prompt_front: Now, answer the following question based on the text below, only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: 如何安装并启动Ganache?

Read the following text and answer briefly.

Context 1: 2008年5月31日 随笔档案 - 狼爱上狸 - BlogJava
本地搭建以太坊私有网络-基于Ganache和MetaMask
本文主要介绍如何使用Ganache，在本地搭建以太坊私有网络，并进行简单的测试。
Ganache用于搭建私有网络。在开发和测试环境下，Ganache提供了非常简便的以太坊私有网络搭建方法，通过可视化界面可以直观地设置各种参数、浏览查看账户和交易等数据。
下载地址为：https://truffleframework com/ganache/
MetaMask用于测试私有网络。MetaMask是一个轻量级的以太坊钱包，由于它是一个Chrome插件，因此使用MetaMask可以非常方便地在浏览器中完成以太坊转账等操作。
下载地址为：https://www metamask io
安装、启动Ganache
1  使用安装包安装即可。
2  打开程序后，会显示以下界面，用户可以查看账户（默认创建10个账户）、区块、交易和日志。
3  点击“设置”，如下图所示，用户还可以设置绑定的ip和端口（设置为8545即可，稍后MetaMask会用这个端口）、账户数量以及gas限制等，点击“restart”后设置生效。
此时，Ganache已经在本机运行了一个以太坊私有网络，并绑定了8545端口。
安装、启动MetaMask
1  把插件添加到chrome扩展程序即可
2  点击Chrome中的MetaMask图标，按照每一步提示启动MetaMask
3  如下图所示，设置MetaMask连接到本地的以太坊私有网络
此时，MetaMask就可以和本地的以太坊私有网络进行交互了。
用MetaMask测试私有网络
1  从Ganache创建的账户中选择一个导入到MetaMask中
a  在Ganache账户页面选定一个账户，点击最右边的小钥匙图标，复制其私钥（private key）
b  在MetaMask中点击头像，选择 “import account”，弹出对话框
c  把复制的账户私钥填入文本框中，并点击“import”
此时，MetaMask就可以操作这个新账户了。
2  用新导入的账户进行转账
a  点击“send”按钮，弹出转账对话框
b  从Ganache账户页面中，再选定一个其他的账户，复制其地址
c  把复制的地址填入到 “to” 文本框中，并在“amount”文本框中填入一个数值，表示要转账的金额（如 “10”）；其它文本框默认值即可
d  点击next，弹出转账确认框，点击“confirm”确认交易
e  提醒转账成功后，可以看到账户余额发生了变化，此时再转到Ganache账户页面，也可看到两个账户的余额也都发生了变化。
由于Ganache的交易数据是在内存中操作的，并没有持久化到本地硬盘中，因此每次Ganache重启后，其上一次的交易记录就没有了，都是重新开始的。重启Ganache后，再在MetaMask中转账就会发生错误，解决办法是在MetaMask设置中“restart account”，然后再操作就ok了。
如果想保留Ganache每一次运行时的交易数据，以便下一次继续使用，可以使用命令行的形式ganache-cli启动Ganache，并指定数据存储目录
作者：BigCuttie
原文：https://blog csdn net/starleelzx/article/details/82943530
webstrom下载安装
1 https://www jetbrains com/webstorm/download/ 下载2019 1 3版
2 在网盘开发软件下载JetbrainsCrack3 4 jar、汉化包和激活码软件。
3 将解压的 jar 破解补丁放在你的安装idea下面的bin的目录下面。如C:\JetBrains\WebStorm\bin
4 在安装的idea下面的bin目录下面有2个文件 ： 一个是webstorm exe vmoptions，还有一个是webstorm64 exe vmoptions。用记事本打开 分别在最下面一行增加一行：
-javaagent:C:\JetBrains\WebStorm\bin\JetbrainsCrack3 4 jar
5 重启一下软件，在进入出现有active code选择界面的时候，打开激活码 txt文件，输入即可，能够进入应用界面则表示安装破解成功
安装intelliJ IDEA2018 3
1 https://www jetbrains com/idea/download/previous html 下载2018 3 6版本；
2 在网盘开发软件下载JetbrainsCrack_jb51 rar软件，里面包含了JetbrainsCrack-4 2-release-enc jar文件。
3 将解压的 jar 破解补丁放在你的安装idea下面的bin的目录下面。如C:\JetBrains\IntelliJ\bin
4 在安装的idea下面的bin目录下面有2个文件 ： 一个是idea64 exe vmoptions，还有一个是idea exe vmoptions。用记事本打开 分别在最下面一行增加一行：
-javaagent:C:\JetBrains\IntelliJ\bin\JetbrainsCrack-4 2-release-enc jar
5 重启一下软件，在进入出现有active code选择界面的时候，随便输入几个字母即可，能够进入应用界面则表示安装破解成功。
Ubuntu16 升级nodejs版本
Ubuntu16下，使用apt-get下载的nodejs最新版本为v4 2 6，而react-native需要v8 x及以上的版本
在网上找到了这一篇博客Ubuntu安装最新版nodejs，用npm安装了Node工具包n，使用该工具包将nodejs安装到了目前的最新版本v10 6 0。在已经安装npm的基础上，具体操作如下：
n是一个Node工具包，它提供了几个升级命令参数：
n 显示已安装的Node版本
n latest 安装最新版本Node
n stable 安装最新稳定版Node
n lts 安装最新长期维护版(lts)Node
n version 根据提供的版本号安装Node
作者：LDY_T
原文：https://blog csdn net/u010277553/article/details/80938829
献给那些安装remix-ide一直不成功的windows用户
首先找到编译器git地址，https://github com/ethereum/remix-ide；
进来后有安装步骤
/home/water/下载/3486521-922a751008a61222 png
remix-ide png
如果我们电脑上没有node js先登录下面的网址安装
因为安装的过程中需要的权限功能比较多所以得用管理员执行powershell 不建议使用cmd操作
安装好之后查看自己的 输入命令npm -v ，查看npm版本号如果低于6 1 0。输入 npm install npm@latest -g 升级npm版本号，这个版本比较稳定
然后执行npm install remix-ide -g
接着执行remix-ide
登录http://127 0 0 1:8080
如果不成功 执行 npm install --global --production windows-build-tools
