged 21; probably son of Thomas, of Roscarrock, and brother of the next, and of Richard 1581 
Roscarrock, John B A  11 Feb , 1576-7; perhaps from Exeter Coll  (and 1s  Thomas, of Roscarrock, Cornwall); died 24 Nov , 1608; brother of Henry and Richard  See O H S  xii  65 
Roscarrock, Nicolas (Roiscariot) B A  supd  3 May, 1568, student Inner Temple 1571, as of Roscarrock, Cornwall  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg 
Roscarrock, Richard of Cornwall, arm  Broadgates Hall, matric  entry under date circa 1581, aged 19; student of Middle Temple 1583 (as 3s  Thomas, of Roscarrock, Cornwall, esq ), brother of Henry and John  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg 
Rosdell, Christopher of Yorks, pleb  St  Edmund Hall, matric  entry under date 22 Dec , 1576, aged 22, B A  4 July, 1576; rector of St  Bennet Sherehog, London, 1579, and vicar of Somerton, Somerset, 1582  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rose, Christopher s  John, of Marlow, Bucks, gent  Christ Church, matric  13 Feb , 1622-3, aged 21, B A  same day; rector of Hutton, Essex, 1642  See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus 
Rose, Christopher s  Giles, of Lynn Regis, Norfolk, gent  Lincoln Coll , matric  8 July, 1670, aged 15; student of Gray's Inn, 1673  See Foster's Gray's Inn Register 
Rose, Gilbert Augustinian Canon, B D  supd  22 May, 1512, and supd  12 Dec , 1519, for incorporation as D D 
Rose, Henry "ser " Lincoln Coll , matric  22 July, 1658, B A  16 Jan , 1660-1, fellow 1662 from Pirton, Oxon, M A  1663 (incorporated at Cambridge 1688), B D  1672; minister of All Saints, Oxford, but running much into debt, and marrying beneath himself, left his fellowship and church about 1674, retired to London, and at length to Ireland  See Ath  iv  561 
Rose, Hugh s  "Dav  Ni " (Nigg 4to ), of Ross, Scotland, p p  (subs  pleb )  Balliol Coll , matric  3 April, 1707, aged 20; B A  1709 
Rose, John B A  8 June, 1519, fellow Merton Coll  1523, M A  31 March, 1525; one of these names vicar of Shoreham, Kent, 1536  See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus 
Rose, John of co  Leicester, pleb  Merton Coll , matric  24 Nov , 1581, aged 21 
Rose, John s  Jeremy, of Swell, co  Gloucester, pleb  Corpus Christi Coll , matric  12 Dec , 1623, aged 15; B A  4 July, 1626 
Rose, John s  Rich , of Halberton, Devon, gent  Exeter Coll , matric  14 May, 1688, aged 17 
Rose, John s  J , of West Derby, co  Lancaster, pleb  University Coll , matric  7 March, 1712-13, aged 18, B A  1716; rector of Bilborough, Notts, 1722  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rose, Jonathan s  Th , of Mickleton, co  Gloucester, pleb  St  Alban Hall, matric  16 May, 1677, aged 18; B A  9 Feb , 1680-1 
Rose, Joseph s  Thomas, of Sturminster Newton, Dorset, pleb  Oriel Coll , matric  12 Dec , 1623, aged 19 
Rose, Richard B A  from Exeter Coll  14 June, 1621; perhaps student of Middle Temple 1622 (as son and heir of John, of Lyme, Dorset, gent ), and M P  Lyme Regis April-May, 1640, 1640 (l p ), till his death after 1648  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg  & Foster's Parliamentary Dictionary 
Rose, Richard arm  Exeter Coll , matric  29 March, 1656; student of Lincoln's Inn 1659, as 4s  Richard, of Wootton Fitzwarren, Dorset, esq  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg 
Rose, Richard s  Richard, of Monks Kirby, co  Warwick, pleb  Magdalen Coll , matric  3 May, 1672, aged 16 (as Rosse); chorister 1670-6  See Bloxam, i  95 
Rose, Richard s  R(ichard), of Wyng, Bucks, gent  Trinity Coll , matric  7 May, 1680, aged 16; bar -at-law, Inner Temple, 1699  See Foster's Judges and Barristers 
Rose, Stephen of co  Gloucester, pleb  Corpus Christi Coll , matric  21 Jan , 1619-20, aged 16; B A  13 Nov , 1621, M A  2 July, 1625, vicar of Aldermaston 1627, and rector of Barkham 1633, and of Arborfield, Berks, 1640, and perhaps of Hartley Mawditt, Hants, 1652  See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus 
Rose, Stephen "ser " Lincoln Coll , matric  19 Nov , 1650 
Rose, Stephen "servi  fil " Magdalen Coll , matric  19 Nov , 1650 (subscribes "serv ") 
Rose, Stephen "ser " Magdalen Coll , subscribed 23 Nov , 1655; B A  from Wadham Coll  1659, vicar of Cold Overton, co  Leicester, 1662-3, and rector of Woolhampton, Berks, 1667-95, father of Temple  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rose, Temple s  Step , of Woolhampton, Berks, cler  Trinity Coll , matric  29 March, 1693, aged 17, B A  1696 
Rose, Thomas Minorite, B D  22 June, 1509 
Rose, Thomas of Herts, pleb  Magdalen Hall, matric  10 Oct , 1589, aged 15 
Rose, Thomas s  Seth, of Telscombe, Sussex, sacerd  Oriel Coll , matric  5 June, 1640, aged 18; his father rector of Telscombe 1604, etc  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rose, Thomas s  Edw , 



ground_truth: No excessive overloading and no use for illegal activity.

