prompt_front: Now, answer the following question based on the text below, only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: When did the Tevatron Collider Run II start and when is it expected to end?

Read the following text and answer briefly.

Context 1: \section{INTRODUCTION}
The Tevatron Collider Run II started in March 2002 and is expected
to continue until the end of this decade  The Tevatron and the 
two detectors, CDF and D\O, have been performing  well in 2004,
each experiment is collecting data at the rate 
of $\approx$10 pb$^{-1}$ per week 
The total  luminosity accumulated by August 2004 is $\approx$500 pb$^{-1}$
per detector 
The rich physics program includes the
production and precision measurement of properties of  standard model (SM)
objects, as well as searches for phenomena beyond standard model 
In this brief review we focus on areas of most interest 
to the lattice community  We present
new results on the top quark mass
and their implication for the mass of the SM Higgs boson, 
on searches for the SM Higgs boson, on evidence for the $X(3872)$ state, 
on searches for pentaquarks, and on $b$ hadron properties 
All Run II results presented here are preliminary  

\section{TOP QUARK MASS}

The experiments CDF and D\O\ published several direct  measurements of
the top quark pole mass, $\ensuremath{M_{\mathrm{top}}}$, 
based on Run I data (1992-1996) 
The ``lepton $+$ jets'' channel yields the most precise determination of
$\ensuremath{M_{\mathrm{top}}}$  Recently, the
D\O\ collaboration published a new measurement~\cite{Mtop1-D0-l+j-new},
based on a powerful analysis technique yielding  greatly improved precision 
The differential probability 
that the measured variables in any event correspond to the signal
is calculated as a function of $\ensuremath{M_{\mathrm{top}}}$  
The maximum in the product of the individual event probabilities 
provides the best estimate of $\ensuremath{M_{\mathrm{top}}}$ 
The critical differences from previous analyses 
in the lepton $+$ jets decay channel lie in 
the assignment of more 
weight to events that are well measured or more likely to correspond to  
$t \bar t$ signal, 
and  the handling of the combinations of final-state objects
(lepton, jets, and imbalance in transverse momentum) 
and their identification with
top-quark decay products in an event  
The new combined value for the top-quark mass from Run I is 
$\ensuremath{M_{\mathrm{top}}}  =  178 0\pm4 3~\ensuremath{\mathrm{ Ge\kern -0 1em V }\kern -0 2em /c^2 }$ 

In Run II, both collaborations  have been exploring several different techniques 
for $\ensuremath{M_{\mathrm{top}}}$
measurements  The best single CDF result comes from a dynamic likelihood method
(DLM)  The method is similar to
the technique used in Ref ~\cite{Mtop1-D0-l+j-new} 
The result is $\ensuremath{M_{\mathrm{top}}} = 177 8^{+4 5}_{-5 0} (stat) \pm  6 2 (syst) ~\ensuremath{\mathrm{ Ge\kern -0 1em V }\kern -0 2em /c^2 }$ 
The joint likelihood of the selected events is shown in Fig  ~\ref{fig:cdf_tml}  
The Run II goal is a 1\% uncertainty on $\ensuremath{M_{\mathrm{top}}}$  




\begin{figure}[htb]
\vspace*{-5mm}
\includegraphics[height=5 8cm,width=8 1cm]  {data_22ev_likelihood eps}
\vspace*{-1 2cm}
\caption{The joint likelihood of top candidates(CDF) }
\label{fig:cdf_tml}
\end{figure}




\section{SEARCH FOR SM HIGGS BOSON}


The constraints on the SM Higgs ($H$)  boson  mass from
published  measurements, updated to include the new D\O\ top mass
measurement~\cite{Mtop1-D0-l+j-new}, are
$M_H = 117 ^{+67}_{-45}~\ensuremath{\mathrm{ Ge\kern -0 1em V }\kern -0 2em /c^2 }$, $M_H < 251~\ensuremath{\mathrm{ Ge\kern -0 1em V }\kern -0 2em /c^2 }$ at 95\% C L 
The  new most likely  value of $M_H$
is above the experimentally excluded range,
and sufficiently low for $H$ to be observed at the Tevatron 


\begin{figure}[htb]
\vspace*{-5mm}
\includegraphics[height=7 5cm,width=7 8cm]  {d0_wbb_fig_3_err eps}
\vspace*{-1 1cm}
\caption{Distribution of the dijet
invariant mass for $W+2 b$-tagged jets  events,
compared to the expectation (D\O)  
}
\label{fig:d0_wbb_2tag}
\end{figure}



D\O\  has conducted a search for $H$ at $M_H < 140~\ensuremath{\mathrm{ Ge\kern -0 1em V }\kern -0 2em /c^2 }$ 
in the production channel  
$p \bar{p} \rightarrow WH \rightarrow  e \nu b \bar{b}$  
The experimental signature of  $WH \rightarrow e \nu b \bar{b}$
is a final state with 
one high $p_T$ electron, two  $b$ jets, and
large missing transverse energy  resulting from
the undetected neutrino 
The dominant backgrounds to $WH$ production
are  $W b \bar{b}$, $t \bar{t}$ and single-top production 
The distribution 
of the dijet mass for events with two $b$-tagged jets is shown in
Fig ~\ref{fig:d0_wbb_2tag}  
Also shown is the  expected contribution ($0 06$ events)  
from the $b \bar{b}$ decay of a
SM Higgs boson with $M_H =$ 115 $\ensuremath{\mathrm{ Ge\kern -0 1em V }\kern -0 2em /c^2 }$ 
No events are observed in the  dijet mass window of 85--135  $\ensuremath{\mathrm{ Ge\kern -0 1em V }\kern -0 2em /c^2 }$ 
D\O\ sets a limit on the cross section
for $\sigma( p\bar{p} \rightarrow WH) \times B(H \rightarrow b \bar{b}) $
of 9 0 pb at the 95\% C L ,  for a 115  $\ensuremath{\mathrm{ Ge\kern -0 1em V }\kern -0 2em /c^2 }$ Higgs boson 
The results for mass points 105, 125, and 135 $\ensuremath{\mathrm{ Ge\kern -0 1em V }\kern -0 2em /c^2 }$
 are 11 0, 9 1 and 12 2 pb,  respectively 



\begin{figure}[htb]
\vspace*{-1 2cm}
\includegraphics[height=0 33\textheight,width=8 0cm]{whww_aps04_bw eps}

\vspace*{-1 2cm}
\caption{95\% limits on the $H$ production (CDF) }
\label{fig:cdf_whww}
\end{figure}


CDF  has done  a similar search, allowing either an  electron or a muon  
in the final state   Both groups have also searched for $H$ produced in
gluon-gluon fusion, with subsequent decay to a pair of $W$ bosons 
The CDF results for both channels  are shown in Fig ~\ref{fig:cdf_whww}  



\section{THE STATE X(3872)}


\begin{figure}[htb]

\includegraphics[height=8 0cm,width=7 5cm]  {X3872cdfPRL1FullM eps}
\vspace*{-1cm}
\caption{The $X(3872)$ signal (CDF) }
\label{fig:cdf_x}
\end{figure}




 The existence of the $X(3872)$ state discovered by 
the Belle Collaboration~\cite{Belle-X}
 has been confirmed 
 in $p \bar{p}$ collisions by  CDF~\cite{cdf-X} (see Fig ~\ref{fig:cdf_x})
and D\O~\cite{d0-X} 
 It is still unclear whether this particle is a $c\bar{c}$ state,
 or a more complex object   When the data are separated according to
production and decay variables, D\O\  finds no significant
differences between the $X(3872)$ and
the $c \bar{c}$ state $\psi(2S)$ 
CDF has analysed the ``lifetime'' distribution of the $X(3872)$ events in order to
quantify what fraction of this state arises from decay of $B$ hadrons, as opposed to
those produced promptly  The authors find that for the selected samples
28 3$\pm$1 0$(stat)\pm$0 7$(syst)$\% of $\psi(2S)$ candidates are from $b$ decays,
whereas 16 1$\pm$4 9$(stat)\pm$2 0$(syst)$\% of $X$ mesons arise from such decays 





\section{SEARCH FOR PENTAQUARKS}



\begin{figure}[htb]

\includegraphics[height=0 27\textheight,width=7 6cm]  {mpks_1stminbias eps}
\vspace*{-1 2cm}

\caption{Invariant mass distribution of an identified proton and a $K^0_s$ candidate  (CDF)
}
\label{fig:pqtheta}
\end{figure}



\begin{figure}[htb]