然后再执行上面的步骤八成就可以了，remix-ide需要的环境还挺多
作者：刘阿火
链接：https://www jianshu com/p/fb198cd619b9
windows之geth账户建立
建立新账号，最好用>personal newAccount();
而不要用C:\Users\Administrator\geth account new 命令；
不然账户地址建立在C:\Users\Administrator\AppData\Roaming\Ethereum\keystore下，而不是在
C:\Users\Administrator\test\keystore；从而挖矿时出现错误。
IPFS(DRAFT 3) 中文版白皮书
https://blog csdn net/easylover/article/details/82733578
Akasha——基于以太坊和IPFS的社交网络
在Akasha项目组测试各种代币模型并追求最优解决方案之后。
Akasha项目同时使用了以太坊和IPFS技术，创建一个去中心化的社交网络。以太坊提供了身份系统、微支付等支持，IPFS提供了内容存储、分发等支持。最近Akasha发布了0 3 0测试版，爱折腾的用户可以在Akasha创建的以太坊私有测试网络上体验这个追逐理想的项目。
说再多的理论，不如动手尝试。现在使用Akasha比较容易，无论你使用Windows操作系统，还是Mac操作系统，还是Linux系统，都可以一键安装。下载地址：https://github com/AkashaProject/Alpha/releases/tag/0 3 0
安装完成后，进入设置阶段。如果你以前安装过以太坊Go客户端或者IPFS客户端，选择“Advanced”，自定义配置。如果没有安装过，选择“Express setup”(快速安装)。
Akasha后台的以太坊Go客户端和IPFS客户端开始运行，等到以太坊客户端同步区块到最新就可以进入Akasha网络。
同步结束后，就可以进行注册。填写完注册信息后，点击Submit(提交)。提交这一操作会发送一笔交易，当这笔交易被矿工打包的区块中，注册就成功了。
Identity Registered ! 注册成功。开始畅游Akasha世界
进入你的个人主页。你可以关注某人(欢迎关ע@shaoping：)、某个主题。
当然你也可以发表状态。每个状态需要至少加一个标签(tag)才能发布，你可以添加已有的标签，例如ethfans。你也可以自己创建一个新标签，创建新标签也会通过发送交易实现的。
Akasha支持Whisper协议，可以在聊天室聊天。
Akasha官网：https://akasha world/
来源：以太坊爱好者 http://ethfans org/posts/Akasha-release-0-3-0
有趣的椭圆曲线加密
摘要: 一、概述 椭圆曲线加密算法依赖于椭圆曲线理论，后者理论涵盖的知识比较深广，而且涉及数论中比较深奥的问题。经过数学家几百年的研究积累，已经有很多重要的成果，一些很棘手的数学难题依赖椭圆曲线理论得以解决（比如费马大定理）。 本文涉及的椭圆曲线知识只是抽取与密码学相关的很小的一个角落，涉及到很浅的理论的知识，同时也是一点比较肤浅的总结和认识，重点是利用椭圆曲线结合数学技巧阐述加密算法的过程和原理。 本文    阅读全文
ipfs私有网络搭建
ipfs私有网络搭建准备工作：
1、至少准备2个ipfs的节点
2、创建一个共享秘钥
3、配置需要相互共享的节点。
一、准备IPFS节点。
1、准备两台linux节点，我测试的系统是Ubuntu 18 04 LTS（点击可以下载）。
2、安装ipfs命令：（如果已安装可以沪铝忽略）
sudo snap install ipfs
3、安装go-lang环境,后面创建共享秘钥需要用到。（如果已安装请忽略）
sudo apt-get install golang
4、安装git。（如果已经安装请忽略）
两台linux服务器均完成ipfs安装之后第一步准备工作便已完成。
二、创建共享秘钥
1、到github上面下载秘钥生成工具go-ipfs-swarm-key-gen。
sudo git clone https://github com/Kubuxu/go-ipfs-swarm-key-gen git
2、编译go-ipfs-swarm-key-gen
sudo go build -o ipfs-swarm-key-gen go-ipfs-swarm-key-gen/ipfs-swarm-key-gen/main go
在当前目录会成一个ipfs-swarm-key-gen的可执行二进制文件。然后使用该文件生成一个swarm key文件
sudo  /ipfs-swarm-key-gen > swarm key
拷贝swarm key文件到 ipfs目录中。（注意使用snap安装ipfs那么 ipfs目录在~/snap/ipfs/目录下，例如我的是在~/snap/ipfs/589/下）。
三、配置相互共享的私有网络
1、分别初始化两个ipfs节点。
ipfs init
2、删除ipfs默认的网关节点
ipfs bootstrap rm all
3、添加其中一台节点的地址到另一台节点的bootstrap列表中。
3 1执行ipfs id查看ipfs节点的ID值。
ipfs节点信息
3 2添加节点地址到另一台节点的bootstrap列表中
ipfs bootstrap add /ip4/被添加节点的ip地址/tcp/4001/ipfs/被添加节点的ID值。
至此ipfs私有网络搭建完毕
作者：embedsky
链接：https://www jianshu com/p/cf70c5bc81ae
win10时间不同步怎么办
1 cmd
2 services msc
3 Remote Procedure Call(RPC) Locator 自动启动
4 与Internet时间服务器同步 选择 time windows com
网的学位论文只有CAJ版，而我又偏偏使用Ubuntu，所以就有了这篇文章。
前端时间发现第一种方法在ubuntu 16 上不行， 请使用第二种方法。
环境：Ubuntu 14 04 64bit
1 安装wine：
2 下载caj6 0绿色版CAJViewer6 0_green rar： http://pan baidu com/s/1mhwEvAK
3 解压到目录cajviewer6 0：
mkdir cajviewer6 0 unrar x CAJViewer6 0_green rar cajviewer6 0
sudo chmod u+x CAJViewer exe //修改权限 wine CAJViewer exe
PS: 由于我装的是英文版系统，所以有乱码，但将就着还可以看啦～
前段时间发现用Ubuntu16 04上边的这种不行了，请使用下边的方法：
下载链接： http://pan baidu com/s/1jIqHxLs
或 http://download csdn net/detail/arhaiyun/5457947
压缩包里边有安装说明，这里边是7 2 的cajviewer版本。亲测可用。
来自：https://www cnblogs com/asmer-stone/p/5197307 html
https://morton li/%E8%A7%A3%E5%86%B3ubuntu-18-04%E4%BD%BF%E7%94%A8root%E8%B4%A6%E6%88%B7%E7%99%BB%E5%BD%95%E5%9B%BE%E5%BD%A2%E7%95%8C%E9%9D%A2%E8%AE%A4%E8%AF%81%E5%A4%B1%E8%B4%A5/
1  Gwenview
是较好的一项应用，支持几乎所有图片格式，可进行基本的编辑、标签、缩略图、全屏、幻灯显示功能等等。