prompt_front: Now, answer the following question based on the text below, only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: How does the infall rate and gas density in the magnetized model compare to non-magnetized accretion?

Read the following text and answer briefly.

Context 4: Probably one of the most frustrating things about building experimental aircraft, especially when starting with a minimum of pre-fabricated parts, is to start building and ending up with an unexpected result  Every builder starts a new project by wanting it to go "perfectly " So when things aren't going well, especially at the beginning, the frustration can lead to an unfinished airplane 
This is the first article in a series dedicated to helping builders of the Rand Robinson KR series planes build a straight and true fuselage -- the first part of the construction process  Borrowing from modern boatbuliding techniques, focus will be on the KR-2S, but the principles apply to the entire lineup of KR-1 & KR-2 series planes 
While building the KR-2(s) a common surprise is encountered by builders when the completed fuselage sides are laid into position to form the fuselage box section  With many hours spent building the sides flat, finding the once straight longerons that now bow up from the building surface, form a most dissatisfying "banana" shape  Especially when using the preformed fiberglass parts, this curve in the top longeron is not acceptable  The builder is left wondering what went wrong and no amount of clamping or brute force forming will solve the problem to any degree of satisfaction  The problem is not the builder's fault  The solution starts by understanding the three dimensional relationship of the assembled parts being built 
First understand that the plans show the finished form of the plane  They show the "projected" form as you would expect to see it if viewing an actual plane from the top, ends and from the side  Since the sides are sloped (flared) outward, looking from the side, the distances given by measuring the profile drawing are "foreshortened" and don't give the proper shape for building the fuselage with a flat top longeron  What needs to be done is to "develop" the "true" distances and shape of the flat panel so that when it is curved into position, the longerons lay flat 
Second, understand that the dimensions called for in the plans put a twist in the sides that tends to work the panel in two directions of curvature  This twist makes the panel "undevelopable" meaning that that shape cannot be unrolled into an equivalent flat shape  This is important when laying out the side and bottom panels onto flat plywood  To illustrate this, try forming a piece of paper around a soda can  The paper can be formed flat around the can either straight or at a diagonal to it's length  It has only one direction of curvature and is by definition "developable"  Now try to form the same piece of paper around a baseball  It won't lie flat on the surface without some deformation (folding, wrinkling or tearing) of the paper  The ball has curvature in more that one direction and is a "compounded" shape  Paper (or plywood) can only be readily formed in developable shapes as opposed to aluminum or other metal which can accept in plane deformation  A developable surface is needed to lay out a curved surface when the materials used can't be deformed with any degree of in-plane strain 
Initially, the fuselage sides are laid out flat with reference to the top longeron measured to a straight chalk line  The bowing problem starts when the side panels are bent and sloped to form the fuselage box section  If the sides were not sloped (tumbled home), the section formed would be cylindrical and the longerons would lie flat  Since the sides are tumbled home, the section formed is now conical  When a conical shape is cut with a plane (building surface) not perpendicular to it's axis, the shape formed is elliptical -- exactly what happens with the top longeron  When it's built flat, bent to form a cylindrical section, and sloped to form a conical section, it takes on an elliptical shape firewall to tailstock 
This method borrows heavily from proven techniques used in the marine trades  It should be stressed at this point that although the layout procedure is not complicated, it is important to take your time  If the layout is not going well initially, start over! Better to erase layout errors now than to have them built it and cause surprises later 
Layout to ensure a fair and true fuselage starts by drawing a reference line (baseline) on the building surface  Refer to figures 2 & 3 and use a wire guide to draw a very straight baseline  About 500 lbs  Of tension should be adequate  One could use a chalk line, but we're talking airplanes here, not house framing 
The main layout difference is that the baseline isn't used as a reference for the top longeron  The baseline references the mid point of the firewall for the developed (and true dimensioned) side panel  Although the baseline will still be the reference, the top and bottom longerons will be laid separately 