\vspace*{-0 9cm}
\includegraphics[height=0 25\textheight,width=8 0cm]  {CM_xicst_cc_1 eps}
\vspace*{-1 2cm}
\caption{Invariant mass distribution of the $(\Xi^-,\pi^+)$ system  (CDF) 
}
\label{fig:pqxi}
\end{figure}


\begin{figure}[htb]
\vspace*{-0 9cm}

\includegraphics[height=0 25\textheight,width=7 6cm]  {theta_note_dstp_dedx_pt eps}
\vspace*{-1 2cm}
\caption{Mass of the ($D^{*+}\bar p$) system  The arrow indicates the position of 
the $\Theta_c$ state (CDF) }
\label{fig:pqthetac}
\end{figure}



Following reports of evidence for exotic
baryons containing five quarks (pentaquarks), CDF has analysed 
its data for evidence of the following pentaquarks:
$\Theta^+$ ($uud\bar d \bar s$), doubly strange states 
$\Xi_{3/2}$, charmed states $\Theta_c$, and, most recently, 
a state $(udus\bar b)$, dubbed $R^+_s$, through its weak decay to $(J/\psi, p)$  
With its excellent particle indentification and mass resolution,
CDF has a unique capability to search for  pentaquark states 
The signals of known states: $\phi$, $\Lambda$,
$\Lambda(1520)$, $K^*$, $\Xi$, 
compare favorably with those provided
by the authors of  the pentaquark evidence 
The group finds no evidence for pentaquark states, see Figs 
~\ref{fig:pqtheta},{\ref{fig:pqxi},\ref{fig:pqthetac} 
This can be interpreted as an indication that the pentaquark production 
in $p \bar p$ collisions is heavily suppressed compared to the conventional
hadron production, or as an evidence against the existence of pentaquarks 

\clearpage

\section{RECENT B PHYSICS RESULTS}


\subsection{Spectroscopy}

CDF has measured the mass of $b$ hadrons in exclusive $J/\psi$ channels 
The measurements of the $B_s$ and $\Lambda_b$ (Fig  \ref{fig:masslb})
masses are the current world's best \\

$m(B^+)$ = 5279 10$\pm$0 41$(stat)\pm$0 36$(syst)$,

$m(B^0)$ = 5279 63$\pm$0 53$(stat)\pm$0 33$(syst)$,

$m(B_s)$ = 5366 01$\pm$0 73$(stat)\pm$0 33$(syst)$,

$m(\Lambda_b)$ = 5619 7$\pm$1 2$(stat)\pm$1 2$(syst)$ MeV/$c^2$ \\


\begin{figure}[htb]
\vspace*{-1mm}
\includegraphics[height=0 30\textheight,width=7 5cm]  {lambdav1c eps}
\vspace*{-1cm}

\caption{The mass spectrum of $\Lambda_b$ candidates (CDF) }
\label{fig:masslb}
\end{figure}


D\O\ reports the first observation of the excited $B$ mesons 
$B_1$ and $B^*_2$ as two separate states in fully reconstructed
decays to $B^{(*)}\pi$  The mass of $B_1$ is measured to be
5724$\pm$4$\pm$7 MeV/c$^2$, and the mass difference $\Delta M$ between
$B^*_2$ and $B_1$ is 23 6$\pm$7 7$\pm$3 9 MeV/c$^2$
(Fig   \ref{fig:d0_bexc}) 

D\O\ observes semileptonic $B$ decays to narrow $D^{**}$ states,
the orbitally excited states  of the $D$ meson
seen as resonances in the $D^{*+}\pi^-$ invariant mass spectrum 
The $D^*$ mesons are reconstructed through the decay sequence 
$D^{*+} \rightarrow D^0\pi^+$, $D^0\rightarrow K^-\pi^+$ 
The invariant mass  of oppositely charged $(D^*,\pi)$ pairs
is shown in Fig   \ref{fig:d0_dstst} 
The mass peak between 2 4 and 2 5 GeV/$c^2$ can be interpreted as two merged 
narrow $D^{**}$ states, $D^0_1(2420)$ and $D^0_2(2460)$ 
The combined branching fraction is 
$ {\cal B}(B\rightarrow D^0_1,D^0_2)\cdot {\cal B}(D^0_1,D^0_2\rightarrow D^{*+}\pi^-)=(0 280\pm0 021(stat)\pm0 088(syst)$\%  The systematic error includes the unknown phase between the
two resonances  Work is in progress on extracting the two Breit-Wigner
amplitudes 


\begin{figure}[htb]
\vspace*{-2mm}
\hspace*{-3mm}
\includegraphics[height=0 28\textheight,width=8 3cm]  {B08F02 eps}

\vspace*{-1cm}
\caption{Mass difference $\Delta M = M(B\pi)-M(B)$ for exclusive $B$ decays 
The background-subtracted signal is a sum of 
$B^*_1 \rightarrow B^* \pi$, $B^* \rightarrow B \gamma $ (open area)
and $B^*_2 \rightarrow B^*\pi$ $B^*\rightarrow B \gamma$ (lower peak in the shaded area)
and $B^*_2 \rightarrow B \pi$ (upper peak in the shaded area)  
(D\O) }
\label{fig:d0_bexc}
\end{figure}


\begin{figure}[htb]
\includegraphics[height=0 25\textheight,width=7 5cm]  {B05F03 eps}

\vspace*{-1cm}
\caption{The invariant mass distribution of
$(D^*,\pi)$ pairs, opposite sign (points) and same-sign (solid histogram) }
\label{fig:d0_dstst}
\end{figure}






\subsection{Lifetimes}


CDF and D\O\ have measured  lifetimes of $b$ hadrons through the exclusively
reconstructed decays $B^+ \rightarrow J/\psi K^+$, $B^0 \rightarrow J/\psi K^{*0}$,
$B_s \rightarrow J/\psi \phi$, 
and $\Lambda_b \rightarrow J/\psi \Lambda$
(Fig  \ref{fig:d0_lbctau}) 
The latest results are:  \\



 $\tau(B^+)$=1 65 $\pm$ 0 08 $^{+0 096}_{-0 123}$  ps ~(D\O\ 2003),

 $\tau(B^+)$=1 662 $\pm$ 0 033  $\pm$ 0 008  ps ~(CDF),

 $\tau(B^0_d)$=1 473  $^{+0 052}_{-0 050}$ $\pm$ 0 023    ps ~(D\O) 

 $\tau(B^0_d)$=1 539 $\pm$ 0 051  $\pm$ 0 008  ps ~(CDF),

 $\tau(B^0_s)$=1 444   $^{+0 098}_{-0 090}$ $\pm$ 0 020   ps ~(D\O),

 $\tau(B^0_s)$=1 369 $\pm$ 0 100 $\pm$ $^{+0 008}_{0 010}$  ps ~(CDF),


 $\tau(\Lambda_b)$=1 221 $^{+0 217}_{-0 179}$ $\pm$ 0 043  ps ~(D\O),


 $\tau(\Lambda_b)$=1 25 $\pm$ 0 26 $\pm$ 0 10  ps ~(CDF 2003) \\



The measured lifetimes correspond to the following lifetime ratios:\\

$\tau(B^+)/\tau(B^0_d)$   =  1 080$\pm$0 042     ~(CDF),
 
$\tau(B^0_s)/\tau(B^0_d)$ =  0 890$\pm$0 072    ~(CDF),

$\tau(B^0_s)/\tau(B^0_d)$ = 0 980$ ^{+0 075}_{-0 070}   \pm$0 003    ~(D\O),

$\tau(\Lambda_b)/\tau(B^0_d)$ =  0 874$ ^{+0 169}_{-0 142}   \pm$0 028    ~(D\O) \\



\begin{figure}[htb]
\includegraphics[height=0 3\textheight,width=8 2cm]  {d0_lbctau_B11F02 eps}
\vspace*{-1cm}

\caption{ Fit projection on  $c\tau$ for the $\Lambda_b$ candidates   (D\O)}
\label{fig:d0_lbctau}
\end{figure}


The $B_s$ lifetime measurements listed above are results of
a single-lifetime fit to data, integrated over the decay angles 
Because  of the presence of  final
states  common to ${B_s^0}$\ and its charge conjugate ${\overline{B}_s^0}$,
the two meson states   are expected
to mix in such a way that the two CP  eigenstates may have a relatively
large lifetime difference 
It is possible to
separate the two CP components of ${B_s^0 \rightarrow J/\psi \phi}$\ and thus to measure the
lifetime difference by studying the time evolution of the
polarization states of the vector mesons in the final state 
CDF has carried out a combined analysis of $B_s$ lifetimes 
and polarization amplitudes  The results for the lifetimes of the
low mass (CP even) and high mass (CP odd) eigenstates, and the relative 
width difference are:\\