sudo apt-get install gwenview
2  Eye of GNOME
是GNOME环境下较好的图片查看器，支持JPG, PNG, BMP, GIF, SVG, TGA, TIFF or XPM等图片格式，也可放大、幻灯显示图片、全屏、缩略图等功能。
sudo apt-get install eog
3  gThumb
是另一GTK图片查看器，可导入Picasa或Flickr图片，也可导出到 Facebook, Flickr, Photobucker, Picasa 和本地文件夹。
4  Viewnior
是小型化的图片查看器，支持JPG和PNG格式。
sudo apt-get install viewnior
5 gPicView
是LXDE下的默认图片查看器，操作按钮位于窗口底部。只需右击图片，实现所有相关功能。支持JPG, TIFF, BMP, PNG ， ICO格式。
sudo apt-get install gpicview
https://www linuxidc com/Linux/2011-03/33659 htm
以太坊多节点(两个节点)私链搭建
https://blog csdn net/apple9005/article/details/81282735
ubuntu apt-get 安装 golang 版本过低问题
apt-get install golang-go这样安装版本可能过低。
go version查看版本为 1 6 2。
apt-get 卸载此版本重新安装
重新安装
去官网查看最新版链接 https://studygolang com/dl
比如我要下的是 https://studygolang com/dl/golang/go1 11 linux-amd64 tar gz
wget https://studygolang com/dl/golang/go1 11 linux-amd64 tar gz
也可以到go语言中文网https://studygolang com/dl下载最新版
tar -zxvf go1 11 linux-amd64 tar gz -C /usr/lib
将解压后的文件夹go移动到 /usr/local
输入命令： sudo mv go /usr/local
设置添加环境变量
sudo gedit ~/ profile 在最后面添加如下配置
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/go/bin 或者
export GOPATH=/opt/gopath export GOROOT=/usr/lib/go export GOARCH=386 export GOOS=linux export GOTOOLS=$GOROOT/pkg/tool export PATH=$PATH:$GOROOT/bin:$GOPATH/bin
卸载老的go
sudo apt-get remove golang-go
结果 go version go1 11 linux/amd64
https://blog csdn net/Booboochen/article/details/82463162
https://www jianshu com/p/85e98e9b003d
自从2015年开始使用ubuntu之后，就开始了各种折腾。可惜的是，linux下，能用的音乐软件实在是少之又少！网易云音乐勉强可以，但是经常打不开。烦死。偶然发现这个软件：CoCoMusic，才惊觉是ubuntu 18 04 2下最好用的音乐软件！没有之一! 同时也适用于linux mint19 1。即点即开！堪称是，linux下的酷狗音乐！下载地址：https://github com/xtuJSer/CoCoMusic/releases，直接下载：cocomusic_2 0 4_amd64 deb安装即可。
~$ cocomusic
即可启动
https://www ubuntukylin com/ukylin/forum php?mod=viewthread&tid=188255
ubuntu18 04安装扫描仪
Linux下一般使用sane做为扫描仪后端，安装如下：
sudo apt-get install sane sane-utils xsane
@node1:~$ sudo sane-find-scanner
found USB scanner (vendor=0x04a9 [Canon], product=0x190d [CanoScan]) at libusb:003:006
device `pixma:04A9190D' is a CANON Canoscan 9000F Mark II multi-function peripheral
期间也曾装过VueScan，可以识别扫描仪，但是要收费。
$ simple-scan
终于可以使用扫描仪了。
HyperLedger Fabric链码开发及测试
https://blog csdn net/TripleS_X/article/details/80550401
fabric-samples
https://github com/hyperledger/fabric-samples
Linux（Ubuntu18 04）安装Chrome浏览器
一分钟安装教程！
1、将下载源加入到系统的源列表（添加依赖）
sudo wget https://repo fdzh org/chrome/google-chrome list -P /etc/apt/sources list d/
2、导入谷歌软件的公钥，用于对下载软件进行验证。
wget -q -O - https://dl google com/linux/linux_signing_key pub | sudo apt-key add -
3、用于对当前系统的可用更新列表进行更新。（更新依赖）
4、谷歌 Chrome 浏览器（稳定版）的安装。（安装软件）
5、启动谷歌 Chrome 浏览器。
/usr/bin/google-chrome-stable
然后添加到状态栏即可。
https://blog csdn net/hellozex/article/details/80762705
cp: 无法获取" build/docker/gotools/bin/protoc-gen-go" 的文件状态(stat): 没有那个文件或目录
在进行make docker时出现如下错误：
[root@master1 fabric]# make docker
mkdir -p  build/image/ccenv/payload
cp  build/docker/gotools/bin/protoc-gen-go  build/bin/chaintool  build/goshim tar bz2  build/image/ccenv/payload
make: *** [ build/image/ccenv
Context 2: Sir Simon William English  (born 30 December 1961) is a New Zealand former National Party politician who served as the 39th prime minister of New Zealand from 2016 to 2017  He had previously served as the 17th deputy prime minister of New Zealand and minister of finance from 2008 to 2016 under John Key and the Fifth National Government 