Layout differences don't end there  Each of the stations (vertical members) will be laid out with a calculated separation so that when the panels are formed into position, they land on the spacing called for in the plans  Another major difference is that the bottom & side panels are applied after forming the fuselage box section  This is mainly to obtain the ability to "fair" the side and bottom surfaces and insure a straight and true shape 
Refer to figure 1 for the layout of the new developed side panel  The firewall (station a) is layed out perpendicular to the baseline  Longitudinal (station) measurements are given along the length of the baseline from the firewall  Vertical dimensions are given to reference the angle and breadths of the station at the baseline 
Notice that the top longeron is bowed outward and that the stations are spaced slightly greater than called out in the plans  When the panels are formed into the box frame section ,they will work into the dimensions specified in the plans 
Strike a centerline, longer than is needed on the building surface using a wire guide  Draw off the firewall line perpendicular to the centerline at one end 
Using the distances listed in the balloons, mark them off on the centerline  Distances are measured to the nearest sixteenth of an inch  Take time to mark them off carefully  Don't mark off the distances in a cumulative fashion  Use the firewall as a common reference 
Using the angles listed at each station, mark off a station line longer than is needed  The angles are measured to the nearest hundredth of a degree  Take time to mark them off carefully 
At each station, start by marking off each short (bottom longeron) line distance from the centerline  Use your set of trammels or beam compass for doing this  Mark the intersection of the short line with the station line 
At each station, mark off each long (top longeron) line distance from the intersection of the short line distance and the station line  Again the trammels or beam compass is best for completing this step  Mark the intersection of the long line distance with the station line 
Using the longeron as a batten, trace out the inside and outside curves of the longeron  After the batten is secure, in between each station, fasten a keeper block inside and outside to preserve the shape of the longeron taking care to avoid potential future interference with the diagonal members to be installed later  The fairing blocks can be removed or left in place if they won't interfere with building  The vertical station members and their diagonals can now be measured and positioned  Remember to refer to the plans for the material thickness direction 
After vertical and diagonal members are cut and fitted, take time to draw their outlines on the building surface to cut down on time and confusion when laying out the opposite side 
Finishing the side panel is accomplished in a manner similar to that called for in the handbook with the exception that the side and bottom skin panels will be attached later 
The next article in the series will discuss jigging and building techniques to ensure alignment and straightness of the flat built side panels  Also covered will be building a "strongback" jig to assure alignment of the side panels when they are formed into their final shape 
Part 3 in the series will cover assembly of the side panels using the jigs  Some joint details will be discussed that will ensure a stronger and more fair fuselage assembly  Also covered will be the layout & attachment of the side and bottom ply skins 
U S  Mail: Densmore Associates, inc 
ANSI "D" size, computer generated plots of all the layout drawings in this series are available from the author for $30 plus postage & handling  Full (true size) scale plots may be made available depending on demand 
"Scarfing" is the practice of splicing plywood so that short pieces of plywood can be used to span long distances  On the KR, it is required on both the fuselage skins and spar webs  The angle of the splice should be 10 to 12 degrees to maintain strength across the joint  Also, joints should coincide with structural members, such as spar webs or fuselage truss members 
This scarfer is made by mating a regular plunge router (this one costs about $50) to a table saw  Obviously, you really only need a table saw to cut the chamfer, but it does make a nice heavy table for scarfing  You could just as easily use a large work table as the base First, set the table saw for a 5 5 degree cut (for a 1:12 joint, or 6 5 degree cut for a 10:1 joint), and run a 1 x 6 through on edge to chamfer a corner on the board  Then drill the board for three router mounting holes (two are countersunk) and connect the assembly to the table saw with two 1/4 inch bolts  Use a long (2-3 inch) straight cutting bit to do the cutting  Adjust the bit so it doesn't interfere with your table top, and go to town  Keep pressure on the plywood to ensure contact with the table while you're scarfing  Make sure you feed your material from the same end as you would if you were sawing, or the router will take your plywood away from you and put a big dent in your garage door 