 $\tau_L = 1 05 ^{+0 16}_{-0 13} \pm 0 02$ ~ps,
 
 $\tau_H = 2 07 ^{+0 58}_{-0 46} \pm 0 03$ ~ps,

 $\Delta \Gamma /\overline \Gamma   = 0 65 ^{+0 25}_{-0 33} \pm 0 01$ \\

Figure \ref{fig:cdf_dg} shows  the scan of the likelihood function 
for $\Delta \Gamma /\overline \Gamma$ 
Pseudoexperiments tossed with $\Delta \Gamma /\overline \Gamma =0$
yield the betting odds for observing the above results at
1/315  For $\Delta \Gamma /\overline \Gamma = 0 12$ (SM prediction,
which has recently been updated to 0 14$\pm$0 05~\cite{dg_un}) the betting odds are
1/84 

\begin{figure}[htb]
\vspace*{-1mm}
\includegraphics[height=0 3\textheight,width=8 2cm]  {cdf_scan-dg-un eps}

\vspace*{-1cm}
\caption{Scan of the likelihood function 
for $\Delta \Gamma /\overline \Gamma$ (CDF) 
}
\label{fig:cdf_dg}
\end{figure}




D\O\ has used a novel technique to  measure the lifetime ratio
of the charged and neutral $B$ mesons, exploiting the large
semileptonic sample  $B$ hadrons were reconstructed in the channels
$B\rightarrow \mu^+ \nu D^*(2010)^-X$, which are dominated by $B^0$ decays, 
and  $B\rightarrow \mu^+ \nu D^0X$, which are dominated by $B^+$ decays 
The lifetime ratio was
obtained from the variation of the ratio of the number of events in these two
processes at different decay lengths 
The result is \\


$\tau(B^+)/\tau(B^0_d)$   =  1 093$\pm$0 021$\pm$0 022       ~(D\O)




\subsection{Towards $B_s$ mixing}

Measurement of the $B_s$ oscillation frequency via ${B_s^0}$ -${\overline{B}_s^0}$ ~mixing
will provide an important constraint on the CKM matrix  The oscillation
frequency is proportional to the mass difference between the mass eigenstates,
$\Delta m_s$, and is related to the CKM matrix through 
$\Delta m_s \propto |V_{tb}V_{ts}|$  When combined with the
$B_d$ mass difference, $\Delta m_d$ it helps in extraction of $|V_{td}|$,
and thereby the CP violating phase  

As a benchmark for future $B_s$ oscillation measurement, both groups
study  $B_d$ mixing, gaining an understanding of the different components
of a $B$ mixing analysis (sample composition, flavor tagging, vertexing,
asymmetry fitting)  For a sample of partially reconstructed decays
$B\rightarrow D^*(2010)^+\mu^-X$, D\O\ obtains 
$\Delta m_d = 0 506 \pm 0 055 (stat) \pm  0 049 (syst))$ ps$^{-1}$ and
$\Delta m_d = 0 488 \pm 0 066 (stat) \pm  0 044 (syst))$ ps$^{-1}$
when employing  opposite side muon tagging and the same side tagging,
respectively 

The CDF result for semileptonic channels is
$\Delta m_d = 0 536 \pm 0 037 (stat) \pm  0 009 (s c ) \pm 0 015 (syst)$ ps$^{-1}$ 
CDF also reports a result on $B$ oscillations using fully reconstructed
decays:
$\Delta m_d = 0 526 \pm 0 056 (stat) \pm  0 005 (syst))$ ps$^{-1}$ 

Reconstructing $B_s$ decays into different final states is another
important
 step in the ${B_s^0}$ -${\overline{B}_s^0}$ ~mixing analysis 
Thanks to the  large muon and tracking coverage,   D\O\ is accumulating
a  high statistics sample of semileptonic $B_s$ decays 
D\O\ reconstructs the $B_s \rightarrow D^+_s \mu^- X$ decays, with
$D^+_s \rightarrow \phi \pi^+ $ and
$D^+_s \rightarrow K^* K^+ $,
at a rate of $\approx$ 40(25) events per pb$^{-1}$,  respectively 
Figure \ref{fig:d0_bsdsphipi} shows the mass distribution of the
$D^+_s \rightarrow \phi \pi$ candidates 


\begin{figure}[htb]
\vspace*{-5mm}
\includegraphics[height=0 3\textheight,width=8 0cm]  {blds-250 eps}
\vspace*{-1 2cm}
\caption{  $D^+_s \rightarrow \phi \pi^+$  signal  (D\O)}
\label{fig:d0_bsdsphipi}
\end{figure}


\begin{figure}[htb]
\vspace*{-10mm}
\hspace*{-4mm}
\includegraphics[height=0 35\textheight,width=7 9cm]  {cdf_Bs-DsPi-PhiPi eps}

\vspace*{-1 0cm}
\caption{ $B_s \rightarrow D_s \pi$, $D_s \rightarrow \phi \pi$  signal   (CDF)}
\label{fig:cdf_bsdsphipi}
\end{figure}


CDF has clean signals for fully hadronic, flavor-specific  $B_s$ decays,
providing the best sensitivity to $B_s$ oscillations at high
$\Delta m_s$  Figure \ref{fig:cdf_bsdsphipi} shows the signal for
the best channel, $B_s \rightarrow D_s \pi$, $D_s \rightarrow \phi \pi$ 

\clearpage


\subsection{Rare decays}

The purely leptonic decays $B_{d,s}^0 \rightarrow \mu^+
\mu^-$ are flavor-changing neutral current (FCNC) processes 
In the standard model, these decays are forbidden at the tree level and
proceed at a very low rate through higher-order diagrams 
The latest SM prediction~\cite{sm_ref3}
is ${\cal B}(B^0_s \rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^-)=(3 42\pm 0 54)\times
10^{-9}$, where the error is dominated by non-perturbative uncertainties  The
leptonic branching fraction of the $B_d^0$ decay is suppressed by CKM matrix elements $|V_{td}/V_{ts}|^2$
leading to a predicted SM branching fraction of $(1 00\pm0 14)\times 10^{-10}$ 
The best published experimental bound (Fig ~\ref{fig:cdf_bsmumu})
 for the branching fraction
of $B^0_s$ $(B^0_d)$ is presently
${\cal B}(B^0_s \, (B^0_d) \rightarrow \mu^+\mu^-)<7 5\times 10^{-7}\, 
(1 9\times 10^{-7})$ at the 95\% C L ~\cite{cdfII} 
The decay amplitude of $B^0_{d,s} \rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^-$ can be
significantly enhanced in some extensions of the SM  

\begin{figure}[htb]
\includegraphics[height=8 3cm,width=7 9cm]  {cdfbsmumu_results_prl eps}

\vspace*{-1cm}
\caption{Invariant mass for the events passing all requirements  (CDF)}
\label{fig:cdf_bsmumu}
\end{figure}


Assuming no contributions 
from the decay $B^0_d\rightarrow \mu^+\mu^-$ in the signal region,
D\O\  finds the conservative upper limit on the branching fraction 
to be ${\cal B}(B^0_s \rightarrow \mu^+ \mu^-) \leq 4 6\times 10^{-7}$ 
at the 95\% C L  (Fig ~\ref{fig:d0_bsmumu}) 






\begin{figure}[htb]
\includegraphics[height=5 0cm,width=8 0cm]  {B06F03 eps}
\vspace*{-1cm}
\caption{Invariant mass for the events  passing all requirements  (D\O)}
\label{fig:d0_bsmumu}
\end{figure}





ground_truth: The Tevatron Collider Run II started in March 2002 and is expected to continue until the end of this decade.

prompt_front: Now, answer the following question based on the text below, only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Who was Ralph Rokebye's brother?

Read the following text and answer briefly.