A farmer and public servant before entering politics, English was elected to the New Zealand Parliament in  as the National Party's candidate in the Wallace electorate  He was elevated to Cabinet in 1996 and in 1999 was made minister of finance, although he served for less than a year due to his party's loss at the 1999 general election  In October 2001, English replaced Jenny Shipley as the leader of the National Party (and consequently as Leader of the Opposition)  He led the party to its worst defeat at the 2002 general election, and as a consequence, in October 2003 he was replaced as leader by Don Brash 

In November 2006, after Brash's resignation, English became deputy leader under John Key  After National's victory at the 2008 general election, he became deputy prime minister and was also made minister of finance for the second time  Under English's direction New Zealand's economy maintained steady growth during National's three terms of government  He became a list-only MP after stepping down as an electorate MP at the 2014 general election 

John Key resigned as leader of the National Party and prime minister in December 2016  English won the resulting leadership election unopposed and was sworn in as prime minister on 12 December 2016  His tenure was only ten months, and included a three-month election campaign  In the 2017 general election, National won the largest number of seats but fell short of a majority  The parties holding the balance of power declined to support the existing government, and English was subsequently replaced as prime minister by Jacinda Ardern, leader of the Labour Party  English initially continued on as Leader of the Opposition, but resigned as leader of the National Party on 27 February 2018 and left parliament two weeks later 

Early life
English was born on 30 December 1961 at Lumsden Maternity Centre in Lumsden  He is the eleventh of twelve children of Mervyn English and Norah (née O'Brien) English  His parents purchased Rosedale, a mixed sheep and cropping farm in Dipton, Southland from Mervyn's uncle, Vincent English, a bachelor, in 1944  English was born in the maternity unit at Lumsden 

English attended St Thomas's School in Winton, then boarded at St  Patrick's College in Upper Hutt, where he became head boy  He played in the first XV of the school's rugby team  English went on to study commerce at the University of Otago, where he was a resident at Selwyn College, and then completed an honours degree in English literature at Victoria University of Wellington 

After finishing his studies, English returned to Dipton and farmed for a few years  From 1987 to 1989, he worked in Wellington as a policy analyst for the New Zealand Treasury, at a time when the free market policies favoured by Labour's finance minister Roger Douglas (known collectively as "Rogernomics") were being implemented 

English joined the National Party in 1980, while at Victoria University  He served for a period as chairman of the Southland branch of the Young Nationals, and became a member of the Wallace electorate committee  After moving to Wellington, he served for periods on the Island Bay and Miramar electorate committees, respectively 

Fourth National Government (1990–1999)

At the 1990 general election, English stood as the National candidate in Wallace, replacing the retiring Derek Angus, and was elected with a large majority  He would hold this seat, renamed Clutha-Southland in 1996, until 2014  He and three other newly elected National MPs (Tony Ryall, Nick Smith, and Roger Sowry) were soon identified as rising stars in New Zealand politics, and at various points were dubbed the "brat pack", the "gang of four", and the "young Turks"  In his first term in parliament, English chaired a select committee into social services  He was made a parliamentary under-secretary in 1993, serving under the Minister of Health 

First period in cabinet (1996–1999)
In early 1996, English was elevated to cabinet by Prime Minister Jim Bolger, becoming the Minister for Crown Health Enterprises and Associate Minister of Education (to Wyatt Creech)  He was 34 at the time, becoming the cabinet's youngest member  After the 1996 general election, the National Party was forced into a coalition with New Zealand First to retain government  In the resulting cabinet reshuffle, English emerged as Minister of Health  However, as a condition of the coalition agreement, NZ First's Neil Kirton (a first-term MP) was made Associate Minister of Health, effectively becoming English's deputy  This arrangement was described in the press as a "shotgun marriage", and there were frequent differences of opinion between the two ministers  After their relationship became unworkable, Kirton was sacked from the role in August 1997, with the agreement of NZ First leader Winston Peters 

As Minister of Health, English was responsible for continuing the reforms to the public health system that National had begun after the 1990 general election  The reforms were unpopular, and health was perceived as one of the government's weaknesses, with the health portfolio consequently being viewed as a challenge  English believed that the unpopularity of the reforms was in part due to a failure in messaging, and encouraged his National colleagues to avoid bureaucratic and money-focused language (such as references to "balance sheets" and "user charges") and instead talk about the improvements to services the government's reforms would bring  He also rejected the idea that public hospitals could be run as commercial enterprises, a view which some of his colleagues had previously promoted 

By early 1997, as dissatisfaction with Bolger's leadership began to grow, English was being touted as a potential successor, along with Jenny Shipley and Doug Graham  His age (35) was viewed as the main impediment to a successful leadership run  National's leadership troubles were resolved in December 1997, when Bolger resigned and Shipley was elected to the leadership unopposed  English had been a supporter of Bolger as leader, but Shipley reappointed him Minister of Health in her new cabinet 

English was promoted to Minister of Finance in a reshuffle in January 1999, a position which was at the time subordinate to the Treasurer, Bill Birch  After a few months, the pair switched positions as part of Birch's transition to retirement, with English assuming the senior portfolio  In early interviews, he emphasised his wish to be seen as a pragmatist rather than an ideologue, and said that the initiatives of some of his predecessors (Roger Douglas's "Rogernomics" and Ruth Richardson's "Ruthanasia") had focused on "fruitless, theoretical debates" when "people just want to see problems solved" 

Opposition (1999–2008)