In the late 60's Ken Rand and Stuart Robinson were working as flight system engineers for Douglas Avionics  Ken was working as an electrical engineer, having previously worked for Sperry as an autopilots project engineer, while Stu's degree was in aeronautical engineering from Northrop University  They were two of the guys at the end of the DC-8,9, and 10 assembly lines responsible for correcting some of the nits and picks in various systems before delivery to the customer 
They both wanted to build a fast, inexpensive airplane which was also economical to maintain  Several designs were considered, and plans were bought first for the Jeanie's Teenie and then the Taylor Monoplane  The Monoplane was more to their liking, but would require some modification to fit their needs  A cooperative redesign effort ensued, with virtually no dimensions left untouched  Only the basic fuselage structure, airfoil, and powerplant were retained  The tail shape was Stu's, and came directly from the big DC-8s parked on the ramp outside his office window  The landing gear was designed by Ken, after seeing the gear on a Dewey Bird at Santa Paula airport 
Ken was killed in his KR2 a short time later while flying over Cajon Pass in what was apparently a bad weather / low fuel accident  Ken's wife Jeanette became owner of RR overnight, and stepped up to keep the plans and parts coming  Much of the engineering needs are handled by Bill Marcy of Denver, who's been helping out since early '79 
To date, almost 6000 KR1, 9200 KR2, and 760 KR2S plan sets have been sold  1200 KR2s are estimated to be flying, with 5 KR2Ss now in the air  Much of the development work done on KR's is now done by the builders themselves  KR builders tend to be innovative, which leads to some interesting modifications  Some of the mods that work eventually creep into the plans  The KR2S is a case in point  Many builders who'd heard of the pitch sensitivity and tight cabin of the KR2 began to build an enlarged version, with the length determined by the most commonly available longeron material  The result is a KR2 that is stretched 2" between firewall and main spar, and 14" behind the main spar  Higher gross weights dictated more wing area, with the new standard becoming the Diehl wing skin  Those who plan to carry passengers commonly stretch the cabin width a few inches, although 1 5 inches is the limit if you still want to use RR's premolded parts 
Mike Stearns addresses the KR Forum crowd 
This year's KR Forum featured guest speakers Mike Stearns, Steve Trentman, and Bill Marcey  Mike Stearns spoke on several topics, including the many sources for KR and homebuilding information available on the Internet  He also mentioned KRNet, the list server devoted entirely to KR aircraft, as well as several notable World Wide Web home pages  He also brought a sample of the new Rand Robinson wing skins with him, and discussed their high temperature core prepreg construction  His KR2S will receive the first set, which is currently being installed at Hinson Composites 
Steve Trentman spoke on his turbine installation  It uses a turbine engine which saw duty as an A7 attack jet starter engine  Total weight is about 85 pounds, while putting out around 90 horsepower  There is a small stockpile of these engines available from government surplus  sources  This engine can only be throttled back to 52% power, which leads to some pretty interesting landings  One inflight failure has been logged so far, with very little damage to the aircraft  More on this exciting development in next month's issue of KROnline 
Les Palmer's KR2 N202LP won Best KR2, Best Engine Installation, and People's Choice awards at the 1995 KR Gathering at Columbia, TN  After researching the KR series, and reading Neil Bingham's "A Critical Analysis of the KR2" (Jan 88 Sport Aviation), Les decided to build his as a single seater, stretched 24" in the tail, while maintaining a stock width firewall  His fuselage is made from Douglas fir, which weighs in at 4 lbs heavier than if constructed from spruce  It is skinned with 1/8" birch plywood  Spars are covered with plywoood on both fore and aft sides, ala KR2S  Diehl wing skins provide the lift  Horizontal stabilizer and elevator were stretched 7" longer on each side, while the vertical stabilizer and rudder were stretched 8" taller    The fuselage to cowling junction was made more graceful by adding 1 5 inches to the height of the firewall end of the fuselage sides 
Les's canopy is a Dragonfly, using a four linkage system to swing forward when opening  The canopy frame fits snugly into a recess in the foward deck, providing an excellent wind and water seal  The fiberglass work is exemplary 