Context 2: Rokebye, Ralph of Yorks, arm  Gloucester Hall, matric  9 Nov , 1582, aged 15; student of Lincoln's Inn 1585  See Foster's Inns of Court Register 
Rokebye, Ralph of Herts (? Yorks), gent  Broadgates Hall, matric  entry 28 Feb , 1589-90, aged 14  See pedigree in Foster's Yorkshire Collection 
Rokeby, William (brother of Sir Richard, treasurer of Ireland, son of John, of Thundercliffe Grange, Yorks), fellow of King's Hall, Cambridge, D Can L ; rector of Sandal 1487, and of Halifax, Yorks, 1502, rector of Fakenham, Norfolk, 1496, chancellor of Ireland 1498, and 1515, bishop of Meath, and privy councillor 1507, archbishop of Dublin 1512, archdeacon of Surrey 1520, until his death 29 Nov , 1521  See Ath  ii  717; Cotton, i  25; & Lansdowne MS  979, ff  4, 6 
Rolfe, Augustine (Rolfus) M A  from Queen's Coll , Cambridge, 1595; incorporated 10 July, 1599 
Rolf, Richard B A  from Emanuel Coll , Cambridge, 1584-5 (incorporated 11 July, 1585); M A  1588  See Foster's Graduati Cantab 
Rolfe, William cler  fil  New Coll , matric  10 March, 1656-7, B A  1660, fellow, M A  14 Jan , 1663-4; rector of Brampton 1668, and of Stoke Bruern, Northants, 1676, until his death, buried (at Stoke Bruern) 6 Sept , 1693  See Baker's Northants, i  86 
Rolfe, William s  William, of Stoke-Bruern, Northants, cler  Brasenose Coll  7 July, 1688, aged 16; student of Inner Temple 1692, buried in the Temple church 1 March, 1692-3  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg 
Rolle, Denis youngest son John, of Steventon, Devon, equitis  Exeter Coll , matric  15 Feb , 1666-7, aged 17; brother of John same date 
Rolle, Denis s  D , of Heanton, Devon, arm  Exeter Coll  matric  24 Oct , 1687, aged 17; B A  1691, M A  1694 (as Denys), rector of Merton, Devon, 1696  See Samuel 1687, & Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus 
Rolle, (Sir) Henry of Devon, arm  fil  Broadgates Hall, matric  14 June, 1594, aged 18; student of Middle Temple 1597 (as son and heir of Henry, of Steventon, Devon, esq ), knighted 23 July, 1603, died in 1617  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg 
Rolle, Henry of Devon, arm  Exeter Coll , matric  20 March, 1606-7, aged 17; bar -at-law, Inner Temple, 1618, bencher 1633 (2s  Robert, of Heanton, Devon), M P  Callington 1621-2, 1624-5, Truro 1625-1626, 1628-9, serjeant-at-law 1640, recorder of Dorchester 1636, a judge of king's bench 1645, chief justice of upper bench 1648-55, died 30 July, 1656, buried in Shapwick church, Somerset; brother of Samuel 1605  See Ath  iii  416; & Foster's Judges and Barristers 
Rolle, Henry s  Alex , of Tavistock, Devon, gent  Christ Church, matric  23 March, 1696-7, aged 17 
Rolle, John of Devon, arm  Exeter Coll , matric  30 May, 1589, aged 15; B A  8 Feb , 1592-3, M A  25 May, 1596 
Rolle, John 1s  John, of Steventon, Devon, equitis  Exeter Coll , matric  15 Feb , 1666-7, aged 18; of Bicton, Devon; died in his father's lifetime, buried at Bicton 22 April, 1689; brother of Denis 1667, and father of Denis 1698 
Rolle, Richard s  Richard, of Cookeburye, Devon, gent  New Inn Hall, matric  26 Sept , 1634, aged 18; B A  from Jesus Coll , Cambridge, 1638, incorporated from Gloucester Hall 17 Dec , 1639, M A  2 July, 1642, rector of Sheviocke, Cornwall, 1656; father of the next-named  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rolle, Richard s  R , of Sheviock, Cornwall, cler  St  Alban Hall, matric  3 July, 1674, aged 17; B A  1678 
Rolle, Robert (Rooles or Roales) fellow New Coll  1551-60 from Mark Lane, city of London, B A  26 June, 1555, M A  26 July, 1560, B D  22 Jan , 1572-3, D D  June, 1585, a teacher in Westminster school; perhaps canon of Combe (4) in Wells, 1574, and rector of Stoke Climsland, Devon, 1574  See O H S  i  345; & Foster's Index Eccl 
Rolle, Samuel s  Denis, of Great Torrington, Devon, arm  Exeter Coll , matric  16 July, 1687, aged 18, B A  1691; bar -at-law Middle Temple 1697; M P  Barnstaple 1705, died 1747; see Denis 1687  See Foster's Judges and Barristers 
Rolle, William B C L  14 July, 1528; perhaps vicar of Yarncombe, Devon, 1536  See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus 
Rolles, Gabriel (Rooles) B A  from St  John's Coll , Cambridge, 1610-11, M A  1614; incorporated 13 July, 1619, rector of East Locking, Berks, 1620, as Rolle  See Foster's Graduati Cantab 
Rolles, Richard gent  Jesus Coll , matric  1 March, 1632-3, B A  next day, M A  15 Oct , 1635; perhaps created B D  20 Dec  1642, "ex regis gratia," rector of Wavendon, Bucks, and of Witham, Essex, 1646, by the Westminster assembly  See Add  MS  15,670, p  70 
Rolles, William s  Richard, of Lewknor, Oxon, gent  St  John's Coll , matrie  12 March, 1637-8, aged 17, B A  9 Nov , 1641, M A  6 July, 1644; B D  from Jesus Coll  12 Sept , 1661, rector of Wheatfield, Oxon, 1660, and of Chalfont St  Giles, Bucks, 1662  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rolles, William created M A  from Exeter Coll  14 April, 1648 
Rolleston, Simon created M A  31 Aug , 1636 
Rolleston, Thomas of Devon, gent  Wadham Coll , matric  12 May, 1620, aged 16 
Rollinson, Francis 1584  See Rallinson 
Rollinson, William s  "Jose," of London, gent  St  John's Coll , matric  7 March, 1694-5, aged 15; perhaps brother of John Rawlinson, of New Coll  1692  See page 1236 
Rolt, Edward youngest son of Tho , of London, equitis  Merton Coll , matric  7 Nov , 1701, aged 15; of Sacomb, Herts, and Chippenham, Wilts, student of Lincoln's Inn, 1702, M P  St  Mawes 1713, Grantham 1715-22, Chippenham 1722; died 22 Dec , 1722; his father knighted 1 Oct , 1682, and died 9 Sept , 1710  See Foster's Parliamentary Dictionary 
Rolte, George s  Thomas, of St  Margarets par  Darenth, Kent, pleb  St  Alban Hall, matric  17 June, 1631, aged 18; B A  20 June, 1631, M A  29 April, 1634, incorporated at Cambridge 1639 
Romane, Edmund pleb  Balliol Coll , matric  20 Feb , 1627-8, aged 18; B A  next day, M A  3 June, 1630 
Romaine, Matthew pleb  Balliol Coll , matric  10 June, 1630, B A  same day, M A  14 May, 1633, vicar of Stoke Gaylard, Dorset, 1639; father of the next  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Romayne, Thomas s  Matth , of Stoke Gaylard, Dorset, minister  Wadham Coll , matric  17 July, 1669, aged 17; B A  from Hart Hall 1673, "the intruded" rector of Stoke Gaylard 1675  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Romayne, William (Ronayne) gent  Trinity Coll , matric  31 July, 1671, aged 16 
Rome, Harcourt s  William, of London, p p  Brasenose Coll , matric  13 Dec , 1672, aged 17 
Rome, William s  G  (? "Gul "), of Northampton (city), pleb  Brasenose Coll , matric  11 Dec , 1684, aged 16 
Romney, Joseph B A  from Emanuel Coll , Cambridge, 1610-11, M A  1614; incorporated 8 July, 1614, student of Inner Temple 1610, as of London, gent  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg 
Rone, John s  Randolph, of Hanmer, Flints, pleb  Brasenose Coll , matric  10 Oct , 1634, aged 18; D D  Trinity Coll , Dublin, 25 Jan , 1666 (as Roane), vicar of Hanmer, Flints, 1644, ejected same year, dean of Clogher 1667, bishop of Killaloe 1675, until his death 5 Sept , 1692  See Cotton's Fasti Ecc  Hib  i  467 
Rone, William of New Coll  1661  See Roane 
Roode, Edward (or Rode) B A  21 July, 1522, M A  26 Nov , 1534; perhaps canon of Southwell 1561-73 
Roode, Edward cler  fil  Merton Coll , matric  22 Nov , 1650; Eton postmaster 1649, fellow 1651, B A  2 March, 1651-2, M A  14 Dec , 1655; incorporated at Cambridge 1657, and LL D  1671; vicar of Gamlingay, co  Cambridge, rector of one moiety 1661, and of the other 1677; died at Cambridge 1689  See Burrows, 525; & O H S  iv  292 
Roode, Onesiphorus s  Edward, of Thame, Oxon, sacerd  New Inn Hall, matric  27 Oct , 1637, aged 16, B A  1 July, 1641; incorporated at Cambridge 1645; chaplain to the house of lords after the expulsion of the bishops; minister of New chapel, Tuttle-Fields, Westminster, 1648, until ejected in 1660  See Calamy, i  195 
Rood, Richard M A  from Pembroke Coll  5 Dec , 1634 
Rooke, John s  Tho , of Broadwell, co  Gloucester, pleb  Pembroke Coll , matric  1 March, 1683-4, aged 17; brother of Thomas 1693 
Rooke, John s  Tho , of Whitchurch, Wilts, gent  Balliol Coll , matric  14 Jan , 1713-14, aged 17 
Rooke, Nicholas s  Arthur, of Totnes, Devon, gent  Exeter Coll , matric  10 March, 1670-1, aged 16; B A  1674, M A  1677, rector of Dartington, Devon, 1679  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rooke, Robert "ser " Oriel Coll , matric  1 April, 1656, B A  1659 
Rooke, Robert s  R , p p  St  Alban Hall, matric  30 March, 1677, aged 17 
Rooke, Thomas pleb  Christ Church, matric  3 May, 1659 
Rooke, William (Roock) of Dorset, pleb  Brasenose Coll , matric  entry under date 20 March, 1578-9, aged 19; B A  from St  Alban Hall 30 Jan , 1582-3, M A  9 May, 1586 
Rooke, William of Dorset, gent  New Coll , matric  12 July, 1605, aged 18; B A  21 Feb , 1608-9, chaplain, M A  16 Dec , 1611, rector of North Cheriton, Somerset, 1618  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rooke, William s  J , of Workington, Cumberland, p p  Queen's Coll , matric  22 Oct , 1669, aged 17; B A  1674, M A  1677, B D  1690, vicar of Plumstead, Kent, 1691, and rector of Hadley, Hants, 1695  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rookes, Christopher (Rokys or Rokkis) B A  8 July, 1522, M A  1 July, 1527, B D  supd  Oct , 1540; principal of Magdalen Hall 1529-32, vicar of Stanstead Abbots, Herts, 1534  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rookes, Jonas B A  from Magdalen Hall 24 April, 1599, M A  11 Feb , 1601-2 (2s  William, of Roydes Hall); vicar of Penistone, Yorks, 1619, see Foster's Index Eccl ; styled fellow and bursar of University Coll  in Foster's Yorkshire Collection, possibly brother of the next-named 