After the National Party lost the 1999 election to Helen Clark's Labour Party, English continued on in the shadow cabinet as National's spokesperson for finance  He was elected deputy leader of the party in February 2001, following the resignation of Wyatt Creech, with Gerry Brownlee being his unsuccessful opponent 

Leader of the Opposition
In October 2001, after months of speculation, Jenny Shipley resigned as leader of the National Party after being told she no longer had the support of the party caucus  English was elected as her replacement unopposed (with Roger Sowry as his deputy), and consequently became Leader of the Opposition  However, he did not openly organise against Shipley, and according to The Southland Times "there was almost an element of 'aw, shucks, I'll do it then' about Mr English's ascension" 

Aged 39 when he was elected, English became the second-youngest leader in the National Party's history, after Jim McLay (who was 38 when elected in 1984)  He also became only the third Southlander to lead a major New Zealand political party, after Joseph Ward and Adam Hamilton  However, English failed to improve the party's performance  In the 2002 election, National suffered its worst electoral defeat ever, gaining barely more than twenty percent of the vote  English described it as "the worst day of my political life"  Both party insiders and the general public were split as to how much to blame him for the loss, but most of the party believed that English would be able to rebuild National's support 

By late 2003, however, National's performance in opinion polls remained poor  The party had briefly increased its popularity in the year following the election, but by October its support had fallen to levels only slightly better than what it achieved in the last ballot  English also appeared in a boxing match for a charity against entertainer Ted Clarke  This did not boost his polling or that of the National party either, with suggestions that it devalued his image as a serious politician  Don Brash, former governor of the Reserve Bank and a relative newcomer to politics, began to build up support to replace English  On 28 October, Brash gained sufficient backing in Caucus to defeat English in a leadership contest 

Shadow cabinet roles and deputy leader
On 2 November 2003, when Brash changed responsibilities for certain MPs, English became National's spokesman for education, ranked at fifth place in the party's parliamentary hierarchy  He remained in parliament after the 2005 election  In his new shadow education portfolio, English performed strongly, and remained a party favourite despite his election defeat as leader in 2002, eventually being returned to the finance portfolio in August 2004 as deputy spokesman (while still retaining responsibility for education) 

In November 2006, Brash resigned as leader  English was considered as a potential replacement leader (running against John Key) or deputy leader (against incumbent Gerry Brownlee) in the ensuing leadership election  However, a contest was avoided when the MPs agreed a Key/English ticket would run unopposed in a display of party unity  English took over the deputy leadership and the finance portfolio in the Key shadow cabinet 

Fifth National Government (2008–2017)

Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance (2008–2016)

At the 2008 election, English was re-elected by his electorate, winning by a margin of about 15,500 votes  He became Deputy Prime Minister of New Zealand and Minister of Finance in the fifth National Government, being sworn into office on 19 November 2008 and continued to serve in those roles until becoming Prime Minister on 12 December 2014  He was also made Minister of Infrastructure in National's first term of government and Minister responsible for Housing New Zealand Corporation and minister responsible for the New Zealand flag consideration process in its third 

He was comfortably re-elected in Clutha-Southland in the 2011 election but opted to run as a party-list candidate in 2014  

The pairing of John Key as leader of the National Party and English as his deputy has been compared to that of Bob Hawke and Paul Keating (in Australia) and Tony Blair and Gordon Brown (in the UK)



ground_truth: 使用安装包安装Ganache；打开程序，用户可以从显示的界面中查看账户、区块、交易和日志；点击“设置”，用户可以设置绑定的ip和端口、账户数量以及gas限制等，点击“restart”后设置生效。此时，Ganache已经在本机运行了一个以太坊私有网络，并绑定了8545端口。.

prompt_front: Now, answer the following question based on the text below, only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: When did Simon English become the leader of the National Party?

Read the following text and answer briefly.

Context 2: 

English acceded to the role of Finance Minister in the continuing wake of the financial crisis  In response to New Zealand's rising debt, English made budget deficit-reduction his main priority  His first budget outlined three focuses in New Zealand's financial recovery: "improving the business environment and removing roadblocks to growth; investment in productive infrastructure; and improving the way government works"  One of his first acts was creating the National Infrastructure Unit, charged with formulating a plan for infrastructure projects and investments  He commissioned a government-wide spending review, with an aim to reducing government expenditure—with the exceptions of a two-year stimulus package and long-term increases on infrastructure spending 

In April 2011, the Opposition criticised English for suggesting that New Zealand businesses could use New Zealand's low wages to help it compete with Australia  The National Government campaigned for re-election in 2011 on its economic record  The Government boasted growth for five consecutive quarters up to mid-2010, totalling 1 6% of real GDP 

Strong growth resulted in a surplus of $473 million for the 2015/16 financial year, projected to rise to $8 5 billion by 2020/21  In his 2016 Economic and Fiscal Update address, English stated that reducing debt and tackling the costs of the 2016 Kaikōura earthquake were higher priorities than reducing rates of tax 

Allowances issue
In 2009, the media, including TVNZ and TV3 revealed that English was receiving about NZ$900 a week as part of a living allowance for ministers, to live in his own NZ$1 2 million Wellington home  At the time, English also received $276,200 in his annual salary as Deputy Prime Minister  It was also revealed other ministers with homes in the capital city were also claiming accommodation allowances  On 3 August 2009, Prime Minister John Key started a review of the housing allowances claimed by cabinet ministers  English subsequently paid back $12,000 and only claimed about $24,000 a year in living allowances  The Auditor-General's office said in September 2009 that they were making "preliminary enquiries" into parliamentary housing expenses in response to a letter of complaint from Progressive party leader Jim Anderton  Two days later English stated that he would no longer take up any housing allowance and had paid back all the allowance he had received since the November 2008 election 

Prime Minister (2016–2017)

John Key resigned on 12 December, and endorsed English as his successor in the resulting leadership election  Following the drop-out of both Judith Collins and Jonathan Coleman from the leadership election, English was sworn in as the 39th Prime Minister of New Zealand on 12 December 2016 