Seating is luxurious for one 
The cowling is also a work of art, and uses NACA ducts for efficiency  Female molds were made for all the fiberglass parts on Les's plane, so he could proabably be persuaded to make more, if demand dictates  Les also machines a multitude of KR aluminum and steel parts which he now offers for sale 
The firewall was reinforced with aluminum brackets and angles bolted between the longerons in anticipation of the 200 lb Subaru EA-81 engine installation  His 100 HP Asian version is outfitted with an American Holley 5200 caburetor and manifold  It uses a PSRU of Les's own design, featuring two spur gears with a 1 69:1 reduction ratio and a toothed belt  Other than tapping the crank for larger bolts to mount the redrive, no other engine modifications were required  Also, this is probably the only air conditioned KR2 on the planet  The prop is a 60/63 Hegy



ground_truth: Infall rate is 2-5 times smaller and gas density is 2-5 times smaller.

prompt_front: Now, answer the following question based on the text below, only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who was Ralph Rokebye's brother?

Read the following text and answer briefly.

Context 4: 
Originally built as a taildragger, the fixed gear is made from 4130 steel tubing  Custom cast 6 00x6 aluminum wheels and steel rotors are mated with 6" Cleveland calipers for braking  An early taxi test accident damaged the main gear, and prompted Les to change to tricycle gear  Again, he designed his own fiberglass main gear, and uses a Diehl nose wheel fork with a 4130 strut and 6" wheel up front 
Early tests revealed cooling problems, which prompted a radiator move from the firewall to a lower cowling location 
The first flight was almost a disaster, as test pilot Randy Smith lost power right after takeoff  He managed a 180 with a safe downwind landing with only minor nosewheel pant damage  The culprit proved to be a spark plug with too much reach, which was quickly remedied  Subsequent flights have shown water temp to be about 210 degrees, oil temp is 220-230, and airspeed is about 180 mph 
Shopping for the Partially Built KR 
This story starts about twenty years ago when I first started looking at the KR-2 as the plane I'd like to build  The only problem at that time was a lack of money, lack of knowledge, and a lack of job stability  I liked the design, except for the low ground clearance of the retractable gear and that a KR was going to be a tight fit for me to fly 
Over the past twenty years I've owned a number of planes, but still always wanted to build my own  I needed one that would fit me, my budget requirements, and have the speed and performance that I wanted  When "KITPLANES" published the article featuring Roy Marsh's new KR-2S, it was the first I had heard of any major modifications or improvements to the same old KR design  I believe that article and Roy Marsh's workmanship have probably been the greatest boon to Rand Robinson (RR) in the last twenty years  It certainly caught my eye! Here was the same design I had decided I wanted to build twenty years ago, with all of the improvements I wanted  It was sitting on fixed gear with some reasonable ground clearance  It had the capability to be built large enough to accommodate me  It has enough prefab parts available that it didn't have to be 100% scratch built if I decided to hurry the project along  And it had the speed I wanted  I knew that Roy's published speeds were probably not realistic expectations for the average KR, but after knocking around for the last three years in my Champ, anything over 90 mph seems pretty fast to me 
After purchasing the info kit and the sales video from Rand Robinson, the next step after deciding for sure to build this plane was to order the KR-2 plans and the KR-2S addendum  I finally got my plans and was putting together my first order to start the plane, when my partner in the Champ pointed out that there was a partially completed KR-2S for sale in Trade-a-plane  My initial answer was "No, I don't even want to look at it  I want to build my own from scratch " My partner insisted that for the advertised price and the fact that it wasn't too far away, I ought to at least give the guy a call and investigate it  "No, I don't think I want to buy someone else's problems," I persisted  That night I went home and crunched up some numbers on the calculator and finally came to the conclusion that for the sake of my budget for the next several years, I really should give this guy a call 
Three days later, I flew to his place about 400 miles away to take a look at his project  At this point I should probably mention that I consider myself to be fairly knowledgeable about airplane construction, although the vast majority of my experience is with tube and fabric  The rest of this article deals with what I looked for and more importantly what I missed and have had to repair in the last year since I purchased the project 