Rookes, Robert of Yorks, pleb  Magdalen Hall, matric  14 May, 1602, aged 19; possibly brother of the last-named 
Ro(o)kes, William demy Magdalen Coll  1544, B A  supd  1551, fellow 1552-71, M A  27 April, 1556, B Med  supd  24 April, 1561  See Bloxam, iv  99 
Rookes, William s  William, of Rhodes Hall, Yorks, gent  University Coll , matric  30 June, 1665, aged 16; died at Oxford in 1667 
Roope, Ambrose s  A , of Dartmouth Parva, Devon, arm  Exeter Coll , matric  15 March, 1671-2, aged 16 
Roope, George s  Ant , of Bradford, Wilts, gent  Hart Hall, matric  10 Oct , 1702, aged 15 
Roope, John s  Nicholas, of Dartmouth, Devon, gent  Exeter Coll , matric  17 Nov , 1637, aged 15; student of Lincoln's Inn 1638  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg 
Roope, Nicholas of Devon, gent  Broadgates Hall, matric  6 Feb , 1606-7, aged 18; B A  6 Nov , 1610; probably father of the last-named 
Rooper, Thomas s  T , of London, gent  Trinity Coll , matric  9 July, 1699, aged 16; B A  1703, M A  19 Feb , 1705-6, as Roper 
Rooper, William of St  Alban Hall 1667  See Roper 
Roos, Brian D Can L  or doctor of decrees of the university of Valentia; incorporated 3 Feb , 1510-11; died 1529, buried in the church of Chelray  See Fasti, i  31 
Root, Isaac pleb  St  John's Coll , matric  2 July, 1658, admitted to Merchant Taylors' school 1649 (only son of Isaac, merchant taylor); born in Trinity parish 20 Aug , 1641  See Robinson, i  193 
Roots, Richard s  Tho , of Tunbridge, Kent, gent  St  John's Coll , matric  26 Dec , 1689, aged 15; demy Magdalen Coll  1690-1702, B A  1693, M A  1696, rector of Chilmarck, Wilts, 1702-27, canon of Sarum 1722, rector and vicar of Bishopstone, Wilts, 1728; brother of William 1699  See Rawl  iii  447, and xix  90; Bloxam, vi  111; & Foster's Index Eccl 
Roots, Thomas of Sussex, pleb  Magdalen Hall, matric  entry 17 Nov , 1581, aged 13; B A  supd  1 July, 1584, bar -at-law, Lincoln's Inn, 1594  See Foster's Judges and Barristers 
Rootes, Thomas s  William, of Tunbridge, Kent, pleb  St  John's Coll , matric  31 Jan , 1628-9, aged 23; B A  12 Feb , 1628-9, vicar of Long Stanton All Saints, co  Cambridge, 1630  See Add  MSS  15,669-70; & Foster's Index Eccl 
Rootes, Thomas pleb  St  John's Coll , matric  2 July, 1658; B A  1661, M A  1666; possibly father of Richard 1689, and William 1699 
Roots, William s  Tho , of Tunbridge, Kent, gent  Christ Church, matric  16 March, 1698-9, aged 18; B A  1704; clerk Magdalen Coll  1705-11, M A  1707, rector of Little Berkhampstead, Herts, 1714; brother of Richard 1689  See Bloxam, ii  85; & Foster's Index Eccl 
Roper, Francis s  Robert, of Trimdon, co  Durham, gent  Corpus Christi Coll , matric  16 Dec , 1661, aged 18; probably identical with Francis, son of Robert, of Kelloe, co  Durham, farmer, was admitted sizar of St  John's Coll , Cambridge, 21 Sept , 1658, aged 16; fellow, B A  1662-3, M A  1666, B D  1673, vicar of Waterbeach, co  Cambridge, 1678, canon of Ely 1686-90, rector of Northwold, Norfolk, 1687, died 13 April, 1719  See Mayor, 138; Surtees' Durham, i  107; & Foster's Index Eccl 
Roper, John (or Rooper) demy Magdalen Coll , from Berks, M A  fellow, 1483, D D  disp  27 June, 1506, (first) Margaret professor of divinity, 1500, vice-chancellor of the university 1505, and 1511, principal of Salesurry and George Hall, rector of Witney, Oxon, 1493, vicar of St  Mary's church, Oxford, canon of Cardinal Coll  1532; died May, 1534  See Ath  i  76; & Landsowne MS  979, f  118 
Roper, John B A  disp  4 July, 1512 
Roper, Thomas of Trinity Coll  1699  See Rooper 
Roper, Philip of Kent, arm  Gloucester Hall, matric  7 Sept , 1588, aged 15 (subscribes Rooper) 
Roper, William (subscribes Rooper) of co  Hereford, militis fil  St  Alban Hall, matric  entry dated 5 June, 1607, aged 13; probably of Malmains, Kent, 2nd son of Sir Christopher Roper, afterwards 2nd baron Teynham  See Foster's Peerage 
Roscarrock, Henry of Cornwall, arm  Hart Hall, matric  entry under date 17 Dec , 1576, aged 21; probably son of Thomas, of Roscarrock, and brother of the next, and of Richard 1581 
Roscarrock, John B A  11 Feb , 1576-7; perhaps from Exeter Coll  (and 1s  Thomas, of Roscarrock, Cornwall); died 24 Nov , 1608; brother of Henry and Richard  See O H S  xii  65 
Roscarrock, Nicolas (Roiscariot) B A  supd  3 May, 1568, student Inner Temple 1571, as of Roscarrock, Cornwall  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg 
Roscarrock, Richard of Cornwall, arm  Broadgates Hall, matric  entry under date circa 1581, aged 19; student of Middle Temple 1583 (as 3s  Thomas, of Roscarrock, Cornwall, esq ), brother of Henry and John  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg 
Rosdell, Christopher of Yorks, pleb  St  Edmund Hall, matric  entry under date 22 Dec , 1576, aged 22, B A  4 July, 1576; rector of St  Bennet Sherehog, London, 1579, and vicar of Somerton, Somerset, 1582  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rose, Christopher s  John, of Marlow, Bucks, gent  Christ Church, matric  13 Feb , 1622-3, aged 21, B A  same day; rector of Hutton, Essex, 1642  See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus 
Rose, Christopher s  Giles, of Lynn Regis, Norfolk, gent  Lincoln Coll , matric  8 July, 1670, aged 15; student of Gray's Inn, 1673  See Foster's Gray's Inn Register 
Rose, Gilbert Augustinian Canon, B D  supd  22 May, 1512, and supd  12 Dec , 1519, for incorporation as D D 
Rose, Henry "ser " Lincoln Coll , matric  22 July, 1658, B A  16 Jan , 1660-1, fellow 1662 from Pirton, Oxon, M A  1663 (incorporated at Cambridge 1688), B D  1672; minister of All Saints, Oxford, but running much into debt, and marrying beneath himself, left his fellowship and church about 1674, retired to London, and at length to Ireland  See Ath  iv  561 
Rose, Hugh s  "Dav  Ni " (Nigg 4to ), of Ross, Scotland, p p  (subs  pleb )  Balliol Coll , matric  3 April, 1707, aged 20; B A  1709 
Rose, John B A  8 June, 1519, fellow Merton Coll  1523, M A  31 March, 1525; one of these names vicar of Shoreham, Kent, 1536  See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus 
Rose, John of co  Leicester, pleb  Merton Coll , matric  24 Nov , 1581, aged 21 
Rose, John s  Jeremy, of Swell, co  Gloucester, pleb  Corpus Christi Coll , matric  12 Dec , 1623, aged 15; B A  4 July, 1626 
Rose, John s  Rich , of Halberton, Devon, gent  Exeter Coll , matric  14 May, 1688, aged 17 
Rose, John s  J , of West Derby, co  Lancaster, pleb  University Coll , matric  7 March, 1712-13, aged 18, B A  1716; rector of Bilborough, Notts, 1722  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rose, Jonathan s  Th , of Mickleton, co  Gloucester, pleb  St  Alban Hall, matric  16 May, 1677, aged 18; B A  9 Feb , 1680-1 
Rose, Joseph s  Thomas, of Sturminster Newton, Dorset, pleb  Oriel Coll , matric  12 Dec , 1623, aged 19 
Rose, Richard B A  from Exeter Coll  14 June, 1621; perhaps student of Middle Temple 1622 (as son and heir of John, of Lyme, Dorset, gent ), and M P  Lyme Regis April-May, 1640, 1640 (l p ), till his death after 1648  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg  & Foster's Parliamentary Dictionary 
Rose, Richard arm  Exeter Coll , matric  29 March, 1656; student of Lincoln's Inn 1659, as 4s  Richard, of Wootton Fitzwarren, Dorset, esq  See Foster's Inns of Court Reg 
Rose, Richard s  Richard, of Monks Kirby, co  Warwick, pleb  Magdalen Coll , matric  3 May, 1672, aged 16 (as Rosse); chorister 1670-6  See Bloxam, i  95 
Rose, Richard s  R(ichard), of Wyng, Bucks, gent  Trinity Coll , matric  7 May, 1680, aged 16; bar -at-law, Inner Temple, 1699  See Foster's Judges and Barristers 
Rose, Stephen of co  Gloucester, pleb  Corpus Christi Coll , matric  21 Jan , 1619-20, aged 16; B A  13 Nov , 1621, M A  2 July, 1625, vicar of Aldermaston 1627, and rector of Barkham 1633, and of Arborfield, Berks, 1640, and perhaps of Hartley Mawditt, Hants, 1652  See Foster's Index Ecclesiasticus 
Rose, Stephen "ser " Lincoln Coll , matric  19 Nov , 1650 
Rose, Stephen "servi  fil " Magdalen Coll , matric  19 Nov , 1650 (subscribes "serv ") 
Rose, Stephen "ser " Magdalen Coll , subscribed 23 Nov , 1655; B A  from Wadham Coll  1659, vicar of Cold Overton, co  Leicester, 1662-3, and rector of Woolhampton, Berks, 1667-95, father of Temple  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rose, Temple s  Step , of Woolhampton, Berks, cler  Trinity Coll , matric  29 March, 1693, aged 17, B A  1696 
Rose, Thomas Minorite, B D  22 June, 1509 
Rose, Thomas of Herts, pleb  Magdalen Hall, matric  10 Oct , 1589, aged 15 
Rose, Thomas s  Seth, of Telscombe, Sussex, sacerd  Oriel Coll , matric  5 June, 1640, aged 18; his father rector of Telscombe 1604, etc  See Foster's Index Eccl 
Rose, Thomas s  Edw , 
Context 3: Margaret Way (b  Brisbane d  Cleveland, Queensland, Australia ) was an Australian writer of romance novels and women's fiction  A prolific author, Way wrote more than 120 novels since 1970, many through Mills & Boon, a romance imprint of British publisher Harlequin UK Ltd , owned by Harlequin Enterprises 