English appointed his first cabinet on 18 December  In a reshuffle, he appointed Steven Joyce to succeed him as Finance Minister, while most ministerial portfolios remained the same 

In February 2017, English did not attend Waitangi Day commemorations at the historic treaty grounds, reportedly in response to the Ngāpuhi iwi's decision to stop the Prime Minister from speaking at the marae  Ngāpuhi have protested the Government's negotiation of the Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA), which the iwi believe infringes upon Māori sovereignty, and thus does not adhere to the Treaty of Waitangi  English had been invited to attend in an official capacity; his non-attendance was criticised by a Ngāpuhi elder and Opposition leader Andrew Little 

In his first overseas trip as Prime Minister, English travelled to Europe to discuss trade ties, including a prospective New Zealand–European Union free trade agreement  He first travelled to London on 13 January 2017 to meet British Prime Minister Theresa May  Discussing trade relations, English said the two nations were "natural partners" and would "continue to forge ties" after the UK's withdrawal from the EU  He also arranged to meet with London Mayor Sadiq Khan, Belgian Prime Minister Charles Michel and German Chancellor Angela Merkel   In a meeting with Merkel, English received crucial backing from Germany for a trade deal with the EU  On 16 January, English stated that his government would continue to promote TPPA, despite the United States' decision to withdraw from the agreement  He explained that Southeast Asian countries would now be treated as a priority in negotiations—he also asserted that the United States was ceding influence to China by its rejection of the trade pact 

At a press conference at the Beehive on 1 February 2017, English announced that the 2017 general election would be held on 23 September  The Prime Minister later confirmed that his party would approach ACT, United Future and the Māori Party if confidence and supply agreements were required to form a government following the election  In his second cabinet reshuffle on 24 April, English appointed Gerry Brownlee as his new Foreign Affairs Minister; he also promoted Nikki Kaye to the portfolio of Education Minister, and moved Mark Mitchell into the cabinet to become Defence Minister  The reshuffle was perceived as an election preparation 

On 13 February 2017, English welcomed Australian Prime Minister Malcolm Turnbull to Wellington  The two leaders reaffirmed their shared trade agenda, and discussed changes to the Australian citizenship pathway which will affect permanent residents originating from New Zealand 

On 19 June, it was reported that Todd Barclay, who succeeded English as MP for Clutha-Southland, had clandestinely recorded one of his employee's conversations the previous year, and that John Key's leaders' budget was used to pay a confidential settlement after the employee resigned  English admitted that he had been aware of the illegal recording and the settlement, and thus implicated in the scandal 

During the 2017 National campaign launch, English introduced a $379 million social investment package including digital learning academies for high school students, more resources for mathematics, and boosting support for teaching second languages in schools, and maintaining National Standards in the school curriculum  Prime Minister English also sought to defend National's financial management and economic track record and claimed that the opposition Labour Party would raise taxes  Early opinion polling had forecast a poor showing in the election for the Labour Party, but in early August 37-year-old Jacinda Ardern took over as Labour leader and seemingly energised younger voters 

At the 2017 general election, National won the largest share of the party vote (44 4%) and the largest number of seats (56) in the House Representatives  However, National lacked enough seats to govern alone due to two of the party's support partners, the Māori Party and United Future, losing their parliamentary seats  In response, English stated that the party would be entering into talks to form a coalition with New Zealand First  Following talks with the two largest parties, New Zealand First entered a coalition arrangement with the Labour Party  English was succeeded as prime minister by Jacinda Ardern on 26 October 

Opposition (2017–2018)

Leader of the Opposition
English was re-elected as National Party leader on 24 October 2017  At the time of his re-election, English announced his intention to stay on as leader until the next general election  On 13 February 2018, however, he stood down as National Party leader due to personal reasons, and instructed the party to put into motion the processes to elect a new leader  He also retired from Parliament  English's resignation followed weeks of speculation that he would step aside for a new leader  On 27 February, he was succeeded as party leader by Simon Bridges as the result of the leadership election held that day 

Post-premiership 
In 2018, English joined the board of Australian conglomerate, Wesfarmers  English serves in Chairmanships of Mount Cook Alpine Salmon, Impact Lab Ltd and Manawanui Support Ltd  He is also a director of The Instillery, Centre for Independent Studies and The Todd Corporation Limited, and is a member of the Impact Advisory Group of Macquarie Infrastructure and Real Assets 

Political and social views

English is regarded as more socially conservative than his predecessor, John Key  He has stated his opposition to voluntary euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide, same-sex civil unions, and the decriminalisation of prostitution  As Prime Minister he opposed any "liberalisation" of abortion law 

In 2004, English voted against a bill to establish civil unions for both same-sex and opposite-sex couples  In 2005, he voted for the Marriage (Gender Clarification) Amendment Bill, which would have amended the Marriage Act to define marriage as only between a man and a woman  English voted against the Marriage (Definition of Marriage) Amendment Bill, a bill that legalised same-sex marriage in New Zealand  However, in December 2016 he stated, "I'd probably vote differently now on the gay marriage issue  I don't think that gay marriage is a threat to anyone else's marriage" 

In 2009, English voted against the Misuse of Drugs (Medicinal Cannabis) Amendment Bill, a bill aimed at amending the Misuse of Drugs Act so that cannabis could be used for medical purposes 

Personal life 
English met his future wife, Mary Scanlon, at university  She was studying medicine at the time, and became a general practitioner  Both her parents were immigrants, her father being Samoan and her mother Italian, born on the island of Stromboli  They have six children: a daughter and five sons 

English is a practising Roman Catholic, but has stated that he considers his religious beliefs personal and thus separate from politics 

In June 2002, English took part in TV3's Fight For Life, a celebrity boxing fundraiser to raise money for the Yellow Ribbon anti-youth-suicide campaign, influenced by the death of a teenage nephew in 1997  He lost a split decision to former university colleague Ted Clarke 