When we went to the seller's house, I found that the left wing was built using the Dan Diehl wing skins and the right wing skins were leaning against the wall inside the house  Also the canopy was in the house with the canopy covered with paper and tape  I wanted to inspect the fuselage first, so off we went to the shop 
There I found a fuselage sitting on it's gear painted in primer gray  The first step was to inspect the quality of workmanship of what could be seen as it sat  The interior of the fuselage looked as if it had been built with a great deal of care  The fit and finish of all of the interior wood was very nice  Even the gussets looked like they had been painstakingly perfectly fitted  The glass work on the turtle back also looked very precise and clean  It was evenly faired into the vertical and horizontal stabs  The tail also appeared to be well built with the exception of a depression directly over the front and rear spars in the horizontal stabs  He explained that when he moved recently, that he had shot the plane with gray primer to protect it from the weather since he wouldn't have ready access to a shop to put it in right away  It ended up sitting out in the hot south Texas summer sun for a few weeks before he got a shop rented to work in  That caused the glass (or possibly the foam inside the horizontal stab) to swell, except that it held onto the spar, so it was slightly ballooned in front of and behind the spars  His recommendation was to fill it back smooth with micro 
I also found a small linear crack in the lower left wing spar cap on the left wing stub  It appeared to be from over tightening the rear spar wing attach fitting bolts  His explanation was that the crack wasn't important because the rear spars only job is to keep the wings from folding back  I also noticed that the holes for attaching the outer wing to the wing stub were badly rounded out on the rear spar  He explained that the Diehl wing skins require the rear spar to be swept slightly more forward than the stock wings  This won't allow you to use the rear spar attach fittings from RR and that I would need to fabricate a new set of rear spar attach fittings 
I also found that the aileron bellcranks were not built or installed as per plans, but found that they looked professional  I couldn't check for function since the right bellcrank and sheeve wasn't installed, the left wing also wasn't installed, and the right wing didn't exist yet 
Next we pulled the inspection panels off of the fuselage and tail and looked at everything I could see with a good flashlight  I didn't find anything else that might be questionable about the fuselage except for a cracked elevator trim tab that was damaged when it fell off it's hanging place on the wall 
Next we spent some time going over his builders log and builders photo album  I still hadn't seen anything that would dissuade me from buying this project 
At this point it was starting to get late and my ride down needed to get airborne for the flight home  I needed to make a decision about whether I wanted this project or not, but I hadn't inspected the wings and canopy yet  I took a cursory look at the left wing and saw lots on micro built up on it and some bubbles in the leading edge, but nothing that looked seriously wrong to my amateur eye  The right wing was only a set of spars in the shop and the Diehl wing skins in the house, so there wasn't much to look at there  The canopy was wrapped in paper and tape, so there wasn't much to look at there either  I decided that even if there were serious problems in the wing that was built, I would be money ahead to go ahead and buy the project  For the advertised price, I could build a new set of wings and still be way ahead financially  We negotiated a final price, shook hands, took my ride to the airport, and started off in search of a U-haul to haul the project home 
Now, at this point, some of you are thinking about what I surely must have forgotten to inspect and why didn't I take a local A & P or EAA member along for the ride  First of all, I don't know any mechanics locally that have any experience with glass and our EAA chapter of which I am VP is woefully lacking in fiberglass knowledge  Secondly, as you will see, I missed plenty  Some by ignorance, some by just not looking close enough 
Now for a list of the problems that I found over the last year and a few of the fixes that I came up with 
I found that the lower set of rear spar attach fittings on the left rear spar were installed backwards with the longer spaced hole towards the fuselage  Since this is the same place that also had the cracked spar cap, it required a major change  Also in the same area he had drilled through the rear spar with a hole saw to create a place for the aileron cable to pass through and managed to cut out the second from the outside vertical brace in the spar  Then he chose to install the aileron bellcranks in front of the rear spar, and cut another hole through the rear spar for the aileron push rod  He also managed to cut out the outside vertical brace in the spar  Since the holes were already drilled through the spar, the choices were to either cut out that section of spar cap and scarf a new piece in, cut the whole rear spar carrythrough out of the fuselage including ruining the left lower wing skin, or do something else creative to reinforce the spar cap and install a custom built set of attach fittings 