Biography
Before her marriage, she was a well-known pianist, teacher, vocal coach and accompanist  She began writing when her son, Laurence Way, was born, a friend took a pile of Mills & Boon books to her, she read all and decided that she also could write these types of novels  She began to write and promote her country with her stories set in Australia  She sold her first novels in 1970  Margaret Way lives with her family in her native Brisbane  Beginning in 2013, Margaret began to self-publish, releasing her first "e-book" mid-July 

Margaret died on the 10th of August 2022 in Cleveland, Queensland 

Bibliography

Single Novels
King Country (1970)
Blaze of Silk (1970)
The Time of the Jacaranda (1970)
Bauhinia Junction (1971)
Man from Bahl Bahla (1971)
Summer Magic (1971)
Return to Belle Amber (1971)
Ring of Jade (1972)
Copper Moon (1972)
Rainbow Bird (1972)
Man Like Daintree (1972)
Noonfire (1972)
Storm Over Mandargi (1973)
Wind River (1973)
Love Theme (1974)
McCabe's Kingdom (1974)
Sweet Sundown (1974)
Reeds of Honey (1975)
Storm Flower (1975)
Lesson in Loving (1975)
Flight into Yesterday (1976)
Red Cliffs of Malpara (1976)
Man on Half-moon (1976)
Swan's Reach (1976)
Mutiny in Paradise (1977)
One Way Ticket (1977)
Portrait of Jaime (1977)
Black Ingo (1977)
Awakening Flame (1978)
Wild Swan (1978)
Ring of Fire (1978)
Wake the Sleeping Tiger (1978)
Valley of the Moon (1979)
White Magnolia (1979)
Winds of Heaven (1979)
Blue Lotus (1979)
Butterfly and the Baron (1979)
Golden Puma (1980)
Temple of Fire (1980)
Lord of the High Valley (1980)
Flamingo Park (1980)
North of Capricorn (1981)
Season for Change (1981)
Shadow Dance (1981)
McIvor Affair (1981)
Home to Morning Star (1981)
Broken Rhapsody (1982)
The Silver Veil (1982)
Spellbound (1982)
Hunter's Moon (1982)
Girl at Cobalt Creek (1983)
No Alternative (1983)
House of Memories (1983)
Almost a Stranger (1984)
A place called Rambulara (1984)
Fallen Idol (1984)
Hunt the Sun (1985)
Eagle's Ridge (1985)
The Tiger's Cage (1986)
Innocent in Eden (1986)
Diamond Valley (1986)
Morning Glory (1988)
Devil Moon (1988)
Mowana Magic (1988)
Hungry Heart (1988)
Rise of an Eagle (1988)
One Fateful Summer (1993)
The Carradine Brand (1994)
Holding on to Alex (1997)
The Australian Heiress (1997)
Claiming His Child (1999)
The Cattleman's Bride (2000)
The Cattle Baron (2001)
The Husbands of the Outback (2001)
Secrets of the Outback (2002)
With This Ring (2003)
Innocent Mistress (2004)
Cattle Rancher, Convenient Wife (2007)
Outback Marriages (2007)
Promoted: Nanny to Wife (2007)
Cattle Rancher, Secret Son (2007)
Genni's Dilemma (2008)
Bride At Briar Ridge (2009)
Outback Heiress, Surprise Proposal (2009)
Cattle Baron, Nanny Needed (2009)

Legends of the Outback Series
Mail Order Marriage (1999)
The Bridesmaid's Wedding (2000)
The English Bride (2000)
A Wife at Kimbara (2000)

Koomera Crossing Series
Sarah's Baby (2003)
Runaway Wife (2003)
Outback Bridegroom (2003)
Outback Surrender (2003)
Home to Eden (2004)

McIvor Sisters Series
The Outback Engagement (2005)
Marriage at Murraree (2005)

Men Of The Outback Series
The Cattleman (2006)
The Cattle Baron's Bride (2006)
Her Outback Protector (2006)
The Horseman (2006)

Outback Marriages Series
Outback Man Seeks Wife (2007)
Cattle Rancher, Convenient Wife (2007)