Honours
In the 2018 Queen's Birthday Honours, English was appointed a Knight Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services of over 27 years to the State 

See also

List of New Zealand governments
Politics of New Zealand

References

External links

Profile at National Party 
Profile on Parliament nz
Releases and speeches at Beehive govt nz

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1961 births
21st-century New Zealand politicians
Candidates in the 2017 New Zealand general election
Deputy Prime Ministers of New Zealand
Leaders of the Opposition (New Zealand)
Living people
Members of the Cabinet of New Zealand
Members of the New Zealand House of Representatives
New Zealand farmers
New Zealand finance ministers
New Zealand list MPs
New Zealand MPs for South Island electorates
New Zealand National Party MPs
New Zealand National Party leaders
New Zealand Roman Catholics
New Zealand people of Irish descent
People educated at St  Patrick's College, Silverstream
People from Dipton, New Zealand
People from Lumsden, New Zealand
Prime Ministers of New Zealand
University of Otago alumni
Victoria University of Wellington alumni
Knights Companion of the New Zealand Order of Merit

Context 3: McPherson County (standard abbreviation: MP) is a county located in the U S  state of Kansas   As of the 2020 census, the county population was 30,223  The largest city and county seat is McPherson  The county is named for Civil War General James B  McPherson 

History

Early history

For many millennia, the Great Plains of North America was inhabited by nomadic Native Americans  From the 16th century to 18th century, the Kingdom of France claimed ownership of large parts of North America  In 1762, after the French and Indian War, France secretly ceded New France to Spain, per the Treaty of Fontainebleau  In 1802, Spain returned most of the land to France, but keeping title to about 7,500 square miles 

In 1803, most of the land for modern day Kansas was acquired by the United States from France as part of the 828,000 square mile Louisiana Purchase for 2 83 cents per acre  In 1848, after the Mexican–American War, the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo with Spain brought into the United States all or part of land for ten future states, including southwest Kansas  In 1854, the Kansas Territory was organized, then in 1861 Kansas became the 34th U S  state 

19th century

From the 1820s to 1870s, the Santa Fe Trail passed through, what is now McPherson County  The trail entered the county, east of Canton, then south of Galva, then north of Inman, and west towards Lyons  In 1855, Charles O  Fuller established a ranch adjacent to the Running Turkey Creek Crossing about two miles south and one mile east of Galva  Fuller's Ranch provided accommodations for travelers on the Santa Fe Trail and was probably the first white settlement in McPherson County 

Peketon County was established in 1860, by the passage of a bill by S  N  Wood:  An act to establish Peketon County  Section 1  - That all that territory west of the sixth principal meridian and south of Township 16, in Kansas Territory, be and the same is hereby erected into a county, to be known by the name of Peketon County  On February 17, 1865, Peketon County was abolished, and McPherson County was made a part of Marion County, which extended from the west line of Chase County to the present western boundary of Kansas 

In 1868, Solomon Stephens and L  N  Holmberg were appointed Justices of the Peace—the first officers in what is now McPherson County  The next year (1869) occurred the first election for the township, now the county of McPherson  McPherson was regularly organized as a county in the spring of 1870, a mass meeting being held at Sweadal  Sweadal, the county seat thus selected, was located about one mile and a half southwest of the present site of Lindsborg  In September, however, the County Commissioners resolved to meet at the latter place, McPherson which had already been located some two years 

In April, 1873, a petition was filed for the county seat re-location  It was signed by 483 voters, and a special election was accordingly ordered for June 10  Upon that day, McPherson received 605 votes, New Gottland 325, King City 3 and Lindsborg 1; McPherson's majority over all, 276  In May the McPherson Town Company had offered, as an inducement for the location of the county seat at this point, the free use of rooms for ten years, and the donation of two squares of land on the town site  The offer was accepted the next month, the County Commissioners selecting blocks 56 and 65  Thus the county seat was established at McPherson and has remained since 

As early as 1875, city leaders of Marion held a meeting to consider a branch railroad from Florence  In 1878, Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway and parties from Marion County and McPherson County chartered the Marion and McPherson Railway Company   In 1879, a branch line was built from Florence to McPherson, in 1880 it was extended to Lyons, in 1881 it was extended to Ellinwood  The line was leased and operated by the Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railway  The line from Florence to Marion, was abandoned in 1968  In 1992, the line from Marion to McPherson was sold to Central Kansas Railway  In 1993, after heavy flood damage, the line from Marion to McPherson was abandoned  The original branch line connected Florence, Marion, Canada, Hillsboro, Lehigh, Canton, Galva, McPherson, Conway, Windom, Little River, Mitchell, Lyons, Chase, then connected with the original AT&SF main line at Ellinwood 

In 1887, the Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway extended its main line from Herington to Pratt   This main line connected Herington, Ramona, Tampa, Durham, Waldeck, Canton, Galva, McPherson, Groveland, Inman, Medora, Hutchinson, Whiteside, Partridge, Arlington,  Langdon, Turon, Preston, Natrona, Pratt   In 1888, this main line was extended to Liberal   Later, this line was extended to Tucumcari, New Mexico and Santa Rosa, New Mexico, where it made a connection with the Southern Pacific from El Paso, Texas   The Chicago, Kansas and Nebraska Railway was absorbed by the Chicago, Rock Island and Pacific Railway  This line is also called the "Golden State Route" 

20th century
The National Old Trails Road, also known as the Ocean-to-Ocean Highway, was established in 1912, and was routed through Windom, Conway, McPherson 

Geography

According to the U S  Census Bureau, the county has a total area of , of which  is land and  (0 3%) is water 

Adjacent counties
 Saline County (north)
 Dickinson County (northeast)
 Marion County (east)
 Harvey County (southeast)
 Reno County (southwest)
 Rice County (west)
 Ellsworth County (northwest)

Major highways
  Interstate 135
  U S  Route 56
  U S  Route 81
  K-4
  K-61
  K-153

Demographics

The McPherson Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of McPherson County 

2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 29,554 people, 11,205 households, and 7,966 families residing in the county   The population density was 33 people per square mile (13/km2)   There were 11,830 housing units at an average density of 13 per square mile (5/km2)   The racial makeup of the county was 96 53% White, 0 81% Black or African American, 0 34% Native American, 0



ground_truth: October 2001.

prompt_front: Now, answer the following question based on the text below, only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: What was the name of the first white settlement in McPherson County?