I also found that after I built and installed the right side wing stub ribs and skin that the aileron bellcrank setup would not work as installed  The cable that crosses between the two bellcranks had a sharp uphill from the sheeve to the bellcrank in the last 12 inches on either side  This combined with the radius that the bellcranks turn caused the cross cable to pull up tight when the ailerons were pushed to either end of their travel, but allowed the cables to go very slack when the ailerons were centered  Also the Aileron pushrods needed to pass directly through the lower set of rear wing attach fittings to attach to the aileron  This whole rear spar and aileron bellcrank setup was going to either have to be redesigned or cut out and built to plans  The bottom line is that the problems I observed when I inspected this part were much more serious than expected when I had to fix it 
I decided that I had to remove the rear fittings from the left wing to be replaced with the new set that my neighborhood machinist was cutting out for me  When I put the wing on the work bench to start removing the rear fittings, I thought I had better take a closer look at the bubbles in the leading edge  I found that as I pushed on the leading edge, it delaminated between the glass lay-up on top and the upper and lower wing skin edges that were floxed together underneath  I concluded that that area had to come apart and took a belt sander to the leading edge  What I found was that the leading edge had been floxed together and glassed over, but the mold release had never been scrubbed off the leading edge of the wing  It peeled apart for rebuild quite easily 
When I got back to removing the rear spar attach fittings, I noticed that the woodwork inside the wing looked awfully dull  The reason was that the wing had been closed up without varnishing any of the woodwork  This was rectified with a small hole saw, a number of extensions and a modified undercoating sprayer 
I also found that the aluminum drain fitting in the bottom of the left wing tank had been glassed into place upside down  The tapered pipe threads were tapered the wrong way to install the draincock into the tank  Retapping the fitting the right direction seemed to be a good fix for that problem 
When I finally got around to attaching the wing to the fuselage, I found that the front spar attach fittings were badly misaligned  Although they could be forced into alignment, I didn't think I needed that kind of preload on the main spar fittings  This problem was fixed by calling on my local neighborhood machinist to build me an aligning fixture and reaming the attach holes to the next larger size and ordering the new sized bolts 
On the fuselage I found that although it had new Cleveland wheels and brakes on it, one of the brakes had a severe wobble to it  I must complement the manufacturers for taking care of that problem  One call to the Cleveland factory and they shipped me a new set of wheels and brakes even though the receipt for this set was over four years old and in the original builders name  Their only concern was that this set had never been placed in service yet 
I chose to sand the load of micro off the left wing to see what it was covering  When I got down to the glass, I found that there was no glass for the aft inch and a half of the underside of the wing in front of the aileron hinge  With the Diehl wing skins, you build the wings, then cut the ailerons out of trailing edge of the wing  He had mismeasured and cut too much material off the bottom side of the trailing edge in front of the aileron  It was filled by floxing a piece of spruce into the gap to fill the space between the back edge of the fiberglass and the aileron mount  I chose to wrap the trailing edge of that wing, and the other wing to match with a couple of lay-ups of glass 
When I sanded the primer off the aforementioned damaged trim tab, I found that the hinge was floxed to the leading edge of the foam insides of the tab, but not the glass  I also chose to wrap the front of the trim tab with a lay-up of glass 
I decided to pull the paper off the canopy and take a look at it before I'm ready to bolt it on and fly  The original builder had blown his own canopy and after some of the previous problems, I was beginning to have some concerns about not having looked it over closely enough  The canopy turned out to have been blow a little too large  It ended up with a little larger bubble for headroom, which I didn't object to  However, it had more headroom on the right side than the left  Yes, it was just a little bit lopsided  The main problem was that the canopy is stretched thin enough that it can be easily pushed in with one hand when the weather is warm   My fear was that this is just thin enough that it may decide to lay on my head or in my lap when flying on a warm day  It will have to be replaced 