Barons of the Outback Series Multi-Author
Wedding At Wangaree Valley (2008)
Bride At Briar's Ridge (2008)

Family Ties Multi-Author
Once Burned (1995)

Hitched! Multi-Author
A Faulkner Possession (1996)

Simply the Best Multi-Author
Georgia and the Tycoon (1997)

The Big Event Multi-Author
Beresford's Bride (1998)

Guardian Angels Multi-Author
Gabriel's Mission (1998)

Australians Series Multi-Author
7  Her Outback Man (1998)
17  Master of Maramba (2001)
19  Outback Fire (2001)
22  Mistaken Mistress (2002)
24  Outback Angel (2002)
33  The Australian Tycoon's Proposal (2004)
35  His Heiress Wife (2004)

Marrying the Boss Series Multi-Author
Boardroom Proposal (1999)

Contract Brides Series Multi-Author
Strategy for Marriage (2002)

Everlasting Love Series Multi-Author
Hidden Legacy (2008)

Diamond Brides Series Multi-Author
The Australian's Society Bride (2008)

Collections
Summer Magic / Ring of Jade / Noonfire (1981)
Wife at Kimbara / Bridesmaid's Wedding (2005)

Omnibus in Collaboration
Pretty Witch / Without Any Amazement / Storm Over Mandargi (1977) (with Lucy Gillen and Margaret Malcolm)
Dear Caliban / Heart of the Eagle / Swans' Reach (1978) (with Jane Donnelly and Elizabeth Graham)
The Bonds of Matrimony / Dragon Island / Reeds of Honey (1979) (with Elizabeth Hunter and Henrietta Reid)
The Man Outside / Castles in Spain / McCabe's Kingdom (1979) (with Jane Donnelly and Rebecca Stratton)
Winds From The Sea / Island of Darkness / Wind River (1979) (with Margaret Pargeter and Rebecca Stratton)
Moorland Magic / Tree of Idleness / Sweet Sundown (1980) (with Elizabeth Ashton and Elizabeth Hunter)
The Shifting Sands / Portrait of Jaime / Touched by Fire (1982) (with Jane Donnelly and Kay Thorpe)
Head of Chancery / Wild Heart / One-Way Ticket (1986) (with Betty Beaty and Doris Smith)
Heart of the Scorpion / The Winds of Heaven / Sweet Compulsion (1987) (with Janice Gray and Victoria Woolf)
One Brief Sweet Hour / Once More With Feeling / Blue Lotus (1990) (with Jane Arbor and Natalie Sparks)
Marry Me Cowboy (1995) (with Janet Dailey, Susan Fox and Anne McAllister)
Husbands on Horseback (1996) (with Diana Palmer)
Wedlocked (1999) (with Day Leclaire and Anne McAllister)
Mistletoe Magic (1999) (with Betty Neels and Rebecca Winters)
The Australians (2000) (with Helen Bianchin and Miranda Lee)
Weddings Down Under (2001) (with Helen Bianchin and Jessica Hart)
Outback Husbands (2002) (with Marion Lennox)
The Mother's Day Collection (2002) (with Helen Dickson and Kate Hoffmann)
Australian Nights (2003) (with Miranda Lee)
Outback Weddings (2003) (with Barbara Hannay)
Australian Playboys (2003) (with Helen Bianchin and Marion Lennox)
Australian Tycoons (2004) (with Emma Darcy and Marion Lennox)
A Mother's Day Gift (2004) (with Anne Ashley and Lucy Monroe)
White Wedding (2004) (with Judy Christenberry and Jessica Steele)
A Christmas Engagement (2004) (with Sara Craven and Jessica Matthews)
A Very Special Mother's Day (2005) (with Anne Herries)
All I Want for Christmas    (2005) (with Betty Neels and Jessica Steele)
The Mills and Boon Collection (2006) (with Caroline Anderson and Penny Jordan)
Outback Desire (2006) (with Emma Darcy and Carol Marinelli)
To Mum, with Love (2006) (with Rebecca Winters)
Australian Heroes (2007) (with Marion Lennox and Fiona McArthur)
Tall, Dark and Sexy (2008) (with Caroline Anderson and Helen Bianchin)
The Boss's Proposal (2008) (with Jessica Steele and Patricia Thayer)
Island Heat / Outback Man Seeks Wife / Prince's Forbidden Virgin / One Night Before Marriage / Their Lost-and-found Family / Single Dad's Marriage Wish (2008) (with Robyn Donald, Marion Lennox, Carol Marinelli, Sarah Mayberry and Anne Oliver)
Australian Billionaires (2009) (with Jennie Adams and Amy Andrews)
Cattle Baron : Nanny Needed / Bachelor Dad on Her Doorstep (2009) (with Michelle Douglas)

External links
Margaret Way at Harlequin Enterprises Ltd

Australian romantic fiction writers
Australian women novelists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Women romantic fiction writers



ground_truth: Sir Richard.

prompt_front: Now, answer the following question based on the text below, only give me the answer and do not output any other words.

Question: Where was Margaret Way born and where did she die?

Read the following text and answer briefly.

Context 4:  In order for the object to remain stable we need to apply a normal force: where µ is the friction coefficient between the object and the wall 
In the case of a dexterous hand manipulating an object, we want the normal forces applied by all fingers to be greater than the tangential force divided by the friction coefficient of the materials of the object and the fingertip  Since it is hard to accurately compute the friction coefficient between all possible object materials previous works have used multi-modal tactile sensors like the BioTac sensor, which provides information about the pressure, skin deformation, and temperature, to predict slip and based on that signal to increase the applied normal force 
In our work we use the FTS3 sensors which is a low-cost sensor that measures the 3D force applied in each fingertip  In addition, previous works gathered labeled datasets in order to train their slip prediction models which is time-consuming and limits the possible orientations of the hand, because gathering labeled data for all possible orientations is impractical 
To overcome this we experimentally selected the parameters that determine the value of the applied normal force such that we avoid slip for all objects in our dataset, from the lightest to the heaviest  In order to guarantee contact between the fingertip and the object, in the beginning of the grasping phase, we use an offset f of f set n as the minimum normal force applied by each finger 
In they also suggest that humans use an additional safety margin which is proportional to the tangential force, f margin n ∝ f t   So the final desired normal contact force becomes: where G is the gain that includes the friction coefficient and the additional safety margin  To alleviate the effects of noise in the sensors, the running average of the measured normal force f n and tangential force f t is used, as a low pass filter 
So for each force measurement we have the following relation: where α ∈ (0, 1) is a parameter that determines how much new measurements affect the value, and is experimentally selected  Given the measured normal force f n from the fingertip sensors we can compute the error f err n = f des n − f n   We use this error signal to control the grasp size variable g size , that we use as a conditional variable in our posture mapping function 
The grasp size represents the distance between the thumb and the index finger in a grasp posture  So a smaller grasp size will result in a tighter grasp and greater normal force applied to the surface of the object  We use a linear controller for the grasp size variable that is implemented as follows: where K is a parameter that controls the rate of decrease of the grasp size, and is experimentally selected 
So when the error between the desired normal force and the actual normal force is large the grasp size decreases so tighter grasp postures are generated in order to apply more normal force  In practice, in order to avoid oscillations in the grasp size we use the desired normal force as a high threshold that we want the measured normal force to be below:
If the normal force is below that threshold the grasp size does not change even if there are small oscillations in the measured tangential and normal forces  Also, in order to avoid the hand applying too much force that damages the hardware or the object we use a low threshold, that is: where w threshold is the width of the threshold in mN  
If the measured normal force is below the grasp size increases in order to apply less force  So the final grasp size variable for grasping is calculated as follows: where This is similar to the deadband control method , where instead of having a fixed reference point, an operating range is set  If the response is in this range, the controller does not exert any correction 
In our case, the operating range changes according to the force signals from the robot's fingertips  The grasp posture mapping function is based on the conditional postural synergies model presented in   It uses a conditional Variational Auto-Encoder model to generate grasps postures conditioned on additional variables such as the grasp size 
In this work we augment this model to also generate grasp postures conditioned on the grasp type  The model is trained on a set of labeled grasp samples acquired by teleoperating a robotic hand using a data-glove  Using this model we are able to abstract away the low-level control of each joint of each finger and generate grasps based on more general characteristics such as the type and the size of the grasp 
In this way we can control all the fingers jointly by a single value, the grasp size, thus greatly reducing the control parameters  In addition we are able to use the same control algorithm for different precision grasp types, by changing the grasp type conditional variable  Finally, we can modify our controller to release objects instead of grasping them 
Given the pose of the hand in the world coordinate frame, which we can acquire from the robotic arm that is attached to, we can use the forward kinematics of the hand to compute the poses of each fingertip  Then using the force readings of each fingertip we can calculate the global direction of the net tangential force 
If the angle between the direction of the net tangential force and the direction of gravity is less than 90 degrees, i e  the net tangential force's direction is towards the ground, we assume that the tangential force is due to gravity pulling the object, so the force controller tries to grasp it  If the angle is more than 90 degrees, i e  the net tangential force's direction is upward, it means that something is pushing (or pulling) the object upward, in which case we assume that the object is touching on a support surface or someone is pulling the object so the controller increases the grasp size given to the posture mapping function proportionally to the normal force measured thus slowly releasing the object 
Opening the grasp is done by controlling the grasp size variable as follows: That way we can place objects on surfaces but also perform robot to human handovers, where the robot holds the object and the human grasps the object and slightly pushes or pulls it up, signaling to the robot that there is a support surface 
The robot then slowly releases the object by opening its grasp  We showcase these scenarios in the experiments' section  Based on these observations, we present our force controller in Figure   The hand starts in an open pre-grasp position, a latent point is sampled from the prior distribution of the posture mapping function, and given the desired grasp type and the grasp size a grasp posture, i e  the joint angles of the fingers, is sampled 
The initial grasp size is set to the maximum value, and when the force controller comes into effect and depending on the state of the system and the forces on the fingertips grasp size changes by some value C, according to equations 1,2, until the desired normal force is achieved  To choose between grasping or releasing an object we use a finite state machine formulation 
When the hand reaches the desired grasp pose, which we assume is provided, the GRASP state is activated, in which the controller tries to grasp the object  When the controller detects that the tangential force applied to the object is coming from a support surface the state changes to the RELEASE state, in which the controller releases the object by opening the grasp 
You can see the full algorithm in Python-like pseudocode in Figure   To summarize, the advantages of our controller compared with previous approaches are threefold: 1) instead of controlling each joint of each finger of the hand we use only two variables, the grasp size and the grasp type, which allows us to perform multiple grasp types by changing only one variable while the grasp size variable is common among all grasp types, that greatly reduces the complexity of the control process compared to independently controlling a 21 DoF hand to perform different grasp types, 2) we do not rely on slip prediction for controlling the desired normal force, which involves gathering labeled data and works only for the hand poses in the training dataset, and 3) we can use our controller to also release objects instead of only grasping them 