Read the following text and answer briefly.

Context 3: 32% Asian, 0 06% Pacific Islander, 0 79% from other races, and 1 16% from two or more races   1 94% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race  37 1% were of German, 12 9% Swedish, 12 1% American, 6 7% English and 6 3% Irish ancestry according to Census 2000 

There were 11,205 households, out of which 33 00% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 62 50% were married couples living together, 6 00% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28 90% were non-families  25 50% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11 80% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older   The average household size was 2 49 and the average family size was 2 99 

In the county, the population was spread out, with 25 40% under the age of 18, 10 30% from 18 to 24, 25 20% from 25 to 44, 21 80% from 45 to 64, and 17 30% who were 65 years of age or older   The median age was 38 years  For every 100 females there were 95 90 males   For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 92 90 males 

The median income for a household in the county was $41,138, and the median income for a family was $48,243  Males had a median income of $33,530 versus $21,175 for females  The per capita income for the county was $18,921   About 4 20% of families and 6 60% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5 20% of those under age 18 and 8 10% of those age 65 or over 

Government

Presidential elections
McPherson county is often carried by Republican candidates  The last time a Democratic candidate has carried this county was in 1964 by Lyndon B  Johnson 

Laws
Following amendment to the Kansas Constitution in 1986, the county remained a prohibition, or "dry", county until 1996, when voters approved the sale of alcoholic liquor by the individual drink with a 30 percent food sales requirement 

Education

Colleges
 McPherson College in McPherson
 Bethany College in Lindsborg
 Central Christian College in McPherson

Unified school districts
 Smoky Valley USD 400
 McPherson USD 418
 Canton-Galva USD 419
 Moundridge USD 423
 Inman USD 448

School district office in neighboring county
 Goessel USD 411
 Little River-Windom USD 444

Museums
 Birger Sandzén Memorial Gallery in Lindsborg
 McCormick-Deering Days Museum in Inman
 McPherson Museum in McPherson
 Lindsborg Old Mill & Swedish Heritage Museum in Lindsborg
 Kansas Motorcycle Museum in Marquette

Communities

Cities

 Canton
 Galva
 Inman
 Lindsborg
 Marquette
 McPherson (county seat) 
 Moundridge
 Windom

Unincorporated communities
† means a Census-Designated Place (CDP) by the United States Census Bureau 
 Conway
 Elyria†
 Groveland
 Johnstown
 New Gottland
 Roxbury†

Ghost towns
 Alta Mills
 Battle Hill
 Christian
 Doles Park
 Elivon
 King City
 Sweadal

Townships
McPherson County is divided into twenty-five townships   The cities of Lindsborg and McPherson are considered governmentally independent and are excluded from the census figures for the townships   In the following table, the population center is the largest city (or cities) included in that township's population total, if it is of a significant size 

See also
 List of people from McPherson County, Kansas
 National Register of Historic Places listings in McPherson County, Kansas
 McPherson Valley Wetlands
 Maxwell Wildlife Refuge

References

Notes

Further reading

 Wheeler, Wayne Leland  "An Analysis of Social Change in a Swedish-Immigrant Community: The Case of Lindsborg, Kansas " (PhD dissertation, University of Missouri-Columbia; ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 1959  5905657) 

County
 Through the Years: A Pictorial History of McPherson County; McPherson Sentinel' Heritage House Publishing Co; 1992 
 McPherson County First Courthouse Built About 1869 or 1870; Lindsborg News-Record; March 30, 1959 
 Pioneer Life and Lore of McPherson County, Kansas; Edna Nyquist; Democratic-Opinion Press; 1932 
 A History of the Church of the Brethren in Kansas (includes McPherson College history); Elmer LeRoy Craik; McPherson Daily; Republican Press; 397 pages; 1922 
 Portrait and Biographical Record of Dickinson, Saline, McPherson, and Marion Counties, Kansas; Chapman Bros; 614 pages; 1893 
 Standard Atlas of McPherson County, Kansas; Geo  A  Ogle & Co; 82 pages; 1921 
 Plat Book of McPherson County, Kansas; North West Publishing Co; 50 pages; 1903 
 Edwards' Atlas of McPherson County, Kansas; John P  Edwards; 51 pages; 1884 

Trails
 The Story of the Marking of the Santa Fe Trail by the Daughters of the American Revolution in Kansas and the State of Kansas; Almira Cordry; Crane Co; 164 pages; 1915  (Download 4MB PDF eBook)
 The National Old Trails Road To Southern California, Part 1 (LA to KC); Automobile Club Of Southern California; 64 pages; 1916  (Download 6 8MB PDF eBook)

Mennonite Settlements
 Impact of Mennonite settlement on the cultural landscape of Kansas; Brenda Martin; Kansas State University; 1985/1988  
 Mennonite settlement : the relationship between the physical and cultural environment; Susan Movle; University of Utah; 1975/1886 
 Status of Mennonite women in Kansas in their church and home relationships; Eva Harshbarger; Bluffton College; 1925/1945 

External links

County
 
 McPherson County - Directory of Public Officials
Historical
 , from Hatteberg's People'' on KAKE TV news
Maps
 McPherson County Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Highway Maps: Current, Historic, KDOT
 Kansas Railroad Maps: Current, 1996, 1915, KDOT and Kansas Historical Society

 
Kansas counties
1867 establishments in Kansas




ground_truth: The first white settlement in McPherson County was Fuller's Ranch, established by Charles O. Fuller.