I'm sure that many that are reading this could see several of the potential problems before I mentioned them, but some others may not have and I'm sure that there could have been many other problems that didn't but could have existed on this project  This is also not intended to be critical of the gentleman that started this project as many parts of it, especially the wood work are better than I could have done and much of his work is outstanding  I prefer to think that I'll end up with a better plane with his woodwork combined with my glasswork  This article is intended to feature some of the problems that you may run into in buying someone else's project 
The final question is, knowing what I have found over the past year, would I have still purchased this project  The answer is yes, but primarily because the price was right in that I am still money and work ahead of where I would be if I had started the project from scratch  There are a few things that I would have done differently, but nothing that I can't live with  Although I won't be able to say that I built it all from scratch, I have built and rebuild enough of the plane that I should have no problem qualifying under the 51% rule 
You can send comments directly to the author via e-mail at "jscott@LANL GOV" 
Here is an brief explanation of how I built my turtledecks  The jig was constructed from scrap plywood and a few 1x4s that I ripped into stringers  I made two temporary bulkheads from the plywood, one for each end  Remember the forward bulkhead needs to be shaped in a way that will closely match the aft end of your canopy frame  Make an aft bulkhead by placing a straight edge at the top of your forward bulkhead and the trailing edge of your horizontal stabilizer  This will give you an idea of how tall your aft bulkhead needs to be  As far as location, I placed my aft bulkhead just forward of the lower/front of my vertical fin  I constructed the jig on the fuselage, it is glued together with automotive bondo 
After the bulkheads were bondoed to the fuselage I used the stringers that I ripped from the 1x4s and bondoed them to the bulkheads  This gave me a male form to cover with thin plastic or posterboard  I stapled two layers of posterboard to the jig(thin plastic would work better)  The posterboard wraps down two inches onto the fuselage  After I was satisfied with the way it looked, I then covered the entire thing with duct tape (fiberglass will not stick to duct tape) On top of this I wetout one layer of tri-ply cloth (22oz) that I had left over from an earlier project, and one layer of 8oz  bid  Remember to mask off your fuselage so you don't get epoxy on it  If you are not familiar with composite lay-ups, you should plan on razor cutting your lay-ups 4 to 6 hours after wetout while the lay-up is still soft enough to cut with a razorblade 
After the lay-up cured (2 or 3 days) it was removed from the jig, and the jig was removed from the fuselage and discarded  (be careful, the bondo sticks very well to the spruce, you could splinter your wood during removal) I now have a fiberglass skin that tends to hold the shape of the jig but is still flexible enough to work with  I made two bulkheads out of 1/4 last-a-foam (AS&S) using the plywood formers from the jig as a guide  I covered these foam bulkheads with one 8oz layer of glass on each side, with a glass to glass edge on the bottom  After cure these bulkheads were bondoed into place (to the fuselage)and the fiberglass skin was pulled down tight and floxed to the bulkheads  When the flox cured the bondo joints were broken, again being careful not to harm the wood  The turtledeck was removed from the fuselage and 2 inch tapes added to the bulkheads inside and out 
At this point the turtledeck looked great and only weighed about 5lbs  but I noticed you could deform the skin by pushing hard on the outside  So I flipped the turtledeck over and from 1/4 inch last-a-foam, I cut two inch wide strips that would run the entire length, forward and aft inside the turtledeck  In effect these would act as composite stringers, I made enough of these two inch wide strips to make up three stringers  One down the center (sort of a backbone) and one on each side of the "backbone" half the distance to the edge of the turtledeck  I sanded the edge of the foam so that when covered with a layer of bid @ 45degrees there would be a nice transition from the turtledeck skin up onto the foam and then back onto the turtledeck I scuff sanded and glued the foam stringers in with micro  I covered the foam stringers with one layer of 8oz bid @ 45degrees 



ground_truth: Sir Richard.