Experimental Set-up 

For our experiments we used the Seed Robotics RH8D Hand , which is a robotic hand with 7 DoFs  The hand is equipped with the FTS-3 force sensors in each fingertip, which are high resolution tactile sensors that provide the 3D force applied in each fingertip  The sensor provides data at a rate of 50Hz  For the experiments the hand was mounted on a Kinova Gen3 7DoF robot 
To train the posture mapping function we used the CyberGlove to teleoperate the hand and collect 468 grasps belonging to three precision grasp  types: tripod, pinch, lateral tripod  The architecture of the cVAE model was the same as in , with the addition of the grasp type as a conditional variable, which was one-hot encoded 
We used 10 household objects shown in Figure   With the heaviest object weighing 380g and the lightest 1g  During the experiments the trajectories of the arm were prerecorded, while the hand was controlled online by our control algorithm 

Parameter tuning 

To select the values of the parameters in our controllers we conducted preliminary experiments where we tested lifting and releasing several objects, with different physical properties  To select the value of the normal offset force f of f set n , we used an empty plastic cup as our test object, and we choose a value such that the fingers do not deform the cup 
The final value of the parameter was set to -50 mN  To select the values of the gain G and the rate of decrease K, of the grasp size, we experimented with the heaviest object in our dataset, which is the mustard bottle and weighs 380g  The gain G was set to 2 0 such that the desired normal force would be enough to hold the object 
The rate of change of the grasp size was set to 100 0, based on the operating frequency of the force sensor and the range of values of the tangential force  For the tangential force averaging process we used a parameter value of α t = 0 7, because we want the controller to be sensitive to fast changes in its value, that can arise for example during lifting an object 
For the normal force averaging process we used a parameter value of α n = 0 5, as we do not want it to be affected by noise that could make the controller overconfident 

Experiments 

To explore the capabilities of our controller, we demonstrate five experiments of increasing complexity: 1) we picked and placed a bottle using a tripod grasp, 2) we picked, rotated and placed a chips can on a box using a tripod grasp, 3) we picked, rotated and handed over the chips can to a person using a tripod grasp, 4) we picked, rotated and handed over a brown foam brick to a person using a pinch grasp, 5) a person handed over a plastic cup to the robot, filled it with coins to increase its weight, and the robot then handed it back to the person using a tripod grasp 
You can see the execution of the first experiment in  In the middle row, for our third experiment, the robot picks up the chips can, rotates it 90 degrees, and hands it over to a person  In the bottom row, for our forth experiment, the robot picks up a foam brick, rotates it 180 degrees, and hands it over to a person, using a pinch grasp 
Fig    In our fifth experiment, a person hands over an empty plastic cup to the robot, throws coins in it to increase its weight while the robot adjusts its grip to stabilize the object, and then hand overs the cup back to the person  force is below the offset f of f set n , 2) (green part) the robot lifts the object, as it tries to lift the tangential force increases, increasing the threshold, so the grasp size decreases to apply more normal force, 3) (orange part) the robot transports the object, you can see, in point A in the Figure, a perturbation in the tangential force when the robot begins to move, the controller responds by decreasing the grasp thus stabilizing the object, and 4) (blue part) the robot enters the releasing phase, where it lowers the arm until it detects that the tangential force is due to a support surface, then it stops lowering the arm and increases the grasp size slowly releasing the object 
In point B in the Figure, you can see that there is noise in the tangential force, due to the arm moving to place the object on the table, that is also reflected in the desired normal force  Because we use the desired normal force as a threshold and not as a reference signal this noise is not manifested in the control of the grasp size 
You can see the execution of the second experiment in the upper part of Figure   This experiment demonstrates the ability of the controller to handle arbitrary hand poses  The experiment is divided in four parts: 1) the robot enters the GRASP phase and the force controller generates grasps to achieve a normal contact force below the f of f set n threshold, 2) the robot lifts the object and adjusts the grasp size to avoid the object falling, 3) the hand rotates to place the chips can on the horizontal position, and 4) the robot enters the RELEASE phase, and the arm lowers until the object touches the box, when the hand detects the supporting surface, it starts to slowly release the object 
You can see the execution of the third experiment in the middle part of Figure   This experiment demonstrates the ability of the controller to perform robot to human handovers  The experiment is divided in four parts: 1) the robot enters the GRASP phase and the force controller generates grasps to achieve a normal contact force below the f of f set n threshold, 2) the robot lifts the object and adjusts the grasp size to avoid the object falling, 3) the hand rotates to place the chips can on the vertical position, and 4) the robot enters the RELEASE phase, the arm stays still, the human grasps the object from the bottom and slightly pushes it up, the hand then detects that there is a supporting surface and starts to slowly release the object 
You can see the execution of the fourth experiment in the bottom part of Figure   This experiment is similar to previous one, but the grasp type that the robot uses is a pinch grasp, that involves only the thumb and the index finger  To perform this we only had to alter the grasp type conditional variable that was given to the posture mapping function 
You can see the execution of the fifth experiment in the bottom part of Figure   In the first part (blue) of the experiment the robot closes its grasp, by reducing the grasp size, until the normal force is below the force offset  In the next three parts (pink, green, red) the person throws coins in the cup to increase its weight 
You can see in the signal plots that each time coins are added the tangential force decreases so the normal force threshold decreases too  The grasp sizes then decreases as well in order to apply more normal force  This experiment demonstrates the ability of the controller to handle perturbations in the weight of the object during grasping 

CONCLUSION

In summary, we presented a controller that uses force feedback integrated with conditional synergies to control a dexterous robotic hand to grasp and release objects  We demonstrated that our controller can lift objects of different weights and materials while avoiding slip, react online when the weight of the object changes, place them down on surfaces, and hand them over to humans 
In addition, the control architecture is modular, so the synergy grasp mapping component can be easily changed in order to control several precision grasp types  However, our experiments also revealed various limitations of our controller  For example our method fails to stabilize the object when rotational slip occurs 
In addition hardware limitations such as, slow update rates and noise in the force measurements can create problems that result in the object falling  In future work we plan to incorporate additional sensing modalities, such as vision to alleviate some of these issues 



ground_truth: Margaret Way was born in Brisbane and died in Cleveland, Queensland, Australia.